Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Pakistan 0 2394 891468 890362 2026-08-04T20:30:48Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:National_aquatic_marine_mammal_of_Pakistan.jpg|National_aquatic_marine_mammal_of_Pakistan.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]]. 891468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Karachi - Pakistan-market.jpg|thumb|kasuwar pakistan]] '''Fakistan;''' Ƙasa ce da ke a cikin yankin Kudancin [[Asiya]]. Kuma Tana kusa da [[Indiya]], [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]]. A hukuman ce ana kiran ta Jamhuriyar [[Musulunci]] ta [[Pakistan]]. Tana da titi dogo mai tsayi kusa da Tekun [[Larabawa]] a kudancin ƙasar. [[Pakistan]] ce ta biyar a yawan jama'a miliyan 207.77) a [[Duniya 300|Duniya]]. Ƙasar [[Pakistan]] tana da faɗin ƙasa gaba ɗaya na (880,940 km2) (340,130 square mita) (gami da yankunan da Pakistan ke rike da su na Azad [[Kashmir]] da Gilgit Baltistan). Wannan ya sanya [[Pakistan]] ta zama kasa ta (34) a Duniya. [[Pakistan]] ce ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan sojoji a Duniya. Babban birnin [[Pakistan]] shi ne [[Islamabad]]. Kafin shekara ta (1960), [[Karachi]] ne, wanda yanzu shine birni mafi girma a ƙasar. Sunan [[Pakistan]] tana nufin ƙasa Mai Tsarki a cikin harshen [[Farisanci]] da [[Urdu]]. == Alamomin kasa == Alamomin kasa a [[Pakistan]] {| class="infobox borderless" |+ Alamomin kasar Pakistan (a hukumance) |- ! '''Dabbar kasa''' | [[Markhor]] | [[File:Markhor.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsuntsun kasa''' | [[Chukar]] | [[File:Keklik.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Bishiyar kasa''' | [[Cedrus deodara]] | [[File:Pedrengo cedro nel parco Frizzoni.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Bishiyar kasa''' | [[Jasminum officinale]] | [[File:Jasminum officinale.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Dabbar gado ta kasa''' | [[Snow Leopard]] | [[File:Snow Leopard 13.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsuntsun gado na kasa''' | [[Shaheen Falcon]] | [[File:Vándorsólyom.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Dabbar ruwa ta kasa''' | [[Indus river dolphin]] | |- ! '''National reptile''' | [[Indus Crocodile]] | [[File:Persiancrocodile.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kifin kasa''' | [[Tor putitora]] | [[File:Mahasher.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Halittar kasa''' | [[Bufo stomaticus]] | [[File:Bufo stomaticus04.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kafilfilon kasa''' | [[Mimathyma ambica|Indian purple emperor]] | [[File:VB 023 Indian Purple Emperor.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kayan maarin kasa''' | [[Mango]] | [[File:Chaunsa.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Amfanin gona na kasa''' | [[Sugarcane]] | [[File:Shentu - rural landscape east of Shanwei cun - P1260072.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Barasar kasa''' | [[Sugarcane juice]] | [[File:Sugarcanejuice.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kayan karin kuzari na kasa''' | [[Okra]] | [[File:Bucket of raw okra pods.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Abincin kasa''' | [[Pakistani Biryani]] (Beef) | [[File:Bukhari Rice ارز بخاري بالدجاج.JPG|50px]] |- ! '''Wasan kasa''' | [[Field hockey]] | [[File:HOCKEY ARGENTINA PAKISTAN.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Adon kasa''' | [[Salwar kameez]] | [[File:Zainab Chottani with her show stoppers.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Masallacin kasa''' | [[Faisal Mosque]] | [[File:Shah Faisal Mosque (Islamabad, Pakistan).jpg |50px]] |- ! '''Gidan Tarihi na kasa''' | [[Mazar-e-Quaid]] | [[File: Mazar-E-Quaid.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Kogin kasa''' | [[Indus River]] | [[File:Indus river from karakouram highway.jpg|50px]] |- ! '''Tsaunin kasa''' | [[K2]] | [[File:K2, Mount Godwin Austen, Chogori, Savage Mountain.jpg|50px]] |- |} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Chaukundi1.JPG|Kaburburan Chaukandi kusa da birnin Karachi File:Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Tokyo.JPG|Ofishin jakadancin Pakistan a birnin Tokyo File:Quaid-e-Azam_Library_in_Jinnah_Garden.jpg|Dakin Karatu na Quaid e-Azam a Lambun Jinnah File:Shahrukne_Alam.jpg|Sanannen wurin bauta mai laƙabin ‘sufi’, Multa File:Mosque_minare_amjad_2006.JPG|Badshahi Masjid (Masallacin Sarki), Tsohon Gari, Lahore File:National_Art_Gallery,_Islamabad,_Pakistan.jpg|National Art Gallery, Pakistan Fayil:Aga_Khan_University_.jpg|Jami'ar Aga Khan Karachi File:Coast_of_Karachi_construction.jpg|&mGaɓar Tekun birnin File:National_Skills_University_Islamabad_Auditorium.jpg|National Skills University File:Karachi-Terminal-00138.JPG|Filin jirgin Sama na birnin Karachi, Pakistan File:Faisal_mosque2.jpg|Masallacin Faisal File:Embassy_of_Pakistan_in_Tokyo.JPG|Ofishin jakadancin kasar a Tokyo, Japan File:Indus_river_from_karakouram_highway.jpg|Kogin Indus daga babbar hanyar karakouram Fayil:Native_Jetty_Bridge_Karachi.jpg|Gadar Native Jetty Karachi, Pakistan </gallery> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Asiya}} begutex26gw74gay89xhjfnk8zl972f Moshchena 0 3470 891623 470266 2026-08-05T08:33:04Z Baffa ali 47435 891623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Centr Moschena.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Moshchena]] '''Moshchena''', kauye ne da ke a kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Yana da fadi 1.05 . ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Moshchena_School.jpg|Wata makaranta a Moshchena Moshchena_mape_1920.JPG|Taswirar Moshchena File:Tserkva.JPG|Cocin Tserkv, Moshchena </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} pgheolhwr5b6h7x2p5h5vdqvpphpog4 Nicky Ajose 0 4189 891585 442170 2026-08-05T06:55:56Z Baffa ali 47435 891585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicky Ajose''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]]. Shine dan wasan ya ta ka leda a shekarun da suka gabata. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ajose, Nicky}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] ngyjg68qqaz7r6ef8jpx5fcuofwtuo9 Stuart Alderson 0 4215 891321 442187 2026-08-04T12:17:23Z Baffa ali 47435 891321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Stuart Alderson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1948) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]]. Shine danwasa mai taka leda. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alderson, Stuart}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] 9mieixyegq3ne08hpjx4fj5rr62nqtp Judan Ali 0 4445 891399 442109 2026-08-04T17:15:19Z Baffa ali 47435 891399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Judan Ali''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1973) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]]. Wanda a shekarun da suka shude yataka leda. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Judan}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] ikzw4la46cxlxld89qai6w7wtus1jj5 Stan Alexander 0 4498 891394 442630 2026-08-04T16:59:51Z Baffa ali 47435 891394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stan Alexander''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1905 sannan ya mutu a shekara ta 1961) ya kasance ƙwararren dan wasa ne na [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] daga ƙasar [[Ingila]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1905]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Alexander, Stan}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] n6abphpnldlj20s2ae77ikg8l1ztrux Tattaunawar user:Ammarpad 3 6214 891314 889838 2026-08-04T12:02:26Z ~2026-42968-66 47588 /* Auwal Abubakar */ sabon sashe 891314 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) :samaan :Hausa :@[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39981-47|&#126;2026-39981-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39981-47|talk]]) 13:46, 16 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Misali kasa ko bishyu haka == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alhamdu lillah == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24815-45|&#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Itaciyyar zamani == shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-25442-87|&#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Ahamad Abba == Ahamad Abba [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29423-27|&#126;2026-29423-27]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29423-27|talk]]) 10:10, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == abdullashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29619-62|&#126;2026-29619-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29619-62|talk]]) 23:58, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Dan Allah Ina so na koya likitsnci == Abdulrrhaman [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29631-59|&#126;2026-29631-59]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29631-59|talk]]) 06:30, 17 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Brk == a [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-30415-61|&#126;2026-30415-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-30415-61|talk]]) 23:44, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == 9044000454 == abdusammd Ali OPAY [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32331-29|&#126;2026-32331-29]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32331-29|talk]]) 02:02, 31 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Taya zanbude account dazan temaka == ina neman Karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32735-01|&#126;2026-32735-01]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32735-01|talk]]) 07:13, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne wanda ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifi bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifina bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32562-31|&#126;2026-32562-31]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32562-31|talk]]) 12:49, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Reuben lover gwamma == [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32944-08|&#126;2026-32944-08]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32944-08|talk]]) 05:26, 4 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Bala sani == sani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:44, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Umar m sharif == yane [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:48, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == oumr sama == Gazaou [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-34357-62|&#126;2026-34357-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-34357-62|talk]]) 20:05, 10 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim Abdullah dangamau == kusada lg katsina state [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:55, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == 8126141543 opay bank Ibrahim Abdullahi == 8126141543 opay Ibrahim Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:58, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ina tambaya ne game da cikakken tarihin masarautar Jama'are == tarihin masarautar Jama'are [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36511-04|&#126;2026-36511-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36511-04|talk]]) 21:29, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim sani == nace ina da tambaya ne game da littafin tarin hausa barbie in same shi ne akwai yadda zan yi in samu littafan tarin hausa kamar taya na gizo zaku iya gano ta yadda zan samu shi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37548-11|&#126;2026-37548-11]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37548-11|talk]]) 11:58, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Mai bincike == idan nasadu damai hiv da condom bayan hiv wani gwaji yadace nayi idan inajin badaidaiba Ajikina [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37555-93|&#126;2026-37555-93]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37555-93|talk]]) 12:20, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim haruna == azare [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37948-19|&#126;2026-37948-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37948-19|talk]]) 17:18, 2 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Maradi == bonne nuit [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:33, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Assalam alaikoum barkamu da warhaka == helle [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:39, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 49565314543 == Saifuallhi usaini [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 00:51, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Nin nombadinayasamumsala == Nin nombadinayasamumsala [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:01, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:03, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == bak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:17, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:49, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == @ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:24, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:58, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :@ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 00:02, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40126-77|&#126;2026-40126-77]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40126-77|talk]]) 21:27, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) california se hamare saath ho raha hai hum kaise pata karengovernmenttaxforcecalifornia@gmail.com [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40691-12|&#126;2026-40691-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40691-12|talk]]) 17:32, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Batu == safiya [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42392-57|&#126;2026-42392-57]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42392-57|talk]]) 18:07, 31 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Auwal Abubakar == Auwal Abubakar Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42968-66|&#126;2026-42968-66]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42968-66|talk]]) 12:02, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) oamsaxdwtjq2us5yj6x3o6sgzikx92h Nama 0 6399 891425 486686 2026-08-04T18:09:39Z Kaddi123 38060 891425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Saniya.jpg|thumb|Saniya a wurin kiwo]] [[File:Mira Meat.jpg|thumb|tirenin raguna]] [[File:Meats.jpg|thumb|ɗanyen nama]] [[File:Mongolian Cuisine at World Heritage Cuisine Summit & Food Festival 2018 (13).jpg|thumb|dafaffen nama]] [[File:Meat or Beef Sellers.jpg|thumb|meet or beef seller ]] [[Fayil:A knife and the meat roasted.png|thumb|Sire]] [[Fayil:Mystery meat dish with rice.jpg|thumb|nama da shinkafa]] [[Fayil:Mercado Municipal (São Paulo) 07.jpg|thumb|jannama Yanada dadi sosai]] [[Fayil:Meat in Marketplace.jpg|thumb|Nama ]] '''Nama:''' wani sinadari ne wanda yake da amfani a jikin dan Adam, idan yaci tahanyar kara masa lafiya.nama Yana cikin na'uin abinci da ake Kira protein,yana da Amfani sosai ga lafiya dan Adam ,nama ya daukar awa shida akafin ya narake Yana Samar da lafiya ga jiki da Kuma gina jiki.<ref>Ayyıldız, Esat. [https://ia601504.us.archive.org/30/items/klasik-arap-edebiyatinda-et-motifi/Klasik%20Arap%20Edebiyat%C4%B1nda%20Et%20Motifi.pdf “Klasik Arap Edebiyatında Et Motifi”]. ''International Malatya Gastronomy Culture and Tourism Conference''. ed. Aynur Ismayilova – Gunay Rzayeva. 19-24. Malatya: IKSAD Publishing House, 2022.</ref> Kuma ana samun namane tajikin dabbobi da dama kamarsu: [[shanu]], [[rakumi]], [[akuya]], [[rago]], [[kaza]], [[Talo-talo|talotalo]], [[kifi]], [[agwagwa]], [[zabo]] da dai sauransu. == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Nama}} [[Category:Abinci]] 8qcxdqnmujze4y0aywvkdw7vlr1hma5 Shinkafa 0 7111 891414 876515 2026-08-04T17:50:08Z Kaddi123 38060 891414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Tuwon Shinkafa Miyan Aleyaho.jpg|thumb|tuwun shinkafa]] [[File:Rice farm ofmbrgybbantog.jpg|thumb|gonar shinkafa]] [[File:Texas' First Rice Mill -- Beaumont,Texas.jpg|thumb|kanfanin gyaran shinkafa]] [[File:Green rice sheaves planted in a paddy field with long shadows at golden hour in Don Det Laos.jpg|thumb|Shukan shinkafa]] [[File:Wisconsin Wild Rice (31038058682).jpg|thumb|shinkafa dafa duka da ganye]] [[File:Plates of Jollof Rice, Fried Rice and Chicken.jpg|thumb|plates of jallof rice and fried rice and chicken.jpg]] [[Fayil:20201102.Hengnan.Hybrid rice Sanyou-1.6.jpg|thumb|shinkafa bayan tanunah]] [[Fayil:Oil Rice 01.jpg|thumb|shinkafa da mai]] [[Fayil:Rice p1160004.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa]] '''Shinkafa''' [[hatsi]] ne kuma wani nau'in [[abinci]] ne wanda ya shahara a ko'ina na sassan duniya. Shinkafa ta zama babban abinci ne wanda ya zama na kowa da kowa da kuma kowanne jinsi na [[duniya]], ana amfani da ita. Duk da yake akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na yadda [[mutane]] jinsi iri-iri dake duniya suke dafawa da sarrafa shinkafarsu. Don ci ko amfanin yau da kullum, amma dai ko wane jinsi ko ire-iren al'umma suna ta'ammali da shinkafa a dukkanin fadin duniya.Don kuwa shinkafa ta fi kowane nau'in abinci shahara a duniya.shinkafa tana cikin na'uin abinci da ake cema carbohydrates Yana daukar tsowon awa uku zuwa hudu ya narake cikin jiki,Mafi yawan shinkafa tana Samar da kuzari ko karfi domin yin Aiki.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51375366</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20191223-rufe-iyakokin-najeriya-ya-farfado-na-numan-shinkafa</ref><ref>https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html</ref> [[File:White, Brown, Red & Wild rice.jpg|thumb|Nau'in shinkafa kala daban daban]] An kawo nau'ikan shinkafa da yawa don inganta ingancin amfanin gona. Kimiyyar qere-qere ta samar da shinkafa mai suna Green Revolution mai iya samar da albarkatu masu yawa idan aka samar da takin nitrogen da kuma sarrafa shi sosai. Sauran samfuran shinkafa suna iya bayyana sunadaran ɗan adam don amfani da magani; Shinkafa mai jurewa ambaliya ko zurfin ruwa; da iri masu jure fari da gishiri. Ana amfani da shinkafa azaman abin koyi a ilmin halitta. Ana nia busasshiyar hatsin shinkafa don cire yadudduka na waje; dangane da adadin da aka cire, samfuran sun bambanta daga shinkafa mai launin ruwan kasa zuwa shinkafa tare da germ da farar shinkafa. Wasu suna parboiled don sauƙaƙe dafawa. Shinkafa ba ta ƙunshi alkama; yana ba da furotin amma ba duk mahimman amino acid da ake buƙata don lafiya mai kyau ba. Ana cin shinkafa iri-iri a duniya. Shinkafa mai tsayin hatsi tana kula da ci gaba da dafa abinci; shinkafa matsakaiciyar hatsi ya fi tsayi, kuma ana amfani dashi don jita-jita masu dadi, kuma a Italiya don risotto; kuma ana amfani da shinkafa ɗan ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano a cikin sushi na Jafananci kamar yadda take kiyaye siffarta lokacin dahuwa. Farar shinkafa idan an dafa shi yana dauke da 29% carbohydrate da kuma furotin 2%, tare da wasu manganese. Shinkafa ta zinari iri-iri ce da injiniyoyi suka samar domin ya ƙunshi bitamin A. An yi kiyasin samar da shinkafa ya haifar da sama da kashi 1% na hayaki mai gurbata muhalli a duniya acikin shekarar 2022. Hasashen yadda sauyin yanayi zai shafi amfanin noman shinkafa ya bambanta a fadin kasa da yanayin tattalin arziki. A cikin al'adun mutane, shinkafa na taka rawa a cikin addinai da al'adu daban-daban, kamar a bikin aure.<br />. =='''Yadda ake Sarrafa Shinkafa.'''== [[File:Hausa Food Shinkafa.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa da miya]] Mafiya yawan mutane na sarrafata ne ta hanyar gyara ta bayan an ciro ta daga gona, an cire kobbenta, daga nan wasu na dafata da ruwa zalla sannan su ci da miya, anaci da mai da yaji, ana haɗata da wake a dafa, anayin dafa duka, wasu kuma na hada ta da wasu nau'in kayan abinci sannan su dafa su ci, mafiya yawan lokuta an fi sarrafa shinkafa da [[wake]], musamman a [[nahiyar Afirka]] ta Yamma.<ref>https://cookpad.com/ng-ha/recipes/7750947-shinkafa-da-wake-da-mai-da-yaji-da-salak-da-tumatur</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/afrika/20170701-noman-shinkafa-arewa-maso-gabashin-najeriya</ref> == '''Nau'in shinkafa.''' == [[File:Hausa Food Shinkafa2.jpg|thumb|Shinkafa dafa duka]] [[File:Blond and green rice fields.jpg|thumb|gonar shinkafa bayan an yanketa]] [[File:Rice p1160004.jpg|thumb|shinkafa gyararriya tas]] [[File:Rice Plants (IRRI).jpg|thumb|shinkafa ta fitar da kai ta dosa ta isa yanka]] Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da ake bi wajen sarrafa [[Shinkafa]], hakan ya sa Hausawa ke da nau'in shinkafar [[Abinci]] kala-kala. * Shinkafa garau-garau. * Shinkafa dafa-duka. * [[Shinkafa da miya]]. * tuwan shinkafa. . Shinkafa da wake. . Shinkafa da taliya. {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinkafa}} [[Category:Abinci]] [[Category:Shuka]] {{Stub}} [[File:Kanchanaburi, Thailand, Asian rice (Oryza sativa) grass.jpg|thumb|shienkafa a cikin gona]] * Adamu, Abdalla Uba, 1956-, Adamu, Yusuf Muhammad., Jibril, Umar Faruk. ''Hausa home videos : technology, economy and society''. Kano, Nigeria: Center for Hausa Cultural Studies. 2004. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-36906-0-4|<bdi>978-36906-0-4</bdi>]].[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;61158034. * Abubakar Aliyu Mohammed. Cultural Torism. [[ISBN]]:978-978-087-937-2 == Manazarta. == 9mfaph2krb502rjguotekn7uz9q5l77 Tattaunawar user:Em-mustapha 3 7145 891525 886270 2026-08-04T22:24:36Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 14 */ sabon sashe 891525 wikitext text/x-wiki # {{DISPLAYTITLE:<b><span style="color:black">User talk:</span><span style="color:green">M</span><span style="color:black">-</span><span style="color:green">Mustapha</span></b>}} == Facebook page == Dear Mohammed, Thanks a lot for your contributions. Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) OK! thanks so much DonCamillo and I'll follow the page and share it. [[User:The Living love|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#663300">'''''The Living love'''''</font></span>]][[User Talk:The Living love|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup> talk</sup></span>]] 17:23, 12 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Manzo == Dear Mohammed, I'm trying to connect the page "Manzo" you have created (well done!) to pages available on Wikipedia in other languages. Can you please confirm that "Prophet" is the correct translation for "Manzo" in English? Na gode sosai, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 04:58, 14 Maris 2018 (UTC) Dear [[Use:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] the word '''Manzo''' means Messenger, and word '''Annabi''' means prophet [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 05:24, 2 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) Hello [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] There is little differences between these words, the word " Prophet " Arabic (نبي) it means Annabi in hausa while the word "Messenger" Arabic (رسول) means Manzo. [[User:The Living love|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#663300">'''''The Living love'''''</font></span>]][[User Talk:The Living love|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup> talk</sup></span>]] Dear [[Use:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] Manzo means messenger in any sort of form anyone carrying messages can be called Manzo. It's just a dictionary meaning of messenger in hausa. While prophet have another literal meaning.[[User:Musa Vacho77|Musa Vacho77]] ([[User talk:Musa Vacho77|talk]]) 07:25, 25 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) == Admins == Dear Mohammed, Thanks a lot for your contributions to the project! This is just to inform you that we have two applications for "admin" status (a status that allows you to delete non-appropriate content, to block people who are adding inappropriate information...) at the moment on the Hausa Wikipedia: [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] and myself. Your support would be much appreciated: we just need you to add "<nowiki>*'''Support''' --~~~~</nowiki>" [[Wikipedia:Kofan_al'umma#Neman_Administrator|here]] and [[Wikipedia:Kofan_al'umma#Gudanarwa/administrator_2|here]]. Thanks a lot/Nagode sosai, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 05:39, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Congrats == Dear The Living love, Congrats on your recent contributions improving the Hausa Wikipedia! Just a few suggestions for translating from English: for references, since the Hausa Wikipedia does not have all the templates they have on the English Wikipedia, it is much better to use the very simple <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> (for instance: <nowiki><ref>Bernard Caron da Ahmed Amfani, ''Dictionnaire français-haoussa''.</ref></nowiki>), otherwise the templates will not work and there will error messages, some content will not show up... To display the reference at the bottom of the article you can use <nowiki><references/></nowiki>, in a section like <nowiki>== Mazanarta ==</nowiki>, for instance (a friend told be it was an appropriate Hausa translation for references, but feel free to do otherwise). For pictures, if you use only <nowiki>[[File:Picture]]</nowiki> there will be a problem with the size of the image, so for a better rendition you can use <nowiki>[[File:Picture|thumb|right]]</nowiki> : the picture will be smaller and will appear at the top right of the article. You can also use the Databox template (adding <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> at the top of the article) and it will show an information box with information from Wikidata at the top right of the article. Nagode sosai! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 09:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) Godiya nake da samun wannan Karin hasken [[User: DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 11:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == WAM Organizers Update == Hi WAM Organizer! Hopefully, everything works just fine so far! '''[[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018|Need Help Button''', post in any language is fine]] * Here are some recent updates and clarification of rules for you, and as always, let me know if you have any idea, thought or question. ** Additional souvenirs (e.g. postcard) will be sent to Ambassadors and active organizers. ** A participant's article count is combined on all language Wikipedias they have contributed to ** Only Wikipedia Asian Month on Wikipedia or Wikivoyage projects count (no WikiQuote, etc.) ** The global top 3 article count will only be eligible on Wikipedias where the WAM article requirement is at least 3,000 bytes and 300 words. ** If your community accepts an extension for articles, you should set up a page and allow participants to submit their contributions there. ** In case of redirection not allowed submitting in Fountain tool, a workaround is to delete it, copy and submit again. Or a submission page can be used too. ** Please make sure enforce the rules, such as proper references, notability, and length. ** International organizers will double check the top 3 users' accepted articles, so if your articles are not fulfilling the rules, they might be disqualified. We don't want it happened so please don't let us make such a decision. Please feel free to contact me and WAM team on [[m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018|meta talk page]], send me an email by Email this User or chat with me on facebook. For some languages, the activity for WAM is very less, If you need any help please reach out to us, still, 12 more days left for WAM, Please encourage your community members to take part in it. If you no longer want to receive the WAM organizer message, you can remove your username at [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikipedia Asian Month Organisers|this page]]. Best Wishes,<br /> Sailesh Patnaik<br /> <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=18557757 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? ; Tool problem : If you faced problem submitting articles via judging tool, use [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/late submit|this meta page]] to do so. Please spread this message with local participants. ; Here are what will come after the end of WAM * Make sure you judge all articles before December 7th, and participants who can improve their contribution (not submit) before December 10th. * Participates still can submit their contribution of November before December 5th at [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/late submit|'''this page''']]. Please let your local wiki participates know. Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Status|'''this page''']] after December 7th * There will be three round of address collection scheduled: December 15th, December 20th, and December 25th. * Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Ambassadors|'''on this page''']], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. * There will be a progress page for the postcards. ; Some Questions * In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[:m:User:Ле Лой|Le Loi]] for more information. Thanks again, Regards <br> [[User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:59, 3 Disamba 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=18652404 --> ==Please contact me== Hi, The living love Please contact me via [[special:emailuser/ammarpad|my email]] or send your mobile contact. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:42, 6 Disamba 2018 (UTC) :Barka da aiki [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], inason sanar dakai cewan ina neman Administrator anan [[Wikipedia:Kofan_al'umma#Nema/Request_Administrator|Nema/Request Administrator]], dafatan zaka duba ko zaka goyi baya na. Nagode.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 04:02, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Yayi kyau, nayi magana a can. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 08:35, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == Duplicate articles == Hi The Living Love, Just to let you know that there are already articles on [[Mohammed Buba Marwa]] (I have already merged the two articles) and [[Isah]] ([[Isa Almasihu]], maybe it is better if you can add the content to this article directly). If you want to check if there is already an article in Hausa, the best way to do so is to check on Wikidata, this way you will immediately see if there is another article, maybe with another name. It's easy to create a redirect using <nowiki>#REDIRECT [[Name of the article]]</nowiki>. Nagode sosai! Thanks again for your amazing contributions to the project, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:53, 7 Disamba 2018 (UTC) Thanks! [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I would like to let you know that, most of the articles duplicated were created with a different spellings, although I tried to make Redirect when I come across them, but articles like this [[Uosaine dan Ali]] instead of AlHusain or Hussain Dan/Bin Ali were totally misspelled. But anyway I'll check the wikidata first as you suggested. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 11:56, 9 Disamba 2018 (UTC) == WAM Postcard collection == Dear organiser, Thanks for your patience, I apologise for the delay in sending the Google form for address collection. Please share [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform this form] and the message with the participants who created 4 or more than 4 articles during WAM. We will send the reminders directly to the participants from next time, but please ask the participants to fill the form before January 10th 2019. Things to do: #If you're the only organiser in your language edition, Please accept your article, keeping the WAM guidelines in mind. #Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Ambassadors|'''on this page''']], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. #Please update the status of your language edition in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Status|'''this page''']]. Note: This form is only accessed by WAM international team. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. If you have problems accessing the google form, you can use [[:m:Special:EmailUser/Saileshpat|Email This User]] to send your address to my Email. Thanks :) --[[:m:User:Saileshpat|Saileshpat]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:15, 19 Disamba 2018 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=18711123 --> :Hello [[:m:User:Saileshpat|Saileshpat]], I didn't receive any postcards yet.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 05:30, 22 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Invitation to Organize Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo subtitled b (transparent).svg|frameless|right]] [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Wiki Loves Love]] (WLL) is an International photography competition of Wikimedia Commons to subject love testimonials happening in the month of February 2019. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. February is around the corner and Wiki Loves Love team invites you to organize and promote WLL19 in your country and join hands with us to celebrate love and document it on Wikimedia Commons. The theme of 2019 is '''Festivals, ceremonies and celebrations of love'''. To organize Wiki Loves Love in your region, sign up at WLL [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Organise|Organizers]] page. You can also simply support and spread love by helping us [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|translate]] the commons page in your local language which is open for translation. The contest starts runs from 1-28 February 2019. Independent from if there is a local contest organised in your country, you can help by making the photo contest Wiki Loves Love more accessible and available to more people in the world by translating the upload wizard, templates and pages to your local language. See for an overview of templates/pages to be translated at our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Translations|Translations page]]. Imagine...The sum of all love! [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/International Team|Wiki Loves Love team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:33, 6 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wiki_Loves_Love&oldid=18760999 --> == Gayyata zuwa fassara == Barka dai! Yanzu ana iya fassara shafuka kai tsaye daga wasu harsunan zuwa Hausa da taimakon google. Na gode! [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 16:42, 12 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Barka ka dai Engr. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis| Muhammad Khamis]] Inason Karin haske/bayani, ta yadda abun yake. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 08:38, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Tsarin na aiki ne da google translate, idan ka danna sakin-layi zai fassara maka kai-tsaye. Ziyarci https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation domin gwadawa. Na gode! [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 20:53, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) == Articles on US States == Dear The Living love, Thanks for all your amazing contributions to the project! I am considering creating articles for the 50 US States: could you tell me if [[User:DonCamillo/Wyoming|this pattern]] is alright, and correct me if the Hausa I use is wrong? In particular I am not sure about "kilomita murraba'i" to say "square kilometer". A friend who speaks Hausa as a second language told me that, but I cannot find it anywhere else online. Thanks a lot, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:19, 29 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Nagode sosai! [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], The pattern is alright, and the " kilomita murabba'i" is exactly the alternative phrase for "square kilometres". Thank you so much. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 09:51, 29 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Nagode sosai! Zan kirkira mukaloli hamsin game da jihohin Tarayyar Amuraka. –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:36, 29 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Yayi kyau sosai, ina ganin kamar na kirkiri [[Hawaii]] daga ciki. Thanks. ==BARKA DAI== The Living Love, ina maka fatan alkhairi, naga contributions dinka da yawa da kayi kuma ina so ka sani da dama nayi contribution ta hanyar samun kwarin gwuiwa daga irin kokarin da kake yi. Abu na gaba kuma shine Dan Allah indai da hali to inaso na samu contact dinka ko na Facebook ko Instagram ko Phone number domin ina so na rinka tattaunawa da kai. Nagofe = [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 23:11, 30 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) OK, Nagode sosai. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 23:29, 30 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) ==Email== Barka dai The Living Love, Kamar yadda ka bukaci na baka Email dina to ga shi (xxxxxx@gmail.com) Nagode - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 09:55, 4 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) == PHP7 == Dan Allah inaso kayi min Karin bayanini akan PHP7 - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:25, 26 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Madalla [[user:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubkar]], PHP7 software ne da Wikipedia ke amfani dashi a dukkanin projects ɗinta, ganin cewa a baya an daina amfani dashi sai aka fara amfani da '''HHVM''', bayan sake inganta shi ayanzu andawo da amfani dashi, idan kanason fara amfani dashi kaima, kawai kaje Preferences ɗinka, ka duba sashen "''Beta features''"; sai kayi makin ƙaramin akwatin dake gefensa. Don ƙarin bayani zaka iya shiga kan liƙau ɗin PHP7 ɗin, zai kaika shafin "mediaWiki" inda ake tattauna canje-canje akan softwares din da Wikipedia ke amfani dasu, kuma zaka iya yin tambaya anan. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 00:48, 27 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) == Notice == Please yi copying abunda ke [[User:Ammarpad/sandbox]] zuwa [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]. Sanna ka canza daga 0 zuwa 1 a [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice id]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 15:50, 8 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) :Ok, done.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 19:38, 8 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) ::Yawwa, saura wannan [[MediaWiki:Anonnotice]], ka canza shi zuwa ( - ). Amma banda bracket ɗin. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 05:25, 9 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) :::Na duba amma banga inda zan canja ba?.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 09:09, 9 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) ::::Zaka ma iya cire shi yanzu duka. Zan kiraka a waya daga baya. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 23 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) :::Toh shikenan! Sai naji ka.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 05:10, 24 ga Afirilu, 2019 (UTC) ::::Please ka goge wannan site notice din: [[MediaWiki:Sitenotice]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:07, 4 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Saƙon sannu d zuwa == Hi The Living love, idan zaka ba mutane saƙon sannu da zuwa ka dinga substituting ɗin message din domin ya zuba duka rubutun kuma yayi ma signing da sunanka. Ka dinga rubuta <nowiki>{{subst:sannu da zuwa}}</nowiki> a madadin <nowiki>{{sannu da zuwa}}</nowiki>. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:56, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) :Ok toh, Nagode.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 13:11, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Traductions == Salut, Peux-tu traduire le modèle [[Template:Infobox biography]] en hausa ? *Voici les pages qu'il faut modifier (Il suffit de modifier les valeurs qui se trouvent à droite): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. D'avance, merci. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 00:50, 3 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) :Yes [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]], I will do that. Merci.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 04:05, 3 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) :: Thanks! When I'll create an Infobox for species I'll come back to you once again :p Btw sorry to have spoken to you in french: I've mistaken you for another user. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 21:01, 3 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) :::You're welcome, thank you so much for the improvement of this project, no problem about the language. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 21:46, 3 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) :::: Thanks TLV, now here's the Infobox that needs localization: [[Template:Automatic taxobox/localize]], I did not provide all the necessary items (I'll finish that another day), but it's much more better looking than the generic Databox for species. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 23:55, 3 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) :that's great Sami, it means, it will be even easier to edit than the generic databox as well. Thank you.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 06:03, 4 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) Hello Living Love, I've redirected the generic databox used by language related articles to the language infobox, it just needs to be localized at [[Template:Infobox language/localize]] (right-hand side values). [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 22:43, 26 ga Augusta, 2019 (UTC) :OK Thanks, I will localize it. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 08:48, 27 ga Augusta, 2019 (UTC) Hello Living Love, I have a new localization request for you [[Template:Infobox physical geography/localize|here]]. Also, the following css tag needs to be copy-pasted to [[MediaWiki:Vector.css]]: <pre>#coordinates { position: absolute; top: 0em; right: 0em; float: right; margin: 0em; padding: 0em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; text-indent: 0; font-size: 85%; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap; }</pre> [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 21:59, 5 Satumba 2019 (UTC) Hello Mustapha, I have a new localization request for you [[Template:Infobox physical geography/localize|here]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 16:32, 20 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :OK [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]], I will. Thank you so much. <span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> <sup><samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp></sup> 17:18, 20 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == Wslm == Na ga sakonka na kuma gode sosai...-------- Nagode [[User:Musaddam Idriss|Musaddam Idriss]] ([[User talk:Musaddam Idriss|talk]]) 08:10, 9 ga Augusta, 2019 (UTC) == Community Insights Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Share your experience in this survey''' Hi {{PAGENAME}}, The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with {{SITENAME}} and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. Please take 15 to 25 minutes to '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0pSrrkJAKVRXPpj?Target=CI2019List(meafwps,act5) give your feedback through this survey]'''. It is available in various languages. This survey is hosted by a third-party and [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights_2019_Survey_Privacy_Statement governed by this privacy statement] (in English). Find [[m:Community Insights/Frequent questions|more information about this project]]. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey. Sincerely, </div> [[User:RMaung (WMF)|RMaung (WMF)]] 00:49, 7 Satumba 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RMaung (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CI2019List(meaf_wps,act5)&oldid=19352813 --> == Community Insights Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Share your experience in this survey''' Hi {{PAGENAME}}, The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with {{SITENAME}} and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. Please take 15 to 25 minutes to '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0pSrrkJAKVRXPpj?Target=CI2019List(meafwps,act5) give your feedback through this survey]'''. It is available in various languages. This survey is hosted by a third-party and [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights_2019_Survey_Privacy_Statement governed by this privacy statement] (in English). Find [[m:Community Insights/Frequent questions|more information about this project]]. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey. Sincerely, </div> [[User:RMaung (WMF)|RMaung (WMF)]] 00:50, 7 Satumba 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RMaung (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CI2019List(meaf_wps,act5)&oldid=19352813 --> == Community Insights Survey == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> '''Share your experience in this survey''' Hi {{PAGENAME}}, The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with {{SITENAME}} and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation. Please take 15 to 25 minutes to '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0pSrrkJAKVRXPpj?Target=CI2019List(meafwps,act5) give your feedback through this survey]'''. It is available in various languages. This survey is hosted by a third-party and [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights_2019_Survey_Privacy_Statement governed by this privacy statement] (in English). Find [[m:Community Insights/Frequent questions|more information about this project]]. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey. Sincerely, </div> [[User:RMaung (WMF)|RMaung (WMF)]] 00:56, 7 Satumba 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RMaung (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=CI2019List(meaf_wps,act5)&oldid=19352813 --> ==I NEED YOU== Please i need to speak with you, here is my number (+2349077351153) give a text indicating that it's you , text only please. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 20:16, 28 Satumba 2019 (UTC) :;OK, I will text you. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 20:40, 28 Satumba 2019 (UTC) == Invitation from WAM 2019 == [[File:WAM logo without text.svg|right|200px]] Hi WAM organizers! Hope you are all doing well! Now it's a great time to '''[[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019#Communities_and_Organizers|sign up for the 2019 Wikipedia Asian Month]]''', which will take place in November this year (29 days left!). Here are some updates and improvements we will make for upcoming WAM. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to discuss on [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|the meta talk page]]. #Please add your language project by 24th October 2019. Please indicate if you need multiple organisers by 29th October. #Please update your community members about you being the organiser of the WAM. #We want to host many onsite Edit-a-thons all over the world this year. If you would like to host one in your city, please [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Onsite edit-a-thon|take a look and sign up at this page]]. #Please encourage other organizers and participants to sign-up [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikipedia Asian Month Organisers|in this page]] to receive updates and news on Wikipedia Asian Month. #If you no longer want to receive the WAM organizer message, you can remove your username at [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikipedia Asian Month Organisers|this page]]. Reach out the WAM team here at the [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|meta talk page]] if you have any questions. Best Wishes,<br /> [[User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:03, 2 Oktoba 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=19195667 --> == Wikipedia Watan Asiya 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Muna Gaisuwa! Mungode da shirya gasar '''Wikipedia Watan Asiya na 2019''' a Wikipedia ta harshen Hausa. Dan samun tsari da yadda zaku shigar da Wikipedia ta harshen Ku, duba nan [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|wannan shafi]] dake a Meta. Dan Neman taimako dangane da gasar ko yin tambayoyi, a same mu a shafi [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Neman buƙata]]. Mutanen mu na [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] na nan, zasu taimake ku a koda yaushe Luke neman taimako har a kammala gasar. Mungode da ƙoƙarin Ku na ganin wannan aiki ya samu nasara. Muna matuƙar godiya, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::kasance da shafukan mu a [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] dan samun ƙarin bayanai. </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:46, 2 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> ==Canjin suna== Ina mai sanar da kai cewa ina bukatar ka canza ma wasu Makulolin dana kirkira suna, saboda sunan bai dace da su ba, sune kamar haka * [[Parisa]] zuwa [[Farisa]] A kullun naka [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 10:48, 3 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) :OK, shike nan, Barka da ƙoƙari Nagode.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 12:34, 3 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) == Matsala game da User talk dina== Slm, ban san meyasa ba, idan nayi signing ta hanya amfani da tilde gu hudu user talk dina baya fitowa.Anasskoko 13:26, 12 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) :Yi signing anan ƙasa mugani.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 11:44, 13 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:12, 27 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == Godiya == Nagode. Nayi rubuce-rubuce akan abubuwa da yawa wanda nake gannin ya kamata ace in hausawa sunyi search su samu a wikipedia. To matsalar itace wikipedian ma ban iya amfani daahi ba. Amman; tunda ga ka to insha Allah nasan komai zai zo min da sauki. [[User:BinUsman01|BinUsman01]] ([[User talk:BinUsman01|talk]]) 00:11, 6 December, 2019 (UTC) == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:30, 14 Disamba 2019 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:16, 3 ga Janairu, 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:58, 20 ga Janairu, 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == LTA creating microstub pages == Hi, could you take a look at [[Special:Contributions/194.68.44.74]] amd nuke if appropriate? The IP is a LTA called Decker and he creates micro stubs over crosswiki. [[User:Masumrezarock100|Masumrezarock100]] ([[User talk:Masumrezarock100|talk]]) 04:34, 21 ga Janairu, 2020 (UTC) :OK, I have taken a look, well the articles can be maintained although they contain same information, I will try and correct all of them. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 06:07, 22 ga Janairu, 2020 (UTC) == Wrong Language New Pages== Hello, [[User:The Living love]] There are new spammers in Hausa wiki that copy and paste English Articles into Hausa wiki which requires Administration attention for speedy deletion, such Users are violating Wikipedia policy. A warning has to be given to them, if they did not stop, then Block them from editing Ha.wikipedia. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 08:41, 16 ga Faburairu, 2020 (UTC) :Barka da kokari [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]], Tabbas na lura da duk ayyukan shi, sai dai kawai na zaci yana fassara ne manually, saboda akwai shafukan daya fara kirkira naga dukkanin su mafi yawan zancen an fassara su. amma duka abunda yasa wadanda ba Hausa bane zan goge su. tunda ka tunatar dashi bari mu gani ko zai cigaba da sanyawa sannan a dauki mataki tukun.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 11:34, 16 ga Faburairu, 2020 (UTC) ::Aikin da yayi marasa fassara kwata kwata a gogesu, wanda kuma za'a iya gyarawa sai mu gyara. Sanna ayi mai kashedi mai tsauri. Ko kuma a saka shi a hanya in zai gyara. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 11:39, 16 ga Faburairu, 2020 (UTC) :::wannan abu ne mai kyau, nima kaina baso nake Inga ana zance da turanci a nan ba, saboda a nan Hausa tsantsa muke son gani Kuma muji, bawai wani harshe na daban ba, wanda bazai yi ba, ina ganin to bazai iya taimako a wannan Wikipedian ba. Nagode.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love#top|talk]]) 11:47, 16 ga Faburairu, 2020 (UTC) ==Wiki loves love Affliation organisers== Ya kamata kayi Including din Usergroup din mu a cikin organisers na Wiki Loves love(Folklore) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Love_2019/Organize_Local_Events Saboda Usergroup din mu ya kamata a ce suna participating a project daban daban, musamman ma kasancewar mu saban Usergroup domin samun experience da nagartan aikin. Sannan hakan zai jawo ma Hausa wiki karbuwa a bangarori daban dan. Nagode. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 11:56, 16 ga Faburairu, 2020 (UTC) == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == Mene ne "sayinin da tilde?" == Ina son samun karin bayani dangane da bayanin da aka yi na "sayinin da tilde guda hudu" ([[User:Hafiz Koza Adamu|Hafiz Koza Adamu]] ([[User talk:Hafiz Koza Adamu|talk]]) 06:49, 21 ga Afirilu, 2020 (UTC)). Me hakan ke nufi kuma ya zan aiwatar da shi a rubuce-rubucena da ke zuwa? Na gode. Sunana Hafiz Adamu Koza. :Naji dadin wannan tambayar [[User:Hafiz Koza Adamu|Hafiz Koza Adamu]], shi sa hannu da rubuta '''tilde''' guda hudu shine bayan ka gama rubutu ko tattaunawa da wani a shafin wikipedia, akan ka tafi kawai batare da ka rubuta sunan ka ba, wanda hakan zai sa wanda ka tattauna dashi bazai san waye ya masa magana ba, shine aka takaita ta hanyar code, sai kawai ka sanya '''<NOWIKI>~~~~</NOWIKI>''' (wato tilde) guda hudu, komfutan zai sanya sunan ka da kwanan wata da lokacin da kayi rubutun batare da bata lokaci ba. Da fatan ka fahimata.<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> <sup><samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp></sup> 08:17, 21 ga Afirilu, 2020 (UTC) == Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign == Hello Wikipedians, This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign. With kind regards, Thank you, Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hasley@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&oldid=20190228 --> == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:58, 20 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == Hello == Please ka kira number ta, na kira ka ban samunka. Na yima email kuma. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 27 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) == Inada bukatan taimakon ka == Assalamu alaikum,[[User:M-Mustapha]] sannunka, kuma barka da aiki, ina mai sanar da kai cewa ina son zan saka sunanka a cikin wadanda zasu taimaka wajen ganin cewa an tallata shafin Hausa Wikipedia a sassan yanar gizo, a karkashen gidauniyar furojet din da zan amsa a meta, [[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid/Hausa_Wikipedia_online_awareness.#Impact]] ina fatan zaka nuna amincewar ka ta hanyan maramin baya a lokacin da zan yi submitting din draft din dan dubawa.---- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(magana)</sup>]][[Special:Contributions/Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(aiki)</sup>]] 11:43, 30 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) == Ni == Asslamu a laikun munjidadin wannan umarni da aka bamu amma muna bukatar karin wayar da kai dangane da tsara rubutu koda lokacin yin gyara nagode ([[User:Mudansir mande|Mudansir mande]] ([[User talk:Mudansir mande|talk]]) 16:04, 13 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC)). == Gyaran Page din DRAFT — EN.Wiki == <p> Em-Em! Nayi gyara na sake Re-Submitting draft page din “Zayn Africa” a English Wikipedia. Ina so ka taimakeni kayi reviewing: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft:Zayn_Africa Nagode. [[User:Themajidi|Themajidi]] ([[User talk:Themajidi|talk]]) 15:50, 22 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC)</p> == Magana kan Jam'iyar Sen.Mohammed Ali Ndume. == Kamar yanda aka sa Sanata Mohammed Ali Ndume a jam'iyar PDP, gaskiya dan jam'iyar APC ne yanzu haka kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafinshi na Wikipedia na turanci. Yakama ta a canzashi. [[User:Sadeeqzaria|Sadeeqzaria]] ([[User talk:Sadeeqzaria|talk]]) 18:28, 23 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC) :Toh madalla [[User:Sadeeqzaria|Sadeeqzaria]], Ai amatsayin ka na mai taimakawa a Wikipedia, kaima kana iya gyarawa da kanka, sai dai na duba shafin ba amma ba kuskure bane, cewa akayi ya zama sanata a karkashin jam'iyar PDP, wanda hakane bayani fitarsa daga ANPP PDP yakoma sannan bayani yaci zabe yakoma APC. Amma idan kana buƙatan yadda zaka yi gyara a Wikipedia, zaka iya tuntuba na. <span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> <sup><samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp></sup> 21:01, 23 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC) == Wikidata weekly summary #432 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Rob Fernandez (Wikimedia District of Columbia) on Listeria, a tool that uses SPARQL queries to define a list, and provides a bot that will update a wiki page containing that list if the results of that SPARQL query change, all based on Wikidata, 08 September. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GeKcUNdoWKwKz0T-bxR6GG6EM8FLzEHuvv9aOIYLZZ8/edit?usp=sharing Agenda] ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, September 8 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #19 [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2757430611208765/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qI8aF77r7A YouTube], September 10 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#29|Online Wikidata editathon in Swedish #29]], September 13 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://professional.wiki/en/news/semantic-wikibase-released Semantic Wikibase has been released] by [https://professional.wiki/ Professional.Wiki] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovZl_ZoGkc0 Demo video]) ** Video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #18, workflows for SPARQL queries and QuickStatements [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2751141135171046/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NgCzu2lX9w YouTube] ** [https://openrefine.org/download.html OpenRefine 3.4] was released ** [https://addshore.com/2020/09/wikidata-dams/ How can I get data on all the dams in the world? Use Wikidata]. By [[:d:User:Addshore|Addshore]] ** Wikidata Training Workshop 2, by Canadian Arts Presenting Association - YouTube *** Contributing to Wikidata - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBLGtfB5PZQ 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTFXPMX-JPI 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kroUL7DJOPs 3] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdndwyFgLPY 4]) *** Contributing to Wikidata (in French) - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3bb_5hQIqI 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cszeXU2pEXU&t=189s 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGoUDc-VeCI 3] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYjAUJCgUCA 4]) ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql7gC91eWss How to use QuickStatements - a tool to bulk upload data onto Wikidata]. By Dr Sara Thomas * '''Tool of the week''' ** <code>[https://wmdeanalytics.wmflabs.org/WD_percentUsageDashboard/ wmdeanalytics.wmflabs.org/WD_percentUsageDashboard]</code> is a dashboard that measures Wikidata's usage and coverage on Wikimedia Foundation projects. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:Wikidata:Entity Explosion|Entity Explosion]], the browser add-on [https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/entity-explosion/bbcffeclligkmfiocanodamdjclgejcn for Chrome] is now also [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-GB/firefox/addon/entity-explosion/ available for Firefox]. When the user visits a web page, it displays data from Wikidata, about the subject of that page. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: none *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8573|LSG local body code]], [[:d:Property:P8574|NYARC Discovery ID]], [[:d:Property:P8575|Encyclopaedia of Architects, Vienna 1770–1945 ID]], [[:d:Property:P8576|Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija ID]], [[:d:Property:P8577|ICP artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P8578|TracesOfWar person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8579|Firefox add-on ID]], [[:d:Property:P8580|NHK Archives Portal person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8581|Hrvatski biografski leksikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8582|InciWeb ID]], [[:d:Property:P8583|YUAG ID]], [[:d:Property:P8584|Wikipedia Library partner ID]], [[:d:Property:P8585|FIPRESCI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8586|Anais do Museu Paulista article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8587|Legacies of British Slave-ownership place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8588|Wisconsin Historical Society NRHP ID]], [[:d:Property:P8589|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applies to form or aspect|applies to form or aspect]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/blocked on the territory of|blocked on the territory of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Liturgical category|Liturgical category]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flickr image URL|Flickr image URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/turning radius|turning radius]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of reboots|number of reboots]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/financials URL|financials URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SI base units|SI base units]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/rank insignia2|rank insignia2]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Syro-Malabar Church Parish ID|Syro-Malabar Church Parish ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Database of Umgebinde houses in Bohemian Switzerland ID|Database of Umgebinde houses in Bohemian Switzerland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Re-Member ID|Re-Member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DIL ID|DIL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naver Vibe Artist ID|Naver Vibe Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Battlefield Trust battlefield ID|American Battlefield Trust battlefield ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Battlefield Trust person ID|American Battlefield Trust person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/L'Officiel des spectacles ID|L'Officiel des spectacles ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VA facility ID|VA facility ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hikr Waypoint ID|Hikr Waypoint ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/tvmaze ID|tvmaze ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia ID|Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danish educational institution number|Danish educational institution number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Past Fellow of the Royal Society ID|Past Fellow of the Royal Society ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/photoLondon ID|photoLondon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/uta-net.com song ID|uta-net.com song ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historic Montana ID|Historic Montana ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KHRI ID|KHRI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Seattle Art Museum ID|Seattle Art Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art artwork ID|Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_COVID-19/Queries#Map_of_organisations%2Fcompanies_developing%2Fmanufacturing_a_vaccine_in_trials|Map of companies developing/manufacturing a COVID-19 vaccine candidate that is at least in a phase 1 clinical trial]] *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3Fosm%20%3Famount%20%3Fiso4217%20%3FamountUSD%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Currencies%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcurrency%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ8142%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Their%20ISO%204217%20codes%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP498%20%3Fiso4217%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Their%20exchange%20rate%20statements%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20p%3AP2284%20%3FrateStatement.%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Preferred%20statement%20about%20a%20USD%20exchange%20rate%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FrateStatement%20wikibase%3Arank%20wikibase%3APreferredRank%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP2284%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AquantityAmount%20%3FpreferredConversion%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AquantityUnit%20wd%3AQ4917%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Normal%20statement%20about%20a%20USD%20exchange%20rate%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FrateStatement%20wikibase%3Arank%20wikibase%3ANormalRank%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP2284%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AquantityAmount%20%3FnormalConversion%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AquantityUnit%20wd%3AQ4917%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Normally%20a%20triple%20would%20use%20the%20preferred%20statement%20if%20available%2C%20falling%20back%20to%20a%20normal%20statement%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20However%2C%20we%20have%20to%20do%20the%20fallback%20manually%20because%20we%20got%20the%20raw%20statements%20in%20order%20to%20filter%20by%20qualifier%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28COALESCE%28%3FpreferredConversion%2C%20%3FnormalConversion%29%20AS%20%3Fconversion%29%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%20BOUND%28%3Fconversion%29%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20prices%20of%20services%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Acharge%20%3Fcharge.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Only%20flat%20fees%2C%20since%20rates%20by%20time%20are%20difficult%20to%20compare%20across%20service%20types%0A%20%20FILTER%20REGEX%28%3Fcharge%2C%20%22%5E%5B0-9%5D%2B%28%3F%3A%5C%5C.%5B0-9%5D%2B%29%3F%20%5BA-Z%5D%7B3%7D%24%22%29%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Parse%20the%20price%20and%20convert%20it%20from%20the%20local%20currency%20to%20USD%0A%20%20BIND%28xsd%3Adecimal%28STRBEFORE%28%3Fcharge%2C%20%22%20%22%29%29%20AS%20%3Famount%29%0A%20%20BIND%28STRAFTER%28%3Fcharge%2C%20%22%20%22%29%20AS%20%3Fiso4217%29%0A%20%20BIND%28%3Famount%20%2A%20%3Fconversion%20AS%20%3FamountUSD%29%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3FamountUSD%29%0ALIMIT%20100 A table of the 100 highest fees charged for using various kinds of facilities, normalized to United States dollars] - OSM/Wikidata query *** [https://w.wiki/bMb Youngest age of UK MPs leaving office since 1900] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1302361637626806276 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/bMi Longest time UK MPs lived after leaving office since 1900] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1302361637626806276 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/bSp British cabinet members with past military service] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1301939025121554432 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/bAf Earliest written record of 10 largest Czech cities] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1301424491747258368 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/b7P Churches dedicated to Czech patron St. Wenceslas (blue) and Moravian patrons St. Cyril and Methodeus (orange)] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1301179041840599040 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/bSg German municipality names ending with -in, -ing, -heim] ([https://twitter.com/austrianmaps/status/1302707949362651136 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Added Wikidata support to Japanese Wikivoyage. [[phab:T261451]] ** Investigating the nature of our training outliers to improve the way ORES automatically scores the quality of an Item. ** Working on error that sometimes causes Wikidata UI to report 2 error messages when saving a sitelink in an item. [[phab:T260869]] ** Completed various investigations to make an informed decision on the output format of WikibaseManifest files (automated configuration detection for toolbuilders) [[phab:T261285]] ** Completed various bug fixes and wrap-up tasks to conclude the major engineering work on the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/4604/ Federated Properties] project ** More work on Item Quality Scoring and Federated Properties [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 09 07|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:44, 7 Satumba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20427654 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #433 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Alternate disclosure policy|Alternate disclosure policy]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: The [[d:Q98918134|Workshop On Open Citations And Open Scholarly Metadata 2020]] took place in Bologna and online on September 9 and included a talk [[d:Q99196756|State of WikiCite in 2020]], available on Zenodo via [[:doi:10.5281/zenodo.4019954]]. ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, September 15 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday/Organise|Wikidata birthday organizers call]], September 16th at 13:00 UTC/GMT ** Upcoming video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #20: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2763521127266380/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5HY3GoUURc YouTube], September 19 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#30|Online Wikidata editathon in Swedish #30]], September 20 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Video: Youtuber [[d:Q7817504|Tom Scott]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALy6e7GbDRQ tries to answer the question ''What Is The Best Thing?''], using Wikidata to curate a collection of "things", and an online poll for people to vote on those things. ** "Our admiration for Wikidata and for the people who work with it knows no bounds. Having a single source of well modelled, massively interlinked, well managed data that anyone can query at the press of a button is a real thing of wonder." - [https://ukparliament.github.io/ontologies/meta/weeknotes/2020/36/ says] the UK Parliament data team ** [[:d:User:Csisc|Houcemeddine Turki]], et al. (2020). [[d:Q99196713|Using logical constraints to validate information in collaborative knowledge graphs: a study of COVID-19 on Wikidata]] ([http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4008359 Zenodo Preprint]). ** Video: Wikidata basics short videos by Wikimedian in Residence at University of Edinburgh (YouTube) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ve6807080X0 A brief intro to Wikidata and how to set up an account] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CuUgJK4L78 How to add a new item to Wikidata] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUYmIomIEqg How to add an image to Wikidata] ** Video: Creating a Mix'n'Match set for Queensland Biota on Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVIa7dlwHkg YouTube] ** Video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #19: Cradle and colours in queries. [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2757430611208765/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qI8aF77r7A YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' **[[w:Wikipedia:Mbabel|Mbabel]] is a tool that simplifies article creation by providing pre-made sentences based on Wikidata statements. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-September/095529.html The consultation phase for the Wikimedia movement Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) is in progress until 6 October 2020]. The UCoC drafting committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved? ** [[d:User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_of_lists_of_languages|All the lists of languages]] used on Wikidata: feel free to improve this draft documentation page. ** The Wikidata development team is seeking to evaluate and improve the process of collecting and reacting to bug reports and feature requests. You can give feedback about your experience using [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/index.php/apps/forms/qXk3e2LM98ebLcJb this anonymous form] until September 30<sup>th</sup> or add feedback publically to [[d:Wikidata talk:Contact_the_development_team/Process_review_2020|Wikidata talk:Contact the development team/Process review 2020]]. ** [https://wikimap.toolforge.org/?project=wikidata&commons=false WikiMap], a tool by [[d:User:DB111|User:DB111]] that maps geocoded images from Commons and Wikipedia articles, now supports Wikidata items as well ([[d:Q99232292|Q99232292]]) ** Wikidata QID's are approaching 9 digits. Now is the time to fix any code or schemas that assume that Q numbers are smaller than 9 characters. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8592|aerial view]], [[:d:Property:P8594|ride height]], [[:d:Property:P8596|category for the exterior of the item]], [[:d:Property:P8597|axle track]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8586|Anais do Museu Paulista article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8587|Legacies of British Slave-ownership place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8588|Wisconsin Historical Society NRHP ID]], [[:d:Property:P8589|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe ID]], [[:d:Property:P8590|Jewish Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8591|Grove Music Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P8593|Hikr waypoint ID]], [[:d:Property:P8595|DIL ID]], [[:d:Property:P8598|Seattle Art Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P8599|Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/expansion of|expansion of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oakeshott typology|Oakeshott typology]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slack URL|Slack URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TDD number|TDD number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hill size|Hill size]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/K point|K point]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of negative votes|number of negative votes]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of support votes|number of support votes]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historic Montana ID|Historic Montana ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KHRI ID|KHRI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KinoWiki ID|KinoWiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BD Gest' series ID|BD Gest' series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portugal. Dicionário Histórico ID|Portugal. Dicionário Histórico ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discord username|Discord username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/China Treaty Database ID|China Treaty Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discord channel|Discord channel]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bollywood Hungama movie|Bollywood Hungama movie]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NMC Heritage ID|NMC Heritage ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant d'un artiste département des arts graphiques du musée du Louvre|identifiant d'un artiste département des arts graphiques du musée du Louvre]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SPoT skater ID|SPoT skater ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Canadian Women Artists History Initiative ID|Canadian Women Artists History Initiative ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lambiek Special pages|Lambiek Special pages]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lambiek comic magazines|Lambiek comic magazines]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID|Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Delft municipal monument ID|Delft municipal monument ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** Shortest path of descent from Charlemagne to [https://w.wiki/btq George Washington], [https://w.wiki/btn George W. Bush], [https://w.wiki/btm Barack Obama], [https://w.wiki/btp Elizabeth II] <!-- and you can add more--> *** List of most recent common ancestors (ordered by number of total degrees separated) between [https://w.wiki/bt$ George Washington and George W. Bush] (9th cousin 8 times removed), [https://w.wiki/bu2 George Washington and Barack Obama] (12th cousin 9 times removed), [https://w.wiki/bu3 George Washington and Elizabeth II] (2th consin 7 times removed), [https://w.wiki/bu4 George W. Bush and Barack Obama] (11th cousin), [https://w.wiki/bty George W. Bush and Elizabeth II] (14th cousin once removed), [https://w.wiki/bu6 Barack Obama and Elizabeth II] (19th cousin 3 times removed) *** [https://w.wiki/bzp Artists that have recorded songs in several languages, by number of different languages used] ([https://twitter.com/tmtm/status/1304422373387460609 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/bk2 Average age of companies listed on major indices] ([https://twitter.com/ADssx/status/1303975951471173632 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/biG Basque Country sister cities with world municipalities] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1303811718343200771 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/b$X Map of companies developing/manufacturing a COVID-19 vaccine candidate that is at least in a phase 1 clinical trial] ([https://twitter.com/vrandezo/status/1305167966237908993 Source]) *** 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Map of mountains in Austria showing their heights; from red for the lowest through green to black for the highest] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1303969222222065664 Source]) *** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject sum of all paintings/Top World Heritage sites by number of paintings depicting them|Top World Heritage sites by number of paintings depicting them]] ([https://web.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2763191883965971/?__tn__=-R Source]) *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20%3Fosm%20%3FwdLabel%20%3FmaxPlayers%20%3Fcoordinates%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fv%20%3FwdLabel%20%3FmaxPlayers%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Query%20the%20OpenStreetMap%20Wiki%20for%20data%20items%20of%20tags%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fosmd%20osmdt%3AP10%20osmd%3AQ723%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20their%20key-value%20pairs%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20osmdt%3AP19%20%3Fkv%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20their%20corresponding%20Wikidata%20concepts%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20osmdt%3AP12%20%3Fqid.%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Convert%20the%20Wikidata%20QID%20from%20a%20string%20into%20a%20URL%2C%20which%20is%20how%20entities%20are%20normally%20represented%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28IRI%28CONCAT%28%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2F%22%2C%20%3Fqid%29%29%20AS%20%3Fwd%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Isolate%20the%20value%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28STRAFTER%28%3Fkv%2C%20%22%3D%22%29%20AS%20%3Fv%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20The%20matching%20Wikidata%20item%20as%20long%20as%20it%20is%20a%20team%20sport%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20%28wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279%29%2B%20wd%3AQ216048%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP1873%20%3FmaxPlayers.%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20As%20long%20as%20between%2010%20and%2020%20players%20would%20be%20on%20the%20field%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%3FmaxPlayers%20%3E%3D%2010%20%26%26%20%3FmaxPlayers%20%3C%3D%2020%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20item%E2%80%99s%20label%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FwdLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FwdLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20features%20tagged%20with%20this%20sport%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Asport%20%3Fv%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20osmm%3Aloc%20%3Fcoordinates.%0A%7D Map of sports pitches for team sports that require between 10 and 20 players on the field] - Wikidata/OSM query * '''Development''' ** Fixing an error that sometimes causes Wikidata UI to report 2 error messages when saving a sitelink in an Item instead of just one. ([[phabricator:T260869]]) ** Development of version one of [[phab:project/profile/4604/|Federated Properties]] has concluded! Expect an announcement with timing of the release of this feature soon. Wikibase users who want an early look at the feature are invited to reach out to participate in the pre-release testing round. ** Development of the WikibaseManifest extension has continued into its second sprint; we focused on determining a [[phab:T261285|product specification]] for the Manifest output. ** Finishing a draft documentation for a REST API to get it ready for a feedback round before implementation. ** Finished improvements to the automated scoring of the quality of Items with ORES. Still need to retrain ORES and deploy the changes before the scores are actually different though. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 09 14|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:16, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20441558 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #434 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Berlin/2020-09-29|Online Wikidata Introduction Workshop (German)]] (September 29) ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, September 21 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: A starting point for newer institutions to think through what is involved in coordinating a Wikidata project, including shared infrastructure, training, and documentation, 22 September. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WMvfeRGrZ6cAM8tsN4W56DHpZmpypP1Rb4gZKeTYUvc/edit# Agenda] ** Upcoming video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #21 WikiDojo: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2769265926691900/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2sujkCwHE0 YouTube], September 25 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** "[https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4028482 Representing COVID-19 information in collaborative knowledge graphs: a study of Wikidata]" ** [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2020/09/16/prowd-detecting-knowledge-imbalances-on-wikidata/ ProWD: Detecting Knowledge Imbalances on Wikidata] on blog.wikimedia.de ** Video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #20 WLM: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2763521127266380/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5HY3GoUURc YouTube] ** Video: Wikidata Training Workshop 3, by Canadian Arts Presenting Association (YouTube) *** Wikidata Query Service - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hS2poB8OezA 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGAcn_wfpUU 2] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmOgbMSfv4k 3]) *** Wikidata Query Service (in French) - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HirfIZ0yIts 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oc4RBMLL4DM 2] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBxotoY3M38 3]) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Abbe98/copy-qid.js|copy-qid]] is a user script by [[d:User:Abbe98|Abbe98]] that allows you to copy the Qid with one click. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The Wikidata development team is seeking to evaluate and improve the process of collecting and reacting to bug reports and feature requests. You can give feedback about your experience using [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/index.php/apps/forms/qXk3e2LM98ebLcJb this anonymous form] until September 30<sup>th</sup> or add feedback publically to [[d:Wikidata talk:Contact_the_development_team/Process_review_2020|Wikidata talk:Contact the development team/Process review 2020]]. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-September/014234.html WDQS/WCQS Status update] (September 2): "We are planning to spend more time doing some [[phab:T257045|analytics on our data]]. (1) What are the most expensive queries, what are they trying to achieve and is that reasonable? (2) Do we have performant subgraphs that we could expose independently?" * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8596|category for the exterior of the item]], [[:d:Property:P8597|axle track]], [[:d:Property:P8606|Stairway To Hell ID]], [[:d:Property:P8615|Oakeshott typology]], [[:d:Property:P8620|construction point]], [[:d:Property:P8621|turning radius]], [[:d:Property:P8622|hill size]], [[:d:Property:P8625|bibliography]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8598|Seattle Art Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P8599|Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P8600|TV Maze series ID]], [[:d:Property:P8601|Barcelona Public art ID]], [[:d:Property:P8602|University of Ghana Digital Collections (UGSpace) ID]], [[:d:Property:P8603|Istrapedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8604|OnlyFans person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8605|Linked Open Data Cloud identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8607|The Cutting Room Floor ID]], [[:d:Property:P8608|Fatcat ID]], [[:d:Property:P8609|China Treaty Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P8610|e-GOV law ID]], [[:d:Property:P8611|Portugal. Dicionário Histórico ID]], [[:d:Property:P8612|past Fellow of the Royal Society ID]], [[:d:Property:P8613|Regesta Ecclesiastica Salisburgensia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8614|Slack organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P8616|Kansas Historic Resources Inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P8617|Historic Montana ID]], [[:d:Property:P8618|ITF player ID 2020]], [[:d:Property:P8619|BD Gest' series ID]], [[:d:Property:P8623|American Battlefield Trust battlefield ID]], [[:d:Property:P8624|P8624]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defining mutations|defining mutations]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/nombre d'essais marqués|nombre d'essais marqués]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Netflix maturity rating|Netflix maturity rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/held event|held event]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of paying subscribers|number of paying subscribers]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has census|has census]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID|Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Delft municipal monument ID|Delft municipal monument ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identificativo Ministero dell'interno|identificativo Ministero dell'interno]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dallas Museum of Art ID|Dallas Museum of Art ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cincinnati Art Museum ID|Cincinnati Art Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Energy Identification Code|Energy Identification Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedia Chat channel|Wikimedia Chat channel]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Symptom Ontology ID|Symptom Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MnDOT Historic Bridges ID|MnDOT Historic Bridges ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/monumentsauxmorts.fr ID|monumentsauxmorts.fr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/monumentsdememoire.fr ID|monumentsdememoire.fr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lower Sorbian place name ID|Lower Sorbian place name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Région Île-de-France ID|Région Île-de-France ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museen Dresden article ID|Museen Dresden article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Turkey's Culture Portal ID|Turkey's Culture Portal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPS place ID|NPS place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SSYK 2012|SSYK 2012]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fwd%20%3FwdLabel%20%3Fosm%20%3Fname%20%3Fcoordinates%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Prevent%20optimizer%20from%20querying%20for%20everything%20tagged%20with%20wikidata%3D%2A%20before%20querying%20the%20service.%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%20people%20or%20their%20namesakes%20who%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Belong%20to%20the%20Whig%20Party%20in%20the%20United%20States%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20wdt%3AP138%2A%2Fwdt%3AP102%20wd%3AQ42183.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20features%20that%20are%20named%20after%20this%20person%2C%20commemorate%20this%20person%2C%20or%20are%20their%20namesake%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20%28osmt%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Aname%3Aetymology%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Asubject%3Awikidata%29%20%3Fwd.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Get%20coordinates%20to%20display%20on%20a%20map%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmm%3Aloc%20%3Fcoordinates.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Get%20names%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Aname%20%3Fname%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D Map of anything that memorializes or is named after a Whig Party member] - OSM/Wikidata query *** [https://w.wiki/bKf Map of every railway station presently connected directly or indirectly to St Pancras on Wikidata] *** [https://w.wiki/ctj Age of the winners of the Tour de France] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1307681067365695491 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/cmT Location and date of death of Danish rulers] ([https://twitter.com/neogeografen/status/1307322642328936449 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/cPt Map of the places & causes of death of Roman Emperors] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1306300329873506305 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/cNn Images of members of the 16th Odisha Assembly (2019-24)] ([https://twitter.com/OdiaWiki/status/1306411583409590273 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/cvJ Star signs of Japanese Prime Ministers] ([https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1305835091088871429 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/czt Video game series with the longest time gap between a game and its direct sequel] ([https://twitter.com/JeanFred/status/1307992333103894528 Source]) * '''Development''' ** WQS now supports [[:mw:Wikidata Query Service/User Manual/MWAPI|mwapi]] service request for Wikibooks ([[phab:T261125]]) ** The language codes lij-mc, ja-Hira, ja-Kana, ja-Hrkt, ja-Hani, ojp, ojp-Hira and ojp-Hani" have been added for use in monolingual text property values ([[phab:T254968]], [[phab:T195816]]) ** The language codes de-1901, eo-hsistemo and eo-xsistemo, ja-hira, ja-kana and ja-hrkt have been added for Lexemes ([[phab:T262330]],[[phab:T257422]], [[phab:T250559]]) ** P1438 has been converted from string to external ID datatype ([[phab:T262198]]) ** Worked on fixing an input issue with invisible characters ([[phab:T261071]]) ** Investigating what work would be needed to get the new termbox that's available on mobile to also work on desktop ** Fixing several issues with Special:Undelete ([[phab:T261747]]) ** Fixing an error message being shown twice ([[phab:T260869]]) ** Starting the coding work on the Query Builder ** Continuing to write a draft for a REST API specification ** Finishing the remaining work needed to get the improved quality scoring for Items deployed to ORES ** Continuing work on [[phab:project/profile/4930/|WikibaseManifest]]: Determined the [[phab:T261285|essential metadata]] that will be included in the WikibaseManifest file, added some new features (mostly MediaWiki metadata) to the Manifest that were requested by the OpenRefine team ([[phab:T262805]] and [[phab:T262804]]) and set up a [https://wikibase-product-testing.wmflabs.org test system] that will soon be ready for tool builders to use for testing the integration of their tools with WikibaseManifest [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 09 21|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:00, 21 Satumba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20462970 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #435 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** [https://www.slideshare.net/jneubert/linking-the-20th-century-paper-history-to-the-sum-of-all-knowledge Linking the 20th century paper history to the sum of all knowledge] ([https://www.dublincore.org/conferences/2020/abstracts/#2 Best practice presentation] at DCMI Virtual 2020) ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, September 29 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: [[m:WikiNeocomensia/Atelier Wikidata 2020|WikiNeocomensia: Wikidata + OpenRefine]], workshop in Neuchâtel (Switzerland) and in French, October 3 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#32|Online Wikidata editathon in Swedish #32]], October 4 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions [IFLA] [https://www.ifla.org/node/93341 have published a series of six videos] "discussions with professionals in order to discuss projects, issues, progress of Wikidata, Wikibase and bibliographic data in the field of libraries." Currently available as [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLV81siTMahbsjakNDIdFwbIvdyNqwRNPo a playlist on YouTube] under CC-By (Wikimedia Commons upload soon), with subtitles in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French (Arabic and Chinese coming soon). The production was made by the [https://www.ifla.org/node/92837 IFLA Wikidata Working Group] and funded by a ''[[m:WikiCite|WikiCite]]'' grant. ** [https://thesciencemuseum.github.io/heritageconnector/post/2020/09/23/sidestepping-the-limitations-of-collections-catalogues-with-machine-learning-and-wikidata/ Sidestepping the limitations of collection catalogues with machine learning and Wikidata] ** [https://hal-udl.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02096714v1 Navigating the maze of Wikidata query logs] by Angela Bonifati, Wim Martens, Thomas Timm ** Video: Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #21 - WikiDojo on the Global Climate Strike: [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2769265926691900/ Facebook], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2sujkCwHE0 YouTube] ** Video: Wikidata tutorial for lecturers (in Czech) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykhKcznpU7Q YouTube] ** Video: Creating and enriching linked data with Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RApW2x4KJfw YouTube] ** Video: Mix'n'Match Tutorial - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qp2wbBg6Vqs YouTube] ** Video: Introduction to Wikidata for librarians (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=he_ezHMVtO8 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://github.com/nishad/omeka-s-wikidata omeka-s-wikidata] is an [https://omeka.org/s/ Omeka-S] module for auto-suggesting Wikidata URIs and labels. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The Wikidata development team is seeking to evaluate and improve the process of collecting and reacting to bug reports and feature requests. You can give feedback about your experience using [https://wolke.wikimedia.de/index.php/apps/forms/qXk3e2LM98ebLcJb this anonymous form] '''until September 30<sup>th</sup>''' or add feedback publically to [[d:Wikidata talk:Contact_the_development_team/Process_review_2020|Wikidata talk:Contact the development team/Process review 2020]]. ** Nominate your favorite tools for the [[m:Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2020]] before October 14th. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-September/014281.html Wikidata Walkabout] is a new site that lets you browse and drill down through different "classes" of data on Wikidata: [https://wikidatawalkabout.org/ wikidatawalkabout.org] ** [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.kristbaum.como Como] is a new Android app, that uses Wikidata lexemes and senses to create a word-guessing game. It let's players create new senses and tests them on other players to finally save them in Wikidata. The app is developed as part of a BA thesis, to determine if this concept is useful to create more lexicographical data, and testers would be very welcome. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8620|construction point]], [[:d:Property:P8621|turning radius]], [[:d:Property:P8622|hill size]], [[:d:Property:P8625|bibliography]], [[:d:Property:P8626|opening time]], [[:d:Property:P8627|closing time]], [[:d:Property:P8628|engine displacement]], [[:d:Property:P8646|expansion of]], [[:d:Property:P8652|Netflix maturity rating]], [[:d:Property:P8659|TDD number]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8623|American Battlefield Trust battlefield ID]], [[:d:Property:P8624|American Battlefield Trust ID (person)]], [[:d:Property:P8629|Occupational Outlook Handbook ID]], [[:d:Property:P8630|Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8631|Canadian Women Artists History Initiative ID]], [[:d:Property:P8632|Book Marks ID]], [[:d:Property:P8633|Re-Member ID]], [[:d:Property:P8634|SPoT skater ID]], [[:d:Property:P8635|NDL law ID]], [[:d:Property:P8636|McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8637|L'Officiel des spectacles ID]], [[:d:Property:P8638|British and Irish Furniture Makers Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P8639|Cincinnati Art Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P8640|Dallas Museum of Art ID]], [[:d:Property:P8642|FBref.com squad ID]], [[:d:Property:P8643|Dostoyevsky and His Entourage ID]], [[:d:Property:P8644|Lambiek comic magazines ID]], [[:d:Property:P8645|Energy Identification Code]], [[:d:Property:P8647|Library of Congress Children's Subject Headings ID]], [[:d:Property:P8648|Ministry of the Interior of Italy ID]], [[:d:Property:P8649|National Park Service place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8650|MnDOT Historic Bridges ID]], [[:d:Property:P8651|Open Civic Data Division ID]], [[:d:Property:P8653|Museen Dresden article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8654|SSYK 2012 The Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations]], [[:d:Property:P8655|LoC HABS/HAER/HALS place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8656|Symptom Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P8657|photoLondon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8658|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Regional Council of Tuscany ID|Regional Council of Tuscany ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/level of professionalness|level of professionalness]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defined in terms of|defined in terms of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/form of property constraint|form of property constraint]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Attraction to|Attraction to]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/group identity|group identity]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/analog television standard|analog television standard]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ritual object|ritual object]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of rooms|number of rooms]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USA Water Polo Hall of Fame ID|USA Water Polo Hall of Fame ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopaedia Beliana ID|Encyclopaedia Beliana ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indonesian prison database ID|Indonesian prison database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LinkedIn group ID|LinkedIn group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naver movie ID|Naver movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 film ID|CINE21 film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Movist film ID|Movist film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KOBIS-ID|KOBIS-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Max Movie film ID|Max Movie film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Boardr profile ID|The Boardr profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 person ID|Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Play developer slug|Google Play developer slug]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Passion Patrimoine ID|Passion Patrimoine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FVLB work ID|FVLB work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBC Sound Effects Asset ID|BBC Sound Effects Asset ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ITHL author ID|ITHL author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Quebec Dams Directory ID|Quebec Dams Directory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Doktori.hu ID|Doktori.hu ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%2A%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Prevent%20optimizer%20from%20querying%20for%20everything%20tagged%20with%20wikidata%3D%2A%20before%20querying%20the%20service%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20the%20MediaWiki%20API%20Query%20Service%20through%20the%20Wikidata%20Query%20Service%2C%20where%20it%20is%20enabled%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Amwapi%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20100%20most%20recent%20%3Cmapframe%3E%20or%20%3Cmaplink%3E%20additions%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%20articles%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Aapi%20%22Generator%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3Aendpoint%20%22en.wikipedia.org%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3Alimit%20100%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agenerator%20%22categorymembers%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Inserting%20%3Cmapframe%3E%20and%20%3Cmaplink%3E%20automatically%20adds%20an%20article%20to%20this%20category%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agcmtitle%20%22Category%3APages%20using%20the%20Kartographer%20extension%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Articles%2C%20not%20other%20namespaces%20like%20portals%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agcmnamespace%20%220%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Sort%20by%20most%20recent%20addition%20to%20the%20category%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agcmsort%20%22timestamp%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agcmdir%20%22descending%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agcmprop%20%22ids%7Ctitle%7Ctimestamp%22.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Output%20the%20title%2C%20Wikidata%20item%2C%20and%20last-edited%20timestamp%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftitle%20wikibase%3AapiOutput%20mwapi%3Atitle.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20wikibase%3AapiOutputItem%20mwapi%3Aitem.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftimestamp%20wikibase%3AapiOutput%20mwapi%3Atimestamp.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Some%20articles%20have%20no%20linked%20Wikidata%20item%20yet%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Leaving%20this%20variable%20unbound%20would%20cause%20the%20query%20to%20search%20for%20all%20Wikidata-tagged%20features%20in%20OpenStreetMap%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%28BOUND%28%3Fwd%29%29%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20features%20representing%20the%20subject%20of%20the%20article%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Awikidata%20%3Fwd.%0A%7D%0A%23%20Uncomment%20this%20line%20to%20sort%20the%20most%20recently%20edited%20articles%20to%20the%20top%2C%20regardless%20of%20when%20a%20map%20was%20added%20to%20the%20article%0A%23ORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Ftimestamp%29 Table of the 100 most recent additions of interactive OpenStreetMap maps to English Wikipedia articles] - OSM/Wikidata query *** [https://w.wiki/dHP Map of the birthplace of persons with an ELEM id on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/espejolento/status/1308828777917509632 Source]) * '''Development''' ** A long-standing bug has been fixed ([[phabricator:T217144|T217144]]) where Items and Lexemes <!-- in theory, also Properties, but I’m not aware of any tools that create Properties --> created via OAuth would not be added to the user’s watchlist even if the user had the <q>{{int:tog-watchcreations}}</q> setting enabled. (The <q>{{int:tog-watchdefault}}</q> setting was probably likewise ineffective, but this was not tested specifically.) Affected tools include [[d:Help:QuickStatements|QuickStatements]], [[d:Wikidata:Mix-n-Match|Mix'n'Match]], and [[d:Wikidata:Wikidata Lexeme Forms|Wikidata Lexeme Forms]]; users of these and other tools may see more pages being added to their watchlists now. (This only applies to new edits and page creations; previously created or edited pages will not be automatically added to the watchlist retroactively.) ** Working on the basic building blocks of the Query Builder towards making it possible to create the first very simple query with it ** Talking to people about comparing Wikidata's data against other databases and flagging mismatches ** Fixing an issue with Item creations via the API by blocked users leading to skipped entity IDs ([[phab:T232620]]) ** Fixed an input issue with invisible characters ([[phab:T261071]]) ** Finishing the draft of the REST API spec to get it ready for feedback ** WikibaseManifest: created a separate key for local entities and decided what we do about non-local entity sources based on tool-builder feedback ([[phab:T263527]]) and specifying the API in OpenApi format ([[phab:T262919]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 09 28|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:01, 28 Satumba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20478244 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20505700 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #436 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Fuzheado 2|Fuzheado]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Professor Toby Hudson on Entity Explosion, a browser extension which allows you to get information about entities on the web page you’re visiting, 06 October. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DI8UAx1wZFSNXgLq40RBTakNdaqGs89YfFaUBAude8U/ Agenda] ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata & Wikibase office hour]], October 27th at 17:00 CEST (15:00 GMT) ** Upcoming: plenty of events for the Wikidata birthday, check [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday|the calendar]] and feel free to [[d:Wikidata:Eighth_Birthday/Organise|organise one]]! * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://towardsdatascience.com/what-does-doesnt-follow-benford-s-law-7d0b3c14afa5 What does/doesn’t follow Benford’s law: An analysis of hundreds of sets of numbers from Wikidata]. ** Video: How to create and edit items on Wikidata (in Spanish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6K508sltGQ YouTube] ** Video: Introduction to Wikidata and wikiprojects of interest to librarians (in Spanish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltERICnCBY4 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' **[[w:User:Cobaltcigs/IllWill|IllWill.js]] is a userscript that searches Wikidata for foreign-language sitelinks, to populate [[w:Template:ill|Template:ill]] and replace plain red links on other Wikimedia projects. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://github.com/nishad/omeka-s-wikidata omeka-s-wikidata] is a new module for the open source GLAM collection management software [https://omeka.org/ Omeka], that allows cataloguers to use Wikidata as a vocabulary for persons, places, subjects, etc. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8659|TDD number]], [[:d:Property:P8667|twin town sign]], [[:d:Property:P8670|character designer]], [[:d:Property:P8671|Deutsche Bahn station code]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8653|Museen Dresden article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8654|SSYK 2012 The Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations]], [[:d:Property:P8655|LoC HABS/HAER/HALS place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8656|Symptom Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P8657|photoLondon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8658|Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ID]], [[:d:Property:P8660|Native Plants Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P8661|Lower Sorbian place name ID]], [[:d:Property:P8662|Les roses cultivées à l'Haÿ en 1902 ID]], [[:d:Property:P8663|Maniadb album ID]], [[:d:Property:P8664|USA Water Polo Hall of Fame ID]], [[:d:Property:P8665|Présence Compositrices work ID]], [[:d:Property:P8666|Regional Council of Tuscany ID]], [[:d:Property:P8668|Indonesian prison database ID]], [[:d:Property:P8669|Encyclopaedia Beliana ID]], [[:d:Property:P8672|Twitter topics ID]], [[:d:Property:P8673|Naver movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P8674|Bollywood Hungama movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P8675|BoardGameGeek family ID]], [[:d:Property:P8676|London Stock Exchange company ID]], [[:d:Property:P8677|Région Île-de-France ID]], [[:d:Property:P8678|Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Infobox based on|Infobox based on]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CompositionToday composers showcase ID|CompositionToday composers showcase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/parallel street|parallel street]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Factbook country code|World Factbook country code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/port calls|port calls]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/described at Wikipedia page|described at Wikipedia page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/erected by|erected by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PIM award ID|PIM award ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stadtwiki Dresden article|Stadtwiki Dresden article]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Quebec Dams Directory ID|Quebec Dams Directory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Doktori.hu ID|Doktori.hu ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CompositionToday composer ID|CompositionToday composer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 publishing house ID|Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 publishing house ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ACER code|ACER code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionnaire biographique du fouriérisme ID|Dictionnaire biographique du fouriérisme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NSW State Archives and Records Authority ID|NSW State Archives and Records Authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SwissLipids identifier|SwissLipids identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scottish Brick History Brick & Tileworks ID|Scottish Brick History Brick & Tileworks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Minecraft UUID|Minecraft UUID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Minecraft username|Minecraft username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Science Museum Group ID|Science Museum Group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kicker.de player ID (actual scheme)|Kicker.de player ID (actual scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RNACentral ID|RNACentral ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPS people ID|NPS people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Directory of Belgian Photographers-ID|Directory of Belgian Photographers-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dresden Street ID|Dresden Street ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spotify playlist ID|Spotify playlist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/eLm Birthplace of people named Michael or any other variant of the name] ([https://twitter.com/euwikipedia/status/1310952574967836674 Source]) *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fosm%20%3FmakeLabel%20%3FmodelLabel%20%3Flayer%20%3Fcoordinates%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Prevent%20optimizer%20from%20querying%20for%20everything%20tagged%20with%20wikidata%3D%2A%20before%20querying%20the%20service.%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20outdoor%20warning%20sirens%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Aemergency%20%22siren%22.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20make%20and%2For%20model%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fosm%20%28osmt%3Amanufacturer%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Asiren%3Amodel%3Awikidata%29%20%3FmakeModel.%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%20the%20make%2Fmodel%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20If%20it%E2%80%99s%20a%20model%2C%20get%20the%20make%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FmakeModel%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ76920834%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP176%20%3Fmake.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28%3FmakeModel%20AS%20%3Fmodel%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20model%20name%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fmodel%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FmodelLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FmodelLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%20UNION%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20A%20make%20must%20be%20a%20business%20to%20distinguish%20it%20from%20a%20model%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3FmakeModel%20wdt%3AP31%2Fwdt%3AP279%2A%20wd%3AQ4830453.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28%3FmakeModel%20AS%20%3Fmake%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20manufacturer%E2%80%99s%20name%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fmake%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FmakeLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FmakeLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20BIND%28COALESCE%28%3FmakeLabel%2C%20%22Unknown%22%29%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Get%20coordinates%20to%20display%20on%20a%20map%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmm%3Aloc%20%3Fcoordinates.%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20ASC%28%3FmakeLabel%29 Map of outdoor warning sirens, color-coded by manufacturer. A layer selector lets you toggle individual manufacturers on and off. Clicking a siren shows its make and model if available.] - OSM/Wikidata query *** [https://w.wiki/f8y Soviet cartoons in descending order of popularity in the world] ([https://twitter.com/infovarius/status/1312897007917379585 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/fEd List of ISO countries showing each country's synonyms, labels, etc.] ([https://twitter.com/petermurrayrust/status/1312775048466497539 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ewh Norwegian politicians who have been members of at least 3 parties] ([https://twitter.com/Hros/status/1312368797660180481 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ef2 Streets in Leiden named after people/things] ([https://twitter.com/mmmenno/status/1311678084685475843 Source]) *** Maps of arts and humanities research grants funded by Arts and Humanities Research Council in UK between 2013-2019. [https://w.wiki/edS Sorted by year], [https://w.wiki/edW Sorted by budget] ([https://twitter.com/alastairdunning/status/1311627681721708544 Source]) ** Newest database reports: *** [[d:Wikidata:Database reports/EntitySchema directory|EntitySchema directory]] - feedback welcome on the report talk page. * '''Development''' ** First pieces of the Query Builder are coming together and we are working towards making it generate the first dumb query ** Talking to people about their thoughts on checking Wikidata's data against other databases. If you're interested reach out to Mohammed. ** Got some first internal feedback for the REST API specification draft. We'll publish it for feedback in the next days. ** Fixing an issue with certain language codes no longer being available ([[phab:T264294]]) ** Working on making sure blocked bots don't waste Item IDs when trying to create new Items ([[phab:T232620]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 10 05|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:06, 5 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20497862 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #437 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/MsynABot|MsynABot]] ** Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Fuzheado 2|Fuzheado]] (successful) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, October 13 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Eighth_Birthday/Organise#Connect_with_other_organizers|Wikidata birthday organizers call]], October 14 at 12:00 GMT ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#34|Online Wikidata editathon in Swedish #34]], October 18 ** [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Search_Platform_Office_Hours Search Platform Office Hours happens first Wednesday of each month]. Come with questions related to Wikimedia search, Wikidata Query Service, Wikimedia Commons Query Service, etc. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/10/06/wikidata-reaches-q100000000/ Wikidata reaches Q100000000], by Lydia Pintscher and Denny Vrandečić ** A new extension can add [https://professional.wiki/en/news/wikibase-local-media support for linking to local media files in Statements] (and not just files on Wikimedia Commons) to a Wikibase instance ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mK-zdazdH78 Demo video], developed by [https://professional.wiki/ Professional.Wiki]) ** LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group presentation: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2AqQkw7nug How Entity Explosion fits into the Wikidata ecosystem], by [[User:99of9|Toby Hudson]] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwudGFtT4A4 Wikidata and COVID-19: Creating a collaborative knowledge graph from CORD-19], by [[User:Csisc|Csisc]] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://od2wd.id/ OD2WD] automatically converts CSV files from Open Data portals into QuickStatements for Wikidata republishing. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SvvLt7pYic Demo video] * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Project_chat&oldid=1288309977#Remove_noratelimit_for_bots noratelimit for bots to be removed on October 20th] ** The new [[m:Wikibase/Consultants and Support Providers|Wikibase/Consultants and Support Providers']] directory on Meta lists people/companies that provide professional help with Wikibase -- be it technical support (installation and setup), custom development, or data modeling services. ** The [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award#Coolest_Tool_Award_2020|2020 Coolest Tool Award]] is still accepting nominations until October 14th. Please use [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf5ZmXXamn9sRsagEiiZcUZDn1Ga0sF3XmdPf0OjZWtILZvdQ/viewform this form] to recommend tools. You can nominate as many tools as you want by filling out the form multiple times. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8682|number of negative votes]], [[:d:Property:P8683|number of support votes]], [[:d:Property:P8684|x-offset]], [[:d:Property:P8685|y-offset]], [[:d:Property:P8687|social media followers]], [[:d:Property:P8693|fandom]], [[:d:Property:P8701|has census]], [[:d:Property:P8702|parallel street]], [[:d:Property:P8703|entry in abbreviations table]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8679|Dictionary of Occupational Titles Code (fourth edition, revised)]], [[:d:Property:P8680|FVLB work ID]], [[:d:Property:P8681|Passion Patrimoine ID]], [[:d:Property:P8686|Biographical dictionary of Fourierism ID]], [[:d:Property:P8688|CompositionToday composer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8689|ITHL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P8690|Quebec Dams Directory ID]], [[:d:Property:P8691|SwissLipids identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8692|ACER code]], [[:d:Property:P8694|Science Museum Group ID]], [[:d:Property:P8695|Slovník českých nakladatelství 1848-1949 publishing house ID]], [[:d:Property:P8696|Directory of Belgian Photographers ID]], [[:d:Property:P8697|RNACentral ID]], [[:d:Property:P8698|Turkey's Culture Portal ID]], [[:d:Property:P8699|NSW State Archives and Records Authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P8700|Scottish Brick History Brick & Tileworks ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ship's captain|ship's captain]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/planetary coordinates|planetary coordinates]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Date of signature|Date of signature]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Unicode name|Unicode name]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CPV Supplementary|CPV Supplementary]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeoplePill person ID|PeoplePill person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/O*NET OnLine code|O*NET OnLine code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Emojipedia ID|Emojipedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GADM ID|GADM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CTAN package ID|CTAN package ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MinDat taxon ID|MinDat taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AniList anime ID|AniList anime ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AniList manga and light novel ID|AniList manga and light novel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Normattiva ID|Normattiva ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ILO Thesaurus ID|ILO Thesaurus ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20%3Ftree%20%3Ftaxon%20%3FtaxonLabel%20%3Flayer%20%3Fcoordinates%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20trees%20and%20their%20taxa%0A%20%20%3Ftree%20osmt%3Anatural%20%22tree%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28osmt%3Agenus%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Aspecies%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Ataxon%3Awikidata%29%20%3Ftaxon%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20osmm%3Aloc%20%3Fcoordinates.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Taxa%20categorized%20as%20threatened%20on%20the%20IUCN%20Red%20List%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%28%3Fstatus%20%3Flayer%29%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ278113%20%22Vulnerable%20%28VU%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ11394%20%22Endangered%20%28EN%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ219127%20%22Critically%20endangered%20%28CR%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%3Ftaxon%20wdt%3AP141%20%3Fstatus.%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20English%20common%20name%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftaxon%20wdt%3AP1843%20%3FtaxonLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FtaxonLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D Map of trees whose species is categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List] - OSM/Wikidata query *** [https://w.wiki/g24 Women actress less than 70 years old who are descendants of the first king of Navarre, ordered by number of sitelinks] *** [https://w.wiki/foF Dead Social Democratic Party members who have been ministers in 1992 or later] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1314202747403608071 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/fTf Artworks with an image in Wikidata by year of creation] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1313595862476619779 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/fST Map of mountains in Switzerland] ([https://twitter.com/betatim/status/1313566097887633408 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/gR6 Map of markets in the city of Surabaya] ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1313436872899620864 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/gMz National Anthems by tonality] ([https://twitter.com/belett/status/1315281980066496513 Source]) * '''Development''' ** The [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/General semi protection for all property pages|RFC to semi-protect all property pages]] has been implemented, all properties now require the “autoconfirmed” right to edit ([[phabricator:T254280|T254280]]) ** Working on enabling JSON dumps for Lexemes ([[phab:T220883]]) ** Finishing preventing blocked users from making us skip QIDs ([[phab:T232620]]) ** Continuing work on the Wikibase Manifest extension that allows toolbuilders to easily access configurations of a specific Wikibase instance so it is easier for them to make their tools work with not just Wikidata but also other Wikibase instances ** Started analyzing what we consider a mismatch for our work around checking Wikidata's data against other databases ** Continued work on the Query Builder to get it to create the first very simple query. It can do that now but not yet visualize the result. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 10 12|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:28, 12 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20527933 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #438 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Other: Proposal to spin-off non-Earth coordinates from property P625 (coordinates location), currently only 7000 of 8 million values: see [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/planetary coordinates|Property proposal/planetary coordinates]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, October 20 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: hands-on work with Wikidata on creating items for authors of COVID 19 papers and brainstorming for future hands-on work, 20 October. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LicYD3PQAV7gs7zConkyEaC039J_kcjHT1SmmNXbmf4/edit?usp=sharing Agenda] ** Upcoming: [[Wikidata:Eighth Birthday/Wikidata Lab XXV|Wikidata Lab XXV: Interoperabilidade e acesso aos dados]], in Portuguese by [[user:Ederporto|Ederporto]] ([[m:Wiki Movimento Brasil|Wiki Movimento Brasil]]) - October 22 17:00 UTC (14:00 BRT) ** [[m:WikiCite/2020_Virtual_conference|'''WikiCite''' 2020: Virtual Conference]] happening 26-28 October 2020. Many live-stream sessions across several ''languages'' and ''timezones''. [[User:LWyatt (WMF)|LWyatt (WMF)]] ([[:d:User talk:LWyatt (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Tisane Labs announce new feature in Tisane API, allowing tagging and extraction of Wikidata entities: [https://blog.tisane.ai/index.php/2020/10/14/tisane-labs-solutions-on-microsoft-azure-add-wikidata-extraction-feature/ blog post] **Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxjjkCMC0aY LIVE Wikidata editing at HACK4OPENGLAM] - YouTube **Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFG5yEZLfC8 Wikidata Lexeme BY Mahir256] - YouTube **Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVfenfa7Oz4 Introduction to Wikidata] (in Swedish) - YouTube **Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpJnMskNqgo Introduction to SPARQL] (in Swedish) - YouTube **Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiVWXnFGhac Bibliographic data on Wikidata] (in Swedish) - YouTube * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://magnustools.toolforge.org/prepbio.php?q= Prepbio tool] uses Wikidata to create the beginnings of a Wikipedia stub biography article. (2020-10-19) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8706|ritual object]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8700|Scottish Brick History Brick & Tileworks ID]], [[:d:Property:P8704|Spotify playlist ID]], [[:d:Property:P8705|Artist ID of the department of Prints and Drawings of the Louvre]], [[:d:Property:P8707|NBIC taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8708|Danish educational institution number]], [[:d:Property:P8709|CTAN package ID]], [[:d:Property:P8710|Dresden Street ID]], [[:d:Property:P8711|Emojipedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8712|FIBA Hall of Fame ID]], [[:d:Property:P8713|Stadtwiki Dresden article]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Unicode name|Unicode name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/branch or affiliate|branch or affiliate]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/economy of topic|economy of topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/checkin and checkout times (v.2)|checkin and checkout times (v.2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maximum current|maximum current]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Skipsrevyen ID|Skipsrevyen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/route operated|route operated]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/power plant unit|power plant unit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/annual average daily traffic|annual average daily traffic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Tasking Manager project ID|Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Tasking Manager project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/isotopically modified form of|isotopically modified form of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numérisé par|Numérisé par]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kramerius of Moravian Library UUID|Kramerius of Moravian Library UUID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hungarian Water Polo Federation player ID|Hungarian Water Polo Federation player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Irish Statute Book ID|Irish Statute Book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mir@bel publisher ID|Mir@bel publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCFr library ID|CCFr library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Decorati onorificenze repubblica|Decorati onorificenze repubblica]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BHL name ID|BHL name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWMDB person ID|AWMDB person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN person ID|AVN person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American Heritage ID|American Heritage ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/xHamster ID|xHamster ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Great Places ID|Great Places ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Famepedia ID|Famepedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nachlässe in Austria|Nachlässe in Austria]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivio Storico Ricordi opera ID|Archivio Storico Ricordi opera ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PAN member|PAN member]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DC Historic Sites ID|DC Historic Sites ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Literary Encyclopedia (1929-1939)|Literary Encyclopedia (1929-1939)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Concise Literary Encyclopedia|Concise Literary Encyclopedia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/aagm people ID|aagm people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/aagm sites ID|aagm sites ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Zen ID|Yandex Zen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GeoGuessr ID|GeoGuessr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID|Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SMB-digital ID|SMB-digital ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant station Vélib' Métropole|identifiant station Vélib' Métropole]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AImageGrid%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fosm%20%3Fmodel%20%3Flicense%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Prevent%20optimizer%20from%20querying%20for%20everything%20tagged%20with%20wikidata%3D%2A%20before%20querying%20the%20service.%0A%20%20hint%3AQuery%20hint%3Aoptimizer%20%22None%22.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20the%20Wikidata%20Query%20Service%20for%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Models%20of%20things%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20wdt%3AP4896%20%3Fmodel.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20features%20corresponding%20to%20these%20things%0A%20%20%23%20This%20greatly%20narrows%20the%20set%20of%20results%2C%20making%20the%20subsequent%20MediaWiki%20API%20call%20much%20faster%0A%20%20%3Fosm%20osmt%3Awikidata%20%3Fwd.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20the%20Wikidata%20Query%20Service%20again%20for%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20The%20same%20model%20of%20the%20same%20thing%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fwd%20wdt%3AP4896%20%3Fmodel.%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Convert%20the%20file%20path%20URL%20into%20a%20file%20description%20page%20title%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28%22File%3A%22%2C%20wikibase%3AdecodeUri%28STRAFTER%28STR%28%3Fmodel%29%2C%20%22%2FSpecial%3AFilePath%2F%22%29%29%29%20AS%20%3Ftitle%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Query%20the%20MediaWiki%20API%20Query%20Service%20for%0A%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Amwapi%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Categories%20that%20contain%20these%20pages%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Aapi%20%22Categories%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3Aendpoint%20%22commons.wikimedia.org%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3Alimit%2050%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Atitles%20%3Ftitle.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Output%20the%20page%20title%20and%20category%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftitle%20wikibase%3AapiOutput%20mwapi%3Atitle.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fcategory%20wikibase%3AapiOutput%20mwapi%3Acategory.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Only%20include%20the%20model%20if%20it%20has%20been%20categorized%20with%20a%20Creative%20Commons%20license%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%20STRSTARTS%28%3Fcategory%2C%20%22Category%3ACC-%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Extract%20a%20%E2%80%9Clicense%E2%80%9D%20name%20out%20of%20the%20category%20page%20title%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28STRAFTER%28%3Fcategory%2C%20%22Category%3A%22%29%20AS%20%3Flicense%29%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D Gallery of 3D models of structures mapped in OpenStreetMap that are available under Creative Commons licenses at Wikimedia Commons] - OSM/Wikidata query (sophox.org) *** [https://w.wiki/gvC Item named after item named after item named after item named after item named after item] *** [https://w.wiki/hXn UK parliament members' opposition posts, start dates and end dates where Wikidata has a Parliament ID for that member] ([https://twitter.com/philbgorman/status/1318102897448669184 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/hRb Count of Irish Statutory Instruments, 1948-2020] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1317995924132630528 Source]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20%3Fdecade%20%3Fgenre%20%3FgenreLabel%20%3Fcount%20%3FdecadeCount%20%28100%20%2a%20%3Fcount%20%2F%20%3FdecadeCount%20AS%20%3Fpercentage%29%20WHERE%20%7B%20%20%0A%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fdecade%20%3Fgenre%20%28count%28%3Fx%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20TOP%2020%20Genres%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Ftop20Genre%20%3Fcount%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fgenre%20%28count%28%3Fx%29%20as%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ11424.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP136%20%3Fgenre.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20Exclude%20silent%20film%3B%20doesn%27t%20make%20a%20ton%20of%20sense%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20in%20this%20context%2C%20since%20it%27s%20more%20about%20the%20medium%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20than%20the%20content%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%3Fgenre%20%21%3D%20wd%3AQ226730%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fgenre%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28%3Fgenre%20as%20%3Ftop20Genre%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Fcount%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20LIMIT%2020%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fx%20%28min%28%3FpubDate%29%20as%20%3FfirstPubDate%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ11424.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP577%20%3FpubDate.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fx%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP136%20%3Ftop20Genre.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28%3Ftop20Genre%20as%20%3Fgenre%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28concat%28str%28floor%28year%28%3FfirstPubDate%29%20%2F%2010%29%29%2C%20%220s%22%29%20as%20%3Fdecade%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%21isBlank%28%3Fdecade%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fdecade%20%3Fgenre%0A%20%20%7D%0A%0A%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Movies%20per%20decade%0A%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fdecade%20%28count%28%3Fx%29%20as%20%3FdecadeCount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20SELECT%20%3Fx%20%28min%28%3FpubDate%29%20as%20%3FfirstPubDate%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ11424.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20%20wdt%3AP577%20%3FpubDate.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fx%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20BIND%28concat%28str%28floor%28year%28%3FfirstPubDate%29%20%2F%2010%29%29%2C%20%220s%22%29%20as%20%3Fdecade%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20This%20filter%20is%20very%20important%20%28in%20both%20subqueries%29%21%20Otherwise%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20the%20results%20of%20the%20sub%20queries%20can%27t%20be%20properly%20aligned.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28%21isBlank%28%3Fdecade%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20GROUP%20BY%20%3Fdecade%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20See%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fwiki%2FQ22917333%0A%20%20FILTER%28%3Fdecade%20%21%3D%20%222110s%22%29%0A%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D Movie genre trends] ([https://twitter.com/cdrini/status/1317515817790091272 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/fAy Scientific papers explaining backward contact tracing] ([https://twitter.com/podehaye/status/1317452852684595200 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/gyB List of sovereign states in en, fr, de, ru] ([https://twitter.com/dpsSpiders/status/1316850740946755585 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/hNQ Locations depicted in paintings] ([https://twitter.com/AlbinPCLarsson/status/1317745681277353984 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/hQZ The most commonly depicted locations] ([https://twitter.com/AlbinPCLarsson/status/1317805515687251968 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Blocked users trying to create new Items no longer make us skip QIDs ([[phab:T232620]]) ** So far we don't have JSON dumps for Lexemes. We're working on regularly generating them as well now ([[phab:T264883]]) ** Continuing work on getting the Query Builder to generate the first query. Almost there. ** Started the [[Wikidata:REST API feedback round|feedback round for the REST API]]. Please provide your input if you are currently using the action API or plan to develop against Wikidata's API in the future. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 10 19|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:56, 19 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20536472 --> == Wikidata == When you create a new article please connect it to its Wikidata item (add link (under languages ⚙) => wiki en + article title). [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 12:54, 21 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) : Thank you [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] for the reminder, I usually do that I'll keep on. Regards <span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> <sup><samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp></sup> 19:40, 21 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == Wikidata weekly summary #439 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Providing sustainable data services through Wikibase and Wikidata, SEMIC Conference 2020 - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fn2ZkEMcGC0 replay]) ** Past: Introduction to Wikidata by [[d:User:Frimelle|Frimelle]], Software Freedom Kosova 2020 - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q3AhnAE-Pc replay]) ** Past: What's new in Wikidata? by Lea Lacroix, Lydia Pintscher and Mattia Capozzi, ItWikiCon 2020 - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbXdZK54GrU replay]) ** Ongoing: plenty of Wikidata birthday events, online and onsite! Here's an overview of the upcoming events, you can find the links and details [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday|in the main calendar]]. *** [[m:WikiCite/2020 Virtual conference|WikiCite virtual conference]] on October 26-28, live-streamed on Youtube and Twitter, with sessions across many timezones and languages – English, French, German, Indonesian, and Portuguese. *** [[d:Wikidata:Eighth_Birthday/Wikidata_Education_Week|Wikidata Education Week]], online, on October 26-30 *** [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday/24-hours meetup|24-hours online meetup]], on October 28-29: an open discussion with plenty of community members facilitating exchange around the topic "what makes you enthusiastic about Wikidata" *** Gene Wiki: how to synchronize and curate primary sources with and in Wikidata, online, on October 29th *** [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday/Rennes|Birthday celebration in Rennes, France]], on October 29th *** Birthday Celebration in Accra, Ghana, and online, on October 29th ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata & Wikibase office hour]], October 27th at 17:00 CET (16:00 GMT) ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, October 27 at 18:00 CET * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' **Excerpts from Wikidata Birthday events *** Video: How the Wikimedia Brazil contributed to Wikidata in 2020 (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UclS25_HRlw YouTube] *** Video: Introduction to Wikidata and data reconciliation (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrL5Uhjy-Go YouTube] ** [https://wikimedia.se/2020/10/26/analyze-swedish-politics-with-wikidata/ Analyze Swedish politics with Wikidata] (Blog post) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/10/22/wikicite-awards-23-grants-escholarships-to-improve-open-citations WikiCite awards 23 grants & eScholarships to improve open citations] (including plenty of Wikidata-related projects) ** Video: [[d:User:Eyoungstrom|Eyoungstrom]] and [[d:User:Evolution and evolvability|Evolution and evolvability]] explore and explain different Wikidata tools in 15-part series on YouTube - [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLs9M85_qZF32xUBnxWZpMLsl5V-0yuo3f Playlist] ** Video: Wikidata Lab XXV: Interoperability and data access (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVatib3vq8s YouTube] **Video: Wikidata for cultural institutions and GLAM-WIKI partnerships (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aUWYNvnZck YouTube] ** Wikidata Training Workshop 4, by Canadian Arts Presenting Association - YouTube *** Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNSzCDQk3yo 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAf4g6pFOec 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CbKPV1kx2Y 3], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyqVpK6u4pw 4] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXDIZXt5OXY 5]) *** Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata (in French) - (Parts [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyQEJ9ioee4 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DN87dHJI6ZU 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQpnaR1ke4U 3], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekXrSd-Ou0s 4] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrkBz61laOc 5]) * '''Tool of the week''' **[[d:Wikidata:Tools/WikibaseJS-cli|WikibaseJS-cli]] allows to edit Wikidata from command line, including creating items from samples ("templates") and do complex transformations of statements * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Server switch: all wikis will be in read-only on Tuesday, October 27th at 14:00 UTC for up to an hour ([[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|more information]]). All services hosted by WMF (e.g. tools hosted on wmcloud.org) are also impacted. Non-essential code deployments will not happen this week. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093976.html Wikimedia Israel (WMIL) develops instructional material for the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS)]: [https://wdqs-tutorial.toolforge.org/ wdqs-tutorial.toolforge.org] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8733|number of rooms]], [[:d:Property:P8738|permits]], [[:d:Property:P8739|prohibits]], [[:d:Property:P8744|economy of topic]], [[:d:Property:P8745|check-in time]], [[:d:Property:P8746|check-out time]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8709|CTAN package ID]], [[:d:Property:P8710|Dresden Street ID]], [[:d:Property:P8711|Emojipedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8712|FIBA Hall of Fame ID]], [[:d:Property:P8713|Stadtwiki Dresden article]], [[:d:Property:P8714|GADM ID]], [[:d:Property:P8715|Lambiek Special pages ID]], [[:d:Property:P8716|Mir@bel publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P8717|ILO Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P8718|AVN performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8719|CCFr library ID]], [[:d:Property:P8720|xHamster performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8721|AWMDB performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8722|Normattiva ID]], [[:d:Property:P8723|American Heritage place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8724|BHL name ID]], [[:d:Property:P8725|Hungarian Water Polo Federation player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8726|Irish Statute Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P8727|Minecraft UUID]], [[:d:Property:P8728|Nachlässe in Austria ID]], [[:d:Property:P8729|AniList anime ID]], [[:d:Property:P8730|National Park Service people ID]], [[:d:Property:P8731|AniList manga ID]], [[:d:Property:P8732|Archivio Storico Ricordi opera ID]], [[:d:Property:P8734|O*NET OnLine code]], [[:d:Property:P8735|Opta football competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P8736|Opta football player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8737|Opta football team ID]], [[:d:Property:P8740|The Boardr profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P8741|Great Places ID]], [[:d:Property:P8742|PIM award ID]], [[:d:Property:P8743|Scholars Strategy Network ID]], [[:d:Property:P8747|DC Historic Sites place ID]], [[:d:Property:P8748|Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/annual average daily traffic|annual average daily traffic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/isotopically modified form of|isotopically modified form of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Numérisé par|Numérisé par]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online catalog|Online catalog]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/funeral|funeral]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inaugural address|Inaugural address]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hong Kong film rating|Hong Kong film rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/word lookup|word lookup]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hair or facial hair style|hair or facial hair style]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cup size|Cup size]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/for color scheme|for color scheme]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/aagm people ID|aagm people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/aagm sites ID|aagm sites ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yandex Zen ID|Yandex Zen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GeoGuessr ID|GeoGuessr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Tasking Manager project ID|Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Tasking Manager project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID|Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SMB-digital ID|SMB-digital ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant station Vélib' Métropole|identifiant station Vélib' Métropole]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Base constructions bibliothèques ID|Base constructions bibliothèques ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário de Historiadores Portugueses ID|Dicionário de Historiadores Portugueses ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Unione Romana Biblioteche Scientifiche ID|Unione Romana Biblioteche Scientifiche ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malmö Museer|Malmö Museer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMVDb music video ID|IMVDb music video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NSSDCA ID|NSSDCA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Docker Hub repository|Docker Hub repository]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ontology of units of Measure 2.0 unit ID|Ontology of units of Measure 2.0 unit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Persée article ID|Persée article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geneanet Family Name ID|Geneanet Family Name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Blogger user profile ID|Blogger user profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USL League One ID|USL League One ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stolperstein identifiers|Stolperstein identifiers]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/State Catalogue of the Museum Fund of Russia artwork ID|State Catalogue of the Museum Fund of Russia artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Horticultural Society plant ID|Royal Horticultural Society plant ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGAFD ID|EGAFD ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/iVb Commemorative plaques and their subjects in Aberdeen, Scotland; with photos of plaque and subject and Wikipedia links]. ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1320084387602464768 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/iEy Cities with female mayor] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1319682484997533697 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/hx9 Most common variants of the name "Susanne" in each country] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1318988410166673408 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/htF Birthplaces of art historians] ([https://twitter.com/janedarnell/status/1318890828442574848 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/hbs Invasive species in EU and whether they have articles in different languages] ([https://twitter.com/andrawaag/status/1318203582471151617 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/igz Birthplace of Olympique de Marseille players] ([https://twitter.com/macgraveur/status/1320403600716201985 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/iqE COVID-19 deaths by month] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1320368710088052737 Source]) ** Wikimedia Commons Query examples: *** [https://wcqs-beta.wmflabs.org/#%23Get%20information%20of%20Europeana%20item%20using%20federated%20query%0APREFIX%20dc%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20edm%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeana.eu%2Fschemas%2Fedm%2F%3E%0APREFIX%20ore%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.openarchives.org%2Fore%2Fterms%2F%3E%0A%0ASELECT%20%2a%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20BIND%28%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fdata.europeana.eu%2Fproxy%2Fprovider%2F91622%2Fraa_kmb_16000200042758%3E%20as%20%3Fp854%29%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fsparql.europeana.eu%2F%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Fterms%2Fcreated%3E%20%3Fcreated%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2Fdescription%3E%20%3Fidentifier%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2Fpublisher%3E%20%3Fpublisher%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2Frights%3E%20%3Frights%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2Ftitle%3E%20%3Ftitle%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fp854%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fdc%2Felements%2F1.1%2Fdescription%3E%20%3Fdescription%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D Get information of Europeana item using federated query] * '''Development''' ** Got the Query Builder to create the first simple queries. You can follow along the development from now on on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org test system]. ** Preparing regular JSON dumps for Lexemes ([[phab:T264883]]) ** Analyzed a number of queries to the query service together with the WMF search team to better understand what the queries are doing and what further optimizations we can make to the query service and which queries need different systems to answer them. ** Working on creating and tracking implicit usages of Wikidata descriptions so description changes show up in the watchlist on Wikipedia and co ([[phab:T265897]]) ** Created [[mw:Extension:WikibaseManifest|Extension:WikibaseManifest]] documentation on MediaWiki. ** Looking into what would be considered a mismatch when comparing WIkidata's data against another database. This is groundwork for potentially automating this in the future to find potential issues in the data to flag to editors. ** Working on deploying the new Item quality scoring model for ORES to production so we have improved quality scores ** Finished investigating how to handle a restricted list of external Wikibase services. ([[phab:T265118]]) ** Removed noratelimit on bots for wikidata.org ([[phab:T258354]]) ** Published Easier Access for Programmers to Wikidata [[:commons:File:Research Report Easier Access for Programmers.pdf|research report]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 10 26|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:01, 26 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20572719 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #440 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Hasley|Hasley]] (RfP scheduled to end after 2 November 2020 17:23 UTC) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata & Wikibase office hour, October 27 ([[d:Wikidata:Events/IRC office hour 2020-10-27|notes]]) ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Arthur Smith and Daniel Mietchen discussing author items in Wikidata and the Author Disambiguator Tool, 3 November. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/16OJ5cTXZ47z3_M9bsIjmXO_kpjpQujtoFTEKe6Du3RY/edit Agenda] ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#37|Online Wikidata editathon in Swedish #37]], November 8 ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, November 3 at 18:00 CET * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2020/10/28/wikidata-wird-acht-jahre-alt-ein-interview-mit-produktmanagerin-lydia-pintscher/ Wikidata is eight years old - an interview with product manager Lydia Pintscher] (in German), by Elisabeth Giesemann ** [[d:Wikidata:Eighth_Birthday/Presents#Message_from_the_development_team|Wikidata 8th birthday, Message from the development team]] ** [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2020/10/29/happy-8th-birthday-wikidata/ Happy 8th birthday, Wikidata! (8 reasons why Wikidata is great)], by Will Kent ** [https://blogs.bl.uk/digital-scholarship/2020/10/happy-eighth-birthday-wikidata.html Happy Eighth Birthday Wikidata!], by Stella Wisdom ** [https://saxorum.hypotheses.org/5279 Tree networks, national history and open mountains of data - knowledge through node formation with Wikidata for the 8th], by Jens Bemme ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O_Y0cXwZto Why is Wikidata important?] (Wikidata birthday event - in Spanish) ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/10/29/sparql-in-the-shadow-of-structured-data-on-commons/ SPARQL in the shadow of Structured Data on Commons], by Zbyszko Papierski ** [https://synapta.it/blog/risposte-a-domande-curiose-e-dove-trovarle-ecco-come-interrogare-wikidata-con-sparql/ Answers to curious questions and where to find them: here's how to query wikidata with SPARQL], by Lianna D'amato ** [https://chem-bla-ics.blogspot.com/2020/11/cito-updates-2-annotation-migration-to.html CiTO updates #2: annotation migration to Wikidata and first Scholia patch], by Egon Willighagen ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbTCq7r8SQg Wikidata+OpenStreetMaps talk and discussion] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czZA1T1t8wk Wikidata – what libraries need to know about wikidata - Kohacon20], by David Nind ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPMoj7uMXRU Visualizing the neuroscience research ecosystem via Wikidata Scholia], by Daniel Mietchen ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbowsw_XT-Q Knowledge Graphs and Wikidata] (in Indonesian) ** All videos from the '''[[m:WikiCite/2020 Virtual conference|WikiCite 2020 Virtual Conference]]''' are now on Commons, and embedded in the program page on Meta. ::This is 32 hours of video covering 85 individual presentations in 7 languages. ::1266 "unique viewers" have watched some portion on YouTubeSince the conference began last Monday. * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://pltools.toolforge.org/rech/ reCH] is a Wikidata anti-vandalism tool that is used to review edits and patrol new changes. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikidata Eighth Birthday Presents *** All recordings of [[commons:Category:Wikidata Labs videos|Wikidata Labs are now available on Wikimedia Commons]] (Wiki Movimento Brasil) *** [https://wdqs-tutorial.toolforge.org/ Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) tutorial website] – a new user-friendly tutorial to querying Wikidata (Wikimedia Israel) *** [https://wikibibliotecas.colmex.mx/items/browse?tags=Wikidata Wikidata Spanish Tutorials Website] – a brand new user-friendly (with Dublin Core Metadata!) digital collection of Wikidata slides, tutorials, and manuals in Spanish (Biblioteca Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexico) *** [https://twitter.com/SemanticMW/status/1321482146305945600?s=20 Happy Birthday] from [https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org Semantic MediaWiki] *** Wikidata Lexeme Forms <code>?language_code</code> feature: [https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1321626949492613122 announcement tweet] and [[d:Special:Diff/1299258986/1299263735|documentation edit]] *** Automated finding references: [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/datasets/periodic/wikidata-potential-references/ dump] and [https://wmdeanalytics.wmflabs.org/WD_GameReferenceHunt dashboard] (Wikidata development team - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-October/014374.html announcement]) *** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-October/014375.html Better Item quality judgments from ORES] (Wikidata development team) *** Announcement of the [[Wikidata:WikidataCon 2021|distributed WikidataCon 2021]] (Wikidata development team - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-October/014376.html announcement]) *** [[d:Wikidata:Eighth Birthday/India/Datathon/Sum of all Indian paintings/birthday present|Results of Sum of all Indian paintings datathon]] organized by [[d:WD:IND|WikiProject India]]. *** Happy birthday Wikidata! In the [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2020-10-29|Abstract Wikipedia Updates (2020-10-29)]] by the project team, speaking about the future integration with Wikidata. *** Knowledge Grapher [https://knowledgegrapher.toolforge.org/filmmaker filmmaker mode] can visually display all the films and cast members of an individual director or producer. *** [[d:User:Teester/EntityShape.js|User:Teester/EntityShape.js]] - a userscript to show how an item conforms to an entityschema ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-October/014376.html The next WikidataCon will take place on 29-30-31 October 2021, in a distributed format]. Follow this page to keep up to date: [[d:Wikidata:WikidataCon 2021|WikidataCon 2021]]. ** [https://datastory.org/en/data-stories/election-tracker The Election Tracker], uses Wikidata to keep track of upcoming national elections around the world. ** Accepted published papers for the Wikidata Workshop on Monday, 02.11 are now available online [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io wikidataworkshop.github.io] ** [https://witches.is.ed.ac.uk/ witches.is.ed.ac.uk] shows the geographical residence location for accused witches in Scotland. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8751|die axis]], [[:d:Property:P8753|annual average daily traffic]], [[:d:Property:P8757|maximum current]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8748|Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank ID]], [[:d:Property:P8749|Dicionário de Historiadores Portugueses ID]], [[:d:Property:P8750|Unione Romana Biblioteche Scientifiche ID]], [[:d:Property:P8752|Kramerius of Moravian Library UUID]], [[:d:Property:P8754|OpenStreetMap numeric user ID]], [[:d:Property:P8755|VA facility ID]], [[:d:Property:P8756|Sports-Reference.com college basketball box score ID]], [[:d:Property:P8758|Persée article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8759|Polski Słownik Judaistyczny ID]], [[:d:Property:P8760|Base constructions bibliothèques ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Matrix room|Matrix room]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regex (lang)|regex (lang)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ukrainian romanization|Ukrainian romanization]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Power consumption index, Heating energy consumption index|Power consumption index, Heating energy consumption index]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Business Number (Canada)|Business Number (Canada)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/notable tv series|notable tv series]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of points or goals attempted|number of points or goals attempted]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Horticultural Society plant ID|Royal Horticultural Society plant ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGAFD ID|EGAFD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCAA Statistics coach ID|NCAA Statistics coach ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCAA school code|NCAA school code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCAA Statistics team season ID|NCAA Statistics team season ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Twitch team ID|Twitch team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Twitch tag ID|Twitch tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FINA Wiki ID|FINA Wiki ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/All the Tropes identifier|All the Tropes identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MTMT journal ID|MTMT journal ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UAF person ID|UAF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Soccerway stadium ID|Soccerway stadium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NCAA Statistics player ID|NCAA Statistics player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portuguese Football Federation ID|Portuguese Football Federation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wolfram language WordData sense|Wolfram language WordData sense]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Namuwiki|Namuwiki]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/jGN Movies by rate of actors who studied at RADA (When distribution has at last 5 actors)] *** [https://w.wiki/8WU Central libraries in California linked to their branch library] *** [https://w.wiki/jZF Writers in the SIEFAR dictionary with a portrait in Wikimedia Commons] ([https://twitter.com/Georgele2etexte/status/1322471301664092161 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/VLM Place and date of birth of people buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery (one color per century of birth)] ([https://twitter.com/Pyb75/status/1322265164088049668 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/jPA Occupations of people on Wikidata dying of coronavirus (politician ranks higher than the next 3 occupations combined)] ([https://twitter.com/watty62/status/1321806989861769216 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/jbE Things Donald Trump and others own / have owned] ([https://twitter.com/inforapid/status/1321799945612070913 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/L6k Graveplots by gender in Père Lachaise Cemetery] ([https://twitter.com/Pyb75/status/1322264888463548417 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/AMx Co-authorship between researchers from National University of La Plata] ([https://twitter.com/patriciolorente/status/1321789489828798467 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/j6o Number of Harvard Law graduates dead by year between 1850 and 1950] ([https://twitter.com/HanleyWill/status/1321285757697482753 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/isL Visualization of the works of Charles Heaphy] ([https://twitter.com/SiobhanLeachman/status/1320795910696124417 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/jpa Identifiers present on the item for Penelope Cruz (or other movie people), but not on the item for Sean Connery] *** [https://w.wiki/jpd Map of places of birth of people with an identifier Inter-university Health Library in Wikidata colored by century of birth] ([https://twitter.com/belett/status/1323238160759967744 Source]) *** [https://sophox.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20%3Ftree%20%3Ftaxon%20%3FtaxonLabel%20%3Flayer%20%3Fcoordinates%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20OpenStreetMap%20for%20trees%20and%20their%20taxa%0A%20%20%3Ftree%20osmt%3Anatural%20%22tree%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%28osmt%3Agenus%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Aspecies%3Awikidata%7Cosmt%3Ataxon%3Awikidata%29%20%3Ftaxon%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20osmm%3Aloc%20%3Fcoordinates.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20%23%20Query%20Wikidata%20for%0A%20%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Taxa%20categorized%20as%20threatened%20on%20the%20IUCN%20Red%20List%0A%20%20%20%20VALUES%20%28%3Fstatus%20%3Flayer%29%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ278113%20%22Vulnerable%20%28VU%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ11394%20%22Endangered%20%28EN%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%28wd%3AQ219127%20%22Critically%20endangered%20%28CR%29%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%3Ftaxon%20wdt%3AP141%20%3Fstatus.%0A%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20Get%20the%20English%20common%20name%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Ftaxon%20wdt%3AP1843%20%3FtaxonLabel.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FtaxonLabel%29%20%3D%20%22en%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D Map of the trees recorded in OSM with protection status.] OSM/Wikidata query ([https://twitter.com/LibrErli/status/1316455785854050306 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject_European_Film_Awards|Wikiproject European Film Awards]] ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Movies/Filmography/Sean Connery|Sean Connery filmography]] * '''Development''' ** Fixing the issue of `content was: ""` (empty string) when deleting Lexemes ([[phab:T263435]]) ** Final steps for deployment of JSON dumps for Lexeme ([[phab:T264883]]) ** Working on fixing an issue with adding statements with datatype mathematical formula ([[phab:T266673]]) ** The Query Builder can now generate its first very simple query and show the result. You can follow along as we develop it at [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ the demo system]. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 11 02|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:48, 2 Nuwamba, 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20593244 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #441 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Cleaning up the ontology of anonymous|Cleaning up the ontology of anonymous]] ** Other ***[[d:Property_talk:P969#%22und%22_or_%22und-latn%22|"und" or "und-latn" language code for addresses]] ***[[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Value_label_constraint|Value label constraint]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] about visualisation on maps 🗺️ on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, November 10 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#38|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #38]], November 15 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [[:File:Wikdata Eighth Birthday Meetup - Database validation of Wikidata.pdf|Wikidata Eighth Birthday Meetup - Database validation of Wikidata]] by Houcemeddine Turki ** Turning Scholia into a platform for living scientometric studies ([[:File:WikiCite 2020 - Scientométrie Ouverte.pdf|French]], [[:File:WikiCite 2020 - Living Scientometric Study.pdf|English]]) by Houcemeddine Turki ** Wikidata Workshop for the scientific Wikidata community @ ISWC 2020 with [https://wikidataworkshop.github.io/#Accepted%20Papers papers] about interesting aspects of Wikidata. ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bSZq22yiGU Visualizing the research ecosystem of neuroscience research via Wikidata]. by Daniel Mietchen at Neuromatch Conference ** Video: LIVE Wikidata editing #23 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NfpMLS3NlU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2814050998880059/ Facebook] ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #24 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9ht8zB9bHA YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2815062592112233/ Facebook], November 14, 19.00 UTC * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[:w:Template:Cite Q|Template:Cite Q]] on Wikipedia makes it easier to use Wikidata items as Wikipedia references. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/November 2020|next Wikibase live session]] is 16:00 UTC on Thursday 12 November 2020 [https://calendar.google.com/event?action=TEMPLATE&tmeid=NThtZjhranRmMjAxYzg2dTYwNGhxdmVxNzQgY183MXZ0MTdhNXFtbTFnYXFlNm1wdjNpYW9kc0Bn&tmsrc=c_71vt17a5qmm1gaqe6mpv3iaods%40group.calendar.google.com (Add to calendar)]. Come and share-out anything new or exciting that’s been happening with your Wikibase instance; what have you been doing recently, what is working well, what has been challenging for you - we would like to hear them all! ** Remember to claim your Cloud VPS project and mark it as <code><nowiki>{{Used}}</nowiki></code>. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-November/094014.html Unclaimed projects risk being suspended or shutdown on 2020-12-01]. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014385.html Wrap up of the feedback about bug reports and feature requests] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8763|birth rate]], [[:d:Property:P8764|port calls]], [[:d:Property:P8766|rank insignia]], [[:d:Property:P8768|online catalog]], [[:d:Property:P8770|format as language specific regular expression]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8761|Sports-Reference.com college football school ID]], [[:d:Property:P8762|NCAA Statistics team season ID]], [[:d:Property:P8765|Royal Horticultural Society plant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8767|EGAFD ID]], [[:d:Property:P8769|Ontology of units of Measure 2.0 unit ID]], [[:d:Property:P8771|Vélib' Métropole station ID]], [[:d:Property:P8772|Blogger user profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P8773|Malmö Museer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8774|MTMT journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P8775|Soccerway stadium ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/favicon|favicon]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dedicated heritage institution|Dedicated heritage institution]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MetaSat ID|MetaSat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/epithet|epithet]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Poverty incidence (Philippines)|Poverty incidence (Philippines)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/covid info|covid info]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/filestore|filestore]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AniDB tag ID|AniDB tag ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ClassInd audiovisual work ID|ClassInd audiovisual work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ClassInd game ID|ClassInd game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qobuz label ID|Qobuz label ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMMuB album ID|IMMuB album ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FIS grass skier ID|FIS grass skier ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AlKindi ID|AlKindi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/French Paralympic and Sports Committee athlete ID|French Paralympic and Sports Committee athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathematical Sciences Research Institute personal profile ID|Mathematical Sciences Research Institute personal profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathematical Sciences Research Institute institution profile ID|Mathematical Sciences Research Institute institution profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EIK|EIK]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/edition humboldt digital ID|edition humboldt digital ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/European Film Awards ID|European Film Awards ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memorial Book for the victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna 1938|Memorial Book for the victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna 1938]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMMuB artist ID|IMMuB artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIWARDS ID|AIWARDS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LIMIS person ID|LIMIS person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAFD distributor ID|IAFD distributor ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/kJK Terminus locations of A Roads in Britain] ([https://twitter.com/philbgorman/status/1324463176453337088 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/kjM POTUS/UK PM age at inauguration/appointment and England mean age] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1324156826087206913 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/jxY Map of (public-sector) winners of H2020 projects in the Netherlands sortable by year] ([https://twitter.com/alastairdunning/status/1323663645348401154 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ke7 People who have held the positions of both Vice President and President of the United States] ([https://twitter.com/TobiasHellmund/status/1324072992880603146 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/jqY Crew of missions to the ISS and human spaceflights that have docked with the ISS] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1323284604959207426 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/kfy Graph of reasons UK MPs have left Parliament, grouped by decade since the 1890s] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1325557952024076290 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/kes Number of successful UK election petitions by parliamentary term, 1859 onwards (includes by-elections as well as general elections)] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1325477802985058306 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/kea List of longest Cars] ([https://twitter.com/quicoprol/status/1325454920288522242 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Continuing work with the WMF search team to automatically categorize WDQS queries to see how they can better be served ** Query Builder work is continuing. Next step is making it possible to create a query with an arbitrary Property instead of the currently hard-coded post code. ** Feedback round for the REST API is finishing this week and then we will review all the feedback and make changes to the spec accordingly. ** Preparing to release 1.35 version of Wikibase docker image ([[phab:T264538]]) ** Fixed Math extension to not require JS parser which caused issues creating new Statements for mathematical formulae ([[phab:T266673]]) ** Made sure there is a meaningful edit summary when deleting a Lexeme ([[phab:T263435]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 11 09|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:54, 9 Nuwamba, 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20618981 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #442 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, November 17 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: [https://swib.org/ SWIB20 (Semantic Web in Libraries) conference], multiple Wikidata-related presentations, free and online, November 23-27 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Sweden/Swedish Riksdag documents/Kopplingssprint|Editathon (or "connection sprint") on parliamentarian documents in Swedish]], November 20 ** Upcoming: Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Linked_Data_for_Production#LD4-Wikidata_Affinity_Group|Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: [[m:User:Dan Shick (WMDE)|Dan Shick]] on creating and managing community documentation, November 17. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i_OONeNl7XZbo5un81bYHFx0wOp2ErSKYjGnfIHel9Y/edit?usp=sharing Agenda] ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#39|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #39]], November 22 ** Past: [https://github.com/elixir-europe/BioHackathon-projects-2020 ELIXIR BioHackathon 2020] updates: *** Project #13: >20 thousand PDB ligand identifiers added and new formatter URL: https://twitter.com/ESchymanski/status/1326875606177492993 *** Project #33: Using wikidata query service in the taxon_mapper in [http://oxalis.br.fgov.be:8181 Molseq - connecting molecular (genbank) and specimen (GBIF) data app] *** Project #35: Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnEaa9zHSos ELIXIR BioHackathon Europe 2020 Introduction to ShEx/Entity Schemas] with Wikidata starting at 18:00 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.meetup.com/en-AU/Krakow-Graph-Academy/events/274359758/ Wikidata Knowledge graph] (in Polish) by Zbyszko Papierski on Wednesday, 18 November 2020 6:45 pm to 9:30 pm GMT+1 ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywsRcnlQ198 A Linked and Open Bibliography for Aegean Glyptic in the Bronze Age] by Martina Trognitz, recorded in April 2019 ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnEaa9zHSos ELIXIR BioHackathon Europe 2020 Introduction to ShEx/Entity Schemas] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJ__UqgpDDk Introduction to Gene Wiki] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abbeFWHdTaw ISB Biocuration 2020 Online Workshop: Genewiki 2 Methodology - Updating with bots] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vJrsUQIbV4 An Introduction to Wikibase and Wikidata]. Barbara Fischer and Sarah Hartmann ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KbnX2VSf4Hs LIVE Wikidata editing #24] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzfC3KFqmPs Programming for Cultural Heritage: Using Python to retrieve data from Wikidata] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOvlkAzCdrA Wikipedia & Wikidata for Middle East Librarians] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyT0Qy8H-dI&t=246s OpenStreetMap & Wikidata using Sophox] - OpenStreetMap US Connect 2020 ** Video: Adding Pashas to Wikidata. 7 videos: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PflmQn_SFbg Wikipedia to OpenRefine], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFmEePPYY_Y Standardizing dates], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fonr9Su4ZhQ Standardizing names in OpenRefine], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUgO8Tkhu6s Wikidata reconciliation], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T30k1AzLc6Q Adding additional data], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXlHWUhowxw Combining Arabic and English Lists], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hty7PJRabQg Wikidata Schema] ** Blogpost: [https://blog.wikimedia.org.uk/2020/10/introducing-mapping-the-scottish-reformation-clerics-manuscripts-and-open-data/ Introducing Mapping the Scottish Reformation: Clerics, Manuscripts, and Open Data]. ''"Most of the individuals we have found are obviously relatively obscure and have no item entry in Wikidata...As such, we have created around one thousand new items over the last two months, all of which serve as a framework to record the key parameters of a cleric’s career".'' * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://alec-demo.herokuapp.com/ ALEC] (A List of Everything Cool) is a tool to explore biodiversity content in Wikidata. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Join the upcoming [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-November/095862.html #1Lib1Ref Wikipedia campaign] from January 15th to February 5th 2021 and improve Wikidata items by adding references to statements. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8786|dedicated heritage entity]], [[:d:Property:P8789|defining mutations]], [[:d:Property:P8791|digitised by]], [[:d:Property:P8798|for color scheme]], [[:d:Property:P8810|parent (unspecified)]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8774|MTMT journal ID]], [[:d:Property:P8775|Soccerway stadium ID]], [[:d:Property:P8776|IMVDb music video ID]], [[:d:Property:P8777|NCAA Statistics coach ID]], [[:d:Property:P8778|Docker Hub repository]], [[:d:Property:P8779|USL League One ID]], [[:d:Property:P8780|Portuguese Football Federation ID]], [[:d:Property:P8782|ClassInd game ID]], [[:d:Property:P8783|AAGM people ID]], [[:d:Property:P8784|AAGM site ID]], [[:d:Property:P8785|AniDB tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P8787|UAF person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8788|Dignity Memorial person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8790|Opera Online performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8792|Bioweb Ecuador ID]], [[:d:Property:P8793|Decorati onorificenze repubblica ID]], [[:d:Property:P8794|BBFC reference]], [[:d:Property:P8795|AlKindi ID]], [[:d:Property:P8796|FilmPolski press collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P8797|French Paralympic and Sports Committee athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P8799|Twitch tag ID]], [[:d:Property:P8800|European Film Awards ID]], [[:d:Property:P8801|MSRI institution ID]], [[:d:Property:P8802|MSRI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8803|stolpersteine-berlin.de Stolperstein identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8804|stolpersteine-hamburg.de Stolperstein identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8805|LIMIS person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8806|NSDOK Stolperstein identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8807|stolpersteine-bremen.de Stolperstein identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8808|snublestein.no Stolperstein identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8809|AIWARDS ID]], [[:d:Property:P8811|Twitch team ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/use as citation in Wikimedia page|use as citation in Wikimedia page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GitLab username|GitLab username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/given name identical to this family name|given name identical to this family name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/population connectée|population connectée]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/indexed in bibliographic review|indexed in bibliographic review]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISDS ID|ISDS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inscription image|inscription image]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wanfang article ID|Wanfang article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CQVIP article ID|CQVIP article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada|Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CIP data sheet|CIP data sheet]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMMuB artist ID|IMMuB artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAFD distributor ID|IAFD distributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss-Gym Male ID|Swiss-Gym Male ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss-Gym Female ID|Swiss-Gym Female ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FISG person ID|FISG person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ligue 1 player ID|Ligue 1 player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ligue 2 player ID|Ligue 2 player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AAA ID|AAA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum Day ID|Museum Day ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeachMe tutor ID|TeachMe tutor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISOF place|ISOF place]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CRGPG ID|CRGPG ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Visages du diocèse d'Autun ID|Visages du diocèse d'Autun ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Geneall ID|Geneall ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Namuwiki (2)|Namuwiki (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Union des artistes ID|Union des artistes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinorium Movie ID|Kinorium Movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kinorium Person ID|Kinorium Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prêtres du diocèse de Quimper ID|Prêtres du diocèse de Quimper ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Union Catalog of Armenian Libraries authority ID|Union Catalog of Armenian Libraries authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Restaurant Guru Restaurant ID|Restaurant Guru Restaurant ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Foodlocate Restaurant ID|Foodlocate Restaurant ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Musica Brasilis ID|Musica Brasilis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IEV number|IEV number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CONOR authority IDs|CONOR authority IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LibraryThing venue ID|LibraryThing venue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BPI ID|BPI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PromoDj ID|PromoDj ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Salzburgwiki|Salzburgwiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Drizly Product ID|Drizly Product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baijiahao ID|Baijiahao ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ESPN men's college basketball team ID|ESPN men's college basketball team ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/mR9 Rivers and canals in the United Kingdom]. ***[https://w.wiki/mPZ Map of images taken for the Wicipics photography campaign in Wales] ([https://twitter.com/WICI_LLGC/status/1327251837452476416 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/mH8 Number of people and terms of UK parties since the 1945 election] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1327035156092366854 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/mWQ UK MPs who have voluntarily resigned their seats and then come back for a different seat in the same Parliament] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1327590977180233728 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/bo6 Media articles, public documents and academic references on backward/cluster-focused contact tracing (including models)] ([https://twitter.com/Francis_Aln/status/1326983559769370625 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/mSf Date of birth of current French prefects and their sources] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1326864873838481408 Source]) ***[http://w.wiki/6c3 Protected heritage related to the Camino in the Basque Country] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1326498097837600768 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/m7Z Living 'notable' people with the given name "Karen" per 100k per country] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1326634340449718273 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/kzP Paintings in the Suter Art Gallery] ([https://twitter.com/SiobhanLeachman/status/1326301937998864385 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/mSh Chilean ministers who were not educated at any high school] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1326286864924471296 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/kxm Age of US presidents start and end time] ([https://twitter.com/infovarius/status/1326184191688650752 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/kPz Map of Welsh Railways] ([https://twitter.com/WIKI_NLW/status/1326081898179923968 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/ktf Connections of railways of the Netherlands] ([https://twitter.com/janedarnell/status/1326093149450756096 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/mi7 Distinct languages of Wikidata lexemes]. Top 5 are Russian-101144, English-69066, Latin-32106, Hebrew-28286 and Basque-22904.([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1328050792507592705 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/mf7 Death place of all Basque people with known birthplace on Wikipedia, by century]. [https://kepler.gl/demo/map/carto?mapId=91c00ff3-8d37-a26b-8ccc-8488a2665dba&owner=galder158&privateMap=false Interactive map on kepler.gl] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1327919565905379328 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Added "Random lexeme" link under dedicated section for lexicographical data in the Wikidata sidebar ([[phab:T205525]]). Thanks to [[d:User:Matěj Suchánek|Matěj Suchánek]]! ** Working on language/spelling variant selector bug on Special:NewItem and Special:NewLexeme that makes it difficult to continue creating Items or Lexemes ([[phab:T266638]]) ** Work on the Query Builder continues. We're focusing on making it possible to query for all Items with a specific Property but any value next. ** Went over all the feedback we have received for the REST API specification draft. Overall the feedback is positive and really useful. So we will move ahead after thinking more about the remaining points that were raised. ** Working on making changes to descriptions show up in the RecentChanges feed and watchlists on Wikipedia and co as well even if they are not explicitly used ([[phab:T191831]]) ** Fixed a problem adding statements with Properties of datatype mathematical formula ([[phab:T266496]]) ** Kicked off our new effort to implement a predictable release cycle and release infrastructure for Wikibase suite by creating a prototype build workflow ([[phab:T267553]]) and prototype test workflow ([[phab:T267554]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 11 16|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:15, 16 Nuwamba, 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20640737 --> == ikidata weekly summary #443 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata Workshop 2020 presentations [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyM3N1A-gEXt0vShpqDCw6x9T95ok9aj_ YouTube playlist] ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, November 24 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: [https://events.ccc.de/2020/09/04/rc3-remote-chaos-experience/#english rC3, the remote version of the Chaos Communication Congress], on December 27-30. Like in previous years, the WikipakaWG will host sessions and workshops related to Wikidata and other Wikimedia projects. The [https://cfp.verschwoerhaus.de/rc3-2020/cfp call for participation] is open until November 30th. ** Upcoming: [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/african-wikimedians/2020-November/002037.html Ghana Histo Cita-thon]. Friday 27th November 2020. 9am to 2pm UTC. ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#40|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #40]], November 29 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://xn--fundaci-r0a.cat/wikidata-la-base-de-dades-collaborativa-per-a-maquines-i-humans/ Wikidata, the collaborative database for machines and humans]. Blogpost by Àlex Hinojo (in Catalan) ** [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2020/11/18/24-stunden-open-data-das-meetup-zum-achten-wikidata-geburtstag/ 24 hours of open data - The meetup for the eighth Wikidata birthday], Blogpost by Lea Lacroix (in German) ** [https://wikimedia.se/2020/11/17/framtiden-for-riksdagens-data-i-wikidata/?_thumbnail_id=10186 The future of the Riksdag's data in Wikidata]. Blogpost by Jan Ainali (in Swedish) ** [https://doi.org/10.1093/NAR/GKAA1024 WikiPathways: connecting communities]: research article outlining, among other things, how Wikidata is used and integrated ** [http://www.bobdc.com/blog/osmpluswikidata/ Using SPARQL to combine Wikidata and OSM triples] ** [https://zenodo.org/record/4279611#.X7bTTSWPWEf ANN: A platform to annotate text with Wikidata IDs] (report) ''"Report of the work done by the Ann team at the eLife Sprint 2020. It describes the effort pursued towards a system for universal annotation of biomedical articles using the collaborative knowledge graph of Wikidata".'' ** TU Dresden lecture on Knowledge Graphs (replay) *** Wikidata introduction - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKr8Uz4PneQ YouTube] *** Content model of Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwhDkxDwsbA YouTube] *** How the content of Wikidata can be represented in RDF - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su0V8OmM0pU YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Teester/EntityShape.js|EntityShape.js]] is a script that allows you to check an Item against an EntitySchema. On the Item page, it will display various information about the Item, like the properties that should be present on the Item. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The proposals phase of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] is open until November 30th. You can submit wishes in various categories, like [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Wikidata|Wikidata]]. ** [https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/SMWCon_Fall_2020 SMWCon 2020 virtual conference is from 24 to 26 November 2020]. Do not forget to register at Hopin! ** [https://kanopi.io/company/updates/2020_11_16_weekly_newsletter_9.md The note-taking app Kanopi got first pieces of Wikidata integration.] ** [http://magnusmanske.de/wordpress/?p=650 The Listeria Evolution]: Listeria has got an update ** Wikimedia Deutschland has two open positions around the Wikidata development team; [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/4361894/Full-Stack-Developer-m-f-d-/?jobDbPVId=21890437&_ga=2.117843721.1666319849.1605900771-1686350039.1605900771&l=de Full Stack Developer] and [https://wikimedia-deutschland.softgarden.io/job/8136694/Partner-Relationship-Manager-m-f-d-/?jobDbPVId=22272186&_ga=2.117843721.1666319849.1605900771-1686350039.1605900771&l=de Partner Relationship Manager] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8822|epithet]], [[:d:Property:P8824|attraction to]], [[:d:Property:P8839|hairstyle]], [[:d:Property:P8843|poverty incidence]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8812|IMMuB artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P8813|IMMuB album ID]], [[:d:Property:P8814|WordNet 3.1 Synset ID]], [[:d:Property:P8815|IAFD film distributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P8816|Yandex Zen ID]], [[:d:Property:P8817|NCAA school code]], [[:d:Property:P8818|Church of Jesus Christ pioneer ID]], [[:d:Property:P8819|Pitchfork artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P8820|Monuments de mémoire ID]], [[:d:Property:P8821|Memorial Book for the Victims of National Socialism ID]], [[:d:Property:P8823|Xfinity Stream ID]], [[:d:Property:P8825|Sports-Reference.com college basketball school ID]], [[:d:Property:P8826|edition humboldt digital ID]], [[:d:Property:P8827|GitLab username]], [[:d:Property:P8828|AAA attraction ID]], [[:d:Property:P8829|Swiss-Gym Male ID]], [[:d:Property:P8830|Swiss-Gym Female ID]], [[:d:Property:P8831|Museum Day ID]], [[:d:Property:P8832|PAN member]], [[:d:Property:P8833|Union Catalog of Armenian Libraries authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P8834|MetaSat ID]], [[:d:Property:P8835|Visages du diocèse d'Autun ID]], [[:d:Property:P8836|SPOnG game ID]], [[:d:Property:P8837|Prêtres du diocèse de Quimper ID]], [[:d:Property:P8838|LibraryThing venue ID]], [[:d:Property:P8840|Union des artistes ID]], [[:d:Property:P8841|Restaurant Guru Restaurant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8842|PromoDj ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/vénéré à|vénéré à]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Number of blood donors|Number of blood donors]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/People reached|People reached]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of awards|number of awards]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has positive marker|has positive marker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID pattern|ID pattern]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/lunar coordinates|lunar coordinates]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/adjacent to|adjacent to]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/date posted|date posted]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ITRANS|ITRANS]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Library at Kolkata romanization|National Library at Kolkata romanization]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/complementary property|complementary property]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MTRCB rating|MTRCB rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBLP conference ID|DBLP conference ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fait l'objet d'une vénération à|fait l'objet d'une vénération à]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DriveThruComics numeric publisher identifier|DriveThruComics numeric publisher identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hyperion Records person ID|Hyperion Records person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arken|Arken]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AAA hotel ID|AAA hotel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AAA restaurant ID|AAA restaurant ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AAA campground ID|AAA campground ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AstroGen ID|AstroGen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reliwiki page ID|Reliwiki page ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sonneveld-index|Sonneveld-index]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SIL ID|SIL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AniDB Episode ID|AniDB Episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID|Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lumni ID|Lumni ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archives at Yale Names ID|Archives at Yale Names ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/nMw Aberdeen recycling centers and recycling points] ([https://twitter.com/watty62/status/1330154154858262528 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/my4 Map of Semantic Web in Libraries 2020 participant's institutions] (federated query) ([https://twitter.com/nichtich/status/1329712307967037440 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/mYx Women who play chess and have a Wikipedia article in Spanish] (They are 132 while men have 899 entries) ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1329540876633317381 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/nFz Timeline of Dietary Advocates] ([https://twitter.com/SciHiBlog/status/1329472653833482244 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/nag Philosophers born between 0 and 500 grouped by the decade where they lived] ([https://twitter.com/inforapid/status/1330435382211727360 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/naJ Video games from ''?country''] (template) ([https://twitter.com/JeanFred/status/1329103807272407043 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Query Builder: We're making it possible to switch between querying for specific values (e.g. all Items with a specific post code) or any value (all Items with a post code statement regardless of which one it is) ** Correcting the behaviour of what automatically happens on Wikidata when a page is moved on Wikipedia and co to an excluded namespace with the "suppress redirect" option ([[phab:T261275]]) ** Making language fallback indicators not show up for language variant fallbacks in a few more places ([[phab:T267502]]) ** Adding html language attributes for statements linking to Forms and Senses ([[phab:T267023]]) ** Working on language and lexical category fields turning red on unfocus even though no changes are made after a change in ooui ([[phab:T266936]]) ** Finished building the 1.35 versions of the Wikibase base and bundle docker images and published to [https://hub.docker.com/r/wikibase/wikibase dockerhub] ([[phab:T264538]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 11 23|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:21, 23 Nuwamba, 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20699822 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #444 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: We will have several speakers joining us to discuss their projects in lightning talks, 1 December. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zcTZEmk8yTgmTug3oYFuG_gEn6E5O-tweomgzuqWY0M/edit# Agenda] ** Upcoming: WMF search platform team office hour, Wednesday, December 2nd, 2020. 16:00-17:00 GMT / 08:00-09:00 PST / 11:00-12:00 EST / 17:00-18:00 CET. [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Search_Platform_Office_Hours Etherpad], [https://meet.google.com/vyc-jvgq-dww Google Meet]. You can come and chat about the Wikidata & Commons Query Service. ** Online edition of the [[m:Coolest Tool Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] ceremony, on Friday, December 11th at 17:00 UTC. ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#41|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #41]], December 6 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.05841.pdf Linking OpenStreetMap with knowledge graphs — Link discovery for schema-agnostic volunteered geographic information] (the KGs referred to are Wikidata & DBPedia) ** [https://www.kcl.ac.uk/giwl/assets/covid-media-analysis.pdf "Women’s representation and voice in media coverage of the coronavirus crisis"]: an analysis linking news articles to information on Wikipedia and Wikidata. **[http://lubianat.github.io/wikidata_bib Wikidata Bib v0], prototype for personalized analytics of scientific readings using Wikidata. ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NXbPOAjZBY Strategies for Assembling the Biodiversity Knowledge Graph] by Roderic Page ** Video: Semantic Web in Libraries 2020 (replay) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_a_W3_i4L6o ORCID for Wikidata: A workflow for matching author and publication items in Wikidata] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvcBBRZ_sUM id.loc.gov and Wikidata, one year later] * '''Tool of the week''' **[https://github.com/NicolasTe/osm2kg osm2kg] is a tool to facilitate matching Wikidata entries to OSM nodes. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014398.html The second edition of the Coolest Tool Award will happen online on Friday 11 December 2020 at 17:00 UTC] The awarded tools will be showcased in a virtual event, with broadcasted video and chat channels for socializing. ** The University of Nevada has an open position around Wikidata; [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014392.html Digital Collections Wikimedian-in-Residence] ** Round 2 of the consultation on using Wikidata for curriculum digitization begun on November 24<sup>th</sup>, and will end on December 7<sup>th</sup>. You can participate by sharing your ideas in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdL_LDiknFo-o2D7mbiaIqfcPP6y-s182LfuBD1QTU9m5TwZA/viewform this response form] (Google forms) ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014399.html Wiki Movimento Brasil will support WikidataCon 2021] ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html Wikidata descriptions changes will be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist on Wikimedia wikis] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8852|facial hair]], [[:d:Property:P8864|identity element]], [[:d:Property:P8865|mathematical inverse]], [[:d:Property:P8866|has operator]], [[:d:Property:P8872|has marker]], [[:d:Property:P8874|Hong Kong film rating]], [[:d:Property:P8875|indexed in bibliographic review]], [[:d:Property:P8876|number of taxpayers]], [[:d:Property:P8881|ITRANS]], [[:d:Property:P8882|complementary property]], [[:d:Property:P8884|number of points/goals attempted]], [[:d:Property:P8887|Water area]], [[:d:Property:P8889|MTRCB rating]], [[:d:Property:P8890|power consumption index]], [[:d:Property:P8891|heating energy consumption index]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8844|Absolute Games person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8845|FIS grass skier ID]], [[:d:Property:P8846|FISG athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P8847|Kinorium movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P8848|CONOR.AL ID]], [[:d:Property:P8849|CONOR.BG ID]], [[:d:Property:P8850|CONOR.KS ID]], [[:d:Property:P8851|CONOR.SR ID]], [[:d:Property:P8853|Musica Brasilis ID]], [[:d:Property:P8854|Salzburgwiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8855|IEV number]], [[:d:Property:P8856|British Phonographic Industry ID]], [[:d:Property:P8857|CRGPG ID]], [[:d:Property:P8858|Drizly product ID]], [[:d:Property:P8860|Canada Business Number]], [[:d:Property:P8861|FINA Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8862|Foodlocate restaurant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8863|Qobuz label ID]], [[:d:Property:P8867|AAA campground ID]], [[:d:Property:P8868|AAA hotel ID]], [[:d:Property:P8869|AAA restaurant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8870|Hyperion Records person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8871|Southwest Harbor Public Library item ID]], [[:d:Property:P8873|DriveThruComics numeric publisher identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8877|Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ID]], [[:d:Property:P8878|HLTV player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8879|Kinorium person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8880|AstroGen ID]], [[:d:Property:P8883|BBC sound effects asset ID]], [[:d:Property:P8885|Namuwiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8886|CIP data sheet]], [[:d:Property:P8888|AniDB episode ID]], [[:d:Property:P8892|edition humboldt digital Flora ID]], [[:d:Property:P8893|Sistema de Información Legislativa ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ELSPA rating|ELSPA rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cites work string|cites work string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/artistic director|artistic director]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MDJF ID|MDJF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Coordinates of depicted place|Coordinates of depicted place]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/first family name in Portuguese name|first family name in Portuguese name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/propriétés à éviter|propriétés à éviter]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commons category for the view from the item|Commons category for the view from the item]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmstriben film-ID|Filmstriben film-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mailing List|Mailing List]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/provides HTML microdata|provides HTML microdata]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/provides JSON-LD data|provides JSON-LD data]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/vets.cz ID|vets.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parler ID|Parler ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HAL Journal id|HAL Journal id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fitzwilliam Museum ID|Fitzwilliam Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Gallery of Australia ID|National Gallery of Australia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U.S. Masters Swimming ID|U.S. Masters Swimming ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gab ID|Gab ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo del Prado ID|Museo del Prado ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Gallery of Ireland ID|National Gallery of Ireland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Auckland Art Gallery ID|Auckland Art Gallery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artfacts ID|Artfacts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Order of Canada ID|Order of Canada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SKD ID|SKD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DIA ID|DIA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ZOBODAT|ZOBODAT]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AppGallery app ID|AppGallery app ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech Gymnastics athlete ID|Czech Gymnastics athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Students of Prague Universities ID|Students of Prague Universities ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Amsterdam Museum ID|Amsterdam Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/theses.cz ID|theses.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/curid|curid]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/nhq Politicians with an account at GitHub, CPAN, or Wikimedia] ([https://twitter.com/nichtich/status/1330886648880619522 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/nir Percentage of deaths caused by tuberculosis by decade] ([https://twitter.com/sandpapier/status/1330930615810744322 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/nja Number of programming languages and their paradigms] ([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1330950329660305408 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/o7F Museums within 2 miles of MoMA] (federated query) ([https://twitter.com/edwardbetts/status/1331969708887826432 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/mYg Largest cities of the world ordered by population] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1332207421230632961 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/oHz Italian politicians who served as a minister in more than one cabinet since 1990] ([https://twitter.com/i_m_andrea/status/1332321608829198337 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ohG People born after 1800 whose “name in native language” is in Latin] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1333024285657591809 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ohH UK statues and whether they are of nobles and/or women] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1332782739284779009 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ohK Location of German cities with a population count greater than 50.000] ([https://twitter.com/robbi5/status/1332757685247348736 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/oNW Map of medicines used (green) to fight infectious diseases (orange)] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1332596090391195650 Source]) ** Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E125|museum]] * '''Development''' ** Development on the Query Builder is continuing. You can follow along at https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org ** Fixed an issue where language fallback indicators were still shown when falling back from a variant of the language ([[phab:T267502]]) ** Fixed an issue on Lexeme pages where language and lexical category fields turn red on unfocus even though no changes were made ([[phab:T266936]]) ** Working on improving what happens to sitelinks when an article is moved to a unsupported namespace ([[phab:T261275)]]) ** Investigating a significant increase in skipped Item IDs ([[phab:T268625]]) ** Addressing the feedback for the draft of the REST API spec [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 11 30|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:44, 30 Nuwamba, 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20706846 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #445 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** [[d:User talk:ChristianKl/Draft:ProposeDeletion|Comment]] on a [[d:User:ChristianKl/Draft:ProposeDeletion|proposal for proposed deletion system]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXVI|Wikidata Lab XXVI: Structured citations module on Wikipedia]], presented in English by [[user:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]] ([[m:Wiki Movimento Brasil|Wiki Movimento Brasil]]). The event is supported by a [[m:Wikicite/e-scholarship/Mike Peel (Cite Q improvements)|WikiCite e-scholarship]]. December 8th 17:00 UTC (14:00 BRT), via [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2AiaRHVesjQYv3pbq5qpdQ YouTube]. ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, December 8 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: Wikimedia 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony, December 11th at 17:00 GMT ([[m:Coolest_Tool_Award#Coolest_Tool_Award_2020|details]]) ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Meetup_#42|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #42]], December 13 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/12/01/slavery-database-family-genealogy/ A massive new effort to name millions sold into bondage during the transatlantic slave trade]. The Washington Post writes about [http://enslaved.org enslaved.org], a Wikibase instance run at Michigan State University, that collects and creates Linked Open Data about the transatlantic slave trade. ([https://twitter.com/johl/status/1334548022244614148 Source]) ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IV2tjuYLEyc Introduction to Wikidata by and with Alicia Fagerving from Wikipedia Day 2020] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE9ZvwYCNnQ How to use Wikidata Mix'n'match tool] - YouTube ** Video: Semantic Web in Libraries 2020 (replay) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNI6ty4gpDw Linking K10plus library union catalog with Wikidata] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4tzlOeDBG9c Building Wikidata One Branch of Knowledge at a Time] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Zvpunry/EntitySchemaHighlighter.js|User:Zvpunry/EntitySchemaHighlighter.js]] user script highlights the entities in the content of a Schema and shows information when hovering the link. (2020-12-07) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** We now have a central repository for [https://github.com/maxlath/wikibase-cli-template-collection wikibase-cli templates], with the aim to document best practices, offer general purpose request/create/edit templates, but also offer more niche templates as examples of what's possible: contributions and template requests welcome! * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8864|identity element]], [[:d:Property:P8865|mathematical inverse]], [[:d:Property:P8866|has operator]], [[:d:Property:P8872|has marker]], [[:d:Property:P8874|Hong Kong film rating]], [[:d:Property:P8875|indexed in bibliographic review]], [[:d:Property:P8876|number of taxpayers]], [[:d:Property:P8881|ITRANS]], [[:d:Property:P8882|complementary property]], [[:d:Property:P8884|number of points/goals attempted]], [[:d:Property:P8887|water area]], [[:d:Property:P8889|MTRCB rating]], [[:d:Property:P8890|power consumption index]], [[:d:Property:P8891|heating energy consumption index]], [[:d:Property:P8898|road name formatter]], [[:d:Property:P8901|ELSPA rating]], [[:d:Property:P8927|kunya]], [[:d:Property:P8929|religion or world view]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8861|FINA Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8862|Foodlocate restaurant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8863|Qobuz label ID]], [[:d:Property:P8867|AAA campground ID]], [[:d:Property:P8868|AAA hotel ID]], [[:d:Property:P8869|AAA restaurant ID]], [[:d:Property:P8870|Hyperion Records person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8871|Southwest Harbor Public Library item ID]], [[:d:Property:P8873|DriveThruComics numeric publisher identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8877|Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada ID]], [[:d:Property:P8878|HLTV player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8879|Kinorium person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8880|AstroGen ID]], [[:d:Property:P8883|BBC sound effects asset ID]], [[:d:Property:P8885|Namuwiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8886|CIP data sheet]], [[:d:Property:P8888|AniDB episode ID]], [[:d:Property:P8892|edition humboldt digital Flora ID]], [[:d:Property:P8893|Sistema de Información Legislativa ID]], [[:d:Property:P8894|BG EIK]], [[:d:Property:P8895|All the Tropes identifier]], [[:d:Property:P8896|Concise Literary Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8897|Reliwiki page ID]], [[:d:Property:P8899|Arken ID]], [[:d:Property:P8900|HuijiWiki Wiki ID]], [[:d:Property:P8902|Archives at Yale names ID]], [[:d:Property:P8903|HAL journal id]], [[:d:Property:P8904|Parler username]], [[:d:Property:P8905|Museo del Prado ID]], [[:d:Property:P8906|National Gallery of Ireland ID]], [[:d:Property:P8907|Auckland Art Gallery artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P8908|CINE21 film ID]], [[:d:Property:P8909|National Gallery of Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8910|Fitzwilliam Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P8911|Sonneveld-index]], [[:d:Property:P8912|Kicker.de player ID (actual scheme)]], [[:d:Property:P8913|NSSDCA ID]], [[:d:Property:P8914|ZOBODAT person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8915|ZOBODAT taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8916|DIA ID]], [[:d:Property:P8917|SKD ID]], [[:d:Property:P8918|Max Movie film ID]], [[:d:Property:P8919|Gab username]], [[:d:Property:P8920|Movist film ID]], [[:d:Property:P8921|KOBIS ID]], [[:d:Property:P8922|Amsterdam Museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P8923|SMB-digital ID]], [[:d:Property:P8924|State Catalogue of the Museum Fund of Russia artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P8925|CQVIP article ID]], [[:d:Property:P8926|DBLP conference ID]], [[:d:Property:P8928|Filmstriben film-ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cites work string|cites work string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/artistic director|artistic director]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MDJF ID|MDJF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Coordinates of depicted place|Coordinates of depicted place]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/first family name in Portuguese name|first family name in Portuguese name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/propriétés à éviter|propriétés à éviter]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commons category for the view from the item|Commons category for the view from the item]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mailing List|Mailing List]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/curid|curid]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/provides HTML microdata|provides HTML microdata]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/provides JSON-LD data|provides JSON-LD data]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/archaeological site of|archaeological site of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/does not have cause|does not have cause]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/conductor for|conductor for]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reason for normal rank|reason for normal rank]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/value is one of|value is one of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/tribunsdelaplebe.fr ID|tribunsdelaplebe.fr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/lineage marker|lineage marker]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has surface|has surface]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBLP journal id|DBLP journal id]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/U.S. Masters Swimming ID|U.S. Masters Swimming ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Artfacts ID|Artfacts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Order of Canada ID|Order of Canada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AppGallery app ID|AppGallery app ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech Gymnastics athlete ID|Czech Gymnastics athlete ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Students of Prague Universities ID|Students of Prague Universities ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/theses.cz ID|theses.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyklopedie mostů v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku ID|Encyklopedie mostů v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CollEx-Persée ID|CollEx-Persée ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Galileo Project ID|The Galileo Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dizionario degli artisti ID|Dizionario degli artisti ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo Galileo biography ID|Museo Galileo biography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo Galileo authority ID|Museo Galileo authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Marciana owner ID|Biblioteca Marciana owner ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chinese Painting Database ID|Chinese Painting Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Galleries of Scotland ID|National Galleries of Scotland ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bavarian State Painting Collections ID|Bavarian State Painting Collections ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chapels of southern Bohemia ID|Chapels of southern Bohemia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kunsthistorisches Museum ID|Kunsthistorisches Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Max-Movie-Personen-ID|Max-Movie-Personen-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CINE21 person ID|CINE21 person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Georgia Museum of Art ID|Georgia Museum of Art ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Basic Formal Ontology ID|Basic Formal Ontology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fichier des décès ID|Fichier des décès ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/pZJ Russian cuisine] *** [https://w.wiki/p93 Belgian artists that rise to the public domain in 2021] ([https://twitter.com/JolanWuyts/status/1334423740915052545 Source]) *** [http://w.wiki/ocs Asian food made from noodles] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1333977873649168384 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/oxF Bubble diagram by wiki page numbers in each language on objects kept at the Bardo National Museum (note: Commons is counted as English)] ([https://twitter.com/belett/status/1333842773498335234 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/pH5 Amusement parks around the world] ([https://twitter.com/aboutgeo/status/1333761407498727424 Source]) ** Schema examples: [[d:EntitySchema:E272|Video game]] * '''Development''' ** Simple Query Builder development continues. We worked on combining different query conditions as well as internationalisation. ** Making the precision translatable in geocoordinate and date inputs ([[phab:T269102]]) ** Changes to descriptions in a specific language now show up on watchlist and recent changes on the Wikipedia and co for that language ([[phab:T191831]]) ** Finished working on the problem of incorrectly-escaped label being included in a link to Special:NewItem if there are no search results ([[phab:T263258]]) ** Investigating why we're currently skipping a significant number of Item IDs ([[phab:T268625]]) ** Wikibase Release Strategy/Infrastructure: We have decided where to host future Docker and tarball releases of Wikibase. You can read about the details and the reasoning in the following ADRs: [https://github.com/wmde/wikibase-release-prototype/blob/main/docs/adr/0001-docker-image-repository.md Docker Image Repository], [https://github.com/wmde/wikibase-release-prototype/blob/main/docs/adr/0002-tarball-hosting.md Tarball Repository] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** [[d:User:Yupik/Detanglement|Help untangle items]] that refer to different concepts. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 12 07|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:31, 7 Disamba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20753468 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #446 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Adopt Help:SitelinksToRedirects as policy|Adopt Help:SitelinksToRedirects as policy]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, December 15 at 18:00 CET ** Past: [[m:WikiConference North America/2020]] ** Past: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10jWyh-Ca84 Localization and structuring of open data-Zhu Tinghong-Wikidata Community of Local Studies] - MOPCON 2020 (replay), YouTube ** Past: SMWCon 2020/Day 2 - "Wikidata Walkabout" by Yaron Koren (replay), YouTube ** Past: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2AiaRHVesjQYv3pbq5qpdQ Wikidata Lab XXVI: Structured citations module on Wikipedia] (replay), YouTube * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://zbw.eu/labs/en/blog/building-the-swib20-participants-map Building the SWIB20 participants map] - combining Wikidata with custom data points via a federated query (ZBW Labs). ** [http://mappingthescottishreformation.org/announcements/launch/ Introducing the Mapping the Scottish Reformation Website] - A new Wikidata-driven website to explore the Scottish Reformation. ** [https://jsamwrites.medium.com/introduction-to-querying-wikidata-knowledge-graph-using-sparql-e1e15fab4699 Introduction to Querying Wikidata Knowledge Graph using SPARQL] by John Samuel ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmzEk8uYSf4 LIVE Wikidata editing #25 - climate change], YouTube ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5FbsUb6Nek How to take data from OpenRefine to Wikidata through QuickStatements], YouTube ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0vGW2vYryU Editing Wikidata live - casual session] by Jan Ainali, YouTube * '''Tool of the week''' ** <code>[http://search.datao.net/?q=david+gilmour&resource=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fentity%2FQ5234146&endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql&namedgraph=&interests=2096143746082&classgraph=90963820290576 datao.net]</code> is a visual tool for querying and exposing Wikidata easily. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The Coolest Tool Award 2020 featured some Wikidata tools: [[d:Q60024037|Lingua Libre]] won in the category “Diversity”; [https://listeria.toolforge.org/ Listeria], [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/ Lexeme Forms] and [[d:Q98398855|Entity Explosion]] got honorable mentions. Congratulations! **[[d:Help:Property_constraints_portal/Recency|Complex constraint check for recency of value]] ** The voting phase of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] is open until December 21st. You can vote on as many wishes as you want. There's [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Wikidata|a separate category for Wikidata]]. ** [[d:Template:Notebook Given name|Template:Notebook Given name]] is a new template which gives for each given name a list of useful SPARQL queries. The template can be used on the talk page of given names. See [[d:talk:Q16002466|Alexandre (Q16002466)]] for an example. Comments are Contributions are welcome. ** The [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/December 2020|next Wikibase live session]] is 16:00 UTC on Thursday 17 December 2020 [https://calendar.google.com/event?action=TEMPLATE&tmeid=NnM5bWhxYTA5cmg1czMxNDY4NW9idm1pNzAgY183MXZ0MTdhNXFtbTFnYXFlNm1wdjNpYW9kc0Bn&tmsrc=c_71vt17a5qmm1gaqe6mpv3iaods%40group.calendar.google.com (Add to calendar)]. We will have a few people share out about their project in the first half of the call and then continue our conversation from the last session about what will be a better platform for community discussions. Everyone is welcome to attend! * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8933|category for the view from the item]], [[:d:Property:P8934|mailing list archive]], [[:d:Property:P8942|word lookup]], [[:d:Property:P8952|inappropriate property for this type]], [[:d:Property:P8956|compatible with]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8930|Church of Jesus Christ missionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P8931|Encyklopedie mostů v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku ID]], [[:d:Property:P8932|Czech Gymnastics athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P8935|Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Property:P8936|CollEx-Persée ID]], [[:d:Property:P8937|theses.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P8939|Google Play developer slug]], [[:d:Property:P8940|AppGallery app ID]], [[:d:Property:P8941|The Galileo Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P8943|Artfacts ID]], [[:d:Property:P8944|Biblioteca Marciana owner ID]], [[:d:Property:P8945|Museo Galileo biography ID]], [[:d:Property:P8946|National Galleries of Scotland ID]], [[:d:Property:P8947|Museo Galileo authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P8948|Bavarian State Painting Collections artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P8949|Delft municipal monument ID]], [[:d:Property:P8950|Dizionario degli artisti ID]], [[:d:Property:P8951|Order of Canada recipient ID]], [[:d:Property:P8953|Students of Prague Universities ID]], [[:d:Property:P8954|vets.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P8955|Chapels of southern Bohemia ID]], [[:d:Property:P8957|GS1 GPC brick code]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/insufficiently precise value|insufficiently precise value]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenReview.net group ID|OpenReview.net group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenReview.net submission ID|OpenReview.net submission ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenReview.net profile ID|OpenReview.net profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applies when property is used|applies when property is used]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/River Code|River Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikimedian in Residence|Wikimedian in Residence]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commons compatible image available at URL (non-artwork)|Commons compatible image available at URL (non-artwork)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of at bats|number of at bats]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/runs batted in|runs batted in]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/stolen bases|stolen bases]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/subdivision monétaire|subdivision monétaire]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PBA ID|PBA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries IDs|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LFH staff ID|LFH staff ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cephalopod Ontology entity ID|Cephalopod Ontology entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fungal gross anatomy entity ID|Fungal gross anatomy entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plant Ontology entity ID|Plant Ontology entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology entity ID|Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DataTrek ID|DataTrek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DBLP publication ID|DBLP publication ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeriodO period ID|PeriodO period ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KANTO|KANTO]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CITWF title ID|CITWF title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CITWF person ID|CITWF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant de la Cinémathèque québécoise pour une personne|identifiant de la Cinémathèque québécoise pour une personne]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia Titanica ID|Encyclopedia Titanica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DzygaMDB film|DzygaMDB film]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DzygaMDB person ID|DzygaMDB person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/XXXBios female performer ID|XXXBios female performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/XXXBios transgender performer ID|XXXBios transgender performer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AVN movie ID|AVN movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lichess Username|Lichess Username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Evil Angel movie ID|Evil Angel movie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Evil Angel video ID|Evil Angel video ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/pZo All stumbling stones in the city of Hannover] *** [https://reasonator.toolforge.org/?q=Q104070264 (partial) list, timeline and gallery of successful ascents of Mount Everest (and few other summits)] *** [https://w.wiki/qFU Web & social media URLs for UK Civic Societies] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1337563387505602560 Source]) *** Publication related to Research Institute of Text Analysis and Applications: [https://w.wiki/qEF no. of pages per author/year], [https://w.wiki/qEH authors network] ([https://twitter.com/espejolento/status/1337459979289149440 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/oH9 Map of the ritual objects said to be used by accused witches in Scotland (colourcoded layer accessible on top right to see the list of objects)] ([https://twitter.com/emcandre/status/1337087720108273669 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/pkL Seats of the Parliament of England, and the first year we have a named person listed for them] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1336457097064689664 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/pZw Female race car drivers on Spanish Wikipedia] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1336423828973563912 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/qWY Places of Geological Interest in Alamedilla] ([https://twitter.com/olea/status/1338431105993740288 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/pkg Number of Nature articles that were published on a Sunday in a given year] ** Schema examples: ***[[d:EntitySchema:E206|Schema for stumbling stones]] ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ***[[Wikidata:WikiProject Agriculture|Agriculture]] * '''Development''' ** We spend the week doing some exploratory work for the next year. Among other things we looked into how to measure the number of constraint violations on an average Item and what we can learn from it. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 12 14|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:42, 14 Disamba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20753468 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #447 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Past: OpenAlt 2020 Conference (replay) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH2n2UFr40U Wikidata: how to get involved] (in Czech) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1kQJs4Y1tg Lexemes on Wikidata] (in Czech) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Video: HGAPS Speaker Series by Thomas Shafee *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lN_mRmP8tJs Wikidata Overview: how you can use it to improve the overall knowledge base of the Internet] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQEWrd_dz68 Wikidata Walkthrough: hands-on editing experience] ** Wikidata for Bat Collectors, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYvoXKBSGA8 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** '''Wikidata Live''' is a real-time visual dashboard for Wikidata edits; [http://fabriziorlandi.net/pdf/2020/ISWC2020-VOILA_Real_Time_WikiData.pdf paper], [https://isobelm.github.io/Software-Engineering/#/ interface] (visualizes recent changes to Wikidata in quasi real time). * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' **[[d:Help:Property constraints portal/Label language|Complex constraint about labels' language]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8963|National Library at Kolkata romanization]], [[:d:Property:P8966|URL match pattern]], [[:d:Property:P8967|URL match replacement value]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8958|ClassInd audiovisual work ID]], [[:d:Property:P8959|Georgia Museum of Art ID]], [[:d:Property:P8960|Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien ID]], [[:d:Property:P8961|tribunsdelaplebe.fr ID]], [[:d:Property:P8962|PBA artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P8964|OpenReview.net profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P8965|OpenReview.net group ID]], [[:d:Property:P8968|OpenReview.net submission ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicable "stated in" value|applicable "stated in" value]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WMF hosted image that could be moved to Commons|WMF hosted image that could be moved to Commons]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Category for the view of the item|Category for the view of the item]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSM object|OSM object]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/property related to this topic|property related to this topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/personality traits|personality traits]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/graph girth|graph girth]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC romanization]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SAPA|SAPA]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Manus Online author ID|Manus Online author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapy.cz ID|Mapy.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CollectieGelderland-creator-ID|CollectieGelderland-creator-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SVTplay identifier|SVTplay identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Mediafilm|identifiant Mediafilm]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFLA form of music ID|IFLA form of music ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFLA key of musical work ID|IFLA key of musical work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFLA mode of musical work ID|IFLA mode of musical work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RDA support type ID|RDA support type ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SLAM artwork ID|SLAM artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kunstmuseum Basel ID|Kunstmuseum Basel ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NPG ID|NPG ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/jeuxvideo.com ID|jeuxvideo.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dizionario bio-bibliografico dei bibliotecari italiani del XX secolo ID|Dizionario bio-bibliografico dei bibliotecari italiani del XX secolo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Google Podcasts show ID|Google Podcasts show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Museums Greenwich ID|Royal Museums Greenwich ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PIAC ID|PIAC ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Castbox show ID|Castbox show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stitcher show ID|Stitcher show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pocket Casts show ID|Pocket Casts show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Podcast Addict show ID|Podcast Addict show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Radio.com Podcasts show ID|Radio.com Podcasts show ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** [[d:Wikidata:Properties for deletion|Deleted properties]]: [[Wikidata:Requests_for_deletions/Archive/2019/Properties/1#P969|street address (P969)]] ** Query examples: ***[https://w.wiki/qpc Tex-Mex singers] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1339667100433059841 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/mPZ Map of images from Wicipics project (photography campaign in Wales)] ([https://twitter.com/WICI_LLGC/status/1339242270873313282 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/rNb Vito Russo Test in Wikidata] *** [https://w.wiki/rTz Distinct dialects of Wikidata lexemes] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1340973195827048451 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/qtH Patronage of rapid-transit transportation] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1340437955916288001 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/r6c People who played Julius Caesar, and what "version" of him they played] ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject Media Representation|Media Representation]] ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Names/reports/given names/Italian|Reports on Italian given names]] * '''Development''' ** Continuing to work on the query builder. It can now have more than one query conditions. One of the next steps is making it possible to query for Item values. You can follow along on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ demo system]. ** Finished working on the problem of values of Statements that link to Forms and Senses not having language attributes associated with them in the HTML code ([[phab:T267023)]] ** Fixed language selectors covering other input fields when using keyboard navigation for Special:NewItem and Special:NewLexeme ([[phab:T266638]]) ** Fixed language fallback indicators sometimes still shown for variant fallbacks ([[phab:T267502]]) ** Working on whitespace stripped while typing when editing lexemes ([[phab:T250550]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Help add [[d:Q5|human (Q5)]] to [[d:Help:Property_constraints_portal/Property_Scope_Constraint/Properties_without_property_scope_constraint|properties that currently don't have it]]. ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** [[d:User:Yupik/Detanglement|Help untangle items]] that refer to different concepts. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 12 21|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:50, 21 Disamba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20872747 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #448 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for CheckUser: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/CheckUser/1997kB|997kB]] ** There's a [[d:Talk:Q21510856#mandatory_%E2%86%92_required|discussion]] about what the best label for [[d:Q21510856|required qualifier constraint]] happens to be. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Ongoing: [https://rc3.world/rc3/ rC3] (remote Chaos Communication Congress). Several Wikidata-related talks and meetups happening on December 27th, 28th and 29th: introduction to Wikidata, Wikidata for datajournalists, Wikidata meetups in German and English, and a Query Service workshop. (see [https://cfp.verschwoerhaus.de/rc3-2020/schedule/ Wikipaka schedule] for more details) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:Template:TP administrative area|Template:TP administrative area]] is a new template designed for all items which are instance of [[d:Q56061|administrative territorial entity]]. It defines useful queries for those items. For example, <nowiki>{{QT|Q173695}}</nowiki> links to [[d:Talk:Q173695|this page]]. Feedback and contributions are welcome. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-December/096052.html Project Grants open call for proposals in 2021]. Changes in the review process for Project Grants in 2021; the open call for community organizing proposals will be from January 11 to February 10 and the open call for software and research proposals will be from February 15 to March 16. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8972|small logo or icon]], [[:d:Property:P8981|lunar coordinates]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8969|CINE21 person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8970|Chinese Painting Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P8971|Cinémathèque québécoise person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8973|Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Tasking Manager project ID]], [[:d:Property:P8974|SAPA ID]], [[:d:Property:P8975|Manus Online author ID]], [[:d:Property:P8976|Lichess username]], [[:d:Property:P8977|CITWF person ID]], [[:d:Property:P8978|DBLP publication ID]], [[:d:Property:P8979|DataTrek ID]], [[:d:Property:P8980|KANTO ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/abstract|abstract]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/thesis committee chair|thesis committee chair]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/character type|character type]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Calificación de videojuegos|Calificación de videojuegos]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Regente|Regente]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nação (candomblé)|Nação (candomblé)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Liderança|Liderança]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bharati Braille|Bharati Braille]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of walks|number of walks]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of hits|number of hits]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/doubles hit|doubles hit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/triples hit|triples hit]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Through point|Through point]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TuneIn Podcasts show ID|TuneIn Podcasts show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RadioPublic show ID|RadioPublic show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Player.fm show ID|Player.fm show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Rowing ID|World Rowing ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MNBAQ ID|MNBAQ ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Libsyn show ID|Libsyn show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PodBean show ID|PodBean show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BG School ID|BG School ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JAD ID|JAD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RDA value vocabularies ID|RDA value vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BHCL UUID|BHCL UUID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Podtail show ID|Podtail show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Provenio UUID|Provenio UUID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AbandonSocios ID|AbandonSocios ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mitre ATT&CK ID|Mitre ATT&CK ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexikon zum Literatur- und Kulturbetrieb im Österreich der Zwischenkriegszeit ID|Lexikon zum Literatur- und Kulturbetrieb im Österreich der Zwischenkriegszeit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Encyclopedia of the First World War ID|International Encyclopedia of the First World War ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SFLI ID|SFLI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Game UI Database ID|Game UI Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DiVo person ID|DiVo person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/e-GEDSH ID|e-GEDSH ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Projecto Vercial author ID|Projecto Vercial author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Calaméo ID|Calaméo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lumières Lausanne ID|Lumières Lausanne ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Unihockey Player ID|Swiss Unihockey Player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFF player ID|IFF player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Internet Game Database numeric game ID|Internet Game Database numeric game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AV Production person ID|AV Production person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon ID|Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Studium Parisiense ID|Studium Parisiense ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/I professori dell'Università di Pavia (1859-1961) ID|I professori dell'Università di Pavia (1859-1961) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/A*dS Encyclopedia|A*dS Encyclopedia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viceversa Letteratura author ID|Viceversa Letteratura author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ancient History Encyclopedia ID|Ancient History Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Podcast App show ID|The Podcast App show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/viaggiareinpuglia.it ID|viaggiareinpuglia.it ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Saami Culture ID|Encyclopedia of Saami Culture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DiCamillo Database Country House ID|DiCamillo Database Country House ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Standard Bible Encyclopedia ID|International Standard Bible Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Archive of Psychiatry ID|Biographical Archive of Psychiatry ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Play:Right video game ID|Play:Right video game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spletni biografski leksikon znanih Primorcev in Primork ID|Spletni biografski leksikon znanih Primorcev in Primork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TheCocktailDB ID|TheCocktailDB ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Muck Rack media outlet ID|Muck Rack media outlet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of the Czech Lands|Biographical Dictionary of the Czech Lands]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** Check Corona vaccine progress using Wikidata SPARQL to get metadata about the countries see [https://github.com/salgo60/CoronaVaccinationCheck/blob/main/README.md notebook] - SPARQL [https://w.wiki/sBQ query] * '''Development''' Due to the winter holidays, the development team is taking a break and no deployment is happening for Wikidata at the moment :) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Contribute/Suggested and open tasks|Suggested and open tasks]]! ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2020 12 28|Read the full report]]''' &middot; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] &middot; [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 18:35, 28 Disamba 2020 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20872747 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #449 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Administrator/Martin_Urbanec|Martin Urbanec]] (RfP scheduled to end after 7 January 2021 17:21 UTC) ** Should we rename [[d:Property:P119|place of burial (P119)]] to [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P119#Renaming_to_%22place_of_mortal_remains%22 place of mortal remains]? * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live SPARQL queries] on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, January 5 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #26 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4DcAuuvzmU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2861485764136582/ Facebook], 9 January ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#44|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #44]], January 10 ** Past: Wikidata sessions at [https://rc3.world/rc3/ rC3] (remote Chaos Communication Congress) (replay) *** [https://media.ccc.de/v/rc3-884268-introduction_to_wikidata Introduction to Wikidata] *** [https://media.ccc.de/v/rc3-985812-wikidata_for_data_journalists Wikidata for datajournalists] ** Past: Wikidata sessions at [https://summit.g0v.tw/2020/ g0vsummit2020] (in Chinese) (replay) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrG8QGZItSE Wikidata one year in Taiwan, what is our results and what is our future plan] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIsDdW0DHkU Challenges of GLAM Taiwan] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Video: Applying linked data model for the Bogotá Digital Library (in Spanish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82jgMoDSLlo YouTube] ** Video: Wikidata with Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Wikimedia Armenia - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZR5G7ptM9o YouTube] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i99Z8HK4OzA How to import scholarly articles to Wikidata using Zotero] - YouTube ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HKVuj54mUY How to import books to Wikidata using a spreadsheet and OpenRefine] - YouTube ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1Kv-29bryU How to import library materials to Wikidata using MarcEdit and OpenRefine] - YouTube ** Video: Introduction to Wikidata (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KaD86guPwMw YouTube] ** Video: Linking a new Wikipedia article to a Wikidata item - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qn4aNDwBea4 YouTube] ** Video: Schema and Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tSrbDgDD_4 YouTube] ** Video: Using Twinkle on Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwD9hGnJ0Z4 YouTube] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv9YwKnnQRk Managing Interlanguage links with Wikidata] (in Urdu) - YouTube ** Blog post: [https://ainali.com/2020/52-wikidata-weeks-2020/ 52 Wikidata weeks 2020] ** Blog post: [https://codethecity.org/2020/12/08/nautical-wrecks/ Scottish nautical wrecks in wikidata] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Bargioni/WikiBridge.js|User:Bargioni/WikiBridge.js]] userscript enables you to add a tabbed section to Wikidata items showing some paragraphs from Wikipedias chosen by the Babel languages of the logged-in user. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtuNY6t5ufM Demo video (in Italian)] * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[toollabs:lexeme-forms|Wikidata Lexeme Forms]] now lists languages on the index page using their autonyms (language name in that language). ([https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1337835057390739458 Source]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P8986|graph girth]], [[:d:Property:P8989|category for the view of the item]], [[:d:Property:P8991|ALA-LC romanization]], [[:d:Property:P9002|liturgical rank]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P8982|PIAC ID]], [[:d:Property:P8984|CPV Supplementary]], [[:d:Property:P8985|Dizionario bio-bibliografico dei bibliotecari italiani del XX secolo ID]], [[:d:Property:P8987|ISDS ID]], [[:d:Property:P8988|Mapy.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P8990|World Rowing ID (UUID format)]], [[:d:Property:P8992|1914-1918-Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P8993|JAD ID]], [[:d:Property:P8994|Game UI Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P8995|Lumières.Lausanne ID]], [[:d:Property:P8996|Swiss Unihockey player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8997|IFF player ID]], [[:d:Property:P8998|Magyar életrajzi lexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P8999|Lexikon zum Literatur- und Kulturbetrieb im Österreich der Zwischenkriegszeit ID]], [[:d:Property:P9000|Ancient History Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9001|Literary Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9003|Google Podcasts show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9004|Stitcher show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9005|Castbox show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9006|Pocket Casts show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9007|Podcast Addict show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9008|TuneIn Podcasts show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9009|RadioPublic show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9010|Player.fm show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9011|PodBean show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9012|Podtail show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9013|Encyclopedia of Saami Culture ID]], [[:d:Property:P9014|The Podcast App show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9015|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries manuscript ID]], [[:d:Property:P9016|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries work ID]], [[:d:Property:P9017|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9018|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9019|Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford Libraries organization ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YouTube custom URL|YouTube custom URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Author last names|Author last names]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Author first names|Author first names]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naval flag|Naval flag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/supplements|supplements]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/closed WMF project sitelink|closed WMF project sitelink]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has part (string value)|has part (string value)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/member|member]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of data sets|number of data sets]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFPI Danmark work ID|IFPI Danmark work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Museum in Warsaw ID|National Museum in Warsaw ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Olympedia Affiliations ID|Olympedia Affiliations ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFLA value vocabularies ID|IFLA value vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Erudit article ID|Erudit article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Olympedia Event ID|Olympedia Event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dati.beniculturali.it ID|dati.beniculturali.it ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Barnivore product ID|Barnivore product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivo Histórico de diputados de España ID|Archivo Histórico de diputados de España ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Port Letter|Port Letter]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FFF player ID (new scheme)|FFF player ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hungarian Film Archive ID|Hungarian Film Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GEPRIS-Historisch ID (Person)|GEPRIS-Historisch ID (Person)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EuroBabeIndex ID|EuroBabeIndex ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MFAT person ID|MFAT person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SportsLogos.net team ID|SportsLogos.net team ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Alpine Linux package|Alpine Linux package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine ID|Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Povos Indígenas no Brasil ID|Povos Indígenas no Brasil ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NLS place type ID|NLS place type ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookDepository publisher ID|BookDepository publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Historic People id|National Historic People id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NFL.com ID (new scheme)|NFL.com ID (new scheme)]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/sZ7 Works identified (via dedicated property P3893) as entering the public domain on 1/1/2021, ordered by number of articles on Wikimedia sites] ([https://twitter.com/maxlath/status/1344603741773852672 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/s6T Painters in the collections of Paris Musées which enter the public domain on January 1] ([https://twitter.com/Pyb75/status/1343238474833526786 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sSt Map of forts related to Dutch trading companies VOC and WIC] found in the [https://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl/ Atlas of Mutual Heritage] ([https://twitter.com/mmmenno/status/1344328300727054341 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/V7p Map of forts in the Cologne fortress ring] ([https://twitter.com/Raymond_de/status/1342429685960110080 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sYs First-level administrative divisions in Germany] *** [https://w.wiki/sLc Population of cities in Germany corresponds to the total number of vaccinations in Germany] ([https://twitter.com/johl/status/1343882895778308102 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sSF Most popular theorems according to their number of articles on Wikipedia] ([https://twitter.com/envlh/status/1344301749524459521 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sRE Number of people who have died, or been diagnosed, of COVID-19, grouped by occupation] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataEcho/status/1344239169325961216 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sou Deaths in 2020 - date of birth, date of death, cause of death and country of nationality] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataEcho/status/1345145070140448768 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sse Summary of a UK parliamentary career seat-party-start pairs]([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1343922362094399492 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/roX Timeline of aircraft types around the world and the first time a type of aircraft made a flight] ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1343882686364991490 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/qgD Indonesian legislation related to indigenous people] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataid/status/1341941672998035458 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/swa Which artist could be "D.K. 1964"?] ([[:d:Property_talk:P7457#Related_queries:_Who_could_be_%22J.B._1670%22_and_%22D.K._1964%22?|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/sU9 Line graph of colleges and universities in India by year of establishment] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1345610845015973889 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sTq Graph of Indian films that are remakes of other Indian films] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1345248459172012034 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sU7 Graph of academic descendants of C. R. Rao and K. Ananda Rau] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1345973236761124865 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sWv Map of gram panchayats in Kerala by literacy rate in 2001] ([https://twitter.com/naveenpf/status/1344882530382704641 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sTE Maps of different places in West Bengal according to suffix] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1345248459478196225 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/sTt Tree map of Rabindranath's poems according to the month of writing] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1345973233309257728 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/szR Count of locations of exhibitions on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/mmmenno/status/1345656216597442565 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/tBr Wikidata lexeme forms by language] ([https://twitter.com/62mkv/status/1345395334873305090 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Calendar Dates/lists/days/2021|2021]], [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Names/reports/given_names/Greek|Greek given names]] * '''Development''' ** Due to the winter holidays, no deployment has happened for Wikidata in the last two weeks. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 01 04|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:27, 4 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20924705 --> == delete == Hello Mustapha, Plz delete: *[[Module:Footnotes/anchor id list']] (wrong name with apostrophe) *[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/team]] (no longer used) Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 17:29, 6 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) :'''Done'''! [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]]. You gradually change the outlook of this project and now everything is looking good. Thank you, regards. –[[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-em''</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 18:21, 6 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) :: Another delete request plz: [[Module:Module:Country alias]], thanks. BTW, I've fixed most missing templates, but some need to be localized, I'll come back to you with a list. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 22:25, 9 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) :::Very much appreciate all your help to set knowledge free! Best regards. –[[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-em''</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 00:25, 10 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) Hello Mustapha, could you reduce the protection level of [[Module:Databox]]? I have improved its behaviour [[Module:Databox/sandbox|here]], now it looks much better and offers easy translation on wikidata (see this example: [[Jirgin sama]]). You could copy paste the content but I don't want to bother you for each little modification I make. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 20:05, 17 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) ::Thanks [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]], I set it to allow only autoconfirmed users. You don't have to worry, I'm here to help because I have the time. Regards [[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-em''</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 20:29, 17 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) Could you plz delete these subpages: [[User:Shrikarsan/format.js|1]], [[User:Shrikarsan/shri-settings.js|2]], [[User:Shrikarsan/new.js|3]]. They create false positives in the ''wanted templated'' page. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 17:37, 27 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == Wikidata weekly summary #450 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Martin Urbanec|Martin Urbanec ]] (successful) ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/How should we develop and deploy documentation for items ?|How should we develop and deploy documentation for items?]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour, Thursday, January 21st, at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1611248407 17:00 UTC (18:00 Berlin time)], on [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Telegram] **Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Using QuickStatements for bulk uploading archived website data to Wikidata with Peter Chan, 12 January. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/14KHUNQoTo5eX6iclLJdVSnOyPLNyPYQA4V854Mc7iY4/edit?usp=sharing Agenda] ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #27 on Wikipedia20 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvZ5gZlu_MI YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2867220310229794/ Facebook], 16 January ** Past: [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLw2YgbWET_pgT_oUsampBL8O6osinnNW8 SMWCon videos are published] incl. quite a few Wikidata related ones ** Past: [https://wikiworkshop.org/2021/ Wiki Workshop 2021] is accepting submissions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-January/014433.html The deadline for the submissions to be considered for proceedings is January 29. All other submissions should be received by March 1]. ** Past: Czech editaton {{Q|Q102733400}} finished (30.11.2020-31.12.2020). Purpose was connect [[:d:Property:P691|NKCR AUT ID (P691)]] to Wikidata by hand in {{Q|Q28054658}}. [https://test.wikimedia.cz/en/2021/01/06/the-vyzva-63-000-editaton-is-over/ Detailed info]. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogpost: [https://www.srf.ch/kultur/gesellschaft-religion/wochenende-gesellschaft/mehr-wissen-dank-wikidata-der-nobody-der-wikipedia-den-rang-ablaufen-koennte The nobody who could overtake Wikipedia] (in German) ** Blogpost: [https://jsamwrites.medium.com/documenting-software-applications-on-wikidata-197716d7f2d Documenting Software Applications on Wikidata], by John Samuel ** Article: [https://cris.vub.be/en/publications/nitpicking-online-knowledge-representations-of-governmental-leadership(5374484f-d98a-4583-9710-8c2323969960).html Nitpicking online knowledge representations of governmental leadership: The case of Belgian prime minsters in Wikipedia and Wikidata] ** Paper: [https://popjournal.ca/issue02/crompton Familiar Wikidata: The Case for Building a Data Source We Can Trust] - an introduction to the value of Wikidata for humanities research making the case for humanities researchers’ intervention in its development. ** Video: How to use WikiBridge - a userscript that enables you to add a tabbed section to Wikidata items showing some paragraphs from Wikipedias chosen by the Babel languages of the logged-in user. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j21mEYT5sCg Demo video] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [http://dataexplorer.hd.free.fr/QueryGraph/ QueryGraph] is a web tool for creating queries in SPARQL from graphs. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikibase now has a dedicated Twitter account: Follow [https://twitter.com/WikibaseHQ @WikibaseHQ] for updates on everything Wikibase. ** You can now create and curate catalog groups on [https://mix-n-match.toolforge.org/#/ Mix’n’match], and find the most common unmatched entries between them ([https://twitter.com/MagnusManske/status/1343614853991292930 Source]) ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-September/014281.html Wikidata Walkabout] browsing tool has had some important recent improvements in language support, interface, etc. See a [https://wikidatawalkabout.org/?c=Q11424&lang=es&f.P57.P1576=Q83364&f.P136=Q157443 list of all comedy films directed by a vegetarian] (in Spanish) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9021|Bharati Braille]], [[:d:Property:P9028|Consejo de Calificación Cinematográfica's video game rating]], [[:d:Property:P9030|solution to]], [[:d:Property:P9047|archaeological site of]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9020|AV Production person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9022|Mediafilm ID]], [[:d:Property:P9023|Radio.com Podcasts show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9024|Libsyn show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9025|Mitre ATT&CK ID]], [[:d:Property:P9026|SFLI ID]], [[:d:Property:P9027|e-GEDSH ID]], [[:d:Property:P9029|Viceversa Letteratura author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9031|Barnivore product ID]], [[:d:Property:P9032|AVN movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9033|Archivo Histórico de diputados de España ID]], [[:d:Property:P9034|BG School ID]], [[:d:Property:P9035|Muck Rack media outlet ID]], [[:d:Property:P9036|I professori dell'Università di Pavia (1859-1961) ID]], [[:d:Property:P9037|BHCL UUID]], [[:d:Property:P9038|Calaméo ID]], [[:d:Property:P9039|Studium Parisiense ID]], [[:d:Property:P9040|viaggiareinpuglia.it ID]], [[:d:Property:P9041|DiVo person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9042|DiCamillo Database Country House ID]], [[:d:Property:P9043|Internet Game Database numeric game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9044|GEPRIS-Historisch ID (Person)]], [[:d:Property:P9045|Alpine Linux package]], [[:d:Property:P9046|A*dS Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9048|Biographical Archive of Psychiatry ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/minutes played|minutes played]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/two-pointers made|two-pointers made]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/two-pointers attempted|two-pointers attempted]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/three-pointers attempted|three-pointers attempted]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/three-pointers made|three-pointers made]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/free throws made|free throws made]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/free throws attempted|free throws attempted]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/field goals made|field goals made]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/personal fouls|personal fouls]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Short DOI|Short DOI]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/total rebounds|total rebounds]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/offensive rebounds|offensive rebounds]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/defensive rebounds|defensive rebounds]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of vaccinations|number of vaccinations]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/category for software under a license|category for software under a license]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/assessment outcome|assessment outcome]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/quality for this class|quality for this class]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Template combines topics|Template combines topics]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCCM Museum (Macau Museum) object ID|CCCM Museum (Macau Museum) object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCCM Museum Object ID|CCCM Museum Object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medium|Medium]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FL number|FL number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Notable ascent|Notable ascent]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CantoDict identifiers|CantoDict identifiers]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norwegian State Administration Database ID|Norwegian State Administration Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/POSIX locale identifier|POSIX locale identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal GTB ID|Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal GTB ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BABEL author ID|BABEL author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Songlexikon ID|Songlexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FANZA AV actress ID|FANZA AV actress ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VAi Building ID|VAi Building ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographies.net person ID|Biographies.net person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Literature.com book ID|Literature.com book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Museum Norway artwork ID|National Museum Norway artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TikTok music ID|TikTok music ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oxford Classical Dictionary ID|Oxford Classical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Conservapedia Article|Conservapedia Article]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NZ Museums ID|NZ Museums ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Akademická encyklopedie českých dějin ID|Akademická encyklopedie českých dějin ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WreckSite ID|WreckSite ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/tVc Mathematicians born in prime number years featuring Albert Einstein, Pierre de Fermat, Georg Ohm, Carl Gauss, Évariste Galois, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, James Maxwell et al.] ***[https://w.wiki/tkj Timeline of coups d'état of the 21st century] (including attempted ones) ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1347165619519680512 Source]) *** Map of [https://w.wiki/tb9 Karens] / [https://w.wiki/thW Johns] per million according to Wikidata ([https://twitter.com/vrandezo/status/1347732733217280001 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/tbZ Children of which were born with by a person, and their step child] ***[https://w.wiki/sTw Map of the shortest railway path (in terms of number of stations) between Dibrugarh and the Scottish Highlands] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1347060399309467649 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/rr2 Map of place of birth of Olympique de Marseille football players] ([https://twitter.com/macgraveur/status/1346365310002204672 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/swj Map of Kolkata wards by number of schools] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1348509949144354819 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/tDk Map of beaches in Mexico] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1346531874777280515 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/snS Graph of shared borders between Indian districts] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1347785172545011712 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/swk Descendants of Upendrakishore Roy] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1347785172540936193 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/sT7 Timeline of Indian High Commissioners to Britain] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1347422785707126784 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/snT A tree map of items for artworks depicting Mughal emperors] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1348509949710770179 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/sUU Example of documented usage of different Bengali words] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1347060396130234368 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/tYJ 'Llan' place names in the UK] ([https://twitter.com/WIKI_NLW/status/1347233395965878274 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/tkg Organizations with DZI donation seal approval according to donation amount] ([https://twitter.com/Pluralog/status/1347189643222147072 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Names/reports/given names/Russian|Russian given names]] * '''Development''' ** Continued working on the Query Builder. We focused on making it possible to query for Item values and being able to limit the number of Items in the result. We also looked into how to query for quantity values. ** Changed P920’s data type from string to external identifier ([[phab:T269205]]) ** Finished working on the problem of Items that have the page prop wikibase:statements set to 0 but actually do have statements ([[phab:T145712]]) ** Continued work on the “Publishing” step of the Wikibase release pipeline by building and testing three components of the software suite: Wikibase ([[phab: T267893]]), Query Service frontend ([[phab:T268025]]), and Query Service backend ([[phab:T268022]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 01 11|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:32, 11 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20945976 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #451 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Alphama|Alphama]] (RfP scheduled to end after 24 January 2021 15:12 (UTC)) ** Other: Wikidata will be one of the communities involved in the [[Wikidata:Universal Code of Conduct consultation|Phase 2 of the Universal Code of Conduct consultation]]. Have your say at the [[d:Wikidata talk:Universal Code of Conduct consultation|consultation talk page]] or get in contact with the UCoC facilitator, [[d:User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour, Thursday, January 21st, at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1611248407 17:00 UTC (18:00 Berlin time)], on [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Telegram] ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #28 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwXDopevwLM YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2872037973081361/ Facebook], 23 January ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#46|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #46]], January 24 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogpost: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/01/14/automatically-maintained-citations-with-wikidata-and-cite-q/ Automatically maintained citations with Wikidata and Cite Q], by Mike Peel and Andy Mabbett. ** Video: Wikidata editing #27: #Wikipedia20 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvZ5gZlu_MI YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2872037973081361 Facebook] ** Video: Dealing with more than one date value in Wikidata (using preferential rank) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0r5L2bwhyxs YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Lagewi/navigation.js|User:Lagewi/navigation.js]] userscript enables adding links to list subclasses and instances to Wikidata items. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#New_dashboard_for_lexicographical_data_statistics|New dashboard for lexicographical data statistics]]: [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/UHV96YJGk/wikidata-datamodel-lexemes Wikidata Datamodel Lexemes] ** The Wikidata Analytics dashboards are now available at a new URL: https://wikidata-analytics.wmcloud.org/ ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-January/014453.html announcement]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9052|date canceled]], [[:d:Property:P9059|subdivision of this unit]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9049|dati.beniculturali.it agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9050|dati.beniculturali.it site ID]], [[:d:Property:P9051|dati.beniculturali.it cultural heritage ID]], [[:d:Property:P9053|Projecto Vercial author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9054|National Historic People ID]], [[:d:Property:P9055|Olympedia event ID]], [[:d:Property:P9056|TheCocktailDB drink ID]], [[:d:Property:P9057|TheCocktailDB ingredient ID]], [[:d:Property:P9058|Fichier des personnes décédées ID]], [[:d:Property:P9060|POSIX locale identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9061|National Museum in Warsaw ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/shadows|shadows]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sacrament conferred by|Sacrament conferred by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/logo image within scope|logo image within scope]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BAMID film rating|BAMID film rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ABC News Topic|ABC News Topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of rooms to rent|number of rooms to rent]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portal da Literatura author ID|Portal da Literatura author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Base de Dados de Autores Portugueses ID|Base de Dados de Autores Portugueses ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parabola package|Parabola package]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JAANUS ID|JAANUS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Studio di Fonologia Musicale RAI person ID|Studio di Fonologia Musicale RAI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BiblioLMC ID|BiblioLMC ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Le Lettere di Theodor Mommsen agli Italiani ID|Le Lettere di Theodor Mommsen agli Italiani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/StrategyWiki page|StrategyWiki page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Brno Object ID|Encyclopedia of Brno Object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Holocaust.cz ID|Holocaust.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Fungi ID|Australian Fungi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DeCS ID|DeCS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Lichen ID|Australian Lichen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KBR Catalogue ID|KBR Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia del Museo del Prado ID|Enciclopedia del Museo del Prado ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Language Council of Norway Term ID|The Language Council of Norway Term ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Red Cross FDRS ID|Red Cross FDRS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Xinjiang Data Project identifier|Xinjiang Data Project identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SISSCO ID|SISSCO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SEARCH on line catalogue ID|SEARCH on line catalogue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/45cat release ID|45cat release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Aracne author ID|Aracne author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/u4G Red Cross and Red Crescent societies] ***[https://w.wiki/so2 The people of the government of Bangladesh on 13 January 2005] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1349234726188445697 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/u95 Buildings in the Basque Country dedicated to San Roque] ([https://twitter.com/theklanB/status/1349061129033687040 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/snb List of words for "beard" in Eighth Schedule languages] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1349597113785724935 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/t6D Map of train services starting at Howrah station] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1349597111344574466 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/jHD Map of big sculptures of New Zealand] ([https://twitter.com/KnitMeAThneed/status/1350666389057536000 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/so5 Map of mosques in Bangladesh according to architectural style] ([https://twitter.com/wikidatabangla/status/1348872336166977536 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/u5T UK deaths per month since 2005 split by sex/gender] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1348962318009425920 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/sTY Timeline of Indian cricket tours abroad] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataindia/status/1348872337660157953 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/tzW Timeline of inception of Mexican universities] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1349852362748387329 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/rp7 Mangifera species and mango cultivars] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataid/status/1350035003736944642 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/uhY Locations where The Antartic Circumpolar Voyage expedition passed] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1350934420178542593 Source)] ***[https://w.wiki/uKv English Language forms missing an audio pronunciation] -- you can contribute via [[lingualibre:LinguaLibre:About|LinguaLibre]] ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ***[[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Greek War of Independence|WikiProject Greek War of Independence]], development of content relative to the {{Q|182062}} (this year is the 200th anniversary, from its beginning in 1821) * '''Development''' ** Continued working on the Query Builder. We continued to set up tracking for the number of queries that result in an error, timeout, etc. ([[phab:T269224]]). We als made it possible to query for Item values ([[phab:T268814]]). You can always try the current state on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ test system]. ** Finished fixing an issue with whitespace being stripped while typing when editing Lexemes ([[phab:T250550]]) ** Worked on no error being shown when trying to save Lemma with invalid language code ([[phab:T265783]]) ** Working on using Special:MyLanguage feature for more links in the Wikidata Query Service interface to redirect people to documentation in their language ([[phab:T267656]]) ** Continued interviewing people to better understand how to best compare Wikidata's data against other databases in order to find mismatches that need the editors' attention [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 01 18|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:07, 18 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=20980536 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #452 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour happened on January 21st. See notes [[d:Wikidata:Events/IRC office hour 2021-01-21|here]] (English). ** Past: 2021 OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Beginner Teaching Workshop (in Chinese). Replay on YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0C7zg7YglRs 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3ZWMiIlnio 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBXYshsvZQg 3], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqYY06gaHWs 4] ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Wikibase, the Integrated Authority File (GND) pilot at the German National Library, and the WikiLibrary Manifesto, 26 January. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1436bhpcKEPjaLm9ITZ6x35TWgl5MA2TiQjabkQBpwFk/edit?usp=sharing Agenda] ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries and OpenRefine] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, Januray 26 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #29 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHGcXLP4BTU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2877179819233843/ Facebook], 30 January ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#47|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #47]], 31 January ** Upcoming: The Open Festival of Persistent Identifiers starts from 27 January 2021. See schedule [https://www.pidapalooza.org/schedule here]. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blog: [https://cthoyt.com/2021/01/23/updating-the-wikidata-integrator.html Adding New Literature Sources to the Wikidata Integrator], by Charles Tapley Hoyt ** Blog: [http://wikimedia.eus/2021/01/informatikako-programazio-ariketak-wikidatako-datuekin-jolastoki-berria/ Using Wikidata for teaching computer programming using real-world cases] (in Basque) ** Bog: [https://publicspaces.net/2021/01/19/wikidata-data-voor-iedereen/ Wikidata: data for everyone] (in Dutch) ** Methodology paper: [https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-020-00940-y A protocol for adding knowledge to Wikidata: aligning resources on human coronaviruses] ** Video: Wikidata editing #28 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwXDopevwLM YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2872037973081361/ Facebook] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKmuCR8UJSo Wikidata for research] (webinar in French) - YouTube ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c3L7PZSs6c Let's make sparks with SPARQL tools](in French), by Nicolas Vigneron -YouTube ** Video: Wrap up presentation of the SWAT4HCLS hackathon project *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmbKu2iED9M Creating subsets from Wikidata] - YouTube *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2LDvzYtO7Q Linking the complex portal with other FAIR sources through] - YouTube * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://conze.pt/explore/Tibia?l=en&t=link&s=true&i=Q178366&u=https%3A%2F%2Fconze.pt%2Fapp%2Ftaviewer%2F%3Fid%3DA02.5.06.001 TAViewer] is a web-based anatomy atlas viewer that cross-references Terminologia Anatomica terms with data from Wikipedia and Wikidata. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2021-January/000361.html Change to how Cloud VPS and Toolforge contact Wikis to go live on 2021-02-08]. If you are a Cloud VPS user or Toolforge developer, check your tools after that date to make sure they are properly running. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9071|character type]], [[:d:Property:P9072|derived from organism type]], [[:d:Property:P9073|applicable “stated in” value]], [[:d:Property:P9077|number of aid beneficiaries]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9062|BABEL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9063|Base de Dados de Autores Portugueses ID]], [[:d:Property:P9064|Povos Indígenas no Brasil ID]], [[:d:Property:P9065|Parabola package]], [[:d:Property:P9066|FL number]], [[:d:Property:P9067|Hungarian Film Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P9068|IFPI Danmark work ID]], [[:d:Property:P9069|International Standard Bible Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9070|Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine ID]], [[:d:Property:P9074|NZ Museums ID]], [[:d:Property:P9075|StrategyWiki page]], [[:d:Property:P9076|Australian Fungi ID]], [[:d:Property:P9078|Discord invite ID]], [[:d:Property:P9079|Red Cross FDRS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9080|JAANUS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9081|SEARCH on line catalogue ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/onscreen participant|onscreen participant]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/catégorie d'établissement sanitaire et social|catégorie d'établissement sanitaire et social]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/code Activité principale exercée|code Activité principale exercée]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/catégorie d'entreprise|catégorie d'entreprise]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Imagehash perceptual hash|Imagehash perceptual hash]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SISSCO ID|SISSCO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/45cat release ID|45cat release ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Aracne author ID|Aracne author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malpedia ID|Malpedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kulturdenkmal-ID Sachsen-Anhalt|Kulturdenkmal-ID Sachsen-Anhalt]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss Games Showcase ID|Swiss Games Showcase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baudenkmal-ID Niedersachsen|Baudenkmal-ID Niedersachsen]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeriodO ID|PeriodO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pepys Encylopedia ID|Pepys Encylopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pantone color ID|Pantone color ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Family Video Game Database ID|Family Video Game Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AAR ID|AAR ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/github topic|github topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeatralRo ID|TeatralRo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Landshuth ID|Landshuth ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Patrinum ID|Patrinum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ChemRxiv ID|ChemRxiv ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TlF ID|TlF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PO ID|PO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jewish Museum Berlin object ID|Jewish Museum Berlin object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CinefanRo person ID|CinefanRo person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CinefanRo film ID|CinefanRo film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LombardiaBeniCulturali archive producer IDs|LombardiaBeniCulturali archive producer IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BookBub Author ID|BookBub Author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HERIS-ID|HERIS-ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/HFe Czech religious buildings used also as a fire station] ***[https://w.wiki/vWG Common ingredients to prepare a sandwich] ([https://twitter.com/TrinkerMedia/status/1353075171565834241 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/Grc Location of GLAMs with open access policies] ([https://twitter.com/CultureDoug/status/1352301032651554816 Source)] ***[https://w.wiki/upN Mexican presidents who have an image of their signature on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1352046356102320128 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/uyo Timeline of Mexican writers who were born between 1800 and 1900] ([https://twitter.com/espejolento/status/1351760183114928132 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/vmq TV-Series in Spain by Decade] ([https://twitter.com/victorianoi/status/1353426633764515843 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/vHB Diplomats who are also art collectors] ([https://twitter.com/OpenLinkArtData/status/1352541529131409408 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Continued working on the Query Builder: made it possible to limit the number of results in the result set, made it possible to include results from subclasses when querying for Item values, worked on negating queries and started on sharing of queries via URL. As always you can try the current state on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ test system]. ** Making links in the Query Service redirect to the proper translations of their pages on-wiki by using Special:MyLanguage redirects ([[phab:T267656]]) ** Working on fixing an issue with displaying large numbers for quantity values ([[phab:T268456]]) ** Fixed a case where no error message was shown when trying to save a Lemma with an invalid language code ([[phab:T265783]]) ** Talked to a few more people about checking Wikidata's data against other databases to find potential errors ** Continuing the Release Strategy project for Wikibase, with the following progress: *** Created a “release pipeline” for Wikibase extension ([[phab:T267627]]) *** Created MediaWiki docker images based off release branches ([[phab:T270133]]) *** Defined format and contents of Wikibase suite components not maintained by Wikimedia Germany ([[phab:T271194]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 01 25|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:52, 25 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21005040 --> == Tambaya == Yaya ake sanya hoto a commons? [[User:Umar-askira|Umar-askira]] ([[User talk:Umar-askira|talk]]) 17:55, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == Wikidata weekly summary #453 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #30 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBumtc9Adsc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/wikipediaweekly/permalink/3620310794683392/ Facebook], 6 February ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#48|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #48]], 7 February * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' **Paper: [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/2/250085-a-review-of-the-semantic-web-field/fulltext A Review of the Semantic Web Field] **Paper: [https://svn.aksw.org/papers/2020/qurator_gfs/public.pdf Towards a Systematic Approach to Sync FactualData across Wikipedia, Wikidata and ExternalData Sources] ** Video: LIVE Wikidata editing #29 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHGcXLP4BTU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2877179819233843/ Facebook] ** Video: Set preferences and common.js (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xw0MXWXvHig YouTube] ** Video: Entity Linking and Neural Semantic Parsing - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5j4hkP_JwSc YouTube] ** Video: Persistent identifiers as the basis for multilingual and human-machine collaboration - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5VCr--Q1Ig YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://github.com/generalist/wikidata-misc/blob/master/labelcleaner.sh Labelcleaner] is a script by [[d:User:Andrew Gray|Andrew Gray]] used to clean up Wikidata labels/aliases/descriptions for a given language on a set of items. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** OpenRefine has got [https://docs.openrefine.org/ a new user manual] and [https://openrefine.org/blog/2021/01/26/announcing-our-new-user-manual.html your feedback is welcome]; ** A new tool, [[toolforge:ranker|Ranker]] ([[:d:User:Lucas Werkmeister/Ranker|documentation]], [https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1355554819478532102 announcement tweet] and [https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1355554982544744453 video]), lets you edit the ranks of multiple statements at once. ** [https://lingualibre.org/bigdata/#query The SPARQL endpoint for linguaLibre is now available] ([https://twitter.com/belett/status/1356242871700123648 Source]) ** New Wikidata property [[:d:Property:P9100|GitHub topic (P9100)]] announced at [https://github.community/t/wikidata-property-p9100-created-for-github-topics/158508 the GITHUB community] ** Wikimedia Foundation is hiring a Wikidata Query Service(WDQS) Data Analyst Consultant. [https://boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/2612414?gh_src=8f11c2f91us Apply today]! ** [[d:Wikidata:Bot requests|Clean-up tasks to experiment with bots or other tools]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9086|BAMID film rating]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9082|Akademická encyklopedie českých dějin ID]], [[:d:Property:P9083|45cat 7" release ID]], [[:d:Property:P9084|ABC News topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P9085|Aracne author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9087|Econlib person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9088|KBR Catalogue ID]], [[:d:Property:P9089|Songlexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9090|Swiss Games Showcase ID]], [[:d:Property:P9091|MNBAQ ID]], [[:d:Property:P9092|Art in the Christian Tradition ID]], [[:d:Property:P9093|Australian Lichen ID]], [[:d:Property:P9094|Pantone color ID]], [[:d:Property:P9095|Kunstmuseum Basel ID]], [[:d:Property:P9096|Malpedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9097|AAR ID]], [[:d:Property:P9098|BiblioLMC ID]], [[:d:Property:P9099|Cultural heritage ID in Lower Saxony]], [[:d:Property:P9100|GitHub topic]], [[:d:Property:P9101|Discord username]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/represented in sport by|represented in sport by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/photographer of|photographer of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reissue|reissue]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/master's thesis|master's thesis]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/service status information URL|service status information URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/unusualness|unusualness]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Debian Package Tracker ID|Debian Package Tracker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Seismic classification|Seismic classification]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dictionnaire des journalistes ID|Dictionnaire des journalistes ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EMS ID|EMS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FloGrappling ID|FloGrappling ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SOUNZ contributor ID|SOUNZ contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wolfram language WordData word ID|Wolfram language WordData word ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mathematica Italiana person ID|Mathematica Italiana person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Musica Brasilis score ID|Musica Brasilis score ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finna ID|Finna ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LexML ID|LexML ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish Literature Bank placeID|Swedish Literature Bank placeID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BVFE author ID|BVFE author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Union Catalog of Armenian Continuing Resources authority ID|Union Catalog of Armenian Continuing Resources authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/playDB play ID|playDB play ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/playDB artist ID|playDB artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DicoPolHiS ID|DicoPolHiS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pandektis ID|Pandektis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NHS Organisation Data Service ID|NHS Organisation Data Service ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bayerischer Denkmal-Atlas Objekt-ID (Baudenkmal)|Bayerischer Denkmal-Atlas Objekt-ID (Baudenkmal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bayerischer Denkmal-Atlas Objekt-ID (Bodendenkmal)|Bayerischer Denkmal-Atlas Objekt-ID (Bodendenkmal)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Whiskybase distillery ID|Whiskybase distillery ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/wiD Basque lexemes and their attestations in a 1745 Spanish-Basque dictionary, with links to dictionary entries in Wikisource] ***[https://w.wiki/wss Lexemes describing a color] ([https://twitter.com/alexabruck/status/1354848003228651520 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/w6s Danish-Hebrew Lexeme pairs] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1354422451158003712 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/xA6 Lexemes in Swedish with usage example that demonstrates both a form and a sense and a reference] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1356228927052767232 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/wMw Episodes of the TV series "The Mentalist"] ***[https://w.wiki/6PX Nationality of authors publishing papers relevant to the Australian fauna] ([https://twitter.com/rdmpage/status/1354462764933074949 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/w4F Number of musicians on Wikidata by country] ([https://twitter.com/mrlogix/status/1354295682895515658 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/wPE Map of ISO 3166-2 codes] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1354937354209914885 Source]) ***[https://w.wiki/tzp Map films that have been filmed in Mexico] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1354236888136224775 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/x99 Map of Githubtopics on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1356191659772571653 Source]) ***[http://w.wiki/vjv Eye color distribution of the people on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1354042976985518081 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/w2S Timeline with the start date of the Summer Olympics] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1355946779179683843 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Names/reports/given names/Czech|Czech given names]] * '''Development''' ** Continuing development on the first version of the Query Builder. It's starting to be able to do the first really meaningful queries now. Latest addition was the ability to negate conditions. Up next is the ability to connect conditions with OR instead of only AND as well as querying for quantities and ranges. You can follow along on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ test system]. ** Exploring possible solutions for how to compare Wikidata's data against other databases to find and highlight mismatches automatically. ** Added lexicographical data codes for a few languages: rkt, ctg ([[phab:T271589]]), and az-cyrl ([[phab:T265906]]) ** Finished working on the issue of TypeError on a diff of a Wikidata talk page [[phab:T271402]] ** Updated Wikidata unit conversion configuration ([[phab:T267644]]) ** Fixed two last places where links in the the Query Service UI were not using Special:MyLanguage yet to redirect to the documentation page in the user's language ([[phab:T267656]]) ** Pushing JSON dumps for Lexemes over the finish line ([[phab:T264883]]) ** Working on showing an error when trying to save lemmas with invalid language codes ([[phab:T265783]]) ** Wikibase Release Strategy *** Investigated the release of Wikibase suite components not maintained by Wikimedia ([[phab:T271193]]) *** Continued process of adding additional components to the Wikibase release, including OAuth ([[phab:T272580]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 02 01|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 18:06, 1 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21027039 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #454 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: [[d:w:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ghana/Parliament_of_Ghana/Members_of_the_5th_Parliament_of_the_4th_Republic_of_Ghana/Contest|Parliament of Ghana Wikidata contest]] launch: from February 1 to February 28, 2020 - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olCEerKhC5Q YouTube replay]) ** Upcoming: [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/February 2021|Next Wikibase live session]] is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1613059230 16:00 UTC on Thursday 11 February 2021] [https://calendar.google.com/event?action=TEMPLATE&tmeid=MXNkODJuM2ZxbjViOWpwNGgxa2tjM2ZkdDMgY183MXZ0MTdhNXFtbTFnYXFlNm1wdjNpYW9kc0Bn&tmsrc=c_71vt17a5qmm1gaqe6mpv3iaods%40group.calendar.google.com (Add to calendar)]. You're welcome to come and share out about your project or what you're working on around Wikibase. ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Mapping the Scottish Reformation, Tuesday, February 9th.[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mlgDczP_R3yNVYcvTTQSa8_woG_Kv6YTdJLgQ55QhfU/edit?usp=sharing] ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, February 9 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#49|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #49]], February 14 ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #31 Free Software Day - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkAirxHj-Ps YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2887608388190986/ Facebook], February 14 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Bug triage hour about Lexemes]], February 16 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [https://62mkv.github.io/wikidata/linguistics/2021/02/01/long-road-to-lexeme.html Blog post by 62mkv about importing Estonian Lexemes on Wikidata] ** Video: Wikidata editing #30 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBumtc9Adsc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/wikipediaweekly/permalink/3620310794683392/ Facebook] ** Video: [[m:Global Open Initiative Foundation|Global Open Initiative Foundation]] Open Refine and Quikstatement Workshop. By Ursula Oberst - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yadCl4v_dw YouTube] ** Video: Wikidata and Minority Languages (Art+Feminism 2021 in Ghana). By [[m:Dagbani Wikimedians User Group|Dagbani Wikimedians User Group]] - ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPlHnFIaCNg YouTube]) ** Video: Wikidata as a PID community. By Simon Cobb - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZWJ6b5aAsU YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:Template:Item documentation|Item documentation]] has two new features. First, it now includes two predefined SPARQL queries. The first one give the number of statements about the item by property and the second the list of statement about the properties. Second, for items of class award, it includes predefined SPARQL queries from [[d:Template:TP award|TP award]]. See [[d:Talk:Q1624297|Q1624297]] for an example. ** [https://ranker.toolforge.org/ Ranker] lets you edit the ranks of several statements at once. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:Wikidata_talk:WikidataCon_2021#WikidataCon_update_-_January_2021|Update on the state of WikidataCon 2021 for January]] ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-February/014475.html New development roadmap for Wikidata and Wikibase for 2021 has been published]. In addition, you will find [[d:Wikidata:Development plan/archive2020/status updates|here]] the status updates on what was achieved for each of the 2020 goals. ** [[d:Wikidata_talk:Improve_the_workflows_for_queries_and_lists/Simple_query_Builder#Query_Builder_update_-_February_2020|Update on the development of the Easy Query Builder]], your feedback is welcome **[https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-February/014486.html Call for feedback on Wikimedia Foundation Community Board seats] has started on February 1. More information and ways to participate are available on [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Community Board seats|this Meta-Wiki page]]. **New updates to [[m:Mix'n'match|Mix'n'match]]: ***Import/update function for Mix’n’match catalogs ([[m:Mix'n'match/Import|manual]]) ([https://twitter.com/MagnusManske/status/1356287316394962944 source]) *** Refreshed the Mix’n’match dataset for potential new human Wikidata items ([https://twitter.com/MagnusManske/status/1357672520120479747 source]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9107|number of vaccinations]], [[:d:Property:P9126|Commons media contributed by]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9102|CineFanRo person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9103|Enciclopedia del Museo del Prado ID]], [[:d:Property:P9104|Encyclopedia of Brno object ID]], [[:d:Property:P9105|Dictionnaire des journalistes ID]], [[:d:Property:P9106|Oxford Classical Dictionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P9108|Erudit article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9109|Holocaust.cz person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9110|Le Lettere di Theodor Mommsen agli Italiani ID]], [[:d:Property:P9111|SISSCO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9112|IFLA value vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P9113|Patrinum ID]], [[:d:Property:P9114|Mathematica Italiana person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9115|Jewish Museum Berlin object ID]], [[:d:Property:P9116|Musica Brasilis score ID]], [[:d:Property:P9117|BVFE author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9118|Family Video Game Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9119|LexML Brazil ID]], [[:d:Property:P9120|Pepys Encylopedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9121|National Museum Norway artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9122|SportsLogos.net team ID]], [[:d:Property:P9123|Catalan Vikidia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9124|Russian Vikidia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9125|Microsoft MVP profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P9128|Debian Package Tracker ID]], [[:d:Property:P9129|Data Collection of the Hungarian Peerage ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IPHAE ID|IPHAE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLOSS policy URL|FLOSS policy URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digest|Digest]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/subsidy|subsidy]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fingerprint|fingerprint]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TlF Artist ID|TlF Artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists ID|Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GTDB taxon|GTDB taxon]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joods Monument ID|Joods Monument ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HathiTrust Volume Identifier|HathiTrust Volume Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Open Tree of Life ID|Open Tree of Life ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AllMusic IDs|AllMusic IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Evighetsrunor|Evighetsrunor]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tree of Life contributor ID|Tree of Life contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Astro Awani topic ID|Astro Awani topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rate Your Music genre ID|Rate Your Music genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/De Lakenhal-artwork-ID|De Lakenhal-artwork-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopédie berbère article ID|Encyclopédie berbère article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Can I use|Can I use]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Bourgogne-Franche-Comté|identifiant inventaire Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Centre-Val de Loire|identifiant inventaire Centre-Val de Loire]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Hauts-de-France|identifiant inventaire Hauts-de-France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Normandie|identifiant inventaire Normandie]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Île-de-France|identifiant inventaire Île-de-France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Pays de la Loire|identifiant inventaire Pays de la Loire]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur|identifiant inventaire Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/yMQ directors of episodes of ''The Mentalist''] ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Talk:Q204228?uselang=en source]<!-- uselang=en is needed, otherwise the query there might not be visible. Somehow this got lost in last weeks report -->) *** [https://w.wiki/y8i Articles from The Wētā entomology journal] ([https://twitter.com/SiobhanLeachman/status/1358221509110628353 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/yQa Town halls of the municipalities that surround Nantes] ([https://twitter.com/slaettaratindur/status/1358162635469033477 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/yQb Caves containing prehistoric art] ([https://twitter.com/volksvlijt/status/1357797450073964544 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/xs3 Endemic birds in a place located in France] ([https://twitter.com/ash_crow/status/1357676400451461129 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: ***[[:d:Wikidata:WikiProject Brazilian Laws|WikiProject Brazilian Laws]] * '''Development''' ** Made it possible to connect query conditions with OR (instead of only AND) in the Query Builder ([[phab:T272694]]) ** Making it possible to query only for statements with or without a reference in the Query Builder ([[phab:T272699]]) ** Continuing to work on adding a rate limit for creating Item IDs to prevent people from allocating a large number of unassigned Item IDs that are then lost ([[phab:T272032]]) ** Working on the problem of Lexeme merging failing if the source Lexeme has links to its own Senses ([[phab:T273830]]) ** Working on showing an error when trying to save a Lemma with invalid language code on a Lexeme ([[phab:T265783]]) ** Fixing an issue in the Property selector fallback where it is not falling back from language variant to major language ([[phab:T272712]]) ** Making it possible to add Interwiki links to/from Multilingual Wikisource ([[phab:T138332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 02 08|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 18:44, 8 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21071131 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #455 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Other: [[d:User:So9q/Tool ideas/ImproveWikidata|Tool ideas/ImproveWikidata]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Past: Linked Open Storytelling - Winter School 2021 - Fellow-Programm Freies Wissen (in German) ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JuqzW_zOBc&feature=youtu.be reply on YouTube]) ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, February 16 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Bug triage hour about Lexemes]], February 16 ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #32 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlxsQQPfrqU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2892173044401187/ Facebook], February 20 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#50|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #50]], February 21 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blog post: [https://datajournalism.com/read/longreads/the-promise-of-wikidata The promise of Wikidata: How journalists can use the crowdsourced open knowledge base as a data source], by [[w:User:Shameran81|Monika Sengul-Jones]] ** Blog post: [https://zbw.eu/labs/en/blog/data-donation-to-wikidata-part-2-country-subject-dossiers-of-the-20th-century-press-archives Data donation to Wikidata, part 2: country/subject dossiers of the 20th Century Press Archives] (by [[User:Jneubert|Joachim Neubert]], ZBW Labs) ** Blog post: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/02/09/bibliography-and-citations-of-hausa-folklore/ Bibliography and Citations of Hausa Folklore] by [[d:User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ** Video: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m50voG57yac Querying Linked (Wiki)data with SPARQL ✨] (presentation by [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister|Lucas Werkmeister]] at rC3, 90 minutes) ** Video: Wikidata editing #31 Free Software Day - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkAirxHj-Ps YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2887608388190986/ Facebook] ** Video: Knowledge Graphs for AI: Wikidata and beyond - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTz0zSNSKEY YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** UseAsRef script allows you to add references to statements using one external ID as source (see [[d:User:Bargioni/UseAsRef|User:Bargioni/UseAsRef]] and this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3nkeqKnfTg YouTube video] for more information) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2021-02-10|Abstract Wikipedia presents prototypes of two tools that could help people to visualize, exemplify, and better guide our understanding of the coverage of lexicographic data in Wikidata]]. ** [https://pro.europeana.eu/post/public-domain-tool-automating-the-calculation-of-works-in-the-public-domain Public Domain Tool], developed by the Flemish Institute for Archives automates the process of determining whether their collection items could be in the public domain. ** Sizes of country items (like [[d:Q45|"Portugal" (Q45)]]) were recently reduced by 30% to 50% by moving a few economics properties to "economy of"-items (sample: [[d:Q1649355|"economy of Portugal" (Q1649355)]]). The item "economy of Portugal" is currently larger than "Portugal". This can simplify uses of country items that previously timed-out. Infoboxes can still access the properties with the link through [[d:Property:P8744|"economy of topic" (P8744)]]. ** Later this week, the development team will enable a rate limit for assigning new item IDs. Bots and users who successfully create items should notice no change, since the rate limit is equal to the existing limit on all edits. However, bots that often ''fail'' to create items may start to see different error messages than usual. This will hopefully reduce the problem of skipped item IDs. ** [[mw:WMDE Engineering/Participate in UX Activities|Guidelines and compensation for UX research lead by Wikimedia Germany]] ([https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-February/014516.html announcement]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9138|service status information URL]], [[:d:Property:P9139|first family name in Portuguese name]], [[:d:Property:P9140|time played]], [[:d:Property:P9149|coordinates of depicted place]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9130|CompositionToday composers showcase ID]], [[:d:Property:P9131|Royal Museums Greenwich artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9132|Saint Louis Art Museum artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9133|AZLyrics.com song ID]], [[:d:Property:P9134|Studio di Fonologia Musicale RAI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9135|WreckSite ID]], [[:d:Property:P9136|SOUNZ contributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9137|Doktori.hu ID]], [[:d:Property:P9141|Portal da Literatura ID]], [[:d:Property:P9142|IPHAE ID]], [[:d:Property:P9143|Play:Right ID]], [[:d:Property:P9144|National Portrait Gallery (London) artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9145|Xinjiang Data Project identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9146|CITWF title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9147|Union Catalog of Armenian Continuing Resources ID]], [[:d:Property:P9148|Saxony-Anhalt cultural heritage object ID]], [[:d:Property:P9150|FloGrappling ID]], [[:d:Property:P9151|Can I use feature ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Gallery of Art Library Bibliographic ID|National Gallery of Art Library Bibliographic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/letterer|letterer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/set during recurring event|set during recurring event]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of references|number of references]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sensors|sensors]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Applying institution|Applying institution]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexikon Literatur in Tirol|Lexikon Literatur in Tirol]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Adresseregister named street ID|Danmarks Adresseregister named street ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Baidu Baike ID (2)|Baidu Baike ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kickstarter username|Kickstarter username]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Protagonisti della storia delle scienze della mente ID|Protagonisti della storia delle scienze della mente ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Curling.fi player ID|Curling.fi player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RILM ID|RILM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swiss vote ID|Swiss vote ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/svoyak.info player ID|svoyak.info player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Germanistenverzeichnis|Germanistenverzeichnis]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Svenska Institutet i Rom ID|Svenska Institutet i Rom ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CinemaRx title ID|CinemaRx title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sinemalar title ID|Sinemalar title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/English Placenames MADS ID|English Placenames MADS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Armenian Book ID|Armenian Book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Occitanie|identifiant inventaire Occitanie]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AaRC title ID|AaRC title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Iglesia Nacional Española en Roma ID|Biblioteca Iglesia Nacional Española en Roma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BFS ID|BFS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani ID|Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JedeSchule.de ID|JedeSchule.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bashenc.online ID|bashenc.online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Svoya Igra television player ID|Svoya Igra television player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ID|Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [http://w.wiki/yQR Spanish Wikipedia articles about women astronauts] ([https://twitter.com/editatona/status/1359980994636488705 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/Com Websites related to works in the Women's & Gender History DH list] ([https://twitter.com/dta_cthomas/status/1360198435715100672 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/ykR List of states with more than one official language] ([https://twitter.com/belett/status/1359533946959245317 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/yVm Location of the organizations in the Name Assigning Authority Number (NAAN) registry] ([https://twitter.com/BertrandCaron/status/1359094070409322496 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/y$C List of locations named after the planned language Esperanto or its founder, L. L. Zamenhof] *** [https://w.wiki/yAR Use the MediaWiki API to get the content of a Wikipedia category into a query] *** [https://w.wiki/zAD Number of scholarly articles sharing their datasets] ([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1360556323448971271 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/zPN Most specific taxon that includes two given species] ([https://twitter.com/danbri/status/1361065883280506888 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Work on the Simple Query Builder continues. We finished connecting query conditions via OR ([[phab:T272694]]). Next we will work on adding the UI for sharing the visual query via a link ([[phab:T272887]]) ** Improved the deployment process for the Query Service UI to make it easier to deploy ** Fixed language code "dag" for Dagbani not working for Lemmas for Lexemes ([[phab:T272242]]) ** Fixing the bug where the Property selector is not falling back from language variant to major language for Property labels ([[phab:T272712]]) ** Adding a rate limit for creating Item IDs to avoid skipping so many due to misbehaving bots ([[phab:T272032]]) ** Fixed the case where no error was shown when trying to save a lemma with an invalid language code ([[phab:T265783]]) ** Fixed a but where merging two Lexemes fails if the source Lexeme has links to its own Senses ([[phab:T273830]]) ** Increasing the rate of edits that trigger a check by the constraint checker to 50%. This will increase the number of constraints violations that you can query in the Query Service. ([[phab:T204031]]) ** Making it possible to add interwiki links to/from Multilingual Wikisource ([[phab:T138332]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 02 15|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:22, 15 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21085534 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #456 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Dr.üsenfieber|Dr.üsenfieber]] - RfP scheduled to end after 24 February 2021 14:19 (UTC) ** New request for comments: [[Wikidata:Requests for comment/P155/P156 as qualifiers only, rather than as main statements|P155/P156 as qualifiers only, rather than as main statements]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata bug triage hour about Lexemes. [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WikidataBugTriageHour Notes available here] ** Past: Online Talk Show on Fri, Feb 19, 2021, by Wikimedia Indonesia and Fariz Darari - Take a peek into the data warehouse of Wikimedia projects (= Wikidata): [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tekLS0UCoeM Youtube link] ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Adding bibliographic data to Wikidata with Jason Evans, Wikimedian in residence at the Wales National Library, Tuesday, February 23rd.[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IV6TK6JE5tHKO2fga801HnKFBQNQcwN-j58dhDTVtE8/edit#] ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #33 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPQTRMiYYf4 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2897172903901201/ Facebook], February 27 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#51|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #51]], February 28 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogpost: [https://commonists.wordpress.com/2021/02/21/wikidata-and-the-sum-of-all-video-games-%e2%88%92-2020-edition/ Wikidata and the sum of all video games − 2020 edition] ** Video: Basic tutorial on how to annotate an article with Wikidata tags for the ANN project - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFKAWNYbBDk YouTube] ** Video: The Wikidata community: tools to communicate, ask for help, exchange ideas and opinions (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUZyzWZKoMI YouTube] ** Video: REfB (Reference Bot): Adding new references to WikiData statements by [[d:User:Csisc|Houcemeddine Turki]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4gJEwB2EkY YouTube] ** Video: Wikidata editing #32 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlxsQQPfrqU YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2892173044401187/ Facebook] ** Video: Knowledge graphs lecture - RDF, Wikidata, SHACL, ShEx (in Russian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOvProRbG0Q YouTube] ** Podcast: [[d:User:Addshore|Adam Shorland]] [https://betweenthebrackets.libsyn.com/episode-80-adam-shorlandtalks talks about Wikidata and Wikibase on Between The Brackets Mediawiki podcast]. * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeForms-SearchPage.js|LexemeForms-SearchPage]] adds links on the search results page for creating new lexemes using the [[d:Wikidata:Wikidata Lexeme Forms|Lexeme Forms tool]] based on the languages in your Babel box. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://vglist.co/ Vglist] is a video game library tracking web app that is mostly based on Wikidata. **WMF Board of Trustees - Call for feedback: Community Board seats: [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Community Board seats/Conversations/Wikidata|Meetings with the Wikidata community on Feb 24 and Mar 3]]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9149|coordinates of depicted place]], [[:d:Property:P9161|thesis committee member]], [[:d:Property:P9180|number of at bats]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9142|IPHAE ID]], [[:d:Property:P9143|Play:Right ID]], [[:d:Property:P9144|National Portrait Gallery (London) artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9145|Xinjiang Data Project identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9146|CITWF title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9147|Union Catalog of Armenian Continuing Resources ID]], [[:d:Property:P9148|Saxony-Anhalt cultural heritage object ID]], [[:d:Property:P9150|FloGrappling ID]], [[:d:Property:P9151|Can I use feature ID]], [[:d:Property:P9152|CollectieGelderland-creator-ID]], [[:d:Property:P9153|VAi building ID]], [[:d:Property:P9154|Heritage Information System ID in the database of cultural heritage in Austria]], [[:d:Property:P9155|Joods Monument ID]], [[:d:Property:P9156|Lumni person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9157|Open Tree of Life ID]], [[:d:Property:P9158|Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal GTB ID]], [[:d:Property:P9159|People Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9160|Biographical Dictionary of the Czech Lands ID]], [[:d:Property:P9162|EMS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9163|Spletni biografski leksikon znanih Primorcev in Primork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9164|Svenska Institutet i Rom ID]], [[:d:Property:P9165|Lexikon Literatur in Tirol ID]], [[:d:Property:P9166|Curling.fi player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9167|De Lakenhal artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9168|Hauts-de-France Inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9169|Tree of Life contributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9170|Taiwan River Code]], [[:d:Property:P9171|RILM ID]], [[:d:Property:P9172|playDB artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9173|Rate Your Music genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P9174|XXXBios transgender performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9175|Centre-Val de Loire Inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9176|Occitanie Inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9177|playDB play ID]], [[:d:Property:P9178|Biblioteca Franco Serantini ID]], [[:d:Property:P9179|Biblioteca Iglesia Nacional Española en Roma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9181|Germanistenverzeichnis ID]], [[:d:Property:P9182|uta-net.com song ID]], [[:d:Property:P9183|uta-net.com artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sensors|sensors]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Applying institution|Applying institution]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FAQ url|FAQ url]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/digital distribution platform|digital distribution platform]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bandcamp Tag|Bandcamp Tag]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anzahl der Staffeln|Anzahl der Staffeln]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PDDikti ID|PDDikti ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/template applies category|template applies category]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/workers represented by|workers represented by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/alt text|alt text]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/demographics of topic|demographics of topic]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AaRC title ID|AaRC title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani ID|Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JedeSchule.de ID|JedeSchule.de ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bashenc.online ID|bashenc.online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Svoya Igra television player ID|Svoya Igra television player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ID|Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TaDiRAH ID (2)|TaDiRAH ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oklahoma's NRHP ID|Oklahoma's NRHP ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sauvons nos tombes cemetery ID|Sauvons nos tombes cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discogs genre ID|Discogs genre ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sauvons nos tombes person ID|Sauvons nos tombes person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Odnoklassniki user numeric ID|Odnoklassniki user numeric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CPC-PR ID|CPC-PR ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Obituaries Australia ID|Obituaries Australia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indigenous Australia ID|Indigenous Australia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Women Australia ID|Women Australia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIATSIS Subject Thesaurus ID|AIATSIS Subject Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biografisches Handbuch – Todesopfer der Grenzregime am Eisernen Vorhang ID|Biografisches Handbuch – Todesopfer der Grenzregime am Eisernen Vorhang ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmitalia film ID|Filmitalia film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Filmitalia person ID|Filmitalia person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Resident Advisor Venue ID|Resident Advisor Venue ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GB1900 ID|GB1900 ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AIATSIS Place Thesaurus ID|AIATSIS Place Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mixcloud ID|Mixcloud ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Labour Australia ID|Labour Australia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mexicana Repositorio|Mexicana Repositorio]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Science Magazine author ID|Science Magazine author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Everipedia ID|Everipedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ARAE ID|ARAE ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archivo Linz de la Transición Española ID|Archivo Linz de la Transición Española ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museo Nacional de la Estampa ID|Museo Nacional de la Estampa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NParks Flora & Fauna Web ID|NParks Flora & Fauna Web ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Bourgogne-Franche-Comté|identifiant inventaire Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Île-de-France|identifiant inventaire Île-de-France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Normandie|identifiant inventaire Normandie]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Pays de la Loire|identifiant inventaire Pays de la Loire]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant inventaire Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur|identifiant inventaire Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionari de la traducció catalana ID|Diccionari de la traducció catalana ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/zdd List of vegan restaurants] *** [https://w.wiki/$fK List of food that are iconic to particular countries] ([https://twitter.com/KarlXOblique/status/1363054210900762627 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/zyH Map of monuments in Lower Saxony, Germany] ([https://w.wiki/zyC Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/$aX Map of former plantations in Surinam] ([https://twitter.com/hayify/status/1363075272447324161 Source)] *** [https://w.wiki/fP7 Map of Wats in Thailand] - ([https://twitter.com/MaewNam/status/1362020624487612417 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/zZd Localities in Mexico and contain 𝐒𝐚n in their name] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1361796008305393665 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/zm6 Female mycologists born pre-1900, sorted by number of sitelinks] ([https://twitter.com/SiobhanLeachman/status/1361727131030413312 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/zd2 Women scientists who were born between the year 1500 and 1900] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1363307817696776192 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Fixed wrongly encoded HTML in some messages in the Wikidata Bridge ([[phab:T272350]]) ** Working on showing all languages in the language suggester for monolingual text Properties ([[phab:T124758]]) ** Fixed an issue with spaces in external identifier URLs being replaced by "+" ([[phab:T271126]]) ** Added a rate limit for creating Item IDs, which should help with decreasing the number of skipped Q-IDs ([[phab:T272032]]) ** Fixed an issue where whitespace was stripped while typing when editing Lexemes ([[phab:T250550]]) ** Fixing the case where you cannot easily edit negative quantities after saving ([[phab:T274129]]) ** Working on making it possible to query for quantity values in the Query Builder ([[phab:T268942]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 02 22|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:06, 22 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21126172 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #457 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Dr.üsenfieber|Dr.üsenfieber]] (unsussesful) ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/P155/P156 as qualifiers only, rather than as main statements|P155/P156 as qualifiers only, rather than as main statements]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, March 2 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming video: LIVE Wikidata editing #34 Open Data Day - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoUfkQ0mVe8 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2902104563408035/ Facebook], March 6 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#52|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #52]], March 7 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata bug triage hour]] about Lexemes, March 22nd ** Upcoming: [https://www.unb.ca/fredericton/management/ibec/data-challenge1.html Wikidata-based Data Sprint hosted by the University of New Brunswick]. One Wikidata data set will be provided on 11th March 2021 and various teams will have 2 hours to run a set of SPARQL queries against the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) and showcase their results. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogpost: [https://rpubs.com/yannryan/729877 Wikidata and Correspondence Archives] (Enriching basic metadata with a knowledge graph) ** Blogpost: [https://datajournalism.com/read/longreads/the-promise-of-wikidata The promise of Wikidata] - How journalists can use the crowdsourced open knowledge base as a data source (at DataJournalism.com) ** Video: Accra Archive Wikidata and Wikipedia Workshop (GLAMS Campaign Ghana) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yt-Gygr3LqE YouTube] ** Video: COVID-19 coverage on Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYJvBgVWTqM YouTube] ** Video: Identify and describe items of bibliographic interest (articles, monographs, authors) on Wikidata (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP1IwCd1w_g YouTube] ** Video: Visualizing the global research ecosystem via Wikidata and Scholia - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rk_XdMCk3fA YouTube] ** Video: Demo: How to upload new bibliography and create dashboards on Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtwnSB2E--U YouTube] ** Video: Reconciliation Open Refine Wikidata (in Swedish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iRX3hFu9exs YouTube] ** Video: Reconciling researchers to Wikidata via Google Sheets - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lcnLv1j4PyM YouTube] ** Video: LIVE Wikidata editing #33 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPQTRMiYYf4 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2897172903901201/ Facebook] ** Video: How to create new Wikidata item (in Dutch) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSU4QylZ3ls YouTube] ** Video: Merging Wikidata items (in Dutch) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6AHcat-TKI YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[:d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance user interface#EditSum|EditSum]], a new user script which allows to attach custom summary text to any label/statement/sitelink/etc. modification. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeInterwikiLinks.js|User:Nikki/LexemeInterwikiLinks.js]], is a userscript that adds Wiktionary interwiki links in the sidebar on Lexeme pages. (It links to pages corresponding to the first lemma and puts the lexeme language's Wiktionary first, followed by languages in the user's Babel box). ** [[m:User:Lucas Werkmeister/addStatementCountsToCategories.js|User:Lucas Werkmeister/addStatementCountsToCategories.js]], is a userscript that shows the number of statements of the linked item for all pages in a category. ** [[m:WikiCite/Shared Citations|Shared Citations]], a ''proposal'' arising from the WikiCite project, for a central reference management database supporting all Wikimedia projects, with significant relationship to Wikidata. Seeking feedback. ** [[w:fr:Modèle:Indice de diversité de genre|Modèle:Indice de diversité de genre]] (Template:Gender diversity index) is a new template in the French Wikipedia which use P21 (gender property) to count the number of people by gender mentioned in an article. It helps to find articles which "forget" to cite women. ** Lexeme JSON dumps are now available as a collection of individual lexeme data in the regular JSON format, separate from the regular Wikidata dumps containing Items and Properties. [[phab:T264883]] ** [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274569#6864569 We found a way to improve the performance of scrolling on the Item page by changing how we move the Property labels as you scroll through the page]. You should see the effect after the next deployment. ** [https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/about BBC Things] includes links to Wikidata to provide a single reference for the growing collection of entities that matter to the BBC and their audiences. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9180|number of at bats]], [[:d:Property:P9184|number of hits]], [[:d:Property:P9188|bases on balls]], [[:d:Property:P9190|runs batted in]], [[:d:Property:P9191|letterer]], [[:d:Property:P9192|sensors]], [[:d:Property:P9214|FAQ URL]], [[:d:Property:P9215|set during recurring event]], [[:d:Property:P9217|stolen bases]], [[:d:Property:P9220|doubles hit]], [[:d:Property:P9225|triples hit]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9181|Germanistenverzeichnis ID]], [[:d:Property:P9182|uta-net.com song ID]], [[:d:Property:P9183|uta-net.com artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9185|AllMusic genre/style ID]], [[:d:Property:P9186|DicoPolHiS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9187|EuroBabeIndex.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P9189|Sauvons nos tombes cemetery ID]], [[:d:Property:P9193|LombardiaBeniCulturali archive producer person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9194|LombardiaBeniCulturali archive producer organization ID]], [[:d:Property:P9195|LombardiaBeniCulturali archive producer family ID]], [[:d:Property:P9196|BookBub author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9197|TlF artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9198|Encyclopédie berbère article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9199|Protagonisti della storia delle scienze della mente ID]], [[:d:Property:P9200|English Placenames MADS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9201|Norwegian State Administration Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9202|teatral.ro play/theater ID]], [[:d:Property:P9203|CineFAN.ro title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9204|CinemaRX title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9205|Sinemalar title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9206|Swissvote ID]], [[:d:Property:P9207|Bourgogne-Franche-Comté inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9208|Île-de-France inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9209|Normandie inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9210|Pays de la Loire inventory identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9211|Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P9212|Dizionario biografico online degli anarchici italiani ID]], [[:d:Property:P9213|Swedish Literature Bank place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9216|Opera Online conductor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9218|Discogs genre ID]], [[:d:Property:P9219|Discogs style ID]], [[:d:Property:P9221|Danmarks Adresseregister named street ID]], [[:d:Property:P9222|bashenc.online ID]], [[:d:Property:P9223|Provenio UUID]], [[:d:Property:P9224|JedeSchule.de ID]], [[:d:Property:P9226|ARAE ID]], [[:d:Property:P9227|Encyclopedia Titanica ID]], [[:d:Property:P9228|U.S. Masters Swimming ID]], [[:d:Property:P9229|DzygaMDB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9230|NLS place type ID]], [[:d:Property:P9231|Archivo Linz de la Transición Española ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/demographics of topic|demographics of topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/strikeouts|strikeouts]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/district heating|district heating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of signatories|number of signatories]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/opt-out|opt-out]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/payer|payer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/secondary topic|secondary topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/grant number|grant number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Future Salaries ID|Future Salaries ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Index égalité professionnelle F/H|Index égalité professionnelle F/H]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commons incompatible image URL|Commons incompatible image URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/verbal ability|verbal ability]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Diccionari de la traducció catalana ID|Diccionari de la traducció catalana ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ANPI person ID|ANPI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ANPI person numeric ID|ANPI person numeric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/APS author ID|APS author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EEVA author ID|EEVA author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archives West finding aid ID|Archives West finding aid ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BiographySampo person ID|BiographySampo person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discord server numeric ID|Discord server numeric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discord user numeric ID|Discord user numeric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CUT ID|CUT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Amathus ID|Amathus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EUC ID|EUC ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UPSA ID|UPSA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RePEc EconPapers ID|RePEc EconPapers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dark Horse contributor ID|Dark Horse contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ComiXology publisher ID|ComiXology publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Austrian Newspapers Online ID|Austrian Newspapers Online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyprus Library ID|Cyprus Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyMusic artist ID|MyMusic artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LFCHistory.net player ID|LFCHistory.net player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeSH qualifier ID|MeSH qualifier ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/324x Hungarian church buildings sorted by confessions] ([[d:User_talk:Mohammed_Sadat_(WMDE)#New_query_example|Source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/32kG Where Czechs most died if not in their place of birth] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1365366579748343809 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/32kK Most popular tonalities] ([https://twitter.com/luisalvaz/status/1365328187211853829 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: *** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Templates|WikiProject Templates]] for templates in Wikidata * '''Development''' ** Working on first version of small tool that lets you get the average ORES quality score for a list of Items and find the lowest-quality Items in the batch so it's easier to improve them. ** Taking a closer look at what larger improvements we want to make to Lexemes later this year. ** Thinking through different ways how we can technically get mismatches between Wikidata's data and other databases so we can later expose them. ** Thinking through what the first version of the REST API should contain and what should come later. ** Fixed an issue with whitespaces when editing Lexemes ([[phab:T250550]]) ** Made sure all languages show up in the language selector for monolingual text Properties at least with their language code because them not showing up was very confusing ([[phab:T124758]]) ** Fixed an issue with generating correct links for external IDs with + ([[phab:T271126]]) ** Fixing an issue with Property selector not falling back from language variant to major language ([[phab:T272712]]) ** Continuing to build out the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ Query Builder] and focusing on input for quantity and date queries ([[phab:T268942]] and [[phab:T272697]]) ** Due to the planned delay of the release of MediaWiki 1.36, the Wikibase team has been working on preparing a Wikibase update that includes new functionality (such as the “Federated Properties” feature) based on v1.35. To that end, we started backporting certain features and fixes into the Wikibase 1.35 release. Follow our progress [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/5218/ here]. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 03 01|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:45, 1 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21162484 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #458 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: SORSE - Wikidata as a research tool for data modelling and integration in the humanities ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_a8DEZz2uI replay on YouTube]) ** Past: [[m:Wikimedia Taiwan/Wikidata Taiwan/OpenDataDay Taiwan 2021|Open Data Day Taiwan 2021]] 2021-03-06 , {{Q|1867}}, {{Q|245023}}, {{Q|140631}} and online stream ([https://www.facebook.com/WikidataTW FB] and [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDQF9ZTA1NjpOAq7NtkO8hQ Youtube]) ** Upcoming: OSM TW x Wikidata Taiwan {{Q|1867}} Meetup 2021-03-08 {{Q|61752245}} ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: OCLC Research’s CONTENTdm Wikibase data model for pilot project to improve collection discoverability, Tuesday, March 9th.[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PySajs8UGZgpJevzv21J6-5WR54kEb-c71GoVEb4DZw/edit?usp=sharing] ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, March 9 at 18:00 CET ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #35 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDMhcxCBA9o YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2907430509542107/ Facebook], March 13 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#53|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #53]], March 14 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** "[https://www.dbpedia.org/blog/giving-knowledge-back-to-wikipedia/ Giving knowledge back to Wikipedia]: Towards a Systematic Approach to Sync Factual Data across Wikipedia, Wikidata and External Data Sources" (by DBPedia) ** Papers *** [https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.28.433265 Open Natural Products Research: Curation and Dissemination of Biological Occurrences of Chemical Structures through Wikidata] *** A paper describing [https://www.coviwd.org/ COVIWD]: [http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jiki.v14i1.941 COVIWD: COVID-19 Wikidata Dashboard] ** Videos *** Wikidata and Abstract Wikipedia by Denny Vrandečić - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OL9Cc2Mockw YouTube] *** Working hour on items of bibliographic interest in Wikidata (in Italian) -[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYyiPjZeRls YouTube] *** Open Data Day Taiwan 2021 -[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68vkGWWu1Ck Youtube Live] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #34 Open Data Day - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoUfkQ0mVe8 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2902104563408035/ Facebook] * '''Tool of the week''' **[[:d:User:Jon Harald Søby/Panoviewer.js|Panoviewer.js]] inserts an iframe from the [https://panoviewer.toolforge.org/ Panoviewer] tool to [[d:Property:P4640|photosphere image (P4640)]] statements. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikidata has now items about nine million people: 99,991,000,000 to do ([[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Nine_million_people|project chat]]) ** A new browser for Wikidata is available: the [https://ringgaard.com/kb/Q195 SLING knowledge base browser] by [[d:User:Mringgaard|User:Mringgaard]]. It is lightning fast and entirely based on modern Web components. ** [[d:Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Focus languages|Help choose focus languages for improvements to the lexicographic extension of Wikidata and Abstract Wikipedia]]. Nominations should be submitted by April 7, and the decision will be made by April 14 by the teams taking your comments into account. ** [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|Help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki]]. Voting ends before Monday March 15th 23:59 UTC. ** [https://twitter.com/MagnusManske/status/1368939368250040322 PetScan can now generate KML map overlay data]. E.g. [https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=18591379&format=kml University towns in Germany]. ([https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/render_kml.html?kml=https://petscan.wmflabs.org/?psid=18591379%26format=kml Map view]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9234|supplement to]], [[:d:Property:P9235|seismic classification]], [[:d:Property:P9237|reissue of]], [[:d:Property:P9238|staking percentage]], [[:d:Property:P9239|affiliated worker organisation]], [[:d:Property:P9241|demographics of topic]], [[:d:Property:P9259|assessment outcome]], [[:d:Property:P9260|notation writer]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9231|Archivo Linz de la Transición Española ID]], [[:d:Property:P9232|Obituaries Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9233|XXXBios female performer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9236|RDA value vocabularies ID]], [[:d:Property:P9240|Encyclopedia of Seventh-day Adventists ID]], [[:d:Property:P9242|Whiskybase distillery ID]], [[:d:Property:P9243|NParks Flora & Fauna Web ID]], [[:d:Property:P9244|Women Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9245|Labour Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9246|Indigenous Australia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9247|Pontifical University of Salamanca ID]], [[:d:Property:P9248|EEVA author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9249|Nauvoo Community Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P9250|Cyprus Library ID]], [[:d:Property:P9251|Cyprus University of Technology ID]], [[:d:Property:P9252|Amathus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9253|European University Cyprus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9254|Museo Nacional de la Estampa ID]], [[:d:Property:P9255|Resident Advisor club ID]], [[:d:Property:P9256|Diccionari de la traducció catalana ID]], [[:d:Property:P9257|CPC-PR ID]], [[:d:Property:P9258|Austrian Newspapers Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P9261|Oklahoma's NRHP ID]], [[:d:Property:P9262|ChemRxiv ID]], [[:d:Property:P9263|Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P9264|FFF player ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Property:P9265|Physics Magazine author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9266|Ligue 1 player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9267|ANPI person numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9268|Science Magazine author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9269|Odnoklassniki user numeric ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/verbal ability|verbal ability]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/易玩應用程序標識符|易玩應用程序標識符]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/earned run average|earned run average]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/named place on map|named place on map]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inhabitants of topic|inhabitants of topic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/consequence of text|consequence of text]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/writing style|writing style]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/applicant|applicant]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/co-applicant|co-applicant]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cantonese romanisation|Cantonese romanisation]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/repairability|repairability]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeSH qualifier ID|MeSH qualifier ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Ostrava person ID|Encyclopedia of Ostrava person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Plzeň person ID|Encyclopedia of Plzeň person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stadtlexikon Karlsruhe|Stadtlexikon Karlsruhe]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Museum of the jewish people ID|Museum of the jewish people ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopaedia Herder concept ID|Encyclopaedia Herder concept ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia ID|Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Capitolare di Verona author ID|Biblioteca Capitolare di Verona author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico|Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PorcelanaBrasil ID|PorcelanaBrasil ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Eesti entsüklopeedia ID|Eesti entsüklopeedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Melbourne ID|Encyclopedia of Melbourne ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cyprus Bibliography ID|Cyprus Bibliography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JaneladaHistoria ID|JaneladaHistoria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OsobnostiRegionu.cz ID|OsobnostiRegionu.cz ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America ID|Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française ID| Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Inforegister ID|Inforegister ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Terezín Memorial Database ID|Terezín Memorial Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWB lemma ID|AWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MWB lemma ID|MWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MHDBDB lemma ID|MHDBDB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for Middle High German|Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for Middle High German]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire ID|Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for modern German|Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for modern German]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet ID|Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/34Mo Deceased people with verified Twitter accounts] ([https://twitter.com/grafst/status/1367309410020786181 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/34k8 members of ''Ludlamshöhle'', a society in Vienna (1819-1826)] ([[d:Wikidata_talk:WikiProject_Austria#Ludlamshöhle|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/34Js Things discovered or invented by women] ([https://twitter.com/mlpoulter/status/1368888720380866564 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: *** [[Wikidata:WikiProject Early Modern England and Wales]] ([[d:WD:WP EMEW|WD:WP EMEW]]) ** Newest database reports: *** [[d:Wikidata:Database reports/Gadget usage statistics|Gadget usage statistics]] - Includes gadgets enabled in preferences or common.js * '''Development''' ** Fixed an issue where the Property selector is not falling back from language variant to major language ([[phab:T272712]]) ** Working on support for editing statements on Senses on Lexemes via wbeditentity ([[phab:T199896]]) ** Continuing to work on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ Query Builder] and making it possible to query for quantities and dates with it. ** Putting finishing touches on a small tool that lets you get the average ORES quality score for a list of Items as well as the individual scores for each of the Items [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 03 08|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:02, 8 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21197714 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #459 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Minorax|Minorax]] (RfP scheduled to end after 19 March 2021 11:23 UTC) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021|30 Lexic-o-days]], events and projects around lexicographical data, from March 15th to April 14th. ([[d:Wikidata:Events/30_lexic-o-days_2021#Events|full schedule, details and links here]]) *** March 15: Kickstart and open discussion about lexicographical data *** March 16: SPARQL queries about Lexemes (in French) with Vigneron *** March 17: Documentation Q&A with Dan Shick *** March 20: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1Octg9GuHc Live editing on Lexemes with Ainali and Abbe98] *** March 22: Bug triage hour about Lexemes with Lydia Pintscher ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#54|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #54]], March 21 ** Upcoming: Wikidata - The Linked Open Data Platform Everyone Can Contribute To (Public talk) - [https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/wikidata-the-linked-open-data-platform-everyone-can-contribute-to-tickets-142031683589 Registration link] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://blog.archive.org/2021/03/09/search-scholarly-materials-preserved-in-the-internet-archive/ Internet Archive Scholar is launched] - Wikidata is thanked in the acknowledgements *** [https://sinaahmadi.github.io/posts/10-essential-sparql-queries-for-lexicographical-data-on-wikidata.html 10 basic but essential SPARQL queries for lexicographical data on Wikidata] *** [https://codethecity.org/2021/03/12/using-wikidata-aberdeens-heritage/ Using Wikidata to model Aberdeen’s Industrial Heritage] *** [https://carnegiehall.github.io/datalab/experiments/chdl-0011.html Carnegie Hall experienced a veritable rock explosion during its 1971-72 season, with 70 rock concerts between September 1971 and June 1972] *** [http://baskauf.blogspot.com/2021/03/writing-your-own-data-to-wikidata-using.html Writing your own data to Wikidata using spreadsheets: Part 1] ** Videos *** OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Taiwan Meetup Record - [https://odysee.com/@WikidataTaiwan:c/2021-03-08-19-30-26:6 Odysee] *** RDF data model of Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uMjCCXqQcw YouTube] *** OpenRefine​ / SPARQL editing session with Saint-Raymond Museum in Toulouse. By [[d:User:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjDfbS4MhBI YouTube] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #35 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDMhcxCBA9o YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2907430509542107/ Facebook] *** An initial look at the TopicTagger tool for Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nTx-XpjtME YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' **[[d:User:Nikki/LexemeToggleSections.js|User:Nikki/LexemeToggleSections.js]] script allows to expand/collapse the sections on lexeme pages. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lab.plant-humanities.org/ Plant Humanities Lab] is a website you can use to explore the cultural histories of plants and their influence on human societies. ** [https://dxlab.sl.nsw.gov.au/art-index/ DX Lab Art Index] is an interactive database of over 18,000 nineteenth century Australian Artworks by over 2000 artists with links to Wikidata & compiled by volunteers over 10 years. ** The new WDQS Streaming Updater is live as of March 15, 2021 on a pre-production test server for feedback. Available at https://query-preview.wikidata.org/. Release details [[Wikidata:Project_chat#New_WDQS_Streaming_Updater_now_available_on_pre-production_test_server_for_feedback|here]]. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2021-March/014562.html Wikimedia Foundation Research Award of the Year] - Call for Nominations! The research must be on, about, using data from, and/or of importance to Wikipedia, Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons or other Wikimedia projects. Deadline to submit your nomination is no later than 2021-03-22. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9259|assessment outcome]], [[:d:Property:P9260|music transcriber]], [[:d:Property:P9274|subsidy]], [[:d:Property:P9275|inverse agonist of]], [[:d:Property:P9279|gender equality index]], [[:d:Property:P9295|transitivity]], [[:d:Property:P9302|script style]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9261|Oklahoma's NRHP ID]], [[:d:Property:P9262|ChemRxiv ID]], [[:d:Property:P9263|Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Inventory ID]], [[:d:Property:P9264|FFF player ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Property:P9265|Physics Magazine author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9266|Ligue 1 player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9267|ANPI person numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9268|Science Magazine author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9269|Odnoklassniki user numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9270|ANSI/NISO standard ID]], [[:d:Property:P9271|Kickstarter username]], [[:d:Property:P9272|DeCS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9273|RePEc EconPapers ID]], [[:d:Property:P9276|Encyclopedia of Ostrava History person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9277|LFChistory.net player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9278|Pandektis ID]], [[:d:Property:P9280|Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot ID]], [[:d:Property:P9281|Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9282|Catalogue of the Capitular Library of Verona author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9283|AaRC film ID]], [[:d:Property:P9284|GB1900 ID]], [[:d:Property:P9285|Stadtlexikon Karlsruhe ID]], [[:d:Property:P9286|Encyclopaedia Herder concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P9287|Cyprus Bibliography ID]], [[:d:Property:P9288|EncyclopediaPR ID]], [[:d:Property:P9289|Filmitalia person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9290|TikTok music ID]], [[:d:Property:P9291|Eesti entsüklopeedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9292|Encyclopédie du patrimoine culturel de l'Amérique française ID]], [[:d:Property:P9293|AIATSIS Place Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9294|AIATSIS Subject Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9296|Astro Awani topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P9297|TapTap application ID]], [[:d:Property:P9298|Encyclopedia of Plzeň person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9299|OsobnostiRegionu.cz ID]], [[:d:Property:P9300|Terezín Memorial Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9301|National Gallery of Art Library Bibliographic ID]], [[:d:Property:P9303|svoyak.info player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9304|Encyclopedia of Melbourne ID]], [[:d:Property:P9305|Max Movie person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9306|EudraCT trial ID]], [[:d:Property:P9307|Fancyclopedia 3 ID]], [[:d:Property:P9308|operator licence number]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cantonese romanisation|Cantonese romanisation]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/repairability|repairability]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gedong Kirtya classification|Gedong Kirtya classification]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Valence|Valence]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has graphical element|has graphical element]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikidata:Property proposal/Antarctic Specially Protected Area ID|Antarctic Specially Protected Area ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CBO Occupation Code (en) / Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO) (pt)|CBO Occupation Code (en) / Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO) (pt)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reason for unknown/no value|Reason for unknown/no value]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/generalization of/generalized by|generalization of/generalized by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/acronym|acronym]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sales of arms and military services|Sales of arms and military services]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/formé en même temps que|formé en même temps que]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Suggested fields|Suggested fields]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AWB lemma ID|AWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MWB lemma ID|MWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MHDBDB lemma ID|MHDBDB lemma ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for Middle High German|Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for Middle High German]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire ID|Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for modern German|Woerterbuchnetz.de IDs for modern German]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet ID|Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SVKKL authority ID|SVKKL authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Demozoo Group ID|Demozoo Group ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GameSpot developer ID|GameSpot developer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Place Names ID|Washington Place Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PatER ID|PatER ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Latin Place Names ID|Latin Place Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enslaved ID|Enslaved ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ávvir topic ID|Ávvir topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Salaborsa building ID|Salaborsa building ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/storiaememoriadibologna ID|storiaememoriadibologna ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UniversalMusic France artist ID|UniversalMusic France artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oxford African American Studies Center ID|Oxford African American Studies Center ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Fenice Theatre in Venice person ID|La Fenice Theatre in Venice person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MeSH descriptor/qualifier ID|MeSH descriptor/qualifier ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú researcher ID|Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú researcher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fortalezas.org ID|Fortalezas.org ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Keratsini-Drapetsona libraries' catalogue authority ID|Keratsini-Drapetsona libraries' catalogue authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/France24 topic ID|France24 topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNA topic ID|CNA topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Portrait Archive ID|Portrait Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/athletics.lv athlete id|athletics.lv athlete id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/temples.ru ID|temples.ru ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/34km Latin American women who are activists and were born between 1900-1999] (ordered by the number of articles written on Wikipedia) ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1369057880159051776 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/34yJ Transportation routes in Zurich named after women] ([https://twitter.com/sharozwa/status/1369256516193239047 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/34kF Location of buildings designed by] [[d:Q47780|Zaha Hadid]] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1369835767007223811 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/35dE Proportion of Basque men / women in Donostialdea region] ([https://twitter.com/kepasarasola/status/1370287282222170114 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/35eP Count of the industry companies on Wikidata belong to] ([https://twitter.com/watty62/status/1370319664480460801 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/35jV Danish verbs-derived-from-non-verbs] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1370427333606309893 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/JnF Mountains of the Basque Country] ([https://twitter.com/kepasarasola/status/1371469523723939842 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Continued working on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ Query Builder] and focused on querying for quantity values ([[phab:T268942]]), handling special cases around sub classes for taxons and locations ([[phab:T274634]]) adding tooltips ([[phab:T275542]]) and sharing a visual query ([[phab:T272887]]) ** Making changes to how Cognate handles redirects on Wiktionary to make more pages accessible through interwiki links ([[phab:T165061]]) ** Creating a dashboard to break down the number of editors by namespace ([[phab:T275999]]) ** Finishing support for editing statements on Senses on Lexemes via wbeditentity API module ([[phab:T199896]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 03 15|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:12, 15 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21207484 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #460 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Signed Statements (T138708)|Signed Statements (T138708)]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021|30 Lexic-o-days]], events and projects around lexicographical data, continues until April 14th. ([[d:Wikidata:Events/30_lexic-o-days_2021#Events|full schedule, details and links here]]) *** March 22: Bug triage hour about Lexemes with Lydia Pintscher *** March 23: SPARQL querying for Lexemes with Vigneron *** March 24: Open discussion in French about Lexemes *** March 25: Documentation Q&A with Dan Shick *** March 27: Lingua Libre, how you can record words in your language and use them on Wikidata, with Poslovitch ** Upcoming: The [[:m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021 03|next Wikibase live session]] is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1616688029 16:00 UTC on Thursday 25 March 2021] [https://calendar.google.com/event?action=TEMPLATE&tmeid=NzByaHE1YnJmbml0aGF2MjJwbTE5N3NsOGFfMjAyMTAzMjVUMTYwMDAwWiBjXzcxdnQxN2E1cW1tMWdhcWU2bXB2M2lhb2RzQGc&tmsrc=c_71vt17a5qmm1gaqe6mpv3iaods%40group.calendar.google.com&scp=ALL (Add to calendar)]. This month we will have a team member from Enslaved.org talk to us briefly about how they are using Linked Open Data (LOD) with the help of Wikibase (due of technical challenges they couldn't join us last time). Everyone is welcome to attend the call. ** Upcoming: The [[m:Arctic Knot Conference 2021/Call for submissions|Arctic Knot Wikimedia Language Conference]] is taking place remotely on June 24-25, and focusing on indigenous and underrepresented languages on the Wikimedia projects. The call for submissions is now open until April 15th, if you want to present something related to Wikidata and languages, [[m:Arctic Knot Conference 2021/Call for submissions|feel free to apply]]. ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Members of the EthicsLD Group will be leading a discussion on ethics in linked data, Tuesday, March 23rd.[https://docs.google.com/document/d/131xlOiWyTLb43Gn30Z7_y9D303GlWwuuaebF_CW6xUQ/edit#] ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #37 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN0gPe9GhFk YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2918162901802201/ Facebook], March 27 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#55|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #55]], March 28 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers *** [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-021-01214-9 Intercessory Rote Prayer, Life Longevity and the Mortality of Roman Catholic Bishops: An Exploratory Study] (Using Wikidata to study whether prayers have an effect) ** Videos *** Wikidata Taiwan @ g0v tw hackath43n - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRhjZm7HXvA Youtube] *** Live editing lexemes [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1Octg9GuHc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2913027562315735/ Facebook] *** Live editing lexemes (in French) by [[w:User:VIGNERONh|VIGNERON]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8D_qUNWYx0 YouTube] *** Wikidata international women's rights day SPARQL queries (in French) by [[w:User:VIGNERONh|VIGNERON]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8-IA7mNAdo YouTube] *** Introduction to Wikidata by [[w:User:Peteforsyth|Peteforsyth]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7ZE3tDotMk YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://wikidata-todo.toolforge.org/sparql_rc.php? Sparql_rc] is a recent changes feed that only shows you changes in an area of Wikidata you care about. It now also supports Lexemes. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikidata Lexeme Forms now supports Portuguese nouns *** [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/template/portuguese-noun-masculine/ masculine] *** [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/template/portuguese-noun-feminine/ feminine] ** [https://erinnerungshort.de/kap/ erinnerungshort.de/kap/] is a data and photo research project and map visualization tool with federated license query from Structured Commons, by [[User:Raymond|Raymond]] and [[User:Elya|Elya]]. ** ~7500 person items have been enriched with the new property [[:d:Property:P4872|GEPRIS person ID]] (P4872), imported from a high quality dataset from the [[d:Q707283|Q707283]]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9310|pHash checksum]], [[:d:Property:P9311|Jyutping transliteration]], [[:d:Property:P9313|Yale romanization]], [[:d:Property:P9317|Cantonese Pinyin]], [[:d:Property:P9323|Cantonese Transliteration Scheme transliteration]], [[:d:Property:P9325|Gedong Kirtya Classification]], [[:d:Property:P9344|has graphical element]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9309|TaDiRAH ID]], [[:d:Property:P9312|AWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9314|Latin Place Names ID]], [[:d:Property:P9315|Enslaved person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9316|MyMusic artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9318|Ávvir topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P9319|Dark Horse creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P9320|ComiXology publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P9321|Inforegister ID]], [[:d:Property:P9322|SVKKL authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9324|BiographySampo person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9326|PatER ID]], [[:d:Property:P9327|Cartigli di Bologna ID]], [[:d:Property:P9328|Universal Music France artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9329|Svoya Igra television player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9330|Washington Place Names ID]], [[:d:Property:P9331|Storiaememoriadibologna ID]], [[:d:Property:P9332|Oxford African American Studies Center ID]], [[:d:Property:P9333|LFH staff ID]], [[:d:Property:P9334|Cephalopod Ontology entity ID]], [[:d:Property:P9335|Archives West finding aid ID]], [[:d:Property:P9336|Das wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon im Internet ID]], [[:d:Property:P9337|Keratsini-Drapetsona libraries' catalogue authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9338|NFL.com ID (new scheme)]], [[:d:Property:P9339|Bavarian Monument Map object ID (architectural monument)]], [[:d:Property:P9340|MeSH descriptor/qualifier ID]], [[:d:Property:P9341|MeSH qualifier ID]], [[:d:Property:P9342|Bavarian Monument Map Object-ID (ground monument)]], [[:d:Property:P9343|temples.ru ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/zugeschrieben|zugeschrieben]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IMDb rating|IMDb rating]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/death rate|death rate]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/trade union membership rate|trade union membership rate]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifier shared with lexeme|identifier shared with lexeme]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/introduced on|introduced on]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/instances are former instances of|instances are former instances of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/presentation template|presentation template]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/voted on by|voted on by]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has supplier|has supplier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/キロ程|キロ程]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Slovník českých filosofů ID|Slovník českých filosofů ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyklopedie migrace ID|Encyklopedie migrace ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Migration ID|Encyclopedia of Migration ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tacoma Local History & Biography Index ID|Tacoma Local History & Biography Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tacoma-Pierce County Buildings Index ID|Tacoma-Pierce County Buildings Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tacoma-Pierce County Obituary Index ID|Tacoma-Pierce County Obituary Index ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rombase ID|Rombase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Stalker author ID|Stalker author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ODLIS ID|ODLIS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enslaved place ID|Enslaved place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CAOI person ID|CAOI person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IBSF-Wettbewerbs-ID|IBSF-Wettbewerbs-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FranceArchives agent ID|FranceArchives agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pango lineage code|Pango lineage code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ministry of Education New Zealand school ID|Ministry of Education New Zealand school ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Place Names NI ID|Place Names NI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NMRShiftDB Structure ID|NMRShiftDB Structure ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Modernist Commons ID|Modernist Commons ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Megale Kypriake Enkyklopaideia ID|Megale Kypriake Enkyklopaideia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopédie de l’humanisme méditerranéen ID|Encyclopédie de l’humanisme méditerranéen ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sociologické encyklopedie ID|Sociologické encyklopedie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Government of Canada Core Subject Thesaurus ID|Government of Canada Core Subject Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Thésaurus des sujets de base du gouvernement du Canada ID|Thésaurus des sujets de base du gouvernement du Canada ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Routes & Places ID|Routes & Places ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rekhta Author ID|Rekhta Author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rekhta Book ID|Rekhta Book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Database of Laws and Regulations ID|National Database of Laws and Regulations ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija person ID|Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija concept ID|Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija concept ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/37Mw Railway junctions in Scotland] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1372929529778483201 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/376e Maps of Y-shaped subway lines] ([https://twitter.com/FeuFollet_/status/1372793598983344136 Source]) *** Map of the hometown of [https://w.wiki/37K7 Real Sociedad] / [https://w.wiki/37K6 Athletic Club] players ([https://twitter.com/theklanB/status/1373237800150126592 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37Cw Count of type of things with IIIF links known to Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/mlpoulter/status/1372951885393621006 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/373D Successful candidates during 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly in each constituencies] ([https://twitter.com/wikidata_ml/status/1372642955677245440 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/36ss COVID-19 external Identifier URLs in Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/photomediathink/status/1372377649599942659 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/34m6 Public spaces whose names are of women] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1372018811570900992 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37NJ Place of birth of females with biography articles on Basque Wikipedia] ([https://twitter.com/theklanB/status/1371573551854145536 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37T2 Map of places in iNaturalist] ([https://w.wiki/37Sx Source]) *** [http://w.wiki/36aQ Number of elements of scientists by nationality] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1373787454117965824 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Work on the first version of the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ Query Builder] is nearing its end. Doing remaining work on querying for quantities, dates and ranges as well as polishing and bug fixing. ** Made Cognate work correctly for redirects on Wiktionary ([[phab:T165061]]) ** Fixed an issue where the termbox on Item pages used the wrong list of languages on the mobile version ([[phab:T275611]]) ** Cleaned up deleted Items from the term store database table ([[phab:T263730]]) ** Got feedback on the initial click-dummies for checking Wikidata's data against other databases to find mismatches [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 03 22|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 18:16, 22 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21243696 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #461 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Closed request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Minorax|Minorax]], welcome onboard! * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021|30 Lexic-o-days]], events and projects around lexicographical data, continues until April 14th. ([[d:Wikidata:Events/30_lexic-o-days_2021#Events|full schedule, details and links here]]) *** March 30: Live SPARQL queries about Lexemes in French by Vigneron *** March 30: Abstract Wikipedia & Lexemes Q&A with Denny Vrandečić *** April 1: Documentation Q&A with Dan Shick *** April 5-11: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Climate lexeme week|Climate Lexeme Week]] *** April 5: Abstract Wikipedia & Lexemes Q&A with Denny Vrandečić ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #38 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ShFdIs2CrI YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2923361017949056/ Facebook], April 3 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#56|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #56]], April 4 ** Upcoming: [https://hack.glam.opendata.ch/project/57 WikiCommons metadata analysis tool] is intended to be developed at the online hackathon at [https://hack.glam.opendata.ch hack.glam.opendata.ch], 16-17 April 2021 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Structured_data_for_GLAM-Wiki/Roundtripping/KMB Dataroundtripping Wikidata - Wikicommons - Runestones pictures] ** Papers *** [[d:Q106235601|FAIR and open multilingual clinical trials in Wikidata and Wikipedia]] ***[https://revistas.ufpr.br/atoz/article/view/76684/42120 Painel de informação sobre a COVID-19: consultas SPARQL na Wikidata (Portuguese)] ** Videos *** Live Wikidata editing #37 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN0gPe9GhFk YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2918162901802201/ Facebook] *** Live SPARQL queries on Lexemes by Vigneron (in English): [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_OktN1oP-o on Youtube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeEntitySuggester.js]] userscript is a proper entity suggester that gives a fixed set of properties for various languages. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Sitelinks links for two new Wikipedias can be entered: [[:tay:|Atayal Wikipedia]] ([[d:Q105723660|Q105723660]]) and [[:trv:|Seediq Wikipedia]] ([[d:Q105975521|Q105975521]]) * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9353|does not have cause]], [[:d:Property:P9361|external georeferencing URL]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9345|Discord server numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9346|France24 topic ID (French)]], [[:d:Property:P9347|France24 topic ID (English)]], [[:d:Property:P9348|France24 topic ID (Spanish)]], [[:d:Property:P9349|France24 topic ID (Arabic)]], [[:d:Property:P9350|PeriodO period ID]], [[:d:Property:P9351|MHDBDB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9352|Portrait Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P9354|Porcelana Brasil ID]], [[:d:Property:P9355|Slovník českých filosofů ID]], [[:d:Property:P9356|Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology ID]], [[:d:Property:P9357|Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America ID]], [[:d:Property:P9358|MWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9359|Encyclopedia of Migration ID]], [[:d:Property:P9360|Ministry of Education New Zealand school ID]], [[:d:Property:P9362|Encyklopedie migrace ID]], [[:d:Property:P9363|Tacoma-Pierce County Obituary Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P9364|Encyclopedia of Mediterranean Humanism ID]], [[:d:Property:P9365|Modernist Commons ID]], [[:d:Property:P9366|Rombase ID (English)]], [[:d:Property:P9367|Filmitalia film ID]], [[:d:Property:P9368|CNA topic ID]], [[:d:Property:P9369|Fortalezas.org ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ottoman Association ID|Ottoman Association ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/url text|url text]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/audio transcription 2|audio transcription 2]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OFDb person ID|OFDb person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/won sets|won sets]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Number of stitches|Number of stitches]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblio.com ID|Biblio.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Czech Encyclopedia of Theater identifiers (Czech and German)|Czech Encyclopedia of Theater identifiers (Czech and German)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identifiant des Collections du Louvre|Identifiant des Collections du Louvre]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Verified Handles VHID|Verified Handles VHID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Michigan State University Library Record Number|Michigan State University Library Record Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Flora Checklist ID|Washington Flora Checklist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Flora Checklist species ID|Washington Flora Checklist species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington Rare Plant Field Guide ID|Washington Rare Plant Field Guide ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KATOTTH identifier|KATOTTH identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Viasona ID|Viasona ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Musikasten ID|Musikasten ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Discover the networks|Discover the networks]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCD publisher ID|GCD publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Image Comics creator ID|Image Comics creator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BLPL ID|BLPL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MnM ID|MnM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Arca author ID|Arca author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Editorial Freelancers Association member ID|Editorial Freelancers Association member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFCVPF ID|IFCVPF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/American University of Beirut's Libraries Title ID|American University of Beirut's Libraries Title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Brasileiro ID|Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Brasileiro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Burke Herbarium Image Collection ID|Burke Herbarium Image Collection ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USCG MIC ID|USCG MIC ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Berlin Bezirkslexika identifiers|Berlin Bezirkslexika identifiers]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Burke Herbarium Image Collection contributor ID|Burke Herbarium Image Collection contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brapci author ID|Brapci author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ÖCV Biolex ID|ÖCV Biolex ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OregonFlora taxon ID|OregonFlora taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oregon Flora Image Project ID|Oregon Flora Image Project ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** [[d:Wikidata:Properties for deletion|Deleted properties]]: ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/37n8 Donald P. Bellisario credits as screenwriter or director] *** [https://w.wiki/38Si Interwiki table from P6720, with end date for prefixes that are no longer in use] ([[d:Property_talk:P6720#Query|source]]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fbbox%22%2C%20%22%3Frgb%22%5D%7D%0A%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Furl%20%3Fgeoreferencing%20%3Fimg%20%3Fbbox%20%3Frgb%20%28year%28%3Fyear%29%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%0A%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20%28xsd%3Ainteger%28%3Fcolour%29%20AS%20%3Fcolour2%29%20%3Frgb%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20wd%3AQ105849312%20p%3AP527%20%3Fstmt%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstmt%20pq%3AP1545%20%3Fcolour%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstmt%20pq%3AP465%20%3Frgb%20.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%20AS%20%25colours%0A%20%20%0AWHERE%20%7B%20%20%0A%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP195%20wd%3AQ7100888%20.%20%20%20%20%23%20OSD%0A%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP1332%2Fpsv%3AP1332%2Fwikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Fnth%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP1333%2Fpsv%3AP1333%2Fwikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Fsth%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP1334%2Fpsv%3AP1334%2Fwikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Feast%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP1335%2Fpsv%3AP1335%2Fwikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Fwest%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP571%20%3Fyear%20.%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%281%20%2B%20floor%20%28%28year%28%3Fyear%29%20-%201789%29%20%2a%202.0%2F3.0%29%29%20AS%20%3Fcolour%29%20.%0A%20%20BIND%20%28xsd%3Ainteger%28IF%28%3Fcolour%20%3E%2031%2C%2031%2C%20%3Fcolour%29%29%20AS%20%3Fcolour2%29%20.%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25colours%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fimg%7D%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP973%20%3Furl%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9361%20%3Fgeoreferencing%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28STRDT%28%20%20CONCAT%28%27LINESTRING%20%28%27%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20str%28%3Fwest%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20str%28%3Fsth%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20str%28%3Fwest%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20str%28%3Fnth%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20str%28%3Feast%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20str%28%3Fnth%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20str%28%3Feast%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20str%28%3Fsth%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20str%28%3Fwest%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20str%28%3Fsth%29%2C%20%27%29%27%20%20%20%29%2C%20geo%3AwktLiteral%29%20AS%20%3Fbbox%29%20.%0A%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D Index map of Ordnance Survey Old Series preparatory drawings, with georeferencer links] ([https://twitter.com/heald_j/status/1374774300482363395 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38Lr Listed buildings in Wales that would be lost if the sea level rose by 70 metres] ([https://twitter.com/WIKI_NLW/status/1375178043745038337 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38hZ Music releases with incomplete track lists, showing diff count] ([https://twitter.com/exmusica/status/1375848490253836288 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37tS Date and place of birth of female musicians in Nigeria] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataNigeria/status/1374305800026517506 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38gQ Scholarly articles on multilingualism and bilingualism] ([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1375809654404624388 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38HS Things in Czechia which changed coordinate location at some point] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1375481728349921281 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37pK Images about women programmers] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1375243264580845570 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38wC UK railway stations connected from Topsham railway station] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1375130514177331202 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/37$w Most awarded person affiliated with the Technical University of Denmark] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1374448879379259394 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Movies/reports/TV seasons/current/by start date|current TV seasons]] * '''Development''' ** The dev team spent the last week prototyping a few things to learn if some things would be feasible/a good idea. Among other things we tried building a small tool to connect Senses to Items, looked into the different types of ontology issues that can be found on Wikidata and checked what using a document store for data storage would look like. ** Note: from March 29th until April 12th, [[d:user:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] is not available to answer messages. If you have any requests for the development team, please ask on [[d:WD:DEV|Contact the development team]]. For any emergency, you can contact [[d:user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]. Because of Easter holidays in Germany, the upcoming newsletter will be issued one day later, on April 6th. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Contribute/Suggested and open tasks|Suggested and open tasks]]! ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 03 29|Read the full report]]''' &middot; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] &middot; [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 13:51, 29 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21265127 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #462 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past {{Q|106114408}}: "InChI and InChIKey in Wikidata and Scholia", https://zenodo.org/record/4633789 ** Ongoing: [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021|30 Lexic-o-days]], events and projects around lexicographical data, continues until April 14th. ([[d:Wikidata:Events/30_lexic-o-days_2021#Events|full schedule, details and links here]]) *** April 5-11: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Climate lexeme week|Climate Lexeme Week]] *** April 7: Data import for Lexemes: how to add a lot of content in your language *** April 8: Documentation Q&A *** April 8: Leveraging text corpora for curating lexicographical data *** April 10: Lingua Libre, how you can record words in your language and use them on Wikidata ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Cliff Landis (Digital Initiatives Librarian, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library) on “GaNCH: Using Wikidata for Georgia's Natural, Cultural, and Historic Organizations' Disaster Response.” April 6th.[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zcVtZiMgz4kNEs-yL8vqC4eCholllpQ8whX2pb7qUcI/edit?usp=sharing] ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #39 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXoM9njOOog YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2928487990769692/ Facebook], April 10 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#57|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #57]], April 11 ** Upcoming: OSM TW x Wikidata Taiwan {{Q|1867}} Meetup 2021-04-12 {{Q|61752245}} ** Upcoming: [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXVII|Wikidata Lab XXVII: WikiProject Brazilian Laws]] '''(English)''', supported by [[m:WikiCite|WikiCite]], April 13 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug Triage Hour]] about Entity Schemas / shape expressions, April 19 ** Upcoming: [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXVIII|Wikidata Lab XXVIII: Aplicativos de metadados]] '''(Portuguese)''', on metadata apps, April 29 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs ***[https://tiagolubiana.medium.com/adicionando-cientistas-ao-sistema-wikidata-scholia-6b73ae5e59e2 Adicionando cientistas ao sistema Wikidata/Scholia (Portuguese)] **** ** Papers *** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00558.pdf Mining Wikidata for Name Resources for African Languages] "fostering development of technology for the languages of Africa with a Wikidata-derived resource of lists of 1.9M names across 28 African languages". ** Videos *** SPARQL queries around lexemes, words, lexicography (in French) by [[w:User:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAT2-CxyVDg YouTube] *** Editing lexemes on Wikidata (in Swedish) by [[w:User:Ainali|Ainali]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLWgZxngSTE YouTube] *** WikiActivate sessions introduction to Wikidata - YouTube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-UicjJzChk 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkohT0xgXnA 2] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #38 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ShFdIs2CrI YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/jan.ainali/videos/10219725262151035/ Facebook] *** Launch of Climate Lexeme Week ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=776-YOOxzwI Youtube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2928506377434520 Facebook]) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://qrank.toolforge.org/ QRank] is a tool providing a rank for Wikidata entities based on page view statistics from several Wikimedia projects. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** The final version of the [https://www.lehir.net/wikibase-yearly-summary-2020/ Wikibase Yearly Summary 2020] has been published. ** Wikidata Lexeme Forms now supports additional Breton templates ([https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1378462195672088577 Source]) ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeAddIPA.js|User:Nikki/LexemeAddIPA.js]] userscript adds a link in the header for forms on lexeme pages which opens a dialog for adding IPA statements to forms that do not have any yet. ** [https://github.com/dpriskorn/LexSAOB LexSAOB] adds Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) identifiers to Swedish lexemes in Wikidata. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9373|Ukrainian national romanization]], [[:d:Property:P9376|law digest]], [[:d:Property:P9382|Unicode character name]], [[:d:Property:P9396|trade union membership rate]], [[:d:Property:P9410|placeholder text element ID]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9370|Place Names NI ID]], [[:d:Property:P9371|FranceArchives agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9372|NHS Organisation Data Service ID]], [[:d:Property:P9374|ODLIS ID]], [[:d:Property:P9375|Sociologická encyklopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9377|BMZ lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9378|FindeB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9379|Lexer lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9380|LexerN lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9381|Enslaved place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9383|The Mountaineers Routes & Places ID]], [[:d:Property:P9384|Adelung lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9385|DWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9386|DWB2 lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9387|GWB lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9388|Meyers lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9389|RDWB1 lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9390|Wander lemma ID]], [[:d:Property:P9391|Česká divadelní encyklopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9392|Tschechische Theaterenzyklopädie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9393|Tacoma-Pierce County Buildings Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P9394|Louvre Museum ARK ID]], [[:d:Property:P9395|Verified Handles VHID]], [[:d:Property:P9397|Lëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire ID]], [[:d:Property:P9398|Armenian Book ID]], [[:d:Property:P9399|athletics.lv athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P9400|Government of Canada Core Subject Thesaurus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9401|Thésaurus des sujets de base du gouvernement du Canada ID]], [[:d:Property:P9402|GameSpot developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9403|Musée national de la Marine ID]], [[:d:Property:P9404|OFDb person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9405|NMRShiftDB structure ID]], [[:d:Property:P9406|Tacoma Local History & Biography Index ID]], [[:d:Property:P9407|Megale Kypriake Enkyklopaideia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9408|Washington Flora Checklist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9409|American University of Beirut's Libraries title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9411|USCG MIC]], [[:d:Property:P9412|Arca author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9413|BLPL author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9414|Viasona ID]], [[:d:Property:P9415|ÖCV Biolex ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/specific part|specific part]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/personal library at|personal library at]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/departement|departement]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/antipode|antipode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MovieMeter person ID|MovieMeter person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bicycle|bicycle]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CNN contributor ID|CNN contributor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Our Campaigns race ID|Our Campaigns race ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Proveana ID|Proveana ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Storybook ID|Storybook ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wissens-Aggregator Mittelalter und Frühe Neuzeit (WIAG) ID|Wissens-Aggregator Mittelalter und Frühe Neuzeit (WIAG) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Association of Teachers of Singing member ID|National Association of Teachers of Singing member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The World Factbook country ID|The World Factbook country ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SonyLIV show ID|SonyLIV show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EGID|EGID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Letecká badatelna accident ID|Letecká badatelna accident ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Camptocamp ID|Camptocamp ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Inventory of Dams ID|National Inventory of Dams ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeakVisor ID|PeakVisor ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeakVisor range ID|PeakVisor range ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeakVisor area ID|PeakVisor area ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PeakVisor park ID|PeakVisor park ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Urban Archive ID|Urban Archive ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bridgesport.ru player ID|bridgesport.ru player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Catalogue of the General State Archives ID|Catalogue of the General State Archives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Podchaser Creator Id|Podchaser Creator Id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/La Réunion des Livres ID|La Réunion des Livres ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/vindskyddskartan.se ID|vindskyddskartan.se ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/naturkartan.se ID|naturkartan.se ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ANPI place numeric ID|ANPI place numeric ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Russians of Latvia ID|Russians of Latvia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Virginia House of Delegates ID|Virginia House of Delegates ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Generals of World War II ID|Generals of World War II ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DCinemaToday Organization ID|DCinemaToday Organization ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Swedish Bioguiden Movie Theater ID|Swedish Bioguiden Movie Theater ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bio.se Movie Theater ID|bio.se Movie Theater ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Jewish Women ID|Encyclopedia of Jewish Women ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Terras Indígenas ID|Terras Indígenas ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Personnel de l'administration préfectorale ID|Personnel de l'administration préfectorale ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Europalexikon ID|Europalexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Politiklexikon ID|Politiklexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyklopedie antropologie ID|Encyklopedie antropologie ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: ***<!-- too long for url shortener -->[https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fval%20%3Ff%20%3Fformatter_since%20%20%3Ftotal_links%20%3Funique_targets%20%3F2019_link_counts_source%0A%7B%0A%20%20BIND%28URI%28%22https%3A%2F%2Fmeta.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInterwiki_map%2Fdetailed_table%22%29%20as%20%3F2019_link_counts_source%29%0AVALUES%20%28%3Fval%20%3Ftotal_links%20%3Funique_targets%29%7B%20%0A%28%22appropedia%22%20333%20156%29%0A%28%22arxiv%22%208274%204712%29%0A%28%22battlestarwiki%22%20210%20135%29%0A%28%22bcnbio%22%2064810%201468%29%0A%28%22bibcode%22%201321%201168%29%0A%28%22bibliowiki%22%20323%20282%29%0A%28%22botwiki%22%20339%2061%29%0A%28%22c2%22%20519%20182%29%0A%28%22centralwikia%22%20447%20115%29%0A%28%22choralwiki%22%203336%201682%29%0A%28%22citizendium%22%20572%20395%29%0A%28%22comixpedia%22%20257%2094%29%0A%28%22creativecommons%22%209521%20173%29%0A%28%22creativecommonswiki%22%202268%2040%29%0A%28%22dcdatabase%22%20227%20137%29%0A%28%22dmoz%22%20474%20403%29%0A%28%22doi%22%2077892%2056541%29%0A%28%22donate%22%20462%20147%29%0A%28%22download%22%201515%20147%29%0A%28%22drae%22%204346%202921%29%0A%28%22ethnologue%22%204323%201928%29%0A%28%22flickruser%22%2048688%209771%29%0A%28%22foundationsite%22%205230%2076%29%0A%28%22freedomdefined%22%201205884%2059%29%0A%28%22freenode%22%205833%2068%29%0A%28%22genwiki%22%20219%20213%29%0A%28%22gutenberg%22%205948%204068%29%0A%28%22hdl%22%201468%20899%29%0A%28%22hrwiki%22%20389%20202%29%0A%28%22iarchive%22%2069676%2055171%29%0A%28%22imdbcharacter%22%20901%20735%29%0A%28%22imdbcompany%22%20282%20232%29%0A%28%22imdbname%22%2093129%2062230%29%0A%28%22imdbtitle%22%2084238%2057582%29%0A%28%22infosphere%22%20342%20170%29%0A%28%22irc%22%207322031%201062%29%0A%28%22iso639-3%22%2036309%208361%29%0A%28%22issn%22%201868%20538%29%0A%28%22karlsruhe%22%20933%20620%29%0A%28%22labsconsole%22%20442%20146%29%0A%28%22livepedia%22%20589%20277%29%0A%28%22localwiki%22%20329%20312%29%0A%28%22marveldatabase%22%20275%20156%29%0A%28%22meatball%22%203460%20318%29%0A%28%22memoryalpha%22%201148%20763%29%0A%28%22mineralienatlas%22%204380%203039%29%0A%28%22nara%22%20578%20582%29%0A%28%22nost%22%20345%20118%29%0A%28%22oeis%22%2016862%204702%29%0A%28%22openlibrary%22%20437%20313%29%0A%28%22openstreetmap%22%20756%20371%29%0A%28%22orthodoxwiki%22%20408%20260%29%0A%28%22otrswiki%22%20743%20213%29%0A%28%22planetmath%22%20474%20320%29%0A%28%22pmid%22%2020190%2016436%29%0A%28%22pyrev%22%201059%20162%29%0A%28%22quality%22%20259%20143%29%0A%28%22revo%22%202140%201906%29%0A%28%22rfc%22%203791%201570%29%0A%28%22semantic-mw%22%20446%2091%29%0A%28%22sharemap%22%20956%20267%29%0A%28%22sourceforge%22%20523%20354%29%0A%28%22stats%22%201767%20267%29%0A%28%22strategywiki%22%20648%20336%29%0A%28%22svn%22%20396%20141%29%0A%28%22tswiki%22%201878%20168%29%0A%28%22uncyclopedia%22%201654%20831%29%0A%28%22viaf%22%202067%201832%29%0A%28%22vikidia%22%201237%20868%29%0A%28%22wikia%22%2016411%206229%29%0A%28%22wikiapiary%22%204993%201979%29%0A%28%22wikiasite%22%203490%201618%29%0A%28%22wikiconference%22%20561%2089%29%0A%28%22wikifur%22%201064%20487%29%0A%28%22wikihow%22%20258%20147%29%0A%28%22wikiindex%22%20263%2099%29%0A%28%22wikilivres%22%2019945%209118%29%0A%28%22wikilivresru%22%202240%201540%29%0A%28%22wikinvest%22%20677%20343%29%0A%28%22wikiwikiweb%22%20248%20101%29%0A%28%22wookieepedia%22%20910%20612%29%0A%28%22zum%22%20263%20144%29%0A%7D%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP6720%20%3Fst%20.%20%0A%20%20%3Fst%20ps%3AP6720%20%3Fval%20.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fst%20pq%3AP1630%20%3Ff%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fst%20pq%3AP580%20%3Fformatter_since%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fst%20a%20wikibase%3ABestRank%20.%0A%0A%20%20%23%20Main%20selection%3A%0A%20%20FILTER%20NOT%20EXISTS%20%7B%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1687%20%5B%20%5D%20%7D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23no%20Wikidata%20property%0A%20%20FILTER%20%28%20%3Ftotal_links%20%3E%20500%20%26%26%20%3Funique_targets%20%3E%20300%20%20%29%0A%20%20%23%20exclude%20some%0A%20%20FILTER%28%20%3Fitem%20not%20in%20%28%20wd%3AQ461%20%2C%20wd%3AQ17460%20%2C%20wd%3AQ1540899%20%2C%20wd%3AQ300885%20%2C%20wd%3AQ33133762%20%29%20%29%0A%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22%7D%0A%7D%20%20 interwiki prefixes without corresponding Wikidata property by 2019 linkcount (some filtered)] ([[d:Property_talk:P6720#Query|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/395k Women whose article on English Wikipedia has the featured article badge] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1377404468182937609 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/x3v Map of males and females after which streets are named (Leiden, NL)] ([https://twitter.com/mmmenno/status/1377279976404291592 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/39UH Map of birthplaces of trans women and men with articles in the Basque Wikipedia] ([https://twitter.com/euwikipedia/status/1377229193516302337 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/38TF Map of institutions where UNR faculty got their academic degrees] ([https://twitter.com/jjamesfloyd/status/1376555522418044933 source]) *** Map of [[:d:Property:P6084|location of sense usage (P6084)]] [https://w.wiki/38BV by language] *** [https://w.wiki/39s2 Botanists with image of signature and optional IPNI author ID] ([https://twitter.com/nickynicolson/status/1376472682695438336 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/39s6 Subclasses of musical instrument with the most individual instances] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1376116467926700032 source], result starts with: bell, organ) *** [https://w.wiki/39$4 list of U.S. state songs, anthems, marches, hymns, cantatas, or missing] ([[d:Wikidata:Lists/US states/songs|source]]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fcoords%22%2C%20%22%3Fline%22%2C%20%22%3Frgb%22%2C%20%22%3Flayer%22%5D%7D%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fimg%20%3Fgeoref%20%3Fproportion%20%3Fcoords%20%3Fline%20%3Frgb%20%3Flayer%0A%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fimg%20%3Fgeoref%20%3Fcoords%20%3Flat%20%3Flon%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP195%20wd%3AQ7100888%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP5140%20%3Fcoord_stmt%20.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP9361%20%3Fgeoref%7D%20.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fimg%7D%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord_stmt%20ps%3AP5140%20%3Fcoords%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Flat%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Flon%20.%0A%20%20%7D%20%0A%7D%20AS%20%25points%0A%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20%3Fline%20%3Flayer%20%3Frgb%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25points%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP47%20%3Fitem2%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem2%20p%3AP5140%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Flat2%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Flon2%20.%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28%27LINESTRING%20%28%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flon%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flat%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flon2%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flat2%29%2C%20%27%29%27%29%20AS%20%3Fstr%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28STRDT%28%3Fstr%2C%20geo%3AwktLiteral%29%20AS%20%3Fline%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28%27adjacent%27%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28%27FF0000%27%20AS%20%3Frgb%29%20.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%20AS%20%25lines%0A%0AWITH%20%7B%0A%20%20SELECT%20%3Fline%20%3Flayer%20%3Frgb%20%3Fproportion%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20INCLUDE%20%25points%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP3179%20%3Fstmt%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fstmt%20ps%3AP3179%20%3Fitem2%20.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fstmt%20pq%3AP1107%20%3Fprop1%7D%20.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%3Fitem2%20p%3AP3179%20%3Fstmt2%20.%20%3Fstmt2%20ps%3AP3179%20%3Fitem%20.%20%3Fstmt2%20pq%3AP1107%20%3Fprop2%7D%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28IF%28bound%28%3Fprop2%29%20%26%26%20bound%28%3Fprop1%29%20%26%26%20%28%3Fprop2%20%3E%20%3Fprop1%29%2C%20%3Fprop2%2C%20%3Fprop1%29%20AS%20%3Fprop%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28COALESCE%28%3Fprop%2C%20%3Fprop1%2C%20%3Fprop2%29%20AS%20%3Fproportion%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fitem2%20p%3AP5140%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Flat2%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fcoord2_stmt%20psv%3AP5140%20%2F%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Flon2%20.%20%20%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28%27LINESTRING%20%28%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flon%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flat%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flon2%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flat2%29%2C%20%27%29%27%29%20AS%20%3Fstr%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28STRDT%28%3Fstr%2C%20geo%3AwktLiteral%29%20AS%20%3Fline%29%20.%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28%27overlap%27%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%20%0A%20%20%20%20BIND%28%270000AA%27%20AS%20%3Frgb%29%20.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%20AS%20%25lines2%0A%0A%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25lines%20%7D%20%0A%20%20UNION%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25lines2%20%7D%20%0A%20%20UNION%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25points%20.%20BIND%28%27points%27%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%20.%20BIND%28%27FF0000%27%20AS%20%3Frgb%29%7D%20.%0A%20%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0A%0A Adjacency map of Ordnance Survey Old Series preparatory drawings] ([https://twitter.com/heald_j/status/1379377587726782467 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3AFR Ordinals in all languages/notations: 0th to 100th] ([[d:Talk:Q28469711#Queries|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3AGZ locked-room mysteries] ([[d:Wikidata_talk:WikiProject_Narration#Plot_element_of_the_week:_locked_room_mystery_(Q1141200)|source]]) * '''Development''' ** We continued to make improvements to the Query builder. We worked on adding a footer to the Query Builder ([[phab:T268643]]) and showing all relevant columns in the query result ([[phab:T277646]]) as well as querying for dates ([[phab:T272697]]) ** Fixed a bug where Item pages scrolls back to "In more languages" block after every change of DOM ([[phab:T277999]], being deployed to Wikidata later this week) ** Continued working on a new grafana graph to track editor numbers split by namespace ([[phab:T275999]]) ** Finished a small tool to get the ORES quality score for a list of Items. Waiting for deployment to toolforge for broader use now. ** Defined remaining work for redirect sitelink exceptions ([[phab:T278962]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 04 05|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 13:22, 6 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21300214 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #463 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Is it worth to import labels from interlanguage links of other wikipedia projects to wikidata|Is it worth to import labels from interlanguage links of other wikipedia projects to wikidata]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: Wikidata Lab XXVII - Gathering and modelling of metadata pertaining to all Brazilian laws. April 13, 14-18 (UTC-3). [[:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXVII|register]] ** Upcoming: closing of [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021]], April 14. If you participated in the contribution month, please drop a line about your work [[d:Wikidata:Events/30 lexic-o-days 2021/Outcomes|on the outcomes page]]. ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #40 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tp1yeIJ9F4 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2933829276902230/ Facebook], April 17 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#58|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #58]], April 18 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug Triage Hour]] about Entity Schemas / shape expressions, April 19 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers ***[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099133321000173 Much more than a mere technology: A systematic review of Wikidata in libraries], by Karim Tharani ** Videos *** LIVE Wikidata editing #39 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXoM9njOOog YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2928487990769692/ Facebook] *** Data imports for Wikidata Lexemes (panel discussion 30 Lexicodays) ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0V0Bq7N_AI8 Youtube], [[c:File:Data imports for Wikidata Lexemes (panel discussion 30 Lexicodays).webm|Commons]]) *** Leveraging text corpora for curating lexicographical data (30 Lexicodays) ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNm0JyS7KDQ Youtube], [[c:File:Leveraging text corpora for curating lexicographical data (30 Lexicodays).webm|Commons]]) *** Wiki2Prop: A Multi-Modal Approach for Predicting Wikidata Properties from Wikipedia - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wr1hkO-bDo YouTube] *** Wiki World Heritage User Group: Capacity Building Wikidata Training - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuk3MgCTa24 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[:d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance user interface#EditSum|EditSum]], a user script which allows to attach custom summary text to any label/statement/sitelink/etc. modification. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lubianat.github.io/women_in_metabolomics/ A simple portal of women that study metabolomics powered by Wikidata] ** Do you have any cool Wikidata tips and tricks that you use? Share them with everyone on Twitter under the hashtag [https://twitter.com/hashtag/WikidataTips?src=hashtag_click&f=live #WikidataTips] ** Entitree is a graph generator that can display [https://www.entitree.com/en/family_tree/Elizabeth_II family trees], but also other graphs like [https://www.entitree.com/en/parent_taxon/Mammal taxa] or [https://www.entitree.com/en/subsidiary/Walmart company subsidiaries]. ** [https://www.royaltrees.co.uk/ Royal Trees], powered by Wikidata is an interactive website that shows royal family trees, for all royal families worldwide. See an example of [https://www.royaltrees.co.uk/index_3.php?name1=Rurik++++++++++++++++++++++++++++&name2=Philip+Duke+of+Edinburgh+++++++++&subtun=View+Links&person1=Q7990&person2=WI06&sofar=0&restrict=L Philip Duke of Edinburgh]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9419|personal library at]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9416|ScoreStorybook company ID]], [[:d:Property:P9417|Camptocamp ID]], [[:d:Property:P9418|Biblio.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P9420|CNN contributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9421|IFVPF ID]], [[:d:Property:P9422|Musikasten ID]], [[:d:Property:P9423|OregonFlora taxon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9424|Demozoo group ID]], [[:d:Property:P9425|Image Comics creator ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Commons-Kategorie für Portraits|Commons-Kategorie für Portraits]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/pH|pH]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/taxonomic treatment|taxonomic treatment]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Degrees day|Degrees day]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NBM identifier|NBM identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/size of unit under command|size of unit under command]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archdiocese of Liverpool identifier|Archdiocese of Liverpool identifier]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HistoryLink essay number|HistoryLink essay number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Provider Identifier|National Provider Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Singers.com ID|Singers.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oregon State Parks ID|Oregon State Parks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Washington State Parks ID|Washington State Parks ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Wikiroute ID|Wikiroute ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID v Databázi periodického tisku pro veřejnost|ID v Databázi periodického tisku pro veřejnost]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GLEI RAL|GLEI RAL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenCorporates register id|OpenCorporates register id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OpenCorporates register jurisdiction|OpenCorporates register jurisdiction]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hPSCreg ID|hPSCreg ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Den Danske Ordbog article ID|Den Danske Ordbog article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Den Danske Ordbog idiom ID|Den Danske Ordbog idiom ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographia Benedictina ID|Biographia Benedictina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gyldendals Teaterleksikon ID|Gyldendals Teaterleksikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Trap Danmark ID|Trap Danmark ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Ar5 Danish lexemes matched to sentences] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1380534082992545794 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3B9G Twitter usernames and number of subscribers] ([https://twitter.com/GereonKalkuhl/status/1380270983869784064 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3ABn Latin American musicians without a Wikipedia article in Spanish but with an article in another language] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1379601803784949760 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Started research and collecting material for the work on improvements to the Lexeme UI and prepared the first interviews ** Finishing up the work on the first version of the Query Builder. We still need to get the security review before we can deploy it properly. Current state can be tested on the [https://query-builder-test.toolforge.org/ test system]. ** Finalized the dashboard to see the number of (active/very active) editors split by namespace. See the graphs at the bottom of [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000162/wikidata-site-stats?orgId=1 this dashboard]. ** Continued working on the remaining pieces needed to fully support editing statements on Senses of a Lexeme ([[phab:T199896]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 04 12|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:58, 12 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21300214 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #464 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Past: Wikidata - HackaLOD Online sessions ([https://hackalod.com/index.php/2021/03/26/terugkijken-de-wikidata-hackalod-online-sessie/ replay in Dutch]) ** Upcoming: [https://www.twitch.tv/belett SPARQL queries] live on Twitch and in French by Vigneron, April 20 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Linked_Data_for_Production#LD4-Wikidata_Affinity_Group|Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: [[d:User:Utl_awong|Alexandra Wong]] on experiences and workflows for linking archival collections to Wikidata. There will also be a recap of insights from the recent Canadian archivists’ [https://www.archivists.ca/event-4213205 panel on Wikidata] by the University and College Archives Special Interest Section (UCASIS) of the Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA). [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-4kf6iQj6Jeiz3978pN5Z6g-246l9sUXnLgxFSMpZPI/edit?usp=sharing Agenda], April 20 ** Upcoming: Wikipedia Weekley Network - Biodiversity edition: iNaturalist place ID [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fKP-oKh0b8 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/wikipediaweekly/permalink/3838856909495445/ Facebook], April 23 ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #41 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=We-aKmOYPKA YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2938997133052111/ Facebook], April 24 ** Upcoming: 25 April - [[:wmpt:WikidataDays Sessions II|WikidataDays Sessions II]], an online editing session dedicated to democracy and political parties, coinciding with the celebration of [[d:Q193245|Freedom Day]]. ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#59|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #59]], April 25 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://tech-news.wikimedia.de/en/2021/04/14/wikibase-the-software-for-open-data-projects/ Wikibase: the Software for Open Data projects] ** Videos *** Structured Data on Commons explained, with Andrew Lih, John Cummings and Pharos ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLFReHgDpWo Youtube]) *** [https://voxeu.org/vox-talks/discovering-historys-notable-people Discovering history's notable people] (audio). Using Wikidata and Wikipedia as the backbone, this project "construct[s] a new dataset of more than seven million notable individuals across recorded human history". *** LIVE Wikidata editing #40 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tp1yeIJ9F4 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2938247909793700/ Facebook] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IE1ZF02-yI0?t=1877 Adding information through EntitySchemas to Wikidata] Andra Waagmeester and Jose Labra *** SPARQL query requests around lexicography mapping] by [[d:User:VIGNERON|VIGNERON]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClbB3f2PX6k YouTube] *** Fast Linking of Mathematical Wikidata Entities in Wikipedia Articles Using Annotation Recommendation - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdCgbxOSQA8 YouTube] *** Wiki2Prop: A Multimodal Approach for Predicting Wikidata Properties from Wikipedia - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wr1hkO-bDo&t=4s YouTube] *** Wikidata Lab XXVII: WikiProject Brazilian Laws - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWeJ0wlezyw YouTube] *** Librarians and Wikidata. A short tour - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbvFzpZOkHg YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:So9q/Gadget-CreateNewEntity.js|User:So9q/Gadget-CreateNewEntity.js]] is a userscript to add a "create new item" link in the dropdown menu for when you want to * add an item to a property, but the item does not exist. (recently modified to support lexemes). * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/15/humaniki-march-update-public-launch-of-alpha-release/ Humaniki March Update: Public Launch of Alpha Release] ** [https://www.lehir.net/another-history-of-denelezh/ Another history of Denelezh] ** Wikidata Lexeme Forms no longer automatically redirects you to login, so you can now use edit mode to view the forms of a lexeme in the “right” order. [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/template/english-noun/edit/L5517 Here is an example]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9440|pH value]], [[:d:Property:P9448|introduced on]], [[:d:Property:P9453|ALA-LC romanization for Ukrainian]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9426|Generals of World War II ID]], [[:d:Property:P9427|La Réunion des Livres ID]], [[:d:Property:P9428|Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija concept ID]], [[:d:Property:P9429|Humanitāro zinātņu virtuālā enciklopēdija person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9430|Encyclopedia of Jewish Women ID]], [[:d:Property:P9431|Urban Archive ID]], [[:d:Property:P9432|GCD publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P9433|Letecká badatelna accident ID]], [[:d:Property:P9434|Proveana ID]], [[:d:Property:P9435|KATOTTH ID]], [[:d:Property:P9436|La Fenice Theatre in Venice person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9437|Politiklexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9438|Europalexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9439|National Inventory of Dams ID]], [[:d:Property:P9441|Wissens-Aggregator Mittelalter und Frühe Neuzeit ID]], [[:d:Property:P9442|Indigenous Lands in Brazil ID]], [[:d:Property:P9443|Virginia House of Delegates ID]], [[:d:Property:P9444|CAOI person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9445|Encyklopedie antropologie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9446|Our Campaigns race ID]], [[:d:Property:P9447|Olympedia affiliations ID]], [[:d:Property:P9449|ANPI place numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9450|National Provider Identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9451|Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Brasileiro ID]], [[:d:Property:P9452|Brapci author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9454|Wikiroute ID]], [[:d:Property:P9455|Biographia Benedictina ID]], [[:d:Property:P9456|Periodical ID in a database of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic]], [[:d:Property:P9457|National Database of Laws and Regulations ID]], [[:d:Property:P9458|Russians of Latvia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9459|Rekhta author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9460|Washington Rare Plant Field Guide ID]], [[:d:Property:P9461|DzygaMDB film ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/translator name string|translator name string]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/scope note|scope note]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LIMA media artist ID|LIMA media artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CofE archives ID|CofE archives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CofE archives name ID|CofE archives name ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CofE archives place ID|CofE archives place ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/has artist file in|has artist file in]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/term in higher taxon|term in higher taxon]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accessibility statement URL|accessibility statement URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hotel des Causses|Hotel des Causses]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dialnet thesis ID|Dialnet thesis ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IAU member ID|IAU member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MileSplit ID|MileSplit ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors ID|Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Malaysian school code|Malaysian school code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/synonymer.se Swedish synonym ID|synonymer.se Swedish synonym ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Prague City Gallery inventory number in Art for the City|Prague City Gallery inventory number in Art for the City]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yukon Archives authority record ID|Yukon Archives authority record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cimiterium ID|Cimiterium ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Korean Culture ID|Encyclopedia of Korean Culture ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HERO-tunniste|HERO-tunniste]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Smithsonian Ark ID|Smithsonian Ark ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Oregon Poetic Voices poet ID|Oregon Poetic Voices poet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/J! Archive player ID|J! Archive player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gender Glossar ID|Gender Glossar ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Beirut Arab University's Libraries Title ID|Beirut Arab University's Libraries Title ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/music austria ID|music austria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Localisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant Localisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant techniques - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant techniques - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant utilisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant utilisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant représentation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant représentation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID|NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3CKq Artists on Spotify that lack a Spotify Artist ID (P1902) on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/exmusica/status/1383234852141506561 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/399S Timeline of the discovery of elements in the periodic table] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1382072946211106821 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Bb8 19th-century depictions of sunflowers] ([https://twitter.com/alastairdunning/status/1382038980062019585 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3BLN Czech art collections by size] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1381668966209355779 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Cyprus|Cyprus]] * '''Development''' ** Finished work on the support for editing statements on Senses on Lexemes via the API ([[phab:T199896]]) ** Got all feature work done on the first version of the Query Builder. It is now awaiting security review. ** Statements linking to deleted Lexemes now indicate this similar to statements linking to deleted Items ([[phab:T277089]]) ** Fixing a bug with misaligned grammatical features after an OOUI update ([[phab:T278522]]) ** Finished work on the small tools to get the number of constraints violations and ORES scores for a list of Items. Will publish soon. ** Did interviews with a few people about how they work around lexicographical data ** Selected [[Wikidata:Lexicographical data/Focus languages|focus languages]] for continued work on lexicographical data and Abstract Wikipedia together with Abstract Wikipedia team. The selected ones are Hausa, Igbo, Bengali, Malayalam and Dagbani. You can read more about it in the [[metawiki:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2021-04-15|Abstract Wikipedia newsletter]]. ** Gave input to WMF search platform team for a survey draft around the query service in order to better understand how to move forward with improvements [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 04 19|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:31, 19 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21353617 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #465 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Other: [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Scientific_papers'_labels_in_other_languages_than_English|Scientific papers' labels in other languages than English]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: Wikidata/Wikibase office hour, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1619625603 16:00 UTC on Wednesday 28th April 2021] (18:00 Berlin time), on the Wikidata [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Telegram channel]. ** Upcoming: The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_,April_2021 next Wikibase live session] is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1619712004 16:00 UTC on Thursday 29th April 2021] (18:00 Berlin time). Everyone is welcome to come and share out about your project or what you're working on around Wikibase. ** Upcoming: OpenStreetMap TW x Wikidata Taiwan {{Q|1867}} Meetup 2021-05-10 ** [https://blog.coscup.org/2021/04/coscup-2021-cfp.html COSCUP 2021 CFP] is now open ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdvD6aIFmpc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2944276429190848/ Facebook], May 1 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#60|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #60]], May 2 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister/P642 considered harmful|User:Lucas Werkmeister/P642 considered harmful]] ** [https://wikibase.consulting/wikibase-edtf/ New extension: Wikibase EDTF] by [https://professional.wiki/ Professional.Wiki] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5ndjtuDPf8 Demo video]) ** Videos *** OpenStreetMap x Wikidata Meetup #27 - Wikidata Lexeme Teaching - [https://open.lbry.com/@WikidataTaiwan:c/2021-04-12-19-36-51:7?r=HfSCYzz8AKfPHhU1UxhBhqNpeWdXS6Vs LBRY], [https://odysee.com/@WikidataTaiwan:c/2021-04-12-19-36-51:7 Odysee] *** (Workshop) Introduction to Wikidata by [[d:User:Frimelle|Lucie Aimée Kaffee]] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEVTCsJkShM Graphic Possibilities Comics Wikidata Tutorial] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J59HbIYHLkc SPARQL tutorial] (in Portuguese) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lv3ec2rR0fk An Introduction to Wikidata] (in Malayalam) *** Wikidata tutorials in Albanian ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21fqF5-c8U4 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZS0txlYqcHQ 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGz_ac2sjXw 3], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8Aw3kqj6-0 4]) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMpPku47nsw SPARQL #Wikidata back to basics] (in French) *** (Workshop) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqopRdbwLDc #1Lib1Ref​ on Wikidata] *** Adding an article to Wikidata by DOI (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeG5rzsI90I YouTube] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #41 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=We-aKmOYPKA YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2938997133052111/ Facebook] *** Working with Zotero on WiKidata (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcopxAMpFlk YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:So9q/AddNewLexemeMenu.js|User:So9q/AddNewLexemeMenu.js]] is a userscript that adds a section to the sidebar with links for creating new lexemes. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** WMDE built two tools to help editors get a better understanding of the quality of Wikidata's data in a specific area of interest. Try them out and let us know what you think. *** [https://item-quality-evaluator.toolforge.org Item Quality Evaluator] *** [https://github.com/wmde/wikidata-constraints-violation-checker Constraint Violation Checker] ** Collaborative translation of ''Cita'' is now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Translating:Cita available] on translatewiki.net. [[Wikidata:Zotero/Cita|''Cita'']] is a Wikidata addon that adds citations metadata support to ''Zotero'', using [[:d:Property:P2860|cites work (P2860) ]] information from Wikidata, and enabling users to easily contribute missing data. ''Cita'' is currently under development with a WikiCite grant from the Wikimedia Foundation, and presentation workshops will be held on May 27th (Spanish) and May 31st (English). More info and pre-registration [[Wikidata:Zotero/Cita#Presentation_workshop|here]]. ** [https://github.com/UB-Mannheim/RaiseWikibase RaiseWikibase] is a tool for speeding up multilingual knowledge graph construction with Wikibase. Among other features, it can be utilized to create a mini Wikibase instance with Wikidata properties in a few minutes. ** [https://langsamu.github.io/sparql-blockly SPARQL-Blockly] is a tool to visualise and construct SPARQL queries as visual blocks ([https://langsamu.github.io/sparql-blockly/#%23%20See%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2Fwiki%2FWikidata%3ASPARQL_query_service%2Fqueries%2Fexamples%23Number_of_handed_out_academy_awards_per_award_type%0D%0A%0D%0ABASE%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikidata.org%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20p%3A%20%3Cprop%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20pq%3A%20%3Cprop%2Fqualifier%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20ps%3A%20%3Cprop%2Fstatement%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20wdt%3A%20%3Cprop%2Fdirect%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20wd%3A%20%3Centity%2F%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20bd%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigdata.com%2Frdf%23%3E%0D%0APREFIX%20wikibase%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwikiba.se%2Fontology%23%3E%0D%0A%0D%0ASELECT%20%3FawardCount%20%3Faward%20%3FawardLabel%0D%0AWHERE%20%7B%0D%0A%09%7B%0D%0A%09%09SELECT%20(COUNT(%3Faward)%20AS%20%3FawardCount)%20%3Faward%0D%0A%09%09WHERE%20%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09SELECT%20(SAMPLE(%3Fhuman)%20AS%20%3Fhuman)%20%3Faward%20%3FawardWork%20(SAMPLE(%3Fdirector)%20AS%20%3Fdirector)%20(SAMPLE(%3FawardEdition)%20AS%20%3FawardEdition)%20(SAMPLE(%3Ftime)%20AS%20%3Ftime)%0D%0A%09%09%09%09WHERE%20%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%3Faward%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ19020%20.%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3Fhuman%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09p%3AP166%20%3FawardStat%20%3B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ5%20.%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3FawardStat%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09ps%3AP166%20%3Faward%20%3B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09pq%3AP805%20%3FawardEdition%20%3B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09pq%3AP1686%20%3FawardWork%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%7D%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09UNION%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3FawardWork%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ11424%20%3B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09p%3AP166%20%3FawardStat%20.%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3FawardStat%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09ps%3AP166%20%3Faward%20%3B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%09pq%3AP805%20%3FawardEdition%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%7D%20.%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3FawardEdition%20wdt%3AP585%20%3Ftime%20.%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%09%3FawardWork%20wdt%3AP57%20%3Fdirector%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%09%7D%0D%0A%09%09%09%09%7D%0D%0A%09%09%09%09GROUP%20BY%20%3FawardWork%20%3Faward%0D%0A%09%09%09%7D%0D%0A%09%09%7D%0D%0A%09%09GROUP%20BY%20%3Faward%0D%0A%09%09ORDER%20BY%20%3FawardCount%0D%0A%09%7D%20.%0D%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%0D%0A%09%09bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20'%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen'%0D%0A%09%7D%0D%0A%7D Wikidata example]) ** [[:mw:Wikibase/FAQ|Wikibase/FAQ]] is a living document of a list of frequently asked questions about Wikibase. Community members are welcome to contribute to it. ** RIP [[Wikidata:Deceased editors/2021#Liz Marley|Liz Marley]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9453|ALA-LC romanization for Ukrainian]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9449|ANPI place numeric ID]], [[:d:Property:P9450|National Provider Identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9451|Dicionário Histórico-Biográfico Brasileiro ID]], [[:d:Property:P9452|Brapci author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9454|Wikiroute ID]], [[:d:Property:P9455|Biographia Benedictina ID]], [[:d:Property:P9456|Periodical ID in a database of the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic]], [[:d:Property:P9457|National Database of Laws and Regulations ID]], [[:d:Property:P9458|Russians of Latvia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9459|Rekhta author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9460|Washington Rare Plant Field Guide ID]], [[:d:Property:P9461|DzygaMDB film ID]], [[:d:Property:P9462|Bioguiden movie theater ID]], [[:d:Property:P9463|MovieMeter person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9464|Biblioteca Digital Curt Nimuendajú ID]], [[:d:Property:P9465|SonyLIV show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9466|Gyldendals Teaterleksikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9467|IAU member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9468|LIMA media artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9469|Singers.com ID]], [[:d:Property:P9470|HistoryLink essay number]], [[:d:Property:P9471|inventory number of a work of art in the Art for the City database]], [[:d:Property:P9472|Cimiterium ID]], [[:d:Property:P9473|Smithsonian Ark ID]], [[:d:Property:P9474|Oregon Poetic Voices poet ID]], [[:d:Property:P9475|Encyclopedia of Korean Culture ID]], [[:d:Property:P9476|Malaysian school code]], [[:d:Property:P9477|Trap Danmark ID]], [[:d:Property:P9478|Finna ID]], [[:d:Property:P9479|Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Mitte ID]], [[:d:Property:P9480|Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf ID]], [[:d:Property:P9481|Berliner Bezirkslexikon: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg ID]], [[:d:Property:P9482|Catalogue of the General State Archives ID]], [[:d:Property:P9483|CofE archives ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/accessibility statement URL|accessibility statement URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/symbol represents|symbol represents]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/main upper course|main upper course]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Political Graveyard geography ID|Political Graveyard geography ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/diel cycle|diel cycle]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Taxon holotype location|Taxon holotype location]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Smithsonian trinomial prefix|Smithsonian trinomial prefix]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Atlas of Idaho taxon ID|Digital Atlas of Idaho taxon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hardware threading standard|hardware threading standard]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/music austria ID|music austria ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant Localisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant Localisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant utilisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant utilisation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifiant représentation - Joconde du Service des musées de France|identifiant représentation - Joconde du Service des musées de France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID|NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Forbes (Russia) profile ID|Forbes (Russia) profile ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Indiana State Historical Marker Program ID|Indiana State Historical Marker Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital DISCI ID|Digital DISCI ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Draft Review ID 2|The Draft Review ID 2]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte ID|Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens ID|Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Historical Museums of Sweden agent ID|National Historical Museums of Sweden agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IUCN Green List ID|IUCN Green List ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gardens of the Roman Empire ID|Gardens of the Roman Empire ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Historic Hawai‘i Foundation ID|Historic Hawai‘i Foundation ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UNITER Award person ID|UNITER Award person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ID právnické osoby vedené Ministerstvem kultury ČR|ID právnické osoby vedené Ministerstvem kultury ČR]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CEV Team-ID|CEV Team-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anime Filler List show id|Anime Filler List show id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CEV Coach-ID|CEV Coach-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/memento.wien person ID|memento.wien person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyBIS ID|MyBIS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ultime lettere di condannati a morte e di deportati della Resistenza italiana person ID|Ultime lettere di condannati a morte e di deportati della Resistenza italiana person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/am.hayazg.info ID|am.hayazg.info ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Criterion Collection film ID|The Criterion Collection film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Digital Library of Armenian Literature author ID|Digital Library of Armenian Literature author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kielitoimiston sanakirja ID|Kielitoimiston sanakirja ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gopo Award ID|Gopo Award ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Director Identification Number|Director Identification Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TheTVDB character ID|TheTVDB character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/JECFA number|JECFA number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Norges Fotballforbund klubb ID|Norges Fotballforbund klubb ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/representatives1821.gr ID|representatives1821.gr ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Parliament of Romania person ID|Parliament of Romania person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV movie ID|Apple TV movie ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Drj Timeline of road vehicles crashing into Montague Street Bridge, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia] *** [https://w.wiki/3DoA Coal-fired power plants in Germany] ([https://twitter.com/g0rg0nzola/status/1385204580556890114 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3EB9 Average lifespan by profession] (Select the desired columns and get labels) ([https://twitter.com/plegoux/status/1385179333933797380 Source]) *** [http://w.wiki/3Cs8 The number of natural disasters in various countries since 1970] ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1385173482749587459 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3EAm Heads of states/governments whose cause of death was a military casualty] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1384989860973490177 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3DQd List of French stations sorted by number of tracks] ([https://twitter.com/maeool/status/1384619280910667777 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/MBE Relationship of the different Corona viruses] ([https://twitter.com/kvistgaard/status/1384217360471449603 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3EtL Map of about one third of the ancient trees in Bulgaria ] ([https://twitter.com/b_bilyana/status/1386362307161346048 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3ERC Lexemes without statements or senses by language] ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Movies/lists/Doctor Who companions|''Doctor Who'' companions]] * '''Development''' ** wbeditentity now supports editing statements on Senses ([[phab:T199896]]) ** We added syntax highlighting for viewing Entity Schema pages. There is not syntax highlighting for editing of Entity Schemas yet. ([[phab:T238831]]) ** Improved the way Lua deals with redirects ([[phab:T238831]]) ** Worked on making it possible to add a title to the top of a query visualization via a comment in the SPARQL code ([[phab:T225883]]) ** Discussed how to get persistent storage of constraint violations unstuck as this is a prerequisite to making it easier to analyze and query constraint violations ([[phab:T214362]]) ** Discussed a high-level plan for how to move forward with checking Wikidata's data against 3rd-party databases ** Finished work on version 1 of the Query Builder. Not it is awaiting security review before we can deploy it. [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Take a list of cities in your country, add {{Template|Item documentation}} in the talk page and have fun looking at people born in this place ordered by number of sitelinks. You may have some surprises! ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 04 26|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:47, 26 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21390330 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #466 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour happened on April 28th. See notes [[d:Wikidata:Events/IRC office hour 2021-04-28|here]] (English). ** Upcoming: [[m:International Museum Day 2021|International Museum Day]], May 3-18, including a [[m:International Museum Day 2021/Wikidata Competition|Wikidata competition]] ** Upcoming: Basics about SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, May 4 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: [https://www2.ciimar.up.pt/events.php?id=244 Scholia - Open Bibliometrics for Researchers] webinar on Zoom, May 5 at 10h30 UTC (free, but registration needed) ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdYcY6YmRDE YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2949456088672882/ Facebook], May 8 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#61|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #61]], May 9 ** Upcoming: the next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata bug triage hour]] will take place on May 17th on the topic of quality constraints ** Upcoming: [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia Hackathon, May 22-23]]. The call for proposals for the program is now open until May 9th for the main track (May 19th for the open rooms) [[mw:Topic:W7xmmkqx8o1vxjg6|More information]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://addshore.com/2021/04/wbstack-infrastructure-2021/ WBStack Infrastructure] - current deployment and architecture of [https://www.wbstack.com/ wbstack.com] ** Videos *** Mix'n'match workshop in (Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDl2q-7WC7g YouTube] *** SPARQL #Wikidata back to basics (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiFTY5zKZvI YouTube] *** Wikidata Lab XXVIII: Metadata applications (a technical training on the process of metadata applications development) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQQPwBMb8Gg YouTube] *** Upload workshop (in Dutch) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sm5VDb0LxW0 datacleaning], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MN3k_JXzeU reconciliation], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=870UI7O4mdc upload], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0v0Iwde86I embed metadata with exiftool] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkY41FVhmxk Upload images with Pattypan and link with Wikidata]. *** LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdvD6aIFmpc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2944276429190848/ Facebook] *** [[m:Wikipedia Weekly Network/Live Wikidata Editing‎|Overview of all LIVE Wikidata editing episodes]] including topics and tools used to make search easier * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://d5demos.mpi-inf.mpg.de/negation/ Wikinegata] is a platform for browsing interesting negations about Wikidata entities. ([https://d5demos.mpi-inf.mpg.de/negation/videos/demo.mp4 Overview video]) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[:d:Template:Item classification|Template:Item classification]] and [[:d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] now include more generic queries for classes: it include the number of subclasses, the number of instances, the number of instances by class, the list of instances and the list of most frequent properties for items of this class. ** [[:d:Template:TP organization|TP organization]] now includes generic queries for items of class school. ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Over_3,000,000_usages_of_taxon_name_(P225)|Over 3,000,000 usages of taxon name (P225)]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9488|field of usage]], [[:d:Property:P9493|artist files at]], [[:d:Property:P9494|accessibility statement URL]], [[:d:Property:P9496|degrees day]], [[:d:Property:P9499|Beirut Arab University's Libraries title ID]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9484|J! Archive player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9485|CofE archives name ID]], [[:d:Property:P9486|HERO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9487|GLEI RAL]], [[:d:Property:P9489|Archdiocese of Liverpool parish ID]], [[:d:Property:P9490|Yukon Archives authority record ID]], [[:d:Property:P9491|CofE archives place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9492|NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID]], [[:d:Property:P9495|National Historical Museums of Sweden agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9497|Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors ID]], [[:d:Property:P9498|Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens ID]], [[:d:Property:P9500|Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte ID]], [[:d:Property:P9501|Oregon Flora Image Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P9502|Digital DISCI ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Clubhouse account|Clubhouse account]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Tekniske Kulturarv book ID|Danmarks Tekniske Kulturarv book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hat Gedenkort|hat Gedenkort]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Secondary Archive artist ID|Secondary Archive artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/date of probate|date of probate]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LMIC musician ID|LMIC musician ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DC Books store book ID|DC Books store book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ctext data entity ID|ctext data entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SAIA authority ID|SAIA authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AdServio school ID|AdServio school ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Music label ID|Apple Music label ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MacArthur Fellows Program ID|MacArthur Fellows Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of China Online Database ID|Encyclopedia of China Online Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DHLE|DHLE]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/APA Dictionary of Psychology entry|APA Dictionary of Psychology entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scholarpedia article ID|Scholarpedia article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry|Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca di Santa Sabina ID|Biblioteca di Santa Sabina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID|Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Universal equine life number|Universal equine life number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Auschwitz Prisoners Database ID|Auschwitz Prisoners Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nevada SHPO marker ID|Nevada SHPO marker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sigla ID|Sigla ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bing Entity ID|Bing Entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/light characteristic|light characteristic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung ID|Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificativo Polo bibliografico della Ricerca|Identificativo Polo bibliografico della Ricerca]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LTit person ID|LTit person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3GDK List number of albums (Q482994) by language (P407) in descending order] ([https://twitter.com/exmusica/status/1388311217752662019 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3GcN Map of Scottish council areas] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1387767074148294663 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3FNJ Databases with a SPARQL endpoint, sorted by number of ids known by Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/maxlath/status/1387753147137990656 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Enc List of actors and actresses who died during 2020] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1386779968504532992 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Movies/reports/screenwriters/new|new screenwriters]] * '''Development''' ** Entity Schemas now have syntax highlighting for viewing ([[phab:T238831]], [[d:EntitySchema:E10|example]]) ** Reviewing a patch that will make it possible to use templates on [[d:MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties]]. This will for example make it possible to show labels automatically for each Property ID. Thanks, Luca! ([[phab:T280787]]) ** Evaluated the interviews and other research we did around improvements for lexicographical data ** Worked on/fixed small remaining bugs in the Query Builder ([[phab:T280505]], [[phab:T279928]], [[phab:T279945]]) ** Continuing to work on evaluating and addressing scaling issues of the Query Service ** Provided input to a research team working on a potential new and improved Property Suggester ** Wikibase: we are completing the final tasks necessary to prepare the Wikibase Spring release and expect to publish new versions of the tarball and Docker images on or before May 15, 2021 [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Contribute/Suggested and open tasks|Suggested and open tasks]]! ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 03|Read the full report]]''' &middot; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] &middot; [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 15:46, 3 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21417611 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #466 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: Wikidata+Wikibase office hour happened on April 28th. See notes [[d:Wikidata:Events/IRC office hour 2021-04-28|here]] (English). ** Upcoming: [[m:International Museum Day 2021|International Museum Day]], May 3-18, including a [[m:International Museum Day 2021/Wikidata Competition|Wikidata competition]] ** Upcoming: Basics about SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, May 4 at 18:00 CEST ** Upcoming: [https://www2.ciimar.up.pt/events.php?id=244 Scholia - Open Bibliometrics for Researchers] webinar on Zoom, May 5 at 10h30 UTC (free, but registration needed) ** Upcoming: LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdYcY6YmRDE YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2949456088672882/ Facebook], May 8 ** Upcoming: [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#61|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #61]], May 9 ** Upcoming: the next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata bug triage hour]] will take place on May 17th on the topic of quality constraints ** Upcoming: [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia Hackathon, May 22-23]]. The call for proposals for the program is now open until May 9th for the main track (May 19th for the open rooms) [[mw:Topic:W7xmmkqx8o1vxjg6|More information]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://addshore.com/2021/04/wbstack-infrastructure-2021/ WBStack Infrastructure] - current deployment and architecture of [https://www.wbstack.com/ wbstack.com] ** Videos *** Mix'n'match workshop in (Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDl2q-7WC7g YouTube] *** SPARQL #Wikidata back to basics (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiFTY5zKZvI YouTube] *** Wikidata Lab XXVIII: Metadata applications (a technical training on the process of metadata applications development) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQQPwBMb8Gg YouTube] *** Upload workshop (in Dutch) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sm5VDb0LxW0 datacleaning], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MN3k_JXzeU reconciliation], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=870UI7O4mdc upload], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0v0Iwde86I embed metadata with exiftool] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkY41FVhmxk Upload images with Pattypan and link with Wikidata]. *** LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdvD6aIFmpc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2944276429190848/ Facebook] *** [[m:Wikipedia Weekly Network/Live Wikidata Editing‎|Overview of all LIVE Wikidata editing episodes]] including topics and tools used to make search easier * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://d5demos.mpi-inf.mpg.de/negation/ Wikinegata] is a platform for browsing interesting negations about Wikidata entities. ([https://d5demos.mpi-inf.mpg.de/negation/videos/demo.mp4 Overview video]) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[:d:Template:Item classification|Template:Item classification]] and [[:d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] now include more generic queries for classes: it include the number of subclasses, the number of instances, the number of instances by class, the list of instances and the list of most frequent properties for items of this class. ** [[:d:Template:TP organization|TP organization]] now includes generic queries for items of class school. ** [[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#Over_3,000,000_usages_of_taxon_name_(P225)|Over 3,000,000 usages of taxon name (P225)]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9488|field of usage]], [[:d:Property:P9493|artist files at]], [[:d:Property:P9494|accessibility statement URL]], [[:d:Property:P9496|degrees day]], [[:d:Property:P9499|Beirut Arab University's Libraries title ID]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9484|J! Archive player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9485|CofE archives name ID]], [[:d:Property:P9486|HERO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9487|GLEI RAL]], [[:d:Property:P9489|Archdiocese of Liverpool parish ID]], [[:d:Property:P9490|Yukon Archives authority record ID]], [[:d:Property:P9491|CofE archives place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9492|NC Highway Historical Marker Program ID]], [[:d:Property:P9495|National Historical Museums of Sweden agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9497|Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors ID]], [[:d:Property:P9498|Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens ID]], [[:d:Property:P9500|Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte ID]], [[:d:Property:P9501|Oregon Flora Image Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P9502|Digital DISCI ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Clubhouse account|Clubhouse account]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danmarks Tekniske Kulturarv book ID|Danmarks Tekniske Kulturarv book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hat Gedenkort|hat Gedenkort]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Secondary Archive artist ID|Secondary Archive artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/date of probate|date of probate]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LMIC musician ID|LMIC musician ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DC Books store book ID|DC Books store book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ctext data entity ID|ctext data entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SAIA authority ID|SAIA authority ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AdServio school ID|AdServio school ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple Music label ID|Apple Music label ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MacArthur Fellows Program ID|MacArthur Fellows Program ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of China Online Database ID|Encyclopedia of China Online Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DHLE|DHLE]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/APA Dictionary of Psychology entry|APA Dictionary of Psychology entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scholarpedia article ID|Scholarpedia article ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry|Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca di Santa Sabina ID|Biblioteca di Santa Sabina ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID|Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Universal equine life number|Universal equine life number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Auschwitz Prisoners Database ID|Auschwitz Prisoners Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nevada SHPO marker ID|Nevada SHPO marker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Sigla ID|Sigla ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bing Entity ID|Bing Entity ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/light characteristic|light characteristic]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung ID|Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Identificativo Polo bibliografico della Ricerca|Identificativo Polo bibliografico della Ricerca]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LTit person ID|LTit person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3GDK List number of albums (Q482994) by language (P407) in descending order] ([https://twitter.com/exmusica/status/1388311217752662019 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3GcN Map of Scottish council areas] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1387767074148294663 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3FNJ Databases with a SPARQL endpoint, sorted by number of ids known by Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/maxlath/status/1387753147137990656 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Enc List of actors and actresses who died during 2020] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1386779968504532992 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Movies/reports/screenwriters/new|new screenwriters]] * '''Development''' ** Entity Schemas now have syntax highlighting for viewing ([[phab:T238831]], [[d:EntitySchema:E10|example]]) ** Reviewing a patch that will make it possible to use templates on [[d:MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties]]. This will for example make it possible to show labels automatically for each Property ID. Thanks, Luca! ([[phab:T280787]]) ** Evaluated the interviews and other research we did around improvements for lexicographical data ** Worked on/fixed small remaining bugs in the Query Builder ([[phab:T280505]], [[phab:T279928]], [[phab:T279945]]) ** Continuing to work on evaluating and addressing scaling issues of the Query Service ** Provided input to a research team working on a potential new and improved Property Suggester ** Wikibase: we are completing the final tasks necessary to prepare the Wikibase Spring release and expect to publish new versions of the tarball and Docker images on or before May 15, 2021 [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** [[d:Wikidata:Contribute/Suggested and open tasks|Suggested and open tasks]]! ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 03|Read the full report]]''' &middot; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] &middot; [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 12:58, 4 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21417611 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #467 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * ''' [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]] ''' **Ongoing *** [https://www.arte.go.it/event/concorso-wikidata-per-la-giornata-internazionale-del-museo-2021/ Wikidata contest for International Museum] from May 3-18 2021 ** Upcoming *** OpenStreetMap TW x Wikidata Taiwan [[d:Q1867|Taipei (Q1867)]] Meetup 2021-05-10 *** Basics about SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, May 11 at 18:00 CEST *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#62|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #62]], May 16 *** [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug triage hour]] about constraints, May 17 *** [https://blog.coscup.org/2021/04/coscup-2021-cfp.html COSCUP 2021 Call For Papers] now open *** [http://his.ncku.edu.tw/p/406-1190-220982,r3069.php?Lang=zh-tw Wikimedia Taiwan x NCKUHis Digital humanities Wikidata Workshop] [[d:Q706708| National Cheng Kung University (Q706708)]], 2021-05-29 ~ 2021-05-31 * ''' [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://addshore.com/2021/05/wbstack-setting-changes-federated-properties-wikidata-entity-mapping-more/ WBStack setting changes, Federated properties, Wikidata entity mapping & more] (covering some of the recent UI and setting changes that happened on WBStack in the past months by [[d:User:Addshore|Addshore]] *** [https://www.kmjn.org/notes/academic_ancestors_wikidata.html Academic ancestor graphs from Wikidata] ** Papers *** Roderic D. M. Page, [[d:Q106727511|Wikidata and the Bibliography of Life]], doi:[https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2021.05.04.442638 10.1101/2021.05.04.442638] *** Friederike Ehrhart, et al. [[d:Q106708178|Aresource to explore the discovery of rare diseases and their causative genes (Q106708178)]], doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038/S41597-021-00905-Y 10.1038/S41597-021-00905-Y] ** Videos *** SPARQL #Wikidata​ retour aux bases #3 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQZBRVrKysE YouTube] *** Wikidata, Linked Data… all the data! Knowledge representation for everybody - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkPcUO6eZ5k YouTube] *** Wikidata Nigeria tutorials on YouTube - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzQWrxdtNP4 How to contribute to Wikidata], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuO1bJhdbdQ add statements for streets named after a person] *** SPARQL Wikidata tutorial (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hrdZ9FWynA YouTube] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #42 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdYcY6YmRDE YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2949456088672882/ Facebook] * ''' Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/Ranker.js|User:Nikki/Ranker.js]] adds a link to the Ranker tool next to every property on an entity page. * ''' Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikibaseug@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/WW4LZJINT3PIG3DOYKTXIWVP3WAKWXCT/ The Wikibase spring release is now available]! This new release is compatible with MediaWiki 1.35 and it contains new features: Federated Properties, WikibaseManifest & Wikibase Pingback. ** [[d:Wikidata_talk:Query_Builder#Query_Builder_update_-_May_2021|May 2021 Query Builder updates]]: We finished usability testing of new features and incorporated feedback from users including people with visual impairments and RTL languages. It is now possible to query for dates and we're also looking into making the Query Builder discoverable from the [https://query.wikidata.org/ Wikidata Query Service]. ** [[:d:Template:Generic queries for filmmakers|Template:Generic queries for filmmakers]] is a new wikidata template which defines generic SPARQL queries specific for filmmakers. ** [[:d:Template:Generic queries for occupations|Template:Generic queries for occupations]] is a new wikidata template with generic queries for items of items such as occupations or professions ** Wikimedia Foundation [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|2021 Board Elections]] has been announced. Please sign-up as an [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Election_Volunteers#1_-_50|Election Volunteer]] if you'd like to support the elections. Election Volunteers serve as a bridge between the Elections Committee, the facilitation team and the movement. * ''' Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9519|Digital Atlas of Idaho URL]], [[:d:Property:P9531|identifier shared with lexeme]], [[:d:Property:P9533|audio transcription]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9503|MyBIS species ID]], [[:d:Property:P9504|Beirut Arab University's Libraries title ID]], [[:d:Property:P9505|Gardens of the Roman Empire ID]], [[:d:Property:P9506|Ultime lettere di condannati a morte e di deportati della Resistenza italiana person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9507|NBM authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9508|MileSplit ID]], [[:d:Property:P9509|Mixcloud ID]], [[:d:Property:P9510|Forbes (Russia) profile ID]], [[:d:Property:P9511|am.hayazg.info ID]], [[:d:Property:P9512|bridgesport.ru player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9513|APA Dictionary of Psychology entry]], [[:d:Property:P9514|The Draft Review ID]], [[:d:Property:P9515|Nevada SHPO marker ID]], [[:d:Property:P9516|IUCN Green List ID]], [[:d:Property:P9517|National Association of Teachers of Singing member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9518|Danmarks Tekniske Kulturarv book ID]], [[:d:Property:P9520|Auschwitz Prisoners Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9521|Biology Online Biology Dictionary entry]], [[:d:Property:P9522|Biblioteca di Santa Sabina ID]], [[:d:Property:P9523|Senate of Romania person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9524|Chamber of Deputies of Romania person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9525|LMIC musician ID]], [[:d:Property:P9526|Scholarpedia article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9527|Historic Hawai‘i Foundation place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9528|Digital Library of Armenian Literature author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9529|Den Danske Ordbog article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9530|Den Danske Ordbog idiom ID]], [[:d:Property:P9532|OpenCorporates register ID]], [[:d:Property:P9534|Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID]], [[:d:Property:P9535|IBSF competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P9536|SAIA authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9537|Football Association of Norway Club ID]], [[:d:Property:P9538|music austria ID]], [[:d:Property:P9539|Secondary Archive artist ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/official podcast|official podcast]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Danish redlist ID|Danish redlist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Velocity Relative to Earth|Velocity Relative to Earth]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/athletics program|athletics program]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/North Carolina session law|North Carolina session law]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/vedidk ID|vedidk ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MyBIS protected area ID|MyBIS protected area ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/COG ID|COG ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Badok ID|Badok ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity person ID|Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DTB-Gerätturner-ID|DTB-Gerätturner-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy ID|Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UK Renewable Energy Planning Database ID|UK Renewable Energy Planning Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/University of Washington Campus Map ID|University of Washington Campus Map ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Music Centre composer ID|Australian Music Centre composer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs - diplomatic mission IDs|Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs - diplomatic mission IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SOUNZ work ID|SOUNZ work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Canadian Music Centre Composer Showcase ID|Canadian Music Centre Composer Showcase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Repositório da Produção USP Person ID|Repositório da Produção USP Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Archive of California finding aid ID|Online Archive of California finding aid ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SOSBrutalism ID|SOSBrutalism ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Microlepidoptera.nl ID|Microlepidoptera.nl ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OSDN project|OSDN project]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SOR bird ID|SOR bird ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Companies Registration Office (Ireland) Registration Number|Companies Registration Office (Ireland) Registration Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ToateAnimalele ID|ToateAnimalele ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Muziekencyclopedie ID|Muziekencyclopedie ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3JQn List of French firms without SIREN id (P1616) ordered by number of sitelinks with search links in annuaire-entreprises‧data‧gouv.fr] : the query makes it easy to find the [[:d:Property:P1616| SIREN number (P1616) ]] (source [[:d:Property talk:P1616|Property talk P1616]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3HQb Number of works per year by researchers supervised by Lars Kai Hansen] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1389958802569580548?s=19 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3C4b Count of sitelinks of Nigerians on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataNigeria/status/1389162931011694594 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3JXw 30 largest cities with female mayor] ([https://twitter.com/kvistgaard/status/1391438065332260865 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Jk3 Recent locations of boundary stones in Upper Lusatia (see pictures by clicking on the dots)] ([https://twitter.com/juliannyca/status/1389541433787535360 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/4yS Types of items in Australia that don't have identifier properties] ([https://twitter.com/tobyhudson/status/1389407884924968961 Source]) * ''' Development''' ** Omaha-Ponca language is now available for monolingual text properties. ([[phab:T265296]]) ** Added a meaningful error message when trying to use Special:EntityData with a Lexeme subentity like L123-F1 in cases where the Lexeme L123 was redirected to another Lexeme ([[phab:T257494]]) ** Changed the “type” and “value type” constraints to ignore deprecated values ([[phab:T170401]]) ** Working on rendering empty claims in JSON as `claims: {}` instead of `claims: []` ([[phab:T241422]]) ** Investigating some issues with page_props missing on Commons wiki after adding sitelinks to Commons categories ([[phab:T280627]]) ** Removed Google Knowledge Graph Id (P2671) and Wolfram Language entity code (P4839) from the Property Suggestions as they are usually not useful suggestions ([[phab:T280779]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * ''' Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 10|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 13:22, 10 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21437316 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #468 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Separating "citations" from all Wikipedia articles by using Wikidata|Separating "citations" from all Wikipedia articles by using Wikidata]] *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/IP Masking Engagement|IP Masking Engagement]] ** Closed request for comments: *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Allow for Wikidata items to be created that only link to a single Wikimedia Commons category (Wikidata notability discussion)|Allow for Wikidata items to be created that only link to a single Wikimedia Commons category (Wikidata notability discussion)]]. Outcome --> no change to [[d:WD:N|WD:N]] *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Inverse constraint on cause-and-effect properties|Inverse constraint on cause-and-effect properties]]. Outcome --> constraints were removed * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Ongoing: *** Data literacy snacks - Talk about "Wikibase knowledge graphs for data management & data science" on 23rd of June. For registration, send e-mail to info{{@}}berd-bw.de ** Upcoming *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, May 18 at 18:00 CEST *** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: [[d:User:Mahir256|Mahir Morshed]] will be discussing Lexemes in Wikidata; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tclUVevCfoJ56uVW_PaEaYlAPhM7dlannNWz7g17HzY/edit Agenda], May 18th. *** May 21-22, 2021 [https://bpl.bibliocommons.com/events/6082feae428df5450011f1a8] Boston Rock City: Explore Wikidata and Learn About Local Music: Boston Public Library is partnering with Harvard Library for a guided exploration of Wikidata and local music history. Join us for two days of music and Wikidata editing; no prior experience or punk cred necessary! This public event is free to all and will take place via Zoom; please register in advance. The subject of this project is the Arthur Freedman Collection, and audiovisual archive that captures over four decades of Boston rock music performances. We’ll provide: instructions, tools, data sources, visualizations, optional Discord chat, and a soundtrack. If you have questions, please contact Harvard Library staff member Peter Laurence at laurenc@fas.harvard.edu. *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#63|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #63]], May 23 *** OpenStreetMap Taiwan x Wikidata Taiwan [[d:Q1867|Taipei (Q1867)]] Meetup 2021-06-07 [[d:Q61752245|Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]]. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers ***Hiba Arnaout et al, [[d:Q106630248|Negative Knowledge for Open-world Wikidata]] ([https://wikiworkshop.org/2021/papers/Wiki_Workshop_2021_paper_3.pdf full text link]) ** Videos *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyqK8iihGLw LIVE Wikidata editing #44] - YouTube **** Link to all the [[m:Wikipedia Weekly Network/Live Wikidata Editing|Wikipedia Weekly Network/Live Wikidata Editing]] sessions by [[d:User:Ainali|Ainali]] and [[d:User:Abbe98|Abbe98]] *** Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons und Wikipedia bearbeiten 2021/001 (in German) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wht1sc-fFyw YouTube] *** SPARQL #Wikidata retour aux bases #4 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G8Koop-m4RA YouTube] *** How to use Wikidata to list nearby tourist places on a web page (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CeXNGArs54 YouTube] *** How to add lexemes to Wikidata (in Swedish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JHqz2DL7Io YouTube] *** How to edit library data in Wikidata (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WZfr8e1XhI YouTube] *** Editing the drawings in the Gambara Bovardi collection at the Levi Foundation in Venice on Wikidata (in Italian) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pycIxhbkGWU YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister/hyphenation-point.js|User:Lucas Werkmeister/hyphenation-point.js]] is a user script that replaces any | characters with U+2027 HYPHENATION POINT when editing hyphenation snaks. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/05/11/adding-dois-to-chinese-scientific-articles-on-wikidata/ 20k+ DOIs of Chinese language scientific journal articles have now been added to WD], thanks to scraping->validation->matching->quickstatements workflow built by [[User:Stevenliuyi|Stevenliuyi]] (via a [[m:WikiCite|WikiCite]] eScholarship) ** [[:s:Template:Annotate QID|Template:Annotate QID]] (currently on en. & de.Wikisource) allows names and other terms in texts to be semantically annotated with the equivalent QIDs. sv.Wikisource has [[:s:sv:Mall:Samma som|a similar template]]. ** [[:d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] displays [[:d:Template:Generic queries for occupations|Template:Generic queries for occupations]] for items of class occupation (Q12737077) and [[:d:Template:Generic queries for filmmakers|Template:Generic queries for filmmakers]] for items with occupation (P106) filmmaker (Q2526255) **Wikimedia Foundation [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|2021 Board Elections]] has been announced. Please sign-up as an [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Election_Volunteers#1_-_50|Election Volunteer]] if you'd like to support the elections. Election Volunteers serve as a bridge between the Elections Committee, the facilitation team and the movement. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9531|identifier shared with lexeme]], [[:d:Property:P9533|audio transcription]], [[:d:Property:P9547|counterpart position]], [[:d:Property:P9548|earned run average]], [[:d:Property:P9549|official podcast]], [[:d:Property:P9566|diel cycle]], [[:d:Property:P9567|intended background color]], [[:d:Property:P9570|scope note]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9525|LMIC musician ID]], [[:d:Property:P9526|Scholarpedia article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9527|Historic Hawai‘i Foundation place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9528|Digital Library of Armenian Literature author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9529|Den Danske Ordbog article ID]], [[:d:Property:P9530|Den Danske Ordbog idiom ID]], [[:d:Property:P9532|OpenCorporates register ID]], [[:d:Property:P9534|Biblioteche della Custodia di Terra Santa a Gerusalemme ID]], [[:d:Property:P9535|IBSF competition ID]], [[:d:Property:P9536|SAIA authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9537|Football Association of Norway club ID]], [[:d:Property:P9538|music austria ID]], [[:d:Property:P9539|Secondary Archive artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9540|Editorial Freelancers Association member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9541|MacArthur Fellows Program ID]], [[:d:Property:P9542|representatives1821.gr ID]], [[:d:Property:P9543|Memento Vienna person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9544|universal equine life number]], [[:d:Property:P9545|Encyclopedia of China Online Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9546|Indiana State Historical Marker Program ID]], [[:d:Property:P9550|Apple Music label ID (US version)]], [[:d:Property:P9551|bio.se movie theater ID]], [[:d:Property:P9552|MyBIS protected area ID]], [[:d:Property:P9553|Dialnet thesis ID]], [[:d:Property:P9554|hPSCreg cell line ID]], [[:d:Property:P9555|Michigan State University Library Comic Art Collection Record Number]], [[:d:Property:P9556|LTit person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9557|JECFA number]], [[:d:Property:P9558|Badok ID]], [[:d:Property:P9559|Sigla ID]], [[:d:Property:P9560|DCinemaToday company ID]], [[:d:Property:P9561|CEV coach ID]], [[:d:Property:P9562|CEV team ID]], [[:d:Property:P9563|Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy ID]], [[:d:Property:P9564|Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity ID]], [[:d:Property:P9565|AdServio ID]], [[:d:Property:P9568|PeakVisor peak ID]], [[:d:Property:P9569|PeakVisor range ID]], [[:d:Property:P9571|PeakVisor area ID]], [[:d:Property:P9572|PeakVisor park ID]], [[:d:Property:P9573|Anime Filler List show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9574|Anime Filler List episode slug]], [[:d:Property:P9575|Australian Music Centre composer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9576|Danish 2010 redlist identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9577|synonymer.se ID]], [[:d:Property:P9578|SOUNZ work ID]], [[:d:Property:P9579|vedidk ID]], [[:d:Property:P9580|Microlepidoptera.nl ID]], [[:d:Property:P9581|UNITER Award person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9583|sense on DHLE]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/infects|infects]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/setlist|setlist]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/oral history at|oral history at]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DIVA author ID|DIVA author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DIVA record ID|DIVA record ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/type of lens|type of lens]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ToateAnimalele ID|ToateAnimalele ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Muziekencyclopedie ID|Muziekencyclopedie ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CDep.Ro NGO ID|CDep.Ro NGO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/causesanti.va ID|causesanti.va ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adevărul topic ID|Adevărul topic ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bathingWaterIdentifier|bathingWaterIdentifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scenic Washington scenic drives and road trips ID|Scenic Washington scenic drives and road trips ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bodleian Archives & Manuscripts ID|Bodleian Archives & Manuscripts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cIMeC.Ro Museum ID|cIMeC.Ro Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Newspaper Genre List ID|Newspaper Genre List ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Styria Museum ID|Styria Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/What Works Clearinghouse study ID|What Works Clearinghouse study ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WUA author ID|WUA author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hush.am person ID|hush.am person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Archive Alsharekh person ID|Archive Alsharekh person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Douban series ID|Douban series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RomArchive IDs|RomArchive IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa ID|Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Scholasticon person ID|Scholasticon person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Japan PlayStation Software Database ID|Japan PlayStation Software Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WMF lang code|WMF lang code]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** [[d:Wikidata:Properties for deletion|Deleted properties]]: [[Wikidata:Requests for deletions/Archive/2020/Properties/1#P7478|iFixit repairability score (P7478)]] ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Kuh Number of species belonging to the different IUCN conservation categories] ([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1393263549745704960 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3LHM List of Wikimedia language codes] ([https://twitter.com/EntityExplosion/status/1393832426606981122 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3kue Plant genera that honor women] ([https://twitter.com/dpsSpiders/status/1393262036151308295 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3LgY Poets whose fathers are lawyers] ([https://twitter.com/WorldsAspire/status/1393485819386732545 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Jjy Phrase-book for types of food] (mapping Catalan and English) ([https://twitter.com/mlpoulter/status/1391731710321115138 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Fixed the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000160/wikidata-entity-usage?orgId=1&refresh=5m entity usage dashboards] that no longer showed data due to technical issues. It tracks how much data from Wikidata is used on the other Wikimedia projects. ([[phab:T279762]]) ** Configured the Property Suggester to not suggest Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671) and Wolfram Language entity code (P4839) ([[phab:T280779]]) ** Investigated remaining issue with updating the page_props table on the client wikis, which is confusing some bots making use of that table ([[phab:T280627]]) ** Fixed an issue in the Query Builder where it got confused when adding several conditions with the same Property ([[phab:T279945]]) ** Working on tracking the number of edits per namespace over time ([[phab:T281356]]) ** Working on fixing a bug where old revisions of Items have edit buttons but should not ([[phab:T281587]]) ** Fixing an issue where value suggestions are not showing all values that are defined in the property constraint ([[phab:T280650]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Near 6,100 items have the [[d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] in their talk page. Help deploy this template. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 17|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:18, 17 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21450055 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #469 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past *** HackaLOD Online: Estimating the interest of art relationships with Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6egtKzrN6E0 YouTube] ** Ongoing *** [[d:Wikidata:IFLA Wikidata Working Group/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref Campaign by IFLA Wikidata Working Group]] (May 15 - June 5) **** [[d:Wikidata:Gruppo Wikidata per Musei, Archivi e Biblioteche/1Lib1Ref|#1Lib1Ref Campaign in Italy]], as part of the IFLA Wikidata Working Group campaign (May 15 - June 5); more than 10k references have already been added (see the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/GWMAB/1Lib1Ref_2021 dashboard] for more details) ** Upcoming *** The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_,May_2021 next Wikibase live session] is [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1622131236 16:00 UTC on Thursday 27th May 2021] (18:00 Berlin time). Everyone is welcome to come and share out about your project or what you're working on around Wikibase. *** '''27/05 (17h UTC):''' [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXIX|Wikidata Lab XXIX: Roundtripping process]] with [[d:User:Ederporto|Ederporto]], [[d:User:Pharos|Pharos]] e [[d:User:Susannaanas|Susannaanas]] ('''in English'''), on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l77bc-rgrc YouTube] *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, May 25 at 18:00 CEST *** LIVE Wikidata editing #45 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5vVbuTI7PY YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2965557083729449/ Facebook], May 29 at 18:00 UTC *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#64|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #64]], May 30 *** [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_LD4_Wikidata_Affinity_Group/Wikibase_and_WBStack_Working_Hours|LD4 Wikibase Working Hour: The history, present and future of WBStack & WBaas (Wikibase as a service)]] [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html?iso=20210527T170000&p1=1440&p2=tz_et&p3=tz_cest&p4=tz_pt 27 May 2021, 1PM Eastern US]. Please [https://columbiauniversity.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJMkf-mupj8iGtFYsNZLq4ZqGeat_oPxb889 fill in this form] to register! * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs ***[https://ai.googleblog.com/2021/05/kelm-integrating-knowledge-graphs-with.html KELM: Integrating Knowledge Graphs with Language Model Pre-training Corpora]. Wikidata was used to generate sentences to train a language model. *** [http://ai.stanford.edu/blog/introduction-to-knowledge-graphs/ An Introduction to Knowledge Graphs] ** Videos *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VujfdGnUnp0 Wikimedia Hackathon 2021 - Main track - Saturday 22] ***[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weYWFgr1ZNc Curating bibliographic metadata of scholarly publications: demo of Wikidata-based Scholia workflows] ***[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur-ehBrWbMU Demo of Ordia, a Wikidata tool to visualize lexicographic information from Wikidata] ***[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8-QAzV1yhk Adding references to Wikidata items, as part of #1Lib1Ref campaign] (in Italian) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Jon Harald Søby/compact items.css|User:Jon Harald Søby/compact items.css]] is a stylesheet that shrinks the vertical space items take up on your screen, reducing the need to scroll to get an overview of an item. ([[:File:Wikidata Compact items screenshot.png|screenshot]]) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' **The prefix <code><nowiki>[[lexemes:]]</nowiki></code> allows to link to a search for lexemes on any Wikimedia wiki. Sample: [[lexemes:describe]] ([[d:Wikidata:Project_chat#lexemes:_links_to_lexemes|project chat announcement]]). ** The [https://github.com/inventaire/wikidata-lang <code>wikidata-lang</code>] JS module got a major update, and now makes accessible pre-generated [https://github.com/inventaire/wikidata-lang/tree/master/mappings mappings] between Wikidata ids, [[:d:Property:P424|Wikimedia language code (P424)]], [[:d:Property:P218|ISO 639-1 code (P218)]], [[:d:Property:P219|ISO 639-2 code (P219)]], [[:d:Property:P220|ISO 639-3 code (P220)]], and [[:d:Property:P221|ISO 639-6 code (P221)]], that can also be used by non-JS programs by fetching the desired JSON. Examples: ***[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inventaire/wikidata-lang/master/mappings/wd_id_by_wm_code.json mapping of Wikimedia language codes to Wikidata ids] ***[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/inventaire/wikidata-lang/master/mappings/wm_code_by_iso_639_2_code.json mapping of ISO 639-2 to Wikimedia language codes] ** Wikidata-related projects that have been developed/improved during the [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia Hackathon 2021]]: *** [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister/Ranker|User:Lucas_Werkmeister/Ranker]] - Finished and announced the batch modes for the Ranker tool, allowing users to edit the ranks of statements in Wikidata or Structured Data on Commons in bulk *** [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/template/portuguese-adverb-modal/ Wikidata Lexeme Forms: Portuguese modal adverb] - Deployed support for Portuguese modal adverbs in the Wikidata Lexeme Forms tool *** [[d:User:Jon Harald Søby/addSenseImage.js|User:Jon Harald Søby/addSenseImage.js]] - User script to add images to sense statements on lexemes *** [[d:Wikidata:Tools/Enhance_user_interface#identifierInput.js|Wikidata:Tools/Enhance user interface#identifierInput.js]] - fixing a bug in IdentifierInput.js gadget for Wikidata to better handle when a property has no format restraints * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9597|type of lens]], [[:d:Property:P9600|oral history at]], [[:d:Property:P9601|official map URL]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9584|The Criterion Collection film ID]], [[:d:Property:P9585|Lexikon der österreichischen Provenienzforschung ID]], [[:d:Property:P9586|Apple TV movie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9587|Canadian Music Centre Composer Showcase ID]], [[:d:Property:P9588|causesanti.va ID]], [[:d:Property:P9589|Muziekencyclopedie ID]], [[:d:Property:P9590|North Carolina session law]], [[:d:Property:P9591|#SOSBrutalism ID]], [[:d:Property:P9592|Online Archive of California finding aid ID]], [[:d:Property:P9593|Museums in Styria ID]], [[:d:Property:P9594|Bodleian Archives & Manuscripts person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9595|SOR bird ID]], [[:d:Property:P9596|ToateAnimalele ID]], [[:d:Property:P9598|Polo bibliografico della ricerca entity ID]], [[:d:Property:P9599|Polo bibliografico della ricerca author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9602|OSDN project]], [[:d:Property:P9603|Scholasticon person ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/music for work|music for work]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/in sense|in sense]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/academic calendar type|academic calendar type]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Romanistenlexikon ID|Romanistenlexikon ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Buzer.de law identification|Buzer.de law identification]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/senato.archivioluce.it person ID|senato.archivioluce.it person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV show ID|Apple TV show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple TV episode ID|Apple TV episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Music Centre work ID|Australian Music Centre work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fondoambiente.it ID|fondoambiente.it ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Unified book number|Unified book number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GLEI ELF|GLEI ELF]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RBF event ID|RBF event ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Poetsgate poet ID|Poetsgate poet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Badkartan.se ID|Badkartan.se ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Book Owners Online person ID|Book Owners Online person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ifixit device ID|ifixit device ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Price One Penny Author ID|Price One Penny Author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Price One Penny Publisher ID|Price One Penny Publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Price One Penny Work ID|Price One Penny Work ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Medical Institution Code|Medical Institution Code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AlternativeTo software ID|AlternativeTo software ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/RoBasketballFed IDs|RoBasketballFed IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Coins of the Roman Empire ID|Online Coins of the Roman Empire ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bathingWaterIdentifier|bathingWaterIdentifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia della Matematica ID|Enciclopedia della Matematica ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3MoA Danish idioms] ([https://twitter.com/dhum2021C/status/1395694739542904832 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3MZJ Map of coronavirus research organizations active from before 2020] ([https://twitter.com/fnielsen/status/1395387847075635200 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3NMQ Scholarly articles about COVID-19 with "Wikipedia" in the title] *** [https://w.wiki/3NNt 20th-century UK parliaments with count of father/mother who were MPs] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1395140118617395201 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3MAF The tallest known female politicians] ([https://twitter.com/perstar/status/1394916645454426112 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Ls7 Writing systems/characters and their year of appearance] ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1394632991507324931 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3NQN Nocturnal animals based on diel cycle] ([[d:Property_talk:P9566#Gallery_of_nocturnal_animals|Source]]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Movies/lists/Doctor_Who_episodes_new_series|Doctor Who episodes (new series)]] * '''Development''' ** Designing and planning for the first version of a tool to compare Wikidata's data against other databases and find mismatches that might need fixing ** Looking into unit conversion for the Commons Query Service ([[phab:T281468]]) ** Improving RDF export performance problems for very large Items ([[phab:T281272]]) ** Fixed entity suggestions not showing all Items defined in that Property's constraint ([[phab:T280650]]) ** Removed edit buttons that had reappeared on old revisions of Items where they shouldn't be ([[phab:T281587]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 24|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:45, 24 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21466090 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #470 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Closed request for comments: *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Cleaning up the ontology of anonymous|Cleaning up the ontology of anonymous]]. Outcome: New model adopted, [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Visual_arts/Item_structure#Use_of_creator_(P170)_in_uncertain_cases|documentation updated]]. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past *** [[:m:Wikibase Community User Group monthly meetings - May 2021|Wikibase Community User Group monthly meetings- May 2021]] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juQO7M60RfI How to add references on Wikidata (# 1Lib1Ref 2021)] - working hour (2) *** SPARQL #Wikidata divers **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8w5YGW4hF4 Session du mardi 18 mai] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvmQNkua41Q Session du mardi 25 mai] ** Upcoming *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, June 1 at 18:00 CEST *** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Affinity Group Co-facilitators will recap the last year, introduce plans for the coming year, and receive suggestions from the community for future sessions.; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fNCvP7suZoYZHxpku55eqVNGc0MM3sDmCOk9BRnISLU/edit?usp=sharing], June 1st. *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#65|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #65]], June 6 *** [[:m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021-06-09|Meta meeting]] of the Wikibase Community User Group, to solve issues related to its affilation to the Wikimedia Foundation, June 9 *** [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug Triage Hour]] about quality constraints, June 17 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers *** [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351607486_Mapping_of_ImageNet_and_Wikidata_for_Knowledge_Graphs_Enabled_Computer_Vision Mapping of ImageNet and Wikidata for Knowledge Graphs Enabled Computer Vision] ** Videos *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9l77bc-rgrc Wikidata Lab XXIX: Roundtripping process] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyadhJmA_nM Use of VanderBot Wikidata API writing script] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zv9rMzOczv8 testing]) *** LIVE Wikidata editing #45 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5vVbuTI7PY YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2965557083729449/ Facebook] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:So9q/ordia-link.js|User:So9q/ordia-link.js]] - is a script to add a link to Ordia in the Tools section on items. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kholoudsaa&oldid=1429524656 Call to participation in interview study to building a recommender system that can help improve the editing experience in Wikidata]: Researchers at King's College London develop a personalized recommendation system to suggest Wikidata items for the editors based on their interests and preferences. The researchers are inviting volunteers to interview them about their current ways to choose the items you work on in order to understand the factors that might influence such a decision. ** [[:de:Wikipedia:Meinungsbilder/Lokale_Seiten-Kurzbeschreibungen#Ergebnis|dewiki]] considered, but rejected the introduction of local short descriptions to replace those from Wikidata ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeEntitySuggester.js|User:Nikki/LexemeEntitySuggester.js]] was improved to now *** automatically suggests the existing senses/forms when using demonstrates sense/form *** automatically suggests items (based on the lemma matching the label or an alias) when using item for this sense *** and searches for lemmas exactly matching the input when using synonym, antonym, hyperonym or pertainym * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9611|district heating grid]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9604|DiVA authority-person]], [[:d:Property:P9605|CDep.Ro NGO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9606|WUA author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9607|hush.am person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9608|Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa ID]], [[:d:Property:P9609|What Works Clearinghouse study ID]], [[:d:Property:P9610|PoetsGate poet ID]], [[:d:Property:P9612|Repositório da Produção da USP person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9613|ctext data entity ID]], [[:d:Property:P9614|Australian Music Centre work ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Martian coordinates|Martian coordinates]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/gobbledygook|gobbledygook]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nevada Women's History Project ID|Nevada Women's History Project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/AADFI member ID|AADFI member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bod-Inc Online author ID|Bod-Inc Online author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Erfgoedkaart ID|Erfgoedkaart ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Price One Penny Periodical ID|Price One Penny Periodical ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Price One Penny Library ID|Price One Penny Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/composers.am person ID|composers.am person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/armradioarchive.am person ID|armradioarchive.am person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Armeniapedia ID|Armeniapedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers ID|Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ AZGS Document Repository ID| AZGS Document Repository ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/electronic Essential Medicines List medicine ID|electronic Essential Medicines List medicine ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PAS member ID|PAS member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ℒoviℱm Top Songs ID|ℒoviℱm Top Songs ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/20th Century Chinese Biographical Database ID|20th Century Chinese Biographical Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dizionario Biografico dell'Educazione (1800-2000) ID|Dizionario Biografico dell'Educazione (1800-2000) ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BIU Santé image bank ID|BIU Santé image bank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cadastral plot in France|cadastral plot in France]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Internet Game Database developer ID|Internet Game Database developer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/allabolag.se person ID|allabolag.se person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Olschki author ID|Olschki author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Nqn People with bird-like surnames in Czech] ([https://twitter.com/medi_cago/status/1396922635011993600 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3PZn Properties used to link] from [[d:Q580922|preprints (Q580922)]] to [[d:Q13442814|scholarly articles (Q13442814)]] ([https://twitter.com/larswillighagen/status/1397693652584087553 Source]) *** [http://w.wiki/3N9E Birthplace of Spanish poets] ([https://twitter.com/modernitas2021/status/1397167034358710274 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3NrD UK Parliaments since 1801 with number of members, number of distinct member-terms, and count of missing seats/parties.] ([https://twitter.com/generalising/status/1396941233445130244 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Lighthouses/lists/Fresnel lenses|Fresnel lenses of lighthouses]] * '''Development''' ** Italian Wikiversity used Lua on their Recent Changes SpecialPage via overwriting a MediaWiki message. Our code used to not expect that, now it does. ([[phab:T283240]]) ** Updating the panel that tracks Wikidata edits over time in different namespaces to include all namespaces ([[phab:T281356]]) ** Working on adding a new constraints type for Lexemes ([[phab:T200689]]) ** Working on designs for improving Special:NewLexeme ** Working on designs for the system to find mismatches between Wikidata's data and other databases ** Fixing some malformed globe-coordinate precisions in the database ([[phab:T283576]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 05 31|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 13:16, 31 Mayu 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21494252 --> Assalamu alaikum[[User:Shamsu Musa1|Shamsu Musa1]] ([[User talk:Shamsu Musa1|talk]]) == Wikidata weekly summary #471 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: *** Wikimedia Hackathon 2021 (replay) "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EA9sLTEdcSo Wikidata Live Querying]" by [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister|Lucas Werkmeister]] *** SPARQL #Wikidata Préfixes 1/2 (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7ricJjl4WU YouTube] ** Upcoming: *** [[:m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021-06-09|Meta meeting]] of the Wikibase Community User Group, Wednesday, June 9, 16:00 UTC *** LIVE Wikidata editing #46 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45BdQRcIek8 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2975545379397286/ Facebook], June 12 at 18:00 UTC *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#66|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #66]], June 13 *** (Dutch) 16 june 2021, 15.00-16.30 CEST, "Universiteitsbibliotheek: Bijzondere Collecties zichtbaar en vindbaar maken in Wikidata", during "[https://library.maastrichtuniversity.nl/digitaal-erfgoed-um-zichtbaar-bruikbaar-houdbaar/ Digitaal Erfgoed @UM | zichtbaar, bruikbaar, houdbaar]" * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs ***[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/06/03/wikidata-and-r-a-perfect-pair/ "Wikidata and R: a perfect pair"] by [[user:Evolution and evolvability|Evolution and evolvability]] and [[User:Canley|Canley]]. A ''WikiCite'' eScholarship. ***"[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/06/04/brazilian-laws-modeling-the-brazilian-legislation-in-wikidata/ Brazil’s Laws: Modeling the Brazilian legislation in Wikidata]", by [[user:Ederporto|Ederporto]]. A WikiCite project grant project. ** Papers ***(Preprint) [[arxiv:2106.00459|KGPool: Dynamic Knowledge Graph Context Selection for Relation Extraction]] (Wikidata dataset used in evaluation) *** (Article) [https://www.infodocket.com/2021/06/06/article-wikidata-projects-in-times-of-covid-19-iupui-libraries-engagement-in-open-knowledge/ “Wikidata Projects in Times of COVID-19: IUPUI Libraries’ Engagement in Open Knowledge”] *** (Presentation) [https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Explore_Analyse_and_Translate_Multilingual_Wikidata_Properties/14727561 Explore, Analyse and Translate Multilingual Wikidata Properties] by [[User:Jsamwrites]] at [[m:ContribuLing/Program|Contribuling]] ** Videos *** Understanding data import into Wikidata via Quickstatements (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbvtAqZqXeY YouTube] *** Workshop for [[Wikidata:Zotero/Cita|"Cita"]]: a Wikidata addon for Zotero, hosted by [[User:Diegodlh|Diegodlh]] - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_t7vMWNoi2M English] & [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1admRZlWrkQ en español]. A ''WikiCite'' grant project. *** Wikidata: Municipalities of Romania + a map of places in Kuopio - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uj8wQebsQno YouTube] *** Wikidata Editing training (in Tamil) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0xSZCRI3Rc YouTube] *** Excursus: Wikidata Knowledge Graph - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvRqzlIrmTc YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Lucas Werkmeister/Wikidata Image Positions|Wikidata Image Positions]] is a tool to show and add [[:d:Property:P2677|relative position within image (P2677)]] qualifiers on [[:d:Property:P180|depicts (P180)]] statements on Wikidata items as areas on the item’s [[:d:Property:P18|image (P18)]]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: none *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9615|Badkartan.se ID]], [[:d:Property:P9616|Eionet bathingWaterIdentifier]], [[:d:Property:P9617|ifixit device ID]], [[:d:Property:P9618|AlternativeTo software ID]], [[:d:Property:P9619|Price One Penny author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9620|Nevada Women's History Project ID]], [[:d:Property:P9621|Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID]], [[:d:Property:P9622|Price One Penny work ID]], [[:d:Property:P9623|Price One Penny library ID]], [[:d:Property:P9624|Price One Penny publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P9625|Dizionario Biografico dell'Educazione (1800–2000) ID]], [[:d:Property:P9626|Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers ID]], [[:d:Property:P9627|Romanistenlexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9628|composers.am person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9629|Armeniapedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9630|OpenCorporates register jurisdiction]], [[:d:Property:P9631|armradioarchive.am person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9632|PANGO lineage code]], [[:d:Property:P9633|AZGS Document Repository ID]], [[:d:Property:P9634|AADFI member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9635|electronic Essential Medicines List medicine ID]], [[:d:Property:P9636|Japan PlayStation Software Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9637|Erfgoedkaart ID]], [[:d:Property:P9638|Romanian diplomatic mission ID]], [[:d:Property:P9639|Foreign diplomatic mission in Romania ID]], [[:d:Property:P9640|PAS member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9641|fondoambiente.it ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Range|Range]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/not found in|not found in]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LdiF person ID|LdiF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/board game mechanism|board game mechanism]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Date of resignation|Date of resignation]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DIP-ID|DIP-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Castforward ID|Castforward ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti member ID|Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EBAF ID|EBAF ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FCCOS ID|FCCOS ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dutch Caribbean Species Register ID|Dutch Caribbean Species Register ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TBDB ID|TBDB ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cirkev.cz bohoslužby ID|cirkev.cz bohoslužby ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ropiky.net pillbox ID|Ropiky.net pillbox ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCD creator ID|GCD creator ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3SnX Properties used to describe themselves] ([https://twitter.com/cthoyt/status/1401691538040651777 Inspiration]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Sxm Most common name in Germany by year of birth] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query/Archive/2021/03#Most_commons_name_in_Germany_by_year_of_birth|Source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Sxu Famous (not French) people born in France] ([[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query/Archive/2020/01#Famous_(not_french)_people_born_in_France|Source]]) * '''Development''' ** You can now add a title to a query visualisation by adding <code>#title:YourTitle</code> to your SPARQL code ([[phab:T225883]], [https://w.wiki/3RpY example query with a title]) ** Added a new constraints type to indicate that a certain Property should only be used on Lexemes of a certain language ([[phab:T200689]]) ** Working on not checking the format constraints via SPARQL to take that load off the SPARQL endpoint and make it technically better ([[phab:T176312]]) ** Working on making the API-Sandbox not suggest edits to real Items ([[phab:T219215]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 06 07|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:03, 7 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21551811 --> == Invitation for Functionary consultation 2021 == Greetings, Admins of the emerging community, I'm letting you know in advance about a meeting I'd like to invite you to regarding the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] and the community's ownership of its future enforcement. I'm still in the process of putting together the details, but I wanted to share the date with you: 10/11 July, 2021. I do not have a time on this date yet, but I will let you soon. We have created a [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Functionary consultations/June and July 2021|meta page]] with basic information. Please take a look at the meta page and sign up your name under the appropriate section. Thank you for your time.--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] 15:14, 10 June 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/UCoC_Group&oldid=21568660 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #472 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past *** SPARQL #Wikidata Préfixes 2/2 (session 8) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu2kzcbIWnY YouTube] *** Open Repositories 2021: Wikidata Integration with Repository Contents - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNxmj94ZSfs&t=5732s YouTube] *** Information Service Engineering 2021 **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dpltkumoDE SPARQL complex queries, SPARQL aggregation and variable assignment, Wikidata SPARQL examples] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9gvVClaI9A SPARQL Federated Queries, DBpedia and Wikidata, SPARQL query aggregation and variable assignment] ** Upcoming *** Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Linked_Data_for_Production#LD4-Wikidata_Affinity_Group|Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: [[User:Diegodlh|Diego de la Hera]] on [[Wikidata:Zotero/Cita|Cita]], a Wikidata add-on for Zotero. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1J_VTVktvmpMd4dTzFjQlGgKDEr7YaS5Mrxj6ME332X0/edit?usp=sharing Agenda], June 15 *** [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug Triage Hour]] about quality constraints, June 17 *** LIVE Wikidata editing #47 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD5L5iTHa1c YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2980705608881263/ Facebook], June 19 at 18:00 UTC *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#67|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #67]], June 20 *** OpenStreetMap TW x Wikidata Taiwan [[d:Q1867|Taipei (Q1867)]] Meetup 2021-07-05 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Videos *** Gateway into Linked Data: Breaking silos with Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7AyM8XCcTo&t=1316s YouTube] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #46 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45BdQRcIek8 YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2975545379397286/ Facebook] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS SPARQL Jupyter notebooks in PAWS]: PAWS is a wikitech services which allows to run Jupyter notebooks. There is a SPARQL kernel which makes it possible to run SPARQL queries. See this [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/Women%20as%20scientific%20discoverers.ipynb example notebook]. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikidata Community/Diversity 2021 Survey has been [[:commons:File:Wikidata Community Survey 2021.pdf|published]]. The results are meant to serve as a baseline to see how the community might (not) change in the future. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4VJS7P5OJBTSXDSAVI2VXAUXX7O56HGF/ WikidataCon 2021: A sustainable future for Wikidata]. Information about ''"the conference theme, its three-day program structure and a special project on diversity taking place before the conference itself"''. ** The [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|call for candidates]] for 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board elections has begun on June 9. The last date to apply is June 29, 2021. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9652|personality trait of fictional character]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9625|Dizionario Biografico dell'Educazione (1800–2000) ID]], [[:d:Property:P9626|Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers ID]], [[:d:Property:P9627|Romanistenlexikon ID]], [[:d:Property:P9628|composers.am person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9629|Armeniapedia ID]], [[:d:Property:P9630|OpenCorporates register jurisdiction]], [[:d:Property:P9631|armradioarchive.am person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9632|PANGO lineage code]], [[:d:Property:P9633|AZGS Document Repository ID]], [[:d:Property:P9634|AADFI member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9635|electronic Essential Medicines List medicine ID]], [[:d:Property:P9636|Japan PlayStation Software Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9637|Erfgoedkaart ID]], [[:d:Property:P9638|Romanian diplomatic mission ID]], [[:d:Property:P9639|Foreign diplomatic mission in Romania ID]], [[:d:Property:P9640|PAS member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9641|fondoambiente.it ID]], [[:d:Property:P9642|Olschki author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9643|French Etalab parcel visualization code]], [[:d:Property:P9644|Geneanet family name ID]], [[:d:Property:P9645|Online Coins of the Roman Empire ID]], [[:d:Property:P9646|senato.archivioluce.it person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9647|DIP ID]], [[:d:Property:P9648|Newspaper Genre List ID]], [[:d:Property:P9649|Dutch Caribbean Species Register ID]], [[:d:Property:P9650|Internet Game Database developer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9651|Book Owners Online person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9653|Bod-Inc Online author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9654|Burke Herbarium Image Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P9655|Ropiky.net pillbox ID]], [[:d:Property:P9656|Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti member ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LdiF person ID|LdiF person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/board game mechanism|board game mechanism]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Date of resignation|Date of resignation]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/sex or gender of the position|sex or gender of the position]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/regime|regime]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/earliest known OpenTimestamps|earliest known OpenTimestamps]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Biblioteca Nacional de Maestros|Biblioteca Nacional de Maestros]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/named after lexeme|named after lexeme]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TBDB ID|TBDB ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cirkev.cz bohoslužby ID|cirkev.cz bohoslužby ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GCD creator ID|GCD creator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Memobase ID|Memobase ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Central records of collections ID|Central records of collections ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Musica Baltica person ID|Musica Baltica person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Standard Citation Forms ID|Standard Citation Forms ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Montana Field Guide species ID|Montana Field Guide species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PRISM Break project ID|PRISM Break project ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Idaho Species ID|Idaho Species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Room of Names ID|Room of Names ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ZKM person ID|ZKM person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fotodok ID|fotodok ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFFR film director ID|IFFR film director ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EUIPO OoC-name id|EUIPO OoC-name id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gutenberg Biographics ID|Gutenberg Biographics ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EUIPO OoC-work id|EUIPO OoC-work id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games@Mail.ru ID|Games@Mail.ru ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/museumPASSmusées ID|museumPASSmusées ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handlingar.se|Handlingar.se]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NAD agent ID|NAD agent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bundesstiftung Aufarbeitung person ID|Bundesstiftung Aufarbeitung person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OlympicsIL ID|OlympicsIL ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Szs Lakes within 10 km of Berlin] *** Old bath [https://wcqs-beta.wmflabs.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AImageGrid%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fimage%20%22%5D%7D%0A%0A%23SELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Ffile%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fimage%20%20%3FDigitaltmuseum%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fimage%20%20%3FDigitaltmuseum%0AWITH%20%0A%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3FitemDescription%20%20WHERE%0A%20%20%7B%20SERVICE%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fquery.wikidata.org%2Fsparql%3E%20%0A%20%20%20%20%7B%3Fitem%20%20wdt%3AP6104%20wd%3AQ106774536.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22sv%2Cen%22.%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FitemLabel%20.%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%20AS%20%25Wikidataitems%0A%0AWHERE%20%0A%7B%20%20INCLUDE%20%25Wikidataitems%20.%0A%20%20%3Ffile%20wdt%3AP180%20%3Fitem.%0A%20%20%3Ffile%20wdt%3AP7847%20%3FDigID.%0A%20%20BIND%28URI%28CONCAT%28%22https%3A%2F%2Fdigitaltmuseum.org%2F%22%2C%3FDigID%29%29%20AS%20%3FDigitaltmuseum%29%0A%20%20%3Ffile%20schema%3AcontentUrl%20%3Furl.%20%0A%20%20bind%28iri%28concat%28%22http%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpecial%3AFilePath%2F%22%2C%20wikibase%3AdecodeUri%28substr%28str%28%3Furl%29%2C53%29%29%29%29%20AS%20%3Fimage%29%0A%7D pictures from Swedish Digitalmuseum] *** Bath water in Sweden [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23title%3A%20Swedish%20Bathwaters%20with%20line%20to%20connected%20water%0A%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fbathcoord%22%2C%22%3Flakecoord%22%2C%22%3Fline%22%2C%22%3Fstr%22%2C%22%3Flayer%22%5D%7D%0ASELECT%20%3Fstr%20%3Fbathwater%20%3FbathwaterLabel%20%3Fbathcoord%20%3Flake%20%3FlakeLabel%20%3Flakecoord%20%3Fdist%20%3Fline%20%3FSJOID%20%3Flayer%20%3FEionetBathingWaterIDentifier%20%3FHav%20%3FVISS%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fbathwater%20wdt%3AP6104%20wd%3AQ106774536.%0A%20%20%20%3Fbathwater%20%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Fxx.%0A%20%20%20%3Fbathwater%20%20p%3AP625%20%5B%20a%20wikibase%3ABestRank%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Fbathcoordlat%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Fbathcoordlon%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoGlobe%20%3Fglobe%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP625%20%3Fbathcoord%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fbathwater%20wdt%3AP9616%20%3FEionetBathingWaterIDentifier.%20%7D%0A%20%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fbathwater%20wdt%3AP206%20%3Flake.%0A%20%20%20%3Flake%20%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Frr.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Flake%20%20p%3AP625%20%5Ba%20wikibase%3ABestRank%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%3Flat%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Flong%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoGlobe%20%3Fglobe2%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP625%20%3Flakecoord%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Flake%20wdt%3AP761%20%3FSJOID.%20%7D%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20BIND%28geof%3Adistance%28%3Fbathcoord%2C%20%3Flakecoord%29%20as%20%3Fdist%29%20.%20%0A%20%20%23filter%20%28%3Fdist%20%3E%3D%203%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28floor%28%3Fdist%2F10%29%2a10%20as%20%3Flayer%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28%27LINESTRING%20%28%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fbathcoordlon%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fbathcoordlat%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flong%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Flat%29%2C%20%27%29%27%29%20AS%20%3Fstr%29%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28STRDT%28%3Fstr%2C%20geo%3AwktLiteral%29%20AS%20%3Fline%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%28URI%28CONCAT%28%22https%3A%2F%2Fbadplatsen.havochvatten.se%2Fbadplatsen%2Fkarta%2F%23%2Fbath%2F%22%2C%3FEionetBathingWaterIDentifier%29%29%20AS%20%20%3FHav%29%0A%20%20BIND%28URI%28CONCAT%28%22https%3A%2F%2Fviss.lansstyrelsen.se%2FWaters.aspx%3FwaterEUID%3DSE%22%2C%3FSJOID%29%29%20AS%20%3FVISS%29%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%2Csv%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Fdist%29 with distance to the center of the lake it is connected to] *** Bath water in Sweden [https://w.wiki/3TrJ located in Nature reserves (protected area, geojson)] *** [https://w.wiki/3RHs Map of the standard English and Welsh spellings of all places in the database] ([https://twitter.com/WIKI_NLW/status/1403327228629377024 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Qvi Films directed by Agnès Varda and their publication date] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1402037551309991937 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Jkb List of women who hold or have held the position of rector at a university] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1404234275147419658 Source]) ** Schema examples: *** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/EntitySchema:E319 EntitySchema:E319] - European bath waters ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: *** [[Wikidata:WikiProject European Bath Waters]] - Europe is open up and its summer - '''lets add bath waters to Wikidata''' * '''Development''' ** Working on no longer using the Query Service to evaluate Constraints Checks regular expressions (this should make our checks faster and allow for further improvements) ([[phab:T176312]]) ** Changing the rate limits for assigning Item IDs further, which should result in even fewer Q-IDs being skipped in the future ([[phab:T284538]]) ** Finalizing the concepts for a tool to help work on mismatches between Wikidata's data and other databases/websites/... [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 06 14|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:41, 14 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21551811 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #473 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming *** The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_2021.06.24 next Wikibase live session] is [https://iw.toolforge.org/zonestamp/1624550400 16:00 UTC on Thursday 24th June 2021] (18:00 Berlin time). This month we'll have a team member from [https://wikibase-stakeholder-group.github.io/ Wikibase Stakeholders Group] talk briefly about their work, and then we'll welcome people to share out about their work around Wikibase. We'll leave some space in the agenda to discuss meta issues related to the Wikibase Community Usergroup. *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in English by Vigneron, June 22 at 18:00 CEST *** '''24/06 (17:30 UTC):''' [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades em português/Wikidata Lab XXX|Wikidata Lab XXX: Roundtripping process for tainacan]] with [[d:User:Ederporto|Ederporto]] and Dalton Lopes Martins (https://tainacan.org/en/ Tainacan) ('''in English'''), on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6m0rRgadu4 YouTube] *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#67|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #68]], June 27 *** LIVE Wikidata editing #47 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QywDX83OZrw YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2985815161703641/ Facebook], June 26 at 18:00 UTC * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers *** [[:d:Q107308059|Beyond VIAF. Wikidata as a Complementary Tool for Authority Control in Libraries]] (with [https://catalogo.pusc.it/beyond_viaf/ detailed statistics on VIAF and Wikidata]) ** Videos *** Using OpenRefine and creating wikidata schema - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osYFU2UvE1Y YouTube] *** Query SPARQL Wikidata around genealogy (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc0pkmFkbYA YouTube] *** LIVE Wikidata editing #47 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD5L5iTHa1c YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2980705608881263/ Facebook] *** Global Open Initiative Foundation editing session - Adding statements about Ghanaian Members of Parliament using OpenRefine - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50GBWVUCsO8 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[:d:Template:PositionHolderHistory|Template:PositionHolderHistory]] displays the full list of position holders for a given position. ** [[:d:Template:Generic queries for positions|Template:Generic queries for positions]] new template with generic queries for positions. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Interlanguage links now work for multilingual Wikisource. [[phab:T275958]] ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeEntitySuggester.js|User:Nikki/LexemeEntitySuggester.js]] now supports searching for senses for the translation property. ** The [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|call for candidates]] for 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board elections has begun on June 9. The last date to apply is June 29, 2021. ** Since the beginning of the month, phabricator tickets about language codes (and names of languages) were reviewed and triaged to better reflect their content and current status. Some work was done to better identify the steps for such changes, highlight and address bottlenecks and system issues. Patches for a few codes were contributed and are being released. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/language_codes/ Phabricator "Language codes" workboard] provides an overview, [[phab:T284856]] attempts to identify maintenance steps and [[phab:T284276]] determine turn-around times. [[phab:T284808]] should finally close a gap in termbox language handeling. A way to better address some or all aspects of changes of language codes applicable to Wikipedia editions still needs to be found. Don't hesitate to request the addition or update of language names (e.g. the name of Dutch in Danish) or missing language codes, notably for monolingual strings (see [[d:Help:Monolingual_text_languages|Help:Monolingual text languages]]). * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9660|not found in]], [[:d:Property:P9664|named place on map]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9655|Ropiky.net pillbox ID]], [[:d:Property:P9656|Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9657|Memobase ID]], [[:d:Property:P9658|Standard Citation Forms for Rare Materials Cataloging ID]], [[:d:Property:P9659|Skipsrevyen ID]], [[:d:Property:P9661|EBAF authority ID]], [[:d:Property:P9662|LdiF person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9663|Musica Baltica person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9665|EGID]], [[:d:Property:P9666|RBF event ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/named after lexeme|named after lexeme]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/replacement value|replacement value]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Qualis rank|Qualis rank]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/role of component|role of component]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/table of contents available at URL|table of contents available at URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DICOM modality page|DICOM modality page]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Flemish Heritage Themes ID|Flemish Heritage Themes ID]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/OlympicsIL ID|OlympicsIL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/EBIDAT ID|EBIDAT ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Crosscut author ID|Crosscut author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/identifier BNM|identifier BNM]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Chidlovski.Com USSR national ice hockey team player ID|Chidlovski.Com USSR national ice hockey team player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Handzone player ID|Handzone player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BES-Net user ID|BES-Net user ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Hokej.cz player ID|Hokej.cz player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Research Resource Identifier|Research Resource Identifier]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VK artist ID|VK artist ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MonumentalTrees.com|MonumentalTrees.com]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexikon Westfälischer Autorinnen und Autoren person ID|Lexikon Westfälischer Autorinnen und Autoren person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/E-Flora BC species ID|E-Flora BC species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/E-Fauna BC species ID|E-Fauna BC species ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Villo! station ID|Villo! station ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LexM ID|LexM ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3VT7 Map of public bookcases] *** [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/Generic%20queries%20for%20positions.ipynb SPARQL Jupyter notebook to explore generic queries for positions] (using PAWS) *** [https://w.wiki/3W7h Biographies that can be linked in different Wikipedias (apart from deWP)] ([https://twitter.com/RegiowikiAt/status/1405806412039704579 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3WVb Vulnerable, endangered or extinct languages with number of lexemes in Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/WikidataFacts/status/1404841876134445059 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Lhb Articles in English Wikipedia about women that have the good article badge but do not have an article written in Spanish] ([https://twitter.com/editatona/status/1404553060223946755 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: *** [[Wikidata:WikiProject Outdoor Gyms]] * '''Development''' ** Fixed a bug that broke the "Add sitelink" popup on Commons ([[phab:T284854]]) ** Working on a fix for suggesters popping up unexpectedly when tabbing quickly ([[phab:284219]]) ** Reviewing code for a new Property Suggester by a student ([[phab:T284820]]) ** Mismatch Finder: Working on a tool to work through mismatching data between Wikidata and external databases. Your feedback is welcome on [[d:Wikidata talk:Mismatch Finder|Wikidata talk:Mismatch Finder]] ** Curious Facts: We developed a tool to help editors check random curious facts on Wikidata. [https://wikidata-analytics.wmcloud.org/app/CuriousFacts Try it] and give us your feedback on [[d:Wikidata talk:Curious_Facts|Wikidata talk:Curious Facts]] ** Kicked off our continued work on Wikidata-Wikibase federation (Federation v2) with preparatory work, including: *** [[phab:T284909|Testing infrastructure investigation and decision]] *** Investigation: [[phab:T284913|How to refer to entities that have the same IDs as the source wikibase entities]] [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 06 21|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:23, 21 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21590290 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #474 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** New request for comments: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for comment/Automatic analysis and breakdown of links (for social accounts reference)|Automatic analysis and breakdown of links (for social accounts reference)]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: *** [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021-06-24|log of Wikibase Live session 2021-06-24]] ** Upcoming: *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] and in French by Vigneron, June 28 at 18:00 CEST *** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Robert Chavez (Northeastern University) will provide an introduction to SPARQL and using the Wikidata Query Service.; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/14wazqg7XJM3Asqq4kFcNHCVgBOGODRp0U8yFc-22WM8/edit?usp=sharing], June 29th. *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#69|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #69]], July 4 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://linkeddigitalfuture.ca/2021/06/22/wikidata-with-five-indigenous-artists/ A Journey Into Wikidata with Five Indigenous Artists] *** [https://blogs.bl.uk/digital-scholarship/2021/06/adding-data-to-wikidata-is-efficient-with-quickstatements.html Adding Data to Wikidata is Efficient with QuickStatements] ** Papers ***[[d:Q107338764|Which methods are the most effective in enabling novice users to participate in ontology creation? A usability study]] (compares Wikidata to other knowledge modelling tools) **** ** Videos *** LIVE Wikidata editing #47 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QywDX83OZrw YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/2985815161703641/ Facebook], for the #ArcticKnot. *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Dvzb4Svzck SPARQL queries live on Twitch about lexicography and lexemes] by Vigneron, for the #ArcticKnot. *** Wikidata Lab XXX: Roundtripping process for Tainacan - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6m0rRgadu4 YouTube] *** Creating a new faculty item in Wikidata - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fu68LM5NicM YouTube *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fC3oXvQfqI Writing data to Wikidata], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvWkaCcEEHA Wikidata Sandbox items] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] now includes [[d:Template:Generic queries for positions|Template:Generic queries for positions]]. It can be used for every position item in the talk page. See example with [[d:Talk:Q81066|head of the United Nations Secretariat]]. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Wikidata Community/Diversity 2021 Survey has been [[:commons:File:Wikidata Community Survey 2021.pdf|published]]. The results are meant to serve as a baseline to see how the community might (not) change in the future. Feel free to give us your feedback on [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/2021-2-Survey|this discussion page]]. ** Call for candidates for the [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/2021 contact election|2021 election to the position of primary contact]] for the [[m:Wikibase Community User Group|Wikibase Community User Group]]. Applicants should present themselves on [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/2021 contact election/Candidates|this page]] before '''2021-07-08 17:00 (UTC)''', after which voting will commence. ** [[d:Wikidata:Bodh|Bodh]] is a new tool to edit Lexemes by hand on a larger scale. ** [[wikitech:User:AKhatun/Wikidata_Vertical_Analysis|Wikidata Vertical Analysis]] by AKhatun (WMF) ** [https://lexeme-forms.toolforge.org/template/igbo-noun/ Wikidata Lexeme Forms now supports Igbo nouns] ** [https://twitter.com/LucasWerkmeistr/status/1406334472891551745 Wikidata Lexeme Forms now supports Malayalam proper nouns] ** A new version of the Open Art Browser allows discovering works of art in the new section "Types", which presents you more than 1500 expressions of art. [http://openartbrowser.org/en/classes Explore it!] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9667|date of resignation]], [[:d:Property:P9675|curid]], [[:d:Property:P9680|consequence of text]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9666|RBF event ID]], [[:d:Property:P9668|cirkev.cz Catholic services ID]], [[:d:Property:P9669|Olympic Committee of Israel athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P9670|ZKM person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9671|Bundesstiftung Aufarbeitung person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9672|Fotodok ID]], [[:d:Property:P9673|museumPASSmusées ID]], [[:d:Property:P9674|Burke Herbarium Image Collection contributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9676|Vindskyddskartan.se ID]], [[:d:Property:P9677|Hokej.cz player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9678|Franciscan Center of Christian Oriental Studies ID]], [[:d:Property:P9679|Companies Registration Office (Ireland) Registration Number]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/delta of|delta of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Astrological sign|Astrological sign]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/announced at|announced at]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/contact point (2)|contact point (2)]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WTA-Trainer-ID|WTA-Trainer-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Villo! station ID|Villo! station ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/LexM ID|LexM ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Classical Archives composer ID|Classical Archives composer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UFC ID|UFC ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tapology ID|Tapology ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bellator ID|Bellator ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bauforschung Baden-Württemberg Objekt-ID|Bauforschung Baden-Württemberg Objekt-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FightMatrix ID|FightMatrix ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/World Curling Federation Championship ID|World Curling Federation Championship ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ethereum token address|Ethereum token address]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Legie 100 legionary ID|Legie 100 legionary ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PsycNET ID|PsycNET ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Index Theologicus ID|Index Theologicus ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MK ID|MK ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CCC in Idaho Collection ID|CCC in Idaho Collection ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gameblog.fr game ID|Gameblog.fr game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/African Film Database ID|African Film Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Games und Erinnerungskultur Datenbank ID|Games und Erinnerungskultur Datenbank ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia Online ID|Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia Online ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Native-Land.ca Territory ID|Native-Land.ca Territory ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Native-Land.ca Language ID|Native-Land.ca Language ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius ID|Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HockeyLive player ID|HockeyLive player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eishockey.info player ID|eishockey.info player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3Yev Street names in Alsatian] ([[phab:T262922#7178793|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Z8o What kind of places in Wales host public toilets?] ([https://twitter.com/WICI_LLGC/status/1409488011197300742 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3Yoe UK Health Ministers and their occupations on Wikidata] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1409081946865610756 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3YJM Count of statements by property for theatrical plays] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1408382965898436610 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3XdN Things dedicated to St. John the Baptist] ([https://twitter.com/euwikipedia/status/1407790562917367816 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Mismatch Finder: We started building the foundation of the place that will store the mismatches between Wikidata and other databases/catalogs/... ** Continued work on migrating the checks of regular expressions for constraints from SPARQL to a better solution to take that load off of the SPARQL endpoint ([[phab:T176312]]) ** Made it possible to show language links from multilingual Wikisource to the other language versions of Wikisource ([[phab:T275958]]) ** Added a new constraint type to indicate that a certain Property should only be used on Lexemes with a specific language ([[phab:T200689]]) ** Fixed a weird issue with suggesters popping back up when they shouldn't ([[phab:T284219]]) ** Invalid data will not be handled better in RDF outputs ([[phab:T285131]]) ** Working on lowering the rate limit at which a misbehaving bot can waste new Item IDs to further reduce the percentage of skipped Item IDs ([[phab:T284538]]) ** Working on not suggesting real Item IDs in the API sandbox to avoid accidental edits by people who think it is not making real edits ([[phab:T219215]]) ** Working on reducing the time it takes between entering a value in a new statement and being able to save the statement ([[phab:T281669]]) ** Improved documentation of the usage tracking aspects in API help pages. Usage tracking is an internal mechanism to track which article on Wikipedia etc uses which data from an Item on Wikidata. ([[phab:T283040]]) ** Language codes for monolingual strings "gsw-fr", "ykg", "wya", "osa-latn" were made available: Alsatian, Tundra Yukaghir, Wendat, Osage ([[phab:T262922]], [[phab:T252198]], [[phab:T283364]], [[phab:T265297]]) ** The English name for language code "crh" and the Swedish name for "fa" were corrected ([[phab:T240350]], [[phab:T281702]]) ** Lexeme language codes ha-arab, sux-latn, sux-xsux, gsg, tlh-piqd, tlh-latn, bfi, pwn, enm were added. That is Hausa in Arabic script, Sumerian in cuneiform and Latin-script, German Sign Language, Klingon in pIqaD and Latin script, British Sign Language, Paiwan and Middle English. ([[phab:T282512]], [[phab:T279557]]) ** It was determined that language codes can be activated for Wikidata while being blocked for use on Incubator ([[phab:T273705]]), this to avoid projects such as a "British English Wikipedia" ** Language code "es-419" for Latin American Spanish has been available for labels and descriptions for quite some time ([[phab:T230786]]) ** A possibly confusing Russian mis-translation of the name of the language code for "multiple languages" (mul) is being reviewed ([[phab:T245927]]) ** "[[:en-simple:]]" can be used instead of "[[:simple:]]" to link to Simple Wikipedia. Query Services outputs "en-simple", not "simple" for sitelinks to Simple Wikipedia ([[phab:T283149]]). ** There was some discussion about the creation of a language code "en-in" for monolingual strings, but "en-in" as interface language seems to be preferred ([[phab:T212313]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 06 28|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:03, 28 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21652091 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #475 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: *** [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Allenwang6212a|Allenwang6212a]] (RfP scheduled to end after 6 July 2021 06:09 UTC) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' **Past: *** Wikipedia Weekly Network - LIVE Wikidata editing #49 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHfBIxMa8qk YouTube] ** Upcoming: *** SPARQL queries [https://www.twitch.tv/belett live on Twitch] in French by Vigneron, July 6 at 18:00 CEST (UTC+2) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://blog.ldodds.com/2021/06/01/schema-explorers-and-how-they-can-help-guide-adoption-of-common-standards/ Schema explorers and how they can help guide adoption of common standards] *** [https://addshore.com/2021/06/tackling-technical-debt-big-and-small-in-wikidata-and-wikibase/ Tackling Technical Debt, big and small, in Wikidata and Wikibase] ** Papers *** [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.00156v1.pdf A Study of the Quality of Wikidata] *** [https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/ital/article/view/12959 Beyond VIAF: Wikidata as a Complementary Tool for Authority Control in Libraries] ** Videos *** (workshop) Editing Wikidata items about Ghanaian parliamentarians - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eRbrmDlTr0 YouTube] *** Adding descriptions and statements to Wikidata using Quickstatements - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAYlEhG0ILA&list=PL688h-0nBPOB3Z7GVKpYU9G23nX7QclT7&index=2 YouTube] *** Editing Wikidata (in German) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIY3zANk9lw YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/AnchorLinks.js|User:Nikki/AnchorLinks.js]] is a userscript that adds a small link before property labels and statement values on entity pages to provide a clickable/copiable link to that section of the page. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** A [https://karriere-igb.softgarden.io/job/11001088 job opening] for a fullstack developer to work on integrating Wikidata with expert-curated knowledge on invasion biology * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9681|voted on by]], [[:d:Property:P9683|Qualis rank]], [[:d:Property:P9687|author given names]], [[:d:Property:P9688|author last name]], [[:d:Property:P9700|delta of]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9682|Gutenberg Biographics ID]], [[:d:Property:P9684|Idaho Species ID]], [[:d:Property:P9685|Montana Field Guide species ID]], [[:d:Property:P9686|Classical Archives composer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9689|Crosscut author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9690|E-Fauna BC species ID]], [[:d:Property:P9691|E-Flora BC species ID]], [[:d:Property:P9692|LexM ID]], [[:d:Property:P9693|BES-Net user ID]], [[:d:Property:P9694|VK artist ID]], [[:d:Property:P9695|Legie 100 legionary ID]], [[:d:Property:P9696|Buzer.de law identification]], [[:d:Property:P9697|Games@Mail.ru ID]], [[:d:Property:P9698|World Curling Federation Championship ID]], [[:d:Property:P9699|FOIH themes ID]], [[:d:Property:P9701|African Film Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9702|Gameblog.fr game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9703|CCC in Idaho Collection ID]], [[:d:Property:P9704|Monumental Trees ID]], [[:d:Property:P9705|Bauforschung Baden-Württemberg Objekt-ID]], [[:d:Property:P9706|Director Identification Number]], [[:d:Property:P9707|GCD creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P9708|Handzone player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9709|Games und Erinnerungskultur Datenbank ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/code name|code name]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/International Tables for Crystallography space group number|International Tables for Crystallography space group number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Impact factor|Impact factor]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dependency grammar relations|dependency grammar relations]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/biological target|biological target]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/URL for citizen's initiatives|URL for citizen's initiatives]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incubator|incubator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/project state|project state]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/fotoCH photographer ID|fotoCH photographer ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Raakvlak inventory number|Raakvlak inventory number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cultural broadcasting archive station ID|cultural broadcasting archive station ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/National Diet Library Persistent ID|National Diet Library Persistent ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MANTO ID|MANTO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/e-Rad researcher ID|e-Rad researcher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WMO code|WMO code]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3b8y List of pairs of senses on the same lexeme that have the same gloss in at least one language] ([https://t.me/c/1325756915/10445 Source]) *** Which British Monarch saw most US Presidents; which US President saw most British Monarchs? ([https://w.wiki/3b8x graph view]) ([https://w.wiki/3b8u dimensions view]) ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1411624633137311748 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3amU All paintings (Q3305213) that depict (P180) a painting] ([https://twitter.com/seeksanusername/status/1411398102163103752 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3b3i Count of qualifiers used in performer (P175) statements] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1411721094902452229 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3b4k Scientific and Commons names of animals which are threatened as per IUCN Red List] ([https://twitter.com/anandmallaya/status/1411717642184970243 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3U$P Latin American female mathematicians who are not on spanish Wikipedia but have an article in another language] ([https://twitter.com/Wikimedia_mx/status/1411019089938575361 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3aAf US Governors and their religion, if listed] ([https://twitter.com/erik_paulson/status/1410754713272950784 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3b4x Living soccer players whose birthday is on January 1st] ([https://twitter.com/PhiBo23/status/1409932152758808580 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3ZEU Museums nearby Cēsis (Q107582)] ([https://twitter.com/jeb_140/status/1409588960414769156 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3ZEK Distribution of public toilets per administrative units in Wales] ([https://twitter.com/Jan_Ainali/status/1409580247348097032 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Mismatch Finder: We continued the work on building the basic store that in the future will hold mismatches between Wikidata's data and other databases/websites/catalogs/... These mismatches will then be used in the Mismatch Finder website and other tools to easily review them. ** Improved the namespace behavior of the CommonsLink constraint so that it now produces less false positives ([[phab:T237920]]) ** Working on adding a magic word to allow pages to be excluded from Special:UnconnectedPages on Wikipedias and co ([[phab:T97577]]) ** Language names in [[d:Q14549|Scots (sco)]] were updated ([[phab:T285076]]) ** A task to complete language names in [[d:Q7411|Dutch (nl)]] is being filled ([[phab:T231748]]) ** A language code for an undetermined Mixtec language is being ''determined'' ([[phab:T155419]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 07 05|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:09, 5 ga Yuli, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21694624 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #476 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: *** [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Emu|Emu]] (RfP scheduled to end after 13 July 2021 11:49 UTC) *** [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/-akko|-akko]] (RfP scheduled to end after 16 July 2021 06:31 UTC) ** Closed request for adminship: *** [[Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/Allenwang6212a|Allenwang6212a]] (unsuccessful) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: *** LIBER 2021 - Panel Discussion: Why use Wikidata or not - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4UCFJyGzfo YouTube] *** SPARQL Wikidata divers. Session of Tuesday, June 29 (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUkCaMucdYQ YouTube] *** SPARQL Wikidata Wikisource. Tuesday, July 6 session (in French) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36cyIt9WPgc YouTube] ** Upcoming: *** The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday 28th July 2021 at 16:00 UTC (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. This month we will also be having a guest presentation about [[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] by Srishti Sethi from the Wikimedia Foundation. *** Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Carlo Bianchini (University of Pavia), Stefano Bargioni (Pontifical University Santa Croce (Rome)), and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo (University of Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore) will discuss their recent project and article “Beyond VIAF: Wikidata as a Complementary Tool for Authority Control in Libraries”.; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UXzBo0UH4i8qs4RNG02b4uoE4fG09BlY5OJi7UD-BVU/edit], July 13th. *** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/XJ3TLDYCJYZ7HL436I2LQBVWUOI52AGI/ Upcoming Search Platform Office Hours—July 14th, 2021]. Come and ask anything related to Wikimedia search, Wikidata Query Service, Wikimedia Commons Query Service, etc.! *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#71|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #71]], July 18 * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs ***[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/07/07/improving-wikidata-wikisource-integration/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter Improving Wikidata-Wikisource Integration], July 7, 2021 by Krishna Chaitanya Velaga *** [https://addshore.com/2021/07/a-first-look-at-wikidata-through-github-copilot/ A first look at Wikidata through Github Copilot] by [[User:Addshore|Addshore]] ** Papers ***{{Q|107425133}}, by Kartik Shenoy et al, published 1 July 2021, explores the use of three indicators - deleted statements that are not replaced; deprecated statements; and constraint violations - as a framework for evaluating data quality. ** Videos *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmEBQ6G_Huw Introduction to OpenRefine for batch Wikidata editing] (YouTube, ca. 1 hr 40 min) by [[d:User:Spinster|Spinster]]. Recording of a training for the [[m:Wiki World Heritage User Group|Wiki World Heritage User Group]]. *** Editing Wikidata items about Ghanaian parliamentarians ([[m:Global Open Initiative|Global Open Initiative Foundation]] workshop) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3KOEMLgz2s YouTube] *** Editing Lexicographical data in Dagbani ([[d:Lexeme:L578335|ʒiɛɣu]]) ([[m:Dagbani Wikimedians User Group|Dagbani Wikimedians User Group]] workshop) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tATyBFvR6c0 YouTube] *** Wikidata Workshop by Juan Antonio Pastor at the University of Murcia (in Spanish) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fwXqYlyjPc YouTube] *** * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://schafe-vorm-fenster.de/ Schafe vorm Fenster] is a project to build up a calendar for rural villages in Vorpommern-Greifswald using Wikidata to get images and short descriptions for the villages. ([https://twitter.com/schafeamfenster/status/1412655207432048641 See example]) * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://twitter.com/WikidataMeter/status/1412980136429903875 Wikidata now has over 9,000 Properties!] You can see the development over the past 5 years and which datatype is represented the most [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000167/wikidata-datamodel?viewPanel=6&orgId=1&refresh=30m&from=now-5y&to=now here]. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/XTH4TUR34NQ57DC73HP6XB3NU6FO6CH7/ Wikimedia Deutschland to receive a grant from Arcadia to work on minority languages] ** The Wikidata development has a new space to receive bug reports and feature requests: [[Wikidata:Report a technical problem]]. You may also continue to report issues to [[Wikidata:Contact the development team]] but until the end of July when the page will be permanently protected and archived. ** OpenRefine has two Junior Developer job openings (paid contractor positions; part-time, fully remote) for building Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons functionality **# [https://openrefine.org/blog/2021/07/07/Wikimedia-Commons-reconciliation-batch-developer.html Junior Developer - Wikimedia Development] (6 months, from September 2021 till February 2022) **# [https://openrefine.org/blog/2021/07/07/OpenRefine-SDC-developer.html Junior Developer - OpenRefine Development] (8 months, from November 2021 till June 2022) ** For [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|2021 WMF Board of Trustees election]], there are [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates#Candidate_Table|20 candidates]]. Community members can know and participate in the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021#Campaign_Activities|campaign activities]] here. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9714|taxon range]], [[:d:Property:P9721|image of entrance]], [[:d:Property:P9729|replacement value]], [[:d:Property:P9731|announced at]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9704|Monumental Trees ID]], [[:d:Property:P9705|Bauforschung Baden-Württemberg Objekt-ID]], [[:d:Property:P9706|Director Identification Number]], [[:d:Property:P9707|GCD creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P9708|Handzone player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9709|Games und Erinnerungskultur Datenbank ID]], [[:d:Property:P9710|Lexikon Westfälischer Autorinnen und Autoren person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9711|cIMeC.Ro museum ID]], [[:d:Property:P9712|Research Resource Identifier]], [[:d:Property:P9713|Swedish National Archive agent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9715|Room of Names ID]], [[:d:Property:P9716|Native Land territory ID]], [[:d:Property:P9717|Native Land language ID]], [[:d:Property:P9718|eishockey.info player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9719|HockeyLive player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9720|fotoCH photographer ID]], [[:d:Property:P9722|UFC ID]], [[:d:Property:P9723|20th Century Chinese Biographical Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9724|FightMatrix ID]], [[:d:Property:P9725|EBIDAT ID]], [[:d:Property:P9726|Bellator ID]], [[:d:Property:P9727|WTA-Trainer-ID]], [[:d:Property:P9728|Tapology ID]], [[:d:Property:P9730|Chidlovski.Com USSR national ice hockey team player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/URL for citizen's initiatives|URL for citizen's initiatives]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/incubator|incubator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/project state|project state]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/edition-version|edition-version]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Città e Cattedrali ID|Città e Cattedrali ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/release of|release of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/translation of|translation of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/match event|match event]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Igromania series ID|Igromania series ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/alternative title|alternative title]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Classification of the Functions of Government|Classification of the Functions of Government]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WMO code|WMO code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia Dantesca ID|Enciclopedia Dantesca ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FINA Athlete ID 2021|FINA Athlete ID 2021]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IFPNI author ID|IFPNI author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Steam Greenlight ID|Steam Greenlight ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Adventure Corner ID|Adventure Corner ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Pladias ID|Pladias ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ código centro docente CEICE| código centro docente CEICE]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Media Bias/Fact Check ID|Media Bias/Fact Check ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/abART term ID|abART term ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/US-Ski-&-Snowboard-Athleten-ID|US-Ski-&-Snowboard-Athleten-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Freeview Australia show ID|Freeview Australia show ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kartridge game ID|Kartridge game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3bti Subclasses of Q732577 'publication' found by the Gather, Apply & Scatter service] ([https://twitter.com/Tagishsimon/status/1412705102004162560 source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3cJe Places more or less on Papa Stour] (using P1332-P1335 to constrain a wikibase:around search) *** [https://w.wiki/3ZYM Map of Sweden's outdoor gyms] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1413789042857193472 Source]) ** Newest database reports: [[d:Help:Wikimedia_language_codes/lists/all/in_nl|language names in Dutch (Wikidata, Wikipedia and MediaWiki)]] * '''Development''' ** Mismatch Finder (a tool to review mismatches between Wikidata and other databases): We continued initial development of the store part of the tool. We focused on the upload of new mismatches. ([[phab:project/view/5422]]) ** Discussion on how do describe the types of mismatches reviewed in Mismatch Finder ([[phab:T285849]]) ** We introduced a magic word that can be used to exclude a page from Special:UnconnectedPages on Wikipedia and co. This will make the special page more useful to find pages on Wikipedia and co that should be added to an Item on Wikidata as sitelinks. ([[phab:T97577]]). ** We reduced the number of Wikidata edits that show up in the watchlist and recent changes of Wikipedia and co by not triggering entries for a number of Wikidata edits that do not influence the article ([[phab:T286193]]) ** Property Suggester: We are reviewing patches by a student working on an improved Property Suggester. ** Working on improving how deprecated statements are handled when checking “type” and “value type” constraints" ([[phab:T170401]]) ** Working on fixing a bug where the entity suggestions are opened when a valid value is already selected ([[phab:T285102]]) ** Wikidata-Wikibase federation (Federation v2): We investigated [[phab:T284913|How to refer to entities that have the same IDs as the source wikibase entities]]. You can read the [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/mediawiki/extensions/Wikibase/+/refs/heads/master/docs/adr/0019-federated-properties-prefix-ids-via-uris.md ADR] here [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 07 12|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 16:14, 12 ga Yuli, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21715493 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #478 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Past: *** Next Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group call: Carlo Bianchini (University of Pavia), Stefano Bargioni (Pontifical University Santa Croce (Rome)), and Camillo Carlo Pellizzari di San Girolamo (University of Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore) will discuss their recent project and article “Beyond VIAF: Wikidata as a Complementary Tool for Authority Control in Libraries”.; July 13th. ** Upcoming: *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#72|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #72]], July 25 *** The next Wikidata+Wikibase office hours will take place on Wednesday 28th July 2021 at 16:00 UTC (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group]. This month we will also be having a guest presentation about [[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] by Srishti Sethi from the Wikimedia Foundation. *** The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_2021.07.29 next Wikibase live session] is at 16:00 UTC on Thursday 29th July 2021 (18:00 Berlin time). This month, we welcome [[d:User:Lucamauri|Luca Mauri]] to give a presentation about installing Wikibase from scratch. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs ***''Wikipedia Citations in Wikidata'' [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/07/15/wikipedia-citations-in-wikidata/ English] & [https://diff.wikimedia.org/it/2021/07/15/wikipedia-citations-in-wikidata-2/ Italian] by OpenCitations, report on a WikiCite grant project. ***''[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/07/15/opportunities-to-improve-integration-between-wikisource-and-wikidata/ Opportunities to improve integration between Wikisource and Wikidata]'' (part 2 of a WikiCite blogpost series) by [[User:KCVelaga|KCVelaga]] & [[User:Satdeep Gill|Satdeep Gill]] *** [https://medium.com/european-data-journalism-network/finding-gendered-street-names-a-step-by-step-walkthrough-with-r-7608c2d36a77 Finding gendered street names. A step-by-step walkthrough with R] *** [https://topos.site/blog/2021/07/introducing-the-mathfoldr-project/ Introducing the MathFoldr Project] ** Videos *** Tutorial: Introduction to the Wikidata lexicographical data project (by [[d:User:Mahir256|Mahir256]]) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmoSdoUcslY YouTube] *** Bringing IIIF Manifests to Life in Wikidata with Mirador 3 (2021 IIIF Annual Conference) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9Ka_RtJGBc YouTube] *** Moving Wikipedia's InfoBox to Wikidata (in Taiwanese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LH1mpw_DRMM YouTube] ** Notebooks *** [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/Articles%20created%20by%20gender.ipynb Using xtools created pages and wikidata API to measure gender statistics about articles created by a user] (Jupyter notebook using R kernel in the [[:d:Wikidata:PAWS|PAWS]] webservice) *** [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/Gender%20diversity%20in%20academic%20disciplines%20in%20the%20French%20wikipedia.ipynb Gender diversity in articles about academic disciplines in the French wikipedia] (Jupyter notebook using R kernel in the [[:d:Wikidata:PAWS|PAWS]] webservice). *** [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/Articles%20de%20qualit%C3%A9.ipynb A first look at featured articles in Wikipedia in French using Wikidata] (SPARQL Jupyter notebook using [[:d:Wikidata:PAWS|PAWS]]) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [https://searchy.toolforge.org/ searchy.toolforge.org] is a semantic search engine to find articles on a topic and filter results by metascientific info (gender and region). * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://finnaarupnielsen.wordpress.com/2021/07/17/intelligent-search-in-scholia/ Scholia gets an upgrade and 1 click import of new scientific paper via citation-js and QS] ** For [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021|2021 WMF Board of Trustees election]], there are [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates#Candidate_Table|20 candidates]]. Among them, active Wikidata contributors [[d:User:Mike_Peel|Mike Peel]], [[d:User:Laurentius|Laurentius]] and [[d:User:Rosiestep|Rosiestep]]. Community members can know and participate in the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021#Campaign_Activities|campaign activities]] here. ** Sitelinks to the [[d:Wikidata:Database reports/WMF projects/new|recently created]] [[d:Q107228569|Tachelhit Wikipedia]] and [[d:Q107379932|Dagbani Wikipedia]] are being added. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9732|URL for citizen's initiatives]], [[:d:Property:P9733|International Tables for Crystallography space group number]], [[:d:Property:P9740|number of request signatories]], [[:d:Property:P9745|translation of]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9734|Enciclopedia Dantesca ID]], [[:d:Property:P9735|Città e Cattedrali ID]], [[:d:Property:P9736|MANTO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9737|WMO code]], [[:d:Property:P9738|IFPNI author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9739|Landshuth ID]], [[:d:Property:P9741|Pladias ID]], [[:d:Property:P9742|Central records of collections ID]], [[:d:Property:P9743|Podchaser creator ID]], [[:d:Property:P9744|Steam Greenlight game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9746|CEICE school code]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UEFA stadium category|UEFA stadium category]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/URL for freedom of information requests|URL for freedom of information requests]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Legal History|Legal History]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/bridge number|bridge number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Notable role|Notable role]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/inventory number|inventory number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Weverse user ID|Weverse user ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ITU radio emission designation|ITU radio emission designation]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IRIS SNS author ID|IRIS SNS author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eBru ID|eBru ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Daum Cafe ID|Daum Cafe ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Douyin Video ID|Douyin Video ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Royal Ontario Museum ID|Royal Ontario Museum ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/maPZS trails/locations ID|maPZS trails/locations ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SDBM IDs|SDBM IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts ID|Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The New Yorker ID|The New Yorker ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Looted Cultural Assets Database ID|Looted Cultural Assets Database ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Marmiton ID|Marmiton ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia del Cinema ID|Enciclopedia del Cinema ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/PubFacts author ID|PubFacts author ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23title%3A%20List%20of%20all%20stages%0ASELECT%20%2a%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Ftour%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ33881%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FtourLabel.%0A%20%20FILTER%28LANG%28%3FtourLabel%29%20%3D%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%22%20%29%0A%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP361%20%3Ftour%3B%0A%20%20%20%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FitemLabel.%0A%20%20FILTER%28%28LANG%28%3FitemLabel%29%29%20%3D%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%22%29%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1427%20%3Fdepart.%0A%20%20%3Fdepart%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FdepartLabel.%0A%20%20FILTER%28%28LANG%28%3FdepartLabel%29%29%20%3D%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%22%29%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP1444%20%3Farrivee.%20%0A%20%20%3Farrivee%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FarriveeLabel.%20%0A%20%20FILTER%28%28LANG%28%3FarriveeLabel%29%29%20%3D%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%22%20%29%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP585%20%3Fdate.%20%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20%3Fdate List of all stages of all tour de France] ([[:d:User:PAC2/Tour_de_France|source]]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23%20This%20query%20takes%20a%20list%20of%20article%20in%20Wikipedia%2C%20analyse%20the%20gender%20of%20all%20entities%20cited%20in%20the%20article%20and%20count%20the%20share%20of%20males%2C%20females%20and%20non%20binary.%0A%23%20The%20goal%20is%20to%20measure%20gender%20diversity%20inside%20wikipedia%20articles%0A%23%20Feedback%20and%20comments%20are%20welcome%20on%20my%20talk%20page%20User%3APAC2%0ASELECT%20%0A%3Farticle%0A%28SUM%28%3Fmale%29%20AS%20%3Fcount_males%29%0A%28SUM%28%3Ffemale%29%20AS%20%3Fcount_females%29%20%0A%28SUM%28%3Fnonbinary%29%20AS%20%3Fcount_nonbinary%29%20%0A%28COUNT%28%2A%29%20AS%20%3Fcount%29%20%0A%28ROUND%28100%20%2A%20%3Fcount_females%20%2F%20%28%3Fcount_females%20%2B%20%3Fcount_males%20%2B%20%3Fcount_nonbinary%29%29%20AS%20%20%3Fshare_females%29%20%0A%28ROUND%28100%20%2A%20%3Fcount_nonbinary%20%2F%20%28%3Fcount_females%20%2B%20%3Fcount_males%20%2B%20%3Fcount_nonbinary%29%29%20AS%20%20%3Fshare_nonbinary%29%20%0A%28ROUND%28100%20%2A%20%3Fcount_males%20%2F%20%28%3Fcount_females%20%2B%20%3Fcount_males%20%2B%20%3Fcount_nonbinary%29%29%20AS%20%20%3Fshare_males%29%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20VALUES%20%3Farticle%20%7B%0A%20%20%22Anthropology%22%0A%20%20%22Philosophy%22%0A%20%20%22Economics%22%0A%20%20%22Sociology%22%0A%20%20%22Demography%22%0A%20%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Amwapi%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Aendpoint%20%22en.wikipedia.org%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3Aapi%20%22Generator%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Agenerator%20%22links%22%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20mwapi%3Atitles%20%3Farticle%3B.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%3Fitem%20wikibase%3AapiOutputItem%20mwapi%3Aitem.%0A%20%20%7D%20%0A%20%20FILTER%20BOUND%20%28%3Fitem%29%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ5%20.%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP21%20%3Fgender%20.%20%0A%20%20BIND%28IF%28%3Fgender%20IN%28wd%3AQ6581097%2C%20wd%3AQ2449503%29%2C%201%2C%200%29%20AS%20%3Fmale%20%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%28IF%28%3Fgender%20IN%28wd%3AQ6581072%2C%20wd%3AQ1052281%29%2C%201%2C%200%20%29%20AS%20%3Ffemale%29%0A%20%20BIND%28IF%28%3Fgender%20%3D%20wd%3AQ48270%2C%201%2C%200%29%20AS%20%3Fnonbinary%29%20%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Farticle Comparing gender statistics about people cited in an article across several articles] ([[:d:User:PAC2/Measuring gender diversity|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3eFe Swedish Supreme Court judges who citing reports by commissions they themselves took part in] ([https://twitter.com/Jan_Ainali/status/1416082427433390088 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3dvP Map public organizations that allow one to fill citizen's initiatives online] ([https://twitter.com/govdirectory/status/1415631226719903747 Source)] *** [https://w.wiki/3eoR Unemployment rate in Sweden by year] (1970-2020) ([https://twitter.com/fagerving/status/1417058590960013317 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3d5F Serious plane crashes with only one survivor] ([https://twitter.com/grafst/status/1416336963985154050 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3eqj Mayors' genders of U.S. cities above 100k population] ([https://twitter.com/HaydenSchiff/status/1415859831752232963 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/HuG Global usage of pronouns] ([https://w.wiki/HuH in English Language]) ([https://twitter.com/jsamwrites/status/1415284520950157315 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3dT6 Number of causes of death (P509) 2019-2021 separated by year so that a comparison of the causes of death before and during the pandemic can also be seen] ([https://twitter.com/wikidataid/status/1415144165231394817 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Medieval_Nobility]] ** Newest database reports: [[d:Help:Wikimedia language codes/lists/all/in it|language names in Italian (Wikidata, Wikipedia and MediaWiki)]] * '''Development''' ** [[d:Wikidata:Mismatch Finder|Mismatch Finder]]: Continued working on the store part. It can import first mismatches now. ** Fixing an issue where month and year are sometimes parsed as the first day of the month ([[phab:T233105]]) ** Fixing an issue with adding sitelinks for some of the newer Wikipedias ([[phab:T285919]]) ** Working on improving the Lua usage tracking for redirected Items ([[phab:T280910]]) **[[d:Template:SPARQL|SPARQL]] was amended on the 4th July to use the report #title, if present, as the anchor for the 'Try it' link. ([https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/queries/examples#Horses_(showing_some_info_about_them) example]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 07 19|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 15:34, 19 ga Yuli, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21740546 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #479 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Next [[d:Wikidata:Events#Office_hours|Wikidata and Wikibase office hour]] on July 28th at 16:00 UTC (18:00 Berlin time) in the [https://t.me/joinchat/IeCRo0j5Uag1qR4Tk8Ftsg Wikidata Telegram group] ** The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_2021.07.29 next Wikibase live session] is at 16:00 UTC on Thursday 29th July 2021 (18:00 Berlin time). This month, we welcome [[d:User:Lucamauri|Luca Mauri]] to give a presentation about installing Wikibase from scratch. ** 2021 LD4 Conference on Linked Data in Libraries *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJUszx6l_Po Issues and Challenges in optimum utilization of Linked Data in Indian libraries] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmoSdoUcslY Tutorial: Introduction to the Wikidata lexicographical data project] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B59vEET-nEk Tutorial: Wikidata: Intro to the Basics] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZukSQB8fki8 Tutorial: Writing Data to Wikidata Using Spreadsheets] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eujbI5wQfBU Wikibase: Free, Flexible and Collaborative Linked Data] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeDXzInR_mA Rune inscriptions in Wikidata / Wikibase; Sampo Model and Portal Series on the Semantic Web] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjbR4ASe4lE Wikidata In Classroom • Creating Linked Data from Books and Magazines] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ludJFf06w94 LD4 meeting: Wikidata Affinity Group] ** Introduction to Wikidata (in Indonesian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z2OwpnsUMQ part 1], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sw-uuOvKYyU part 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HS3lYlaEOHE part 3] ** Upcoming: Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Andra Waagmeester on work with Shape Expressions in Wikidata to describe the genomics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; [https://docs.google.com/document/d/14wazqg7XJM3Asqq4kFcNHCVgBOGODRp0U8yFc-22WM8/edit?usp=sharing], July 27th. ** COSCUP 2021 OpenStreetMap x Wikidata 2020.07.31-08.01 Online [https://coscup.org/2021/en/ website], [[m:Wikimedia_Taiwan/Wikidata_Taiwan/COSCUP_2021|Meta-wiki]] ** Openstreetmap x Wikidata meetup 2021.08.09 [[d:Q61752245|Mozilla Community Space Taipei (Q61752245)]] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://blogs.biomedcentral.com/on-physicalsciences/2021/07/20/typed-citations-journal-of-cheminformatics/ Typed Citations in the Journal of Cheminformatics] *** [https://addshore.com/2021/07/what-happens-in-wikibase-when-you-make-a-new-item/ What happens in Wikibase when you make a new Item?] *** [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2021/07/22/discovering-new-comics-with-wikidatas-powerful-tools/ Discovering new comics with Wikidata’s powerful tools] *** [https://www.lorcandempsey.net/metadata-directions/ Two metadata directions. Metadata practice is evolving. I discuss two important trends here: entification and pluralization] *** [https://mapio.cymru/en/2021/07/dal-i-fapio/ Still mapping!] ''"Our team has been working continuously on improving the number of Welsh place names that appear online since our inception in 2017 as partt of the Welsh Government’s Welsh Government #Cymraeg2050 project"..."we will also use Wikidata to store and share Welsh language information".'' *** [https://www.wikimedia.es/2021/07/22/camino-santiago-wikidata/ Making the Camino de Santiago visible on Wikidata] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Nikki/LexemeInterwikiLinks.js|User:Nikki/LexemeInterwikiLinks.js]] adds Wiktionary interwiki links in the sidebar on lexeme pages. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** Job opening: [https://twitter.com/wikifunctions/status/1417536522752978946 Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions is hiring software engineers and an engineering manager]. ** Job opening: [https://jobs.tepapa.govt.nz/jobtools/jncustomsearch.viewFullSingle?in_organid=17768&in_jnCounter=224745389 Digital Channels Outreach Manager] ("mentions contributing to Wikidata and Wikimedia platforms") * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9748|Wikimedia Incubator URL]], [[:d:Property:P9758|symbol represents]], [[:d:Property:P9759|bridge number]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9747|Adventure Corner video game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9749|FRB person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9750|Apple TV episode ID]], [[:d:Property:P9751|Apple TV show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9752|FRB event ID]], [[:d:Property:P9753|Wikidata language code]], [[:d:Property:P9754|Raakvlak inventory number]], [[:d:Property:P9755|Scenic Washington scenic drives and road trips ID]], [[:d:Property:P9756|Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts name ID]], [[:d:Property:P9757|Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9760|Enciclopedia del Cinema ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Plant life-form|Plant life-form]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cabinet|cabinet]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/title of a church|title of a church]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/VI.BE Platform ID|VI.BE Platform ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Smartify artwork ID|Smartify artwork ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Women Also Know History ID|Women Also Know History ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IrishTheatre.ie Company ID|IrishTheatre.ie Company ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BMC Id|BMC Id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID|Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery ID|Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rock Paper Shotgun game ID|Rock Paper Shotgun game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3gUY List of all stage winners in the Tour de France with links to the list of stages won] ([[:d:User:PAC2/Tour de France|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3feT Map of miniature parks] ([https://twitter.com/geospacedman/status/1418145496481337344 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/Wnw Map of open data portals ]([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1418120931692666882 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3fei Video games published before 1980, and their authors] ([https://twitter.com/KarlXOblique/status/1418115195998715905 Source]) *** [http://w.wiki/3fAn Protected bridges over the Zadorra river basin] ([https://twitter.com/theklaneh/status/1417510382005018636 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory|WikiProject Govdirectory]] * '''Development''' ** Added a <code>tags</code> parameter to the <code>wbmergeitems</code> API so Item merges can now also get an edit tag ([[phabricator:T286778|T286778]]) ** Mismatch Finder: Continued working on the store part. This week we focused on uploading a file with potential mismatches and the UI for getting a list of all uploaded mismatch files. ** Addressing comments from the security review of the Query Builder so we can hopefully soon move it from the test system to its proper place under query.wikidata.org [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 07 26|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat Abdulai (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat Abdulai (WMDE)]] 15:05, 26 ga Yuli, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21792634 --> == (Alyaryasie) == Ta Wacce hanya zanyi translation a Wikipedia? {{Unsigned|Alyaryasie}} :Madalla, barka da ƙoƙari, ga link nan ka shiga, ta nan ne ake yin translation ɗin [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributions-page#draft Yi Fassara] [[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''M-Mustapha''</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 23:49, 30 ga Yuli, 2021 (UTC) == Wikidata weekly summary #480 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** July 2021 [[d:Wikidata:Events/IRC office hour 2021-07-28|Wikidata+Wikibase office hours]] logs ** July 2021 [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021-07-29|Wikibase Live sessions]] logs * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Videos *** What is Wikidata (in German) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jF9sDZz4T8 YouTube] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Mahir256/syndepgraph.js|User:Mahir256/syndepgraph.js]] is used to make interesting SVG-based syntactic dependency graphs generated with [[d:Template:Syndepgraph|<nowiki>{{Syndepgraph}}</nowiki>]] to appear. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://wdqs-tutorial.toolforge.org/?lang=pt-br Portuguese version of the Wikidata Query Service tutorial tool is now available]. **'''Advisory board call for members for the Web2Cit project''': [[m:Grants:Project/Diegodlh/Web2Cit: Visual Editor for Citoid Web Translators| Web2Cit: Visual Editor for Citoid Web Translators]] project is moving! With [[d:User:Diegodlh|Diegodlh]] we are inviting people to apply to be an Advisory Board member. Is this you? Is this someone you know? Check the [[m:Web2Cit/Advisory_Board/Call_for_members| Call for members]] and apply to be an Advisory Board member '''before August 6th!'''. If you are too busy this time around to apply, don't worry: we get it. You can also help us by spreading the word! ** The [[d:User:Matěj Suchánek/moveClaim.js|moveClaim.js]] user script has been updated using code created by [[d:User:Melderick|Melderick]] to support changing a property of a claim within an entity. Please switch to the updated version if you used the other one, and report any bugs. ** New tool: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/party.php Lexemes Party] displays lexemes linked to a list of Wikidata items, so you can improve related lexicographical data in the languages you know. You can build your own lists and several examples are available. A weekly challenge is also proposed, theme of the week: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=1 Olympic Games]. * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9758|symbol represents]], [[:d:Property:P9759|bridge number]], [[:d:Property:P9763|syntactic dependency head relationship]], [[:d:Property:P9764|syntactic dependency head position]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9754|Raakvlak inventory number]], [[:d:Property:P9755|Scenic Washington scenic drives and road trips ID]], [[:d:Property:P9756|Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts name ID]], [[:d:Property:P9757|Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place ID]], [[:d:Property:P9760|Treccani's Enciclopedia del Cinema ID]], [[:d:Property:P9761|IRIS SNS author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9762|U.S. Ski & Snowboard athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P9765|Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P9766|FIBA 3x3 player ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/cabinet|cabinet]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/title of a church|title of a church]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Apple App Store classification|Apple App Store classification]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/amount of medals|amount of medals]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GRAC/GRB content descriptor|GRAC/GRB content descriptor]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GRAC/GRB rating category|GRAC/GRB rating category]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Igromania developer/publisher ID|Igromania developer/publisher ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/commentator|commentator]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLOSS development policy URL|FLOSS development policy URL]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BMC Id|BMC Id]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID|Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery ID|Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Rock Paper Shotgun game ID|Rock Paper Shotgun game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/police zone ID|police zone ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Tax identification number|Tax identification number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lessico del XXI Secolo ID|Lessico del XXI Secolo ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/The Women’s Print History Project person ID|The Women’s Print History Project person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/USA Climbing member ID|USA Climbing member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Begraafplaatsen memorial ID|Online Begraafplaatsen memorial ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Yale Center for British Art artwork Lido ID|Yale Center for British Art artwork Lido ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Ordbog over det danske sprog ID|Ordbog over det danske sprog ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Vokrug sveta Encyclopedia ID|Vokrug sveta Encyclopedia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Nationalencyklopedin ID|Nationalencyklopedin ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MPAA certificate number|MPAA certificate number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Magyar írók élete és munkái ID|Magyar írók élete és munkái ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fdirector%20%3FdirectorLabel%20%28COUNT%28%2A%29%20AS%20%3Fcount%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP161%20wd%3AQ1684856%3B%0A%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP57%20%3Fdirector.%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AGROUP%20BY%20%3Fdirector%20%3FdirectorLabel%0AORDER%20BY%20DESC%28%3Fcount%29 List of film directors who have worked with Jean-François Stevenin the most] ([[:d:Talk:Q1684856|source]]) Jean-François Stevenin is a French actor, dead the 27th of July *** [https://twitter.com/ash_crow/status/1421231692103233537 French municipalities containing the word "ville"] ([https://twitter.com/ash_crow/status/1421231692103233537 Source]) *** [https://twitter.com/exmusica/status/1421157733210935298 Most frequently occurring titles found on audio tracks] ([https://w.wiki/3jvn Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3h5R Museums within 70 km of Dresden] ([https://twitter.com/saxorum/status/1420727420399783949 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Continuing the work on the [[d:Wikidata:Mismatch Finder|Mismatch Finder]]. Focusing on wrapping up the store part of the tool and moving on to the UI for reviewing mismatches. ** Made it so that Special:EntityData doesn't throw an exception when called with an invalid flavor parameter ([[phabricator:T286275]]) ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/BYLN3ZLOKOCNJ457KPBQ36OEJ7VLIXK2/ Limit languages of entity stubs in RDF output (Breaking change]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 08 02|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 17:53, 2 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21810732 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #477 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: *** Next Linked Data for Libraries [[Wikidata:WikiProject LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group/Affinity Group Calls|LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: Wikidata Edit-a-thons highlighting Boston Rock City Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Comics Edit-a-thon, and Wiki-Relays [https://docs.google.com/document/d/14wazqg7XJM3Asqq4kFcNHCVgBOGODRp0U8yFc-22WM8/edit?usp=sharing], Aug 10th. *** LD4 Wikibase Working Hour - Next steps after installing a Wikibase instance -- creating users, items, and properties. Friday, August 27th, 2021 / 1PM ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html?iso=20210827T170000&p1=1440&p2=tz_et&p3=tz_cest&p4=tz_pt time zone converter]). Registration: Please fill in [https://columbiauniversity.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJErc-ihqjstHNcQUUinbJh3uf8_Lq-8tcRn ZOOM Registration Link] to register *** [[:wmania:2021:Wikimania|Wikimania 2021]], August 13 to 17, online event. [[d:Wikidata:Wikimania 2021|On this page]] you can find a summary of sessions and community gatherings related to Wikidata and Wikibase. ** Past: *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei1fx2BT4JI JOSS2021 National Diet Library-sponsored session "Linked Data, Wikidata, GLAM"] (in Japanese) * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:Template:Generic queries for musicians|Template:Generic queries for musicians]] new wikidata template to explore the work of a musician. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:User:So9q/duplicate item.js|User:So9q/duplicate item.js]] is a userscript that can duplicate the current item, minus sitelinks and descriptions (not allowed by Wikidata). ** Collection of [[d:Wikidata:Weekly query examples/2021|Wikidata:Weekly summary query examples]] (2015-2021) by [[d:User:MKar|MKar]] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9767|edition/version]], [[:d:Property:P9771|open source software policy URL]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9765|Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia Online ID]], [[:d:Property:P9766|FIBA 3x3 player ID]], [[:d:Property:P9768|Women Also Know History ID]], [[:d:Property:P9769|Marmiton ID]], [[:d:Property:P9770|Knesset member ID]], [[:d:Property:P9772|The New Yorker contributor ID]], [[:d:Property:P9773|Kielitoimiston sanakirja ID]], [[:d:Property:P9774|BNM bibliographic record ID]], [[:d:Property:P9775|Treccani's Lessico del XXI Secolo ID]], [[:d:Property:P9776|e-Rad researcher number]], [[:d:Property:P9777|Rock Paper Shotgun game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9778|Looted Cultural Assets Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9779|abART term ID]], [[:d:Property:P9780|The Women's Print History Project person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9781|FANZA AV actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P9782|Tax Identification Number (Belarus)]], [[:d:Property:P9783|IFFR filmmaker ID]], [[:d:Property:P9784|Index Theologicus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9785|IrishTheatre.ie company ID]], [[:d:Property:P9786|Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P9787|Smartify artwork ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/FLOSS development policy URL|FLOSS development policy URL]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Umění pro město ID|Umění pro město ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/broadcast of|broadcast of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dissertation program|dissertation program]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DDB-Person-Nummer|DDB-Person-Nummer]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GSSO ID|GSSO ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/COD ID|COD ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ARTEINFORMADO Person ID|ARTEINFORMADO Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CDAEM Person ID|CDAEM Person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ASE person ID|ASE person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Kalliope-Verbund ID|Kalliope-Verbund ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/UCLA Space Inventory LocID|UCLA Space Inventory LocID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica ID|Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SNK ID (2)|SNK ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CREPČ IDs|CREPČ IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IRIS Pisa IDs|IRIS Pisa IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spotify podcast episode ID|Spotify podcast episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fontaines de France ID|Fontaines de France ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Turkish Cinema Studies film ID|Center for Turkish Cinema Studies film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Turkish Cinema Studies person ID|Center for Turkish Cinema Studies person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Shironet ID|Shironet ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Paleobotany ID|Paleobotany ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/arheologi.ro ID|arheologi.ro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CDDA designationTypeCode|CDDA designationTypeCode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WiiG game ID|WiiG game ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3n5k Map of Welsh lakes and reservoirs] ([https://twitter.com/WICI_LLGC/status/1422569346900152325 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3pYE Gender statistics about featured articles in fr.wikipedia.org] *** [https://w.wiki/3pYM Statistics about featured articles in fr.wikipedia.org by their value of instance of property] *** [https://w.wiki/3ngq Place of birth of Swedish 1912 Summer Olympics participants] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1423610715240341508 Source]) *** [https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/eng/News/Data-news/An-interactive-map-of-all-Tokyo-medalists-birth-places Interactive map with all Olympic Games medalists by place of birth] ([https://twitter.com/giocomai/status/1423238399629070338 Source]) * '''Development''' ** Mismatch Finder: Finishing work on importing mismatches and moved on to building the API for retrieving mismatches from the mismatch store. ** Added tags for all edits done through the UI to more easily distinguish them from edits made through tools and other means ([[phab:T236893]]) ** Moved regular expression checking for constraints from the SPARQL endpoint to a dedicated service to make it faster and put less stress on the SPARQL endpoint ([[phab:T176312]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help deploy [[d:Template:Item documentation|Template:Item documentation]] in the talk page of each item. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 08 09|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:58, 9 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21855051 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #481 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Ongoing: *** Wikimania Wikidata related events ([[d:Wikidata:Wikimania 2021|On this page]] you can find a summary of sessions and community gatherings related to Wikidata and Wikibase.): **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmh2vDppNII Add a pinch of Wikidata to your web browser: Entity Explosion] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ4-lc2q8_E Documenting Women Artists in the University of Salford Art Collection Through Wikidata] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Psyyrmzkmnk Automatically maintained citations with Wikidata and Cite Q] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq1ss6WFjeE Making feedback loops work for Wikidata] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymMxPsNGI64 Wikidata: What happened? Where are we going?] ** Upcoming: *** A [https://github.com/pensoft/BiCIKL biodiversity-themed hackathon] is being organized at the [[d:Q3052500|National Botanic Garden of Belgium]] for September 20-24. Three of the ten proposed topics are Wikidata-related — [https://github.com/pensoft/BiCIKL/blob/main/Topic%205%20Registering%20biodiversity-related%20vocabulary%20as%20Wikidata%20lexemes%20and%20link%20their%20senses%20to%20Wikidata%20items/readme.md biodiversity-related Wikidata lexemes], [https://github.com/pensoft/BiCIKL/blob/main/Topic%207%20Enriching%20Wikidata%20with%20information%20from%20OpenBiodiv%20about%20taxonomic%20name%20usages%20in%20context%20from%20different%20literature%20sources/readme.md taxonomic names], and [https://github.com/pensoft/BiCIKL/blob/main/Topic%209%20Hidden%20women%20in%20science/readme.md women in biodiversity research]. Remote participation is possible. * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Papers *** [[d:Wikidata:PAWS|Wikidata:PAWS]] describes how to use PAWS to write SPARQL notebooks. ** Videos *** Guide to fetch Wikipedia data from Wikidata using Wikibase-SDK and node.js (in Hindi) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoVwprPqqpE YouTube] *** How to create an item on Wikidata (in Portuguese) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WFQ_VC4CbM YouTube] ** Books *** [[wikibooks:SPARQL|SPARQL wikibook]] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:Template:SPARQL Inline|Template:SPARQL Inline]] is a Wikidata template which allows to write SPARQL query in Wikidata with a label. It is an alternative to [[d:Template:SPARQL|Template:SPARQL]] and [[d:Template:Wdquery|Template:Wdquery]]. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [[d:User:So9q/KORP-link.js|User:So9q/KORP-link.js]] is a userscript to add a link to the Swedish corpus KORP in the Tools section on items. ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KIFPQPSTNEXVSZ5P7OOXTLELT2P22LCC/ WMF Search team is working on scaling up Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) to handle increasing graph size and queries]. Please provide feedback by filling out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe1H_OXQFDCiGlp0QRwP6-Z2CGCgm96MWBBmiqsMLu0a6bhLg/viewform?usp=sf_link this Google Forms survey]! * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9788|performed at]], [[:d:Property:P9790|Smithsonian trinomial format regex]], [[:d:Property:P9793|setlist]], [[:d:Property:P9798|number of Classification of the Functions of Government]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9777|Rock Paper Shotgun game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9778|Looted Cultural Assets Database ID]], [[:d:Property:P9779|abART term ID]], [[:d:Property:P9780|The Women's Print History Project person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9781|FANZA AV actress ID]], [[:d:Property:P9782|Tax Identification Number (Belarus)]], [[:d:Property:P9783|IFFR filmmaker ID]], [[:d:Property:P9784|Index Theologicus ID]], [[:d:Property:P9785|IrishTheatre.ie company ID]], [[:d:Property:P9786|Joods Biografisch Woordenboek ID]], [[:d:Property:P9787|Smartify artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9789|Yale Center for British Art artwork Lido ID]], [[:d:Property:P9791|ASE person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9792|Alsharek Archive author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9794|UCLA Space Inventory LocID]], [[:d:Property:P9795|ARPI author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9796|IRIS SSSUP author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9797|Royal Ontario Museum ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/dissertation program|dissertation program]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CDDA designationType|CDDA designationType]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/container|container]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/remix of|remix of]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/insurance number (building)|insurance number (building)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/numéro de parcelle|numéro de parcelle]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SNK ID (2)|SNK ID (2)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CREPČ IDs|CREPČ IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Spotify podcast episode ID|Spotify podcast episode ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Fontaines de France ID|Fontaines de France ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Turkish Cinema Studies film ID|Center for Turkish Cinema Studies film ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Center for Turkish Cinema Studies person ID|Center for Turkish Cinema Studies person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Palynodata taxa ID|Palynodata taxa ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/arheologi.ro ID|arheologi.ro ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DDB-Person-Nummer|DDB-Person-Nummer]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/CDDA designationTypeCode|CDDA designationTypeCode]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WiiG game ID|WiiG game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Svenska Ord ID|Svenska Ord ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Penguin Random House book ID|Penguin Random House book ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Penguin Random House author ID|Penguin Random House author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of movable heritage object ID|Brussels Inventory of movable heritage object ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Brussels Inventory of movable heritage institutions ID|Brussels Inventory of movable heritage institutions ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/izeltlabuak.hu ID|izeltlabuak.hu ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mapping the Lives ID|Mapping the Lives ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/MART catalog person ID|MART catalog person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Asian Historical Architecture structure ID|Asian Historical Architecture structure ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Palynodata publications ID|Palynodata publications ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/opaquenamespace ID|opaquenamespace ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/HarperCollins product ID|HarperCollins product ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Derrieux Agency person ID|Derrieux Agency person ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Lambic.Info ID|Lambic.Info ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Jornal do Vôlei ID|Jornal do Vôlei ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/GLN|GLN]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Unconsenting Media ID|Unconsenting Media ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Svenska Akademins Ordbok-section ID|Svenska Akademins Ordbok-section ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Civilisti Italiani member ID|Civilisti Italiani member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ICCD ID - Santuari Cristiani|ICCD ID - Santuari Cristiani]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Iași Central University Library ID|Iași Central University Library ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Volleybox ID|Volleybox ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Team-Deutschland-Paralympics-ID|Team-Deutschland-Paralympics-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ISL ID|ISL ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Anagrafe degli studiosi ID|Anagrafe degli studiosi ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ASJC|ASJC]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3smz List of properties which have instances or subclass of organisations as possible value] ([[d:User:PAC2/SPARQL queries|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3sn4 List of classes which are used as value constraints for the properties] ([[d:User:PAC2/SPARQL queries|source]]) *** [https://w.wiki/3tXA Concepts, processes, practices, etc. linked to the philosophical concept of power] ([https://twitter.com/kvistgaard/status/1426866855571075073 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3tm5 Twelve Times table using Wikidata items] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1426826825452462082 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3te5 Newly protected World Heritage sites in 2021] ([https://twitter.com/slaettaratindur/status/1426654183378276365 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/Zit Total number of wins for each world snooker champion] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1426503694909067267 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3tDa Who was the UK Prime Minister when each of the English Premier League/First Division title winners last won the title] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1426180453405450244 Source]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/#%23title%3A%20Map%20of%20the%20birthplace%20of%20sports%20team%20players%20by%20decade%20%28lines%20link%20birthplace%20to%20home%20venue%20location%29%0A%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Floc%22%2C%20%22%3Fstart_year%22%2C%20%22%3Fend_year%22%2C%20%22%3Fline%22%20%5D%7D%0ASELECT%20%3Fx%20%3FxLabel%20%3Floc%20%3Flayer%20%3Fimg%20%3Fline%20%3Fbirthplace%20%3FbirthplaceLabel%20%3FteamLabel%20WITH%20%7B%0ASELECT%20%3Fteam%20%3Finception%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20wd%3AQ9617%20AS%20%3Fteam%20%29%20%0A%20%20%3Fteam%20wdt%3AP571%20%3Finception%20.%0A%7D%7D%20AS%20%25team%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fnum%20%3Fstart%20%3Fend%20%3Fgap%20%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25team%0A%20%20BIND%20%2810%20%2a%20FLOOR%28YEAR%28%3Finception%29%20%2F%2010%29%20AS%20%3Fstart%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%2810%20AS%20%3Fgap%20%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%2810%20%2a%20FLOOR%28YEAR%28NOW%28%29%29%20%2F%2010%29%20AS%20%3Fend%20%29%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20%28%3Fend%20-%20%3Fstart%20%29%20%2F%20%3Fgap%20%2B%201%20AS%20%3Fx%20%29%0A%20%20%5B%5D%20p%3AP31%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP31%20wd%3AQ21199%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20pq%3AP155%20%3Fprev%5D.%0A%20%20%3Fprev%20wdt%3AP1181%20%3Fnum%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fnum%20%3E%200%20%26%26%20%3Fnum%20%3C%3D%20%3Fx%20%29%0A%20%20%7D%20%7D%20AS%20%25range%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fdecade%20WHERE%20%7B%20%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25range%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%3Fstart%20%2B%20%28%3Fnum%20-%201%29%20%2a%20%3Fgap%20AS%20%3Fdecade%29%20%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20%3Fdecade%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20AS%20%25decades%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fx%20%3Fstart_year%20%3Fend_year%20%3Fteam%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25team%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20NOW%28%29%20AS%20%3Ftoday%20%29%0A%20%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ5.%0A%20%20%3Fx%20p%3AP54%20%3Fstmt.%0A%20%20%3Fstmt%20ps%3AP54%20%3Fteam.%0A%20%20%3Fstmt%20pq%3AP580%20%3Fstart.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fstmt%20pq%3AP582%20%3Fend%20%7D%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20IF%20%28wikibase%3AisSomeValue%28%3Fend%29%2C%20%3Ftoday%2C%20%3Fend%20%29%20AS%20%3Fnew_end%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%28COALESCE%28%3Fnew_end%2C%20%3Ftoday%29%20as%20%3Fnew_end%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28YEAR%28%3Fstart%29%20AS%20%3Fstart_year%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28YEAR%28%3Fnew_end%29%20AS%20%3Fend_year%29%20%0A%7D%20%7D%20AS%20%25players%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25players%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25decades%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP19%20%3Fbirthplace.%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fbirthplace%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Floc.%0A%20%20%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP18%20%3Fimg%20%7D%0A%20%20%20%20FILTER%20%28%20%28%3Fstart_year%20%3E%3D%20%3Fdecade%20%26%26%20%3Fstart_year%20%3C%20%3Fdecade%20%2B%2010%29%20%7C%7C%20%28%3Fend_year%20%3C%20%3Fdecade%20%2B%2010%20%26%26%20%3Fend_year%20%3E%3D%20%3Fdecade%20%29%20%7C%7C%20%28%3Fdecade%20%3E%20%3Fstart_year%20%26%26%20%3Fdecade%20%3C%20%3Fend_year%20%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%3Fbirthplace%20p%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP625%20%5B%5D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Fpoblon%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%20%3Fpoblat%3B%20%0A%20%20%20%5D%5D%20.%0A%20%20%3Fteam%20wdt%3AP115%20%3Fhome%20.%0A%20%20%3Fhome%20p%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20ps%3AP625%20%5B%5D%3B%0A%20%20%20%20psv%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Fcentrelon%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%20%3Fcentrelat%5D%5D%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28%27LINESTRING%20%28%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fpoblon%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fpoblat%29%2C%20%27%2C%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fcentrelon%29%2C%20%27%20%27%2C%20STR%28%3Fcentrelat%29%2C%20%27%29%27%29%20AS%20%3Fstr%29%20.%0A%20%20BIND%28STRDT%28%3Fstr%2C%20geo%3AwktLiteral%29%20AS%20%3Fline%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%28CONCAT%28STR%28%3Fdecade%29%2C%22s%22%29%20AS%20%3Flayer%29%20%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20ASC%28%3Flayer%29 Map of the birthplace of sports team players by decade (lines link birthplace to home venue location)] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1427203256313319424 Source]) ** Newest [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects|WikiProjects]]: [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Neighborhood Public Art in Boston|Neighborhood Public Art in Boston]] * '''Development''' ** Cut save-time for edits in half ([[phab:T288639]]) ** [[d:Wikidata:Mismatch Finder|Mismatch Finder]]: We are making good progress on the tool. We made it possible to retrieve mismatches that are in the store part of the tool via an API. ** Regular expressions in constraints are now no longer checked via the Query Service. The checks have been completely moved over to a dedicated service for regular expression checking. ([[phab:T204031]]) ** Edits made via the user interface (as opposed to with tools, bots, etc.) are now tagged as such to make them easier to filter ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&tagfilter=wikidata-ui example] - edits made to labels, descriptions and aliases on mobile are still missing but will follow soon) ** Working on allowing to restrict constraints to certain entity types ([[phab:T269724]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 08 16|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 13:32, 16 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21855051 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #482 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''Discussions''' ** Open request for adminship: [[d:Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Administrator/MusikBot II|MusikBot II]] (RfP scheduled to end after 26 August 2021 03:07 UTC) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: *** The [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/WBUG_2021.08.26 next Wikibase live session] is at 16:00 UTC on Thursday 26th August 2021 (18:00 Berlin time). You're welcome to come and share your work around Wikibase. *** Next [[Wikidata:WikiProject_Linked_Data_for_Production#LD4-Wikidata_Affinity_Group|Linked Data for Libraries LD4 Wikidata Affinity Group]] call: [[:m:User:EricaAzzellini|Érica Azzellini]] and [[:m:User:Ederporto|Éder Porto]] on [[:w:Wikipedia:MBABEL|MBABEL]], a tool which creates seed Wikipedia articles based on Wikidata statements. [https://docs.google.com/document/d/140OzFz_v5Mff4WyLnPrUWdyrgbJoEDtfxg0CFdrfNzA/edit?usp=sharing Agenda with call link], August 24. *** [https://researchportal.be/nl/project/biodiversity-community-integrated-knowledge-library BiCIKL] Hackathon at the [[d:Q3052500|Meise Botanic Garden]], September 20 - 24. Theme: adding articles/items about “Hidden women in science” on Wikipedia/Wikidata. If you're interested to participate, please write to maarten.trekels{{@}}plantentuinmeise.be ** Past: *** Wikimania 2021 Wikidata related events ([[d:Wikidata:Wikimania 2021|summary of sessions and community gatherings]] related to Wikidata and Wikibase) **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS05wkMRhBE Neat and tidy: data quality on Wikidata] **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AveonN5pHwY Integrating Wikidata into the Wikimedia projects] *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1amYq4Vm4U Preparing languages for natural language generation using Wikidata lexicographical (Arctic Knot 2021)] * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Articles *** [https://kbnlwikimedia.github.io/KBCollectionHighlights/stories/Cool%20new%20things%20you%20can%20now%20do%20with%20the%20KB's%20collection%20highlights/ 50 cool new things you can now do with KB’s collection highlights] - [[File:KB collection highlights project meme English.jpg|thumb|right|400px]] ''In this series of 5 articles we show the added value of putting images and metadata of [https://www.kb.nl/galerij/digitale-topstukken digitised collection highlights] of the KB, national library of the Netherlands, into the Wikimedia infrastructure. By putting our collection highlights into Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons and Wikipedia, dozens of new functionalities have been added. As a result of Wikifying this collection in 2020, you can now do things with these highlights that were not possible before.'' Article by [[d:User:OlafJanssen|OlafJanssen]], [[c:User:DanielleJWiki|DanielleJWiki]] and [[c:User:1Veertje_(KB)|1Veertje_(KB)]] ** Blogs *** [https://cthoyt.com/2021/08/17/self-organization.html Organizing the Public Data about a Researcher] - Charles Tapley Hoyt *** [https://commonplace.knowledgefutures.org/pub/w88y7brs/release/2 The Invisible Citation Commons] - Phoebe Ayers and Samuel J. Klein *** [http://www.bobdc.com/blog/the-wikidata-data-model-and-yo/ The Wikidata data model and your SPARQL queries] - Bob DuCharme *** [http://simia.net/wiki/Wikidata_or_scraping_Wikipedia Wikidata or scraping Wikipedia] - Denny Vrandečić ** Videos *** Introduction to Wikidata SPARQL query service (in Arabic) - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nexDa3Sx_U YouTube] * '''Tools of the week''' ** Python script to [https://github.com/KBNLwikimedia/SDoC/tree/main/writeSDoCfromExcel Add structured data to files on Wikimedia Commons from an Excel sheet] (Github) - by [[d:User:OlafJanssen|OlafJanssen]] * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/V3X4DZPD72DFVWGFPEG24BRFCO6CT7HE/ Wikidata:Query Builder has been deployed]: [https://query.wikidata.org/querybuilder/ Try it!] ** The [[d:Zotero|"Wikidata Quickstatements" translator]] which lets users transfer metadata about citation sources ''from'' [[d:Q226915|Zotero]] into Wikidata, no longer needs to be manually installed. Existing manually-installed versions should update automatically, like other translators. ** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Query_Service_scaling_update_Aug_2021 Wikidata Query Service scaling updates for Aug 2021] * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9803|UEFA stadium category]], [[:d:Property:P9810|mix or remix of]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9799|Palynodata taxa ID]], [[:d:Property:P9800|CDDA designationTypeCode]], [[:d:Property:P9801|PsycNET ID]], [[:d:Property:P9802|Penguin Random House author ID]], [[:d:Property:P9804|Palynodata publications ID]], [[:d:Property:P9805|Mapping the Lives ID]], [[:d:Property:P9806|WiiG game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9807|SNK ID]], [[:d:Property:P9808|arheologi.ro ID]], [[:d:Property:P9809|Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica ID]], [[:d:Property:P9811|Asian Historical Architecture structure ID]], [[:d:Property:P9812|Likee username]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hunting areas|hunting areas]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of evacuated|number of evacuated]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/External wiki|External wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Код Энциклопедия ислама (второе издание)|Код Энциклопедия ислама (второе издание)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SCTA ID|SCTA ID]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/TeamNL player ID|TeamNL player ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Finnish National Gallery ID|Finnish National Gallery ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Online Begraafplaatsen memorial ID|Online Begraafplaatsen memorial ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NDL earlier law ID|NDL earlier law ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Cinemaitaliano IDs|Cinemaitaliano IDs]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/KNHB ID|KNHB ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Deutsche-Sporthilfe-ID|Deutsche-Sporthilfe-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Convict Records ID|Convict Records ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Medical Pioneers Index|Australian Medical Pioneers Index]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YouTube Music|YouTube Music]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gujarati Vishwakosh entry|Gujarati Vishwakosh entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiApiary farm|WikiApiary farm]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/copyright registration|copyright registration]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mozilla extension ID|Mozilla extension ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NRK TV-ID|NRK TV-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale ID|Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ECO code|ECO code]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://w.wiki/3uee Predicates implicated in non-scholarly-article item bloat] ([https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Request_a_query&oldid=1482702473#Because_I_suck_at_aggregation source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3vM6 Church of Scotland Synods as Geoshapes] ([https://twitter.com/MappingScotsRef/status/1428314437967024128 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/36sk Map of the origin of Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts], [https://w.wiki/36sj current location] ([https://twitter.com/joseagush/status/1428178906746560516 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3wfm Current principal local authorities in England] * '''Development''' ** Deployed the new shiny Query Builder to https://query.wikidata.org/querybuilder ** Edits to labels, descriptions and aliases on mobile are now also tagged as edits made via the user interface. All edits made via the user interface are now tagged as such. ([[phab:T286775]]) ** ArticlePlaceholder pages will now indicate that they are generated by the ArticlePlaceholder thanks to a patch by Luca ([[phab:T124191]]) ** Working on making it possible to restrict constraints to certain entity types ([[phab:T269724]]) ** Adding a new constraint type to ensure Items have a label in a certain language ([[phab:T195178]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 08 23|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 14:47, 23 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21924361 --> == Wikidata weekly summary #483 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.''</div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; -webkit-column-width: 400px; -moz-column-width: 400px; column-width: 400px;"> * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Events|Events]]''' ** Upcoming: *** [https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Edit-a-thon/Atividades_em_portugu%C3%AAs/Wikidata_Lab_XXXI Wikidata Labs XXXI] in English on the topic of [[d:Wikidata:Reimagining Wikidata from the margins|Reimagining Wikidata from the margins]], August 31 *** LIVE Wikidata editing #51 - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ6OfgE7UQc YouTube], [https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikidataCommunity/permalink/3039673576317799/ Facebook], September 4 at 18:00 UTC *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Swedish_online_editathon#Träff_#77|Online Wikidata meetup in Swedish #77]], September 5 *** [[d:Wikidata:Events/Data Quality Days 2021|Data Quality Days]], September 8-15, a series of community-powered events on the topic of data quality. If you're interested in presenting a tool or a topic, feel free to add something to the schedule. *** [[d:Wikidata:Events#Wikidata_bug_triage_hour|Wikidata Bug Triage Hour]] about data quality, September 13 *** [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/UGIU2MOIQOGUPFWFEUJAU57NUSSDIH6I/ Upcoming Search Platform Office Hours—September 1st, 2021] Come with anything related to Wikimedia search, Wikidata Query Service, Wikimedia Commons Query Service, etc.! ** Past *** Wikibase Live session (August 26th, 2021) [[m:Wikibase Community User Group/Meetings/2021-08-26|logs]] *** RubyConfTW 2021 **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FoR4PcKKG6g Wikidata basics] (in Chinese) **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGKZI69ZK2E Wikidata and Open Streetmaps] (in Chinese) **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFhYVy_yUm4 Using the MediaWiki open data API to solve data description problems] (in Chinese) **** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ywAIqOzCdQ Moving Wikipedia's Infobox to Wikidata's Property:Taiwanese place names] (in Chinese) * '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Press coverage|Press, articles, blog posts, videos]]''' ** Blogs *** [https://science.thewire.in/the-sciences/citations-open-knowledge-metadata-wiki-journals/ Why Are Citations Not Part of Discussions on Open Knowledge?] *** [https://www.elledecor.com/it/lifestyle/a37405516/toponomastica-mapping-diversity/ Mapping Diversity Puts The Gender Gap of Toponymy On Paper] (in Italian) ** Videos *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBzRW51BTVk Wikidata: Behind the Scenes of the Great Wikipedia Data Repository] (in Spanish) *** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjGHqTQAhPE Bring data from Wikidata and any other LOD Knowledge Graph to your Roam graph] ** Notebooks *** [https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:PAC2/articles-created-P31.ipynb What are the Wikipedia articles you've created about?] a notebook which show how to compute statistics about the articles you've created in Wikipedia by "instance of" (P31) property [[File:Wikidata2Ical-cccamp2015.png|thumb|Wikidata2Ical]] * '''Tool of the week''' ** [[d:User:Shisma/wikidata2ical.js|Wikidata2ical]] provides an ical file for each wikidata entity that has [[:d:Property:P580|start time (P580)]] and [[:d:Property:P582|end time (P582)]]. * '''Other Noteworthy Stuff''' ** [https://hay.toolforge.org/depictor/ Depictor] is a mobile-friendly tool to verify if people depicted on Wikimedia Commons are the same, and adds structured data statements (using Wikidata) ** [[m:Wikibase/Wikibase Installation & Updating survey/2021|Wikibase Installation & Updating survey]] has been published! ** The Board of Trustees election has started. Votes will be accepted until 23:59 31 August 2021 (UTC). [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Candidates|View candidate statements]], [[:m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/381|verify your eligibility and '''vote now''']]. ** Nicolas Vigneron ([[d:User:VIGNERON|User:VIGNERON]], [[m:User:VIGNERON en résidence|User:VIGNERON en résidence]]) has started a one-year residence at the libraries of Clermont-Ferrand, more info and batch upload to come ** [[d:Wikidata_talk:WikidataCon_2021#WikidataCon_update_-_August_2021|WikidataCon update]]: news about the online conference, grants for affiliates in Latin America and Carribean, glimpse on the keynotes topics and next steps * '''Did you know?''' <!-- NEW PROPERTIES DO NOT REMOVE --> ** Newest [[d:Special:ListProperties|properties]]: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Property:P9803|UEFA stadium category]], [[:d:Property:P9810|remix of]], [[:d:Property:P9813|container]], [[:d:Property:P9831|release of]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Property:P9804|Palynodata publications ID]], [[:d:Property:P9805|Mapping the Lives ID]], [[:d:Property:P9806|WiiG game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9807|SNK ID]], [[:d:Property:P9808|arheologi.ro ID]], [[:d:Property:P9809|Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica ID]], [[:d:Property:P9811|Asian Historical Architecture structure ID]], [[:d:Property:P9812|Likee username]], [[:d:Property:P9814|Team Deutschland Paralympics ID]], [[:d:Property:P9815|BMC ID]], [[:d:Property:P9816|Kartridge game ID]], [[:d:Property:P9817|ISL ID]], [[:d:Property:P9818|Penguin Random House book ID]], [[:d:Property:P9819|Daum Cafe ID]], [[:d:Property:P9820|Freeview show ID]], [[:d:Property:P9821|Unconsenting Media ID]], [[:d:Property:P9822|TeamNL athlete ID]], [[:d:Property:P9823|Volleybox ID]], [[:d:Property:P9824|COD ID]], [[:d:Property:P9825|allabolag.se person ID]], [[:d:Property:P9826|Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius entry ID]], [[:d:Property:P9827|GSSO ID]], [[:d:Property:P9828|Fontaines de France ID]], [[:d:Property:P9829|KNHB ID]], [[:d:Property:P9830|DC Books book ID]], [[:d:Property:P9832|Igromania developer/publisher ID]], [[:d:Property:P9833|Deutsche Sporthilfe ID]], [[:d:Property:P9834|Finnish National Gallery artwork ID]], [[:d:Property:P9835|Igromania series ID]], [[:d:Property:P9836|National Diet Library Persistent ID]], [[:d:Property:P9837|Svenska ord ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPERTIES --> <!-- NEW PROPOSALS DO NOT REMOVE --> ** New [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal|property proposals]] to review: *** General datatypes: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of evacuated|number of evacuated]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/External wiki|External wiki]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Код Энциклопедия ислама (второе издание)|Код Энциклопедия ислама (второе издание)]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/SCTA ID|SCTA ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/uses natural resource|uses natural resource]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/created for|created for]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/number of triples|number of triples]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/reprinted in|reprinted in]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Eneström Number|Eneström Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/літературний редактор|літературний редактор]] *** External identifiers: [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Convict Records ID|Convict Records ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Australian Medical Pioneers Index|Australian Medical Pioneers Index]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/YouTube Music|YouTube Music]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Gujarati Vishwakosh entry|Gujarati Vishwakosh entry]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/WikiApiary farm|WikiApiary farm]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/copyright registration|copyright registration]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Mozilla extension ID|Mozilla extension ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/NRK TV-ID|NRK TV-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale ID|Enciclopedia dell'Arte Medievale ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/ECO code|ECO code]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Government Publications Number|Government Publications Number]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Food.com ID|Food.com ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dewan Negara ID|Dewan Negara ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Dewan Rakyat ID|Dewan Rakyat ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/BBC Food ID|BBC Food ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IRIS UNIPV author ID|IRIS UNIPV author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IRIS Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II author ID|IRIS Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/IndieMag game ID|IndieMag game ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Bleus Handisport-ID|Bleus Handisport-ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overnia|Overnia]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Edizioni Ares author ID|Edizioni Ares author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/hmmlid|hmmlid]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/e-Maapõu stratigraphy ID|e-Maapõu stratigraphy ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Al-Jazeera author ID|Al-Jazeera author ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Naver Post member ID|Naver Post member ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/eAmbrosia ID|eAmbrosia ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/DC Character ID|DC Character ID]], [[:d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Postimees topic ID|Postimees topic ID]] <!-- END NEW PROPOSALS --> ** Query examples: *** [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fx_coords%22%2C%22%3Frgb%22%5D%7D%0ASELECT%20%3Fx%20%3FxLabel%20%3Fdescription%20%3Fx_coords%20%3Frgb%20%20WITH%20%7B%0A%0ASELECT%20%3Fdata%20%3Fx%20%3Fx_coords%20WHERE%20%7B%20%0A%20%20%3Fx%20p%3AP2044%2Fpsn%3AP2044%20%5B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AquantityAmount%20%3Fdata%20%0A%20%20%5D%20.%0A%20%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Fx_coords%20.%0A%20%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP17%20wd%3AQ34%20.%0A%23%20%20%3Fx%20wdt%3AP131%2B%20%5B%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ15979307%20%5D%20.%0A%20%20%7D%0A%7D%20AS%20%25data%0A%23%20determine%20the%20max%20and%20min%20values%20%28used%20to%20calculate%20the%20spread%29%0AWITH%20%7B%20%0A%20%20SELECT%20%28MAX%28%3Fdata%29%20AS%20%3Fmax_data%29%20%20%28MIN%28%3Fdata%29%20AS%20%3Fmin_data%29%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25data%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%20%7D%7D%20AS%20%25min_max%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25data%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25min_max%20%20%20%0A%20%20%20%3Fx%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FxLabel.%20FILTER%20%28LANG%28%3FxLabel%29%20%3D%20%22sv%22%29%20.%0A%20%20%20BIND%20%28CONCAT%28%22H%C3%B6jd%20%C3%B6ver%20havsniv%C3%A5n%20f%C3%B6r%20%22%2C%20%3FxLabel%2C%20%22%20%C3%A4r%20omkring%20%22%2C%20STR%28ROUND%28%3Fdata%29%29%2C%20%22%20meter%22%20%29%20AS%20%3Fdescription%29%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20%3Fmax_data%20-%20%3Fmin_data%20AS%20%3Fspread%20%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28255%20-%20xsd%3Ainteger%28%20255%20%2a%20%28%3Fdata%20-%20%3Fmin_data%29%20%2F%20%3Fspread%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen%20%29%20%23%20255%20-%3E%200%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20FLOOR%20%28%3Fgreen%20%2F%2016%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen_1%20%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20COALESCE%28%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3C%2010%2C%20STR%28%3Fgreen_1%29%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2010%2C%20%22a%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2011%2C%20%22b%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2012%2C%20%22c%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2013%2C%20%22d%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2014%2C%20%22e%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_1%20%3D%2015%2C%20%22f%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%22ERROR%22%0A%20%20%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen_hex1%20%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28FLOOR%28%3Fgreen%20-%20%2816%20%2a%20xsd%3Ainteger%28%20%3Fgreen%20%2F%2016%20%29%29%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen_2%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%20COALESCE%28%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3C%2010%2C%20STR%28%3Fgreen_2%29%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2010%2C%20%22a%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2011%2C%20%22b%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2012%2C%20%22c%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2013%2C%20%22d%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2014%2C%20%22e%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20IF%28%3Fgreen_2%20%3D%2015%2C%20%22f%22%2C%201%2F0%29%2C%0A%20%20%20%20%22ERROR%22%0A%20%20%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen_hex2%20%29%0A%20%20BIND%20%28CONCAT%28STR%28%3Fgreen_hex1%29%2C%20STR%28%3Fgreen_hex2%29%29%20AS%20%3Fgreen_hex%20%29%0A%0A%20%20BIND%20%28CONCAT%28%2200%22%2C%20STR%28%3Fgreen_hex%29%2C%20%2200%22%29%20AS%20%3Frgb%29%20%20%20%0A%7D Map of Items in Sweden with coordinate location and elevation above sea-level statements] ([https://twitter.com/salgo60/status/1431174259045453825 Source]) *** [https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%7B%22hide%22%3A%5B%22%3Fcoords%22%20%5D%7D%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3FitemLabel%20%3Fdesc%20%3Fcoords%20WITH%20%7B%0A%20%20%0ASELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Flon%20%3Flat%20%3Fcoords%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ515%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP17%20wd%3AQ145%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20p%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20ps%3AP625%20%3Fcoords%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20psv%3AP625%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLongitude%20%3Flon%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20wikibase%3AgeoLatitude%20%20%3Flat%3B%20%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%5D%20.%0A%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Flat%20%3E%2040%29%20%23%20filtering%20out%20British%20Oversea%20Terrroties%0A%7D%20%7D%20AS%20%25cities%20%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fdesc%20%3Fcoords%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25cities%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%22Most%20easterly%22%20AS%20%3Fdesc%29%20%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20DESC%20%28%3Flon%29%20%0ALIMIT%201%20%7D%20AS%20%25easterly%20%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fdesc%20%3Fcoords%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25cities%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%22Most%20westerly%22%20AS%20%3Fdesc%29%20%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20ASC%20%28%3Flon%29%20%0ALIMIT%201%20%7D%20AS%20%25westerly%20%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fdesc%20%3Fcoords%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25cities%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%22Most%20northerly%22%20AS%20%3Fdesc%29%20%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20DESC%20%28%3Flat%29%20%0ALIMIT%201%20%7D%20AS%20%25northerly%20%0AWITH%20%7B%20SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Fdesc%20%3Fcoords%20%7B%0A%20%20INCLUDE%20%25cities%20%0A%20%20BIND%20%28%22Most%20southernly%22%20AS%20%3Fdesc%29%20%0A%7D%20ORDER%20BY%20ASC%20%28%3Flat%29%20%0ALIMIT%201%20%7D%20AS%20%25southerly%20%0AWHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25easterly%20%7D%0A%20%20UNION%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25westerly%20%7D%0A%20%20UNION%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25northerly%20%7D%0A%20%20UNION%0A%20%20%7B%20INCLUDE%20%25southerly%20%7D%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%7D%0A Map of UK's most extreme cities] ([https://twitter.com/piecesofuk/status/1430113565944520704 Source]) *** [https://w.wiki/3wfm All current principal Local Authorities in England] ([https://twitter.com/pigsonthewing/status/1429800346814230537 Source]) * '''Development''' ** [[d:Wikidata:Mismatch Finder|Wikidata:Mismatch Finder]] development continues. We are now working on the frontend. First pieces are starting to be visible at https://mismatch-finder.toolforge.org (but nothing usable yet) ** Fixed an issue with unicode characters in constraints checks ([[phab:T289805]]) ** Worked on support for "separators" parameter for distinct value constraints ([[phab:T277855]]) ** Continued work on allowing to restrict constraints to certain entity types ([[phab:T269724]]) ** Continued work on new constraint type to ensure that the Item has a label in a particular language ([[phab:T195178]]) [[phab:maniphest/query/4RotIcw5oINo/#R|You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here]]. If you want to help, you can also have a look at [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/71/query/zfiRgTnZF7zu/?filter=zfiRgTnZF7zu&order=priority the tasks needing a volunteer]. * '''Monthly Tasks''' ** Add labels, in your own language(s), for the new properties listed above. ** Comment on property proposals: [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Overview|all open proposals]] ** Contribute to a [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Showcase items|Showcase item]]. ** Help [[d:Special:LanguageStats|translate]] or proofread the interface and documentation pages, in your own language! ** [[d:User:Pasleim/projectmerge|Help merge identical items]] across Wikimedia projects. ** Help [[d:Wikidata:Status updates/Next|write the next summary!]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[:d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates/2021 08 30|Read the full report]]''' · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|Unsubscribe]] · [[:d:User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)|Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)]] 12:58, 30 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Mohammed Sadat (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikidata&oldid=21946142 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == Deletion requests == Hello Em-Mustapha [[Image:Waving.png|20px|Hello]], Could you delete <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion noarchive">'''[https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afirkawan_Amurka&diff=prev&oldid=127476&diffmode=source this page]'''</span>. please ? (out of project scope) —[[User:Eihel|Eihel]] ([[User talk:Eihel|talk]]) 00:32, 23 Disamba 2021 (UTC) Oh! Deleted. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 17:29, 14 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <section begin=content/> Ya! Kun sami wannan sakon ne saboda kuna daga cikin admin a Wikimedia wiki. A sanda wani yayi gyara a Wikimedia wiki ba tare da sun shiga akwatin su ba yau, mu kan nuna adireshin su na IP. Kamar yadda kuka riga kuka sani ba zamu iya cigaba da hakan ba a nan gaba. Wannan yarjejeniya ce daga sashen shari'a na Gidauniyar Wikimedia, saboda tsarin gudanarwa na kariya akan layi sun canza. A madadin IP zamu nuna sifar nuniya. Ku amatsayin admin '''zaku cigaba da ganin IP din'''. za'a samar da sabuwar wani hakki na user right ga wadanda ke son ganin cikakken IPs na wadanda basu yi rijista ba domin tunkaran batanci, cin-zarafi da spam ba tare da zama admins ba. Patrollers su ma zasu iya ganin wani bangare na IP koda bada wani hakki na user right ba. kuma dai muna aiki akan [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|inganta ababen aiki]] dan taimakawa. Idan baku taɓa gani ba kafin nan, zaku iya [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|karanta ƙarin bayani a Meta]]. Idan kuna son ganin baku rasa sauye-sauyen fasahohin mu ba a Wikimedia wikis, zaku iya [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] zuwa [[m:Tech/News|wasiƙar mako na fasaha]]. Muna da [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|hanyoyi biyu da aka bijiro]] wannan sifar na iya aiki. '''Zamu ji daɗin ji daga gare ku''' a Ina ne kuke tunanin zai yi maku aiki mai kyau da wiki ɗin ku, a yanzu da nan gaba.Kuna iya [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|sanar da mu a shafin tattaunawa]]. Kuna iya rubutawa a harshen ku. Shawarwarin an bada sune a Oktoba kuma zamu fidda matsaya a ranar 17 Janairu. Godiya gare ku. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> 18:15, 4 ga Janairu, 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(4)&oldid=22532508 --> == A taimaka min == Assalamu Alaikum Jama'ar Annabi dan Allah a taimaka min, yau kwanaki uku kenan ina ta fama amma abin ya gagara, Wato ina so ayi min bayani ne akan yadda zan dora hotona na cikin wayata a shafina na WIKIPEDIA Na gode da kulawar ku ma'assalam👏👏 [[User:رجال الله الكوغامي|&#91;&#91;رجال الله الكوغامي&#124;رجال الله الكوغامي&#93;&#93;]] ([[User talk:رجال الله الكوغامي|talk]]) 07:56, 12 ga Janairu, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa [[User:رجال الله الكوغامي|&#91;&#91;رجال الله الكوغامي&#124;رجال الله الكوغامي&#93;&#93;]], Mungode da taimakawan da kake yi a Wikipedia dafatan kaima kaji daɗi kuma zaka tsaya domin cigaba da taimakawa. Kamar yadda kayi tambaya akan yadda zaka ɗaura hotuna a Wikipedia daga wayarka? Ga linki nan ka bi shi zai kai ka inda ake aje hotuna, sauti ko bidiyo wato [https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard Commons UploadWizard] kabi shafin a hankali ka karanta zaka fahimci duk yadda zaka yi. Abinda baka gane ba zaka iya ƙara tambaya. Mungode da taimakawan ka. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-mustapha''</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 15:32, 13 ga Janairu, 2022 (UTC) == Flower of the month == [[File:Hibiscus cannabinus (6254320040).jpg|thumb|<center>Hibiscus cannabinus</center>]] Hi Em-mustapha For your huge efforts on Hausa Wikipedia I want to award you with the [[:als:Wikipedia:Blueme vum Monet|Flower of the month]]. Best regards, –[[User:Holder|Holder]] ([[User talk:Holder|talk]]) 05:20, 1 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) :Thanks [[User:Holder|Holder]]. Regards [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 18:51, 1 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Em-mustapha}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Hausa Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 14:28, 14 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) :Hi [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]], I have voted already and yes, I will keep reminding our editors to cast their votes too. Nagode da tunatarwa [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 17:14, 14 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) == Campaigns Product Update #3 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *'''Proposal to create new namespaces''': We have proposed to create two namespaces, which are “'''Event'''” and “'''Event talk'''.” This way, we can easily create an Event Center that pulls data from event pages. This Event Center may include tools to create event pages with registration support, a calendar of events, and event statistics, among other features. More importantly, the Event Center will highlight organizing as an essential part of the Wikimedia movement. Please give us feedback on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296280 Phabricator] or [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_March_2022_update|Meta]] about our proposal to create two new namespaces. *'''Engineering updates''': We are excited that we have finished hiring for our engineering team! Three engineers and an engineering manager have joined our team since our last update. In the last few months, they have conducted technical planning and launched the building phase of the project. They are now building the registration tool. You can see the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|updated team on meta]]. *'''Design updates''': We conducted usability tests with a small group of testers for early feedback on the desktop wireframes. After collecting this feedback, we have developed a new version for desktop wireframes, which will be ready to share in the next few weeks. These desktop wireframes display the user flow of two experiences: one for organizers who want to add registration to their event pages, and another for participants who want to register for an event. Additionally, the design team is also currently working on the first version of mobile wireframes, which will be shared during the next office hour. ::1. View the latest desktop wireframes in '''Figma''' for [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1899%3A44995&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1899%3A44995&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Campaign Organizer Prototype] and [https://www.figma.com/proto/h0iZo5Tj6LHpsFDsInWiG0/Pilot---Event-Registration?node-id=1998%3A49612&scaling=min-zoom&page-id=1472%3A36710&starting-point-node-id=1998%3A49612&show-proto-sidebar=1&hide-ui=1 Participant Registration Prototype]. ::2. [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration#Feedback_on_project_principles_&_wireframes_(October_2021)|Leave us some feedback]] on the desktop wireframes. Note that we haven’t posted the newest version of the desktop wireframes on the project page yet, but we will soon (and you can feel free to add feedback on any version you have seen). *'''Ambassador updates''': Three product ambassadors for the Arabic, French and Swahili communities have now joined our team! They will help us collect feedback from Wikimedia communities about the project and understand the needs of organizers, through gathering first-hand information. These ambassadors are immersed as actual members of these communities, so they will also help us identify the needs of the organizers in our pilot communities. The ambassadors are: [[m:User:Bachounda (WMF)|'''M. Bachounda''']] for Arabic communities, [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|'''Georges Fodouop''']] for French communities, and [[m:User:AMtavangu (WMF)|'''Antoni Mtavangu''']] for Swahili communities. '''What is next?''' :'''Next Office Hour''': We will be holding an office hour on '''March 31, 2022''' at 15:00 UTC, which will be conducted via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 '''Zoom''']. We invite everyone to attend, and we really hope to see you! The focus will be on the Registration Tool. The team will also be providing community updates on the usability test findings and design highlights for the wireframes. We will also share our current Project timeline and answer any questions you may have. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 03|Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!]] :In a few months, we are expecting to have the early testable version of the tool. By then, the team will be doing the first round of general testing and gathering feedback. We are looking forward to adding more features on the tool such as communication support, potentially by the end of this year. If you know other organizers that might be interested in following these developments, please recommend that they [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|subscribe to the newsletter]]. We want to receive as much feedback as we can. Thank you! '''The Campaign Product Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:26, 22 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23033286 --> == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - March 31, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The Campaign Product Team will be hosting the next office hour to share exciting updates on the Registration Tool and new proposed namespaces for events. We will also be sharing community updates on the usability tests and design highlights of the latest mobile and desktop wireframes. Join us and share your thoughts on these developments! :Date: '''March 31, 2022''' :Time: 15:00 UTC :Zoom Link: https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/82046580320 You may also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jT8fRUWjfI Campaigns Office Hour: Introducing the Campaigns Product Team] to learn more about the Team and the previous wireframes. Feel free to send a message to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you want to receive an email reminder for this meeting. Thank you. '''The Campaign Product Team''' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:37, 30 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23066888 --> == Goge mukalar "Kebabbun yankunan al'ummar asali" == Aslm alaikum.. da fatan kana lpia. naga ka goge mukala da na fassara mai suna a sama. ko akwai wani dalili? Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ([[User talk:Uncle Bash007|talk]]) 10:24, 9 Mayu 2022 (UTC) :Wslm {{ping|Uncle Bash007}}! Na ji daɗin bibiya da kayi dan ganin ka samu hujjar goge maka maƙala da akayi, haka ake so, kuma dafatan zaka cigaba. Ganin mun inganta yanayin karɓar muƙaloli da gyararraki a Hausa Wikipedia zuwa kawai rubutu mai ma'anaz hujja da inganci. Haka ne ta sanya shafin da ka ƙirƙira wani daga cikin masu karatu da ya tabbata bata da inganci bayan ya kasa karantawa sai ya sanya mata tag yana neman a goge ta daga Wikipedia dalilin rashin ingancin da take da shi. Ni kaina na bibiyi maƙalar kuma nima na kasa 'karanta bayanan farko na saman shafin ko fahimtar me rubutun ke nufi, amma idan kana tantama ga ɗan bayanai kaɗan daga rubutun shafin da ka yi; '''Yankunan ƴan '''asali da na al'umma''' ( '''ICCAs''' ), ko ƴan asalin ƙasa da yankuna da yankunan da aka kiyaye su, su ne wuraren ''da ƴan'' asalin ƙasar ke gudanar da su ko kuma al'ummomin gida tare da tabbataccen sakamako don kiyaye bambancin halittu da al'adu. A cikin ICCAs, akwai cigaba, farfaɗowa, ko gyare-gyare na al'adun gargajiya (wasu daga cikinsu sun samo asali ne) da / ko sababbin tsare-tsare sun yi'''! Gaskiya wannan fassara bai da ma'ana kuma har komawa na yi zuwa asalin shafin ta turanci amma banga wannan bayanin ya dace da wancan ba. Dafatan za'a gyara kuma ko kaima ina neman a duk sanda ka ga maƙala mara ingancin rubutu ko wani abu kawai sanya wa shafin wannan tag ɗin '''<nowiki>{{delete}} ko {{delete|sai gajeren bayani game da dalilin ka na a goge ta.}}</nowiki>''', ina gani ko wani Admin ya gani zai duba kuma za'a goge shafin da wuri. Nagode. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 16:36, 9 Mayu 2022 (UTC) ::Ok nagane.. kuma naji dadin bayanan ka. Amma ina ga kaman zaifi idan aka fara kira don inganta wannan mukala farko kafin a goge, idan aka dan bada dama watakila a inganta su, saboda a halin yanzu ina bin sahun duk mukalar da na fassara ina kara inganta fassarorin ta hanyar kamanta su da ainihin mukalun na harshen turanci. Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ([[User talk:Uncle Bash007|talk]]) 23:37, 9 Mayu 2022 (UTC) :::{{Ping|Uncle Bash007}}, bani tunanin a yadda muke yanzu hakan zai yi nasara, ganin irin yadda aka yi ta yi a baya, mutane suna ta wallafa shirmen rubutu a matsayin muƙala ko fassara da sauran su. Gaskiya tun kafin mutum ya wallafa muƙala ne yakamata ta zama ya inganta ta, ba wai sai bayan an ƙirƙire ta bane sannan a fara neman a gyara. Akwai standard a kowace Wikipedia wannan Wikipedia ɗin muma dole mu tsaya mu tabbatar komi yana tafiya daidai domin akwai hakki a komai, hatta ilimi yana da hakkinsa, kar mutum ya ɓoye shi kuma kar ya bada akasin shi. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 06:45, 10 Mayu 2022 (UTC) ::::ok mashaa Allahu.. nagane kuma za'a kara gyarawa. Nagode[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ([[User talk:Uncle Bash007|talk]]) 08:38, 10 Mayu 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> [[User:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[User talk:IBrazal (WMF)|talk]]) 06:41, 18 ga Yuli, 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:46, 21 ga Yuli, 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:30, 21 Satumba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Game da [[user:Boymarvel|Boymarvel]] == @[[User:Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]], barka da dare da fatan muna lafiya. Akwai wani edita Boymarvel, wanda naga ka goge mukalarsa ta wata waka MyBaby - Granted boy, haka zalika jiya ma ya sake kirkirar wata wanda na goge game da Granted Boy kuma a harshen turanci. Ina mai tabbacin cewa talla yake, ko kuma biyanshi akayi. Ka duba ka ga idan da bukatar a dakatar dashi baki daya[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 23:46, 4 Mayu 2023 (UTC) Barka ka dai [[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]], tabbas wannan ba yazo inganta Wikipedia ba ne, domin nima na lura da hakan. Na dakatar da shi na tsawon wata uku. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 00:25, 5 Mayu 2023 (UTC) :@[[User:Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]], to madallah.. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 09:39, 5 Mayu 2023 (UTC) == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Satumba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Wani yabarazanan goge shafina Mai Suna Koren dutse == Sunan shafi koren dutse [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|talk]]) 19:15, 6 Disamba 2023 (UTC) == [[Abdulrahman Thaher]] == Hello! I am asking for your help to delete the article because I see that the author of the article has been blocked globally by the stewards and the article has been deleted in many Wikimedia projects. Actually I have asked A Sulaiman Z to delete the article but he has not responded to my message and the article has not been deleted by him [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 13:18, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :You can see [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/Abduddaher this link] to see the block and [https://m.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q20411708&action=history this link] to see the Wikimedia project that removed the article. Regards [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 13:19, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :Alright, which article are you referring to? [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 13:21, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) ::Alright, done! [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] <sup><samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp></sup> 13:22, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :::Thank you! You can also see the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:Sockpuppet_investigations/Abduddaher inspection page on English] and [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V%C3%A9rificateur_d%27utilisateurs/Requ%C3%AAtes/mai_2025#Abduddaher,_Maxpro2025_-_7_mai French Wikipedia] that he was proven to have misused his account to prevent the deletion of Abdulrahman Thaher's article [[User:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[User talk:Badak Jawa|talk]]) 13:27, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :::@[[User:Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]] I noticed that there is a claim from someone saying that the creator of this page is the same person mentioned in it and that he is promoting himself, but when I reviewed the article's history, I noticed that the translator of the article is someone from another country (I think from an African country) and has no relation to the person mentioned in the article, who is a well-known director and actor from Palestine. How can this misleading request be responded to and the article deleted so easily without checking the history and without reviewing the creation date, and without even putting the article up for discussion?? [[Musamman:Contributions/46.43.127.248|46.43.127.248]] 21:52, 24 Mayu 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 27. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/13|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Laptop with Wikipedia "W" illustration.png|The Wikimania Hackathon 2025 inviting project ideas.|alt=Laptop with Wikipedia "W" illustration|thumb]] '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimania Hackathon 2025''': The Wikimania Hackathon 2025 is inviting you to [[diffblog:2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/|submit your project idea]]. *'''WikiWomen* Summit 2025''': [[wikimania:2025:WikiWomen* Summit|The WikiWomen* Summit 2025]] will take place in a hybrid format on 5th August, the pre-conference day of Wikimania 2025. [[diffblog:2025/06/27/wikiwomen-summit-2025-weaving-inclusive-futures-together/|Register now]]. *'''WikiIndaba 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/06/24/wikiindaba-2025-call-for-scholarship-applications-program-submission/|The scholarship applications and program submissions]] are open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. *'''WikiCon Brasil 2025''': [[wmbr:WikiCon Brasil 2025|WikiCon Brasil 2025]] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. *'''WikiConvention francophone 2025''': [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2025|The WikiConvention 2025]] will take place in Cotonou, Benin, October 2-5. The call for submissions [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2025/Soumissions|is open until July 15]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Tech News''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese; The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. More updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/06/30/tech-news-2025-week-27/|27]] and [[diffblog:2025/07/08/tech-news-2025-week-28/|28]]. *'''AbuseFilter''': AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user’s IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. *'''Favorite Templates''': A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. *'''Wikipedia App''': We have launched an A/B test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|tabbed browsing in the Wikipedia iOS app]]. This feature allows users to open multiple articles in separate tabs, making it easier to switch between topics, explore, and return to previous reading spots. The test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. We’re collecting feedback and plan to make the feature more widely available soon. *'''MediaWiki''': The MediaWiki Platform team has introduced a unified [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Built-in Notifications]] system, as part of [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]], that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications across the platform. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Hubs''': Personal, consistent and deeply human: [[diffblog:2025/06/26/personal-consistent-and-deeply-human-cee-hub-support-for-the-region-organizations/|How CEE Hub support the region organizations]]. *'''Legal''': Good intentions make for bad law in Utah, we argue in [[diffblog:2025/07/07/good-intentions-make-for-bad-law-in-utah-we-argue-in-our-amicus-brief-in-the-netchoice-v-brown-case/|our amicus brief in the Netchoice v. Brown case]]. *'''Wikimedia Organizations''': The Wikimedia Foundation and a group of experienced co-authors with affiliate background have drafted the paper [[m:Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations|Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations]]. This paper aims to be presented as a proposal for the movement at Wikimania in August 2025 in Nairobi. [[diffblog:2025/07/08/wikimedia-movement-organizations-draft-paper-open-for-community-review/|Share your feedback before July 29]]. *'''Advocacy''': We have created [[foundationsite:news/2025/06/27/the-wikipedia-test/|The Wikipedia Test]]: a public policy tool and a call to action to help ensure regulators consider how new laws can negatively affect online communities and platforms that provide services and information in the public interest. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': The next showcase will center around the theme of "Examining the Impact of LLMs on Knowledge Production Communities" and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on July 16 at 16:30 UTC]]. *'''Administrative Update to Our Privacy Policies''': Following personnel changes, we are removing the name of our former point of contact serving the European Economic Area and the UK for questions and requests related to personal data in the [[foundation:Special:Diff/518090|privacy policy]] and [[foundation:Special:Diff/518161|donor privacy policy]]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Affiliations Committee''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Resolutions/2025/User Group recognition interval period|New resolution from AffComm on User Group recognition interval period]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/13|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|class=skin-invert|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:55, 15 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=28981719 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks">[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 11. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/14|translate]]. The bulletin will be back after Wikimania with a special issue on the 19th August.''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Matatu bus illustration.png|Get Ready for Wikimania 2025!|alt=Matatu bus illustration.png|thumb]] '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimania 2025''': [[wmania:2025:Registration|Register to join virtually]] the 20th Wikimania taking place from [[diffblog:2025/07/21/wikimania-2025-connecting-wikimedians-across-the-world-for-20-years/|August 6-9]]. [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule The programme] has highlights from across Wikimedia projects and communities including the reveal of who will be this year's [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/SQKC3A Wikimedians of the year.] *'''Strengthening a neutral point of view''': An overview of NPOV policies across Wikipedia projects, shows that 153 Wikipedias out of 342 (45%) don’t have easily accessible guidance on neutrality. The research was conducted to help understand how neutrality is ensured in our projects. and to provide an opportunity for peer learning across project communities. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends/Common global standards for NPOV policies/Analysis of Neutral Point of View Policies across Wikipedias|Read the full research and join the conversation]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Tech News''': See all the 60 community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved over the last two weeks]] in Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/07/14/tech-news-2025-week-29/|29]] and [[diffblog:2025/07/21/tech-news-2025-week-30/|30]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldwikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books [[phab:T374457|are accurate]]. *'''Temporary Accounts''': After the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, we are monitoring the impact of this change, and preparing for the next deployments. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates#July 2025: Deployment on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, and our plans for next months|See the full project update]]. *'''Add a link''': Administrators can now limit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] to newcomers, as opposed to keeping it open to more experienced editors as well. "Add a link" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps newcomers to start editing]], so restricting the feature to them enables Administrators to cater the feature to that specific group, which they can do via the [[m:Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Digital Safety''': PEN America shares [[diffblog:2025/07/12/pen-america-shares-5-tips-for-bolstering-your-safety-and-privacy-online/|5 tips for bolstering your safety and privacy online]]. *'''Amicus brief''': [[diffblog:2025/07/10/our-amicus-brief-in-patterson-v-meta-defending-free-speech-and-the-open-internet-in-another-section-230-legal-case/|Our amicus brief in Patterson v. Meta]]: Defending free speech and the open internet in another Section 230 legal case. *'''UK Online Safety Act''': Court hearings for the Wikimedia Foundation's [[foundationsite:2025/07/17/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|challenge to the UK Online Safety Act "Categorisation Regulations"]] happened on July 22 and 23. A verdict is not expected until August. *'''Advocacy sessions''': Collaborate for change at [[diffblog:2025/07/21/collaborating-for-change-dont-miss-these-policy-advocacy-sessions-at-wikimania-2025/|these policy advocacy sessions at Wikimania 2025]]. *'''Public-Interest content''': Expanding Indonesian Wikipedia with Public-Interest Content through [[diffblog:2025/07/23/expanding-indonesian-wikipedia-with-public-interest-content-through-project-gayatri/|Project Gayatri]]. *'''The Wikipedia Test''': [[diffblog:2025/07/17/introducing-the-wikipedia-test-a-tool-to-protect-the-public-interest-internet/|Learn how to use the Wikipedia Test]], a tool to protect the public interest internet. *'''Equity Fund''': As it closes, the Equity Fund has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Knowledge Equity Fund/Grantee#Final round|announced its final round of grants]] to six past grantees. It will also be providing four "Connected Grants" to movement organizations who will pair closely with one of the grantees to collaborate together. *'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2025/07/12/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Content Translation''': Translators who use the Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "Regions" filter. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|Wikifunctions now has a new kind of Types]]: Wikidata-based enumerations, also known as light-weight enumerations. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Progress|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Endowment''': Sharing the [[diffblog:2025/07/14/sharing-the-wikimedia-endowments-form-990-for-fiscal-year-2023-2024/|Wikimedia Endowment’s Form 990]] for fiscal year 2023 – 2024. Learn more from [[m:Wikimedia Endowment reports/Financial/Form 990/2023-2024 - frequently asked questions|the frequently asked questions]]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Annual plan''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees approved the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Foundation's annual plan]] for next year virtually in their [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|quarterly meeting]]. You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals for next year]] and a summary of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] that shaped the plan. *'''Board selection''': The Elections Committee shared a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|list of the all eligible candidates]]. As there are more than 10 eligible candidates, a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Shortlisting process|shortlisting process]] is currently taking place. Representatives of Wikimedia movement affiliates that are [[m:Wikimedia movement affiliates/Affiliates Status Report/Archive/2025-07|currently compliant]] with their reporting obligations can participate in the shortlisting process. Learn more about this process and next steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025#Timeline|Meta]]. '''Foundation statements''' *'''WIPO permanent observer''': For fifth time, [[foundationsite:news/2025/07/09/china-block-wikimedia-wipo/|China blocks Wikimedia Foundation as permanent observer to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/14|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:02, 29 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29017999 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 25. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/15|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Robertsky at Wikimedians of the Year 2025 awards 2025-08-06 02.jpg|250px|thumb|link=diffblog:2025/08/06/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2025/|Robert Sim ([[w:en:User:Robertsky|User:Robertsky]]), Wikimedian of the Year 2025|alt=Photo of Robert Sim]] [[File:Wikimania 2025 à Nairobi Kenya.jpg|thumb|Wikimania 2025 group photo|alt=Group photo of hundreds of Wikimania attendees]] '''Special Wikimania issue''' <small>''This is a special Wikimania issue of the Bulletin. We'll be back to our regular format in the next issue''</small> * '''Wikimania Nairobi''': Catch up on missed sessions of Wikimania 2025 by [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ checking session pages in the program]. These links will be replaced by Commons links when the uploads are finished. * '''Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2025''': [https://www.youtube.com/live/yjENat8ts4Q?si=191tNJO1oPw43Nti&t=15892 The Wikimedian of the Year awards] give us an opportunity to pause, taking a moment to recognize people who make our mission possible. Learn about all of [[diffblog:2025/08/06/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2025/|this year's winners]]. * '''Highlights:''' Daily highlights from Wikimania: ** [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-day-1-celebrating-20-years-of-wikimania-in-nairobi/|Day 1 - Celebrating 20 years of Wikimania]], ** [[diffblog:2025/08/07/wikimania-2025-day-2-technology-in-a-changing-world/|Day 2 - Technology in a changing world]], ** [[diffblog:2025/08/08/wikimania-2025-day-3-connecting-with-africa/|Day 3 - Connecting with communities in Africa]], ** [[diffblog:2025/08/10/wikimania-2025-day-4-bringing-generations-together/|Day 4 - Bringing generations together]]. * '''Product and Tech''': [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-sessions-about-product-and-tech-you-dont-want-to-miss/|Wikimania 2025 sessions about Product and Tech]] you can watch, with links to the recordings. * '''Affiliate Strategy''': [[diffblog:2025/08/06/wikimania-2025-brings-affiliate-strategy-recommendations-into-focus/|Wikimania 2025 Brings Affiliate Strategy Recommendations into Focus]]. * '''Twentieth edition of Wikimania''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/05/wikimania-2025-celebrates-humans/|Celebrating humans who make Wikipedia possible.]] '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> * '''Tech News''': Some of the latest update from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/07/29/tech-news-2025-week-31/|31]], [[diffblog:2025/08/05/tech-news-2025-week-32/|32]], and [[diffblog:2025/08/11/tech-news-2025-week-33/|33:]] The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16; The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. * '''Collaborative Contributions''': [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Share your comments]] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]]. This project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. * '''PTAC''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|Feedback on the proposals]] are welcomed until August 22. * '''Watchlists and Recent Changes''': The Foundation will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages over the next few months. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. * '''Wikifunctions''': The Foundation is working on [[wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-26|demonstrating functions that generate sentences and fragments in several languages]]. This is a considerable step towards creating text for Abstract Wikipedia. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> * '''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[m:Wikimedia Futures Lab|The Wikimedia Futures Lab]] is a process and convening co-designed by the Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia Deutschland that will help us all learn more about global trends and discuss potential movement-wide responses. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Futures Lab/Participation|You can apply now to join]] the in-person convening hosted on January 30 – February 1, 2026 in Frankfurt, Germany with participants from affiliates, contributors and external experts. * '''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/08/01/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-june-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. * '''Language and Internationalization''': Read about language support for new languages and other highlights from the July 2025 edition of [[diffblog:2025/08/12/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-8/|the Language and internationalization newsletter]]. * '''Language Community:''' The next language community meeting will be held on [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|August 29 at 15:00 UTC]]. * '''UK Online Safety Act''': The High Court of Justice has dismissed the [[foundationsite:2025/07/17/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|Wikimedia Foundation's challenge to the UK's Online Safety Act (OSA) Categorisation Regulations]]. While the decision does not provide the immediate legal protections for Wikipedia that we hoped for, [[m:Wikimedia Forum#c-PBradley-WMF-20250811100200-PBradley-WMF-20250724174300|the Court’s ruling]] emphasized the responsibility of Ofcom and the UK government to ensure Wikipedia is protected as the OSA is implemented. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> * '''Affcom News''': Read [[m:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|the latest issue of AffCom News (April-June 2025)]], the newsletter that distributes relevant news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/15|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:39, 19 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29138148 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 16. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Primary lockup black.png|thumb|250px|link=m:Wikipedia 25/Celebration toolkit|Wikipedia’s 25th birthday logo.|alt=Wikipedia 25 logo]] [[File:WP25 Birthday cake.gif|thumb|Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake|alt=Wikipedia 25 Birthday cake icon]] '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Futures Lab/Participation|Apply]] before Sep 4 to join [[diffblog:2025/08/18/announcement-and-call-for-application-wikimedia-futures-lab/|The Wikimedia Futures Lab]], the in-person convening hosted on January 30 – February 1, 2026 in Frankfurt, Germany with participants from affiliates, contributors and external experts, to learn more about global trends and discuss potential movement-wide responses. *'''Wikimania 2026''': The theme and date for [[m:Wikimania 2026/en|Wikimania 2026]] have been decided: Liberté, Équité, Fiabilité (Freedom, Equity, Reliability). This edition will take place in Paris, from July 21 to July 25, 2026. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Web team's projects|Web]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Tech News''': Some of the latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/08/19/tech-news-2025-week-34/|34]] and [[diffblog:2025/08/26/tech-news-2025-week-35/|35]]: An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki and English Wikipedia for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September; Administrators can now access the [[m:Special:BlockedExternalDomains|Special:BlockedExternalDomains]] page from the [[m:Special:CommunityConfiguration|Special:CommunityConfiguration]] list page. This makes it easier to find. *'''Spread Wikilove, thank comments''': A new improvement was added to the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta feature]]; it is now possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|thank a user for their comment]]. This new feature is released for a 3-months long test. *'''Community Wishlist''': Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. *'''Wikipedia Mobile Apps:''' The Android app team has launched a new [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment|experiment]] in Italy that lets logged-out readers of Italian and English Wikipedia set their own donation reminders based on how often they read. This new approach responds to feedback from donors who say their motivation to give is tied to their reading habits. Instead of one-size-fits-all banners, readers can now choose reminders that fit their own usage, all while keeping their privacy intact. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2025/08/26/resources-for-celebrating-wikipedias-25th-birthday/|To celebrate Wikipedia’s 25th birthday]], the Wikimedia Foundation is adding several resources to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Wikipedia 25 Meta-Wiki hub]]. *'''The Wikipedia Library''': Collections from [[w:en:Dow Jones & Company|Dow Jones & Company]], including the [[w:en:The Wall Street Journal|The Wall Street Journal]], are now available to editors who are eligible for [[diffblog:2025/08/21/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2025/|The Wikipedia Library]]. *'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/08/25/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-july-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Affiliate recognition''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/HZSAJ3BK7G5KPVQWDYFSMJH2DZCE4GUB/|The recognition of new User Groups, Chapters, and Thematic Organizations is paused]] until March 31, 2026. *'''Board of Trustees selection''': [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/52HHRA5RPTSKXIB76OSD3VCNYFUTGEH6/|The voting period for the upcoming Board selection process]] will now open on October 8 and close October 23. *'''New Board member''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/27/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-incoming-board-trustee-mayree-clark/|Wikimedia Foundation welcomes incoming Board Trustee Mayree Clark]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/16|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:13, 2 Satumba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29200713 --> == Abdulrahman Thaher == A baya kun goge labarin (Abdulrahman Thaher) saboda ikirarin cewa mutum daya ne ya rubuta labarin a ciki, amma idan kuka duba wanda ya kirkiro wannan labarin za ku tabbatar da cewa wani edita ne. don Allah a sake duba shi idan yana yiwuwa ainihin hanyar haɗin da aka goge shine https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulrahman_Thaher mahaɗin wikidata shine https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20411708 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-62492-3|&#126;2025-62492-3]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-62492-3|talk]]) 14:21, 16 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on August 29. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/XX|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimania 2026''': The scholarship application for Wikimania 2026 is open. [[wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Apply now]] by October 31. *'''Wikipedia 25''': [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 25#Help us find inspiring stories to share during birthday celebrations|Help us find inspiring stories]] to share during birthday celebrations by September 23. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': "Readers and Readership Research" will be the featured theme for the next research showcase taking place on [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|September 24 at 16:30 UTC]]. *'''Update to banner and logo policies''': Feedback is requested on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Update to banner and logo policies|proposed policy and documentation updates]] regarding the use of banners and logos for advocacy purposes. *'''GLAM Wiki 2025''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Participate/Registration|The registration for GLAM Wiki Conference]] is open until September 30. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Cybersecurity.png|thumb|A better way to protect Wikimedia from malicious bots|alt=Cybersecurity]] *'''Better bot detection''': [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|How we are improving bot detection and replacing our CAPTCHA]]. *'''Temporary Accounts''': [[mw:Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] are now deployed to almost all wikis except the last 11. *'''User Info''': This [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|new feature]] displays data related to a user account when you tap or click on the "user avatar" icon button next to a username. It's meant to be useful for different users with extended rights as well as newcomers. *'''Newsletter highlights''': The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. It includes considerations about Wikipedia's declining pageviews in the recent years, how the Foundation and communities may work on addressing this together, and the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience. *'''Activity Tab Experiment''': The Foundation launched an [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment#How does this work fit into the Wikimedia Foundation's Annual Plan?|experiment testing a new Activity tab]] in the Wikipedia Android app to our beta testers. Instead of only showing editing activity, this tab also surfaces insights about reading and donation behavior. *'''Search Suggestions''': To make it easier for users to find articles, logged-out users on both desktop and mobile will see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|suggestions of articles]] for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. All non-English wikis received this update in June and July. *'''Paste Check''': The Foundation is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted to ensure it is aligned with the Movement's values. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. *'''CampaignEvents extension''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Deployment status|information page]]. *'''Structured Task''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a Link]] Structured Task has been fully released at English Wikipedia. This release is an important step in making editing more accessible for new contributors, especially on mobile. *'''Tech News''': Read more updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/01/tech-news-2025-week-36/|36]] and [[diffblog:2025/09/09/tech-news-2025-week-37/|37]]. *'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions is now [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29|available on 65 Wiktionaries]] and has a new capability to [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-07|copy function calls from one Wikipedia to another]]. *'''Multilingual Contributors''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localisation team]] is launching a [[phab:T391045#11071277|CentralNotice campaign]] to attract multilingual contributors to specific Wikipedias. The campaign will feature regionally targeted banners to reach potential native speakers. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Global Resources''': [[diffblog:2025/09/08/introducing-the-interim-global-resource-distribution-committee/|Introducing the interim Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC)]]. *'''Funding the Movement''': [[diffblog:2025/09/02/funding-the-movement-key-takeaways-trends-and-lessons-from-fy-2024-2025-community-fund-grants/|Key Takeaways, Trends, and Lessons]] from FY 2024-2025 Community Fund Grants. *'''Open Indonesia''': Reflections on [[diffblog:2025/09/01/open-indonesia-energizing-the-open-knowledge-movement/|Open Indonesia]], an event in Bandung gathering communities dedicated to advancing open knowledge to build the country's Open Knowledge Roadmap. *'''WikiWomen*''': [[diffblog:2025/09/06/reflections-from-the-wikiwomen-summit-2025/|Reflections from the WikiWomen* Summit 2025]]. *'''Gender & AI''': Is Gendering AI Possible? [[diffblog:2025/09/03/is-gendering-ai-possible-reflections-from-the-2025-gendering-ai-conference/|Reflections from the 2025 Gendering AI Conference]]. *'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2025/09/10/what-one-centenarian-contributor-can-teach-us-about-25-years-of-wikipedia/|What one centenarian can teach us about 25 years of Wikipedia]]. *'''Knowledge Equity Fund''': [[diffblog:2025/09/05/wikimedia-ghana-user-group-receives-knowledge-equity-fund-connected-grant/|Wikimedia Ghana User Group receives Knowledge Equity Fund Connected Grant]]. *'''Wikimania 2025''': [[diffblog:2025/09/03/eseap-first-timers-at-wikimania-nairobi/|ESEAP First Timers at Wikimania Nairobi]]. *'''César do Paço Lawsuit''': [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/what-happened-in-the-c%C3%A9sar-do-pa%C3%A7o-lawsuit-f91b7fb5e54b Update about a lawsuit in Portugal] and the Foundation's appeal to the European Court of Human Rights. *'''UK Online Safety Act''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/09/12/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|The Wikimedia Foundation will not appeal]] the UK High Court’s decision to dismiss our challenge to the UK’s Online Safety Act (OSA) Categorisation Regulations. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''August board meeting''': [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/August 2025 Meeting Outcomes|Updates on]] board appointments and selection, CEO search, work to strengthen Wikipedia's approach to neutral point of view and updates on three pilots around more shared decision-making and shared accountability across the movement. *'''New Endowment board members''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/08/29/welcoming-new-wikimedia-endowment-board-members-kevin-bonebrake-and-ike-kier/|Welcoming New Wikimedia Endowment Board Members, Kevin Bonebrake and Ike Kier]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/17|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|class=skin-invert|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 17 Satumba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29226349 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on September 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/18|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''CEE Meeting''': [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025|Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2025]] will be held in Thessaloniki, Greece, September 26-28. *'''Learning Clinic''': The next [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will talk about "Mastering the Capacity Exchange (CapX) Tool" and will take place on September 30 at 13:00 UTC. *'''Big Fat Brussels Meeting''': The tenth in-person gathering of Wikimedians enthusiastic in free knowledge advocacy, [[m:Wikimedia Europe/Advocacy/Big Fat Brussels Meeting X|Big Fat Brussels Meeting]], will take place on October 3-4. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': "Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata’s Role in Learning and Culture" will be the featured theme for the [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase#October 2025|next research showcase]] taking place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1760545800 October 15 at 16:30 UTC]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Web]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Wikifunctions in 7 minutes.webm|thumbtime=0:01|thumb|Wikifunctions now available on 123 Wiktionaries]] *'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/15/tech-news-2025-week-38/|38]] and [[diffblog:2025/09/22/tech-news-2025-week-39/|39]]. *'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions is now available on [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-19|123 Wiktionary languages]] and have [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12|more than 3,000 functions]] available. *'''Collaborative Contributions''': A new feature, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions| called Collaborative Contributions]], allows editors to see the impact of their collaborative editing activities. It was [[m:Event:Connection learning session 2|live demoed earlier]] and you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions/Testing Version 1|follow instructions to test it out]]. *'''CampaignEvents extension''': The CampaignEvents extension was [[c:Special:AllEvents|deployed to Wikimedia Commons]] and all Wikisources -80+ wikis. *'''Event registration''': Starting the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. [[m:CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|More information on Meta]]. *'''Search Suggestions:''' Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|suggestions of articles for further reading]] on all Wikipedias, in order to make it easier for users to find articles. *'''Datacenter server switchover''': A successful [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|datacenter server switchover backup test]] took place on September 24. *'''Activity Tab now on Android:''' Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Banners & Logos policies''': The Wikimedia Foundation has published [[diffblog:2025/09/11/proposed-policies-related-to-the-use-of-banners-and-logo-changes-to-advocate-on-external-topics/|draft proposals for policies related to the use of banners and logo changes for advocacy purposes]]. *'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikimedia Foundation is creating [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|playful, celebratory interventions]] on the [https://wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia portal page], the Wikipedia app, and potentially any interested Wikipedias to celebrate Wikipedia’s 25th birthday. Please [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#We need your input:|share your inputs]] and add your username on the [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Do you have ideas for other fun Easter eggs that work within the concept brief?|Talk page]] if you think your community would be interested in participating. *'''Regional Funds''': [[diffblog:2025/09/18/welcoming-new-eseap-regional-funds-committee-members/|Welcoming new ESEAP Regional Funds Committee Members]]. *'''Peer Learning''': [[diffblog:2025/09/21/kujifunza-pamoja-lets-connect-at-wikimania-nairobi-2025/|Reflections from Let’s Connect at Wikimania Nairobi 2025]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Progress|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Structured Contents now supports Wikipedia tables as structured JSON]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Georgia''': [[diffblog:2025/09/19/wikimedia-georgia-becomes-the-newest-wikimedia-chapter/|Wikimedia Georgia becomes the newest Wikimedia Chapter.]] '''Foundation statements''' *'''Knowledge integrity''': The Wikimedia Foundation launches [[foundationsite:news/2025/09/18/keeping-information-reliable/|a new series that explores how Wikipedia can inspire new standards of knowledge integrity for our times]]. '''Highlights from other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> *'''National award''': Wikipedian and current chair of Wikimedia Deutschland, Alice Wiegand, receives the [https://blog.wikimedia.de/2025/09/19/wikipedianerin-alice-wiegand-erhaelt-bundesverdienstkreuz-wikimedia-deutschland-gratuliert-zu-besonderer-ehrung/ Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany] for her voluntary commitment to Wikipedia and the global Wikimedia movement. *'''Supporting admins and patrollers''': Motivating, training and networking – [[diffblog:2025/09/22/motivating-training-and-networking-wikimedia-ukraines-plan-to-support-wikipedia-admins-and-patrollers/| Wikimedia Ukraine’s plan to support Wikipedia admins and patrollers]]. *'''Wikimania roundup''': A [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:RAW/2025-09-05#Wikimania_! roundup of Wikimania and this year's Wikimedians of the year] by the French-speaking community's newsletter, ''Regards sur l’actualité du mouvement Wikimédia'' (Views on Wikimedia movement's events, or RAW). <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/18|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:27, 30 Satumba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29349834 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on September 26. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/19|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Selection''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update|Announcement of the final ballot]] for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election and [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update#More answers on the Board's decision on the 2025 final ballot|more answers about the decision]]. Eligible voters can [[votewiki:Special:SecurePoll/vote/1864|vote between October 8 – October 23]]. *'''Wikipedia 25''': Are you planning to organize events to celebrate [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25|Wikipedia's 25th birthday]]? The Wikimedia Foundation offers grants to support active Wikimedia groups in organizing short-term, low-cost projects to celebrate this milestone. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Grants|Applications are open until November 1]]. *'''WikiConference North America 2025''': [[m:WikiConference North America|WikiConference North America]] will take place from October 16–19 in New York City, USA. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Accessibility for reading mockup with dark mode on.png|thumb|Dark Mode will soon be available on all Wikimedia sites.]] *'''Mobile Editing''': [[diffblog:2025/09/26/insights-on-mobile-web-editing-on-wikipedia-in-2025-part-i/|Insights on mobile web editing]] on Wikipedia in 2025 are now available. This report highlights that ~95% of IP mobile users editing via wikitext open the editor but make no changes at all, a vast untapped potential. It also pinpoints where contributors most often drop off. *'''Dark Mode''': [[mw:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|Dark Mode]] user interface will be rolled out on all Wikimedia sites on October 29. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. *'''Community wishlist extension:''' [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#September 25, 2025: A new extension for the Community Wishlist|The new Community Wishlist extension has been released]]. This will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. *'''Paste Check''': [[phab:T403680|22 Wikis are now testing]] a new Edit Check feature, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]], to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. *'''Tone Check''': The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits. *'''Search Suggestions''': [[mw:Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Search Suggestions was deployed on English Wikipedia]]. Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature is available on both desktop and mobile. *'''Unsupported Tools Working Group''': A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed to help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. The group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. *'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/09/29/tech-news-2025-week-40/|40]] and [[diffblog:2025/10/06/tech-news-2025-week-41/|41]] including about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] – a new feature to re-use references with different details. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': Don't miss the next Wikimedia Research Showcase, "Celebrating 13 Years: Wikidata's Role in Learning and Culture" taking place on [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|October 15 at 16:30 UTC]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Wikimania''': Wikimania Nairobi has been featured in [[diffblog:2025/10/01/coverage-of-wikimania-nairobi-from-east-africa-to-the-world/|more than 100 stories across community platforms and international media outlets]]. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-03|Rich text is now available for embedded Wikifunctions calls]] across the 150 wikis where it’s enabled. *'''WikiLearn''': [[diffblog:2025/10/05/wikilearn-news-october-2025/|New Wikipedia online courses]] you can join to strengthen your Wikimedia editing skills. *'''Human Rights''': Making sure AI serves people and knowledge stays human: Wikimedia Foundation publishes a [[diffblog:2025/09/30/making-sure-ai-serves-people-and-knowledge-stays-human-wikimedia-foundation-publishes-a-human-rights-impact-assessment-on-the-interaction-of-ai-and-machine-learning-with-wikimedia-projects/|Human Rights Impact Assessment]] on the interaction of AI and machine learning with Wikimedia projects. *'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2025/09/30/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-august-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Digital Safety & Privacy''': [[diffblog:2025/10/02/frequently-asked-questions-about-our-legal-work/|Frequently Asked Questions]] about Wikimedia Foundation's Legal Work. *'''Transparency Report''': Wikimedia Foundation publishes its [[diffblog:2025/09/30/the-wikimedia-foundations-latest-transparency-report-4/|Latest Transparency Report]]. *'''Privacy Policy''': The [[foundation:Policy:Privacy policy|Wikimedia Foundation Privacy Policy]] is getting [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/LEJCT6LFF35F6NW5TPSPZ7NOWNIBUHPO/|a minor update]] in preparation for Temporary Accounts. *'''Learning Clinic''': Join the next Let's Connect Learning Clinic on the topic of "Mastering the Capacity Exchange (CapX) Tool (Part 2)" taking place on [[m:Grants:Knowledge Sharing/Connect/Calendar|October 20 at 17:00 UTC]]. '''Foundation statements''' *'''Knowledge integrity''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/02/the-3-building-blocks-of-trustworthy-information-lessons-from-wikipedia/|Lessons from Wikipedia on the 3 building blocks of trustworthy information]]. This is part of the new series from the Wikimedia Foundation that explores how Wikipedia can inspire new standards of knowledge integrity for our times. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/19|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:50, 14 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29437761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on October 11. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/20|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection''': [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2025 update#Additional perspectives on current and future board selection processes|Additional perspectives on current and future board selection processes]]. *'''Global trends''': We are seeing 8% declines in human page views on Wikipedia as some users don't directly visit Wikipedia to get information. [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|Learn about this new user trend]], how the Wikimedia Foundation anticipate these changes, and how you can help. *'''WECUDI 2025''': The second conference of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WECUDI2025|Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures]] will be held from October 29–31 in Mexico City, Mexico. *'''GLAM Conference:''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|Wiki GLAM Culture and Heritage Conference (WGCHC)]] will take place on 30 October – 1 November in Lisbon, Portugal. *'''WikidataCon 2025''': [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]] will take place online from October 31 – November 2. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Abstract Wikipedia and wiki of functions.webm|thumbtime=0:10|thumb|The naming contest for the new Wikimedia project, known until now as Abstract Wikipedia, is ongoing. ]] *'''Making it easier to say thanks''': Users on most wikis will now have [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|the ability to thank a comment directly]] from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. *'''Account security''': Improvements to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|account security]] and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. Another part of the project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. *'''Abstract Wikipedia''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|The naming contest]] for the new Wikimedia project, known until now as Abstract Wikipedia, is ongoing. [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest/First round voting|Voting is now open until November 3]]. *'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/10/13/tech-news-2025-week-42/|42]] and [[diffblog:2025/10/20/tech-news-2025-week-42-2/|43]] including the community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. *'''Wikimedia apps''': The Wikipedia iOS App launched an A/B/C test of improvements to the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|Tabbed browsing feature]] into Beta for select regions & languages. Called ''“More dynamic tabs”'', the experiment adds user-requested improvements and introduces article recommendations within the tabs overview, showing “Did you know” or “Because you read” content depending on how many tabs are open. * '''CampaignEvents extension:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaignevents extension]] will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: ''Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List''. For this rollout, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]] will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. * '''Event registration tool:''' Autoconfirmed users on [[Git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[Git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the extension can now use [[m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Digital safety''': Explore how you can help make Wikimedia safer by taking our new self-paced course, [[diffblog:2025/10/10/wikilearn-course-safety-for-young-wikimedians/|Safety for Young Wikimedians]]. *'''Wikimedia Core Curriculum''': The Wikimedia Foundation has developed [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5LWTEKBENPBR3GVI2LLIPVXFFO26XNTU/|seven online video learning modules]] covering the core English Wikipedia policies. You are invited to use, adapt, and translate the course. *'''Advocacy''': The Wikimedia Foundation has signed [https://www.gp-digital.org/ten-steps-to-strengthen-stakeholder-engagement-in-the-wsis20-intergovernmental-phase/ onto a statement] that calls on governments and UN bodies to keep discussions about the future of internet governance accessible to non-government actors like industry and civil society. This statement is part of ongoing joint advocacy with affiliates to influence UN discussions about the future of internet governance such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global Digital Compact Wikimedia Advocacy Collaboration 2024|Global Digital Compact campaign]] and [https://www.gp-digital.org/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-wsis20-review/ WSIS+20] deliberations. *'''GLAM:''' The Wikimedia Foundation and several affiliates have signed onto the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/wikimedia-foundation-signs-the-open-heritage-statement-a-global-call-for-unrestricted-access-to-663931374067 Open Heritage Statement], which supports galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAM institutions) to have the legal rights they need to collect, preserve, and provide access to cultural heritage. '''Foundation statements''' *'''How Wikipedia works''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/10/wikimedia-foundation-responds-to-questions-about-how-wikipedia-works/|Wikimedia Foundation responds to questions about how Wikipedia works]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/20|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:09, 28 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29511411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on October 24. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/21|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small>[[File:Gran Torre Santiago (26058231758).jpg|thumb|Wikimania Santiago will happen in 2027.]] *'''Wikimania 2027''': Santiago, Chile is announced as the location for [[diffblog:2025/11/04/wikimania-2027-location-announcement/|Wikimania 2027]]. The annual conference returns to Latin America after more than 10 years, following previous editions in Buenos Aires (2009) and Mexico City (2015). *'''Wikidata recognized as a Digital Public Good''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/29/wikipedia-recognized-as-a-digital-public-good/|Wikidata became the second Wikimedia project to be officially recognized as a digital public good by the Digital Public Goods Alliance]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Tech News''': Read updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/10/27/tech-news-2025-week-44/|44]] and [[diffblog:2025/11/03/tech-news-2025-week-45/|45]] including the community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. *'''Activity Tab''': The Wikipedia Android app expands the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]] to all users. It offers a complete view of your Wikipedia activity: reading time, saved articles, edits, and donation history (for known donors). This change aims to make Wikipedia a more engaging experience for readers and contributors alike, while keeping all personal data private and stored locally on your device. *'''Tabbed browsing''': [[diffblog:2025/10/27/new-on-the-wikipedia-app-for-ios-tabbed-browsing-tabs/|Tabbed browsing]] is now available on the Wikipedia App for iOS. Tabs will let you keep more than one article open at a time, making it easier to explore complex topics, follow links without losing your place, and pick up where you left off. *'''CampaignEvents extension''': Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. *'''Image browsing''': The Wikimedia Foundation launched [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.3 Image Browsing|image browsing]], an experiment that puts images on top of your Wikipedia article reading journey, on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. *'''Temporary accounts''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] are now enabled on 1,000+ projects including English Wikipedia. *'''Abstract Wikipedia naming contest''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-29|The first round of “abstract content wiki” naming vote has ended]] and the first legal review had begun to determine the 6 names that will make it to the second round on November 17. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions deployment|Wikifunctions is now deployed across 12 Wiktionaries and 4 Wikipedias]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> [[File:Digital-first-aid-kit.png|thumb|150px| [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Human Rights/Digital Security Resources|Digital Safety Resource Center]] provides tips and tools to protect yourself online.]] *'''Privacy in Wikipedia research''': The Wikimedia Foundation published [https://osf.io/preprints/osf/uyxnf_v2 Privacy in Public: Navigating Research, Personal Data, and Safety on Wikipedia], a whitepaper which guides researchers in navigating privacy of Wikipedia editors in their research. [[diffblog:2025/11/02/privacy-in-public-a-new-whitepaper-on-privacy-in-wikipedia-research/|Read the highlights and key takeaways for researchers and Wikipedians]]. *'''Digital Safety''': The Wikimedia Foundation is launching [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/QYTDJWIAVWVXTSGCDHYD2SG4LZN4UTE6/|Digital Safety Office Hours]] to explore how to stay safe digitally, what does digital safety mean, what extra precautions can Wikimedians take. The first session will take place on November 28 at 9 AM and 7 PM UTC. Check out also our [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Human Rights/Digital Security Resources|Digital Safety Resources Center]] to learn practical tips and tools you can use immediately. *'''Volunteer roles for movement governance''': The Movement governance committees are seeking new volunteers to support essential and high-impact work across the Wikimedia ecosystem. The current appointment cycle is open for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|AffCom]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds Commission]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee]]. Applications for these committees will remain open until December 11. The team will host a community conversation on [[m:Event:2025 Committee appointments conversation hour 2|November 26]], at 3 AM UTC. *'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/10/26/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-september-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Wikimedia Core Curriculum''': Want to learn how to edit Wikipedia? – A [[diffblog:2025/10/24/a-new-core-curriculum-seven-comprehensive-video-modules-from-the-wikimedia-foundation-for-beginners/|new '''free''' self-paced course, all in video with subtitles]], is available from the Wikimedia Foundation! '''Foundation statements''' *'''Transparency builds trust''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/10/22/transparency-builds-trust/|The latest edition from the series "Lessons from Wikipedia"]] explores how deep transparency has helped make Wikipedia one of the most trusted sources on the internet. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/21|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:05, 12 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29590086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on November 7. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/22|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> [[File:Wikipedia 25 graphic with dancer and protractor.png|thumb|link=diffblog:2025/11/10/wikipedia-is-turning-25-older-wiser-and-now-fully-referenced-citation-needed/|Join the celebration for Wikipedia’s 25th virtual birthday party.]] *'''Board election:''' The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Results|2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees vote]] has elected two new trustees, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates/Bobby Shabangu|Bobby Shabangu]] ([[m:User:Bobbyshabangu|Bobbyshabangu]]) and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates/Michał Buczyński|Michał Buczyński]] ([[m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]]), who will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2025. *'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia is turning 25 and it’s time to party! Register now for [[diffblog:2025/11/10/wikipedia-is-turning-25-older-wiser-and-now-fully-referenced-citation-needed/|Wikipedia’s 25th virtual birthday bash]] on 15 January at 16:00 UTC. *'''Wikimedia Hackathon''': The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2026|2026 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will be taking place in person May 1 - 3, 2026 in Milan, Italy. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are open] until November 28. *'''Language Community:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 November 2025|The next language community meeting]] will be held on November 28 at 16:00 UTC. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Tech News''': Some of the latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/11/10/tech-news-2025-week-46/|46]] and [[diffblog:2025/11/17/tech-news-2025-week-47/|47:]] Wikimedia Foundation is experimentating with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later; One new wiki has been created: a Wikisource in [https://min.wikisource.org/wiki/Palanta Minangkabau]. *'''Wikifunctions''': The second round of voting for naming the wiki with abstract content is kicking off with [[wikifunctions:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-13|six name proposals to vote for]]. *'''Reference check''': The A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|reference check]] has begun on English Wikipedia and will run until December 17. This is a feature which prompts new editors to add citations before they publish an edit adding content to an article. *'''Image browsing''': Wikimedia Foundation is launching an experiment called "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.3 Image Browsing|Image browsing]]" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, is taking place on on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting a small number of users. *'''CampaignEvents extension''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. The extension offers tools for running and coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations. These features include ''Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List'', plus a new feature, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]], which helps organizers and participants see the impact of their collaborative activities. Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|upcoming learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. *'''Dark Mode:''' Dark mode is now available on all Wikimedia projects for all anonymous users! This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [[mw:Manual:Dark_mode|Learn how to activate this feature]]. *'''Wikimedia Apps''': [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|The Activity tab]] in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. *'''Usability Improvements:''' [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|Improvements for talk pages]] is being [[phab:T409297|rolled out]]. Users can opt out of these changes [[m:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in “Show discussion activity.” '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Wikipedia 25 Press toolkit''': Wikimedia Foundation is providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Celebration toolkit/Press|press toolkit]] as guidance and resources to Wikimedia volunteers and affiliates to spread the word about Wikipedia’s 25th birthday to local and regional media. *'''Language and Internationalization''': Read some key highlights from the [[diffblog:2025/11/13/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-9/|October 2025 edition of the Language and internationalization newsletter]]. *'''Information integrity''': [[diffblog:2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/|Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund]]. *'''The Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2025/11/13/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-july-september-2025/|The Wikipedia Library team attended the CEE Meeting 2025 celebrated a new partnership with Times of Malta]]. *'''Understanding movement organizers''': Wikimedia Foundation concluded a [[m:Research:Organizers in the Wikimedia movement/Literature review|literature review]] on organizers in the Wikimedia movement focused on capturing their personas, motivations, and impact in order to highlight best practices and opportunities for further support. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/reef-media-ai/ Reef Media uses Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API to Fact Check and Verify Sources]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Affiliations Committee''': [[m:Affiliations Committee/Recommendations November 2025|Draft recommendations]] on three strategic areas that need continuous consideration to best support Wikimedia affiliates. '''Foundation statements''' *'''Lessons from Wikipedia''': The latest edition from the series explores [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/10/how-wikipedia-navigates-disputes/|the art of disagreement and how Wikipedia navigates disputes]]. *'''Artificial Intelligence''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/10/in-the-ai-era-wikipedia-has-never-been-more-valuable/|In the AI era, Wikipedia has never been more valuable]]. This explainer shows how human-created knowledge isn’t replaceable. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/22|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:30, 25 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29707950 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2025 Issue 23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on November 21. This will be the final bulletin for 2025 and we'll be back in late January 2026 with the next issue. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/XX|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25_Birthday_cake.gif|right|200px]] '''Upcoming and current events and conversations'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''CEO appointment''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees has [[diffblog:2025/12/09/welcoming-the-wikimedia-foundations-new-ceo/|appointed Bernadette Meehan]] as the new CEO of the Wikimedia Foundation. She will be meeting communities around the puzzle globe when she officially joins on January 20, 2026. *'''Wikipedia's 25th birthday party:''' Join the virtual celebration for games, prizes, musical performances, volunteer spotlights, data visualization, surprise guests and more. January 15 at 16:00 UTC. [[m:Event:Wikipedia_25_Virtual_Celebration|Register on Meta]]. *'''Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees''': Join the next Conversation with the Trustees on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/2025-12-11 Conversation with Trustees|December 11 at 17:30 UTC]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Wishathon:''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#December 1, 2025: Results of our last Wishathon sprint|15 patches were written and 5 merged]], as part of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Wishathon|Wishathon]] for the Community Wishlist. One wish from the community was completed ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W265|"Preview page with this template" should not work with pages that do not transclude the template]]), and three more now have a clearer path forward. *'''Activity Tab on Mobile App''': The Wikipedia iOS app is running an experiment that replaces the History tab with a [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Activity Tab|redesigned Activity tab]]. This new tab surfaces personalized insights about reading, editing, and donations — all stored locally on your device for privacy. The goal is to see whether the new experience increases engagement and retention among logged-in readers. *'''Wikipedia Year in Review in Apps''': [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]] is now available for the iOS and Android apps. This year introduces new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. *'''Add a Link''': A feature that suggests links to be added to articles based on a prediction model, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]], has been deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. *'''Abstract Wikipedia''': The [[m:Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest/Votes|second round of voting]] on the name of Abstract Wikipedia concluded with ''Abstract Wikipedia'' as the top-voted name with 100 votes, followed by Wikigenerator with 91 votes. The name for the wiki project [[:f:Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-12-04|will now remain Abstract Wikipedia]]. *'''Anti-vandalism tool:''' [[mw:Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]], now has the option to choose between two machine learning models to power the software on wikis using the tool. *'''Tools to support newcomers:''' Newcomers failing to add a citation to support added content has been one of the most common mistakes on Wikipedia. [[mw:Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]], a tool that prompts them to add a citation before publishing an edit, has gone live for an A/B test on English Wikipedia. *'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News [[diffblog:2025/11/24/tech-news-2025-week-48/|week 48]] and [[diffblog:2025/12/01/tech-news-2025-week-49/|week 49]] include the Foundation working on [[phab:T396155|improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email]] sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful, and informative; and two new wikis being created: a [[w:tok:|Wikipedia in Toki Pona]] and a [[q:pcm:|Wikiquote in Nigerian Pidgin]]. *'''Infrastructure''': [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/11/21/unifying-mobile-and-desktop-domains/ Unifying our mobile and desktop domains] achieved 20% faster mobile response times, improved SEO, and reduced infrastructure load. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Legal win in France''': Wikimedia Foundation secures crucial [[diffblog:2025/12/01/wikimedia-foundation-secures-crucial-legal-win-in-france/|legal win in France]] against legal attacks on freedom of speech. *'''CEE Hub''': [[diffblog:2025/12/01/cee-hub-three-years-of-growth-learning-and-regional-impact/|Overview]] of three years of growth, learning, and regional impact of CEE Hub. *'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/12/01/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-october-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Digital Violence''': How the Wikimedia movement is responding to [[diffblog:2025/11/20/uniting-to-end-digital-violence-16-days-of-activism-against-gender-based-violence/|digital gender based violence]]. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': The next research showcase will feature a special panel on "Experimentation on Wikipedia" and will [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|take place on December 10 at 17:30 UTC]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Audit Report''': Key takeaways from the [[diffblog:2025/11/24/highlights-from-the-wikimedia-foundations-fiscal-year-2024-2025-audit-report/|Foundation’s audit report]] for fiscal year 2024-2025. *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [[diffblog:2025/11/24/wikimedia-enterprise-financial-report-fiscal-year-2024-2025/|Wikimedia Enterprise Financial Report]] for fiscal year 2024-2025. *'''Annual Plan Progress''': A look back at progress made against the plan [[diffblog:2025/11/21/progress-on-the-annual-plan-a-look-at-the-second-half-of-our-fiscal-year/|during the second half of our fiscal year.]] Up to date regular updates are included in the Foundation Bulletin. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Sister Projects Task Force''': [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force/Results of the consultation about Wikispore and Wikinews#Results of the consultations|Results of the consultation about Wikispore and Wikinews]]: No immediate changes should be made to Wikispore's current technical setup and archive all editions of Wikinews, preserving their content. '''Foundation statements''' *'''Wikipedia's unique revenue model''': [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/26/how-is-wikipedia-funded/|How is Wikipedia funded]] and [[foundationsite:news/2025/11/26/how-does-the-wikimedia-foundation-use-donations-to-wikipedia/|how does the Wikimedia Foundation use donations to Wikipedia]]? *'''Most read articles:''' Wikipedia’s [[foundationsite:news/2025/12/02/announcing-wikipedias-most-read-articles-of-2025/|most-read articles of 2025]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2025/X|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let askcac[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 04:50, 11 Disamba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29735761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on December 5. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/01|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Graphics Landscape of astronaut and batik maker.png|700px|center]] [[File:WP25 Film.gif|right|200px]] '''Highlights''' *'''Wikipedia turns 25:''' Time to start the party! [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|Join the virtual celebration]] featuring musical performances, games, and more on January 15 at 16:00 UTC. and The party will be live interpreted into Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish, and Portuguese. <span class="mw-ui-button" role="button" aria-disabled="false">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|Join the celebration]]</span> '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Annual planning''': [[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Key questions for the Wikimedia movement]] to shape the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026-2027 annual goals. [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Join the discussion on-wiki]]. *'''Hackathon''': **[[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Apply to join the Northwestern Europe 2026 Hackathon]] from March 13-14 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Application will close mid-January 2026 or earlier based on event capacity. **General Registration for the [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ 2026 Wikimedia Hackathon is now open]! The hackathon will take place in Milan, Italy from May 1 - 3, 2026. Event details [[mw:Wikimedia_Hackathon_2026|can be found here]] and registration will remain open until March 30th or until event capacity is reached. *'''Semantic search''': Wikimedia Foundation is working on [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|making it easier to find the information readers want]]. *'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2025/12/08/tech-news-2025-week-50/|50]], [[diffblog:2025/12/15/tech-news-2025-week-51/|week 51]], and [[diffblog:2025/12/22/tech-news-2025-week-52/|week 52]] include that now edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details which will help oversighters to prevent doxxing. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-18|The first Wikifunctions Volunteers' Corner of the next year]] will take place on February 9. *'''Blazegraph Migration:''' To support the migration away from Blazegraph as the backend of Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), we are hosting regular calls [[d:Event:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours - January 2026|starting on January 27]]. Wikidata users and tool maintainers are [[d:Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|are invited to join]], ask questions, and share migration-related concerns. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]</small>'' *'''Upcoming Conferences''': Announcing the [[diffblog:2025/12/16/learn-about-the-approved-wikimedia-conference-proposals-for-2026-round-1/|six Wikimedia conferences funded for 2026]] in the first round. *'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2025/12/19/looking-ahead-to-wikimania-2026/|A glimpse on what the team is currently working on]] to prepare for Wikimania 2026 in Paris. *'''Public Policy''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Global Advocacy/Resources|Explore the resources available for public policy advocacy work]], including explainers that describe key policy positions, guides on how to build a campaign or write a policy brief, and examples of open letters submitted to governments. *'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2025/12/18/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-november-2025/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Public-Interest content''': The Project Gayatri content expansion program brought [[diffblog:2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/|7,656 new articles on Indonesian Wikipedia]]. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': [[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|The research showcase will return on January 22 at 17:30 UTC]] with the theme "Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia and the Research Behind It". *'''Wikimedia Research Report''': The Wikimedia Foundation has published its [https://research.wikimedia.org/report.html 13th bi-annual Research Report], highlighting the work completed during the first six months of this fiscal year. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Past issues of the bulletin for progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/2025-api-wrap-up/ Read the full annual wrap-up of 2025 of Wikimedia Enterprise] and how the year marked a fundamental shift in open knowledge. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Board of Trustees''': Wikimedia Foundation [[diffblog:2025/12/17/wikimedia-foundation-welcomes-two-new-board-trustees/|welcomes two new Board Trustees]] Bobby Shabangu and Michał Buczyński. *'''Affcom News''': Read the [[m:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|year-end issue of AffCom News (July-December 2025)]], the newsletter that distributes relevant news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br /><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]&nbsp;·[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;·</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/01|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:31, 14 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=29895265 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 2</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on Jan 10. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/02|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Graphics Desktop.png|right|200px]] '''Highlights'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Annual planning''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Annual Plan]] is the Wikimedia Foundation’s description of what we hope to achieve in the coming year. This is a time of urgency and focus for the Wikimedia projects and we [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|invite you to shape this plan together with us.]] *'''Year 2 of PTAC''': As it reached its first year, Product & Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) shared [[m:Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|a retrospective and proposed future improvements]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Account security''': All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA), providing a simple and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|secure way]] to log in. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-22|An overview of the quarterly plan (January–March)]] and how it connects to the broader goals for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. *'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/01/12/tech-news-2026-week-03/|03]], [[diffblog:2026/01/19/tech-news-2026-week-04/|04]] and [[diffblog:2026/01/26/tech-news-2026-week-05/|05]] include unregistered contributors on blocked IPs can now interact on-wiki to [[phab:T398673|appeal a block]] by creating a temporary account. *'''Collaborative contributions''': Wikimedia Foundation is hosting [[m:Event:Connection learning session 4|a learning session]] to share [[m:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|new releases around collaborative contributions]] and discuss future project ideas. *'''Structured task''': The [[mw:Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone Structured Task]] is now live in A/B testing on pilot wikis: English, Arabic, Portuguese, and French Wikipedia. It helps new editors improve promotional language in existing articles through a quiz style onboarding experience and a guided in article suggestion. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> [[File:WP25 The Birthday Cake Song.webm|thumb|"The Birthday Cake Song" is an original song created for Wikipedia's 25th Birthday, performed by the WikiChoir, featuring Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons content.]] *'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/01/27/call-for-sessions-wikimania-2026-is-coming-to-paris/|Call for sessions]] is open until March 1. *'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia celebrates 25 years of knowledge at its best with [[foundationsite:news/2026/01/15/wikipedia-celebrates-25years/|docuseries, time capsule, and more]]. *'''Virtual celebration''': In case you missed it, over 10,000 people have watched [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikipedia 25 Virtual Celebration|the virtual celebration]] that [[:c:File:WP25 Generations.webm|brought together generations of Wikimedians]], featured [[:c:File:WP25 A Tribute to the Talk Page.webm|an ode to the talk page]], a [[:c:File:WP25 A Dramatic Reading of a Wikipedia TalkPage for Orange.webm|dramatic reading of a real talk page]], a Magnetikpunk [[:c:File:WP25 "Cyklepedia" by Open Reel Ensemble.webm|song dedicated to Wikipedia]], a passing of the [[:c:File:WP25 CEO Cake Pass.webm|cake baton from Maryana to Bernadette]], [[c:File:WP25 The Birthday Cake Song.webm| "The Birthday Cake Song"]] and more. All of it written and performed by humans of Wikimedia. *'''Birthday mascot''': [[diffblog:2026/01/15/meet-the-wikimedian-whose-casual-sketch-inspired-wikipedias-25th-birthday-mascot/|Meet the Wikimedian]] whose casual sketch inspired Wikipedia’s 25th birthday mascot. *'''Legal''': Learn about two recent submissions advocating [[diffblog:2026/01/16/why-the-wikimedia-foundation-is-advocating-proportionality-and-carve-outs-for-digital-public-goods-in-brazils-new-online-child-safety-law-eca-digital/|the need for proportionality in Brazil’s new online child safety law]]. *'''Policy:''' The Global Advocacy team shared a report from digital policy organization InternetLab about the intersection between the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/why-the-open-knowledge-movement-and-public-interest-journalism-must-unite-forces-b011bef63cf0 open knowledge movement and public interest journalism]. *'''Global Resource Distribution Committee''': Refreshed [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Funding Principles]] are ready for review. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br /><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Solving puzzles together''': [[diffblog:2026/01/19/solving-puzzles-together/|A final reflection from Maryana Iskander]]. *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': Mistral AI and Wikimedia Enterprise announced [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/mistral-ai-partners-with-wikimedia-enterprise/ a new strategic partnership]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/02|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:06, 4 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30007243 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 3</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on January 30. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/3|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Graphics of Astronaut.png|right|200px]] '''Highlights''' *'''Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2026/01/30/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-october-december-2025/|Wikipedia Library gained new content partnerships]], restored access to the British Newspaper Archive, and added an Arabic language academic resource with more than 7 million records. *'''Gender gap''': The [[m:Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women 2026]] campaign will run from March 1–31 to advance the achievements of the women’s rights and gender equity movement globally. *'''Annual Planning''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/| Annual Plan]] is the Wikimedia Foundation’s description of what we hope to achieve in the coming year. We invite you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/| to shape this plan]] together with us. Between now and the end of June 2026, we will have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] about how global trends may shape our future, how we can experiment, adapt and respond together. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br /><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Patrolling improvements''': A new feature available on [[m:Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-29|How Abstract Wikipedia articles can be integrated]] into Wikipedia language editions to enable Wikipedians to write an abstract article once and have it available in many languages. *'''Suggestion Mode''': A new Beta Feature for the VisualEditor, [[mw:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode,]] is [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Suggestion Mode %E2%80%93 new Beta Feature on Tuesday|now available on English Wikipedia]] for experienced editors. This features proactively suggests actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, such as "add citation", "improve tone", or "fix an ambiguous link". *'''WDQS Blazegraph Migration''': As part of the migration away from Blazegraph (the current backend of the Wikidata Query Service), an initial evaluation of open-source triple store candidates [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/WDQS_Triple_Store_Evaluation_-_Benchmark_Results_Report.pdf has been completed]. Using the published [[D:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/Triple store evaluation methodology|evaluation methodology]], performance, stability, and compatibility was assessed. *'''Tech News:''' Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/02/02/tech-news-2026-week-06/|06]] and [[diffblog:2026/02/09/tech-news-2026-week-07/|07]] include the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature that allows logged-in contributors to organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows. They also link to the 44 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> [[File:Karolina Gruszczyk 4 at Wikipedia 25 celebration in Warsaw.jpg|thumb|Wikipedia 25 celebration in Warsaw.]] *'''Funding Principles''': The interim [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee|Global Resource Distribution Committee]] (GRDC) has published a first version of the [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Funding Principles]] which guides the broader grantmaking ecosystem across the Wikimedia Movement. Share your feedback in the [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Funding Principles|Discussion]] page. *'''Wikipedia 25''': [[diffblog:2026/02/09/wikipedia25-celebrations-in-warsaw/|Celebrating 25 years of Wikipedia in Warsaw]]. *'''Responsible AI''': Why the [[diffblog:2026/02/03/why-the-global-index-on-responsible-ai-matters-for-wikimedians/|Global Index on Responsible AI]] matters for Wikimedians. *'''Open Knowledge''': Why the Open Knowledge Movement and Public Interest Journalism [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/why-the-open-knowledge-movement-and-public-interest-journalism-must-unite-forces-b011bef63cf0 must unite forces]. Shared principles and interdependence, points of convergence and the path forward. *'''Journalism Awards:''' Applications for [[foundationsite:news/2026/02/02/open-knowledge-journalism-awards-applications-open/|the Open the Knowledge Journalism Awards]] are now open until March 1. Presented by the International Center for Journalists in partnership with the Wikimedia Foundation, the awards seek to recognize African journalists whose reporting helps close knowledge gaps about Africa on Wikipedia. *'''UN General Assembly''': Wikimedia Foundation was invited to speak at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) hall about [[diffblog:2026/02/11/wikimedia-foundation-at-the-united-nations-remarks-on-multistakeholderism-digital-public-goods-and-internet-governance/|Wikipedia’s role in global digital governance]]. *'''Advocacy''': Wikimedia Foundation has [[diffblog:2026/02/11/announcing-new-policies-related-to-the-use-of-wikimedia-sites-for-advocacy-purposes/|adopted new and updated policies]] regarding the use of banners, logo changes, and blackouts on the projects, particularly for advocacy purposes. Specifically, the new [[:foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Use of Wikimedia sites for advocacy purposes|"Use of Wikimedia sites for advocacy purposes"]] policy, and updates to the guidelines for [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/CentralNotice/Usage guidelines|CentralNotice usage]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting wiki configuration changes]]. The policies establish clearer processes for advocacy activities, and require notification of Foundation staff for some proposed uses of the Wikimedia sites. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Futures Lab''': [[diffblog:/2026/02/12/from-baghdad-to-frankfurt-wikimedia-futures-lab-2026/|Reflections from a Wikimedian]] who attended the [[m:Wikimedia Futures Lab|Wikimedia Futures Lab]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/3|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:27, 17 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30053915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 4</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on Feb 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/04|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Work-in-progress animation of the Wikipedia 25 birthday mascot scrolling on a phone.gif|right|200px|]] '''Highlights'''<br/><small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Let's Talk|Let's Talk]] continues''</small> *'''Birthday mode''': This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on ~2,500 articles, waiting to be discovered by readers. The feature is available for all Wikipedias to customise through Community Configuration until 6 April 2026. So far [[m:Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|17 Wikipedias]] have joined in the fun. *'''Wikipedia's 25th birthday party celebrated on Commons''': Content from the January 15th global birthday party selected as [[c:Template:Motd/2026-02#22|Media of the day]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Etherpad cleanup''': For security and performance reasons, all current pads on Wikimedia’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based "ephemeral" editor for real-time collaborative document editing, [[m:Talk:Etherpad#Etherpad wipe/deletion/clean slate proposal|will be permanently deleted after 30 April]]. We will continue running this Etherpad instance to support events and other short-term collaboration, but will be periodically deleting data going forward. If you have content in Etherpad you want to keep, please create local backups, as data will be permanently deleted and will not be able to be recovered. *'''Activity tab''': Wikipedia iOS app has rolled out the improved [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Activity Tab|Activity tab]] to all users in version 7.9.0. A/B test results showed increased account creation among users with access to the feature. Updates include enhanced editing impact insights, module customization, and relocation of History into the Search tab. *'''Reference Check''': The feature [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to all Wikipedias. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop (or acknowledge/explain why they did not) and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. *'''Semantic search''': The Foundation has launched a limited [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|semantic]] and keyword queries. The [[mw:Readers/Information_Retrieval/Phase_1|Phase 1 beta]] is now live on Greek Wikipedia. The goal is to understand whether combining meaning-based retrieval with keyword search helps readers find information more effectively. Testing will expand to English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias in March. *'''Navigation experience''': The Foundation will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [[File:Abstract Wikipedia prototype - Kolkata.png|thumb|right|Screenshot of the current prototype of Abstract Wikipedia, showing a two sentence article about Kolkata.]] *'''Site notices''': Site notices ([[m:MediaWiki:Sitenotice|MediaWiki:Sitenotice]] and [[m:MediaWiki:Anonnotice|MediaWiki:Anonnotice]]) now will render on all platforms, not just on the desktop site. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. *'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/02/16/tech-news-2026-week-08/|08]] and [[diffblog:2026/02/23/tech-news-2026-week-09/|09]] include the new “Edit full page” button for people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor. They also link to the 40 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. *'''Wikifunctions''': Abstract Wikipedia is going to have its public preview within the next few weeks, [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-20|here is the preview]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Gender gap''': The [[diffblog:2026/02/24/celebrate-women-2026-is-coming/|Celebrate Women 2026]] is coming! The Wikimedia Foundation will host a kick-off celebration that will work as a welcome session for both organizers and participants on [[m:Event:Celebrate Women 2026 Welcome Session|March 5 at 13:00 UTC]]. *'''Language''': New edition of the [[diffblog:2026/02/17/language-and-internationalization-newsletters-10/|Language and internationalization newsletter]] highlights new feature developments and improvements in various [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization#Projects|language-related technical projects]]. *'''Let’s Connect Learning Clinic''': Watch the recordings of past [[metawiki:Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|learning clinics]] about Wikipedia’s 25th Birthday Tool and Strengthening Local-Language Admin Communities. *'''Wikimedia Research Showcase''': You can [https://www.youtube.com/live/qW5IQJv84HY watch the recording] of this month research showcase whose theme is about "[[mw:Wikimedia Research/Showcase|AI and Communities]]". *'''Hubs''': Lessons [[diffblog:2026/02/13/what-we-are-learning-from-hub-pilots/|from hub pilots]]. *'''Banners & logo policies''': Wikimedia Foundation has adopted [[diffblog:2026/02/11/announcing-new-policies-related-to-the-use-of-wikimedia-sites-for-advocacy-purposes/|new and updated policies regarding the use of banners, logo changes, and blackouts]] on the projects, particularly for advocacy purposes. *'''Digital Safety''': The next edition of [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/MFK6V57X7B3XBCPYS63PBP764UZWEE7X/|Digital Safety Office Hours]] will be on Mar 27 at 9:00 UTC and 19:00 UTC. The session will explore practical threat modelling: a structured way to think about risks, assess your exposure, and make informed choices. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-enriches-search-results-and-ai-answers/ Ecosia Enriches Search Results and AI Answers with Wikimedia Enterprise]. *'''Human centered AI''': Members of the Wikimedia Enterprise team presented on "[https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/event-stanford-human-centered-ai/ Wikipedia in the Age of AI and Bots]" at the seminar of Stanford’s Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. *'''Inclusive AI''': Advancing Open, Inclusive AI with Free and Open Knowledge at the [https://medium.com/wikimedia-policy/wikimedia-foundation-at-the-india-ai-impact-summit-2026-advancing-open-inclusive-ai-with-free-and-131bf9625f8b India AI Impact Summit 2026]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/04|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12:37, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30155780 --> == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:50, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 5</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on February 27. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/05|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Blue W25.png|right|200px|]] '''Highlights''' *'''Supporting readers''': For most of its history, Wikipedia did not have to worry about attracting readers. But with the way people search for information changing, there is a drop in the number of readers which is impacting the number of accounts created and contributions to our sites. Have a look at some of [[diffblog:2026/03/10/engaging-and-reengaging-wikipedia-readers/|the ongoing and planned work to support reader experience.]] *'''Server switch''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on March 25 at 15:00 UTC. This is for the [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|datacenter server switchover backup tests]], which happen [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|twice a year]]. *'''Tools improvement''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|Work is still ongoing in some areas]], including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. *'''Wikipedia 25 Grants''': The celebration continues! The Wikimedia Foundation offers [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Grants|Wikipedia 25 Birthday Funds]] to communities planning Wikipedia’s 25th birthday events with funding between USD 1,000–2,000. Apply before March 31. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Experiments''': The Foundation is frequently conducting experiments to help learn what features will be most effective and valuable to the projects. [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|The list of experiments in Product and Technology]], tracks upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed experiments as well as their rationale. For example, the tracker shares that [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology#Upcoming|one upcoming experiment, Reader to Contributor Baseline]], will measure how many readers create contributor accounts and whether the rate differs depending on how people arrived to the site. *'''Article guidance''': Help less experienced editors by filling out a questionnaire [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on this page]] (available in 7 languages). The Foundation are looking particularly for experienced Wikipedia editors from these [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]]. Your answers will help [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|customize guidance for less experienced editors while creating an article]]. *'''Wikifunctions:''' You can now create Functions that will [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|show a citation in their output.]] *'''Editing feature''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] is available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. *'''Paste Check''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] is now available at all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. *'''Mobile experience''': The user menu in the top corner for all mobile users [[phab:T413912|is standardized]] so that it is closer to the desktop experience to improve the user interface for readers. *'''Two-factor authentication''': For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. *'''Tech News''': Latest updates from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/03/02/tech-news-2026-week-10/|10]] and [[diffblog:2026/03/09/tech-news-2026-week-11/|11]] include the new GraphQL API has been released as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS). They also link to the 50 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. [[File:Mervat Salman.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/03/09/wikicelebrate-mervat-a-decade-of-building-knowledge-community-and-trust/ WikiCelebrates Mervat.]]] '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''WikiCelebrate''': [[diffblog:2026/03/09/wikicelebrate-mervat-a-decade-of-building-knowledge-community-and-trust/|Celebrating Mervat]], one of the most experienced and dedicated contributors to Arabic Wikipedia. *'''Wikimedia ecosystem''': The [[diffblog:2026/03/05/draft-proposal-for-a-future-affiliate-landscape/|pilot on the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations]] has published a draft proposal for a [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Future Affiliate Landscape|Future Affiliate Landscape]]. It welcomes your review and [[m:Talk:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Future Affiliate Landscape|feedback]]. *'''Fundraising''': The Fundraising Report 2024–2025 has now been [[m:Fundraising/2024-25 Report|published]] on meta. *'''International Women's Day 2026:''' [[diffblog:2026/03/10/international-womens-day-2026-women-visibility-and-the-future-of-trusted-knowledge-on-wikimedia/|Women, visibility, and the future of trusted knowledge on Wikimedia]]. *'''Don't Blink''': [[diffblog:2026/03/12/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-january-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Wiki Loves Earth 2025''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/|See the winners]] from the 13th annual edition of the globe-trotting photo contest. *'''Wikimania 2026''': While most Wikimania program submissions are closed, [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Program/Research|the research track is open until March 31]]. It accepts proposals from both professional researchers and Wikimedians. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/05|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:17, 17 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30218350 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 6</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on March 13. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/6|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Adapted Wikipedia20symbols mobile w.svg|right|thumb|200px|Editing on the mobile apps]] '''Highlights''' *'''Supporting the mobile experience''': The Foundation is starting conversations with communities to [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|explore how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The goal is to understand how to better support both new and experienced editors, and how the app can guide users to the right editing tools. Your input is welcome. Join the [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|discussion]]! *'''Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/03/25/registration-for-wikimania-paris-is-opening-soon/|Registration for Wikimania 2026]] is opening soon from the end of March to May 1. Like other Wikimedia events this year, we are introducing a "request for invitation" process, with trust and safety checks conducted prior to confirming in-person attendance. Our priority is to create a safe environment for connection, collaboration, and shared learning. *'''Around the Puzzle Globe in the CEE region''': On March 23 almost 60 Wikimedians took part in [[m:Event:CEE Catch Up: Around the Puzzle Globe|the CEE-Catch up]]- a meeting for Wikimedians from Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. As a part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|continuous conversations]] we have with the communities around the Foundation's annual plan, participants discussed the global trends related to Readers and Contributors in their regional context. The meeting was also an opportunity to connect with the new Foundation CEO, Bernadette Meehan, who is meeting communities [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/Around the puzzle globe|around the puzzle globe]] to listen, learn and engage with the communities. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br /><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Crawlers:''' The Foundation is now [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|detecting and blocking billions of bot requests]] that don’t follow our robot policy, such as aggressive scrapers, to make sure our resources go towards serving human readers. In the coming months we’ll be working on better detection of rapidly changing bot behavior and better API infrastructure. *'''Moderator tools for newer editors''': Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to an [[mw:Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of Special:PersonalDashboard]]. It introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. *'''Account creation on mobile''': Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] are now presented with a simplified logged-out warning message, which encourages them to create an account or log in. This test is part of our ongoing effort to enhance the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and increase participation. *'''Verification email redesign:''' [[phab:T416748|The verification email sent to new accounts]] that add an email address during signup has been redesigned. When tested on English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikidata, the same-week email verification rate increased from 41.6% to 45.9%. *'''Retaining notification history''': Wikimedia site users can export their notifications older than 5 years using [[toolforge:echo-chamber|a new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain important notifications and avoid losing them based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, [[phab:T383948|as previously announced]]. *'''Tech News''': Latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/03/16/tech-news-2026-week-12/|12]] and [[diffblog:2026/03/23/tech-news-2026-week-13/|13]] include the update that Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys as a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. See also the 64 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. *'''Experiments''': Check out [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|the list of experiments in Product and Technology]] to see all upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed experiments. One new experiment that just went live is the "Improve the logged-out warning message on mobile web," which aims to reduce the sense of friction or alarm when users encounter the logged-out warning upon editing. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br /><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> [[File:Microtask generator tool.png|right|thumb|200px|Screenshot of the Microtask generator tool.]] *'''Digital rights and free knowledge''': Wikimedia Foundation staff and Wikimedians from across the movement will contribute to [[diffblog:2026/03/16/wikimedians-champion-digital-rights-and-free-knowledge-at-rightscon-2026-join-the-global-conversation-wherever-you-are/|important conversations on AI governance, information integrity, and equitable access to knowledge at RightsCon 2026]] from May 5–8. [https://www.rightscon.org/registration/ Join the conversation virtually]. *'''Microtask Generator''': [[diffblog:2026/03/23/from-overwhelming-lists-to-bite-sized-edits-meet-the-microtask-generator/|Learn more about the Microtask Generator]], a tool which identifies content quality gaps in Wikipedia articles and suggests tasks for editors to address within a dashboard. Users can input lists of articles for analysis, or get recommendations based on article categories. Ideal for edit-a-thons and other article improvement drives. *'''WikiLearn''': Discover [[diffblog:2026/03/12/wikilearn-news-march-2026/|the latest edition of WikiLearn News]] where you can find the latest online learning opportunities to take your editing skills to new heights. *'''Diff Event calendar''': [[diffblog:2026/03/11/movement-events-on-the-move-diff-event-calendar-transitions-to-meta-wiki/|The event calendar on Diff is now redirected]] to [[m:Special:AllEvents|the list of events on Meta-wiki]]. This list pulls in all events that are open to all wikis. *'''Grantmaking Strategy''': The GRDC has identified the [[m:Global Resource Distribution Committee/Key challenges for a new Grantmaking Strategy|key challenges that will inform the design of the new Grantmaking Strategy]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br /><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Audit report''': Highlights from the [[diffblog:2026/03/19/highlights-from-the-wikimedia-endowments-fiscal-year-2024-2025-audit-report/|Wikimedia Endowment’s fiscal year 2024-2025 audit report]]. *'''Enterprise partnerships''': Wikimedia Enterprise announced new partnerships. Together with [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/firecrawl-replaces-wikipedia-scraping-with-enterprise-apis/ Firecrawl to reform how AI agents access the world’s largest online repository of human knowledge] and with [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/aligned-ai-is-developing-ethical-ai/ Aligned AI to develop Ethical AI products for families by providing Wikimedia Enterprise Snapshot API]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Endowment Board''': [[diffblog:2026/03/24/welcoming-nataliia-tymkiv-to-the-wikimedia-endowment-board/|Welcoming Nataliia Tymkiv to the Wikimedia Endowment Board of Directors]]. *'''Affiliate recognition''': Affiliations Committee [[diffblog:2026/03/26/affiliate-recognition-pause-extended-until-september-2026/|extended the pause on new affiliate recognition to September 1, 2026]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/6|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 31 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30333201 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 7</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on March 28. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/7|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:People browsing on smartphone together - RWiC.png|right|thumb|150px|]] '''Highlights''' *'''Community Wishlist update''': This [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#April 7, 2026: What we have done so far and what the team will be working on in the next months|monthly update covers]] how 44 wishes were fulfilled, 17 are in progress, and 15 more will start work soon. It includes completion of work on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]], which allow users to add labels to items in their watchlist to help with managing and filtering; fixing a bug with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W265|preview page feature]]; indexing of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W303|Commons on Google & DuckDuckGo search]]; and a wish simplifying the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W141|insertion of maths formulas]] in articles. You can submit, vote on, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes|subscribe to wishes]] here. *'''Goal setting for edit-a-thons''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|group goal-setting feature]], enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. This feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Join the [[m:Event:Connection learning session 5|Connection Learning Session]] on April 14 at 16:00 UTC to learn more about this feature and new ways to promote events and campaigns to editors. *'''Collaboration with the United Nations''': Learn how the Foundation [[diffblog:2026/03/27/securing-our-collective-voice-why-engaging-with-the-united-nations-is-key-to-protecting-free-knowledge/|engages with the United Nations]] to secure our collective voice and protect free knowledge. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]''' <br /><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Mobile page previews mock.png|right|thumb|150px|Design mock for mobile page previews.]] *'''Navigating articles on mobile''': The Foundation is [[:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Phase 1: Mobile page previews|launching an experiment]] to test how to make it easier and more intuitive for readers to navigate through articles on mobile. To do this, we want to test [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Mobile Page Previews.]] This experiment will go live the week of April 20 and will run for four weeks. *'''Editing tools for new editors''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Tone check|Tone Check]] was [[phab:T419177|deployed on French, Japanese, and Portuguese Wikipedia]] as a default-on feature for editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When promotional or subjective language is added, users are prompted to consider "neutralizing" the tone of the edit. *'''Managing watchlist labels''': The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the "watchstar" (or watch link, for skins that don’t have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[m:Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. *'''Latest experiments''': See all upcoming, live, in-analysis, and completed [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. A new experiment that just went live is one which aims to establish a [[phab:T419634|baseline retention rate]] for logged-in readers. *'''Latest Wikifunctions''': Check out the [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-02#Fresh Functions weekly: 102 new Functions|partial list]] of the 102 new functions created last week – likely the first week we have exceeded 100. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/03/30/tech-news-2026-week-14/|14]] and [[diffblog:2026/04/06/tech-news-2026-week-15/|15]] include an [[mw:Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|ongoing A/B test]] running on 10 Wikipedias to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. See also the 68 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. *'''Community discussions on Semantic Search''': The Wikimedia Foundation, in collaboration with the CEE Hub, hosted a discussion session on [[diffblog:2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/|Semantic Search]] for members of the CEE Youth Group. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]''' <br /><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Don't Blink!''': This month's [[diffblog:2026/04/05/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-february-2026/|highlights from the Global Advocacy team]] include how the Wikimedia Foundation co-presented alongside the Internet Archive at the State of the Net conference. *'''Digital rights and inclusion''': Take a look at the [[diffblog:2026/04/07/youth-inclusion-open-data-inclusive-language-at-drif26-wikimedians-bring-community-solutions-to-shape-the-future/|sessions]] that Wikimedians and allied partners will lead during Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum [https://drif.paradigmhq.org/ (DRIF)] 2026. *'''Manuscript preservation''': The Wikimedia Foundation supported [[diffblog:2026/03/28/reconnecting-balinese-manuscripts-with-local-voices-wikisami-university-workshops-in-bali/|volunteer-lead workshops]] to write Balinese Wikipedia articles about palm-leaf manuscripts (''lontar'') from the Leiden University Library collection. *'''Youth content creators''': Wikimedia Indonesia, together with the Wikimedia Foundation, delivered an [[diffblog:2026/04/06/asean-y-impact-content-creators-engage-with-the-wikimedia-movement/|introductory session on Wikipedia]] for young content creators representing all 11 ASEAN member states. *'''Legal and Safety Contacts''': The Wikimedia Foundation has created a single [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|"Legal and Safety Contacts" page]], to be linked in the footer of each wiki page. This will ensure that everyone has access to accurate and up to date Legal contact information. Insertion of the new links on different wikis will be done in stages, based on assessment of legal risk and necessity. *'''Building shared principals for the internet as a public good:''' The Global Advocacy team [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com/a-shared-path-reinventing-an-internet-in-latin-america-that-serves-people-not-power-62b71c122ebf published a blog] with the Center for Studies on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information ([https://observatoriolegislativocele.com/en/ CELE]) and the Electronic Frontier Foundation ([https://www.eff.org/ EFF]) summarizing a workshop that brought together digital rights advocates from Latin America to dream of a "digital utopia." '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]''' <br /><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Wikidata API''': Wikidata’s structured knowledge [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/wikidata-api-endpoints-wikimedia-enterprise/ is now available] through Wikimedia Enterprise. *'''Annual Planning and global trends''': Join the [[m:Event:America APP call|America APP call]] on April 21 at 18:00 UTC. This meeting is an opportunity for the Latin American community to ensure that the region's voice helps shape the Wikimedia Foundation's work and priorities for the next fiscal year. The call will be in Spanish with interpretation into Portuguese and English. The [[m:Wikimedia EDs and Foundation meetings|last meeting]] between Wikimedia EDs and Foundation staff was dedicated to discuss global trends too. More discussions are [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration#On-Wiki|happening on-wiki]] and in [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration#Co-created Community spaces|community spaces]] around different regions and projects. *'''Futures Lab:''' The world is changing around us. As the Wikimedia movement navigates this moment over a hundred Wikimedians from different Wikimedia projects came together to deepen our understanding of how these trends are impacting our people and projects at the [[diffblog:/2026/04/09/inside-the-wikimedia-futures-lab-how-the-wikimedia-movement-is-responding-to-a-changing-internet/|Wikimedia Futures Lab.]] *'''Fundraising Hub:''' The Wikimedia Foundation has launched [[:en:Wikipedia:Fundraising/Fundraising Hub|Fundraising Hub]] on English Wikipedia. The first discussion you can participate in is about distributing fundraising banner on English Wikipedia throughout the year. '''Board and Board committee updates''' <br /><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Ombuds Commission''': Announcement of the [[m:Talk:Ombuds commission#Announcing the 2026 Ombuds Commission|2026 Ombuds Commission]], the small group of volunteers who investigate complaints about violations of the Privacy Policy, the Access to Nonpublic Personal Data Policy, the CheckUser Policy and the Oversight Policy. *'''Wikinews closure''': All Wikinews editions will be [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|closed]] and switched to read-only mode on May 4. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles will be able to be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. '''Other Movement-curated newsletters & news''' <br /><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/7|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:10, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30380476 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 8</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 10. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/08|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:WP25 Graphics Cursor.png|right|thumb|150px|]] '''Highlights''' *'''Annual Planning''': The Wikimedia Foundation published the [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|draft Annual Plan]] for the coming fiscal year (2026&ndash;2027) which will focus on four main goals that directly respond to the external trends. The goals include increasing our reach, deepening engagement, protecting our projects and building speed and resilience to enable the change needed to respond to the internet being at an inflection point. Feedback welcome on [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the talk page]] and [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|many other places]]. *'''Global conversation''': A [[:m:Event:Global Call: Annual Planning Around the Puzzle Globe|global conversation about the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]] will take place on May 7 at 5:00 PM UTC. *'''Sustainable reuse of Wikimedia content''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. It makes it easier to credit Wikimedia content fairly wherever it is used. It provides all information required by the [https://wikimedia-attribution.toolforge.org/ Wikimedia Attribution Framework] in a single, well-structured and easy-to-use endpoint, simplifying attribution for off-wiki reuse. Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Feedback on Article guidance''': Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature. This tool helps less-experienced editors create structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Review [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines] and share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Check out the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|step-by-step]] and [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] instructions. *'''Games Hub available on Android''': The Games Hub is live in the Wikipedia app for Android. This new feature offers a space for users to find all available [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Games|games]] in one place, explore archives, and get updates on new games. It currently includes ''[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TriviaGame|Which Came First?]]'', with more games coming soon. *'''Update to Wikipedia app for iOS''': A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS has rolled out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple’s latest “Liquid Glass” visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. *'''Confirming email addresses''': On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven’t [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] now see a banner encouraging them to do so. [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Confirming the email address]] helps users restore account access if they lose it and receive messages about their accounts. It also provides an easy option to communicate with other users off-wiki if they choose. As of early 2026, about 62.9% of all registered Wikimedia [[metawiki:Help:Unified login|user accounts]] that have an email set had not confirmed it. *'''Testing mobile web page previews''': [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Mobile page previews]] experiment was launched on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page previews are pop-ups that show a thumbnail, a lead paragraph, and a link to the full article to improve content discovery. It is already available on desktop and in the apps. *'''Account creation experiment''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account creation experiment]] is live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia targeting 10% of logged-out mobile web users. It looks at whether adding a button to create accounts in the mobile web header boosts new registrations and increases mobile users contributing to the wikis. *'''Experimenting with Hybrid Search on mobile apps''': The Hybrid Search [[mw:Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Phase 1 experiment]] on the Wikipedia Android app has concluded. It tested a combined keyword and meaning-based search methods to meet various information needs. The team is analyzing data and feedback, and will share insights and next steps soon. [[File:Android Explore Feed Top Read.png|right|thumb|150px|Top read element on the current Explore Feed on Android]] *'''Latest experiments''': See all live, upcoming, and completed [[metawiki:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. One [[phab:T419916|upcoming experiment]] is testing a refreshed Explore Feed to make it easier for readers to discover interesting content and visit Wikipedia app more often. *'''Wikifunctions''': Wikifunctions crossed 4,000 functions, with [[f:Z33366|subtracting two complex numbers]] as the 4,000th function. Also, Abstract Wikipedia reached 1,000 articles. The article about the famous Indian Brahmin [[abstract:Q9045|Chanakya]] marked this milestone. *'''Reading lists now a beta feature''': New accounts are now opted into [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] by default on all Wikipedia wikis. This brings the "Save pages" feature to the web, which has been popular in mobile apps. For users in the beta, a "Save page" (bookmark) button appears in the toolbar on every page. The watch/unwatch (star) option moves to the tools menu. The "Watchlist" button in the top navigation shifts to the user menu. A new "Saved pages" button takes its place. In June, the feature will be available to all users and a user preference will be added to choose between two sets of buttons: Watch + Watchlist or Save + Saved list. The other set will be in the tool and user menus. *'''Structured Contents''': Article Images and Lists now in [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-article-images-and-lists/ Structured Contents payloads]. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/04/13/tech-news-2026-issue-16/|16]] and [[diffblog:2026/04/20/tech-news-2026-issue-17/|17]] include CodeMirror 6 being promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. See also the 45 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Research Fund submissions in review:''' The submission period for this year's [[metawiki:Grants:Programs/Wikimedia Research & Technology Fund/Wikimedia Research Fund|Wikimedia Research Fund]] is now closed. The technical and internal reviews of [[metawiki:Category:Under review Wikimedia Research Fund applications in FY 2025-26|the proposals]] have begun. *'''Events and conferences''': Take a look at the different community events happening later this year: [[metawiki:ESEAP Conference 2026|ESEAP Conference]] (May 15-17), [[metawiki:WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India]] (Sep 4-6), [[wcna:2026/Main Page|WikiConference North America]] (Sep 24-27), [[metawiki:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference]] (Oct 2 to 4), [[metawiki:Queering Wiki 2026|Queering Wiki]] (Oct 23-25), [[metawiki:WikiArabia 2026|WikiArabia]] (Nov 6-8). *'''Around the puzzle globe in the America region''': More than 60 people joined [[metawiki:Event:America APP call|America call]] to discuss the annual plan and the global trends impacting the movement. Participants came from across the region, and the audience included a mix of affiliates from LATAM, online contributors, and users with extended rights. *'''Transparency Report:''' The Wikimedia Foundation published a [[foundationsite:who-we-are/transparency/2025-2/|transparency report]] covering July to December 2025. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Board selection process''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees is reviewing and improving [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|how it selects new members]]. The goal is to ensure that there is the right mix of expertise and community representation on the board. Join the conversation and share your ideas on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|the talk page]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/08|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 04:21, 29 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30449136 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 9</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on April 25. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/09|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Highlights''' *'''Community Protection''': Wikimedia Foundation [[diffblog:2026/04/30/wikimedia-foundation-secured-governments-commitment-to-user-safety-privacy-and-content-integrity-ahead-of-administrative-registration-in-indonesia/|secured Indonesian government’s commitment]] to user safety, privacy, and content integrity ahead of administrative registration in Indonesia. *'''Stronger protections against bots''': Wikimedia Foundation is replacing our CAPTCHA with [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|a new approach]] to detect bad-faith activities without making things harder for users. *'''Transparency Report:''' The Wikimedia Foundation has published its latest [[foundationsite:who-we-are/transparency/2025-2/|Transparency Report]]. This provides an overview of the work to protect Wikimedia projects and support the volunteer communities who handle the majority of content requests. Our users trust us to protect their identities against unlawful disclosure, and we take this responsibility seriously, granting only 1 of 30 requests for disclosure we received from July to December 2025. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Wikipedia app Reading Challenge - Opt into challenge.png|right|thumb|150px|Mock-up of the Wikipedia app reading challenge.]] *'''Reading Challenge''': As part of the 25th birthday celebrations, Wikipedia Mobile Apps launched a limited-time feature, the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/25th Birthday Reading Challenge|25-day reading challenge with Baby Globe]]. This challenge encourages a daily habit of reading one Wikipedia article. The goal is to motivate users to come back to the app regularly. *'''Latest experiments''': One [[mw:Product Safety and Integrity/Incident Reporting System#April 2026: Trial on English Wikipedia|upcoming experiment]] is introducing the Incident Reporting System (IRS) to help contributors easily find the right place to seek help when facing harassment or other issues. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. *'''Change in how new users are autoconfirmed''': The account age for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed users]] will [[phab:T418484|now start]] from their first edit, not the registration date. This is to avoid exploitation by vandals. This change will only apply to wikis that require at least one edit for autoconfirmation. *'''Organized Reading lists''': All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the “automatically enable most beta features” option can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature. This lets you save articles for later reading and keep it organized in one place for easy access. *'''Thumbnail size preferences''': Default thumbnail size preference for article content is now [[phab:T424909|limited to three sizes]]: Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px). This change aims to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. Current preferences will shift to the nearest new size. *'''Wikifunctions''': To make the development of Abstract Wikipedia visible, the Foundation is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-02|requesting your input]]: which metrics about Abstract Wikipedia pages do you deem important? *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/04/27/tech-news-2026-issue-18/|18]] and [[diffblog:2026/05/04/tech-news-2026-issue-19/|19]] include improvements on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]]. See also the 62 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Annual Planning''': We welcome your [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|feedback]] on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the main talk page]] for the 2026–2027 draft Annual Plan and [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|many other places]] for the coming fiscal year. *'''Wikimania''': Wikimania is a joyful event. It is a chance to celebrate our community and projects, share ideas and information, build connections among Wikimedians, and inspire and develop future projects. If you and your community are interested in hosting Wikimania in 2028 and 2029 submit an [[wmania:Wikimania:Expressions of Interest/Current call|expressions of interest]]. *'''Community Conferences''': The Foundation is supporting [[diffblog:2026/05/04/approved-wikimedia-conference-proposals-for-2026-round-2-continuing-to-connect-grow-and-learn-together/|15 strategic, diverse, and critical convenings]] taking place in 2026 and 2027, bringing together approximately 1800 Wikimedians across various regions, themes, and language communities. *'''Don't blink''': [[diffblog:2026/05/02/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-march-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. *'''Wiki Loves Monuments''': The winners of the 2025 Wiki Loves Monuments photo contest [[foundationsite:news/2026/04/29/2025-wiki-loves-monuments-photo-contest/|are announced]]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Enterprise''': How CivicLens Uses Wikidata APIs to [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-civiclens-uses-wikidata-apis/ Make Civic Data More Accessible]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br /><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Wikinews closure''': All Wikinews have been [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|closed]] and switched to read-only mode. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles will be able to be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. *'''Affcom News''': Read [[m:Affiliations Committee/News|the latest issue of AffCom News (January-March 2026)]] to learn more about the latest news about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]]. *'''Model for affiliates to support contributors through tools''': The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. *'''Grantmaking''': The Global Resource Distribution Committee closed their request for feedback on [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee#Request for feedback: What are the most significant challenges your community faces as it relates to resource distribution within the movement?|three initial questions about grantmaking]], and published their [[m:Talk:Global Resource Distribution Committee#GRDC update – April 2026|monthly update for April]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br /><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/09|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. Let foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org know if you have any feedback or suggestions for improvement! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:58, 12 Mayu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30515701 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on May 8. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/10|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Highlights''' *'''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Community_Wishlist/Updates#May_20,_2026:_Community_Tech_becomes_a_program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community_Wishlist#Proposed_direction_for_Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. *'''Digital Public Goods''': The Wikimedia Foundation [[foundationsite:news/2026/05/13/wikimedia-foundation-joins-the-digital-public-goods-alliance/|has become a member]] of the Digital Public Goods Alliance (DPGA). *'''Better bot detection''': A [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]] on several Wikipedias, including English, French, and Japanese, showed it can effectively detect and deter bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Based on these results, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Attribution examples.png|right|thumb|200px|Example of the Attribution Framework recommendations.]] *'''A better way to give credit''': [[diffblog:2026/05/18/a-better-way-to-give-credit-introducing-the-wikimedia-attribution-framework-and-api/|The Wikimedia Attribution Framework and API]] makes it simple for developers to fairly credit volunteer contribution. When anyone encounters Wikimedia content, we want them to know that it comes from our projects, and they are invited to participate. *'''Baby Globe joins the Reading Challenge''': The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps released the [[foundationsite:news/2026/05/19/want-to-read-more-download-the-wikipedia-app/|25-day reading challenge]], to drive readers engagement through reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. *'''Account security''': The Foundation is technically enforcing that all [[m:Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|privileges that enable users to take security- or privacy-sensitive actions]] can only be held by users who have enabled [[m:Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. Logging in with passkeys is quicker than logging in without two-factor authentication. In addition, logged-in users can see a banner encouraging them to confirm their email address. These changes secure individual accounts as well as communities and the wikis. *'''Incident reporting form''': The Foundation began a [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (WMF)#Two-month trial of an incident reporting form|trial on English Wikipedia]] of the incident reporting form. 60% of unblocked logged-in users see a new Report button, allowing them to report conduct issues. *'''Encouraging account creation''': Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis this week. [[phab:T424595|The change]] will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. *'''Wikimedia Android App''': The Wikipedia Android App is at the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of redesigning its Home Feed. The new feed includes two tabs: ''Community,'' featuring refreshed Explore content, and ''For You,'' with personalized reading recommendations based on reader interests and activity. The ''For You'' feed refreshes daily with updated suggestions. *'''Better discovery of images''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature was rolled out for all Wikipedias on mobile following two successful experiments. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article’s images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing#Phase 2.1 beta feature|exclude images from the article’s carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. *'''Reading Lists feature''': The Foundation is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18 on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and will run for a month. [[File:Quote share design mockup.png|right|thumb|200px|A design mockup of what the share card looks like.]] *'''Testing Suggestion Mode''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure its impact on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. It will also evaluate the feature’s impact on editor retention and monitor changes in revert and block rates. *'''Wikifunctions now supports Wikidata references''': References in Wikidata statements are now [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-08|available on Wikifunctions]], and you now can use external links in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|Wikifunctions-generated citations]]. This allows the use of more than 1.3 billion references available in Wikidata and adding them as citations to individual statements in Abstract Wikipedia. *'''Pilot wikis adopting Abstract Wikipedia:''' The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. *'''Latest experiments''': An [[m:List of experiments in Product and Technology|upcoming experiment]] is testing whether we can serve readers better when a footnote click in read mode shows the full bibliographic information rather than flying them to the reference list. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News weeks [[diffblog:2026/05/11/tech-news-2026-issue-20/|20]], [[diffblog:2026/05/18/tech-news-2026-issue-21/|21]], [[diffblog:2026/05/25/tech-news-2026-issue-22/|22]], [[diffblog:2026/06/01/tech-news-2026-issue-23/|23]] include an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Share Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles and share them online See also the 92 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br/><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Tech blog moved to Diff''': The [[diffblog:2026/05/28/a-diff-tech-blog/|migration of the Techblog to Diff]] is now complete: 138 posts going back over a decade have been successfully migrated. Diff is now happy to welcome technology-focused blog posts with renewed vigor. *'''What’s new in the Wikipedia Library''': Access to the American Psychological Association was renewed and collections from the Harvard Business Review and Swiss Media Database (Swissdox) are now available to editors who are eligible for [[diffblog:2026/05/31/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-jan-mar-2026/|The Wikipedia Library]]. *'''New course on WikiLearn''': [[diffblog:2026/05/29/a-new-online-course-for-researchers-who-want-to-make-their-field-more-visible-on-wikipedia/|A free self-paced online course]], designed for researchers who want to make their field more visible on Wikipedia, was launched on WikiLearn. Share "[https://learn.wiki/courses/course-v1:WikimediaFoundation+WR001+2026/about Wikipedia for Researchers]” if you work with early-career researchers, teach in an academic institution, or support open knowledge communities. *'''Wiki Mentor Africa:''' The first edition of [[diffblog:2026/05/29/wiki-mentor-africa-women-tech-summit-a-story-of-learning-confidence-and-community/|Wiki Mentor Africa - Women Tech Summit]] brought together over 315 registered participants across Africa to learn, explore, and grow in tech together. *'''Let's Connect Learning Clinic''': If you missed it, you can now [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnjFIQVJVnU watch the recording] of the Let's Connect Learning Clinic "How to support up-and-coming groups in the movement as a long-time Wikimedian" with Wikimedistas El Salvador. *'''Community Conferences''': Registration for [[diffblog:2026/06/02/wikiconference-north-america-registration-opens-on-june-3/|WikiConference North America]] and [[diffblog:2026/05/30/call-for-self-funded-registration-now-open-queering-wiki-conference-2026/|Queering Wiki Conference]] is now opened. [[diffblog:2026/05/15/programme-submissions-call-for-speakers-for-the-queering-wiki-2026-conference-is-now-open/|Call for Speakers]] for the Queering Wiki is also opened until June 30. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Sharing the Form 990s:''' The Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia Endowment published their Form 990s, covering the fiscal year that ran from July 2024 to June 2025. The Form 990 is an annual form required of all nonprofit organizations in the United States. You can read the [[diffblog:2026/05/18/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundation-and-wikimedia-endowment-fiscal-year-2024-2025-form-990s/|highlights]] on [[m:IRS tax related information/2024 Wikimedia Foundation Form 990 Frequently Asked Questions|Form 990 for the Foundation]] and [[m:Wikimedia Endowment reports/Financial/Form 990/2024-2025 - frequently asked questions|Form 990 for the Endowment]] on Meta-Wiki. *'''Wikimedia Enterprise''': Wikimedia Enterprise's free API accounts gets [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ a substantial upgrade] across the Snapshot and On-demand APIs, including free access to Structured Contents Snapshots. *'''Structured Contents''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-databricks-parsed-wikipedia-to-markdown-with-python/ How Databricks Parsed Wikipedia] to Markdown with Python. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Board selection process''': The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees is reviewing and improving [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|how it selects new members]]. The goal is to ensure that there is the right mix of expertise and community representation on the board. Join the conversation on [[m:Event:Board Selection Process Conversation - June 2026|16 June at 17:00 UTC]], and share your ideas on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Debrief|the talk page]]. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[:w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/10|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:31, 9 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30647051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 5. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/11|translate]].''</div> ---- '''Highlights''' [[File:Baby Globe in Paris.gif|thumb|150px|The Wikimania program [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ is now live]!]] *'''Community Wishlist''': Weigh in on proposals and open questions on how the [[m:Community_Wishlist/Updates#June_17,_2026:_Wishlist_program_in_the_future|wishlist will operate in the future.]] *'''Simplifying account creation:''' The Foundation is working on improving the [[diffblog:2026/06/11/wikipedias-account-creation-process-is-broken/|account creation process]] to reduce potential friction for newcomers to create an account. Improvements include making "Create Account" icon more prominent on mobile, simplifying the registration form, and introducing real-time username validation. *'''New U4C members elected:''' The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Results|new members]] and has two remaining vacancies in Middle East & North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. *'''Wikimania conference program''': The Wikimania 2026 program is [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ now live]! Take a moment to review the program, and, if you are logged in, you can mark your "must see” sessions with a star to start building your personal schedule. Register for [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/#tickets a virtual ticket] here, if you haven't signed up yet. *'''Neutral Point of View''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|A proposal for a baseline NPOV standard]] for Wikipedias that do not have one was published, with [[m:Talk:Proposed_baseline_NPOV_standard|a community discussion]] open until July 15, 2026. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]]'''<br/><small>''See also newsletters: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]&nbsp;· [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research]]&nbsp;· [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> [[File:Phase 1 Feed - Community Tab.jpg|thumb|250px|Screenshot showing the Explore Feed refresh in the Wikipedia app (from the Community tab entry point)]] *'''App Explore feed''': The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|redesigned App Explore feed]], now called "Home", has been released to all Android users. The update introduces a refreshed feed experience along with the first set of new content modules, including Did You Know, Places of Interest, Random Article, and a new end-of-feed experience. Additional content and improvements are planned in future releases. *'''Wikipedia games''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia’s “On This Day” content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. *'''Reusing references''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, has been rolled out to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia following a successful pilot phase. *'''Article guidance''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:en:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. *'''Mobile Page Previews''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded with the decision not to roll out the feature. The results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention – the primary success metric. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. *'''Wikifunctions''': You can now [[f:Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-05|add images]] to Abstract Wikipedia and the loading and display of test results when viewing Functions has been improved. *'''Wikidata''': The Foundation is migrating the [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service|Wikidata Query Service]] (WDQS) away from the Blazegraph backend since it no longer scales efficiently with Wikidata’s growth. The migration will take place in several phases. Here is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update#Migration Phases (more detail to come)|the timeline]]. *'''Growth features:''' Growth features are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]!''' ''' Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration, but this update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). *'''Mentors' management''': The Growth team will soon provide a system to automatically suspend or remove inactive mentors from the [[mw:help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|list of mentors]]. Communities can already start configuring the process in the Community Configuration. *'''Collaborative''' '''Contributions''': If you need help setting up the Collaborative Contributions and the Goal setting features, check out these [[c:Category:Collaborative contributions video guides|video guides]]. These features allow you to view which edits are made during an event and allows the group to track progress against a goal with a public progress bar. [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions|Learn more]]. *'''Latest experiments''': An [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|upcoming experiment]] is testing whether we can serve readers better when a footnote click in read mode shows the full bibliographic information rather than flying them to the reference list. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/06/08/tech-news-2026-issue-24/|24]] and [[diffblog:2026/06/15/tech-news-2026-issue-25/|25]] include how the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] is [[phab:T399175|being updated.]] Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. See also the 62 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]]'''<br /><small>''See also blogs: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]] · [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter] · [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]] · [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]''</small> *'''Digital Safety''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Community_Resilience_and_Sustainability/Human_Rights/Office_Hours_FY25/26_Q4|Join a conversation about Using AI Safely.]] It'll explore risks & concerns of using AI tools in personal and organisational contexts and practical strategies to reduce those risks. It will take place at 03:30 UTC & 14:30 UTC on June 26. This session is not about using AI to edit Wikipedia. It's focused entirely on safe personal and organisational use. *'''Don't Blink''': Read [[diffblog:2026/06/06/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-april-2026/|the latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. Highlights include exploring the implications that new child safety regulations have on privacy online. *'''Grantmaking strategy & Affiliate model''': Members of the [[m:Global_Resource_Distribution_Committee|Global Resources Distribution Committee]] (GRDC) and the [[m:Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] met to advance two key movement initiatives: the development of a new Grantmaking strategy and a refreshed Affiliate Model. They produced initial proposals and advanced work on both initiatives ahead of broader conversations planned for Wikimania 2026. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Progress made on last year's plan|Progress on the annual plan]]''</small> *'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/how-simppl-fact-checks-social-media/ SimPPL Uses Wikimedia Enterprise] to Map Online Conversations and Fact-Check Social Media. '''Other Movement curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''See also:'' [[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[:w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l’actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[:m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/11|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|alt=(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30717735 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on June 19. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/12|translate]].'' This edition uses the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|new annual plan goals]] for this fiscal year (July 2026–June 2027).</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- '''Highlights''' *'''Wikipedia 25''': Wikipedia's 25th birthday was celebrated with various projects designed to grow awareness and support for Wikipedia and the people who make it possible. This includes the virtual birthday event on January 15, which garnered 10,000 live viewers and 15,000 reactions. Find more details on all related projects and results in [[m:Wikipedia 25/Results|the program report]]. *'''Sustainable use of Wikimedia infrastructure''': A valid user-agent string will now be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. *'''Increasing account creation''': [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|The experiment]] providing direct access to “Create account” and “Log in” actions on mobile increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality. The feature will now be [[phab:T428220|rolled out to all wikis]] on mobile web. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]''</small> [[File:Sub-referencing – add details to a main reference.png|thumb|250px|With Sub-referencing editors can reuse and add details to a main reference.]] *'''Add A Link''': The Foundation deployed [[mw:Help:Suggestion mode#Add a link|Add A Link]] as a default-on suggestion within [[mw:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]]. It is now launched on all wikis to all editors who have opted in to the Suggestion Beta Feature. *'''Reusing references''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], the new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, was deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions. *'''Wikifunctions''': Check out [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-26|the 71 new functions]] with implementations to get a taste of what functions have been created. *'''Range calculator''': The special page [[m:Special:RangeCalculator|Special:RangeCalculator]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. *'''Captcha verification''': Abuse filters that are set to “require CAPTCHA verification” now [[phab:T402595|also affect users]] with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. *'''Latest experiments''': An [[mw:Readers/Reader Experience/WE 3.5.5 Donor badge experiment|upcoming experiment]] is testing two variations of a "thank you" badge shown to donors after a recent donation to deepen the relationship between donors and the Wikimedia movement. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. *'''Account security on private wikis''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|Two-factor authentication]] will become mandatory for user accounts on private wikis. This will protect private information from being exposed by an account with a compromised password. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/06/24/tech-news-2026-issue-26/|26]] and [[diffblog:2026/06/29/tech-news-2026-issue-27/|27]] include users will now get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. See also the 65 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. *'''Team Challenges''': The core organizing team for Wikimania is introducing [[diffblog:2026/06/24/team-challenges-new-perspectives-and-innovation-at-wikimania-2026/|Team Challenges]], a different approach to Wikimania Hackathon. This year, Wikimedians and professionals from other fields will join forces to undertake one of the 2026 technical challenges. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Enable|Enable]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Research:Newsletter|Research newsletter]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiLearn#Stay updated|WikiLearn News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Special:Newsletters|other newsletters on MediaWiki.org]]''</small> *'''Wikimedia Hackathon''': A look at the [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|2026 edition of Wikimedia Hackathon]] which brought together 216 participants from 29 countries building, collaborating, and shaping the future together. *'''Wikimedia Hubs''': The [[m:Grants:Wikimedia Hub Fund|Hub Fund]] will [[diffblog:2026/06/29/hub-fund-and-hub-piloting-a-look-back-and-whats-ahead/|pause funding for new pilots]] in fiscal year 2026–2027 to align with the work on the Ecosystem of Movement Organizations and the Global Resource Distribution Committee. Existing pilots in transition will be offered an additional year of funding. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''</small> *'''Open Knowledge And Digital Rights''': Wikimedians shared [[diffblog:2026/06/29/bridging-open-knowledge-and-digital-rights-reflections-from-drif-2026-and-the-wikimedia-community/|their reflections]] on how Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum reinforced the role of our movement within broader digital rights conversations. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''</small> *'''Journalism Award''': Wikimedia Foundation [[foundationsite:news/2026/06/24/african-journalists-open-the-knowledge-awards-icfj-wikimedia/|announced]] three journalists from Africa as recipients of the [https://www.icfj.org/our-work/open-knowledge-journalism-awards Open the Knowledge Journalism Awards,] run in partnership with the [https://www.icfj.org/ International Center for Journalists] (ICFJ). The awards celebrate the essential role journalists play in creating well-researched articles that volunteer editors can use as source materials to develop content on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. In total, 320 submissions were received from 40 African countries. '''Other Movement-curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/foundation-bulletin.lists.wikimedia.org/ Receive the bulletin by email] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/12|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 7 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30775782 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 3. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/13|translate]]. The work follows [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|annual plan goals]] for this fiscal year (July 2026–June 2027).''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Wikimania_2026_francophonie_retake_w_colo.png|right|frameless|200x200px]] '''Highlights''' *'''Reflections from around the puzzle globe''': Wikimedia Foundation CEO, Bernadette Meehan shares her [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/Updates/Reflections from Around the Puzzle Globe|reflections from around the puzzle globe]]. *'''Wikimania 2026''': [[:wikimania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Wikimania|Wikimania]] is happening this week! After the event, all streamed sessions will be linked in [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ the program on Eventyay] and later uploaded to Commons. *'''Grantmaking''': The Global Resource Distribution Committee has published a [[m:Global_Resource_Distribution_Committee/Grantmaking_Strategy_2026|Grantmaking Strategy draft]] that sets out a renewed approach to how the Wikimedia Foundation's Community Fund is distributed across the Wikimedia Movement. The GRDC is requesting feedback from volunteers and affiliates, regardless of whether they are grantees or not. *'''Movement Ecosystem''': [[m:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations|A proposal]] that would update movement affiliate recognition and establish new, connected criteria for eligibility to receive Community Fund grants is [[diffblog:2026/07/08/a-proposal-for-updating-the-wikimedia-movement-recognition-and-funding-model/|now available]] for community review. You are invited to read the proposal and [[m:Talk:Updating the ecosystem of Wikimedia organizations/Recognition and Funding for Movement Organizations/Funding Eligibility|participate in the discussion]] until August 7. *'''AI's impact on Free Knowledge''': How AI [[diffblog:diff.wikimedia.org/2026/07/17/how-ai-threatens-the-social-contract-of-free-knowledge/|threatens the social contract]] of free knowledge and what we can do about it. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]''</small> [[File:Wikipedia Library owl with text.svg|right|frameless|250x250px]] *'''The Wikipedia Library''': [[diffblog:2026/07/11/whats-new-in-the-wikipedia-library-april-june-2026/|Five new collections were added]] to the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Wikipedia Library] and a course developed by leading experts in academic publishing and open knowledge was launched. *'''Women+ contributions in Wikimedia Tech''': [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|A guide based on lived experience]] on how to address some of the invisible barriers for women+ in more technical Wikimedia spaces and recommendations to become more inclusive. Help further by filling out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|this survey]] to better understand technical contributions by women+ across Wikimedia projects until July 20. *'''Structured Experimentation''': [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects/|A reflection on the first year]] of structured experimentation highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. *'''Revise Tone test ended''': The A/B test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone|Revise Tone]] ended on July 9. It showed that newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise Tone#Experiment Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The feature is now available for everyone on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. *'''Keeping mentor list up to date''': Administrators on wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|Growth features are available]] can now automatically remove inactive mentors by configuring the settings at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]] to keep the list updated. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. *'''Wikifunctions''': [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-01|How Abstract Wikipedia fits]] into the Wikimedia Foundation's annual plan FY26/27. *'''Wikidata:''' The latest [[d:Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|Wikidata Platform newsletter (July edition)]] shares how to identify and rewrite queries that rely on Blazegraph-specific extensions and affected by the migration off Blazegraph. *'''Discussion Tools''': On English Wikipedia, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]' Usability Improvements [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)#Discussion Tools usability improvements becoming default|has now become default]] for talk pages. You can opt-out of these changes at any time [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]]. With this, Discussion Tools are now fully available at all wikis. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/07/06/tech-news-2026-issue-28/|28]] and [[diffblog:2026/07/13/tech-news-2026-issue-29/|29]] include the new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. See also the 72 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. Overall, from April – June 2026 about [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|337 community tasks]] were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. *'''Language inclusivity at Wikimania 2026''': [[diffblog:2026/07/14/language-inclusivity-at-wikimania-2026-live-interpretation-and-more/|New approaches]] to translation and interpretation will be tested at Wikimania this year. *'''Call for submissions open for Wikimedia Latin America Conference 2026:''' The Wikimedia community in Latin America [[m:Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026/Programa|has opened the call for session proposals]] for the Wikimedia Latin America Conference 2026. Community members are invited to submit proposals for the conference program by August 10. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''</small> *'''Advocacy''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/08/wikimedia-foundation-denied-wipo-permanent-observer-status/|China again blocks the Wikimedia Foundation]] as a permanent observer to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). *'''UK Online Safety Act''': Ofcom, the United Kingdom's Office of Communications, announced that [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/10/wikimedia-foundation-challenges-uk-online-safety-act-regulations/|Wikipedia is not designated as a Category 1]] service under the [https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety Online Safety Act] (OSA). This is an important and welcomed outcome as a Category 1 designation could have included privacy and safety risks to our global community of volunteers. *'''UN Open Source Week edit-a-thon''': Volunteers created 60 new Wikipedia articles and made nearly 700 updates to improve Wikipedia's coverage of UN and open source topics at the second [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/09/un-open-source-week-edit-a-thon-2026/|UN Open Source Week edit-a-thon]] co-hosted by Wikimedia Foundation. *'''"Don’t Blink"''': [[diffblog:2026/07/09/dont-blink-protecting-the-wikimedia-model-its-people-and-its-values-in-may-2026/|The latest developments]] from around the world about protecting the Wikimedia model, its people and its values. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Reach|Reach]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter|Wikimedia Apps]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Readers updates|Readers]]''</small> [[File:Why do you still need Wikipedia when AI can answer anything – A WIKI MINUTE 16-9 (Thumbnail).png|thumb|250px|A Wiki Minute video series are now available.]] *'''"A Wiki Minute" videos''': [[diffblog:2026/07/14/debunking-myths-and-more-new-a-wiki-minute-videos-added-to-the-series/|New videos are added]] to the series answering some of the most common questions such as "Do you still need Wikipedia when AI can answer anything?" and "Does Wikipedia push a political agenda?". *'''Wikipedia 25 brand collaboration in Indonesia:''' On 4 July, the Jakarta-based street wear company [https://aglxy.com/collections/aglxy-x-wikipedia Ageless Galaxy launched a Wikipedia 25 collection], the first ever Wikipedia Brand Collaboration in Asia. The apparel collection featured hats, t-shirts, and a jigsaw puzzle cardigan. Wikimedians in Indonesia joined Ageless Galaxy for a launch party. '''Other updates''' *'''Leadership''': [[diffblog:2026/07/06/reflections-on-15-years-at-wikimedia-foundation-and-a-new-chapter/|Reflections on 15 years]] at Wikimedia Foundation and a new chapter. *'''Enterprise''': [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/gnomi-partners-with-wikimedia-enterprise/ GNOMI Partners with Wikimedia Enterprise] to Bring Trusted Human Knowledge to Its AI News Agent. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br/><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Board Elections Eligibility:''' There are [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2027/Proposed eligibility criteria|new proposed eligibility criteria]] for standing as a candidate in Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election now [[Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2027/Proposed eligibility criteria|available for feedback]]. The requirements are more specific and detailed than in years past, to both inform the community of what the Board needs and to create multiple pathways to the Board for Wikimedians. '''Other Movement-curated newsletters & news'''<br/><small>''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/XXXXX|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:23, 22 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30782820 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin 2026 Issue 14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content" /> <div class="plainlinks"> [[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - horizontal.svg|150px|right|class=skin-invert|link=]] <div style="margin-top:10px; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">''Here is a quick overview of highlights from the Wikimedia Foundation since our last issue on July 18. Please help [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/14|translate]].''</div> <div style="clear:both"></div> ---- [[File:Wikimania 2026 Day 4 group photo.jpg|thumb|250px|Wikimania 2026 group photo with [[foundationsite:wikipedia25/wikipedia-mascot|Baby Globe]]]] '''Special Wikimania issue'''<br/> <small>''This is a special Wikimania issue of the Bulletin. We'll be back to our regular format in the next issue''</small> *'''Wikimania Paris''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/22/wikimania-2026-paris/|Paris hosted Wikimania 2026]] as Wikipedia celebrates 25 years of free knowledge. Catch up on missed sessions of Wikimania 2026 by [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/schedule/ checking session pages in the program.] *'''Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026:''' The beloved Wikimedian of The Year awards shine the light on exceptional individuals, and through them, on the whole Wikimedia community. Learn about all of [[diffblog:2026/07/22/meet-the-wikimedians-of-the-year-2026/|this year's winners]]. *'''Daily highlights from Wikimania:''' **[[diffblog:2026/07/22/wikimania-2026-defining-a-moment-of-change/|Day 1 – Defining a moment of change]] **[[diffblog:2026/07/23/wikimania-2026-freedom-equity-and-reliability/|Day 2 – Freedom, equity and reliability]] **[[diffblog:2026/07/24/wikimania-2026-growing-language-communities/|Day 3 – Growing language communities]] **[[diffblog:2026/07/25/wikimania-2026-the-joy-of-contributing/|Day 4 – The joy of contributing]] *'''Public policy advocacy''': Overview of Wikimania 2026 [[diffblog:2026/07/20/understand-the-forces-shaping-free-knowledge-wikimania-2026-public-policy-advocacy-sessions-to-join/|sessions about public policy advocacy]]. While not all sessions are recorded, you can watch some by clicking the session. *'''Users with extended rights''' '''pre-conference''': 190 users with extended rights from all around the world gathered at a [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/wikimania2026/talk/SJHKEK/ Wikimania pre-conference], to exchange experiences, learn from each other and connect. *'''Media coverage:''' The event was mentioned in many media outlets as part of wider coverage about the Wikimedia projects including in [https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2026/07/23/le-modele-de-wikipedia-menace-par-l-ia_6731138_4408996.html?srsltid=AfmBOoom_Z9VnLLbIIzRsvJvlEfrPdOn7nE6bx_lE57mgckjj70pOEJH Le Monde], [https://www.elnacional.com/2026/07/wikipedia-celebra-25-anos-de-resistencia-en-paris/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1785509024172436&usg=AOvVaw2j7MHBb_WewEYxHLBYrJ0O El Nacional] and [https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/le-18-20-le-telephone-sonne/le-telephone-sonne-du-mercredi-22-juillet-2026-5846524 Radio France]. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Engage|Engage]]'''<br/><small>''See also: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters|Growth]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]]&nbsp;· [[mw:Newsletter:Language and Internationalization Newsletter|Language and Internationalization]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter|The Wikipedia Library]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:AllEvents|list of movement events]]&nbsp;· [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|Wikifunctions & Abstract Wikipedia]]''</small> *'''Improvement to Reading Lists''': Community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]] has been incorporated. 93% of participating users reported that it was useful. This feature allows saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. *'''Creating custom edit suggestions''': With the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature, volunteers can now create custom local suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration. Share your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]]. *'''Dark mode for Content Translation:''' [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. *'''Mobile page preview''': Based on the conclusion of the experiment, [[mw:Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|mobile page previews]] feature will not be rolled out. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. *'''Scaling of Explore Feed to iOS''': The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Home Feed redesign will be scaled to iOS by applying the learnings from the Android release. *'''Improving Account Creation process''': After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[m:Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. [[phab:T430604|Read more]]. *'''Latest experiments''': An [[phab:T416418|ongoing experiment]] is testing to better guide Temporary Account users toward full account creation. See all live, upcoming, and completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology|experiments in Product & Technology]]. *'''Tech News''': The latest highlights from Tech News week [[diffblog:2026/07/21/tech-news-2026-issue-30/|30]] and [[diffblog:2026/07/27/tech-news-2026-issue-31/|31]] include that now wikis can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|restrict editing in the “User” namespace]] to only the page owner and certain user groups. See also the 50 community submitted tasks that were resolved over the last two weeks. *'''New bot detection system for all wikis''': After a successful trial, which showed evidence of both deterring bots and being easier to use, hCaptcha (our new bot detection system) has been rolled out to all wikis, for account creation, and for most newcomer edits. '''Annual Goals Progress on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Goals/Protect|Protect]]'''<br /><small>''See also: [[diffblog:global-advocacy|Global Advocacy blog]]&nbsp;· [https://mailchi.mp/wikimedia/global-advocacy-policy-newsletter Global Advocacy Newsletter]&nbsp;· [https://wikimediapolicy.medium.com Policy blog]''</small> *'''Online age verification''': Around the world, governments are adopting different approaches to online age verification. Learn more about it and how it is shaping our experiences online in a new three-part blog series: [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-1-3-what-is-it-a-timeline-of-age-based-restrictions-and-why-it-matters/|"What is it, a timeline of age-based restrictions, and why it matters"]], [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-2-3-what-means-what-how-its-done-and-balancing-child-rights-and-safety/|"What means what, how it's done, and balancing child rights and safety"]], and [[diffblog:2026/07/20/online-age-verification-explained-part-3-3-age-based-restrictions-draft-bills-to-watch-global-complexity-and-engaging-with-lawsuits/|"Age-based restrictions, draft bills to watch, global complexity, and engaging with lawsuits"]]. '''Board and Board committee updates'''<br /><small>''See also: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard|Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News|Affiliations Committee Newsletter]]''</small> *'''Affiliation Committees''': [[diffblog:2026/07/20/celebrating-20-years-of-the-wikimedia-affiliations-committee/|Celebrating 20 Years]] of the Wikimedia Affiliations Committee. '''Other updates''' *'''Enterprise''': How Wikimedia Enterprise [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/16/wikimedia-enterprise-protecting-wikipedia-ai/|protects Wikipedia in the AI era]]. *'''Unionization''': [[foundationsite:news/2026/07/27/statement-cwa-recognition-request/|Wikimedia Foundation Statement]] on US unionization request. '''Other Movement-curated newsletters & news'''<br /><small>''[[diffblog:|Diff blog]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Goings-on|Goings-on]]&nbsp;· [https://en.planet.wikimedia.org/ Planet Wikimedia]&nbsp;· [[w:en:WP:SIGNPOST|Signpost (en)]]&nbsp;· [[w:de:Wikipedia:Kurier|Kurier (de)]]&nbsp;· [[wikt:fr:Wiktionnaire:Actualités|Actualités du Wiktionnaire (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia|Regards sur l'actualité de la Wikimedia (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[w:fr:Wikipédia:Wikimag|Wikimag (fr)]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News|Education]]&nbsp;· [[outreachwiki:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM/Newsletter|GLAM]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia News|Milestones]]&nbsp;· [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Status updates|Wikidata]]&nbsp;· [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CEE/Newsletter|Central and Eastern Europe]]&nbsp;· [[m:Newsletters|other newsletters]]''</small> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;"> '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Subscribe or unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2026/14|Help translate]]''' For information about the Bulletin and to read previous editions, see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|project page on Meta-Wiki]]. If you have feedback or suggestions about the bulletin, let us know at foundationbulletin@wikimedia.org. For questions about the Wikimedia Foundation's work, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Contact us|contact us]]! </div> </div> <section end="content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RAdimer-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Foundation_Bulletin&oldid=30782820 --> qm964vubev17c5jvpkuhen6l2q6m8ko Makurdi 0 7455 891395 843108 2026-08-04T17:00:50Z Baffa ali 47435 891395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Makurdi''' wani birni ne, da ke a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benue]], a ƙasar [[Nijeriya]]. Shi ne babban birnin jihar Benue. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2007, akwai jimilar mutane 500,797 (dubu dari biyar da dari bakwai da tisa'in da bakwai). == Yawan Jama'a == Manyan ƙabilun da ke yankin sun haɗa da [[Tiv]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bergsma|first=Harold M.|date=November 2015|title=PROLOGUE: HISTORY OF THE TIV|journal=Africa |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=611–627 |doi=10.1017/S0001972015000613 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/prologue-history-of-the-tiv/DD0357DB2B8E7BBFC5B3DDF81819F8A2/core-reader|access-date=November 1, 2020}}</ref> Idoma, [[Hausa]], [[Igede]], [[Jukunawa|Jukun]], [[Agatu]], Etulo, Alago da [[Igbo]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Makurdi}} [[Category:Biranen Najeriya]] [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Benue]] 03z9vib9sm772zcivasu31e02rdmxuz Yaro Bature 0 8945 891473 788285 2026-08-04T20:42:25Z Baffa ali 47435 891473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bature yaro.jpg|thumb|dan wasa kwallo ne]] '''Yaro Bature''' (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Disamba, 1995) tsohon ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]]ne na ƙasar [[Nijeriya]]. Yafara buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Nijeriya daga shekara ta 2015.<ref>https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/yaro-bature/479398{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sannan mukamin sa da kwarewarsa ita ce yana buga tsakiya .{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Bature, Yaro}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Nijeriya]] [[category:Haifaffun 1995]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 5vgq518loz0dc4kb211uh1iib6zkal3 Yola ta Kudu 0 9211 891520 512922 2026-08-04T22:07:28Z Baffa ali 47435 891520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yola South LGA in Adamawa State.svg|thumb|Yola]] '''Yola ta Kudu''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake [[Jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya]]. Ita ce tsohuwar garin [[Yola]]. Sannan munada yawan mutane Kamar haka 236.1 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Yola ta Kudu}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Adamawa]] o3mmzlujy3n0rbmhho2c3deashdk24b Goronyo 0 9244 891527 863341 2026-08-04T22:29:17Z Baffa ali 47435 891527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Goronyo''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya| karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Sokoto]], Arewa maso yamman kasar [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} [[Category: Kananan hukumomin jihar Sokoto]] tanada kauyuka kamar taloka,shinanka,kwakwazo,rimawa,goronyo lokal government a ce a jahar sokoto,tana yankin sokoto ta gabasa,tana makabata ka daga lokal government,ita ce lokal government da ada rima dama, lokal government ce da take Yan Boko da Yan kasuwa,sai dai mutane wannan lokal government sunfi Maida hankali ga noma masaman noma dama na da rani,suna noma Albasa da tataisai da tafarnuwa da saura kayan gonna, wannan lokal government tana day Dan majalisa jaha guda.a kasancewar sa yanki a lokaci. 6cewf8tq3wwtw7n49cpmjuctyaxh18c Yabo, Najeriya 0 9246 891398 885465 2026-08-04T17:13:00Z Baffa ali 47435 891398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yabawa {{Stub}}Karamar Hukumar ce Mulkin Yabo a cikin sokoto,tana a yamma ga jahar sokoto,tana da din bin tarihi a cikin daular usmaniyya ta shehu Dan fodiyo,sunan sarautar itace Sarki Kabin Yabo,mai rike da wannan sarautar ya fito ne daga zuriyar Moyijo, kuma yana daya daga cikin 'yan majalisar sarki Muslimai, kuma daya daga cikin masu nada sarkin Musulmai. Karamar Hukumar Yabo tana daya daga cikin kananan hukumomi a jahar sokoto masu manya 'Yan boko a jahar sokoto,tana da Dan majalisa na jiha guda daya, sunfi yin Noman da damuna bisa ga na na Rani. 7jae55qzp8fwsmkejmxqgqwx8zpo9vv Garki (Nijeriya) 0 9273 891396 839955 2026-08-04T17:03:57Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 891396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Garki'''({{ Audio|Garki, Jigawa state.ogg|Pronunciation}}) [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Karamar Hukuma]] ce dake a Jihar [[Jigawa]], Arewa maso yamman [[Nijeriya]]. Jahar yan fulani da nijarawa. == Yanayin Ƙasa == Lokacin damina a Garki yana da tsauri kuma gabaɗaya yana da duhu, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na digiri 60 zuwa 104 na Fahrenheit. Garki yana da lokacin rani tare da ɗan gajimare da yanayi mai zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Garki Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61895/Average-Weather-in-Garki-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Garki, Jigawa, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/jigawa/garki |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Jigawa]] ps5fn9y1dg2yga24cp3kunblzsguc4d Ukum 0 9552 891404 890268 2026-08-04T17:29:20Z Baffa ali 47435 891404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Wetherby Magistrate Court (25th January 2020) 001.jpg|thumb|garin ukum]] '''Ukum''' daya ce daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|kananan hukumomin]] [[jihar Benue]] dake a shiyar tsakiyar Najeriya.wandaa kalla fadin ta yakai kimanin 216,939a shekarar 2006 wajen yawan fili kuwa yakai kimanin 1514km Yawan mutane kuwa yakai kimanin 143.28 mazaunan. == Yanayi == Yanayin Ukum ya kasu zuwa yanayi biyu, wato lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Lokacin damina yakan fara daga watan Maris har zuwa Oktoba, yayin da lokacin rani yakan fara daga ƙarshen watan Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar watan Maris. Ukum tana a matsayi na Latitude 7°38'38" Arewa da Longitude 9°33'49" Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weather in Ukum - accurate and detailed weather forecast in Ukum for today, tomorrow and week. Ukum, Benue, Nigeria |url=https://meteotrend.com/forecast/district/ng/benue-state/ukum/ |access-date=2025-11-08 |website=meteotrend.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Benue]] 8it3m8ge9y5p1850n4v5b29hf45mlqw Aniocha ta Arewa 0 9753 891619 891124 2026-08-05T08:22:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aniocha ta Arewa''' wata [[Ƙaramar hukuma]] ce da ke [[Jihar Delta]], [[Najeriya]], tare da hedikwatarta a [[Issele-Uku]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Delta |url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/about/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=DELTA STATE THE BIG HEART |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin ya ƙunshi wasu rukunin al’ummar [[Anioma]] da garuruwa daban-daban. Sansanin horaswa na dindindin na [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NYSC - Home |url=https://nysc.gov.ng/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=nysc.gov.ng}}</ref> na Jihar Delta yana garin Issele-Ukwu. Ƙaramar Hukumar tana da faɗin ƙasa da ya kai kilomita dubu dari hudu da shida 406.00 (dakuma dubu arba'in da dari shida 40,600 ko mil dari da hammsin da shida da sigo saba'in da shida 156.76), tare da tsayin mita 259 (ƙafa 850) daga matakin teku. Aniocha ta Arewa na da yanayin savanna mai zafi bisa tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen (Aw),<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2025 |title=Idumuje, Igboko, Aniocha North |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2338928.html |website=Monday.org}}</ref> kuma tana da yawan jama’a da ya kai 104,062 bisa ƙidayar shekarar 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> Lambar akwatin gidan waya (postal code) ta yankin ita ce 320.<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx| archivedate= 7 October 2009 | url-status= dead}}</ref> Tanada fadi kamar haka 104,062 a(2006) . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Delta]] mr2jr119dn7nk8wqn2cyeomv5o3sj6e Isiala Mbano 0 9973 891412 441894 2026-08-04T17:46:51Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 891412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Isiala Mbano''' na daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[Jihar Imo]] dake kudu maso Gabas, [[Nijeriya]].wanda yawan mutanen ya kai kimanin 1192.3 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo]] scfrymle1wsxr8f059pi80gx9qycsy1 891464 891412 2026-08-04T20:24:00Z Baffa ali 47435 891464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Isiala Mbano''' na daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[Jihar Imo]] dake kudu maso Gabas, [[Nijeriya]].wanda yawan mutanen ya kai kimanin 1192.3 . Sannan ya wan mutanen ya kai kimanin 1,192.2 dakuma fadin kasa wanda ya kai kimanin 197,921 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo]] jmap556u1vqyl7jpl8m16bsezq4y2dr Kurmi (Nijeriya) 0 10103 891487 384775 2026-08-04T21:19:46Z Baffa ali 47435 891487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kurmi''' Karamar hukuma ce, kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|kananan hukumomi]]n da suke a [[Jihar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] wadda ke a shiyar Arewa maso Gabas a kasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].a kalla ta da fadi 91,282 . {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] n71ihusg7p9zoij6lpv3bmcvgkntr1z Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana) 0 10197 891498 286012 2026-08-04T21:24:38Z Baffa ali 47435 891498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sea Coastline and Beach, Central region, South Ghana.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Sea Coastline and Beach, yankin tsakiya, South Ghana]] '''Yankin Tsakiya''' takasance daya daga cikin yankin gwamnatin kasar [[Ghana]]; babban birnin yankin itace [[Cape Coast]]. Tana da yawan fili wanda yakai 9,826 . [[File:Celebrations after 2016 Ghana Elections win by the NPP.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Mazauna yankin na murnar lashe zaɓen da jam'iyyar NPP ta yi, a zaben shekarar 2016]] {{Stub}} [[Category:Yankunan kasar Ghana]] ih11w6i3t83ajvsa3jyj6ajey1fnfd9 Bogotá 0 11206 891402 515842 2026-08-04T17:20:55Z Baffa ali 47435 891402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Bogoro Nigeria page banner.jpg|thumb|Bogoro_Nigeria_page_banner]]{{databox}} [[File:Bogoro Nigeria page banner.jpg|thumb|Bogoro_Nigeria_page_banner]] [[File:Bogotá Actual.png|thumb|right|250px|{{PAGENAME}}]] '''Bogotá''' birni ne, da ke a yankin birnin Bogotá D.C, a ƙasar [[Kolombiya]]. Shi ne babban birnin ƙasar Kolombiya. Bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2015, Bogotá tana da yawan jama'a 7,181,469. An gina birnin Bogotá a shekara ta 1534.sannan a kalla yawan filayen yakai kimanin kilomita 1578km^2 . <gallery> File:Avenida_El_dorado_con_calle_32_A_-_Contralor%C3%ADa_de_Bogot%C3%A1.JPG|Contraloria Distrital de Bogotá. File:Nari%C3%B1o_BOGOT%C3%81_-_COLOMBIA.jpg|Casa de Nariño File:Plaza_Che,_Bogot%C3%A1.jpg|National University of Colombia, Bogotá Campus, Central Square File:O%27Leary_en_Bogot%C3%A1.JPG|Daniel Florencio O'Leary File:Bogot%C3%A1_in_1868_(3686435-2).jpg|Birnin Bogotá a shekarar 1868. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} *{{Commonscat|Bogotá}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bogotá}} [[Category:Biranen Kolombiya]] p07sqbx4nwswdr8tlb70uy5cnugwbk0 Édouard Mendy 0 11268 891629 508940 2026-08-05T08:59:48Z Baffa ali 47435 891629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:%C3%89douard_Mendy_2021.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edouard Mendy]] [[File:Edouard_Mendy.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edouard Mendy]] [[Fayil:2021 FIFA Club World Cup Final - 30.jpg|thumb|Édouard Mendy]] '''Édouard Mendy''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1992 a garin [[Montivilliers]], a ƙasar [[Faransa]]) shi ne ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar [[Senegal]]. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon kafa a Ƙungiyar wasan ƙwallon kafa ƙasar Senegal daga shekara ta 2018. [[File:Troph%C3%A9e_CAN_(6).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Edouard Mendy]] {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Mendy, Edouard}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Senegal]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1992]] 1wrwltidlxmwbpqahi9x2ukxg7vkex6 Gunganci 0 12621 891617 442438 2026-08-05T08:16:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gunganci''' (Reshe) harshen Kainji a [[Nijeriya]] ne. Ya da harsunan nijar da Congo da volta da Congo da Atlantika da Congo da sauransu. {{Stub}} ==Duba kuma== *[[Harsunan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsunan Kainji]] du2h9fbfyqry3ptprdoy8m1xinoix8m Ummu Haram 0 12700 891409 445299 2026-08-04T17:43:47Z Baffa ali 47435 891409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ummu Haram''' ta kasance daya daga cikin sahabban [[Annabi]] [[Muhammad]] S.A.W, yar [[Madina]] ce kuma ta fita yake-yake da yawa, ta halacci yakin [[Badar]] da kuwa hai faffar madina ce . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== irecif10vnuusrxpjv1tqsrejgssh7u Ƙosai 0 13068 891423 711587 2026-08-04T18:04:36Z Kaddi123 38060 891423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Val Beans.jpg|thumb|wake wanda ake yin ƙosai dashi]] [[File:Fried Bean Cake.jpg|thumb|kalan wani ƙosai na busasshen wake]] [[File:Beans Cake.jpg|thumb|masu soya ƙosai]] [[Fayil:Akara and kwunu breakfast (beans cake and pap).jpg|thumb|Kunu da kosai]] [[Fayil:Kosai Mixture.jpg|thumb|kullun kosai]] [[Fayil:Fried beans cake with pap and milk.jpg|thumb|[[Fayil:Kullun kosai.jpg|thumb]]]] '''Ƙosai''' dai wani nau’in ne na abinci da ake amfani da shi a gargajiyan ce. Kuma ana yin shi ne da [[wake]] ta hanyar jika waken, sai a surfa shi, Bayan an surfa shi, sai a wanke asa tarugu Da albasa a kai a nika shi. Bayan kuma an nika sai asa sunadaran dandano a buga shi. Sannan sai a dinga soya shi da mai sai a ci.kosai Yana cikin na'uin abinci da ake cema protein Wanda jiki na bukata shi domin Gina jiki da samun lafiya, wannan irin na'uin abinci jiki yakan yi Amfani da shi Yana daukar tsowon awa shida kafin ya gama Aiki a jiki, Yana shi cikin jini bayan ya narake ya Gina jiki<ref>https://cheflolaskitchen.com/akara-acaraje/</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/najeriya/20150902-ba-cin-kosai-kauyen-chikuku-abuja-nigeria</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How to make Akara - African Bean Fritters recipe|url=https://cheflolaskitchen.com/akara-acaraje/|date=2015-07-27|website=Chef Lola's Kitchen|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> [[File:Wainar Kosai.jpg|thumb|Wainar Kosai]] [[File:Akara woman.jpeg|thumb|mata Mai sana'a siya ƙosai]] Kuma akan ci shi da koko ko kunun tsamiya. Sannan haka nan ma ana iya cin shi. Mafi akasarin Hausawa da koko da kosai suke yin karin kumallo. Saboda Bahaushe bai cika son abinci mai nauyi ba, musamman da safe, shi ya sa yake son koko da  kosai. <ref>https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/how-to-make-nigerian-akara/</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1176196-hausa-foods-prepare-them.html</ref> [[File:Fried beans cake with pap and milk.jpg|thumb|ƙosai da yaji da madara]] [[File:Preparing bean cake.jpg|thumb|wata Mata tana suyar ƙosai]] [[Fayil:Akara and kwunu breakfast (beans cake and pap).jpg|thumb|koko da kosai]] Kosai dai wani abinci ne wanda ake yin sa daga kullun wake, sannan kuma aka soya shi a cikin kasko haɗe da mai. Yayinda koko daɗaɗɗen abinci ne, kuma tsohon abincin gargajiya ne na Hausa wanda aka yi shi da gero da masara da kuma dawa, ana kara wasu kayan hadin da sukan kara masa dadi. <ref>https://cookpad.com/ng-ha/search/yadda</ref><ref>https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Top 3 Hausa foods and how to prepare them|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176196-hausa-foods-prepare-them.html|last=Ibenegbu|first=George|date=2018-07-11|website=www.legit.ng|language=en|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Akara Recipe: How to Make Akara|url=https://www.nigerianfoodtv.com/how-to-make-nigerian-akara/|last=Lete|first=Nky Lily|date=2013-02-23|website=Nigerian Food TV|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref>. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[category: Abincin Hausawa]] [[Category:Abinci]] qews380wifr76klbydo2s1s2f824336 Taliya 0 13075 891416 871139 2026-08-04T17:58:57Z Kaddi123 38060 891416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Noodles 7.jpg|thumb|Jollop din taliya]] [[Fayil:Taliya da kifi da koyi.jpg|thumb|taliya da kwai da kifi]] [[Fayil:A delicious Awara and Taliya.png|thumb|taliyan dage dage]] [[Fayil:Dalian Liaoning China Noodlemaker-01.jpg|thumb|masu hada taliya]] [[Fayil:Eating steaming noodles; January 2019.jpg|thumb|yan China nacin taliya]] '''Taliya''' Taliya [[abinci]] ne mai saukin dafawa, sannan kuma tana daya daga cikin abinci mai saurin dafuwa. Akan sarrafa ta da salo daban-daban, ana hada ta da shinkafa ana kuma hadda ta da wake.Wasu sukan yi faten ta, da yaji ko miya.Kuma muna da ire-iren [[taliya]] guda biyu sune kamar haka akwai taliyar hausa wadda ake hadawa da [[fulawa]] akwai kuma ta zamani wadda [[kamfani]] ke bugowa ana kiranta da taliya abinci ne dake saukin ci masaman ga Yara da tsofafi tana daya daga abinci na'uin carbohydrates, Wanda yakan Samar da karfi ga jiki domin samun kuzari ita ma taliya ta dauki tsahowon awa uku kafin ta narake, taliya Bata cika gina jiki ba indai ba tana tare Wani no'in abinci irin kifi ko nama ba[[Spaghetti|sphaget]] .<ref>https://www.recipeselected.com/ha/recipe-with/pasta/</ref><ref>https://cookpad.com/ng-ha/recipes/14044350-jallop-din-taliya-da-dankali?via=search&search_term=taliya</ref><ref>https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html</ref> [[File:Idiyappam with Egg Masala Curry.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Dafaffan taliya da miya da kwai]] == Bibiliyo. == * Adamu, Abdalla Uba, 1956-, Adamu, Yusuf Muhammad., Jibril, Umar Faruk. ''[[Hausa]] home videos : technology, economy and society''. Kano, Nigeria: Center for Hausa Cultural Studies. 2004. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-36906-0-4|<bdi>978-36906-0-4</bdi>]].[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;61158034. * Abubakar Aliyu Mohammed. Cultural Torism. [[ISBN]]:978-978-087-937-2 == Manazarta. == [[Category:Abinci]] kqmsvq655e0g1qnccm85stum3cklcjc Funmi Iyanda 0 13740 891465 833915 2026-08-04T20:24:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Funmi Iyanda.jpg|thumb|Funmi Iyanda]] '''Olufunmilola Aduke Iyanda''' (an haife ta ranar 27 ga watan Yulin shekarar alif 1971) wadda aka fi saninta da '''Funmi Iyanda''', mai gabatar da shirin (talk show host) a Najeriya ce, mai gabatar da shirye-shirye, mai watsa shirye-shiryen labarai, kuma mai '''talla a shafin''' yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/ask-funmi-funmi-iyanda-discusses-beauty-with-john-maclean/6krzkx7|title=Funmi Iyanda discusses beauty with John Maclean|date=2017-06-20|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121131355/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/ask-funmi-funmi-iyanda-discusses-beauty-with-john-maclean/6krzkx7|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paradisenews.ng/29320/ask-funmi-season-2-series|title=Oya Media UK Announces Season 2 Of ASK Funmi Series {{!}} CR|last=Admin|website=Paradise News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2010/03/talk-with-funmi-visits-the-irrepressible-aj-city/|title=Talk With Funmi visits the Irrepressible AJ City|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2010-03-26|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/funmi-iyanda/|title=Funmi Iyanda - Biography And Entrepreneurial Life Of Funmi Iyanda|last=ReDahlia|date=2018-11-08|website=Entrepreneurs In Nigeria|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-04-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407163211/https://www.entrepreneurs.ng/funmi-iyanda/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beijing20.unwomen.org/en/voices-and-profiles/champions|title=Voices and profiles .:. Gender equality champions|website=UN Women {{!}} The Beijing Platform for ActionTurns 20|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Queen of tube, Funmi Iyanda escapes death|last=SAMUEL OLATUNJI|date=30 September 2008|url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3001/3/queen-of-tube-funmi-iyanda-escapes-death.html|access-date=18 July 2010|work=Modern Ghana}}</ref> [1] <ref>[http://theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com/2009/10/sharing-dawn-with-funmi.html "Sharing a dawn with Funmi"], The Guardian Life'', 26 October 2009.''</ref> Ta samar da kuma shirya wani sanannen magana mai suna ''New Dawn tare da Funmi'', [3] wanda ke watsa kan hanyar sadarwa ta sama da shekaru takwas. Funmi ita ce Shugaba na Ignite Media, wata kungiyar watsa labarai da ke gudana daga Legas. A shekarar 2011, Tawagar tattalin arzikin duniya ta karrama shi da kasancewa Shugaban kungiyar Matasa ta Duniya (YGL) , kuma nan ba da jimawa ba, aka nada ta daya daga cikin Mata 'Yan Mata Masu Zaman Kware na Forbes 20 a Afirka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Funmi Iyanda: ‘I’m Not Competing With Mo’ Abudu’|date=21 February 2010|author=Ayeni Adekunle|url=http://www.thenetng.com/2010/02/21/funmi-iyanda-exclusive-im-not-competing-with-mo-abudu/|accessdate=18 July 2010|publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today|archive-date=31 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731070830/http://www.thenetng.com/2010/02/21/funmi-iyanda-exclusive-im-not-competing-with-mo-abudu|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Queen of tube, Funmi Iyanda escapes death|author=SAMUEL OLATUNJI|date=30 September 2008|url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/3001/3/queen-of-tube-funmi-iyanda-escapes-death.html|accessdate=18 July 2010|work=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/funmi-iyanda-goddess-silver-screen/|publisher=My Newswatch Times|title=Funmi Iyanda: Goddess of silver screen|date=September 23, 2014}}{{dead link|date=January 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>Jumoke Giwa, [http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html "Conversations: Meet Funmi Iyanda 'Nigeria's queen of talk'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719093837/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html |date=2019-07-19 }}, ''Nigeria Village Square'', 26 August 2006.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/11/funmi-iyanda-biography.html|title=Nigerian Biography: Funmi Iyanda Biography|website=www.nigerianbiography.com|access-date=2016-05-14|archive-date=2016-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616213759/http://www.nigerianbiography.com/2015/11/funmi-iyanda-biography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.tubefollow.com/worldeconomicforum/1297737658574868731/|title=World Economic Forum Funmi Iyanda Chief Executive Officer|website=TUBE FOLLOW|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127180350/https://en.tubefollow.com/worldeconomicforum/1297737658574868731/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Farkon rayuwa == Funmi Iyanda an haife ta ne a Legas a cikin gidan dangin Gabriel da kuma Yetunde Iyanda. Mahaifinta asalinsa daga garin [[Ogbomosho|Ogbomoso]] yake kuma mahaifiyar daga [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu-Ode]], ta girma ne a yankin Legas Mainland, amma mahaifiyarta ta mutu tun tana da shekara bakwai. [6] Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta African Church Princess Primary School, Akoka, Herbert Macaulay School a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]], don karatun ta na farko sannan ta tafi International School Ibadan don karatun sakandare. Ta kuma halarci Jami’ar Ibadan, inda ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin karatun digiri a fannin ilimin Injiniya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/03/26/talk-with-funmi-visits-the-irrepressible-aj-city/|accessdate=18 July 2010|title=Talk With Funmi visits the Irrepressible AJ City|newspaper=[[BellaNaija]]|date=26 March 2010}}</ref>. == ''Good Morning Nigeria'' da aikin jarida == Fitowar Funmi a cikin talabijin ta fara ne lokacin da ta fara samarwa da gabatar da ''Good Morning Nigeria'', wasan kwaikwayon talabijin na mujallar karin kumallo. Nunin ya zama wani bugu, tare da rukunin "jarumawa", wanda ya daukaka nasarar da ya cancanci membobin al'umma, da "Street Life", wanda ba kamar yadda ake nuna abubuwa da yawa a lokacin ba don neman tilastawa dan Najeriya ɗan adam. labarai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nairaland.com/365688/funmi-iyanda-challenge-man-come|title=Funmi Iyanda: I Challenge Any Man To Come And Say He Has Slept With Me - Nairaland / General - Nigeria|website=www.nairaland.com|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/bisi-alimi-nigeria-gay-homosexuality-lgbt-survivor/|title=‘I Was the First Person to Come Out as Gay on Live TV in Nigeria’|website=Global Citizen|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/life/funmi-iyanda-the-legend-of-a-woman-2/|title=Funmi Iyanda: The Legend Of A Woman|last=|first=|date=|website=guardian.ng|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528155303/https://guardian.ng/life/funmi-iyanda-the-legend-of-a-woman-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/11/funmi-iyanda-blazing-a-trail-as-a-debutante-movie-producer/|title=Funmi Iyanda: Blazing a Trail as a Debutante Movie Producer|last=editor|date=2019-10-11|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2010/09/bbc-world-documentary-on-nigeria-%e2%80%9cmy-country%e2%80%9d-by-funmi-iyanda-chris-dada-kicks-off-with-lagos-stories-this-weekend/|title=BBC World Documentary on Nigeria “My Country” by Funmi Iyanda & Chris Dada kicks off with “Lagos Stories” This Weekend|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2010-09-30|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/tag/occupy-nigeria/|title=Occupy Nigeria|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202083848/https://africasacountry.com/tag/occupy-nigeria|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fabwoman.ng/funmilola-aduke-iyanda-biography-profile-fabwoman/funmi-iyanda-chop-cassava/|title=Funmi-iyanda Chop Cassava - FabWoman {{!}} News, Style, Living Content For The Nigerian Woman|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesheet.ng/the-sheet-woman-of-the-week-funmi-iyanda-meet-nigerias-finest-female-tv-host/|title=THE SHEET Woman Of The Week: Funmi Iyanda - Why Is She Is Referred To As The Chief Witch Of Nigerian Broadcasting? » . Thesheet.ng|last=Oyeniyi|first=Sola|date=2015-09-15|website=Thesheet.ng|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2016-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826185703/http://thesheet.ng/the-sheet-woman-of-the-week-funmi-iyanda-meet-nigerias-finest-female-tv-host/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nunin ya mayar da hankali ne kan rashin adalcin da 'yan Najeriya suke sha ne, musamman ma mutane masu rauni kamar su mata da yara. Shirin na gudana ne a talabijin na kasar. Farkon abin da ta gano shine MITV Live wacce [[Segun Odegbami]] da Tunde Kelani suka samar . <ref>Jumoke Giwa, [http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html "Conversations: Meet Funmi Iyanda 'Nigeria's queen of talk'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719093837/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html |date=2019-07-19 }}, ''Nigeria Village Square'', 26 August 2006.</ref> Har ila yau, ta gano cikakkiyar sha'awarta game da wasanni, da shiga duniyar aikin jarida. Ta yi aiki a kan shirin gaskiya na Kwallon Kafa na Afirka na shekarar 2006 kuma ta rufe gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar 1999, da duk Wasannin Afirka a Zimbabwe, da kuma wasannin Olympics na shekarar 2000 da shekara ta 2004 a Sydney da Athens. == ''Sabuwar Dawn tare da Funmi'' == Tare da kwarewar da ta samu a lokacin ''Good Morning Nigeria'', Funmi ta nemi babban dandamali don isa ga mutane kuma a cikin shekarar 2000 ta fara samar da kuma daukar nauyin shirin ''New Dawn'' . ''Sabon Dawn tare da Funmi ya'' fara a cikin shekarar 2000 kuma yana gudana kowace rana akan NTA 10 Lagos. Nasarar wasan kwaikwayon ta sa ya kasance mafi dadewa cikin gudana ba tare da nuna komai ba a NTA. Nunin ya yi amfani da tasirin sa a matsayin abin hawa don canjin zamantakewar jama'a da canji ta hanyar bayar da shawarwarin sanadiyyar haifar da ƙarancin membobin al'umma, musamman mata, matasa da yara. ''New Dawn'' ya haifi aikin "Canji-A-Life" na aikin ba da taimakon jama'a. A tsawon shekaru, Canjin-A-Life ya shafi rayuwar yawancin yara da mutane ta hanyar malanta, kiwon lafiya, ba da shawara da kuma tsarin ba da tallafin ƙananan kuɗi. Tsarin tallafin karatu na tallafin yara 98 ne. Funmi ya kuma rubuta kasusuwa na yau da kullun a cikin ''mujallar Tempo'' . A wani lokaci har yanzu tana hidimar ''adabi na Jaridar Farafina'' . Ta kuma rubuta wa PM NEWS, ''The Punch'', ''Aminiya'' da Jaridar Vanguard .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/is-funmi-iyanda-staging-a-comeback/|title=Is Funmi Iyanda staging a comeback? » Tribune Online|date=2019-03-02|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nextedition.com.ng/funmi-iyanda-olumide-makanjuola-kunle-afolayan-others-witness-walking-with-shadows-premiere-see-photos|title=Funmi Iyanda, Olumide Makanjuola, Kunle Afolayan, Others, Witness ’Walking With Shadows’ Premiere (See photos)|last=Edition|first=Next|date=2019-11-16|website=The Next Edition|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://le.ac.uk/africa-research-group/about/who-we-are/meet-our-interdisciplinary-team/group-patron|title=Group Patron {{!}} Africa Research Group {{!}} University of Leicester|website=le.ac.uk|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026073209/https://le.ac.uk/africa-research-group/about/who-we-are/meet-our-interdisciplinary-team/group-patron|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/193824-funmi-iyanda-makes-history-as-first-african-woman-to-receive-honorary-fellowship-from-uk-varsity.html|title=Funmi Iyanda makes history as first African woman to receive honorary fellowship from UK varsity - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2015-11-23|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@FunmiIyanda/theory-of-death-in-conversation-with-my-mother-6a68278f54a6|title=THEORY OF DEATH: IN CONVERSATION WITH MY MOTHER|last=Iyanda|first=funmi|date=2018-01-29|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://skynews24.com/funmi-iyandas-full-biography-celebrity-bio/|title=Funmi Iyanda’s Full Biography [Celebrity Bio]|date=2015-09-15|website=skynews24.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ngstudentforum.com.ng/p/4097/funmi-iyanda-biography|title=Funmi Iyanda Biography - Biography|website=Nigeria Student Forum|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406132532/https://ngstudentforum.com.ng/p/4097/funmi-iyanda-biography|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html|title=Conversations: Meet Funmi Iyanda "Nigeria's queen of talk"|website=www.nigeriavillagesquare.com|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719093837/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/articles/conversations-meet-funmi-iyanda-nigerias-queen-of-talk.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == ''Yi Magana Tare da Funmi'' == A shekara ta 2010, bayan hutu na shekara biyu, sai ta koma gidan daukar hoto tare da ''Magana da Funmi'' ( ''TWF'' ), wani wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin mai cike da tarihi wanda Chris Dada ya jagoranta. ''Yi Magana Tare da'' tafiye-tafiye na ''Funmi'' Nijeriya, daga jihohi zuwa jihohi, kama mutane da tattaunawa a cikin ƙasar. Takaitaccen tunani ne, mai haskakawa da walwala a rayuwar 'yan Najeriya daga ko'ina cikin kasar. Nunin yana tattaunawa da mutane a ko'ina - daga talakawa 'yan ƙasa suna tafiya game da kasuwancin su zuwa masu shahararrun ba a cikin sabon yanayi amma tsarin na al'ada. ''Ana ba da TWF'' a tashoshi a fadin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.informationng.com/2012/06/fummi-iyanda-and-chris-dada-receives-international-award.html|title=Fummi Iyanda and Chris Dada receives International Award|last=weke|date=2012-06-23|website=Information Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.latestnigeriannews.com/news/252176/|title=Another International Award Nomination For Funmi Iyanda and Chris Dada|last=Latestnigeriannews|website=Latest Nigerian News|language=English|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chopcassava.com/|title=Chopcassava - Documenting Nigeria's Fuel Subsidy Struggle - Video Blog|website=www.chopcassava.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hugedomains.com/domain_profile.cfm?d=nigerianbiography&e=com|title=HugeDomains.com - NigerianBiography.com is for sale (Nigerian Biography)|website=www.hugedomains.com|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsadmire.com/funmi-iyandas-walking-with-shadows-to-premiere-at-63rd-london-film-festival/|title=Funmi Iyanda's ''walking with shadows'' to Premiere at 63rd London Film Festival|date=2019-08-30|website=Newsadmire|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Walking with Shadows (2019) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt9043456/fullcredits|accessdate=2020-05-02}}</ref> == ''Kasata: Najeriya'' == A shekara ta 2010, Funmi Iyanda ta kammala samarwa kan ''Kasata: Najeriya'', wani shirin kashi uku da ke bikin bikin cika shekaru 50 da samun ‘yancin kasar, wanda aka watsa ta gidan rediyon BBC. ''Labarun Legas'', daya daga cikin jerin abubuwan shirin fim din ne, daga baya aka sanya shi cikin rukunin don "Mafi kyawun Labaran Littattafai" a cikin Taron Gidan Talabijin na Monte Carlo na shekarar 2011 a Monaco.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/09/21/funmi-iyanda-comes-out-walking-with-shadows/|title=Funmi Iyanda Comes Out ‘Walking with Shadows’|last=editor|date=2019-09-21|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanarguments.org/2019/11/25/funmi-iyanda-has-a-bold-new-movie-out-but-dont-call-it-a-comeback/|title=Funmi Iyanda has a bold new movie out. But don’t call it a comeback.|date=2019-11-25|website=African Arguments|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.konnectafrica.net/funmi-iyanda/|title=Funmi Iyanda; The Multi-Talented Media Personality and TV Icon|last=Nkem-Eneanya|first=Jennifer|date=2014-05-19|website=Konnect Africa|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327163715/https://konnectafrica.net/funmi-iyanda/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/129-funmi-iyanda|title=Funmi Iyanda|website=alinstitute.org|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2019-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821111349/https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/129-funmi-iyanda|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Chop cassava.com == A cikin shekarar 2012, Funmi Iyanda tare da takwararta Chris Dada sun saki Chopcassava.com, jerin sabbin shirye-shirye na yanar gizo wanda ke yin rajistar zanga-zangar tallafin mai a watan Janairu na shekarar 2012 wanda ya gudana a Legas, Najeriya. Jerin yanar gizo saboda baza a iya yada ta ba a gidan talabijin na Najeriya, jerin suna gabatar da ra'ayoyi daban daban game da zanga-zangar Legas, wanda mutane daga kowane aji suka hau kan tituna suna neman a sauya fasalin farashin mai na 117% a farashin mai. Zanga-zangar ta kasance cikin hanzari ta mamaye batutuwan da suka mamaye farashin mai, inda masu zanga-zangar suka mai da hankali kan fifikon gwamnati, da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a kasar. Shahararrun bidiyon, bidiyon chopcassava ya tafi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri, tare da ɗayan bidiyon da ke tara sama da 100,000 a cikin kwanaki biyar. An zabi Chopcassava.com a cikin rukunin labaran rashin labarai a BANFF World Media Festival, a Alberta, Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trendcelebsnow.com/funmi-iyanda-net-worth/|title=Funmi Iyanda - Net Worth 2020, Age, Bio, Height, Wiki, Facts!|last=ctnadmin|website=Trending Celebs Now|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tundefashola.com/archives/news/2012/03/16/20120316N11.html|title=Fashola Receives Funmi Iyanda On Return From Mt. Kilimanjaro In Aid Of Women’s Cause|website=www.tundefashola.com|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/funmi-iyanda-to-climb-mt-kilimanjaro/|title=Funmi Iyanda To Climb Mt. Kilimanjaro|date=2012-02-28|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>. == Rayuwarta == Funmi wacce tayi fice a fagen ayyukanta Funmi ta sami babbar daraja ga ayyukanta a kafofin watsa labarai da kuma irin ayyukan ta na jin kai da taimako. Tana memba ne a Cibiyar Shugabanci ta Afirka (African Leadership Institute), Tutu Fellow kuma memba ce a Cibiyar Sadarwa da Al'umma na Cibiyar ASPEN.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2017/06/funmi-iyanda-answers-the-question-are-you-religious-agnostic-or-atheist/|title=Funmi Iyanda Answers The Question|last=Woman.NG|date=2017-06-07|website=Woman.NG|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2019-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616212604/http://woman.ng/2017/06/funmi-iyanda-answers-the-question-are-you-religious-agnostic-or-atheist|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2012/03/26/%E2%80%9Ci%E2%80%99ve-never-had-wedding-day-dream-my-life%E2%80%9D-funmi-iyanda|title=“I’ve Never Had A Wedding Day Dream In My Life.”- Funmi Iyanda|date=2012-10-15|website=Sahara Reporters|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://funmiiyanda.com/funmi/|title=About|website=Funmi Iyanda|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121125858/https://funmiiyanda.com/funmi/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldpulse.com/community/users/titilope/posts/19210|title=NIGERIAN WOMEN SAY ABSOLUTE NO TO FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL|date=2012-01-10|website=World Pulse|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726145739/https://www.worldpulse.org/story/nigerian-women-say-absolute-no-to-fuel-subsidy-removal-43082|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2009/02/from-a-new-dawn-to-change-a-life-funmi-iyanda-is-a-making-difference/|title=From A New Dawn to Change-A-Life: Funmi Iyanda Is Making A Difference!|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2009-02-13|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, gwamnan jihar Legas, [[Babatunde Fashola|Babatunde Raji Fashola]] ya karrama ta, saboda irin kwazon da ta bayar wajen bayar da shawarwarin jinsi yayin da ta dawo daga wani taron bayar da shawarwari na kwanaki biyar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na trek up Dutsen Kilimanjaro . Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta shirya wannan hawan dutsen don wayar da kan jama'a game da yakin da take yi na kawo karshen cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata tare da hada kan mahauta daga kasashe sama da 32 na Afirka a cikin shirin bada tallafi na tarihi kan Dutsen Kilimanjaro. Funmi Iyanda ta shiga kungiyar mawaka ta Afirka ta Kudu Parlotones, 'yar wasan Afirka ta kudu Rosie Motene, lauya mai kare hakkin dan Adam Ann Njogu, mawakiyar Kongo Barbara Kanam, da kuma mata da maza na Afirka da yawa da suka taka rawa a kasashensu game da tsegumin Kilimanjaro. Wadanda suka hawan dutsen sun halarci taron koli mafi girma na Afirka a ranar Mata ta Duniya, 8 Maris shekarar 2012, tare da nuna tutocinsu na Afirka. Funmi tayi aiki a Hukumar Farafina Trust and Positive Impact Youth Network wadda ke kokarin shawo da magance Matsalar Matasa. Ta kasance a sahun gaba a jerin zanga-zangar adawa ta Occupy Nigeria a watan Janairun 2012. Zanga-zangar ta kasance tana adawa da aiwatar da manufar cire tallafin man-fetur da gwamnatin Najeriya take yi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/03/world-economic-forum-names-funmi-iyanda-young-global-leader/|title=World Economic Forum names Funmi Iyanda Young Global Leader|date=2011-03-11|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gramho.com/media/2104436375726423654|title=@eloyawards Instagram post (video) Our Woman Feature Of The Week Is Funmi Iyanda @funmiiyanda Olufunmilola Aduke Iyanda was born on 27 July 1971. Popularly known as Funmi Iyanda, is a Nigerian talk show host, broadcaster, journalist, and blogger. Funmi produced and hosted a popular talk show New Dawn with Funmi, which aired on the national network for over eight years. Funmi is the CEO of Ignite Media, a content-driven media organisation operating out of Lagos. In 2011, Funmi was honoured as a Young Global Leader (YGL) by the World Economic Forum and was recently named one of Forbes 20 Youngest Power Women in Africa. An innovator in her sphere Funmi has won tremendous recognition for her work in the media and for her humanitarian and philanthropic interventions. Funmi is a member of African Leadership Institute, Tutu Fellow and a participant of the ASPEN Institute's Forum for Communications and Society. - Gramho.com|website=gramho.com|language=en|access-date=2020-05-02}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leadingladiesafrica.org/whats-not-to-love-about-media-activist-funmi-iyanda/|title=What’s Not To Love About Media Activist- Funmi Iyanda! – Leading Ladies Africa|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2015/05/07/nigerias-funmi-iyanda-appointed-un-women-gender-equality-champion-funmilola/|title=Nigeria’s Funmi Iyanda, Appointed UN Women Gender Equality Champion [@Funmilola]|last=writer|first=Staff|date=2015-05-07|website=NewsWireNGR|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16157/funmi-iyanda|title=Funmi Iyanda biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture|website=www.manpower.com.ng|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/i-will-never-married-funmi-iyanda/|title=Why I will never be married — Funmi Iyanda » Razzmatazz » Tribune Online|date=2017-01-22|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/cannot-married-funmi-iyanda/|title=Why I cannot be married - Funmi Iyanda|date=2017-01-20|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://farafinatrust.org/about-us/about-farafina/|title=Trustees & Patrons – Farafina Trust|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://womenafrica.com/whats-not-to-love-about-media-activist-funmi-iyanda/|title=What’s Not To Love About Media Activist- Funmi Iyanda|date=2018-11-19|website=Women Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726145736/https://womenafrica.com/whats-not-to-love-about-media-activist-funmi-iyanda/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askfunmi.com/|title=ASK FUNMI - The Webserie hosted by Funmi Iyanda|website=Ask Funmi|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2023-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121125853/https://www.askfunmi.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Nassoshi == * Oyeleye, Albert (2012). "Interaction Management in Nigerian Television Talk Shows". International Journal of English Linguistics. 2. doi:10.5539/ijel.v2n1p149. * Nsehe, Nfonobong (1 August 2011). "The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa". Forbes. Retrieved 18 March 2016. * Makwemoisa, Anthonia (2006). Women of valour (1st ed.). == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://fiyanda.blogspot.com Funmi Iyanda blog] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bpvb6hketl10p3zas28pivovx6v3xcz Funmilayo Olayinka 0 15059 891466 513215 2026-08-04T20:26:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Funmia.JPG|thumb|Funmilayo Olayinka]] '''Olufunmilayo Aduni Olayinka''', Mai suna Famuagun (An haife ta a ranar ashirin 20 ga watan [[Yuni]] shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin1960&nbsp;- ta mutu ranar 6 ga watan Afrilun shekarar dubu biyu da sha ukku 2013), ta kasance ma'aikaciyar banki ce a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nijeriya]]. kuma 'yar siyasa ce wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]]. <ref>Ekiti.com http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/display_search.php?news_id=102845</ref><ref>Ekiti.com http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/display_search.php?news_id=102845</ref><ref name="Vanguard">{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/body-of-funmilayo-olayinka-ekiti-deputy-gov-laid-to-rest/|title=Body of Funmilayo Olayinka, Ekiti Deputy Gov laid to rest|last=Ariyibi|first=Gbenga|date=April 26, 2013|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="naij">{{cite news|url=http://news.naij.com/30149.html|title=Deputy Governor of Ekiti State Mrs Funmilayo Olayinka Is dead|date=6 April 2013|publisher=naij.com|accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Olayinka a [[Ado-Ekiti]] dake jihar Ekiti.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ekitistate.gov.ng/2013/04/biography-of-mrs-funmi-olayinka/|title=Biography of Mrs Funmi Olayinka|publisher=Government of Ekiti State|accessdate=1 July 2013|archive-date=19 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219204126/http://ekitistate.gov.ng/2013/04/biography-of-mrs-funmi-olayinka/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar Holy Trinity Grammar School [[Ibadan]] inda ta samu takardar shedar kammala karatun ta na farko da sakamako mai kyau. Daga nan sai ta zarce zuwa makarantar sakandaren Olivet Baptist, a [[Oyo (jiha)|jihar Oyo]], Nijeriya inda ta samu takardar shedar kammala makarantar sakandare (HSC)<ref name="thenationonlineng.net">The Nation Newspapers 19/08/2010 http://thenationonlineng.net/web3/editorial/opinion/10149.html{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a da kuma Kwalejin Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Jihar ta Tsakiya, Wilberforce, Ohio [[Tarayyar Amurka|ta Amurka]] a shekara ta (1981), zuwa shekara ta (1983), bi da bi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Ekiti State Deputy Governor Bows To Cancer At 52|url=http://www.newsofthepeople-ng.com/ekiti-state-deputy-governor-bows-to-cancer-at-52/|website=News of the people|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> Ta kasance sau uku tana lashe lambar girmamawa ta Dean. == Ayyuka == Olayinka, wata masaniya ce kan harkokin kasuwanci da kuma tsara hikima a fannin kasuwanci da tallata haja a karkashin Bankin [[First Bank (Nijeriya)|First Bank of Nigeria]] Plc. Ta yi aiki tare da First Bank daga shekara ta (1986). Daga baya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Dangantaka na Asusun Lura a Bankin Access, da rusasshen Kamfanin hada-hadar kasuwanci na Bankin [MBC] da United Bank for Africa PLC (UBA). A watan Agusta shekarar (2002), ta fara aiki a cikin Kamfanin Sadarwa na Kamfanin, sannan ta cigaba da shugabantar Sashen Harkokin Kasuwanci, Bankin United na Afirka. Daga baya ta zama Shugaban, Manajan Gudanarwa da Harkokin Kasuwanci, wanda hakan ke jagorantar kungiyar dake da alhakin isar da wata sanarwa mai gamsarwa da kuma sake sanya sunan Bankin Hadin Kan na Afirka wanda ya taimaka wajen fitar da dabarun kasuwancin bankin da karin darajar zuwa jimlar hoton.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Ekiti Deputy Governor, Olufunmilayo Olayinka, dies at 52|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/128461-ekiti-deputy-governor-olufunmilayo-olayinka-dies-at-52.html|website=Premium Times|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> Olayinka ta kuma kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar na( 2), na kungiyar Manajan Banki tsakanin shekara ta(2002), da shekara ta (2004).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Ekiti Deputy Governor, Olufunmilayo Olayinka, dies at 52|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/128461-ekiti-deputy-governor-olufunmilayo-olayinka-dies-at-52.html|website=Premium Times|accessdate=24 January 2019}}</ref> Olayinka ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a yayin hadewar hadadden bankin United Bank for Africa & Standard Trust inda ta shugabanci karamin kwamiti. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mamba a cikin alakan gungiyar Kwamitin Hulɗa da Media. Har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamnan [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]], ta kasance Shugabar Kula da Harkokin Kasuwanci, Ecobank Transatlantic Inc inda ta ke da alhakin sanar da ayyukan bankin ga jama'a, gudanar da hulda da Jama'a da kuma ba da martani ga gudanarwa kamar yadda ya shafi jimillar du daukar hoton banki. Bugu da kari, ta kuma lura da Bangaren Sabis na Cikin Gida tare da daukar nauyin hada-hada gaba daya na ayyukan gudanarwa ga dukkan bankin.<ref>The Sun Newspapers 5 April 2005 http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/womanofthesun/2005/April/05/womanofthesun-05-04-2005-002.htm {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419051741/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/womanofthesun/2005/April/05/womanofthesun-05-04-2005-002.htm|date=19 April 2005}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Bayan rikicin zaɓe da aka yi a lokacin zaben Gwamnoni na shekara ta (2007),<ref>The Nation 3 May 2009 {{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/2186/1/Democracy-in-Ekiti-Lessons-from-history/Page1.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2010-10-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102237/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/2186/1/Democracy-in-Ekiti-Lessons-from-history/Page1.html|archivedate=3 May 2012|df=dmy}}</ref> dan takarar [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam’iyyar]] PDP, an kaddamar da dan takara Segun Oni a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben. Inda Olayinka tare da [[Kayode Fayemi|Kayode Fayemi suka]] nufi kotu don kalubalantar sahihancin sakamakon zaben. A ranar( 14), ga watan Oktoba shekara ta (2010), bayan an kwashe tsawon shekaru uku da rabi ana sake gudanar da zaben da kuma daukaka kara a kotu, Kotun daukaka kara da ke zaune a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya ta]] kori tsohon Gwamna Segun Oni na Jam’iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) tare da ayyana Dakta [[Kayode Fayemi]] na jam'iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) a matsayin sabon gwamnan [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]].<ref>234NEXT Newspapers 15 October 2010 {{cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5630802-146/fayemi_is_new_ekiti_governor_.csp|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2010-10-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018232116/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5630802-146/fayemi_is_new_ekiti_governor_.csp|archivedate=18 October 2010|df=dmy}}</ref> Bayan haka an rantsar da Misis Olufunmilayo Olayinka a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan [[Ekiti|jihar ta Ekiti]] saboda rawar da take takawa a yanzu a matsayin abokiyar takarar Dakta [[Kayode Fayemi]] a lokacin zaben gwamna na shekara ta (2007), Ita ce mace ta biyu a tarihin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti da ta]] hau kujerar Mataimakin Gwamnan Jihar. Ta kasance memba na jam'iyyar Action Congress of [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]].<ref>The Sun Newspapers Monday 18 October 2010. {{cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/oct/18/national-18-10-2010-007.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2010-10-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021041108/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2010/oct/18/national-18-10-2010-007.htm|archivedate=21 October 2010|df=dmy}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Olayinka ta rasu da yammacin ranar 6, ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2013, bayan doguwar fama da ta sha da cutar daji kuma an yi jana’izarta a Ado-Ekiti.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/body-of-funmilayo-olayinka-ekiti-deputy-gov-laid-to-rest/|title=Body of Funmilayo Olayinka, Ekiti Deputy Gov laid to rest|author=Gbenga Ariyibi|publisher=The Vanguard|date=April 26, 2013}}</ref> Olayinka ta kasance mai bin [[Kirista|addinin kiristanci]], ta rasu ta bar tsohuwar mahaifiyarta, da kuma mijinta da kuma 'ya'ya uku.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/where-is-your-deputy-olayinkas-mother-asks-fayemi/|title=Where is your deputy, Olayinka’s mother asks Fayemi|author=Femi Makinde|publisher=The Punch|date=April 8, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001152109/http://www.punchng.com/news/where-is-your-deputy-olayinkas-mother-asks-fayemi/|archivedate=1 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Manazartai == {{Reflist|2}} == Diddigin bayanai na waje == * [http://www.ekiti.com/ ekiti.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104193641/http://ekiti.com/ |date=2020-11-04 }} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Ekiti]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Category:Yarbawa]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan banki]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] [[Category:Yarbawa yan siyasa]] skas0k4y9c9rddcb34qmhm15d5x2xim Canjin yanayi a Afirka 0 16959 891611 874128 2026-08-05T07:34:22Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna [[Yanayin yanayin duniya|canjin zafin jiki]] a Afirka tsakanin 1901 da 2021, tare da ja yana da dumi kuma shuɗi yana da sanyi fiye da matsakaici (An ɗauki matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin 1971-2000 a matsayin ma'anar waɗannan canje-canje.) ]] '''Canjin yanayi a Afirka''' babbar barazana ce saboda Afirka tana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna [[Lalacewar canjin yanayi|mai rauni]] ga [[tasirin canjin yanayi]], duk da cewa ba da gudummawa mafi ƙanƙanta ga haifar da shi. Canjin yanayi yana haifar da yanayin ruwan sama mara kyau, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi masu tsanani ciki har da [[fari]], [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], da hauhawar yanayin zafi a Afirka. Wadannan canje-canje suna barazana ga tsaro na [[Tsaron abinci|abinci]] da ruwa, bambancin halittu, [[lafiyar jama'a]], da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |first=UNEP |date=2017 |title=Responding to climate change |url=http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> Afirka a halin yanzu tana dumama da sauri fiye da sauran duniya a matsakaici.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Meterological Organization |date=2024-09-02 |title=Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=World Meteorological Organization |language=en}}</refSaunyi yanayi yana ƙara taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki a yanzu. Manyan sassan al'ummar Afirka sun dogara ne da rayuwar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar noma (kashi 55 - 62% na ma'aikata a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara) kuma sun riga sun rayu cikin talauci, wanda hakan ke ƙara tsananta musu ga girgizar ƙasa. Sakamakon lafiya ya ƙara ta'azzara yayin da damuwa ta zafi, cututtuka masu yaɗuwa (kamar malaria da dengue ), da rashin abinci mai gina jiki suka zama ruwan dare. Fiye da rabi (56%) na sama da abubuwan da suka faru na kiwon lafiyar jama'a 2,000 da aka yi rikodin su a Afirka tsakanin 2001 da 2021 suna da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi. Karancin albarkatu yana taimakawa wajen ƙaura da rikici, musamman a yankuna masu rauni. Yankunan birane, waɗanda galibi ake siffanta su da matsugunan da ba na yau da kullun ba, suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari daga ambaliya da zafi mai tsanani. [[Noma|Aikin noma]] yana daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka fi rauni, kamar yadda yawancin manoman Afirka suka dogara da amfanin gona mai Ruwan sama. Ragewa da ruwan sama mara tabbas, haɗe da yanayin zafi mafi girma, yana fitar da asarar danshi na ƙasa, [[Desertification in Africa|hamada]] (musamman a cikin [[Sahara]]) da kuma canza wuraren da suka dace. Wadannan canje-canje sun rage yawan amfanin gona, suna lalata tsaron abinci da kuma kara yunwa. Lafiyar Dabbobi tana ƙara lalacewa ta hanyar damuwa ta zafi da sauya yanayin cututtukan. Tsarin halittu na bakin teku da na ruwa suna fuskantar teku mai zafi da kuma matakan da ke tashi, wanda ke barazana ga kamun kifi da kuma yawan jama'a a bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fonjong |first=Lotsmart |last2=Matose |first2=Frank |last3=Sonnenfeld |first3=David A. |date=2024-12-01 |title=Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=89 |bibcode=2024GEC....8902912F |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912 |issn=0959-3780}}</ref> Sakamakon tattalin arziki na canjin yanayi yana da tsanani. A matsakaita ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar asarar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi wanda ya kai 2-5% na GDP a kowace shekara, yayin da farashin [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa]] a [[yankin Saharar Afirka]] ana hasashen a dala biliyan 30-50 a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Wannan yana barazanar samun ci gaba kuma yana matsa lamba ga gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin kasa da kasa don tattara kudaden yanayi. Shirye-shiryen daidaita yanayin yanayi na Afirka suna mai da hankali kan gina juriya ta hanyar [[Yanayin gona mai kyau|Aikin noma mai basira]], [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da ruwa]] mai ɗorewa, kiyaye yanayin halittu, da ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya da ababen more rayuwa. Wadannan hanyoyin suna ba da fifiko ga inganta shugabanci, tattara kudade da saka hannun jari na yanayi, da kuma inganta shiga cikin al'umma don magance matsalar gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tadesse |first=Debay |date=1 December 2010 |title=The impact of climate change in Africa |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badji |first=Arfang |last2=Ibanda |first2=Angele |last3=Akello |first3=Sarah |last4=Ekwamu |first4=Adipala |date=2022 |title=Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies |url=https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 |journal=African Journal of Rural Development |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=209–274 |issn=2415-2838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ngongolo |first=Kelvin |last2=Gayo |first2=Leopody |date=2025-05-21 |title=Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review |journal=Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice |language=English |volume=15 |bibcode=2025PRPP...1514225N |doi=10.3389/past.2025.14225 |issn=2041-7136 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin nahiyoyi da na kasa suna jaddada hadin gwiwar bangarori da yawa, tallafin fasaha, da haɓaka iyawa don tallafawa ci gaba mai ɗorewa da rage [[Hadarin sauyin|Hadarin yanayi]]. == Rashin iskar gas == Rashin iskar gas mai guba a Afirka ga kowane mutum yana da ƙarancin gaske idan aka kwatanta da sauran nahiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact sheet - Africa |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> Rashin fitarwa daga [[Amfani da Ƙasa|canjin amfani da ƙasa]] ba shi da tabbas, musamman a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mostefaoui |first=Mounia |last2=Ciais |first2=Philippe |last3=McGrath |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Peylin |first4=Philippe |last5=Patra |first5=Prabir K. |last6=Ernst |first6=Yolandi |date=2024-01-11 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=245–275 |bibcode=2024ESSD...16..245M |doi=10.5194/essd-16-245-2024 |issn=1866-3516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Babban tushen rashin tabbas ya fito ne daga kwararar carbon dioxide a cikin sashin LULUCF (wannan acronym yana tsaye ne don amfani da ƙasa, canjin amfani da ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Tasiri == === Sauye-sauyen yanayi da zafin sarari === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | total_width = 300 | image1 = Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg | caption1 = Taswirar rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen ga Afirka daga 1991–2020 | image2 = Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg | caption2 = Taswirar 2071–2100 a ƙarƙashin mafi tsananin yanayin sauyin yanayi (Representative Concentration Pathway). A halin yanzu ana ɗaukar yanayi mai matsakaicin tsanani a matsayin wanda ya fi yuwuwa.<ref name="HausfatherPeters2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hausfather|first1=Zeke|last2=Peters|first2=Glen|title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading|journal=Nature|date=29 January 2020|volume=577|issue=7792|pages=618–20|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|pmid=31996825|bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A.G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first19=Christina |last120=Strauss |first20=Jens |last21=Treat |first21=Claire |last22=Turetsky |first22=Merritt |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S }}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=Cosmos |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C. |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} Yanayin zafin saman kasa da aka auna ya ƙaru gabaɗaya a faɗin Afirka tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 21 da kusan 1 °C, amma a wasu yankuna na cikin gida kamar yankin Sahel ya kai har 3 °C ga mafi ƙarancin zafi a ƙarshen lokacin rani.<ref name="IRD-2017">{{Cite book |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |date=2017 |publisher=IRD éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |location=Marseille |oclc=1034784045 |id=Impr. Jouve}}</ref> Ɗumamar Afirka ta ƙaru da +0.3 C daga 1991 zuwa 2021 idan aka kwatanta da +0.2 tsakanin 1961 zuwa 1910. An yi ƙiyasin cewa nan da shekara ta 2030, mutanen Afirka za su fuskanci hauhawar matakin teku sakamakon ƙaruwar zafin yanayi. Wannan kuma zai haifar da raguwar amfanin gona da albarkatun gona<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>. Yanayin ruwan sama da aka auna yana nuna bambance-bambance ta fannin guri da lokaci kamar yadda aka saba tsammani.<ref name="Collins-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Jennifer M. |date=15 July 2011 |title=Temperature Variability over Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=24 |issue=14 |pages=3649–3666 |bibcode=2011JCli...24.3649C |doi=10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Niang-2014">Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf</ref> Canje-canjen da aka gani a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama sun bambanta bisa ga yankuna.<ref name="Conway-2009">{{cite journal |last1=Conway |first1=Declan |last2=Persechino |first2=Aurelie |last3=Ardoin-Bardin |first3=Sandra |last4=Hamandawana |first4=Hamisai |last5=Dieulin |first5=Claudine |last6=Mahé |first6=Gil |date=February 2009 |title=Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century |journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41–59 |bibcode=2009JHyMe..10...41C |doi=10.1175/2008JHM1004.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Collins-2011" /> Tsarin yanayi na yanzu (kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Shida na IPCC) yana hasashen ƙaruwar aukuwa da tsananin fari da kuma kwararar ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=Andrew |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |last3=Koehler |first3=Johanna |last4=Hope |first4=Rob |date=2022 |title=Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa |journal=Global Environmental Change |language=en |volume=76 |article-number=102592 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022GEC....7602592A }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref> Suna kuma hasashen raguwar matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan a ko'ina a Afirka, tare da tabbas mai matsakaici zuwa babba. Duk da haka, yanayin ruwan sama na cikin gida da mu'amalar zamantakewa da yanayi na iya bayyana a matsayin gauraye-gauraye. Saboda haka, haɗuwar tasirin sauyin yanayi zai bambanta a faɗin nahiyar. A yankunan karkara, yanayin ruwan sama yana yin tasiri ga amfani da ruwa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022" /> Wani bincike a shekarar 2019 ya hango ƙaruwar tsawon kwanaki marasa ruwa a lokacin damina da kuma ƙaruwar matsanancin ruwan sama a Afirka.<ref name="Kendon-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Kendon |first1=Elizabeth J. |last2=Stratton |first2=Rachel A. |last3=Tucker |first3=Simon |last4=Marsham |first4=John H. |last5=Berthou |first5=Ségolène |last6=Rowell |first6=David P. |last7=Senior |first7=Catherine A. |date=2019 |title=Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1794K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9 |pmc=6478940 |pmid=31015416 |article-number=1794}}</ref> Ma'ana a takaice: "bangarori biyu na matsanancin yanayi na Afirka za su daɗa tsananta".<ref name="Weather Channel-2022">{{Cite news |title=More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says |url=https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood |access-date=2022-07-01 |work=The Weather Channel |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken ya gano cewa yawancin tsarin yanayi ba za su iya hango girman waɗannan canje-canjen ba saboda ba su da damar ba da damar iska mai dumi ta tashi (convection) a ma'aunansu na grid masu faɗi.<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> === Hauhawar matakin teku === {{See also|Ambaliyar ruwa a Afirka}} [[File:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Hoton babban birnin Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, ta sama]] A Afirka, haɓakar yawan jama'a a nan gaba yana ƙara haɗarin da ke tattare da hauhawar matakin teku. Kusan mutane miliyan 54.2 ne ke zaune a yankunan da ke da haɗari sosai na gaɓar teku masu ƙasankancin tudu (LECZ) a kusan shekarar 2000. Wannan adadin zai ninka kusan mutane miliyan 110 nan da shekarar 2030. Nan da shekarar 2060 kuma zai kai kusan mutane miliyan 185 zuwa 230, ya danganta da girman haɓakar yawan jama'a. Matsakaicin hauhawar matakin teku na yankin zai kasance kusan santimita 21 nan da shekarar 2060. A wannan gaba, yanayin sauyin yanayi ba zai kawo babban bambanci ba. Amma yanayin kasa na cikin gida da yanayin yawan jama'a suna yin mu'amala don ƙara fuskantar haɗari kamar ambaliyar ruwa ta shekaru 100 a cikin wata rikitacciyar hanya.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> [[File:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, cibiyar tattalin arzikin ƙasar Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Yawan jama'a a cikin filayen ambaliyar ruwa na shekaru 100.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /><ref group="T1">A cikin miliyoyin mutane. Shafi na biyu da na uku sun haɗa da duka tasirin haɓakar yawan jama'a da haɓakar girman filayen ambaliyar ruwa a wannan gaba.</ref> !|Ƙasa !|2000 !|2030 !|2060 !|Haɓakawa 2000–2060<ref group="T1">Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a a yankin da kuma mafi girman yanayin haɓakar yawan jama'a da za a iya samu.</ref> |- |Misra || 7.4 || 13.8 || 20.7 || 0.28 |- |Najeriya || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.9 || 0.84 |- |Sanigal || 0.4 || 1.1 || 2.7 || 0.76 |- |Benin || 0.1 || 0.6 || 1.6 || 1.12 |- |Tanzania || 0.2 || 0.9 || 4.3 || 2.3 |- |Somaliya || 0.2 || 0.6 || 2.7 || 1.7 |- |Kuwayt Diwar (Ivory Coast) || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.7 || 0.65 |- |Mozambik || 0.7 || 1.4 || 2.5 || 0.36 |} {{reflist|group=T1}} [[File:ANKOMAH 20221122-009.jpg|thumb|Wani mutum yana kallon tekun daga wani gini da igiyoyin ruwa masu ƙarfi suka lalata a Chorkor, wani yanki na birnin Accra. Ambaliyar ruwa a ranakun sarari da ke faruwa saboda hauhawar matakin teku tana ƙara zaizayar gaɓar teku wanda ke lalata gidaje, ababen more rayuwa, da tsarin muhalli na halitta. Wasu al'ummomi a gaɓar tekun Ghana riga sun fara fuskantar sauye-sauyen igiyoyin ruwa.]] A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, an yi hasashen cewa mafi girman ƙaura zai faru ne a yankin Gabashin Afirka. Aƙalla mutane 750,000 a can ne ka iya ƙaura daga gaɓar teku tsakanin 2020 da 2050. Binciken kimiyya ya kiyasta cewa manyan biranen Afirka guda 12 za su tafka asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 65 a ƙarƙashin yanayin "matsakaicin" sauyin yanayi (RCP4.5) nan da shekarar 2050. Waɗannan biranen su ne Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, [[Lomé]], Luanda da Maputo. A ƙarƙashin yanayin fitar da hayaki mai yawa (RCP8.5), lalacewar za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 86.5. Shi kuma tsarin mafi tsanani na fitar da hayaki tare da ƙarin tasiri daga rashin daidaiton babban ƙanƙarar teku zai iya haifar da asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 137.5. Lalacewar daga waɗannan yanayi guda uku idan aka ƙara haɗawa da "al'amura masu ƙarancin yuwuwa amma masu babban lahani" za ta haura zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 187, dalar Amurka biliyan 206, da dalar Amurka biliyan 397 biye da juna.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> A cikin waɗannan ƙiyasin, birnin Alexandria na ƙasar Misra kaɗai ya ƙunshi kusan rabin wannan adadi.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> Daruruwan dubatan mutane a yankunansa na ƙasankantar tudu ka iya buƙatar a canza musu guri a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.<ref name="Michaelson-2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline|title=Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline| last=Michaelson| first=Ruth|date=25 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> A duk faɗin yankin kudu da sahara baki ɗaya, lalacewa daga hauhawar matakin teku na iya kaiwa kashi 2–4% na GDP nan da shekarar 2050. Sai dai wannan adadi ya danganta da girman haɓakar tattalin arziki da kuma juriya ko daidaitawa (adaptation) a nan gaba.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[File:Leptis Magna amphitheatre - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Sauran ragowar ginin wasan kwaikwayo na Leptis Magna (amphitheater), tare da bayyanar teku a bango]] A cikin dogon lokaci, ƙasashen Misra, Mozambik, da Tanzania ne ka iya samun mafi yawan mutanen da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara-shekara za ta shafa a tsakanin daukacin ƙasashen Afirka. Wannan hasashe yana nuna cewa ɗumamar yanayi na duniya zai kai 4 °C a ƙarshen ƙarni. Wannan hauhawar tana da alaƙa da yanayin RCP8.5. A ƙarƙashin tsarin RCP8.5, muhimman wuraren tarihi na al'ada guda 10 za su kasance cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da zaizayar ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarni. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Casbah ta Algiers, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Carthage, Kerkouane, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Leptis Magna, Tsohon Birnin Sousse (Medina of Sousse), Tsohon Birnin Tunis (Medina of Tunis), Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Sabratha, Tsibirin Robben, Tsibirin Saint-Louis da Tipasa. Jimillar wuraren Ramsar guda 15 da sauran wuraren gadon halitta su ma za su fuskanci makamancin wannan haɗari. Waɗannan wuraren su ne Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve, Delta du Saloum National Park, Diawling National Park, Golfe de Boughrara, Kalissaye, Lagune de Ghar el Melh et Delta de la Mejerda, Marromeu Game Reserve, Parc Naturel des Mangroves du Fleuve Cacheu, Seal Ledges Provincial Nature Reserve, Sebkhet Halk Elmanzel et Oued Essed, Sebkhet Soliman, Réserve Naturelle d'Intérêt Communautaire de la Somone, Songor Biosphere Reserve, Tanbi Wetland Complex da Watamu Marine National Park.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> == Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki == [[File:Access_to_wood_and_water_appears_to_be_severely_impacted_by_climate_change_in_Kenya_and_Cameroon.png|thumb|Sakamakon bincike na shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa samun katako da ruwa ya fuskanci gagarumin tasiri sanadiyyar canjin yanayi a ƙasashen Kenya da Kamaru.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-africa-and-middle-east |title=The EIB Climate Survey: Africa and the Middle East |date=2023-06-05 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5534-5 |language=EN}}</ref>]] Canjin yanayi zai ci gaba da yin tasiri sosai a Afirka saboda abubuwa da dama. Ana riga ana jin waɗannan tasirin kuma za su daɗa tsananta idan ba a ɗauki matakin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli (carbon emissions) a duniya ba. Waɗannan tasirin sun haɗa da hauhawar zafin jiki, fari, sauye-sauyen yanayin ruwan sama, da ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi na farat ɗaya. Waɗannan yanayi suna da tasiri ga samar da makamashi da yadda ake amfani da shi. Farin da aka yi kwanan nan a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka, wanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, ya yi mummunan tasiri ga samar da ingantaccen makamashi da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Afirka za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi fuskantar mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0r">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf|title=Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.|year=2014}}</ref> Dalilan da suka sa Afirka ta kasance cikin haɗari suna da yawa, kuma sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfin jurewa ko daidaita rayuwa (adaptive capacity), rashin watsuwar fasahohi da bayanai da za su tallafa wa daidaitawar, da kuma dogaro mai yawa ga tsarin noman daji don hanyoyin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Welborn|first=Lily|title=Africa and climate change: Projecting vulnerability and adaptive capacity|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|year=2018}}</ref> Kasashe da dama a faɗin Afirka an rarraba su a matsayin Ƙasashen da Ba su Cigaba ba Kwata-kwata (Least-Developed Countries - LDCs) waɗanda ke da gurbataccen yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kuma hakan yana nufin suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman wajen tunkarar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=UNDP/GEF|url=https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCA-Africa-Final.pdf|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Africa UNDP: Synthesis of Experiences and Recommendations|publisher=UNDP/GEF|year=2018}}</ref> Babban haɗarin da aka gano ga Afirka a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na Kwamitin Haɗin Gwiwa kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ya shafi tsarin halittu (ecosystems), wadatar ruwa, da tsarin noma, tare da tasiri ga wadatar abinci.<ref name=":0r" /> A shekarar 2022, sama da mutane 6,000 daga ƙasashen Afirka guda goma suka halarci binciken yanayi da Babban Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (European Investment Bank) ya gudanar.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> Binciken ya gano cewa kashi 88% na mutanen sun bayyana cewa canjin yanayi yana cutar da rayuwarsu, yayin da kashi 61% na mutanen suka bayyana cewa lalacewar muhalli ya yi tasiri ga kudaden shigarsu ko hanyar samun abincinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EIB Climate Survey: 88% of African respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-554-eib-climate-survey-88-of-african-respondents-believe-that-climate-change-is-already-affecting-their-everyday-life |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> Waɗannan asarorin yawanci sakamakon fari ne mai tsanani, hauhawar matakin teku ko zaizayar gaɓar teku, ko kuma munanan al'amuran yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa ko hadari.<ref name="EIB-2022a">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: 88% of respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/africa.htm |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref> Sama da rabin mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su (kashi 57%) sun ce su ko mutanen da suka sani sun riga sun ɗauki matakai don daidaitawa da illolin canjin yanayi. Daga cikin waɗannan matakan akwai zuba jari a na'urorin kiyaye ruwa don rage radadin fari da kuma share magudanar ruwa kafin ambaliya ta zo.<ref name="EIB-2022a" /> Kashi 34% na dukkan mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su sun ce canjin yanayi yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi addabar ƙasarsu, tare da sauran muhimman matsaloli kamar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (inflation) da samun damar kula da lafiya.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> === Tasirin tattalin arziki === Afirka tana yin zafi da sauri fiye da sauran sassan duniya a matsakaita. Sakamakon haka, manyan sassan nahiyar na iya zama marasa mazauni, kuma babban abun da ake samarwa a cikin gida na Afirka (GDP) na iya raguwa da kashi 2% sakamakon hauhawar zafin duniya da digiri 1 °C, sannan da kashi 12% sakamakon hauhawar zafin da digiri 4 °C. Ana sa ran amfanin gona zai ragu ƙwarai sakamakon hauhawar zafi, sannan ana kyautata zaton cewa za a riƙa samun mamakon ruwan sama akai-akai kuma da ƙarfi a faɗin Afirka, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="WMO-2021">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Africa Renewal-2018">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-07 |title=Global warming: severe consequences for Africa |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa |url=https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=United Nations Climate Change News}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Afirka tana asarar tsakanin dala biliyan 7 zuwa dala biliyan 15 a shekara saboda canjin yanayi, wanda aka kiyasta zai iya kaiwa dala biliyan 50 nan da shekarar 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rathi |first1=Akshat |last2=Rao |first2=Mythili |date=2024-05-02 |title=One Bank Is Turning Africa's Climate Vulnerability Into Opportunity |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-02/inside-the-bank-financing-africa-s-green-growth |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> === Noma === Noma babban sashe ne mai mahimmanci a Afirka, wanda ke taimakawa ga hanyoyin rayuwa da tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Mutane da yawa sun dogara da aikin noma a matsayin hanyar haɓaka kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki da kuma tushen abinci. Mutane da yawa sun dogara ne da albarkatun da yanayi ke tasiri a kansu. An yi hasashen cewa ayyukan noma za su ragu a faɗin yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref> A matsakaita, aikin noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka yana ba da gudummawar kashi 15% na jimillar GDP.<ref name="OECD/FAO">{{Cite book |last=OECD/FAO |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5778e.pdf |title=OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016‑2025 |publisher=OECD Publishing |year=2016 |isbn= 978-92-64-25323-0 |pages=59–61}}</ref> Yanayin labarin ƙasa na Afirka ya sa ta kasance cikin haɗari na musamman ga canjin yanayi, kuma kashi 70% na al'ummar ƙasar sun dogara ne ga noman da ya dogara da ruwan sama don hanyoyin rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Läderach |first1=Peter |last2=Martinez-Valle |first2=Armando |last3=Bourgoin |first3=Clement |last4=Parker |first4=Louis |date=27 March 2019 |title= Vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change: The development of a pan-tropical Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment to inform sub-national decision making |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=3 |article-number=e0213641 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1413641P |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0213641 |pmc=6436735 |pmid=30917146 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gonaki na ƙananan manoma (smallholder farms) suna daidai da kashi 80% na ƙasashen da ake noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref name="OECD/FAO" /> Hukumar IPCC a shekarar 2007 ta yi hasashen cewa sauye-sauyen yanayi za su gurgunta aikin noma da damar samun abinci.<ref name="ar4 summary of regional impacts">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |editor=Parry, M. L. |display-editors=et al. |chapter=Summary for Policymakers: C. Current knowledge about future impacts |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html }}</ref> An ba wa wannan hasashen "babban kwarin gwiwa". Tsarin noma, kiwon dabbobi, da kamun kifi za su kasance cikin babban haɗari na kwari da cututtuka sakamakon canjin yanayi na gaba.<ref name="Dhanush">{{Cite journal |author1=Dhanush, D. |author2=Bett, B. K. |author3=Boone, R. B. |author4=Grace, D. |author5=Kinyangi, J. |author6=Lindahl, J. F. |author7=Mohan, C. V. |author8=Ramírez Villegas, J. |author9=Robinson, T. P. |author10=Rosenstock, T. S. |author11=Smith, J. |date=2015 |title=Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |journal=CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security |access-date=2026-06-09 |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716201342/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwarin amfanin gona riga suna da alhakin kusan kashi 1/6 na asarar amfanin gona.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Canjin yanayi zai hanzarta yaduwar kwari da cututtuka kuma zai ƙara aukuwar abubuwa masu babban tasiri.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Tasirin canjin yanayi akan aikin noma a Afirka zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga wadatar abinci da hanyoyin rayuwa. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki iri-iri ya haifar da gazawar samun wasu muhimman sinadarai na jiki. Rashin waɗannan sinadarai na iya haifar da ƙarancin bitamin A da ƙarfe (iron). Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokutan fari da ƙarancin abinci saboda zaɓukan abincin suna da ƙanƙanta. Tsakanin shekarar 2014 da 2018, Afirka ce ke da mafi girman matakan ƙarancin abinci a duniya.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/ |title=SOFI 2019 – The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-134325-8 |language=en |doi=10.4060/CB4474EN |s2cid=241785130}}</ref> Dangane da tsarin noma, dogaro mai yawa akan noman wadatar kai na ruwan sama da kuma ƙarancin amfani da dabarun noma na zamani da suka dace da yanayi (climate smart agriculture) suna taimakawa ga babban haɗarin da sashen ke ciki. Lamarin yana daɗa rudarwa saboda ƙarancin amintattun bayanai da rashin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan yanayi don tallafawa matakan daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinku|first=Tufa|title=Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa|url=https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e|website=ICT Update CTA|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=1 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101070648/https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e}}</ref> Tarwatsawar yanayin ruwan sama da aka gani da kuma wanda aka hango sanadiyyar canjin yanayi na iya taƙaita lokutan noma da kuma shafar amfanin gona a sassan Afirka da dama. Bugu da ƙari, sashen noma a Afirka mafi yawancinsa yana ƙarƙashin ƙananan manoma ne waɗanda ke da iyakacin damar samun fasaha da albarkatun da za su daidaita da yanayin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporting Sub-Saharan Africa's Farmers – Bayer – Crop Science |url=https://www.cropscience.bayer.com:443/en/stories/2018/supporting-sub-saharan-africas-farmers-closing-the-gap |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.cropscience.bayer.com}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen yanayi sun kasance kuma suna ci gaba da zama babban tushen canza-canje a cikin samar da abinci na duniya a faɗin ƙasashe masu tasowa inda samar da abincin ya dogara kacokan akan ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thornton |first1=Philip K |last2=Ericksen |first2=Polly J |last3=Herrero |first3=Mario |last4=Challinor |first4=Andrew J |title=Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review |journal=Global Change Biology |date=November 2014 |volume=20 |issue=11 |pages=3313–3328 |doi=10.1111/gcb.12581 |bibcode=2014GCBio..20.3313T |pmc=4258067 |pmid=24668802 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=HU|first1=Tongxi|last2=Zhang|first2=Xuesong|last3=Khanal|first3=Sami|last4=Wilson|first4=Robyn|last5=Leng|first5=Guoyong|last6=Toman|first6=Elizabeth|last7=Wang|first7=Xuhui|last8=Zhao|first8=Kaiguang|date=2024-06-19|title=Climate change impacts on crop yields: A review of empirical findings, statistical crop models, and machine learning methods|url=https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/24705/files/2024/09/review-climate-impact-crop-yield-machine-learning.pdf|journal=Environmental Modelling & Software|volume=179|issue=106119 |article-number=106119 |doi=10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119 |bibcode=2024EnvMS.17906119H }}</ref> Sashen noma yana da saurin shafar canjin yanayi,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Geoffrey |last1=Sabiiti |first2=Joseph Mwalichi |last2=Ininda |first3=Laban |last3=Ogallo |first4=Franklin |last4=Opijah |first5=Alex |last5=Nimusiima |first6=George |last6=Otieno |first7=Saul Daniel |last7=Ddumba |first8=Jamiat |last8=Nanteza |first9=Charles |last9=Basalirwa |author-link3=Ogallo Laban |title=Nanteza and C. Basalirwa. 2016. Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda |journal=Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences |volume=7 |date=2016 |pages=3–13 |url=https://jeas.agropublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/JEAS-7-1.pdf }}</ref> musamman sauye-sauyen ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yanayin zafi, da munanan al'amuran yanayi (fari da ambaliyar ruwa). An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan al'amuran na yanayi za su ƙaru a nan gaba kuma ana sa ran za su haifar da gagarumin sakamako ga sashen noma.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change"/> Wannan zai kasance da mummunan tasiri akan farashin abinci, wadatar abinci, da shawarwari game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite book|section=A1 – 1 Sustainability, food security and climate change: three intertwined challenges|title=Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en/|access-date=2019-08-15|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030918/http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amfanin gona daga noman ruwan sama a wasu ƙasashen Afirka na iya raguwa da kashi 50% zuwa shekarar 2020.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change" /> Don hana mummunan tasiri na gaba na sauye-sauyen yanayi akan samar da abinci, yana da matakar muhimmanci a daidaita ko ba da shawarar manufofi masu yiwuwa don jure wa ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi. Ƙasashen Afirka suna buƙatar gina tsarin doka na ƙasa don sarrafa albarkatun abinci daidai da canjin yanayi da ake tsammani. Sai dai, kafin tsara manufofin magance tasirin sauye-sauyen yanayi, musamman ga sashen noma, yana da matakar muhimmanci a sami fahimta mai kyau game da yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar amfanin gona daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Hassnain |last2=Hellegers |first2=Petra |last3=Siderius |first3=Christian |date=2021-01-01 |title=Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments |journal=Climate Risk Management |volume=34 |article-number=100378 |doi=10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378 |bibcode=2021CliRM..3400378S |issn=2212-0963|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a shekarar 2020 saboda mummunan farmakin fara (locusts) wanda ya yi mummunan tasiri ga aikin noma a gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Rosane-2020">{{cite news|last1=Rosane|first1=Olivia|date=27 January 2020|title=Worst Locust Swarm to Hit East Africa in Decades Linked to Climate Crisis|agency=Ecowatch|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/locust-swarm-east-africa-2644928358.html|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> An danganta wannan farmakin sashin jiki ga canjin yanayi - yanayin zafi mafi dumi da mamakon ruwan sama wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar fara ta hanyar da ba a saba gani ba.<ref name="Rosane-2020" /> A Gabashin Afirka, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai daɗa yawaita da tsananin fari da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga sashen noma. Canjin yanayi zai haifar da tasiri daban-daban akan aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka. Bincike daga Cibiyar Binciken Manufofin Abinci ta Duniya (IFPRI) ya nuna ƙaruwar amfanin masara a mafi yawan Gabashin Afirka, amma asarar amfanin gona a sassan [[Itofiya|Habasha]] (Ethiopia), Jamhuriyar Dimokiraɗiyyar Kongo (DRC), Tanzania, da kuma arewacin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis |url=http://www.ifpri.org/publication/east-african-agriculture-and-climate-change-comprehensive-analysis |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |language=en}}</ref> Ana kuma sa ran hasashen canjin yanayi zai rage ƙarfin ƙasar da ake noma don samar da amfanin gona mai inganci da yawa.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/09/11/000158349_20080911163038/Rendered/PDF/WPS4717.pdf |title=How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones And Impact African Agriculture? |author1=Kurukulasuriya, P. |author2=Mendelsohn, R. |date=25 September 2008 |publisher=The World Bank |series=Policy Research Working Papers |doi=10.1596/1813-9450-4717 |hdl=10986/6994 |s2cid=129416028}}</ref> Canjin yanayi a Kenya ana sa ran zai haifar da babban tasiri ga sashen noma, wanda mafi yawansa ya dogara da ruwan sama saboda haka yana cikin babban haɗarin sauye-sauye a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama, da munanan al'amuran yanayi.<ref name="NCCAP-2018">{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Environment and Forestry |title=National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022. Volume I |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402131336/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf }}</ref> Tasirin zai fi fitowa fili a cikin busassun ƙasashe da matsakaitan busassun ƙasashe (ASALs) inda kiwon dabbobi shine mabuɗin aikin tattalin arziki da hanyar rayuwa. A cikin yankunan ASALs, sama da kashi 70% na mutuwar dabbobi yana faruwa ne sakamakon fari.<ref name="NCCAP-2018" /> A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, kashi 52% na adadin shanu na yankunan ASAL suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa saboda tsananin zafi. === Tasiri ga lafiya === Kasashen Afirka ne ke da tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a mafi rashin inganci a duniya.<ref name="WHO-2014">World Health Organization. (2014). ''The health of the people: what works: the African Regional Health Report 2014''. World Health Organization.</ref> Nauyin cututtuka masu yaduwa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria), zazzabin tura (schistosomiasis), zazzabin dengue, da sankarau (meningitis), wadanda ke da saurin shafar tasirin yanayi, sun fi yawa a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka. Alal misali, sama da kashi 90 cikin dari na adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya duk shekara suna Afirka.<ref name="WHO-2014" /> Sauye-sauyen yanayi za su shafi yaduwar kwayoyin cuta gami da canza yadda mutane ke fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da wadannan cututtuka. Bisa rahoton kimantawa na shida na hukumar IPCC, canjin yanayi yana zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar dubun-dubatar mutanen Afirka, domin yana jefa su cikin yanayin zafi ko sanyi mara kyau, munanan al'amuran yanayi, da kuma karuwar yankuna da saurin yaduwar cututtuka masu yaduwa.<ref>{{cite book |type=Final Draft |chapter=Chapter 9:Africa |title=IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_Chapter09.pdf}}</ref> Canjin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi, guguwa, fari, da hauhawar matakin teku, zai shafi aukuwa da kuma rarrabuwar cututtuka masu yaduwa a fadin duniya.<ref name="Beard-2016">Beard, C. B.; Eisen, R. J.; Barker, C. M.; Garofalo, J. F.; Hahn, M.; Hayden, M.; Schramm, P. J. (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607130925/https://health2016.globalchange.gov/vectorborne-diseases "Vector-Borne Diseases".] Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> A watan Yulin 2021, Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WFP) ta dora alhakin matsalar karancin abinci da ke gudana a kudancin Madagascar kacokan a kan canjin yanayi, ba wai a kan yaki ko rikici ba. An bayyana lamarin a matsayin yunwa ta farko da canjin yanayi ya haifar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Aryn |title=Climate, Not Conflict. Madagascar's Famine is the First in Modern History to be Solely Caused by Global Warming |url=https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |magazine=Time |date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723003745/https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Charlene |title=Madagascar famine becomes first in history to be caused solely by climate crisis |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/madagascar-famine-climate-crisis-b1888058.html |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=The Independent |date=22 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harding|first=Andrew|date=24 August 2021|title=Madagascar on the brink of climate change-induced famine|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792|access-date=2021-09-10}}</ref> === Zazzabin cizon sauro (Malaria) === A Afirka, zazzabin cizon sauro yana ci gaba da yin mummunan tasiri ga al'umma. Yayin da canjin yanayi ke ci gaba, takaitattun yankunan da ke iya fuskantar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro mai babban hadari a duk tsawon shekara za su tashi daga gabar tekun yammacin Afirka zuwa yankin da ke tsakanin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo da Uganda, wanda aka sani da Tsaunin Afirka (African Highlands).<ref name="Ryan-2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ryan|first1=Sadie J.|last2=McNally|first2=Amy|last3=Johnson|first3=Leah R.|last4=Mordecai|first4=Erin A.|last5=Ben-Horin|first5=Tal|last6=Paaijmans|first6=Krijn|last7=Lafferty|first7=Kevin D.|year=2015|title=Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change|journal=Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases|volume=15|issue=12|pages=718–725|doi=10.1089/vbz.2015.1822|pmc=4700390|pmid=26579951|bibcode=2015VBZD...15..718R }}</ref> Kura-kuran kimiyya yayin binciken sauye-sauyen yanayin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka suna da kama da wadanda ke da alaka da faffadan fahimtar canjin yanayi da zazzabin cizon sauro. Yayin da tsara taswira ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi ke nuna cewa akwai alaka tsakanin karuwar zafi da karuwar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, har yanzu da akwai sauran rashi na bayanai. Sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a a nan gaba wadanda ke shafar cunkoson jama'a, gami da sauye-sauye a dabi'un sauro, na iya shafar saurin yaduwar cutar kuma suna zama abubuwan da ke takaita tantance hadarin bullar zazzabin cizon sauro a nan gaba, wanda hakan kuma ke shafar shiri na dace don tunkarar bullar cutar.<ref name="Ryan-2015" /> Game da saurin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka, abubuwa da illolin da ke fitowa daga gagarumin sauyin muhalli kamar yanayi mai dumi, sauye-sauyen yanayin gudanar ruwa, da karuwar tasirin ayyukan dan adam kamar sare bishiyoyi (deforestation), suna samar da ingantaccen yanayi don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro tsakanin mai dauke da cutar da wanda ake frawa.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ |year=2012 |title=Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |volume=3 |page=315 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2012.00315 |pmc=3429085 |pmid=22934065 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Musamman ma, zazzabin cizon sauro yana faruwa ne sanadiyyar kwayoyin cuta na "Plasmodium falciparum" da "Plasmodium vivax" wadanda kwarin sauro na "Anopheles" ke dauke da su. Kodayake kwayar cutar "Plasmodium vivax" na iya rayuwa a yanayin zafi mafi karanci, ita kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" za ta iya rayuwa ne kawai kuma ta hayayyafa a cikin sauro lokacin da yanayin zafi ya haura 20 °C.<ref name="CDC-2018">{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Where Malaria Occurs |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Karuwar danshi da ruwan sama suma suna taimakawa wajen hayayyafa da rayuwar wannan kwayar cuta.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease |url=https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/climate-change-and-vector-borne-disease |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Science Education}}</ref> Kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro zai zama babban hadari ga mutane yayin da adadin matan sauro na "Anopheles" masu dauke da kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" ko "Plasmodium vivax" ke karuwa.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011" /> Bincike ya nuna karuwar dacewar yanayi gaba daya don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan mutanen da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="Caminade-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Colón-González FJ, Stenlund H, Martens P, Lloyd SJ |date=March 2014 |title=Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=111 |issue=9 |pages=3286–3291 |bibcode=2014PNAS..111.3286C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1302089111 |pmc=3948226 |pmid=24596427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mafi mahimmanci shine karuwar yautuwar barkewar cutar a wurare masu tsayi (kamar Tsaunin Afirka). Haifawar yanayin zafi a wadannan yankuna na da damar sauya yankunan da da can ba su da zazzabin sauro zuwa yankuna masu fama da barkewar cutar na lokaci-lokaci.<ref name="pmid7656875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martens WJ, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ |date=May 1995 |title=Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=458–64 |doi=10.1289/ehp.95103458 |pmc=1523278 |pmid=7656875|bibcode=1995EnvHP.103..458M }}</ref> Sakamakon haka, sabbin al'umma za su fuskanci cutar, wanda zai kai ga asarar shekaru masu amfani na koshin lafiya. Bugu da kari, nauyin cutar na iya zama mafi lahani ga yankunan da ba su da karfi da albarkatun da za su magance irin wadannan kalubale da matsaloli yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B |date=January 2016 |title=Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation |journal=Environment International |volume=86 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007 |pmid=26479830 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016EnInt..86...14W }}</ref> Yayin da canjin yanayi ke sauya yankunan labarin kasa na yaduwar cutar zuwa Tsaunin Afirka, kalubalen zai kasance shine gano da kuma sarrafa kwarin sauro a yankunan da ba su taba ganinsa ba a baya.<ref name="pmid14654317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanser FC, Sharp B, le Sueur D |date=November 2003 |title=Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa |journal=Lancet |volume=362 |issue=9398 |pages=1792–8 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2 |pmid=14654317 |s2cid=22850163 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24378625 }}</ref> == Tasiri da ke shafar shiyyoyi == === Afirka ta Tsakiya === Afirka ta Tsakiya, a mafi yawancin sassa, yanki ne da ke kewaye da kasa (ba shi da gabar teku) kuma ta fuskar labarin kasa yana fuskantar barazanar canjin yanayi. Saboda tsananin sauye-sauyen yanayi a yankin da kuma dogaro ga aikin noma na ruwan sama, ana sa ran Afirka ta Tsakiya za ta fuskanci lokutan tsananin zafi (heatwaves) masu tsayi da kuma yawaitar mazaunai, gami da karuwar mamakon ruwan sama na matakari na karshe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diedhiou |first1=Arona |last2=Bichet |first2=Adeline |last3=Wartenburger |first3=Richard |last4=Seneviratne |first4=Sonia I |last5=Rowell |first5=David P |last6=Sylla |first6=Mouhamadou B |last7=Diallo |first7=Ismaila |last8=Todzo |first8=Stella |last9=Touré |first9=N'datchoh E |last10=Camara |first10=Moctar |last11=Ngatchah |first11=Benjamin Ngounou |last12=Kane |first12=Ndjido A |last13=Tall |first13=Laure |last14=Affholder |first14=François |title=Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=June 2018 |volume=13 |issue=6 |article-number=065020 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5 |bibcode=2018ERL....13f5020D |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/274346 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Matsakaitan zafin duniya a wannan yanki ana sa ran zai karu da digiri 1.5 °C zuwa 2 °C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seneviratne |first1=Sonia I. |last2=Donat |first2=Markus G. |last3=Pitman |first3=Andy J. |last4=Knutti |first4=Reto |last5=Wilby |first5=Robert L. |title=Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets |journal=Nature |date=28 January 2016 |volume=529 |issue=7587 |pages=477–483 |doi=10.1038/nature16542 |pmid=26789252 |s2cid=205247437 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9482219 }}</ref> Karfin shakar iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli (carbon dioxide) na daji a yankin Kogin Kongo ya ragu. Wannan raguwa ta faru ne saboda karuwar zafi da fari da ke haifar da raguwar girman bishiyoyi. Wannan yana nuna cewa har ma dajin da ba a taba sare bishiyoyinsa ba canjin yanayi yana shafar sa. Wani bincike da aka wallafa a mujallar Nature ya nuna cewa nan da shekarar 2030, dajin Afirka zai shaki kasa da kashi 14 cikin dari na carbon dioxide idan aka kwatanta da abin da yake shaka tsakanin shekarun 2005-2010, kuma ba zai shaki komai ba kwata-kwata nan da shekarar 2035.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Daniel |date=4 March 2020 |title=The Congo rainforest is losing ability to absorb carbon dioxide. That's bad for climate change. |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/the-congo-rainforest-is-losing-its-ability-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-for-climate-change/2020/03/03/3363d218-5ca9-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> === Gabashin Afirka === Ganin cewa kusan gaba daya yankin yana cikin yankuna masu zafi (tropics), ruwan sama a Gabashin Afirka ya dogara ne kacokan a kan sauye-sauyen lokaci na gungun gajimare na ruwan sama na yankunan zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=Sharon E. |date=2017 |title=Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=590–635 |bibcode=2017RvGeo..55..590N |doi=10.1002/2016RG000544 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gabashin Afirka yana da siffar sauye-sauyen ruwan sama masu yawa ta fuskar lokaci da sarari saboda ya shimfidu sama da digiri 30 na layi na latitude (ketare layin hantar duniya). Yana samun tasiri daga tekunan Indiya da na Atlantika, kuma yana da manyan siffofin kasa (yankunan tsaunuka) gami da manyan madatsun ruwa na cikin kasa kamar Tafkin Victoria. Saboda haka, yanayin lokutan ruwan sama ya bambanta tun daga lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin watannin Yuli-Agusta a sassan arewa maso yamma (ciki har da Habasha da Sudan ta Kudu, wadanda ta fuskar yanayi ke da alaka da Yammacin Afirka, inda iskar iska mai kawo ruwa ta Yammacin Afirka ke kawo musu ruwan sama) zuwa lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin Disamba - Fabrairu a kudanci (a fadin Tanzania), yayin da yankuna da dama na kusa da layin hantar duniya ke da lokutan ruwan sama guda biyu a shekara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily C. L. |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |date=2016 |title=The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=121 |issue=19 |pages=11,405–11,424 |bibcode=2016JGRD..12111405D |doi=10.1002/2016JD025428 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kusan a tsakanin watannin Maris-Mayu (wato "Dogon Ruwa") da Oktoba zuwa Disamba ("Takaitaccen Ruwa"). Sauye-sauyen ruwan sama a kan kananan siffofi sau da yawa suna da alaka da siffofin tsaunuka da tafkuna. Sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara na iya zama manya, kuma abubuwan sarrafawa da aka sani sun hada da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafin saman teku (SSTs) na kwarurukan tekuna daban-daban, yanayin iska mai fadin gaske na sauye-sauye kamar Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vellinga |first1=Michael |last2=Milton |first2=Sean |date=2018 |title=Drivers of interannual variability of the East African 'Long Rains' |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |language=en |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=861–876 |bibcode=2018QJRMS.144..861V |doi=10.1002/qj.3263 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Finney 2109–2129">{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Jackson |first3=Lawrence S. |last4=Kendon |first4=Elizabeth J. |last5=Rowell |first5=David P. |last6=Boorman |first6=Penelope M. |last7=Keane |first7=Richard J. |last8=Stratton |first8=Rachel A. |last9=Senior |first9=Catherine A. |date=5 February 2019 |title=Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=2109–2129 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.2109F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> da kuma guguwa mai karfi ta wuraren zafi (tropical cyclones).<ref name="Finney 2109–2129" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kilavi |first1=Mary |last2=MacLeod |first2=Dave |last3=Ambani |first3=Maurine |last4=Robbins |first4=Joanne |last5=Dankers |first5=Rutger |last6=Graham |first6=Richard |last7=Titley |first7=Helen |last8=Salih |first8=Abubakr A. M. |last9=Todd |first9=Martin C. |date=December 2018 |title=Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions |journal=Atmosphere |language=en |volume=9 |issue=12 |page=472 |bibcode=2018Atmos...9..472K |doi=10.3390/atmos9120472 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dogon Ruwa shi ne babban lokacin noman amfanin gona a yankin. Hasashen shekara-shekara na wannan lokaci yana da karanci idan aka kwatanta da Takaitaccen Ruwa, kuma bushewar da aka gani kwanan nan ta sha bamban da hasashen yanayi na samun damina mai zuwa a nan gaba (wanda ake kira "Dambarar yanayin Gabashin Afirka").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |date=15 December 2015 |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref>). Gabashin Afirka ya shaida yawaitar fari mai tsanani a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, gami da ambaliyar ruwa mai barna. Yanayin ruwan sama tun daga shekarun 1980 ya nuna raguwa gaba daya a cikin watannin Maris - Mayu (MAM) yayin da aka sami 'yar karuwa kadan a lokacin ruwan sama na watannin Yuni - Satumba (JJAS) da Oktoba - Disamba (OND),<ref name="Bernhofer 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Bernhofer |first1=Christian |last2=Hülsmann |first2= Stephan |last3=Gebrechorkos |first3=Solomon H. |date=6 August 2019 |title=Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=11376 |bibcode=2019NatSR...911376G |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8 |pmc=6684806 |pmid=31388068 }}</ref> kodayake kamar an sami komawa daidai kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman MAM.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Wainwright |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Keane |first3=Richard J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5= Finney |first5=Declan L. |last6=Black |first6=Emily |last7=Allan |first7=Richard P. |date=12 September 2019 |title='Eastern African Paradox' rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=34 |doi=10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7 |bibcode=2019npCAS...2...34W |doi-access=free }}</ref> A nan gaba, an kiyasta cewa ruwan sama da yanayin zafi za su canza a fadin Gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Muhati |first1=Godwin Leslie |last2=Olago |first2=Daniel |last3=Olaka |first3= Lydia |date=1 October 2018 |title=Past and projected rainfall and temperature trends in a sub-humid Montane Forest in Northern Kenya based on the CMIP5 model ensemble |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=16 |article-number=e00469 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018GEcoC..1600469M }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 621–633">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Senior |first2= Catherine A. |last3=Vellinga |first3=Michael |last4=Graham |first4=Richard J. |date=1 February 2016 |title=Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance? |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=134 |issue=4 |pages=621–633 |bibcode=2016ClCh..134..621R |doi=10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bincike na baya-bayan nan kan kiyasin yanayi ya nuna cewa matsakacin zafi na iya karuwa da kusan digiri 2-3 °C zuwa tsakiyar karni sannan da digiri 2-5 °C a karshen karni.<ref name= "Bornemann 365–384">{{Cite journal |last1=Bornemann |first1=F. Jorge |last2=Rowell |first2=David P. |last3=Evans |first3=Barbara |last4=Lapworth |first4=Dan J. |last5=Lwiza |first5=Kamazima |last6= Macdonald |first6=David M.J. |last7=Marsham |first7=John H. |last8=Tesfaye |first8=Kindie |last9=Ascott |first9=Matthew J. |last10=Way |first10=Celia |date=1 October 2019 |title=Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=365–384 |bibcode=2019ClCh..156..365B |doi=10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan zai dogara ne a kan tsarin fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli gami da yadda ainihin yanayin ke mayar da martani idan aka kwatanta da sakamako daban-daban da kirar tsare-tsare na na'ura (models) suka nuna. Kiyasin kirar yanayi yana nuna cewa za a sami karuwar ruwan sama, musamman a lokacin OND, wanda kuma aka kiyasta zai auku a makare. Wannan jinkiri na takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama yana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Sahara (Saharan Heat Low) karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738">{{cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |title=Later Wet Seasons with More Intense Rainfall over Africa under Future Climate Change |journal=Journal of Climate |date=December 2018 |volume=31 |issue=23 |pages=9719–9738 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1 |bibcode=2018JCli...31.9719D |s2cid=52990163 }}</ref> Sai dai kuma, wasu kirar tsare-tsaren na kiyasin raguwar ruwan sama,<ref name="Rowell 621–633" /><ref name="Bornemann 365–384" /> kuma ga wasu shiyyoyi da lokuta, mafi girman karuwar ruwan sama da aka kiyasta an nuna cewa yana kunshe da hanyoyin da ba su dace ba saboda kura-kurai na tsari na kirar tsare-tsaren.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=David P. |date=2019 |title= An Observational Constraint on CMIP5 Projections of the East African Long Rains and Southern Indian Ocean Warming |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=46 |issue=11 |pages=6050–6058 |bibcode=2019GeoRL..46.6050R |doi=10.1029/2019GL082847 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bugu da kari, sauye-sauyen sinadarai na iska (aerosols) suna tasiri ga sauyin ruwan sama wanda ba a iya kamawa a cikin kiyasin canjin yanayi da dama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scannell |first1=Claire |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Dunstone |first3=Nick J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5=Bernie |first5=Dan J. |last6=Kasoar |first6=Matthew |last7=Voulgarakis |first7=Apostolos |last8=Wilcox |first8=Laura J. |last9=Acosta Navarro |first9=Juan C. |last10=Seland |first10=Øyvind |last11=Paynter |first11=David J. |date=13 September 2019 |title=The Influence of Remote Aerosol Forcing from Industrialized Economies on the Future Evolution of East and West African Rainfall |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=8335–8354 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.8335S |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1 |doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/75583 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 9768–9788">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |date=7 October 2015 |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin yanayin bushewa na ruwan saman MAM (dogon ruwa) a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, tare da yawancin kirar kiyasin da ke nuna za a sami jika a nan gaba an sanya masa lakabi da "dambarar canjin yanayin Gabashin Afirka",<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> kodayake an sami dan farfadowa kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Bincike ya nuna cewa yanayin bushewar ba lallai ba ne ya kasance na halitta zalla, amma yana iya kasancewa samfari ne na abubuwa kamar su aerosols maimakon iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli,<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> saboda haka ana bukatar kararin bincike. An nuna bushewar ta faru ne saboda takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama, kuma tana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Larabawa (Arabian Heat Low).<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Sakamakon rashin tabbas a cikin kiyasin ruwan sama, sauye-sauye a farkon lokutan ruwan sama ba su da tabbas a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, kodayake kirar kiyasin da dama suna nuna makarin takaitaccen ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> An san cewa tsarin Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) yana ba da gagarumin iko a kan sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara a cikin takaitaccen ruwan sama,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Black |first1=Emily |last2=Slingo |first2=Julia |last3=Sperber |first3=Kenneth R. |date=1 January 2003 |title=An Observational Study of the Relationship between Excessively Strong Short Rains in Coastal East Africa and Indian Ocean SST |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=74–94 |bibcode=2003MWRv..131...74B |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0074:AOSOTR>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kuma bincike ya nuna cewa tsananin IOD na iya karuwa karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cai |first1=Wenju |last2=Wang |first2=Guojian |last3=Gan |first3=Bolan |last4=Wu |first4=Lixin |last5=Santoso |first5=Agus |last6=Lin |first6=Xiaopei |last7=Chen |first7=Zhaohui |last8=Jia |first8=Fan |last9=Yamagata |first9=Toshio |date=12 April 2018 |title=Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=1419 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.1419C |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 |pmid=29650992 |pmc=5897553 }}</ref> A fadin duniya, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kai ga tsanantar ruwan sama, yayin da mamakon ruwan sama ke karuwa cikin sauri tare da dumama fiye da yadda jimillar ruwan sama ke yi.<ref name="Global Warming of 1.5 °C —">{{Cite web |last=IPCC |date=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ |access-date=2020-02-16 |website=IPCC}}</ref> Binciken baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa a fadin Afirka, ana sa ran kirar kiyasin duniya za su gaza kimanta saurin sauyin wannan tsanantar ruwan sama,<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> kuma sauye-sauye a cikin matakan karshe na ruwan sama na iya yaduwa sosai fiye da wadanda kirar kiyasin duniya suka kiyasta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Rowell |first3=David P. |last4=Kendon |first4= Elizabeth J. |last5=Tucker |first5=Simon O. |last6=Stratton |first6=Rachel A. |last7=Jackson |first7=Lawrence S. |date=22 January 2020 |title=Effects of explicit convection on future projections of mesoscale circulations, rainfall and rainfall extremes over Eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=2701–2718 |bibcode=2020JCli...33.2701F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Sassan kudancin Gabashin Afirka suna samun mafi yawan ruwan samansu ne a cikin lokacin ruwan sama guda daya a lokacin sanyin rabin duniyar kudanci: a fadin Tanzania an kiyasta ruwan saman lokaci zai karu karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, kodayake akwai rashin tabbas.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> can gaba zuwa kudanci, a fadin Mozambique, an kiyasta takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama saboda farawa a makare karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, shi ma tare da wasu rashin tabbas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bin |last2=Liu |first2=De Li |last3=Waters |first3=Cathy |last4=Yu |first4=Qiang |date=2 October 2018 |title=Quantifying sources of uncertainty in projected wheat yield changes under climate change in eastern Australia |journal=Climatic Change |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=259–273 |bibcode=2018ClCh..151..259W |doi=10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z |s2cid=158743534 }}</ref> A matsayin misali, kasar Kenya tana da babban hadarin fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi. Babban hadarin yanayi sun hada da fari da ambaliyar ruwa saboda ruwan sama zai kasance mai tsanani da kuma wuyar hasashe. Kirar tsare-tsare na yanayi sun yi hasashen cewa yanayin zafi zai tashi da digiri 0.5 zuło 2 °C.<ref name="World_Bank">{{cite web |author=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |title=Kenya (Vulnerability) |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |access-date=2021-01-28 |archive-date=2023-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin rukunin gidajen marasa galihu na birnin Nairobi, tasirin dumama na tsarin birni (urban heat island) yana kara tsananta matsalar domin yana haifar da yanayin zafi mafi dumi na kewaye. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda kayayyakin ginin gidaje, rashin samun iska mai kyau, karancin korayen wurare, da karancin damar samun wutar lantarki da sauran ayyuka.<ref name="Hirch_2017">{{cite web |last=Hirch |first=Aurther |date=November 2017 |title=Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/}}</ref> === Arewacin Afirka === === Yammacin Afirka da Sahel === Yannkin Yammacin Afirka za a iya raba shi zuwa kananan shiyyoyin yanayi guda hudu wadanda sune Gabar Tekun Guinea, Sudano-Sahel, Sahel (wanda ya shimfidu gabas zuwa iyakar Habasha) da kuma Sahara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agyeman |first1=Richard Yao Kuma |last2=Quansah |first2=Emmannuel |last3=Lamptey |first3=Benjamin |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Agyekum |first5=Jacob |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of CMIP5 Global Climate Models over the Volta Basin: Precipitation |journal=Advances in Meteorology |volume=2018 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1155/2018/4853681 |bibcode=2018AdMet201853681A |doi-access=free}}</ref> kowanne yana da yanayin gudanar iska daban-daban. Zagayowar lokutan ruwan sama ya dogara ne mafi yawancinsa akan motsi na kudu-arewa na gungun iska mai haduwa ta yankunan zafi (ITCZ) wanda ke da siffar haduwar iska mai danshi ta yamma maso kudu da iska mai bushewa ta gabas maso arewa wato Hunutu (Harmattan). == Karba-da-daidaitawa == Don rage tasirin canjin yanayi a kasashen Afirka, ana bukatar matakan karba-da-daidaitawa (adaptation) a matakai da dama – tun daga matakin gida (local) zuwa matakin kasa da na shiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|title=Africa's Adaptation Gap, Technical Report: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Challenges, and Costs for Africa|last=Climate Analytics|website=Climate Analytics|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117055339/https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zaman farko na ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa a Afirka za a iya siffanta su mafi yawanci a matsayin kanana ta fuskar tsari, wadanda suka mayar da hankali kan zuba jari na musamman a fannin aikin noma da kuma yada fasahohi don tallafawa yanke shawara na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Troni |first=Jessica |title=Climate change adaptation in Africa: UNDP synthesis of experiences and recommendations |year=2018 |oclc=1079881730}}</ref> A dabarun baya-bayan nan, kokarin shirye-shiryen ya karkata zuwa ga manyan ayyuka da aka tsara su cikin hadin gwiwa, wadanda ke tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi fannoni da dama lokaci guda. A cewar wani bincike na shekarar 2023, kashi 59 cikin dari na bankunan Afirka suna da tsarin manufofin canjin yanayi da aka riga aka kafa, yayin da wani kashi 22 cikin dari ke shirin aiwatar da hakan. Kashi 65 cikin dari na bankunan a halin yanzu suna yin la'akari da hadarin yanayi yayin kimanta sabbin abokan ciniki ko ayyuka, yayin da wani kashi 23 cikin dari ke sa ran yin hakan a nan gaba.<ref name="EIB-2023"/> [[File:Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_(%_of_surveyed_African_banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Damammaki da kayayyakin hada-hadar kudi na kore (Green finance) daga bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai<ref name="eib.org">{{Cite web|title=Finance in Africa report finds that banks want to move faster into green lending|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/africa-green-lending|access-date=2021-12-10|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bank">{{Cite book|last=Bank|first=European Investment|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/economic-report-finance-in-africa-green-smart-inclusive-private-sector-development|title=Finance in Africa: for green, smart and inclusive private sector development|date=18 November 2021|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5063-0|language=EN}}</ref>]] Inganta fasahar hasashen yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana da muhimmanci wajen bayar da bayanai don mayar da martani ga canjin yanayi,<ref name="Youds-2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Youds|first1=L.|last2=Parker|first2=D. J.|last3=Adefisan|first3=E. A.|last4=Antwi-Agyei|first4=P.|last5=Bain|first5=C. L.|last6=Black|first6=E. C. L.|last7=Blyth|first7=A. M.|last8=Dougill|first8=A. J.|last9=Hirons|first9=L. C.|date=13 May 2021|title=GCRF African SWIFT White Paper Policy Brief: The future of African weather forecasting|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174093/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=eprints.whiterose.ac.uk|language=en|doi=10.5518/100/67}}</ref> domin taimakawa wajen yanke shawara da ke da alaka da karba-da-daidaitawa da canjin yanayi misali.<ref name="Youds-2021" /> Yayin Babban Taron Kasashen da ke Cikin Yarjejeniya karo na 21 (COP21) a shekarar 2015, shugabannin kasashen Afirka sun kaddamar da Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka (Africa Adaptation Initiative - AAI). Kwamitin gudanarwa na AAI ya kunshi Ofishin Taron Ministocin Afirka kan Muhalli (AMCEN) da kuma shugaban Rukunin Masu Tattaunawa na Afirka (AGN).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africaadaptationinitiative.org/|title=AAI|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Haka kuma, Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana tallafawa Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|title = European Union ramps up support to Africa Adaptation Initiative|website = United Nations Development Programme|date = 22 January 2020|access-date = 9 June 2026|archive-date = 10 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210510103326/https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta yi gungun gwiwa da Tarayyar Afirka kan inganta dorewar gudanar da albarkatun kasa, juriya ta muhalli, da rage tasirin canjin yanayi (climate change mitigation)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance |title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance }}</ref> A matakin shiyya, kafa manufofi da ayyuka na shiyya don tallafawa karba-da-daidaitawa a fadin Afirka har yanzu suna matakin farko. Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na IPCC (AR5) ya bayyana misalan tsare-tsaren ayyuka na canjin yanayi na shiyyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da wadanda Kungiyar Ci gaban Kasashen Kudancin Afirka (SADC) da Kwamitin Kogin Tafkin Victoria suka samar.<ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa, an gudanar da shirye-shiryen farko da dama na daidaitawa ta hanyar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPAs) ko Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCRS). Sai dai kuma, aiwatar da su ya kasance cikin jinkiri, tare da samun nasarori mabambanta a fannin isarwa.<ref name = date>{{Cite journal|last1=Pardoe|first1=Joanna|last2=Conway|first2=Declan|last3=Namaganda|first3=Emilinah |last4=Vincent|first4=Katharine|last5=Dougill|first5=Andy|last6=Kashaigili|first6=Japhet|date=2018|title=Climate Change and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Policy and Practice in Tanzania.|journal= Climate Policy|volume=18|issue=7|pages=863–877|doi=10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sanya batun canjin yanayi cikin tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki da ci gaba mafi fadin gaske har yanzu yana da iyaka kodayake yana ci gaba da bunkasa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lessons learned in preparing national adaptation programmes of action in Eastern and Southern Africa|last1=Osman-Elasha|first1=Balgis|last2=Downing|first2=Tom | publisher = Stockholm Environment Institute|year=2007}}</ref><ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa da na gida (subnational), hukumomin larduna da na birni da dama su ma suna samar da dabarunsu na kansu, misali Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Western Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|title=Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy|last=Western Cape Government|date=2014|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220102835/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, matakan iya aiki na fasaha da albarkatun da ke akwai don aiwatar da tsare-tsaren gaba daya suna da karanci. An ba da hankali sosai a fadin Afirka ga aiwatar da ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa na tushen al'umma (community-based adaptation). Akwai amincewa gaba daya cewa mafi kyawun hanyar tallafawa daidaitawa a matakin gida ita ce farawa da irin karfin daidaitawa na cikin gida da ke akwai riga, da kuma yin amfani da ilimin gargajiya da ayyukan gida.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ofoegbu|first1=Chidiebere|last2=Chirwa|first2=Paxie|last3=Francis|first3=Joseph|last4=Babalola|first4=Folaranmi|date=15 May 2017|title=Assessing vulnerability of rural communities to climate change: A review of implications for forest-based livelihoods in South Africa|journal=International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management|volume=9|issue=3|pages=374–386|doi=10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044 |hdl=2263/61659|hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[File:Climate risk approach (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Sakamakon da ya shafi tsarin fuskantar hadarin yanayi na bankunan Afirka (% na bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu) daga binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021<ref name="eib.org"/><ref name="Bank"/>]] Hukumar IPCC ta bayyana hanyoyi da dama masu nasara don inganta daidaitawa mai tasiri a Afirka, inda ta bayyana ka'idoji guda biyar na gama gari.<ref name=":0r" /> Wadannan sun hada da: # Habaka tallafi ga hanyoyin daidaitawa masu zaman kansu (autonomous forms of adaptation); # Kara mayar da hankali ga la'akari na al'ada, dabi'u, da hakki na daidaitawa (musamman ta hanyar shigar da mata, matasa, da matalauta da mutane masu rauni sosai a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa); # Hadawa tsakanin zabuka na "hanyoyin sanyaya gwiwa" (soft path) da hanyoyin koyo masu sauki da maimaitawa tare da hanyoyin fasaha da ababen more rayuwa (gami da hada ilimin kimiyya, na gida, da na gargajiya wajen samar da dabarun daidaitawa); # Mayar da hankali kan inganta juriya da aiwatar da zabukan daidaitawa wadanda ba sa da da-na-sani (low-regrets options); da kuma # Gina tsarin gudanarwa mai dacewa da kuma karfafa tsarin koyo na zamantakewa da na hukumomi a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa. Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya mai taken "Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa Plan of Action for the Health Sector 2012–2016"<ref name="WHO-2012">World Health Organization. (2012). Adaptation to climate change in Africa plan of action for the health sector 2012–2016. Retrieved from http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7699&Itemid=2593</ref> an tsara shi ne don "samar da cikakken martani da hadin gwiwa na fannin lafiya bisa hujjoji ga bukatun karba-da-daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasashen Afirka domin tallafawa kudurori da fifikon gwamnatocin Afirka."<ref name="WHO-2012" /> Tsarin aikin ya kunshi manufofi kamar fadada ayyukan lafiyar jama'a, daidaita kokari a matakin kasa da kasa, karfafa gungun gwiwa da kokarin hadin gwiwa, da kuma inganta bincike kan tasirin canjin yanayi gami da matakan inganci da aka dauka a al'ummomin gida don rage sakamakon canjin yanayi.<ref name="WHO-2012" /> A cewar Asusun Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana bukatar kararin dalar Amurka biliyan $30 zuwa $50 kowace shekara a fannin samar da kudade don daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Bank"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-Saharan Africa: One Planet, Two Worlds, Three Stories|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/pr21306-sub-saharan-africa-one-planet-two-worlds-three-stories|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dept|first=International Monetary Fund African|url=https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml|title=2. Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=15 April 2020|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-5135-3683-5|language=en|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523061856/https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml}}</ref> Kudaden tallafin yanayi a Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka sun kai jimillar dalar Amurka biliyan $32.6 (wato kashi 2 cikin dari na jimillar duniya) a shekarar 2019/2020, yayin da juna jari na yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara ya kasance dalar Amurka biliyan $43.8 (kashi 3 cikin dari na jimillar duniya).<ref name="EIB-2023">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230088-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Uncertain times, resilient banks: African finance at a crossroads |date=2023-09-27 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5598-7 |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Climate Finance Regional Briefing: Middle East and North Africa (2020) - Climate Funds Update |url=https://climatefundsupdate.org/publications/climate-finance-regional-briefing-middle-east-and-north-africa-2020/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021, hukumomin Afirka suna kara fahimtar bukatar magance hatsarin da ke tattare da canjin yanayi kuma suna fara amfani da damammaki a fannin samar da kudaden kore (green financing). Misali, kashi 54 cikin dari na bankunan da aka yi bincike a kansu sun dauki canjin yanayi a matsayin wani lamari na dabarun aiki, kuma fiye da kashi 40 cikin dari suna da ma'aikata da ke mayar da hankali kan fannonin da suka shafi yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Importer|first=A. P. O.|date=18 November 2021|title=EIB study highlights impact of COVID on African banks and business financing and opportunities for climate finance and digital transformation|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/apo/eib-study-highlights-impact-of-covid-on-african-banks-and-business-financing-and/205d41n|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Business Insider Africa|language=en}}</ref> Bankunan Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara suna kara fadada ayyukansu na dijital, lamarin da annobar COVID-19 ta hanzarta shi. Mafi yawancin bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu sun bayyana cewa annobar ta hanzarta takun sauyin dijital (digital transformation), kuma wannan sauyi zai kasance na din-din-din.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EIB President highlights new gender and digital investment initiatives to accelerate economic recovery across Africa|url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2021-165-eib-president-highlights-new-gender-and-digital-investment-initiatives-to-accelerate-economic-recovery-across-africa|access-date=2021-12-06|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=European Investment Bank Development Report|url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616085058/https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-16 }}</ref><ref name="Bank"/> Matalauta da marasa galihu sune suka fi fuskantar barazana, inda ma'aikata 'yan gudun hijira, 'yan gudun hijirar yaki, da sauran rukunoni da aka ware a cikin al'umma ke fuskantar wahala mafi tsanani. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum (GDP per capita) ba shi da tabbacin zai koma matakan shekarar 2019 har sai zuwa shekarar 2024, tare da barazanar sake faduwa kasa, kuma rikicin ya mayar da baya ga raguwar da aka yi hasashen samu na yawan matalauta, a cewar IMF. Idan aka kwatanta da hasashen kafin rikicin, wannan na iya haifar da kararin mutane miliyan 30 a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da za su rayu cikin matsananciyar talauci nan da shekarar 2021, gami da kararin mutane miliyan tara a yankin Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Selassie|first1=Abebe Aemro|last2=Department|first2=Habtamu Fuje IMF African|title=Seven Charts that Show Sub-Saharan Africa at a Crucial Point|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/na102021-seven-charts-that-show-sub-saharan-africa-at-a-crucial-point|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na dukkan kudaden tallafin yanayi na Afirka yana kwarara ne zuwa manyan kasuwanni guda biyar: Maroko (kashi 7 cikin dari na juna jari na yanayi na Afirka a cikin 2019/2022), Najeriya (kashi 7), Kenya (kashi 7), Habasha (kashi 6), da Afirka ta Kudu (kashi 5).<ref name="EIB-2023"/> A cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata, juna jari na kai-tsaye na ketare na kore (greenfield foreign direct investment) a fadin duniya ya ragu a kan matakin kashi 3 cikin dari a kowace shekara, inda gudunmuwar Afirka ga duniya ta fado daga kashi 12 cikin dari a shekarar 2017 zuwa kasa da kashi 6 cikin dari a shekarar 2021.<ref name="EIB-2023"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Investment Report 2023 |url=https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2023 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=UNCTAD |language=en}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Arewacin Afirka === [[File:Climate change specific personnel (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Ma'aikata na musamman kan canjin yanayi a bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (% na bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu)]] Babban matakan daidaitawa a arewacin Afirka suna da alaka da karuwar hadarin karancin ruwa (sakamakon haduwar canjin yanayi da ke shafar samun ruwa da kuma karuwar bukatarsa). Ragwar samun ruwa, a gefe guda, yana cudanya da karuwar yanayin zafi don haifar da bukatar daidaitawa tsakanin noman alkama na ruwan sama<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hegazy|first1=A. K.|last2=Medany|first2=M. A.|last3=Kabiel|first3=H. F.|last4=Maez|first4=M. M.|date=2008|title=Spatial and temporal projected distribution of four crop plants in Egypt|journal=Natural Resources Forum|volume=32|issue=4|pages=316–326|doi=10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x |bibcode=2008NRF....32..316H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drine|first=I.|date=May 2011|title=Climate Change Compounding Risks in North Africa |url=https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climate-change-compounding-risks-north-africa|website=United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) |type=Working Paper No. 32}}</ref> da kuma sauyin hadarin cututtuka (misali daga cutar leishmaniasis).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bounoua|first1=L.|last2=Kahime|first2=K.|last3=Houti|first3=L.|last4=Blakey|first4=T.|last5=Ebi|first5=K.L.|last6=Zhang|first6=P.|last7=Imhoff|first7=M.L.|last8=Thome|first8=K.J.|last9=Dudek|first9=C.|date=2013|title=Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=10|issue=8|article-number=3172–3191|doi=10.3390/ijerph10083172|pmid=23912199|pmc=3774431|doi-access=free|bibcode=2013IJERP..10.3172B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Toumi|first1=Amine|last2=Chlif|first2=Sadok|last3=Bettaieb|first3=Jihene|last4=Alaya|first4=Nissaf Ben|last5=Boukthir|first5=Aicha|last6=Ahmadi|first6=Zaher E.|last7=Salah|first7=Afif Ben|date=May 2012|editor-last=Ozcel|editor-first=Mehmet Ali|title=Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=6|issue=5|article-number=e1633|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001633|pmid=22563513|pmc=3341328 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Mafi yawancin ayyukan gwamnati na daidaitawa sun mayar da hankali ne a kan fannin samar da ruwa, misali ta hanyar kawar da gishirin ruwan teku (desalination), canja wurin ruwa tsakanin kwaruruka da kuma ginin madatsun ruwa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sowers |first1=Jeannie |last2=Vengosh |first2=Avner |last3=Weinthal |first3=Erika |title=Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa |journal=Climatic Change |date=February 2011 |volume=104 |issue=3–4 |pages=599–627 |doi=10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4 |bibcode=2011ClCh..104..599S |hdl=10161/6460 |s2cid=37329318 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An kuma lura cewa hijira tana zama wata hanya ta daidaitawa ga daidaikun mutane da gidaje a arewacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scheffran |first1=Jürgen |last2=Marmer |first2=Elina |last3=Sow |first3=Papa |title=Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa |journal=Applied Geography |date=April 2012 |volume=33 |pages=119–127 |doi=10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002 |bibcode=2012AppGe..33..119S }}</ref> Kamar yankuna da dama, duk da haka, misalan ayyukan daidaitawa na zahiri (sabanin niyyar yin aiki, ko kimanta fuskantar barazana) daga Arewacin Afirka suna da iyaka – wani bincike mai zurfi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2011 === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Yammacin Afirka === Samun ruwa babban hadari ne na musamman a Yammacin Afirka, inda munanan abubuwan da ke faruwa kamar fari ke haifar da rikice-rikicen bil'adama da ke da alaka da lokutan yunwa, karancin abinci, raba mutane da muhallansu, hijira gami da rikici da rashin tsaro. Dabarun daidaitawa za su iya kasancewa na muhalli, na al'ada/na fannin noma (agronomic) da kuma na tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shaibu |first1=M. T. |last2=Alhassan |first2=S. I. |last3=Panyan |first3=E. K. |last4=Avornyo |first4=F. K. |last5=Konlan |first5=S. P. |last6=Salifu |first6=S. |title=An Assessment of Institutional Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta River Basin of Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=27–40 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182464 }}</ref> Dabarun daidaitawa suna bayyana fili a fannin aikin noma, inda wasu daga cikinsu bincike na yau da kullum ko tashoshin gwaji suka samar ko suka inganta su.<ref name=":6r">{{Cite journal |last1=Kuwornu |first1=John K. M. |last2=Al-Hassan |first2=Ramatu M. |last3=Etwire |first3=Prince Maxwell |last4=Osei-Owusu |first4=Yaw |date=2013 |title=Adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability: Evidence from northern Ghana |journal=Information Management and Business Review |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=233–239 |doi=10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen aikin noma na gargajiya da aka lura da su a arewacin Ghana sun shafi amfanin gona, kasa, ko kuma sun shafi ayyukan al'adu.<ref name=":6r" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alhassan |first1=S. I. |last2=Shaibu |first2=M. T. |last3=Kuwornu |first3=J. K. M. |last4=Damba |first4=O. T. |title=Factors Influencing Farmers' Awareness and Choice of Indigenous Practices in Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=1–13 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182462 }}</ref> Daidaitawar aikin noma na dogaro da dabbobi sun hada da dabarun gargajiya kamar daidaita yawan abincin da ake ba dabbobi, adana isasshen abinci a lokacin wadata don ciyar da dabbobi a lokacin rani, warkar da raunuka da maganin da aka yi da bawon wasu bishiyoyi, da kuma rike nau'ikan dabbobi na gida wadanda riga suka saba da yanayin arewacin Ghana;<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Perceptions and Determinants of the Adoption of Indigenous Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Smallholder Livestock Farmers, North-West Ghana |editor= Kuwornu, J. K. M. |title=Climate Change in Sub-saharan Africa: The vulnerability and adaptation of food supply chains actors |author1=Shaibu, M. T. |author2=Alhassan, I. S. |author3=Avornyo, F. K. |author4=Lawson, E. T. |author5=Mensah, A. |author6=Gordon, C.|publisher=Vernon Press|year=2019|pages=223–240}}</ref> da fasahoyin samar da dabbobi da suka hada da kiwo, lafiya, abinci/mai gina jiki, da kuma wurin kwana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/4/v8180t/v8180t0y.htm|title=A classification of livestock production systems|website=www.fao.org|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Zabi da kuma amfani da dabarun daidaitawa sun dogara ne a matakai daban-daban a kan abubuwan da suka shafi alkaluman jama'a (demographic factors) kamar girman iyali, shekaru, jinsi, da ilimin shugaban iyali; abubuwan tattalin arziki kamar tushen kudin shiga; girman gona; ilimi game da zabukan daidaitawa; da kuma tsammanin abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Apata, T. G.|date=2011|title=Factors influencing the perception and choice of adaptation measures to climate change among farmers in Nigeria. Evidence from farm households in Southwest Nigeria|journal=Environmental Economics|volume=2|issue=4|pages=74–83}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Gabashin Afirka === A Gabashin Afirka zabukan daidaitawa sun bambanta, ciki har da inganta amfani da bayanan yanayi, ayyuka a fannin aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, da kuma fannin albarkatun ruwa. Yin amfani da ingantattun bayanan yanayi da na sararin samaniya, hasashen yanayi, da sauran kayan aikin gudanarwa yana ba da damar samun bayanai akan lokaci da kuma shirye-shiryen mutane a fannoni kamar aikin noma da ke dogaro da yanayi. Wannan yana nufin kwarewa a kan bayanan ruwa da yanayi (hydro-meteorological information) da tsarin gargadi na dauri.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=John|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/weather-and-climate-systems---africa.html|title=A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa|date=28 October 2016|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> An bayyana cewa al'ummomin gargajiya suna da ilimi a kan canje-canjen yanayi na tarihi ta hanyar alamun muhalli (misali bayyana da kuma hijirar wasu tsuntsaye, malam buɗe-littafi da sauransu), don haka inganta ilimin gargajiya an dauke shi a matsayin muhimmiyar dabarar daidaitawa. Daidaitawa a fannin aikin noma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-sector/agriculture-sectors-crop-naics-111-and-animal-naics-112|title=Agriculture Sectors: Crop (NAICS 111) and Animal (NAICS 112)|date=22 February 2013}}</ref> ya kunshi kara amfani da taki na takin gargajiya da taki na musamman don amfanin gona, amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona masu juriya da kuma amfanin gona masu nuna da wuri. Taki na gargajiya, musamman takin dabbobi, ana tunanin yana rike da ruwa kuma yana da kwayoyin cuta (microbes) masu mahimmanci wadanda ke fasa abubuwan gina jiki don samar da su ga tsirrai, idan aka kwatanta da takin zamani wanda ke da sinadarai wadanda lokacin da aka sake su ga muhalli saboda yawan amfani da su ke fitar da iskar gas mai dumama yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biological Manipulation of Manure: Getting What You Want from Animal Manure|url=https://extension.psu.edu/biological-manipulation-of-manure-getting-what-you-want-from-animal-manure|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Penn State Extension|language=en}}</ref> babban rauni daya na fannin aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka shi ne dogaro da aikin noma na ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Hengsdijk |first1=H. |last2=Smit |first2=A. a. M. F. R. |last3=Conijn |first3=J. G. |last4=Rutgers |first4=B. |last5=Biemans |first5=H. |title=Agricultural crop potentials and water use in East Africa |date=2014 |publisher=Plant Research International |oclc=880257653 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref> Mafita ta daidaitawa ita ce ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa da ingantaccen tsarin adana ruwa da amfani da shi. Noman ban ruwa na digo (drip irrigation) an gano shi musamman a matsayin wani zabi mai kiyaye ruwa domin yana tura ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen shuka tare da karancin barna. Kasashe kamar Rwanda da Kenya sun ba da fifiko wajen samar da wuraren ban ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ruwa na magudanar juriya daga koramu da koguna na din-din-din a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar fari mai tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Republic of Rwanda|title=NAPA-RWANDA|url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf}}</ref> Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai karfi, yankuna da dama suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon filaye marasa gashi saboda sare bishiyoyi da karancin ciyayi a kasa. Dabarun daidaitawa da aka duba don wannan shi ne inganta kokarin kiyaye kariya ga kasa, ta hanyar dasa bishiyoyi na gida, kare wuraren dake rike da ruwa da kuma gudanar da filayen kiwo ta hanyar rarraba shiyyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Abuya|first1=Robina|last2=Said|first2=Mohammed|last3=Atela|first3=Joanes|last4=Muhwanga|first4=Joseph|last5=Moiko|first5=Stephen|last6=Atieno|first6=Fred|last7=Ndiritu|first7=Simon|year=2019|title=Contexualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Ga fannin kiwon dabbobi, zabukan daidaitawa sun kunshi gudanar da samarwa ta hanyar dorewar gudanar da kasa da makiyaya a cikin tsarin muhalli. Wannan ya kunshi inganta hanyoyin samar da ciyawa da abincin dabbobi misali ta hanyar ban ruwa da amfani da ruwan da aka tace daga kazanta, da kuma mayar da hankali kan zuba jari wajen adana ciyawa don amfani da ita a lokacin rani. Kula da dabbobi ana daukarsa ne a matsayin hanyar rayuwa maimakon aikin tattalin arziki. A duk fadin kasashen Gabashin Afirka musamman a yankunan busassun filaye (ASALs), an bayyana cewa inganta sayar da dabbobi a matsayin kasuwanci wani zabi ne na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Economy Analysis of Kenya's Livestock Sector (Abridged Version)|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Wannan ya kunshi amfani da tsarin tattalin arziki wajen samar da abincin dabbobi, gano asalin dabbobi, inganta bukatar kayayyakin dabbobi kamar nama, madara da fata da kuma hadawa da kasuwanni na musamman don inganta kasuwanci da samar da kudin shiga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya Meat End-Market Trends Study|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104612/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> A fannin albarkatun ruwa, zabukan sun hada da ingantaccen amfani da ruwa ga gidaje, dabbobi da amfani na masana'antu da kuma kare hanyoyin samun ruwa. Kamfen kamar dasa bishiyoyi na gida a wuraren da ke rike da ruwa, sarrafa ayyukan bil'adama kusa da wuraren rike da ruwa musamman aikin noma da matsugunai an gudanar da su don taimakawa wajen kare albarkatun ruwa da kuma samar da damar samun ruwa ga al'ummomi musamman lokacin matsalolin yanayi. '''Kwamoras''' – "NAPA ita ce fadada aiki na Takardar Dabarun Rage Talauci (PRSP), domin ta kunshi a cikin abubuwan da ta sanya a gaba na daidaitawa, aikin noma, kamun kifi, ruwa, gidaje, lafiya, har ma da yawon bude ido, ta hanyar da ba kai tsaye ba, ta hanyar sake gina gangaren kwatami da yaki da zaftarewar kasa, don haka kiyaye duwatsun karkashin teku ta hanyar takaita tabo da ke fitowa daga kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Action Programme of Adaptation to climate change (NAPA)|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/files/8507_com01e.pdf}}</ref>" '''Kenya''' ta kafa Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta shekarar 2016 wadda ta kafa hukuma don kula da ci gaba, gudanarwa, aiwatarwa da kuma tsara hanyoyin inganta juriya ga canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai karancin carbon don ci gaba mai dorewa, ta hanyar Gwamnatocin Kasa da na Sassa (Counties), kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyin farar hula, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki. Kenya ta kuma samar da Tsarin Aikin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCAP 2018–2022 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223062046/http://www.kcckp.go.ke/nccap-ii-2018-2022/ |date=23 December 2019 }}''')''' wanda ke da nufin ci gaba da manufofin ci gaban kasar ta hanyar samar da hanyoyi da matakai don cimma ci gaba mai juriya ga yanayi mai karancin carbon a hanyar da ta ba da fifiko ga daidaitawa. === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Tsakiyar Afirka === '''Angola''' – "Manufar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ita ce gano tare da isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take game da daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, don kara juriya ga Angola ga sauyin yanayi da canjin yanayi don tabbatar da nasarar shirye-shiryen rage talauci, manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa da kuma Manufofin Ci Gaban Karni da Gwamnati ke bi."<ref>{{citation |title=Analysis of Human Rights Language in the Cancun Agreements UNFCCC 16th Session of the Conference of the Parties|doi=10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Kudancin Afirka === An gudanar da tsare-tsare da dama a matakin gida (takamaiman wurare), matakin kasa da na shiyya da nufin karfafa juriya ga canjin yanayi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da: Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Shiyya (RCCP),<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Climate Change Programme, Southern Africa|website=OneWorld|url=https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044011/https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> SASSCAL,<ref>{{cite web|title=SASSCAL – Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management|url=http://www.sasscal.org/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> ASSAR,<ref>{{cite web|title=Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions|url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/|access-date=8 August 2019|website=www.assar.uct.ac.za}}</ref> Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi na UNDP,<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Africa |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa|access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131738/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa |archive-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> RESILIM,<ref>{{cite book|title=Risk, Vulnerability & Resilience in the Limpopo River basin: Climate Change, water and biodiversity – a synthesis|publisher=OneWorld|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Resilience in the Limpopo Basin (RESILIM) Program|publisher=Chemonics International Inc|year=2017}}</ref> FRACTAL.<ref>{{cite web|title=FRACTAL — Future Resilience for African CiTies And Lands|url=http://www.fractal.org.za/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta aiwatar da Babban Shirin Bincike na Hanyoyin Daidaitawa na Dogon Lokaci (LTAS) daga watan Afrilu 2012 zuwa Yuni 2014. Wannan binciken ya kuma samar da takardun gaskiya da rahoton fasaha da ya shafi yankin SADC mai taken "Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for the Southern African Development Community (SADC)".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|title=Climate change adaptation: Southern African Development Community (SADC)|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013002/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Madagascar''' – fannonin da aka ba wa fifiko don daidaitawa sune: aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, gandun daji, lafiyar jama'a, albarkatun ruwa da yankunan gabar teku.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar|url=http://www.ldc-climate.org/country/madagascar/|website=LDC Climate Change |date=6 January 2018 }}</ref> '''Malawi''' – NAPA ta gano abubuwa masu zuwa a matsayin ayyuka mafi fifiko don daidaitawa: "Inganta juriyar al'umma ga canjin yanayi ta hanyar samar da dorewar hanyoyin rayuwa a karkara, Maido da gandun daji a Upper da Lower Shire Valleys don rage daskarewar kasa da matsalolin kwararar ruwa da ke tattare da hakan, Inganta ayyukan gona a karkashin ruwan sama mara tabbas da sauye-sauyen yanayi, Inganta shirin Malawi don fuskantar fari da ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma Inganta sanya idanu kan yanayi don bunkasa karfin gargadin dauri na Malawi da yanke shawara da kuma dorewar amfani da albarkatun Tafkin Malawi da yankunan gabar tafkin<ref>{{Cite web|title=REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. MALAWI'S NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION (NAPA) ..|url=http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mwi01.pdf}}</ref>". Kuma a cewar Rahoton Yanayi da Ci Gaban Kasa (CCDR) na Bankin Duniya na Malawi, kasar za ta iya "daukar matakai don kaddamar da zuba jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa masu juriya ga yanayi da kuma dakatar da lalacewar kasa da asarar gandun daji don inganta yawan aikin gona da kama carbon" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Climate-Informed Economic Development Key to Malawi's Future Growth and Resilience |website=World Bank |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/27/climate-informed-economic-development-key-to-malawi-s-future-growth-and-resilience}}</ref>" '''Mauritius''' – yakamata daidaitawa ta mayar da hankali kan fannoni masu fifiko kamar haka: albarkatun gabar teku, aikin noma, albarkatun ruwa, kamun kifi, lafiya da jin dadin rayuwa, canjin amfanin kasa da gandun daji da kuma rayuwun halittu daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritius |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|date=27 November 2018 |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/mauritius|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Mozambique''' – "Tsare-tsaren daidaitawa da aka gabatar sun shafi fannoni daban-daban na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan da suka shafi rage tasirin bala'o'i, samar da matakan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, yaki da zaftarewar kasa a yankunan da ke da matsananciyar kwararar hamada da yankunan gabar teku, dasa bishiyoyi da kuma gudanar da albarkatun ruwa."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) |website=Climate and Development Learning Platform|url=https://www.climatelearningplatform.org/mozambique-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>" '''Rwanda''' ta samar da Shirin Aiki na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPA 2006) wanda ke dauke da bayanai don jagorantar masu tsara manufofi na kasa da masu tsara shirye-shirye a kan matsaloli masu fifiko da daidaitawa a fannonin tattalin arziki masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=January 2012|journal=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207011141/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasar ta kuma samar da manufofi na sassa daban-daban kan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi kamar Vision 2020, Manufar Muhalli ta Kasa da Manufar Aikin Noma da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ochieng|first1=Cosmas|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda's Agricultural Sector: A Case Study from Kirehe District, Eastern Province|last2=Khaemba|first2=Winnie|last3=Mwaniki|first3=Ruchathi|last4=Kimotho|first4=Stephen|date=September 2017|publisher=Defending the Voiceless - Climate and Environmental Justice in Africa}}</ref> '''Tanzania''' – Tanzania ta bayyana matakan daidaitawa masu fifiko a cikin NAPA dakarunta, da dabarun sassa na kasa daban-daban da kuma sakamakon bincike.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|journal=USAID|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2021-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231235521/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> NAPA ta yi nasarar karfafa sanya batun canjin yanayi a cikin manufofin sassa a Tanzania; sai dai kuma, hadin gwiwar sassa daban-daban da ke da muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da dabarun daidaitawa ya kasance mai iyaka saboda kalubalen hukumomi kamar rashin daidaiton iko, karancin kasafi da kuma tsarin tsuke fuska na sassa.<ref name="date" /> Mafi yawancin ayyukan a Tanzania sun shafi aikin noma da gudanar da albarkatun ruwa (ban ruwa, kiyaye ruwa, taran ruwan sama); sai dai kuma, makamashi da yawon bude ido su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Republic of Tanzania |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url= https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Zambia''' – "NAPA ta gano bukatun gaggawa na daidaitawa guda 39 da kuma fannoni guda 10 masu fifiko a cikin sassan aikin noma da samar da abinci (kiwon dabbobi, kamun kifi da amfanin gona), makamashi da ruwa, lafiyar bil'adama, albarkatun kasa da namun daji."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (Zambia) |website=The REDD Desk|url=http://www.theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia|access-date=2019-08-08 |archive-date=2019-08-29|url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829030222/http://theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia}}</ref> '''Zimbabwe''' – "Sauran matakan dabarun da tsarin NAP zai dauka sune: Karfafa rawar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke takawa wajen tsara daidaitawa, Habaka karfin Gwamnati na samar da ayyukan da bankuna za su iya ba da kudi ta hanyar horarwa, Inganta gudanar da bayanan baya na yanayi don sanar da tsara canjin yanayi, Tsara dabarun tattara albarkatu na gaba don gano asali da neman kudaden tallafin yanayi na kasa da kasa tunda bukatar kudi a halin yanzu ta kasance mafi yawanci bayan abu ya faru, tare da mayar da hankali kan agajin gaggawa maimakon rage hadarin canjin yanayi, shiri da daidaitawa, Samar da daidaitaccen tsarin sa ido da manufofin kimantawa ga shirye-shirye da ayyuka, tunda hukumomi da dama a cikin gwamnati ba su da tsari na bai-daya na sa ido da kimantawa a halin yanzu."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Roadmap for Zimbabwe|url=http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/napgn-en-2019-nap-roadmap-for-zimbabwe.pdf |website=NAP Global Network |date=April 2019}}</ref> '''Lesotho''' – "Babban burin tsarin NAPA sun kunshi: gano al'ummomi da hanyoyin rayuwa da suka fi fuskantar barazana ga canjin yanayi, samar da jerin ayyukan da za su samar da tushen shirin aiki na kasa na karba-da-daidaitawa, da kuma isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take da kuma abubuwan da suka sa gaba domin gina karfin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|title=Lesotho's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change|accessdate=4 August 2024|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006210644/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>" '''Namibia''' – muhimman batutuwa na daidaitawa sune "Samar da abinci da dorewar tushen albarkatun halittu, Dorewar tushen albarkatun ruwa, Lafiyar bil'adama da jin dadin rayuwa gami da bunkasa ababen more rayuwa."<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011 |title=Youth Files Climate Case with India's Environmental Court |oclc=1312587857 |date=2017 |publisher=Our Children's Trust }}</ref> '''Afirka ta Kudu''' ta amince a watan Agusta 2020 da Dabarunta na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi, wanda "ke aiki a matasayin tattaunawa ta bai-daya don kokarin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma yana samar da tsari inda za a iya bayyana manufofin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasa don samar da jagoranci ga dukkan sassan tattalin arziki."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved |url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/mediarelease/nationalclimatechange_adaptationstrategy_ue10november19 |website=Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries}}</ref>" == Ilimin gargajiya da sabbin dabarun cikin gida == Yayin da manyan shirye-shiryen gwamnati da asusun kasa da kasa ke tafiyar da manyan manufofin sauyin yanayi, al'ummomin yau da kullum a fadin Afirka sun dogara kacokan ga ilimin yanayin kasa na gargajiya (TEK) domin tsira<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref>. Wannan wani sashi ne na fahimta, fasaha, da falsafar da al'ummomin gida suka bunkasa danyen daruruwan shekaru ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye da dabi'a. Wadannan ayyuka da aka gwada cikin lokaci suna ba mutane hanyoyi masu amfani na cikin gida don hango yanayi, adana ruwa, da kuma kiyaye aikin gona da rai duk da sauyin yanayi. === Hasashen yanayi na gargajiya === Tun kafin zuwan wayoyin salula da manhajojin yanayi na zamani, al'ummomin manoma da makiyaya na karkara sun yi amfani da nasu hanyoyin na hango yanayi. Masana na cikin gida suna lura da alamun dabi'a da kyau don hango fari ko mamakon ruwan sama, kamar: * Hanyoyin hijira na ba-zata na tsuntsayen gida. * Takamaiman lokaci na shekara da wasu bishiyoyi ke fara fure. * Sauye-sauyen jagorancin iska da bayyanar taurari da daddare. Alal misali, kungiyoyin makiyaya a Gabashin Afirka suna kallon yadda dabbobinsu ke nuna hali sannan suna bin diddigin zirga-zirgar namun daji don yanke shawarar hanyoyin da za su bi, domin tabbatar da cewa dabbobinsu sun sami ruwa da ciyawa a lokacin fari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alemayehu |first1=Dejene |last2=Hizkeal |first2=Yitebarek |date=2022-06-30 |title=The Relevance and Practices of Indigenous Weather Forecasting Knowledge among the Gabra Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia |url=https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/12295 |journal=Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=59–76 |doi=10.36253/jaeid-12295 |issn=2240-2802}}</ref> A yau, masana kimiyya suna fahimtar cewa hada wadannan alamun gargajiya da kimiyyar yanayi na zamani yana haifar da gargaɗin da manoman gida ke amincewa da shi kuma suke amfani da shi. === Dabarun adana kasa da ruwa === A yankunan da ke fuskantar fadada kwararar hamada da ruwan sama maras tabbas, al'ummomi sun dawo da dabarun sarrafa filaye na da can masu dabarun gaske.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Salack |first1=Seyni |last2=Sanfo |first2=Safiétou |last3=Sidibe |first3=Moussa |last4=Daku |first4=Elidaa K. |last5=Camara |first5=Ibrahima |last6=Dieng |first6=Mame Diarra Bousso |last7=Hien |first7=Koufanou |last8=Torou |first8=Bio Mohamadou |last9=Ogunjobi |first9=Kehinde O. |last10=Sangare |first10=Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B. |last11=Kouame |first11=Konan Raoul |last12=Koffi |first12=Yao Bernard |last13=Liersch |first13=Stefan |last14=Savadogo |first14=Moumini |last15=Giannini |first15=Alessandra |date=2022-10-25 |title=Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=17898 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9596419 |pmid=36284114 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1217898S }}</ref> A yankin Sahel, musamman a Burkina Faso da Nijar, manoma suna amfani da tsohuwar dabarar hakar kasa da ake kira '''Zaï'''<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=L. Woomer |first1=Paul |title=Blending Climate Action and Rural Development in Africa's Sahel |date=2023-03-29 |work=Sustainable Rural Development Perspective and Global Challenges |editor-last=Özçatalbaş |editor-first=Orhan |url=https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81496 |access-date=2026-06-06 |publisher=IntechOpen |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.103817 |isbn=978-1-80355-420-4 |last2=Roobroeck |first2=Dries |last3=Yelognisse Alia |first3=Didier}}</ref> Maimakon yin huda a fili madaidanci, manoma suna gina ramuka masu zurfi a cikin kasa mai tauraro sannan su cika kasan da abubuwan gina jiki na dabi'a kamar takin gargajiya (takin dabba). Wannan tsari mai dabarun gaske yana yin abubuwa guda biyu: yana kama kowane digo na ruwan sama da ba a cika samunsa ba, sannan takin yana janyo gara, wadanda ke hakar rami a karkashin kasa da ke sanyaya kasar da ke da tauraro ta dabi'a domin saiwar shuka ta iya girma.<ref name=":2" /> Manoma kuma suna gina ganyayen duwatsu wadangan katanga ne na duwatsu marasa tsawo da ake jerawa a kan magudanar ruwa na dabi'a na tuddansu. Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama na ba-zata kuma mai karfi, wadannan layukan duwatsu suna rage gudu ga ruwan da ke gudu da karfi, suna hana shi wanke saman kasa mai kyau da ke dauke da abinci sannan suna ba ruwan lokacin da zai taba cikin kasa.<ref name=":1" /> A kudanci da gabashin Afirka, al'ummomi suna amfani da dabarun aikin gona na dabi'a tare da bishiyoyi ta hanyar ajiye takamaiman bishiyoyi, kamar Faidherbia albida, daidai a cikin gonakin amfanin gona. Wadannan bishiyoyi suna zubar da ganye a lokacin damina sannan su fito da su a lokacin rani, ma'ana ba sa toshe hasken rana daga samun amfanin gona; maimakon haka, suna kara abinci ga kasa ta dabi'a kuma suna rage yanayin zafi na kasa lokacin tsananin zafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haskett |first1=Jonathan D. |last2=Simane |first2=Belay |last3=Smith |first3=Caitlin |date=2019-11-01 |title=Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Benefits of Faidherbia albida Agroforestry in Ethiopia |journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science |volume=7 |article-number=146 |doi=10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019FrEnS...7..146H |issn=2296-665X}}</ref> === Banbancen amfanin gona da adana iri === Domin tabbatar da cewa ba su rasa dukkan abincinsu ba a lokacin dogon fari, manoman gida suna aiki kamar nasu masana kimiyya ta hanyar adana irin amfanin gona na gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aniah |first1=Philip |last2=Kaunza-Nu-Dem |first2=Millar Katherine |last3=Ayembilla |first3=Joseph A. |date=April 2019 |title=Smallholder farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate variability and ecological changes in the savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |language=en |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=e01492 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492 |doi-access=free |pmc=6479268 |pmid=31049426 |bibcode=2019Heliy...501492A }}</ref> Irin amfanin gona na kasuwanci na zamani galibi suna buƙatar cikakken adadin ruwa da takin zamani masu tsada don su tsira. Sabanin haka, amfanin gona na gargajiya kamar geryo, dawa, da rari sun saba danyen daruruwan shekaru don jure fari da kwari ta dabi'a. Al'ummomi suna gudanar da bankunan adana iri na cikin gida don raba wadannan ire-iren amfanin gona masu juriya da juna ta yadda kowa zai kasance yana da amfanin gona da ya dace da sauyin yanayin gidansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> Suna kuma yin aikin hada shuka (intercropping), wato nufin dasa amfanin gona daban-daban daidai kusa da juna, kamar masara da wake.<ref name=":1" /> Waken mai ganye yana sanyaya kasar don kiyaye damshinta, yana tabbatar da cewa ko da masarar ta mutu saboda zafi, iyalai har yanzu suna da madadin amfanin gona da zasu girbe. == Al'umma da al'ada == === Rashin daidaito a binciken sauyin yanayi === Duk da cewa Afirka na daya daga cikin nahiyoyin da sauyin yanayi zai fi shafa, rashin daidaito na tsari da sauran son kai da ke da alaka da binciken kimiyya da tallafi na nufin cewa kadan ne kawai daga cikin kimiyyar da aka wallafa game da sauyin yanayi da tallafin binciken sauyin yanayi ke zuwa ga masana kimiyyar Afirka.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2021|title=Analysis: The lack of diversity in climate-science research|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Carbon Brief|language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan kudaden bincike daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2020 na sauyin yanayi, ya gano cewa kashi 78% na kudaden bincike kan sauyin yanayi a Afirka an kashe su ne a cibiyoyin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, kuma an kashe kudade da dama ga tsoffin kasashen da Burtaniya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka fiye da sauran kasashe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Overland |first1=Indra |last2=Fossum Sagbakken |first2=Haakon |last3=Isataeva |first3=Aidai |last4=Kolodzinskaia |first4=Galina |last5=Simpson |first5=Nicholas Philip |last6=Trisos |first6=Christopher |last7=Vakulchuk |first7=Roman |title=Funding flows for climate change research on Africa: where do they come from and where do they go? |journal=Climate and Development |date=14 September 2022 |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=705–724 |doi=10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609 |s2cid=244210557 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CliDe..14..705O |hdl=11250/2832233 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Wannan tsari na parachute science (binciken saukar lafima), a daya bangaren yana hana masu bincike na cikin gida gudanar da ayyuka masu muhimmanci saboda ba su da tallafin kudi na gudanar da bincike na gwaje-gwaje, sannan yana rage zuba jari ga dabarun masu bincike na cikin gida da kuma batutuwa masu muhimmanci ga kasashen Kudancin Duniya (Global South), kamar dabarun juriya da sauyin yanayi.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021" /> Kimanin dorewar ci gaba na gaskiya yana da wahala saboda rashin tsarin zuba jari mai dorewa, da kuma karancin bayanai da iyakancewar damar gudanarwa. A halin yanzu, kasa da rabin manyan asusun fansho na Afirka ne ke bayar da rahoton bayanai kan manufofin dorewa da yadda ake aiwatar da su.<ref>{{cite book |author1=European Investment Bank |title=Unlocking Sustainable Private Sector Growth in the Middle East and North Africa |date=2022 |isbn=978-92-861-5220-7 |hdl=20.500.12657/57821 |doi=10.1596/37601 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |s2cid=250211092 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref><ref name="EIB-2023"/> Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kasuwanci da Ci gaba - Ma'aikatan Kasa da Kasa na Kididdiga da Rahoto (UNCTAD-ISAR) ta kafa Kungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Yankin Afirka don Dorewa da Rahoton SDG a shekarar 2022. Hadin gwiwar yana da mambobi 53 ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2023, ciki har da cibiyoyin sadarwa na kasa na nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan kamfanoni ga al'umma da/ko ma'aikatun gwamnati daga kasashen Afirka 27.<ref name="EIB-2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=African Regional Partnership meeting on sustainability and SDG reporting |website=UN Trade and Development |url=https://unctad.org/isar/meeting/african-regional-partnership-meeting-sustainability-and-sdg-reporting |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNCTAD ANNUAL REPORT 2022 |url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/osg2023d1_en.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Mahaɗu == {{Commons category|Climate change in Africa}} * [https://futureclimateafrica.org/ Future Climate For Africa programme] * [https://www.uneca.org/acpc African Climate Policy Centre] (ACCP) goal is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiations. * [https://www.amma2050.org/ African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis 2050] (AMMA-2050) aim to address the challenges of understanding how the monsoon will change in future decades, to 2050, and how this information can be most effectively used to support climate-compatible development in the region. * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161113010948/http://cariaa.net/home-0 Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia]}} (CARIAA) builds resilience by supporting collaborative research on climate change adaptation to inform adaptation policy and practice. * [https://wascal.org/ West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use] (WASCAL) is a research-focused Climate Service Centre designed to help tackle this challenge and thereby enhance the resilience of human and environmental systems to climate change and increased variability in West Africa. rq1a63qqpqj3t17tzhxsljkag59yvwi 891614 891611 2026-08-05T08:06:47Z Baffa ali 47435 891614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna [[Yanayin yanayin duniya|canjin zafin jiki]] a Afirka tsakanin 1901 da 2021, tare da ja yana da dumi kuma shuɗi yana da sanyi fiye da matsakaici (An ɗauki matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin 1971-2000 a matsayin ma'anar waɗannan canje-canje.) ]] '''Canjin yanayi a Afirka''' babbar barazana ce saboda Afirka tana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna [[Lalacewar canjin yanayi|mai rauni]] ga [[tasirin canjin yanayi]], duk da cewa ba da gudummawa mafi ƙanƙanta ga haifar da shi. Canjin yanayi yana haifar da yanayin ruwan sama mara kyau, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi masu tsanani ciki har da [[fari]], [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], da hauhawar yanayin zafi a Afirka. Wadannan canje-canje suna barazana ga tsaro na [[Tsaron abinci|abinci]] da ruwa, bambancin halittu, [[lafiyar jama'a]], da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |first=UNEP |date=2017 |title=Responding to climate change |url=http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> Afirka a halin yanzu tana dumama da sauri fiye da sauran duniya a matsakaici.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Meterological Organization |date=2024-09-02 |title=Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=World Meteorological Organization |language=en}}</refSaunyi yanayi yana ƙara taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki a yanzu. Manyan sassan al'ummar Afirka sun dogara ne da rayuwar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar noma (kashi 55 - 62% na ma'aikata a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara) kuma sun riga sun rayu cikin talauci, wanda hakan ke ƙara tsananta musu ga girgizar ƙasa. Sakamakon lafiya ya ƙara ta'azzara yayin da damuwa ta zafi, cututtuka masu yaɗuwa (kamar malaria da dengue ), da rashin abinci mai gina jiki suka zama ruwan dare. Fiye da rabi (56%) na sama da abubuwan da suka faru na kiwon lafiyar jama'a 2,000 da aka yi rikodin su a Afirka tsakanin 2001 da 2021 suna da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi. Karancin albarkatu yana taimakawa wajen ƙaura da rikici, musamman a yankuna masu rauni. Yankunan birane, waɗanda galibi ake siffanta su da matsugunan da ba na yau da kullun ba, suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari daga ambaliya da zafi mai tsanani. [[Noma|Aikin noma]] yana daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka fi rauni, kamar yadda yawancin manoman Afirka suka dogara da amfanin gona mai Ruwan sama. Ragewa da ruwan sama mara tabbas, haɗe da yanayin zafi mafi girma, yana fitar da asarar danshi na ƙasa, [[Desertification in Africa|hamada]] (musamman a cikin [[Sahara]]) da kuma canza wuraren da suka dace. Wadannan canje-canje sun rage yawan amfanin gona, suna lalata tsaron abinci da kuma kara yunwa. Lafiyar Dabbobi tana ƙara lalacewa ta hanyar damuwa ta zafi da sauya yanayin cututtukan. Tsarin halittu na bakin teku da na ruwa suna fuskantar teku mai zafi da kuma matakan da ke tashi, wanda ke barazana ga kamun kifi da kuma yawan jama'a a bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fonjong |first=Lotsmart |last2=Matose |first2=Frank |last3=Sonnenfeld |first3=David A. |date=2024-12-01 |title=Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=89 |bibcode=2024GEC....8902912F |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912 |issn=0959-3780}}</ref> Sakamakon tattalin arziki na canjin yanayi yana da tsanani. A matsakaita ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar asarar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi wanda ya kai 2 zuwa 5% na GDP a kowace shekara, yayin da farashin [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa]] a [[yankin Saharar Afirka]] ana hasashen a dala biliyan 30-50 a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Wannan yana barazanar samun ci gaba kuma yana matsa lamba ga gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin kasa da kasa don tattara kudaden yanayi. Shirye-shiryen daidaita yanayin yanayi na Afirka suna mai da hankali kan gina juriya ta hanyar [[Yanayin gona mai kyau|Aikin noma mai basira]], [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da ruwa]] mai ɗorewa, kiyaye yanayin halittu, da ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya da ababen more rayuwa. Wadannan hanyoyin suna ba da fifiko ga inganta shugabanci, tattara kudade da saka hannun jari na yanayi, da kuma inganta shiga cikin al'umma don magance matsalar gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tadesse |first=Debay |date=1 December 2010 |title=The impact of climate change in Africa |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badji |first=Arfang |last2=Ibanda |first2=Angele |last3=Akello |first3=Sarah |last4=Ekwamu |first4=Adipala |date=2022 |title=Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies |url=https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 |journal=African Journal of Rural Development |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=209–274 |issn=2415-2838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ngongolo |first=Kelvin |last2=Gayo |first2=Leopody |date=2025-05-21 |title=Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review |journal=Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice |language=English |volume=15 |bibcode=2025PRPP...1514225N |doi=10.3389/past.2025.14225 |issn=2041-7136 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin nahiyoyi da na kasa suna jaddada hadin gwiwar bangarori da yawa, tallafin fasaha, da haɓaka iyawa don tallafawa ci gaba mai ɗorewa da rage [[Hadarin sauyin|Hadarin yanayi]]. == Rashin iskar gas == Rashin iskar gas mai guba a Afirka ga kowane mutum yana da ƙarancin gaske idan aka kwatanta da sauran nahiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact sheet - Africa |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> Rashin fitarwa daga [[Amfani da Ƙasa|canjin amfani da ƙasa]] ba shi da tabbas, musamman a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mostefaoui |first=Mounia |last2=Ciais |first2=Philippe |last3=McGrath |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Peylin |first4=Philippe |last5=Patra |first5=Prabir K. |last6=Ernst |first6=Yolandi |date=2024-01-11 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=245–275 |bibcode=2024ESSD...16..245M |doi=10.5194/essd-16-245-2024 |issn=1866-3516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Babban tushen rashin tabbas ya fito ne daga kwararar carbon dioxide a cikin sashin LULUCF (wannan acronym yana tsaye ne don amfani da ƙasa, canjin amfani da ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Tasiri == === Sauye-sauyen yanayi da zafin sarari === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | total_width = 300 | image1 = Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg | caption1 = Taswirar rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen ga Afirka daga 1991–2020 | image2 = Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg | caption2 = Taswirar 2071–2100 a ƙarƙashin mafi tsananin yanayin sauyin yanayi (Representative Concentration Pathway). A halin yanzu ana ɗaukar yanayi mai matsakaicin tsanani a matsayin wanda ya fi yuwuwa.<ref name="HausfatherPeters2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hausfather|first1=Zeke|last2=Peters|first2=Glen|title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading|journal=Nature|date=29 January 2020|volume=577|issue=7792|pages=618–20|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|pmid=31996825|bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A.G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first19=Christina |last120=Strauss |first20=Jens |last21=Treat |first21=Claire |last22=Turetsky |first22=Merritt |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S }}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=Cosmos |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C. |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} Yanayin zafin saman kasa da aka auna ya ƙaru gabaɗaya a faɗin Afirka tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 21 da kusan 1 °C, amma a wasu yankuna na cikin gida kamar yankin Sahel ya kai har 3 °C ga mafi ƙarancin zafi a ƙarshen lokacin rani.<ref name="IRD-2017">{{Cite book |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |date=2017 |publisher=IRD éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |location=Marseille |oclc=1034784045 |id=Impr. Jouve}}</ref> Ɗumamar Afirka ta ƙaru da +0.3 C daga 1991 zuwa 2021 idan aka kwatanta da +0.2 tsakanin 1961 zuwa 1910. An yi ƙiyasin cewa nan da shekara ta 2030, mutanen Afirka za su fuskanci hauhawar matakin teku sakamakon ƙaruwar zafin yanayi. Wannan kuma zai haifar da raguwar amfanin gona da albarkatun gona<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>. Yanayin ruwan sama da aka auna yana nuna bambance-bambance ta fannin guri da lokaci kamar yadda aka saba tsammani.<ref name="Collins-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Jennifer M. |date=15 July 2011 |title=Temperature Variability over Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=24 |issue=14 |pages=3649–3666 |bibcode=2011JCli...24.3649C |doi=10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Niang-2014">Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf</ref> Canje-canjen da aka gani a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama sun bambanta bisa ga yankuna.<ref name="Conway-2009">{{cite journal |last1=Conway |first1=Declan |last2=Persechino |first2=Aurelie |last3=Ardoin-Bardin |first3=Sandra |last4=Hamandawana |first4=Hamisai |last5=Dieulin |first5=Claudine |last6=Mahé |first6=Gil |date=February 2009 |title=Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century |journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41–59 |bibcode=2009JHyMe..10...41C |doi=10.1175/2008JHM1004.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Collins-2011" /> Tsarin yanayi na yanzu (kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Shida na IPCC) yana hasashen ƙaruwar aukuwa da tsananin fari da kuma kwararar ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=Andrew |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |last3=Koehler |first3=Johanna |last4=Hope |first4=Rob |date=2022 |title=Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa |journal=Global Environmental Change |language=en |volume=76 |article-number=102592 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022GEC....7602592A }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref> Suna kuma hasashen raguwar matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan a ko'ina a Afirka, tare da tabbas mai matsakaici zuwa babba. Duk da haka, yanayin ruwan sama na cikin gida da mu'amalar zamantakewa da yanayi na iya bayyana a matsayin gauraye-gauraye. Saboda haka, haɗuwar tasirin sauyin yanayi zai bambanta a faɗin nahiyar. A yankunan karkara, yanayin ruwan sama yana yin tasiri ga amfani da ruwa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022" /> Wani bincike a shekarar 2019 ya hango ƙaruwar tsawon kwanaki marasa ruwa a lokacin damina da kuma ƙaruwar matsanancin ruwan sama a Afirka.<ref name="Kendon-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Kendon |first1=Elizabeth J. |last2=Stratton |first2=Rachel A. |last3=Tucker |first3=Simon |last4=Marsham |first4=John H. |last5=Berthou |first5=Ségolène |last6=Rowell |first6=David P. |last7=Senior |first7=Catherine A. |date=2019 |title=Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1794K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9 |pmc=6478940 |pmid=31015416 |article-number=1794}}</ref> Ma'ana a takaice: "bangarori biyu na matsanancin yanayi na Afirka za su daɗa tsananta".<ref name="Weather Channel-2022">{{Cite news |title=More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says |url=https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood |access-date=2022-07-01 |work=The Weather Channel |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken ya gano cewa yawancin tsarin yanayi ba za su iya hango girman waɗannan canje-canjen ba saboda ba su da damar ba da damar iska mai dumi ta tashi (convection) a ma'aunansu na grid masu faɗi.<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> === Hauhawar matakin teku === {{See also|Ambaliyar ruwa a Afirka}} [[File:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Hoton babban birnin Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, ta sama]] A Afirka, haɓakar yawan jama'a a nan gaba yana ƙara haɗarin da ke tattare da hauhawar matakin teku. Kusan mutane miliyan 54.2 ne ke zaune a yankunan da ke da haɗari sosai na gaɓar teku masu ƙasankancin tudu (LECZ) a kusan shekarar 2000. Wannan adadin zai ninka kusan mutane miliyan 110 nan da shekarar 2030. Nan da shekarar 2060 kuma zai kai kusan mutane miliyan 185 zuwa 230, ya danganta da girman haɓakar yawan jama'a. Matsakaicin hauhawar matakin teku na yankin zai kasance kusan santimita 21 nan da shekarar 2060. A wannan gaba, yanayin sauyin yanayi ba zai kawo babban bambanci ba. Amma yanayin kasa na cikin gida da yanayin yawan jama'a suna yin mu'amala don ƙara fuskantar haɗari kamar ambaliyar ruwa ta shekaru 100 a cikin wata rikitacciyar hanya.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> [[File:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, cibiyar tattalin arzikin ƙasar Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Yawan jama'a a cikin filayen ambaliyar ruwa na shekaru 100.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /><ref group="T1">A cikin miliyoyin mutane. Shafi na biyu da na uku sun haɗa da duka tasirin haɓakar yawan jama'a da haɓakar girman filayen ambaliyar ruwa a wannan gaba.</ref> !|Ƙasa !|2000 !|2030 !|2060 !|Haɓakawa 2000–2060<ref group="T1">Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a a yankin da kuma mafi girman yanayin haɓakar yawan jama'a da za a iya samu.</ref> |- |Misra || 7.4 || 13.8 || 20.7 || 0.28 |- |Najeriya || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.9 || 0.84 |- |Sanigal || 0.4 || 1.1 || 2.7 || 0.76 |- |Benin || 0.1 || 0.6 || 1.6 || 1.12 |- |Tanzania || 0.2 || 0.9 || 4.3 || 2.3 |- |Somaliya || 0.2 || 0.6 || 2.7 || 1.7 |- |Kuwayt Diwar (Ivory Coast) || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.7 || 0.65 |- |Mozambik || 0.7 || 1.4 || 2.5 || 0.36 |} {{reflist|group=T1}} [[File:ANKOMAH 20221122-009.jpg|thumb|Wani mutum yana kallon tekun daga wani gini da igiyoyin ruwa masu ƙarfi suka lalata a Chorkor, wani yanki na birnin Accra. Ambaliyar ruwa a ranakun sarari da ke faruwa saboda hauhawar matakin teku tana ƙara zaizayar gaɓar teku wanda ke lalata gidaje, ababen more rayuwa, da tsarin muhalli na halitta. Wasu al'ummomi a gaɓar tekun Ghana riga sun fara fuskantar sauye-sauyen igiyoyin ruwa.]] A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, an yi hasashen cewa mafi girman ƙaura zai faru ne a yankin Gabashin Afirka. Aƙalla mutane 750,000 a can ne ka iya ƙaura daga gaɓar teku tsakanin 2020 da 2050. Binciken kimiyya ya kiyasta cewa manyan biranen Afirka guda 12 za su tafka asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 65 a ƙarƙashin yanayin "matsakaicin" sauyin yanayi (RCP4.5) nan da shekarar 2050. Waɗannan biranen su ne Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, [[Lomé]], Luanda da Maputo. A ƙarƙashin yanayin fitar da hayaki mai yawa (RCP8.5), lalacewar za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 86.5. Shi kuma tsarin mafi tsanani na fitar da hayaki tare da ƙarin tasiri daga rashin daidaiton babban ƙanƙarar teku zai iya haifar da asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 137.5. Lalacewar daga waɗannan yanayi guda uku idan aka ƙara haɗawa da "al'amura masu ƙarancin yuwuwa amma masu babban lahani" za ta haura zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 187, dalar Amurka biliyan 206, da dalar Amurka biliyan 397 biye da juna.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> A cikin waɗannan ƙiyasin, birnin Alexandria na ƙasar Misra kaɗai ya ƙunshi kusan rabin wannan adadi.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> Daruruwan dubatan mutane a yankunansa na ƙasankantar tudu ka iya buƙatar a canza musu guri a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.<ref name="Michaelson-2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline|title=Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline| last=Michaelson| first=Ruth|date=25 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> A duk faɗin yankin kudu da sahara baki ɗaya, lalacewa daga hauhawar matakin teku na iya kaiwa kashi 2–4% na GDP nan da shekarar 2050. Sai dai wannan adadi ya danganta da girman haɓakar tattalin arziki da kuma juriya ko daidaitawa (adaptation) a nan gaba.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[File:Leptis Magna amphitheatre - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Sauran ragowar ginin wasan kwaikwayo na Leptis Magna (amphitheater), tare da bayyanar teku a bango]] A cikin dogon lokaci, ƙasashen Misra, Mozambik, da Tanzania ne ka iya samun mafi yawan mutanen da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara-shekara za ta shafa a tsakanin daukacin ƙasashen Afirka. Wannan hasashe yana nuna cewa ɗumamar yanayi na duniya zai kai 4 °C a ƙarshen ƙarni. Wannan hauhawar tana da alaƙa da yanayin RCP8.5. A ƙarƙashin tsarin RCP8.5, muhimman wuraren tarihi na al'ada guda 10 za su kasance cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da zaizayar ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarni. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Casbah ta Algiers, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Carthage, Kerkouane, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Leptis Magna, Tsohon Birnin Sousse (Medina of Sousse), Tsohon Birnin Tunis (Medina of Tunis), Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Sabratha, Tsibirin Robben, Tsibirin Saint-Louis da Tipasa. Jimillar wuraren Ramsar guda 15 da sauran wuraren gadon halitta su ma za su fuskanci makamancin wannan haɗari. Waɗannan wuraren su ne Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve, Delta du Saloum National Park, Diawling National Park, Golfe de Boughrara, Kalissaye, Lagune de Ghar el Melh et Delta de la Mejerda, Marromeu Game Reserve, Parc Naturel des Mangroves du Fleuve Cacheu, Seal Ledges Provincial Nature Reserve, Sebkhet Halk Elmanzel et Oued Essed, Sebkhet Soliman, Réserve Naturelle d'Intérêt Communautaire de la Somone, Songor Biosphere Reserve, Tanbi Wetland Complex da Watamu Marine National Park.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> == Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki == [[File:Access_to_wood_and_water_appears_to_be_severely_impacted_by_climate_change_in_Kenya_and_Cameroon.png|thumb|Sakamakon bincike na shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa samun katako da ruwa ya fuskanci gagarumin tasiri sanadiyyar canjin yanayi a ƙasashen Kenya da Kamaru.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-africa-and-middle-east |title=The EIB Climate Survey: Africa and the Middle East |date=2023-06-05 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5534-5 |language=EN}}</ref>]] Canjin yanayi zai ci gaba da yin tasiri sosai a Afirka saboda abubuwa da dama. Ana riga ana jin waɗannan tasirin kuma za su daɗa tsananta idan ba a ɗauki matakin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli (carbon emissions) a duniya ba. Waɗannan tasirin sun haɗa da hauhawar zafin jiki, fari, sauye-sauyen yanayin ruwan sama, da ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi na farat ɗaya. Waɗannan yanayi suna da tasiri ga samar da makamashi da yadda ake amfani da shi. Farin da aka yi kwanan nan a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka, wanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, ya yi mummunan tasiri ga samar da ingantaccen makamashi da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Afirka za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi fuskantar mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0r">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf|title=Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.|year=2014}}</ref> Dalilan da suka sa Afirka ta kasance cikin haɗari suna da yawa, kuma sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfin jurewa ko daidaita rayuwa (adaptive capacity), rashin watsuwar fasahohi da bayanai da za su tallafa wa daidaitawar, da kuma dogaro mai yawa ga tsarin noman daji don hanyoyin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Welborn|first=Lily|title=Africa and climate change: Projecting vulnerability and adaptive capacity|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|year=2018}}</ref> Kasashe da dama a faɗin Afirka an rarraba su a matsayin Ƙasashen da Ba su Cigaba ba Kwata-kwata (Least-Developed Countries - LDCs) waɗanda ke da gurbataccen yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kuma hakan yana nufin suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman wajen tunkarar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=UNDP/GEF|url=https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCA-Africa-Final.pdf|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Africa UNDP: Synthesis of Experiences and Recommendations|publisher=UNDP/GEF|year=2018}}</ref> Babban haɗarin da aka gano ga Afirka a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na Kwamitin Haɗin Gwiwa kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ya shafi tsarin halittu (ecosystems), wadatar ruwa, da tsarin noma, tare da tasiri ga wadatar abinci.<ref name=":0r" /> A shekarar 2022, sama da mutane 6,000 daga ƙasashen Afirka guda goma suka halarci binciken yanayi da Babban Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (European Investment Bank) ya gudanar.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> Binciken ya gano cewa kashi 88% na mutanen sun bayyana cewa canjin yanayi yana cutar da rayuwarsu, yayin da kashi 61% na mutanen suka bayyana cewa lalacewar muhalli ya yi tasiri ga kudaden shigarsu ko hanyar samun abincinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EIB Climate Survey: 88% of African respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-554-eib-climate-survey-88-of-african-respondents-believe-that-climate-change-is-already-affecting-their-everyday-life |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> Waɗannan asarorin yawanci sakamakon fari ne mai tsanani, hauhawar matakin teku ko zaizayar gaɓar teku, ko kuma munanan al'amuran yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa ko hadari.<ref name="EIB-2022a">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: 88% of respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/africa.htm |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref> Sama da rabin mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su (kashi 57%) sun ce su ko mutanen da suka sani sun riga sun ɗauki matakai don daidaitawa da illolin canjin yanayi. Daga cikin waɗannan matakan akwai zuba jari a na'urorin kiyaye ruwa don rage radadin fari da kuma share magudanar ruwa kafin ambaliya ta zo.<ref name="EIB-2022a" /> Kashi 34% na dukkan mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su sun ce canjin yanayi yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi addabar ƙasarsu, tare da sauran muhimman matsaloli kamar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (inflation) da samun damar kula da lafiya.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> === Tasirin tattalin arziki === Afirka tana yin zafi da sauri fiye da sauran sassan duniya a matsakaita. Sakamakon haka, manyan sassan nahiyar na iya zama marasa mazauni, kuma babban abun da ake samarwa a cikin gida na Afirka (GDP) na iya raguwa da kashi 2% sakamakon hauhawar zafin duniya da digiri 1 °C, sannan da kashi 12% sakamakon hauhawar zafin da digiri 4 °C. Ana sa ran amfanin gona zai ragu ƙwarai sakamakon hauhawar zafi, sannan ana kyautata zaton cewa za a riƙa samun mamakon ruwan sama akai-akai kuma da ƙarfi a faɗin Afirka, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="WMO-2021">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Africa Renewal-2018">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-07 |title=Global warming: severe consequences for Africa |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa |url=https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=United Nations Climate Change News}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Afirka tana asarar tsakanin dala biliyan 7 zuwa dala biliyan 15 a shekara saboda canjin yanayi, wanda aka kiyasta zai iya kaiwa dala biliyan 50 nan da shekarar 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rathi |first1=Akshat |last2=Rao |first2=Mythili |date=2024-05-02 |title=One Bank Is Turning Africa's Climate Vulnerability Into Opportunity |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-02/inside-the-bank-financing-africa-s-green-growth |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> === Noma === Noma babban sashe ne mai mahimmanci a Afirka, wanda ke taimakawa ga hanyoyin rayuwa da tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Mutane da yawa sun dogara da aikin noma a matsayin hanyar haɓaka kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki da kuma tushen abinci. Mutane da yawa sun dogara ne da albarkatun da yanayi ke tasiri a kansu. An yi hasashen cewa ayyukan noma za su ragu a faɗin yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref> A matsakaita, aikin noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka yana ba da gudummawar kashi 15% na jimillar GDP.<ref name="OECD/FAO">{{Cite book |last=OECD/FAO |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5778e.pdf |title=OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016‑2025 |publisher=OECD Publishing |year=2016 |isbn= 978-92-64-25323-0 |pages=59–61}}</ref> Yanayin labarin ƙasa na Afirka ya sa ta kasance cikin haɗari na musamman ga canjin yanayi, kuma kashi 70% na al'ummar ƙasar sun dogara ne ga noman da ya dogara da ruwan sama don hanyoyin rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Läderach |first1=Peter |last2=Martinez-Valle |first2=Armando |last3=Bourgoin |first3=Clement |last4=Parker |first4=Louis |date=27 March 2019 |title= Vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change: The development of a pan-tropical Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment to inform sub-national decision making |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=3 |article-number=e0213641 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1413641P |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0213641 |pmc=6436735 |pmid=30917146 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gonaki na ƙananan manoma (smallholder farms) suna daidai da kashi 80% na ƙasashen da ake noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref name="OECD/FAO" /> Hukumar IPCC a shekarar 2007 ta yi hasashen cewa sauye-sauyen yanayi za su gurgunta aikin noma da damar samun abinci.<ref name="ar4 summary of regional impacts">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |editor=Parry, M. L. |display-editors=et al. |chapter=Summary for Policymakers: C. Current knowledge about future impacts |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html }}</ref> An ba wa wannan hasashen "babban kwarin gwiwa". Tsarin noma, kiwon dabbobi, da kamun kifi za su kasance cikin babban haɗari na kwari da cututtuka sakamakon canjin yanayi na gaba.<ref name="Dhanush">{{Cite journal |author1=Dhanush, D. |author2=Bett, B. K. |author3=Boone, R. B. |author4=Grace, D. |author5=Kinyangi, J. |author6=Lindahl, J. F. |author7=Mohan, C. V. |author8=Ramírez Villegas, J. |author9=Robinson, T. P. |author10=Rosenstock, T. S. |author11=Smith, J. |date=2015 |title=Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |journal=CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security |access-date=2026-06-09 |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716201342/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwarin amfanin gona riga suna da alhakin kusan kashi 1/6 na asarar amfanin gona.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Canjin yanayi zai hanzarta yaduwar kwari da cututtuka kuma zai ƙara aukuwar abubuwa masu babban tasiri.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Tasirin canjin yanayi akan aikin noma a Afirka zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga wadatar abinci da hanyoyin rayuwa. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki iri-iri ya haifar da gazawar samun wasu muhimman sinadarai na jiki. Rashin waɗannan sinadarai na iya haifar da ƙarancin bitamin A da ƙarfe (iron). Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokutan fari da ƙarancin abinci saboda zaɓukan abincin suna da ƙanƙanta. Tsakanin shekarar 2014 da 2018, Afirka ce ke da mafi girman matakan ƙarancin abinci a duniya.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/ |title=SOFI 2019 – The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-134325-8 |language=en |doi=10.4060/CB4474EN |s2cid=241785130}}</ref> Dangane da tsarin noma, dogaro mai yawa akan noman wadatar kai na ruwan sama da kuma ƙarancin amfani da dabarun noma na zamani da suka dace da yanayi (climate smart agriculture) suna taimakawa ga babban haɗarin da sashen ke ciki. Lamarin yana daɗa rudarwa saboda ƙarancin amintattun bayanai da rashin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan yanayi don tallafawa matakan daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinku|first=Tufa|title=Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa|url=https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e|website=ICT Update CTA|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=1 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101070648/https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e}}</ref> Tarwatsawar yanayin ruwan sama da aka gani da kuma wanda aka hango sanadiyyar canjin yanayi na iya taƙaita lokutan noma da kuma shafar amfanin gona a sassan Afirka da dama. Bugu da ƙari, sashen noma a Afirka mafi yawancinsa yana ƙarƙashin ƙananan manoma ne waɗanda ke da iyakacin damar samun fasaha da albarkatun da za su daidaita da yanayin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporting Sub-Saharan Africa's Farmers – Bayer – Crop Science |url=https://www.cropscience.bayer.com:443/en/stories/2018/supporting-sub-saharan-africas-farmers-closing-the-gap |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.cropscience.bayer.com}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen yanayi sun kasance kuma suna ci gaba da zama babban tushen canza-canje a cikin samar da abinci na duniya a faɗin ƙasashe masu tasowa inda samar da abincin ya dogara kacokan akan ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thornton |first1=Philip K |last2=Ericksen |first2=Polly J |last3=Herrero |first3=Mario |last4=Challinor |first4=Andrew J |title=Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review |journal=Global Change Biology |date=November 2014 |volume=20 |issue=11 |pages=3313–3328 |doi=10.1111/gcb.12581 |bibcode=2014GCBio..20.3313T |pmc=4258067 |pmid=24668802 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=HU|first1=Tongxi|last2=Zhang|first2=Xuesong|last3=Khanal|first3=Sami|last4=Wilson|first4=Robyn|last5=Leng|first5=Guoyong|last6=Toman|first6=Elizabeth|last7=Wang|first7=Xuhui|last8=Zhao|first8=Kaiguang|date=2024-06-19|title=Climate change impacts on crop yields: A review of empirical findings, statistical crop models, and machine learning methods|url=https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/24705/files/2024/09/review-climate-impact-crop-yield-machine-learning.pdf|journal=Environmental Modelling & Software|volume=179|issue=106119 |article-number=106119 |doi=10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119 |bibcode=2024EnvMS.17906119H }}</ref> Sashen noma yana da saurin shafar canjin yanayi,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Geoffrey |last1=Sabiiti |first2=Joseph Mwalichi |last2=Ininda |first3=Laban |last3=Ogallo |first4=Franklin |last4=Opijah |first5=Alex |last5=Nimusiima |first6=George |last6=Otieno |first7=Saul Daniel |last7=Ddumba |first8=Jamiat |last8=Nanteza |first9=Charles |last9=Basalirwa |author-link3=Ogallo Laban |title=Nanteza and C. Basalirwa. 2016. Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda |journal=Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences |volume=7 |date=2016 |pages=3–13 |url=https://jeas.agropublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/JEAS-7-1.pdf }}</ref> musamman sauye-sauyen ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yanayin zafi, da munanan al'amuran yanayi (fari da ambaliyar ruwa). An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan al'amuran na yanayi za su ƙaru a nan gaba kuma ana sa ran za su haifar da gagarumin sakamako ga sashen noma.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change"/> Wannan zai kasance da mummunan tasiri akan farashin abinci, wadatar abinci, da shawarwari game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite book|section=A1 – 1 Sustainability, food security and climate change: three intertwined challenges|title=Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en/|access-date=2019-08-15|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030918/http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amfanin gona daga noman ruwan sama a wasu ƙasashen Afirka na iya raguwa da kashi 50% zuwa shekarar 2020.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change" /> Don hana mummunan tasiri na gaba na sauye-sauyen yanayi akan samar da abinci, yana da matakar muhimmanci a daidaita ko ba da shawarar manufofi masu yiwuwa don jure wa ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi. Ƙasashen Afirka suna buƙatar gina tsarin doka na ƙasa don sarrafa albarkatun abinci daidai da canjin yanayi da ake tsammani. Sai dai, kafin tsara manufofin magance tasirin sauye-sauyen yanayi, musamman ga sashen noma, yana da matakar muhimmanci a sami fahimta mai kyau game da yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar amfanin gona daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Hassnain |last2=Hellegers |first2=Petra |last3=Siderius |first3=Christian |date=2021-01-01 |title=Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments |journal=Climate Risk Management |volume=34 |article-number=100378 |doi=10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378 |bibcode=2021CliRM..3400378S |issn=2212-0963|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a shekarar 2020 saboda mummunan farmakin fara (locusts) wanda ya yi mummunan tasiri ga aikin noma a gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Rosane-2020">{{cite news|last1=Rosane|first1=Olivia|date=27 January 2020|title=Worst Locust Swarm to Hit East Africa in Decades Linked to Climate Crisis|agency=Ecowatch|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/locust-swarm-east-africa-2644928358.html|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> An danganta wannan farmakin sashin jiki ga canjin yanayi - yanayin zafi mafi dumi da mamakon ruwan sama wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar fara ta hanyar da ba a saba gani ba.<ref name="Rosane-2020" /> A Gabashin Afirka, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai daɗa yawaita da tsananin fari da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga sashen noma. Canjin yanayi zai haifar da tasiri daban-daban akan aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka. Bincike daga Cibiyar Binciken Manufofin Abinci ta Duniya (IFPRI) ya nuna ƙaruwar amfanin masara a mafi yawan Gabashin Afirka, amma asarar amfanin gona a sassan [[Itofiya|Habasha]] (Ethiopia), Jamhuriyar Dimokiraɗiyyar Kongo (DRC), Tanzania, da kuma arewacin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis |url=http://www.ifpri.org/publication/east-african-agriculture-and-climate-change-comprehensive-analysis |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |language=en}}</ref> Ana kuma sa ran hasashen canjin yanayi zai rage ƙarfin ƙasar da ake noma don samar da amfanin gona mai inganci da yawa.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/09/11/000158349_20080911163038/Rendered/PDF/WPS4717.pdf |title=How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones And Impact African Agriculture? |author1=Kurukulasuriya, P. |author2=Mendelsohn, R. |date=25 September 2008 |publisher=The World Bank |series=Policy Research Working Papers |doi=10.1596/1813-9450-4717 |hdl=10986/6994 |s2cid=129416028}}</ref> Canjin yanayi a Kenya ana sa ran zai haifar da babban tasiri ga sashen noma, wanda mafi yawansa ya dogara da ruwan sama saboda haka yana cikin babban haɗarin sauye-sauye a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama, da munanan al'amuran yanayi.<ref name="NCCAP-2018">{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Environment and Forestry |title=National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022. Volume I |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402131336/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf }}</ref> Tasirin zai fi fitowa fili a cikin busassun ƙasashe da matsakaitan busassun ƙasashe (ASALs) inda kiwon dabbobi shine mabuɗin aikin tattalin arziki da hanyar rayuwa. A cikin yankunan ASALs, sama da kashi 70% na mutuwar dabbobi yana faruwa ne sakamakon fari.<ref name="NCCAP-2018" /> A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, kashi 52% na adadin shanu na yankunan ASAL suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa saboda tsananin zafi. === Tasiri ga lafiya === Kasashen Afirka ne ke da tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a mafi rashin inganci a duniya.<ref name="WHO-2014">World Health Organization. (2014). ''The health of the people: what works: the African Regional Health Report 2014''. World Health Organization.</ref> Nauyin cututtuka masu yaduwa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria), zazzabin tura (schistosomiasis), zazzabin dengue, da sankarau (meningitis), wadanda ke da saurin shafar tasirin yanayi, sun fi yawa a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka. Alal misali, sama da kashi 90 cikin dari na adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya duk shekara suna Afirka.<ref name="WHO-2014" /> Sauye-sauyen yanayi za su shafi yaduwar kwayoyin cuta gami da canza yadda mutane ke fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da wadannan cututtuka. Bisa rahoton kimantawa na shida na hukumar IPCC, canjin yanayi yana zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar dubun-dubatar mutanen Afirka, domin yana jefa su cikin yanayin zafi ko sanyi mara kyau, munanan al'amuran yanayi, da kuma karuwar yankuna da saurin yaduwar cututtuka masu yaduwa.<ref>{{cite book |type=Final Draft |chapter=Chapter 9:Africa |title=IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_Chapter09.pdf}}</ref> Canjin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi, guguwa, fari, da hauhawar matakin teku, zai shafi aukuwa da kuma rarrabuwar cututtuka masu yaduwa a fadin duniya.<ref name="Beard-2016">Beard, C. B.; Eisen, R. J.; Barker, C. M.; Garofalo, J. F.; Hahn, M.; Hayden, M.; Schramm, P. J. (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607130925/https://health2016.globalchange.gov/vectorborne-diseases "Vector-Borne Diseases".] Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> A watan Yulin 2021, Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WFP) ta dora alhakin matsalar karancin abinci da ke gudana a kudancin Madagascar kacokan a kan canjin yanayi, ba wai a kan yaki ko rikici ba. An bayyana lamarin a matsayin yunwa ta farko da canjin yanayi ya haifar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Aryn |title=Climate, Not Conflict. Madagascar's Famine is the First in Modern History to be Solely Caused by Global Warming |url=https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |magazine=Time |date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723003745/https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Charlene |title=Madagascar famine becomes first in history to be caused solely by climate crisis |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/madagascar-famine-climate-crisis-b1888058.html |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=The Independent |date=22 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harding|first=Andrew|date=24 August 2021|title=Madagascar on the brink of climate change-induced famine|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792|access-date=2021-09-10}}</ref> === Zazzabin cizon sauro (Malaria) === A Afirka, zazzabin cizon sauro yana ci gaba da yin mummunan tasiri ga al'umma. Yayin da canjin yanayi ke ci gaba, takaitattun yankunan da ke iya fuskantar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro mai babban hadari a duk tsawon shekara za su tashi daga gabar tekun yammacin Afirka zuwa yankin da ke tsakanin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo da Uganda, wanda aka sani da Tsaunin Afirka (African Highlands).<ref name="Ryan-2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ryan|first1=Sadie J.|last2=McNally|first2=Amy|last3=Johnson|first3=Leah R.|last4=Mordecai|first4=Erin A.|last5=Ben-Horin|first5=Tal|last6=Paaijmans|first6=Krijn|last7=Lafferty|first7=Kevin D.|year=2015|title=Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change|journal=Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases|volume=15|issue=12|pages=718–725|doi=10.1089/vbz.2015.1822|pmc=4700390|pmid=26579951|bibcode=2015VBZD...15..718R }}</ref> Kura-kuran kimiyya yayin binciken sauye-sauyen yanayin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka suna da kama da wadanda ke da alaka da faffadan fahimtar canjin yanayi da zazzabin cizon sauro. Yayin da tsara taswira ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi ke nuna cewa akwai alaka tsakanin karuwar zafi da karuwar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, har yanzu da akwai sauran rashi na bayanai. Sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a a nan gaba wadanda ke shafar cunkoson jama'a, gami da sauye-sauye a dabi'un sauro, na iya shafar saurin yaduwar cutar kuma suna zama abubuwan da ke takaita tantance hadarin bullar zazzabin cizon sauro a nan gaba, wanda hakan kuma ke shafar shiri na dace don tunkarar bullar cutar.<ref name="Ryan-2015" /> Game da saurin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka, abubuwa da illolin da ke fitowa daga gagarumin sauyin muhalli kamar yanayi mai dumi, sauye-sauyen yanayin gudanar ruwa, da karuwar tasirin ayyukan dan adam kamar sare bishiyoyi (deforestation), suna samar da ingantaccen yanayi don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro tsakanin mai dauke da cutar da wanda ake frawa.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ |year=2012 |title=Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |volume=3 |page=315 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2012.00315 |pmc=3429085 |pmid=22934065 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Musamman ma, zazzabin cizon sauro yana faruwa ne sanadiyyar kwayoyin cuta na "Plasmodium falciparum" da "Plasmodium vivax" wadanda kwarin sauro na "Anopheles" ke dauke da su. Kodayake kwayar cutar "Plasmodium vivax" na iya rayuwa a yanayin zafi mafi karanci, ita kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" za ta iya rayuwa ne kawai kuma ta hayayyafa a cikin sauro lokacin da yanayin zafi ya haura 20 °C.<ref name="CDC-2018">{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Where Malaria Occurs |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Karuwar danshi da ruwan sama suma suna taimakawa wajen hayayyafa da rayuwar wannan kwayar cuta.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease |url=https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/climate-change-and-vector-borne-disease |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Science Education}}</ref> Kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro zai zama babban hadari ga mutane yayin da adadin matan sauro na "Anopheles" masu dauke da kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" ko "Plasmodium vivax" ke karuwa.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011" /> Bincike ya nuna karuwar dacewar yanayi gaba daya don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan mutanen da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="Caminade-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Colón-González FJ, Stenlund H, Martens P, Lloyd SJ |date=March 2014 |title=Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=111 |issue=9 |pages=3286–3291 |bibcode=2014PNAS..111.3286C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1302089111 |pmc=3948226 |pmid=24596427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mafi mahimmanci shine karuwar yautuwar barkewar cutar a wurare masu tsayi (kamar Tsaunin Afirka). Haifawar yanayin zafi a wadannan yankuna na da damar sauya yankunan da da can ba su da zazzabin sauro zuwa yankuna masu fama da barkewar cutar na lokaci-lokaci.<ref name="pmid7656875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martens WJ, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ |date=May 1995 |title=Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=458–64 |doi=10.1289/ehp.95103458 |pmc=1523278 |pmid=7656875|bibcode=1995EnvHP.103..458M }}</ref> Sakamakon haka, sabbin al'umma za su fuskanci cutar, wanda zai kai ga asarar shekaru masu amfani na koshin lafiya. Bugu da kari, nauyin cutar na iya zama mafi lahani ga yankunan da ba su da karfi da albarkatun da za su magance irin wadannan kalubale da matsaloli yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B |date=January 2016 |title=Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation |journal=Environment International |volume=86 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007 |pmid=26479830 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016EnInt..86...14W }}</ref> Yayin da canjin yanayi ke sauya yankunan labarin kasa na yaduwar cutar zuwa Tsaunin Afirka, kalubalen zai kasance shine gano da kuma sarrafa kwarin sauro a yankunan da ba su taba ganinsa ba a baya.<ref name="pmid14654317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanser FC, Sharp B, le Sueur D |date=November 2003 |title=Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa |journal=Lancet |volume=362 |issue=9398 |pages=1792–8 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2 |pmid=14654317 |s2cid=22850163 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24378625 }}</ref> == Tasiri da ke shafar shiyyoyi == === Afirka ta Tsakiya === Afirka ta Tsakiya, a mafi yawancin sassa, yanki ne da ke kewaye da kasa (ba shi da gabar teku) kuma ta fuskar labarin kasa yana fuskantar barazanar canjin yanayi. Saboda tsananin sauye-sauyen yanayi a yankin da kuma dogaro ga aikin noma na ruwan sama, ana sa ran Afirka ta Tsakiya za ta fuskanci lokutan tsananin zafi (heatwaves) masu tsayi da kuma yawaitar mazaunai, gami da karuwar mamakon ruwan sama na matakari na karshe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diedhiou |first1=Arona |last2=Bichet |first2=Adeline |last3=Wartenburger |first3=Richard |last4=Seneviratne |first4=Sonia I |last5=Rowell |first5=David P |last6=Sylla |first6=Mouhamadou B |last7=Diallo |first7=Ismaila |last8=Todzo |first8=Stella |last9=Touré |first9=N'datchoh E |last10=Camara |first10=Moctar |last11=Ngatchah |first11=Benjamin Ngounou |last12=Kane |first12=Ndjido A |last13=Tall |first13=Laure |last14=Affholder |first14=François |title=Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=June 2018 |volume=13 |issue=6 |article-number=065020 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5 |bibcode=2018ERL....13f5020D |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/274346 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Matsakaitan zafin duniya a wannan yanki ana sa ran zai karu da digiri 1.5 °C zuwa 2 °C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seneviratne |first1=Sonia I. |last2=Donat |first2=Markus G. |last3=Pitman |first3=Andy J. |last4=Knutti |first4=Reto |last5=Wilby |first5=Robert L. |title=Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets |journal=Nature |date=28 January 2016 |volume=529 |issue=7587 |pages=477–483 |doi=10.1038/nature16542 |pmid=26789252 |s2cid=205247437 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9482219 }}</ref> Karfin shakar iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli (carbon dioxide) na daji a yankin Kogin Kongo ya ragu. Wannan raguwa ta faru ne saboda karuwar zafi da fari da ke haifar da raguwar girman bishiyoyi. Wannan yana nuna cewa har ma dajin da ba a taba sare bishiyoyinsa ba canjin yanayi yana shafar sa. Wani bincike da aka wallafa a mujallar Nature ya nuna cewa nan da shekarar 2030, dajin Afirka zai shaki kasa da kashi 14 cikin dari na carbon dioxide idan aka kwatanta da abin da yake shaka tsakanin shekarun 2005-2010, kuma ba zai shaki komai ba kwata-kwata nan da shekarar 2035.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Daniel |date=4 March 2020 |title=The Congo rainforest is losing ability to absorb carbon dioxide. That's bad for climate change. |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/the-congo-rainforest-is-losing-its-ability-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-for-climate-change/2020/03/03/3363d218-5ca9-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> === Gabashin Afirka === Ganin cewa kusan gaba daya yankin yana cikin yankuna masu zafi (tropics), ruwan sama a Gabashin Afirka ya dogara ne kacokan a kan sauye-sauyen lokaci na gungun gajimare na ruwan sama na yankunan zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=Sharon E. |date=2017 |title=Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=590–635 |bibcode=2017RvGeo..55..590N |doi=10.1002/2016RG000544 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gabashin Afirka yana da siffar sauye-sauyen ruwan sama masu yawa ta fuskar lokaci da sarari saboda ya shimfidu sama da digiri 30 na layi na latitude (ketare layin hantar duniya). Yana samun tasiri daga tekunan Indiya da na Atlantika, kuma yana da manyan siffofin kasa (yankunan tsaunuka) gami da manyan madatsun ruwa na cikin kasa kamar Tafkin Victoria. Saboda haka, yanayin lokutan ruwan sama ya bambanta tun daga lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin watannin Yuli-Agusta a sassan arewa maso yamma (ciki har da Habasha da Sudan ta Kudu, wadanda ta fuskar yanayi ke da alaka da Yammacin Afirka, inda iskar iska mai kawo ruwa ta Yammacin Afirka ke kawo musu ruwan sama) zuwa lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin Disamba - Fabrairu a kudanci (a fadin Tanzania), yayin da yankuna da dama na kusa da layin hantar duniya ke da lokutan ruwan sama guda biyu a shekara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily C. L. |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |date=2016 |title=The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=121 |issue=19 |pages=11,405–11,424 |bibcode=2016JGRD..12111405D |doi=10.1002/2016JD025428 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kusan a tsakanin watannin Maris-Mayu (wato "Dogon Ruwa") da Oktoba zuwa Disamba ("Takaitaccen Ruwa"). Sauye-sauyen ruwan sama a kan kananan siffofi sau da yawa suna da alaka da siffofin tsaunuka da tafkuna. Sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara na iya zama manya, kuma abubuwan sarrafawa da aka sani sun hada da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafin saman teku (SSTs) na kwarurukan tekuna daban-daban, yanayin iska mai fadin gaske na sauye-sauye kamar Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vellinga |first1=Michael |last2=Milton |first2=Sean |date=2018 |title=Drivers of interannual variability of the East African 'Long Rains' |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |language=en |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=861–876 |bibcode=2018QJRMS.144..861V |doi=10.1002/qj.3263 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Finney 2109–2129">{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Jackson |first3=Lawrence S. |last4=Kendon |first4=Elizabeth J. |last5=Rowell |first5=David P. |last6=Boorman |first6=Penelope M. |last7=Keane |first7=Richard J. |last8=Stratton |first8=Rachel A. |last9=Senior |first9=Catherine A. |date=5 February 2019 |title=Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=2109–2129 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.2109F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> da kuma guguwa mai karfi ta wuraren zafi (tropical cyclones).<ref name="Finney 2109–2129" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kilavi |first1=Mary |last2=MacLeod |first2=Dave |last3=Ambani |first3=Maurine |last4=Robbins |first4=Joanne |last5=Dankers |first5=Rutger |last6=Graham |first6=Richard |last7=Titley |first7=Helen |last8=Salih |first8=Abubakr A. M. |last9=Todd |first9=Martin C. |date=December 2018 |title=Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions |journal=Atmosphere |language=en |volume=9 |issue=12 |page=472 |bibcode=2018Atmos...9..472K |doi=10.3390/atmos9120472 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dogon Ruwa shi ne babban lokacin noman amfanin gona a yankin. Hasashen shekara-shekara na wannan lokaci yana da karanci idan aka kwatanta da Takaitaccen Ruwa, kuma bushewar da aka gani kwanan nan ta sha bamban da hasashen yanayi na samun damina mai zuwa a nan gaba (wanda ake kira "Dambarar yanayin Gabashin Afirka").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |date=15 December 2015 |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref>). Gabashin Afirka ya shaida yawaitar fari mai tsanani a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, gami da ambaliyar ruwa mai barna. Yanayin ruwan sama tun daga shekarun 1980 ya nuna raguwa gaba daya a cikin watannin Maris - Mayu (MAM) yayin da aka sami 'yar karuwa kadan a lokacin ruwan sama na watannin Yuni - Satumba (JJAS) da Oktoba - Disamba (OND),<ref name="Bernhofer 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Bernhofer |first1=Christian |last2=Hülsmann |first2= Stephan |last3=Gebrechorkos |first3=Solomon H. |date=6 August 2019 |title=Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=11376 |bibcode=2019NatSR...911376G |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8 |pmc=6684806 |pmid=31388068 }}</ref> kodayake kamar an sami komawa daidai kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman MAM.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Wainwright |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Keane |first3=Richard J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5= Finney |first5=Declan L. |last6=Black |first6=Emily |last7=Allan |first7=Richard P. |date=12 September 2019 |title='Eastern African Paradox' rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=34 |doi=10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7 |bibcode=2019npCAS...2...34W |doi-access=free }}</ref> A nan gaba, an kiyasta cewa ruwan sama da yanayin zafi za su canza a fadin Gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Muhati |first1=Godwin Leslie |last2=Olago |first2=Daniel |last3=Olaka |first3= Lydia |date=1 October 2018 |title=Past and projected rainfall and temperature trends in a sub-humid Montane Forest in Northern Kenya based on the CMIP5 model ensemble |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=16 |article-number=e00469 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018GEcoC..1600469M }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 621–633">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Senior |first2= Catherine A. |last3=Vellinga |first3=Michael |last4=Graham |first4=Richard J. |date=1 February 2016 |title=Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance? |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=134 |issue=4 |pages=621–633 |bibcode=2016ClCh..134..621R |doi=10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bincike na baya-bayan nan kan kiyasin yanayi ya nuna cewa matsakacin zafi na iya karuwa da kusan digiri 2-3 °C zuwa tsakiyar karni sannan da digiri 2-5 °C a karshen karni.<ref name= "Bornemann 365–384">{{Cite journal |last1=Bornemann |first1=F. Jorge |last2=Rowell |first2=David P. |last3=Evans |first3=Barbara |last4=Lapworth |first4=Dan J. |last5=Lwiza |first5=Kamazima |last6= Macdonald |first6=David M.J. |last7=Marsham |first7=John H. |last8=Tesfaye |first8=Kindie |last9=Ascott |first9=Matthew J. |last10=Way |first10=Celia |date=1 October 2019 |title=Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=365–384 |bibcode=2019ClCh..156..365B |doi=10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan zai dogara ne a kan tsarin fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli gami da yadda ainihin yanayin ke mayar da martani idan aka kwatanta da sakamako daban-daban da kirar tsare-tsare na na'ura (models) suka nuna. Kiyasin kirar yanayi yana nuna cewa za a sami karuwar ruwan sama, musamman a lokacin OND, wanda kuma aka kiyasta zai auku a makare. Wannan jinkiri na takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama yana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Sahara (Saharan Heat Low) karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738">{{cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |title=Later Wet Seasons with More Intense Rainfall over Africa under Future Climate Change |journal=Journal of Climate |date=December 2018 |volume=31 |issue=23 |pages=9719–9738 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1 |bibcode=2018JCli...31.9719D |s2cid=52990163 }}</ref> Sai dai kuma, wasu kirar tsare-tsaren na kiyasin raguwar ruwan sama,<ref name="Rowell 621–633" /><ref name="Bornemann 365–384" /> kuma ga wasu shiyyoyi da lokuta, mafi girman karuwar ruwan sama da aka kiyasta an nuna cewa yana kunshe da hanyoyin da ba su dace ba saboda kura-kurai na tsari na kirar tsare-tsaren.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=David P. |date=2019 |title= An Observational Constraint on CMIP5 Projections of the East African Long Rains and Southern Indian Ocean Warming |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=46 |issue=11 |pages=6050–6058 |bibcode=2019GeoRL..46.6050R |doi=10.1029/2019GL082847 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bugu da kari, sauye-sauyen sinadarai na iska (aerosols) suna tasiri ga sauyin ruwan sama wanda ba a iya kamawa a cikin kiyasin canjin yanayi da dama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scannell |first1=Claire |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Dunstone |first3=Nick J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5=Bernie |first5=Dan J. |last6=Kasoar |first6=Matthew |last7=Voulgarakis |first7=Apostolos |last8=Wilcox |first8=Laura J. |last9=Acosta Navarro |first9=Juan C. |last10=Seland |first10=Øyvind |last11=Paynter |first11=David J. |date=13 September 2019 |title=The Influence of Remote Aerosol Forcing from Industrialized Economies on the Future Evolution of East and West African Rainfall |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=8335–8354 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.8335S |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1 |doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/75583 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 9768–9788">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |date=7 October 2015 |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin yanayin bushewa na ruwan saman MAM (dogon ruwa) a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, tare da yawancin kirar kiyasin da ke nuna za a sami jika a nan gaba an sanya masa lakabi da "dambarar canjin yanayin Gabashin Afirka",<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> kodayake an sami dan farfadowa kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Bincike ya nuna cewa yanayin bushewar ba lallai ba ne ya kasance na halitta zalla, amma yana iya kasancewa samfari ne na abubuwa kamar su aerosols maimakon iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli,<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> saboda haka ana bukatar kararin bincike. An nuna bushewar ta faru ne saboda takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama, kuma tana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Larabawa (Arabian Heat Low).<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Sakamakon rashin tabbas a cikin kiyasin ruwan sama, sauye-sauye a farkon lokutan ruwan sama ba su da tabbas a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, kodayake kirar kiyasin da dama suna nuna makarin takaitaccen ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> An san cewa tsarin Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) yana ba da gagarumin iko a kan sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara a cikin takaitaccen ruwan sama,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Black |first1=Emily |last2=Slingo |first2=Julia |last3=Sperber |first3=Kenneth R. |date=1 January 2003 |title=An Observational Study of the Relationship between Excessively Strong Short Rains in Coastal East Africa and Indian Ocean SST |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=74–94 |bibcode=2003MWRv..131...74B |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0074:AOSOTR>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kuma bincike ya nuna cewa tsananin IOD na iya karuwa karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cai |first1=Wenju |last2=Wang |first2=Guojian |last3=Gan |first3=Bolan |last4=Wu |first4=Lixin |last5=Santoso |first5=Agus |last6=Lin |first6=Xiaopei |last7=Chen |first7=Zhaohui |last8=Jia |first8=Fan |last9=Yamagata |first9=Toshio |date=12 April 2018 |title=Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=1419 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.1419C |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 |pmid=29650992 |pmc=5897553 }}</ref> A fadin duniya, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kai ga tsanantar ruwan sama, yayin da mamakon ruwan sama ke karuwa cikin sauri tare da dumama fiye da yadda jimillar ruwan sama ke yi.<ref name="Global Warming of 1.5 °C —">{{Cite web |last=IPCC |date=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ |access-date=2020-02-16 |website=IPCC}}</ref> Binciken baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa a fadin Afirka, ana sa ran kirar kiyasin duniya za su gaza kimanta saurin sauyin wannan tsanantar ruwan sama,<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> kuma sauye-sauye a cikin matakan karshe na ruwan sama na iya yaduwa sosai fiye da wadanda kirar kiyasin duniya suka kiyasta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Rowell |first3=David P. |last4=Kendon |first4= Elizabeth J. |last5=Tucker |first5=Simon O. |last6=Stratton |first6=Rachel A. |last7=Jackson |first7=Lawrence S. |date=22 January 2020 |title=Effects of explicit convection on future projections of mesoscale circulations, rainfall and rainfall extremes over Eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=2701–2718 |bibcode=2020JCli...33.2701F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Sassan kudancin Gabashin Afirka suna samun mafi yawan ruwan samansu ne a cikin lokacin ruwan sama guda daya a lokacin sanyin rabin duniyar kudanci: a fadin Tanzania an kiyasta ruwan saman lokaci zai karu karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, kodayake akwai rashin tabbas.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> can gaba zuwa kudanci, a fadin Mozambique, an kiyasta takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama saboda farawa a makare karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, shi ma tare da wasu rashin tabbas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bin |last2=Liu |first2=De Li |last3=Waters |first3=Cathy |last4=Yu |first4=Qiang |date=2 October 2018 |title=Quantifying sources of uncertainty in projected wheat yield changes under climate change in eastern Australia |journal=Climatic Change |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=259–273 |bibcode=2018ClCh..151..259W |doi=10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z |s2cid=158743534 }}</ref> A matsayin misali, kasar Kenya tana da babban hadarin fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi. Babban hadarin yanayi sun hada da fari da ambaliyar ruwa saboda ruwan sama zai kasance mai tsanani da kuma wuyar hasashe. Kirar tsare-tsare na yanayi sun yi hasashen cewa yanayin zafi zai tashi da digiri 0.5 zuło 2 °C.<ref name="World_Bank">{{cite web |author=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |title=Kenya (Vulnerability) |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |access-date=2021-01-28 |archive-date=2023-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin rukunin gidajen marasa galihu na birnin Nairobi, tasirin dumama na tsarin birni (urban heat island) yana kara tsananta matsalar domin yana haifar da yanayin zafi mafi dumi na kewaye. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda kayayyakin ginin gidaje, rashin samun iska mai kyau, karancin korayen wurare, da karancin damar samun wutar lantarki da sauran ayyuka.<ref name="Hirch_2017">{{cite web |last=Hirch |first=Aurther |date=November 2017 |title=Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/}}</ref> === Arewacin Afirka === === Yammacin Afirka da Sahel === Yannkin Yammacin Afirka za a iya raba shi zuwa kananan shiyyoyin yanayi guda hudu wadanda sune Gabar Tekun Guinea, Sudano-Sahel, Sahel (wanda ya shimfidu gabas zuwa iyakar Habasha) da kuma Sahara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agyeman |first1=Richard Yao Kuma |last2=Quansah |first2=Emmannuel |last3=Lamptey |first3=Benjamin |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Agyekum |first5=Jacob |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of CMIP5 Global Climate Models over the Volta Basin: Precipitation |journal=Advances in Meteorology |volume=2018 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1155/2018/4853681 |bibcode=2018AdMet201853681A |doi-access=free}}</ref> kowanne yana da yanayin gudanar iska daban-daban. Zagayowar lokutan ruwan sama ya dogara ne mafi yawancinsa akan motsi na kudu-arewa na gungun iska mai haduwa ta yankunan zafi (ITCZ) wanda ke da siffar haduwar iska mai danshi ta yamma maso kudu da iska mai bushewa ta gabas maso arewa wato Hunutu (Harmattan). == Karba-da-daidaitawa == Don rage tasirin canjin yanayi a kasashen Afirka, ana bukatar matakan karba-da-daidaitawa (adaptation) a matakai da dama – tun daga matakin gida (local) zuwa matakin kasa da na shiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|title=Africa's Adaptation Gap, Technical Report: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Challenges, and Costs for Africa|last=Climate Analytics|website=Climate Analytics|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117055339/https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zaman farko na ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa a Afirka za a iya siffanta su mafi yawanci a matsayin kanana ta fuskar tsari, wadanda suka mayar da hankali kan zuba jari na musamman a fannin aikin noma da kuma yada fasahohi don tallafawa yanke shawara na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Troni |first=Jessica |title=Climate change adaptation in Africa: UNDP synthesis of experiences and recommendations |year=2018 |oclc=1079881730}}</ref> A dabarun baya-bayan nan, kokarin shirye-shiryen ya karkata zuwa ga manyan ayyuka da aka tsara su cikin hadin gwiwa, wadanda ke tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi fannoni da dama lokaci guda. A cewar wani bincike na shekarar 2023, kashi 59 cikin dari na bankunan Afirka suna da tsarin manufofin canjin yanayi da aka riga aka kafa, yayin da wani kashi 22 cikin dari ke shirin aiwatar da hakan. Kashi 65 cikin dari na bankunan a halin yanzu suna yin la'akari da hadarin yanayi yayin kimanta sabbin abokan ciniki ko ayyuka, yayin da wani kashi 23 cikin dari ke sa ran yin hakan a nan gaba.<ref name="EIB-2023"/> [[File:Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_(%_of_surveyed_African_banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Damammaki da kayayyakin hada-hadar kudi na kore (Green finance) daga bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai<ref name="eib.org">{{Cite web|title=Finance in Africa report finds that banks want to move faster into green lending|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/africa-green-lending|access-date=2021-12-10|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bank">{{Cite book|last=Bank|first=European Investment|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/economic-report-finance-in-africa-green-smart-inclusive-private-sector-development|title=Finance in Africa: for green, smart and inclusive private sector development|date=18 November 2021|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5063-0|language=EN}}</ref>]] Inganta fasahar hasashen yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana da muhimmanci wajen bayar da bayanai don mayar da martani ga canjin yanayi,<ref name="Youds-2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Youds|first1=L.|last2=Parker|first2=D. J.|last3=Adefisan|first3=E. A.|last4=Antwi-Agyei|first4=P.|last5=Bain|first5=C. L.|last6=Black|first6=E. C. L.|last7=Blyth|first7=A. M.|last8=Dougill|first8=A. J.|last9=Hirons|first9=L. C.|date=13 May 2021|title=GCRF African SWIFT White Paper Policy Brief: The future of African weather forecasting|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174093/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=eprints.whiterose.ac.uk|language=en|doi=10.5518/100/67}}</ref> domin taimakawa wajen yanke shawara da ke da alaka da karba-da-daidaitawa da canjin yanayi misali.<ref name="Youds-2021" /> Yayin Babban Taron Kasashen da ke Cikin Yarjejeniya karo na 21 (COP21) a shekarar 2015, shugabannin kasashen Afirka sun kaddamar da Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka (Africa Adaptation Initiative - AAI). Kwamitin gudanarwa na AAI ya kunshi Ofishin Taron Ministocin Afirka kan Muhalli (AMCEN) da kuma shugaban Rukunin Masu Tattaunawa na Afirka (AGN).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africaadaptationinitiative.org/|title=AAI|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Haka kuma, Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana tallafawa Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|title = European Union ramps up support to Africa Adaptation Initiative|website = United Nations Development Programme|date = 22 January 2020|access-date = 9 June 2026|archive-date = 10 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210510103326/https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta yi gungun gwiwa da Tarayyar Afirka kan inganta dorewar gudanar da albarkatun kasa, juriya ta muhalli, da rage tasirin canjin yanayi (climate change mitigation)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance |title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance }}</ref> A matakin shiyya, kafa manufofi da ayyuka na shiyya don tallafawa karba-da-daidaitawa a fadin Afirka har yanzu suna matakin farko. Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na IPCC (AR5) ya bayyana misalan tsare-tsaren ayyuka na canjin yanayi na shiyyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da wadanda Kungiyar Ci gaban Kasashen Kudancin Afirka (SADC) da Kwamitin Kogin Tafkin Victoria suka samar.<ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa, an gudanar da shirye-shiryen farko da dama na daidaitawa ta hanyar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPAs) ko Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCRS). Sai dai kuma, aiwatar da su ya kasance cikin jinkiri, tare da samun nasarori mabambanta a fannin isarwa.<ref name = date>{{Cite journal|last1=Pardoe|first1=Joanna|last2=Conway|first2=Declan|last3=Namaganda|first3=Emilinah |last4=Vincent|first4=Katharine|last5=Dougill|first5=Andy|last6=Kashaigili|first6=Japhet|date=2018|title=Climate Change and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Policy and Practice in Tanzania.|journal= Climate Policy|volume=18|issue=7|pages=863–877|doi=10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sanya batun canjin yanayi cikin tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki da ci gaba mafi fadin gaske har yanzu yana da iyaka kodayake yana ci gaba da bunkasa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lessons learned in preparing national adaptation programmes of action in Eastern and Southern Africa|last1=Osman-Elasha|first1=Balgis|last2=Downing|first2=Tom | publisher = Stockholm Environment Institute|year=2007}}</ref><ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa da na gida (subnational), hukumomin larduna da na birni da dama su ma suna samar da dabarunsu na kansu, misali Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Western Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|title=Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy|last=Western Cape Government|date=2014|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220102835/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, matakan iya aiki na fasaha da albarkatun da ke akwai don aiwatar da tsare-tsaren gaba daya suna da karanci. An ba da hankali sosai a fadin Afirka ga aiwatar da ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa na tushen al'umma (community-based adaptation). Akwai amincewa gaba daya cewa mafi kyawun hanyar tallafawa daidaitawa a matakin gida ita ce farawa da irin karfin daidaitawa na cikin gida da ke akwai riga, da kuma yin amfani da ilimin gargajiya da ayyukan gida.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ofoegbu|first1=Chidiebere|last2=Chirwa|first2=Paxie|last3=Francis|first3=Joseph|last4=Babalola|first4=Folaranmi|date=15 May 2017|title=Assessing vulnerability of rural communities to climate change: A review of implications for forest-based livelihoods in South Africa|journal=International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management|volume=9|issue=3|pages=374–386|doi=10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044 |hdl=2263/61659|hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[File:Climate risk approach (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Sakamakon da ya shafi tsarin fuskantar hadarin yanayi na bankunan Afirka (% na bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu) daga binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021<ref name="eib.org"/><ref name="Bank"/>]] Hukumar IPCC ta bayyana hanyoyi da dama masu nasara don inganta daidaitawa mai tasiri a Afirka, inda ta bayyana ka'idoji guda biyar na gama gari.<ref name=":0r" /> Wadannan sun hada da: # Habaka tallafi ga hanyoyin daidaitawa masu zaman kansu (autonomous forms of adaptation); # Kara mayar da hankali ga la'akari na al'ada, dabi'u, da hakki na daidaitawa (musamman ta hanyar shigar da mata, matasa, da matalauta da mutane masu rauni sosai a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa); # Hadawa tsakanin zabuka na "hanyoyin sanyaya gwiwa" (soft path) da hanyoyin koyo masu sauki da maimaitawa tare da hanyoyin fasaha da ababen more rayuwa (gami da hada ilimin kimiyya, na gida, da na gargajiya wajen samar da dabarun daidaitawa); # Mayar da hankali kan inganta juriya da aiwatar da zabukan daidaitawa wadanda ba sa da da-na-sani (low-regrets options); da kuma # Gina tsarin gudanarwa mai dacewa da kuma karfafa tsarin koyo na zamantakewa da na hukumomi a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa. Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya mai taken "Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa Plan of Action for the Health Sector 2012–2016"<ref name="WHO-2012">World Health Organization. (2012). Adaptation to climate change in Africa plan of action for the health sector 2012–2016. Retrieved from http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7699&Itemid=2593</ref> an tsara shi ne don "samar da cikakken martani da hadin gwiwa na fannin lafiya bisa hujjoji ga bukatun karba-da-daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasashen Afirka domin tallafawa kudurori da fifikon gwamnatocin Afirka."<ref name="WHO-2012" /> Tsarin aikin ya kunshi manufofi kamar fadada ayyukan lafiyar jama'a, daidaita kokari a matakin kasa da kasa, karfafa gungun gwiwa da kokarin hadin gwiwa, da kuma inganta bincike kan tasirin canjin yanayi gami da matakan inganci da aka dauka a al'ummomin gida don rage sakamakon canjin yanayi.<ref name="WHO-2012" /> A cewar Asusun Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana bukatar kararin dalar Amurka biliyan $30 zuwa $50 kowace shekara a fannin samar da kudade don daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Bank"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-Saharan Africa: One Planet, Two Worlds, Three Stories|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/pr21306-sub-saharan-africa-one-planet-two-worlds-three-stories|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dept|first=International Monetary Fund African|url=https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml|title=2. Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=15 April 2020|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-5135-3683-5|language=en|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523061856/https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml}}</ref> Kudaden tallafin yanayi a Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka sun kai jimillar dalar Amurka biliyan $32.6 (wato kashi 2 cikin dari na jimillar duniya) a shekarar 2019/2020, yayin da juna jari na yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara ya kasance dalar Amurka biliyan $43.8 (kashi 3 cikin dari na jimillar duniya).<ref name="EIB-2023">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230088-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Uncertain times, resilient banks: African finance at a crossroads |date=2023-09-27 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5598-7 |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Climate Finance Regional Briefing: Middle East and North Africa (2020) - Climate Funds Update |url=https://climatefundsupdate.org/publications/climate-finance-regional-briefing-middle-east-and-north-africa-2020/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021, hukumomin Afirka suna kara fahimtar bukatar magance hatsarin da ke tattare da canjin yanayi kuma suna fara amfani da damammaki a fannin samar da kudaden kore (green financing). Misali, kashi 54 cikin dari na bankunan da aka yi bincike a kansu sun dauki canjin yanayi a matsayin wani lamari na dabarun aiki, kuma fiye da kashi 40 cikin dari suna da ma'aikata da ke mayar da hankali kan fannonin da suka shafi yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Importer|first=A. P. O.|date=18 November 2021|title=EIB study highlights impact of COVID on African banks and business financing and opportunities for climate finance and digital transformation|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/apo/eib-study-highlights-impact-of-covid-on-african-banks-and-business-financing-and/205d41n|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Business Insider Africa|language=en}}</ref> Bankunan Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara suna kara fadada ayyukansu na dijital, lamarin da annobar COVID-19 ta hanzarta shi. Mafi yawancin bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu sun bayyana cewa annobar ta hanzarta takun sauyin dijital (digital transformation), kuma wannan sauyi zai kasance na din-din-din.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EIB President highlights new gender and digital investment initiatives to accelerate economic recovery across Africa|url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2021-165-eib-president-highlights-new-gender-and-digital-investment-initiatives-to-accelerate-economic-recovery-across-africa|access-date=2021-12-06|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=European Investment Bank Development Report|url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616085058/https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-16 }}</ref><ref name="Bank"/> Matalauta da marasa galihu sune suka fi fuskantar barazana, inda ma'aikata 'yan gudun hijira, 'yan gudun hijirar yaki, da sauran rukunoni da aka ware a cikin al'umma ke fuskantar wahala mafi tsanani. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum (GDP per capita) ba shi da tabbacin zai koma matakan shekarar 2019 har sai zuwa shekarar 2024, tare da barazanar sake faduwa kasa, kuma rikicin ya mayar da baya ga raguwar da aka yi hasashen samu na yawan matalauta, a cewar IMF. Idan aka kwatanta da hasashen kafin rikicin, wannan na iya haifar da kararin mutane miliyan 30 a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da za su rayu cikin matsananciyar talauci nan da shekarar 2021, gami da kararin mutane miliyan tara a yankin Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Selassie|first1=Abebe Aemro|last2=Department|first2=Habtamu Fuje IMF African|title=Seven Charts that Show Sub-Saharan Africa at a Crucial Point|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/na102021-seven-charts-that-show-sub-saharan-africa-at-a-crucial-point|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na dukkan kudaden tallafin yanayi na Afirka yana kwarara ne zuwa manyan kasuwanni guda biyar: Maroko (kashi 7 cikin dari na juna jari na yanayi na Afirka a cikin 2019/2022), Najeriya (kashi 7), Kenya (kashi 7), Habasha (kashi 6), da Afirka ta Kudu (kashi 5).<ref name="EIB-2023"/> A cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata, juna jari na kai-tsaye na ketare na kore (greenfield foreign direct investment) a fadin duniya ya ragu a kan matakin kashi 3 cikin dari a kowace shekara, inda gudunmuwar Afirka ga duniya ta fado daga kashi 12 cikin dari a shekarar 2017 zuwa kasa da kashi 6 cikin dari a shekarar 2021.<ref name="EIB-2023"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Investment Report 2023 |url=https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2023 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=UNCTAD |language=en}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Arewacin Afirka === [[File:Climate change specific personnel (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Ma'aikata na musamman kan canjin yanayi a bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (% na bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu)]] Babban matakan daidaitawa a arewacin Afirka suna da alaka da karuwar hadarin karancin ruwa (sakamakon haduwar canjin yanayi da ke shafar samun ruwa da kuma karuwar bukatarsa). Ragwar samun ruwa, a gefe guda, yana cudanya da karuwar yanayin zafi don haifar da bukatar daidaitawa tsakanin noman alkama na ruwan sama<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hegazy|first1=A. K.|last2=Medany|first2=M. A.|last3=Kabiel|first3=H. F.|last4=Maez|first4=M. M.|date=2008|title=Spatial and temporal projected distribution of four crop plants in Egypt|journal=Natural Resources Forum|volume=32|issue=4|pages=316–326|doi=10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x |bibcode=2008NRF....32..316H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drine|first=I.|date=May 2011|title=Climate Change Compounding Risks in North Africa |url=https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climate-change-compounding-risks-north-africa|website=United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) |type=Working Paper No. 32}}</ref> da kuma sauyin hadarin cututtuka (misali daga cutar leishmaniasis).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bounoua|first1=L.|last2=Kahime|first2=K.|last3=Houti|first3=L.|last4=Blakey|first4=T.|last5=Ebi|first5=K.L.|last6=Zhang|first6=P.|last7=Imhoff|first7=M.L.|last8=Thome|first8=K.J.|last9=Dudek|first9=C.|date=2013|title=Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=10|issue=8|article-number=3172–3191|doi=10.3390/ijerph10083172|pmid=23912199|pmc=3774431|doi-access=free|bibcode=2013IJERP..10.3172B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Toumi|first1=Amine|last2=Chlif|first2=Sadok|last3=Bettaieb|first3=Jihene|last4=Alaya|first4=Nissaf Ben|last5=Boukthir|first5=Aicha|last6=Ahmadi|first6=Zaher E.|last7=Salah|first7=Afif Ben|date=May 2012|editor-last=Ozcel|editor-first=Mehmet Ali|title=Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=6|issue=5|article-number=e1633|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001633|pmid=22563513|pmc=3341328 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Mafi yawancin ayyukan gwamnati na daidaitawa sun mayar da hankali ne a kan fannin samar da ruwa, misali ta hanyar kawar da gishirin ruwan teku (desalination), canja wurin ruwa tsakanin kwaruruka da kuma ginin madatsun ruwa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sowers |first1=Jeannie |last2=Vengosh |first2=Avner |last3=Weinthal |first3=Erika |title=Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa |journal=Climatic Change |date=February 2011 |volume=104 |issue=3–4 |pages=599–627 |doi=10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4 |bibcode=2011ClCh..104..599S |hdl=10161/6460 |s2cid=37329318 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An kuma lura cewa hijira tana zama wata hanya ta daidaitawa ga daidaikun mutane da gidaje a arewacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scheffran |first1=Jürgen |last2=Marmer |first2=Elina |last3=Sow |first3=Papa |title=Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa |journal=Applied Geography |date=April 2012 |volume=33 |pages=119–127 |doi=10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002 |bibcode=2012AppGe..33..119S }}</ref> Kamar yankuna da dama, duk da haka, misalan ayyukan daidaitawa na zahiri (sabanin niyyar yin aiki, ko kimanta fuskantar barazana) daga Arewacin Afirka suna da iyaka – wani bincike mai zurfi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2011 === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Yammacin Afirka === Samun ruwa babban hadari ne na musamman a Yammacin Afirka, inda munanan abubuwan da ke faruwa kamar fari ke haifar da rikice-rikicen bil'adama da ke da alaka da lokutan yunwa, karancin abinci, raba mutane da muhallansu, hijira gami da rikici da rashin tsaro. Dabarun daidaitawa za su iya kasancewa na muhalli, na al'ada/na fannin noma (agronomic) da kuma na tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shaibu |first1=M. T. |last2=Alhassan |first2=S. I. |last3=Panyan |first3=E. K. |last4=Avornyo |first4=F. K. |last5=Konlan |first5=S. P. |last6=Salifu |first6=S. |title=An Assessment of Institutional Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta River Basin of Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=27–40 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182464 }}</ref> Dabarun daidaitawa suna bayyana fili a fannin aikin noma, inda wasu daga cikinsu bincike na yau da kullum ko tashoshin gwaji suka samar ko suka inganta su.<ref name=":6r">{{Cite journal |last1=Kuwornu |first1=John K. M. |last2=Al-Hassan |first2=Ramatu M. |last3=Etwire |first3=Prince Maxwell |last4=Osei-Owusu |first4=Yaw |date=2013 |title=Adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability: Evidence from northern Ghana |journal=Information Management and Business Review |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=233–239 |doi=10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen aikin noma na gargajiya da aka lura da su a arewacin Ghana sun shafi amfanin gona, kasa, ko kuma sun shafi ayyukan al'adu.<ref name=":6r" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alhassan |first1=S. I. |last2=Shaibu |first2=M. T. |last3=Kuwornu |first3=J. K. M. |last4=Damba |first4=O. T. |title=Factors Influencing Farmers' Awareness and Choice of Indigenous Practices in Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=1–13 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182462 }}</ref> Daidaitawar aikin noma na dogaro da dabbobi sun hada da dabarun gargajiya kamar daidaita yawan abincin da ake ba dabbobi, adana isasshen abinci a lokacin wadata don ciyar da dabbobi a lokacin rani, warkar da raunuka da maganin da aka yi da bawon wasu bishiyoyi, da kuma rike nau'ikan dabbobi na gida wadanda riga suka saba da yanayin arewacin Ghana;<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Perceptions and Determinants of the Adoption of Indigenous Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Smallholder Livestock Farmers, North-West Ghana |editor= Kuwornu, J. K. M. |title=Climate Change in Sub-saharan Africa: The vulnerability and adaptation of food supply chains actors |author1=Shaibu, M. T. |author2=Alhassan, I. S. |author3=Avornyo, F. K. |author4=Lawson, E. T. |author5=Mensah, A. |author6=Gordon, C.|publisher=Vernon Press|year=2019|pages=223–240}}</ref> da fasahoyin samar da dabbobi da suka hada da kiwo, lafiya, abinci/mai gina jiki, da kuma wurin kwana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/4/v8180t/v8180t0y.htm|title=A classification of livestock production systems|website=www.fao.org|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Zabi da kuma amfani da dabarun daidaitawa sun dogara ne a matakai daban-daban a kan abubuwan da suka shafi alkaluman jama'a (demographic factors) kamar girman iyali, shekaru, jinsi, da ilimin shugaban iyali; abubuwan tattalin arziki kamar tushen kudin shiga; girman gona; ilimi game da zabukan daidaitawa; da kuma tsammanin abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Apata, T. G.|date=2011|title=Factors influencing the perception and choice of adaptation measures to climate change among farmers in Nigeria. Evidence from farm households in Southwest Nigeria|journal=Environmental Economics|volume=2|issue=4|pages=74–83}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Gabashin Afirka === A Gabashin Afirka zabukan daidaitawa sun bambanta, ciki har da inganta amfani da bayanan yanayi, ayyuka a fannin aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, da kuma fannin albarkatun ruwa. Yin amfani da ingantattun bayanan yanayi da na sararin samaniya, hasashen yanayi, da sauran kayan aikin gudanarwa yana ba da damar samun bayanai akan lokaci da kuma shirye-shiryen mutane a fannoni kamar aikin noma da ke dogaro da yanayi. Wannan yana nufin kwarewa a kan bayanan ruwa da yanayi (hydro-meteorological information) da tsarin gargadi na dauri.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=John|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/weather-and-climate-systems---africa.html|title=A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa|date=28 October 2016|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> An bayyana cewa al'ummomin gargajiya suna da ilimi a kan canje-canjen yanayi na tarihi ta hanyar alamun muhalli (misali bayyana da kuma hijirar wasu tsuntsaye, malam buɗe-littafi da sauransu), don haka inganta ilimin gargajiya an dauke shi a matsayin muhimmiyar dabarar daidaitawa. Daidaitawa a fannin aikin noma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-sector/agriculture-sectors-crop-naics-111-and-animal-naics-112|title=Agriculture Sectors: Crop (NAICS 111) and Animal (NAICS 112)|date=22 February 2013}}</ref> ya kunshi kara amfani da taki na takin gargajiya da taki na musamman don amfanin gona, amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona masu juriya da kuma amfanin gona masu nuna da wuri. Taki na gargajiya, musamman takin dabbobi, ana tunanin yana rike da ruwa kuma yana da kwayoyin cuta (microbes) masu mahimmanci wadanda ke fasa abubuwan gina jiki don samar da su ga tsirrai, idan aka kwatanta da takin zamani wanda ke da sinadarai wadanda lokacin da aka sake su ga muhalli saboda yawan amfani da su ke fitar da iskar gas mai dumama yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biological Manipulation of Manure: Getting What You Want from Animal Manure|url=https://extension.psu.edu/biological-manipulation-of-manure-getting-what-you-want-from-animal-manure|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Penn State Extension|language=en}}</ref> babban rauni daya na fannin aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka shi ne dogaro da aikin noma na ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Hengsdijk |first1=H. |last2=Smit |first2=A. a. M. F. R. |last3=Conijn |first3=J. G. |last4=Rutgers |first4=B. |last5=Biemans |first5=H. |title=Agricultural crop potentials and water use in East Africa |date=2014 |publisher=Plant Research International |oclc=880257653 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref> Mafita ta daidaitawa ita ce ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa da ingantaccen tsarin adana ruwa da amfani da shi. Noman ban ruwa na digo (drip irrigation) an gano shi musamman a matsayin wani zabi mai kiyaye ruwa domin yana tura ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen shuka tare da karancin barna. Kasashe kamar Rwanda da Kenya sun ba da fifiko wajen samar da wuraren ban ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ruwa na magudanar juriya daga koramu da koguna na din-din-din a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar fari mai tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Republic of Rwanda|title=NAPA-RWANDA|url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf}}</ref> Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai karfi, yankuna da dama suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon filaye marasa gashi saboda sare bishiyoyi da karancin ciyayi a kasa. Dabarun daidaitawa da aka duba don wannan shi ne inganta kokarin kiyaye kariya ga kasa, ta hanyar dasa bishiyoyi na gida, kare wuraren dake rike da ruwa da kuma gudanar da filayen kiwo ta hanyar rarraba shiyyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Abuya|first1=Robina|last2=Said|first2=Mohammed|last3=Atela|first3=Joanes|last4=Muhwanga|first4=Joseph|last5=Moiko|first5=Stephen|last6=Atieno|first6=Fred|last7=Ndiritu|first7=Simon|year=2019|title=Contexualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Ga fannin kiwon dabbobi, zabukan daidaitawa sun kunshi gudanar da samarwa ta hanyar dorewar gudanar da kasa da makiyaya a cikin tsarin muhalli. Wannan ya kunshi inganta hanyoyin samar da ciyawa da abincin dabbobi misali ta hanyar ban ruwa da amfani da ruwan da aka tace daga kazanta, da kuma mayar da hankali kan zuba jari wajen adana ciyawa don amfani da ita a lokacin rani. Kula da dabbobi ana daukarsa ne a matsayin hanyar rayuwa maimakon aikin tattalin arziki. A duk fadin kasashen Gabashin Afirka musamman a yankunan busassun filaye (ASALs), an bayyana cewa inganta sayar da dabbobi a matsayin kasuwanci wani zabi ne na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Economy Analysis of Kenya's Livestock Sector (Abridged Version)|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Wannan ya kunshi amfani da tsarin tattalin arziki wajen samar da abincin dabbobi, gano asalin dabbobi, inganta bukatar kayayyakin dabbobi kamar nama, madara da fata da kuma hadawa da kasuwanni na musamman don inganta kasuwanci da samar da kudin shiga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya Meat End-Market Trends Study|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104612/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> A fannin albarkatun ruwa, zabukan sun hada da ingantaccen amfani da ruwa ga gidaje, dabbobi da amfani na masana'antu da kuma kare hanyoyin samun ruwa. Kamfen kamar dasa bishiyoyi na gida a wuraren da ke rike da ruwa, sarrafa ayyukan bil'adama kusa da wuraren rike da ruwa musamman aikin noma da matsugunai an gudanar da su don taimakawa wajen kare albarkatun ruwa da kuma samar da damar samun ruwa ga al'ummomi musamman lokacin matsalolin yanayi. '''Kwamoras''' – "NAPA ita ce fadada aiki na Takardar Dabarun Rage Talauci (PRSP), domin ta kunshi a cikin abubuwan da ta sanya a gaba na daidaitawa, aikin noma, kamun kifi, ruwa, gidaje, lafiya, har ma da yawon bude ido, ta hanyar da ba kai tsaye ba, ta hanyar sake gina gangaren kwatami da yaki da zaftarewar kasa, don haka kiyaye duwatsun karkashin teku ta hanyar takaita tabo da ke fitowa daga kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Action Programme of Adaptation to climate change (NAPA)|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/files/8507_com01e.pdf}}</ref>" '''Kenya''' ta kafa Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta shekarar 2016 wadda ta kafa hukuma don kula da ci gaba, gudanarwa, aiwatarwa da kuma tsara hanyoyin inganta juriya ga canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai karancin carbon don ci gaba mai dorewa, ta hanyar Gwamnatocin Kasa da na Sassa (Counties), kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyin farar hula, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki. Kenya ta kuma samar da Tsarin Aikin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCAP 2018–2022 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223062046/http://www.kcckp.go.ke/nccap-ii-2018-2022/ |date=23 December 2019 }}''')''' wanda ke da nufin ci gaba da manufofin ci gaban kasar ta hanyar samar da hanyoyi da matakai don cimma ci gaba mai juriya ga yanayi mai karancin carbon a hanyar da ta ba da fifiko ga daidaitawa. === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Tsakiyar Afirka === '''Angola''' – "Manufar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ita ce gano tare da isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take game da daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, don kara juriya ga Angola ga sauyin yanayi da canjin yanayi don tabbatar da nasarar shirye-shiryen rage talauci, manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa da kuma Manufofin Ci Gaban Karni da Gwamnati ke bi."<ref>{{citation |title=Analysis of Human Rights Language in the Cancun Agreements UNFCCC 16th Session of the Conference of the Parties|doi=10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Kudancin Afirka === An gudanar da tsare-tsare da dama a matakin gida (takamaiman wurare), matakin kasa da na shiyya da nufin karfafa juriya ga canjin yanayi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da: Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Shiyya (RCCP),<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Climate Change Programme, Southern Africa|website=OneWorld|url=https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044011/https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> SASSCAL,<ref>{{cite web|title=SASSCAL – Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management|url=http://www.sasscal.org/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> ASSAR,<ref>{{cite web|title=Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions|url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/|access-date=8 August 2019|website=www.assar.uct.ac.za}}</ref> Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi na UNDP,<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Africa |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa|access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131738/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa |archive-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> RESILIM,<ref>{{cite book|title=Risk, Vulnerability & Resilience in the Limpopo River basin: Climate Change, water and biodiversity – a synthesis|publisher=OneWorld|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Resilience in the Limpopo Basin (RESILIM) Program|publisher=Chemonics International Inc|year=2017}}</ref> FRACTAL.<ref>{{cite web|title=FRACTAL — Future Resilience for African CiTies And Lands|url=http://www.fractal.org.za/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta aiwatar da Babban Shirin Bincike na Hanyoyin Daidaitawa na Dogon Lokaci (LTAS) daga watan Afrilu 2012 zuwa Yuni 2014. Wannan binciken ya kuma samar da takardun gaskiya da rahoton fasaha da ya shafi yankin SADC mai taken "Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for the Southern African Development Community (SADC)".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|title=Climate change adaptation: Southern African Development Community (SADC)|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013002/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Madagascar''' – fannonin da aka ba wa fifiko don daidaitawa sune: aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, gandun daji, lafiyar jama'a, albarkatun ruwa da yankunan gabar teku.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar|url=http://www.ldc-climate.org/country/madagascar/|website=LDC Climate Change |date=6 January 2018 }}</ref> '''Malawi''' – NAPA ta gano abubuwa masu zuwa a matsayin ayyuka mafi fifiko don daidaitawa: "Inganta juriyar al'umma ga canjin yanayi ta hanyar samar da dorewar hanyoyin rayuwa a karkara, Maido da gandun daji a Upper da Lower Shire Valleys don rage daskarewar kasa da matsalolin kwararar ruwa da ke tattare da hakan, Inganta ayyukan gona a karkashin ruwan sama mara tabbas da sauye-sauyen yanayi, Inganta shirin Malawi don fuskantar fari da ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma Inganta sanya idanu kan yanayi don bunkasa karfin gargadin dauri na Malawi da yanke shawara da kuma dorewar amfani da albarkatun Tafkin Malawi da yankunan gabar tafkin<ref>{{Cite web|title=REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. MALAWI'S NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION (NAPA) ..|url=http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mwi01.pdf}}</ref>". Kuma a cewar Rahoton Yanayi da Ci Gaban Kasa (CCDR) na Bankin Duniya na Malawi, kasar za ta iya "daukar matakai don kaddamar da zuba jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa masu juriya ga yanayi da kuma dakatar da lalacewar kasa da asarar gandun daji don inganta yawan aikin gona da kama carbon" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Climate-Informed Economic Development Key to Malawi's Future Growth and Resilience |website=World Bank |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/27/climate-informed-economic-development-key-to-malawi-s-future-growth-and-resilience}}</ref>" '''Mauritius''' – yakamata daidaitawa ta mayar da hankali kan fannoni masu fifiko kamar haka: albarkatun gabar teku, aikin noma, albarkatun ruwa, kamun kifi, lafiya da jin dadin rayuwa, canjin amfanin kasa da gandun daji da kuma rayuwun halittu daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritius |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|date=27 November 2018 |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/mauritius|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Mozambique''' – "Tsare-tsaren daidaitawa da aka gabatar sun shafi fannoni daban-daban na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan da suka shafi rage tasirin bala'o'i, samar da matakan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, yaki da zaftarewar kasa a yankunan da ke da matsananciyar kwararar hamada da yankunan gabar teku, dasa bishiyoyi da kuma gudanar da albarkatun ruwa."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) |website=Climate and Development Learning Platform|url=https://www.climatelearningplatform.org/mozambique-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref>" '''Rwanda''' ta samar da Shirin Aiki na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPA 2006) wanda ke dauke da bayanai don jagorantar masu tsara manufofi na kasa da masu tsara shirye-shirye a kan matsaloli masu fifiko da daidaitawa a fannonin tattalin arziki masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=January 2012|journal=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207011141/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasar ta kuma samar da manufofi na sassa daban-daban kan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi kamar Vision 2020, Manufar Muhalli ta Kasa da Manufar Aikin Noma da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ochieng|first1=Cosmas|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda's Agricultural Sector: A Case Study from Kirehe District, Eastern Province|last2=Khaemba|first2=Winnie|last3=Mwaniki|first3=Ruchathi|last4=Kimotho|first4=Stephen|date=September 2017|publisher=Defending the Voiceless - Climate and Environmental Justice in Africa}}</ref> '''Tanzania''' – Tanzania ta bayyana matakan daidaitawa masu fifiko a cikin NAPA dakarunta, da dabarun sassa na kasa daban-daban da kuma sakamakon bincike.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|journal=USAID|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2021-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231235521/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> NAPA ta yi nasarar karfafa sanya batun canjin yanayi a cikin manufofin sassa a Tanzania; sai dai kuma, hadin gwiwar sassa daban-daban da ke da muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da dabarun daidaitawa ya kasance mai iyaka saboda kalubalen hukumomi kamar rashin daidaiton iko, karancin kasafi da kuma tsarin tsuke fuska na sassa.<ref name="date" /> Mafi yawancin ayyukan a Tanzania sun shafi aikin noma da gudanar da albarkatun ruwa (ban ruwa, kiyaye ruwa, taran ruwan sama); sai dai kuma, makamashi da yawon bude ido su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Republic of Tanzania |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url= https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Zambia''' – "NAPA ta gano bukatun gaggawa na daidaitawa guda 39 da kuma fannoni guda 10 masu fifiko a cikin sassan aikin noma da samar da abinci (kiwon dabbobi, kamun kifi da amfanin gona), makamashi da ruwa, lafiyar bil'adama, albarkatun kasa da namun daji."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (Zambia) |website=The REDD Desk|url=http://www.theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia|access-date=2019-08-08 |archive-date=2019-08-29|url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829030222/http://theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia}}</ref> '''Zimbabwe''' – "Sauran matakan dabarun da tsarin NAP zai dauka sune: Karfafa rawar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke takawa wajen tsara daidaitawa, Habaka karfin Gwamnati na samar da ayyukan da bankuna za su iya ba da kudi ta hanyar horarwa, Inganta gudanar da bayanan baya na yanayi don sanar da tsara canjin yanayi, Tsara dabarun tattara albarkatu na gaba don gano asali da neman kudaden tallafin yanayi na kasa da kasa tunda bukatar kudi a halin yanzu ta kasance mafi yawanci bayan abu ya faru, tare da mayar da hankali kan agajin gaggawa maimakon rage hadarin canjin yanayi, shiri da daidaitawa, Samar da daidaitaccen tsarin sa ido da manufofin kimantawa ga shirye-shirye da ayyuka, tunda hukumomi da dama a cikin gwamnati ba su da tsari na bai-daya na sa ido da kimantawa a halin yanzu."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Roadmap for Zimbabwe|url=http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/napgn-en-2019-nap-roadmap-for-zimbabwe.pdf |website=NAP Global Network |date=April 2019}}</ref> '''Lesotho''' – "Babban burin tsarin NAPA sun kunshi: gano al'ummomi da hanyoyin rayuwa da suka fi fuskantar barazana ga canjin yanayi, samar da jerin ayyukan da za su samar da tushen shirin aiki na kasa na karba-da-daidaitawa, da kuma isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take da kuma abubuwan da suka sa gaba domin gina karfin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|title=Lesotho's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change|accessdate=4 August 2024|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006210644/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>" '''Namibia''' – muhimman batutuwa na daidaitawa sune "Samar da abinci da dorewar tushen albarkatun halittu, Dorewar tushen albarkatun ruwa, Lafiyar bil'adama da jin dadin rayuwa gami da bunkasa ababen more rayuwa."<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011 |title=Youth Files Climate Case with India's Environmental Court |oclc=1312587857 |date=2017 |publisher=Our Children's Trust }}</ref> '''Afirka ta Kudu''' ta amince a watan Agusta 2020 da Dabarunta na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi, wanda "ke aiki a matasayin tattaunawa ta bai-daya don kokarin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma yana samar da tsari inda za a iya bayyana manufofin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasa don samar da jagoranci ga dukkan sassan tattalin arziki."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved |url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/mediarelease/nationalclimatechange_adaptationstrategy_ue10november19 |website=Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries}}</ref>" == Ilimin gargajiya da sabbin dabarun cikin gida == Yayin da manyan shirye-shiryen gwamnati da asusun kasa da kasa ke tafiyar da manyan manufofin sauyin yanayi, al'ummomin yau da kullum a fadin Afirka sun dogara kacokan ga ilimin yanayin kasa na gargajiya (TEK) domin tsira<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref>. Wannan wani sashi ne na fahimta, fasaha, da falsafar da al'ummomin gida suka bunkasa danyen daruruwan shekaru ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye da dabi'a. Wadannan ayyuka da aka gwada cikin lokaci suna ba mutane hanyoyi masu amfani na cikin gida don hango yanayi, adana ruwa, da kuma kiyaye aikin gona da rai duk da sauyin yanayi. === Hasashen yanayi na gargajiya === Tun kafin zuwan wayoyin salula da manhajojin yanayi na zamani, al'ummomin manoma da makiyaya na karkara sun yi amfani da nasu hanyoyin na hango yanayi. Masana na cikin gida suna lura da alamun dabi'a da kyau don hango fari ko mamakon ruwan sama, kamar: * Hanyoyin hijira na ba-zata na tsuntsayen gida. * Takamaiman lokaci na shekara da wasu bishiyoyi ke fara fure. * Sauye-sauyen jagorancin iska da bayyanar taurari da daddare. Alal misali, kungiyoyin makiyaya a Gabashin Afirka suna kallon yadda dabbobinsu ke nuna hali sannan suna bin diddigin zirga-zirgar namun daji don yanke shawarar hanyoyin da za su bi, domin tabbatar da cewa dabbobinsu sun sami ruwa da ciyawa a lokacin fari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alemayehu |first1=Dejene |last2=Hizkeal |first2=Yitebarek |date=2022-06-30 |title=The Relevance and Practices of Indigenous Weather Forecasting Knowledge among the Gabra Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia |url=https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/12295 |journal=Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=59–76 |doi=10.36253/jaeid-12295 |issn=2240-2802}}</ref> A yau, masana kimiyya suna fahimtar cewa hada wadannan alamun gargajiya da kimiyyar yanayi na zamani yana haifar da gargaɗin da manoman gida ke amincewa da shi kuma suke amfani da shi. === Dabarun adana kasa da ruwa === A yankunan da ke fuskantar fadada kwararar hamada da ruwan sama maras tabbas, al'ummomi sun dawo da dabarun sarrafa filaye na da can masu dabarun gaske.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Salack |first1=Seyni |last2=Sanfo |first2=Safiétou |last3=Sidibe |first3=Moussa |last4=Daku |first4=Elidaa K. |last5=Camara |first5=Ibrahima |last6=Dieng |first6=Mame Diarra Bousso |last7=Hien |first7=Koufanou |last8=Torou |first8=Bio Mohamadou |last9=Ogunjobi |first9=Kehinde O. |last10=Sangare |first10=Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B. |last11=Kouame |first11=Konan Raoul |last12=Koffi |first12=Yao Bernard |last13=Liersch |first13=Stefan |last14=Savadogo |first14=Moumini |last15=Giannini |first15=Alessandra |date=2022-10-25 |title=Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=17898 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9596419 |pmid=36284114 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1217898S }}</ref> A yankin Sahel, musamman a Burkina Faso da Nijar, manoma suna amfani da tsohuwar dabarar hakar kasa da ake kira '''Zaï'''<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=L. Woomer |first1=Paul |title=Blending Climate Action and Rural Development in Africa's Sahel |date=2023-03-29 |work=Sustainable Rural Development Perspective and Global Challenges |editor-last=Özçatalbaş |editor-first=Orhan |url=https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81496 |access-date=2026-06-06 |publisher=IntechOpen |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.103817 |isbn=978-1-80355-420-4 |last2=Roobroeck |first2=Dries |last3=Yelognisse Alia |first3=Didier}}</ref> Maimakon yin huda a fili madaidanci, manoma suna gina ramuka masu zurfi a cikin kasa mai tauraro sannan su cika kasan da abubuwan gina jiki na dabi'a kamar takin gargajiya (takin dabba). Wannan tsari mai dabarun gaske yana yin abubuwa guda biyu: yana kama kowane digo na ruwan sama da ba a cika samunsa ba, sannan takin yana janyo gara, wadanda ke hakar rami a karkashin kasa da ke sanyaya kasar da ke da tauraro ta dabi'a domin saiwar shuka ta iya girma.<ref name=":2" /> Manoma kuma suna gina ganyayen duwatsu wadangan katanga ne na duwatsu marasa tsawo da ake jerawa a kan magudanar ruwa na dabi'a na tuddansu. Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama na ba-zata kuma mai karfi, wadannan layukan duwatsu suna rage gudu ga ruwan da ke gudu da karfi, suna hana shi wanke saman kasa mai kyau da ke dauke da abinci sannan suna ba ruwan lokacin da zai taba cikin kasa.<ref name=":1" /> A kudanci da gabashin Afirka, al'ummomi suna amfani da dabarun aikin gona na dabi'a tare da bishiyoyi ta hanyar ajiye takamaiman bishiyoyi, kamar Faidherbia albida, daidai a cikin gonakin amfanin gona. Wadannan bishiyoyi suna zubar da ganye a lokacin damina sannan su fito da su a lokacin rani, ma'ana ba sa toshe hasken rana daga samun amfanin gona; maimakon haka, suna kara abinci ga kasa ta dabi'a kuma suna rage yanayin zafi na kasa lokacin tsananin zafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haskett |first1=Jonathan D. |last2=Simane |first2=Belay |last3=Smith |first3=Caitlin |date=2019-11-01 |title=Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Benefits of Faidherbia albida Agroforestry in Ethiopia |journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science |volume=7 |article-number=146 |doi=10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019FrEnS...7..146H |issn=2296-665X}}</ref> === Banbancen amfanin gona da adana iri === Domin tabbatar da cewa ba su rasa dukkan abincinsu ba a lokacin dogon fari, manoman gida suna aiki kamar nasu masana kimiyya ta hanyar adana irin amfanin gona na gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aniah |first1=Philip |last2=Kaunza-Nu-Dem |first2=Millar Katherine |last3=Ayembilla |first3=Joseph A. |date=April 2019 |title=Smallholder farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate variability and ecological changes in the savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |language=en |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=e01492 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492 |doi-access=free |pmc=6479268 |pmid=31049426 |bibcode=2019Heliy...501492A }}</ref> Irin amfanin gona na kasuwanci na zamani galibi suna buƙatar cikakken adadin ruwa da takin zamani masu tsada don su tsira. Sabanin haka, amfanin gona na gargajiya kamar geryo, dawa, da rari sun saba danyen daruruwan shekaru don jure fari da kwari ta dabi'a. Al'ummomi suna gudanar da bankunan adana iri na cikin gida don raba wadannan ire-iren amfanin gona masu juriya da juna ta yadda kowa zai kasance yana da amfanin gona da ya dace da sauyin yanayin gidansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> Suna kuma yin aikin hada shuka (intercropping), wato nufin dasa amfanin gona daban-daban daidai kusa da juna, kamar masara da wake.<ref name=":1" /> Waken mai ganye yana sanyaya kasar don kiyaye damshinta, yana tabbatar da cewa ko da masarar ta mutu saboda zafi, iyalai har yanzu suna da madadin amfanin gona da zasu girbe. == Al'umma da al'ada == === Rashin daidaito a binciken sauyin yanayi === Duk da cewa Afirka na daya daga cikin nahiyoyin da sauyin yanayi zai fi shafa, rashin daidaito na tsari da sauran son kai da ke da alaka da binciken kimiyya da tallafi na nufin cewa kadan ne kawai daga cikin kimiyyar da aka wallafa game da sauyin yanayi da tallafin binciken sauyin yanayi ke zuwa ga masana kimiyyar Afirka.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2021|title=Analysis: The lack of diversity in climate-science research|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Carbon Brief|language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan kudaden bincike daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2020 na sauyin yanayi, ya gano cewa kashi 78% na kudaden bincike kan sauyin yanayi a Afirka an kashe su ne a cibiyoyin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, kuma an kashe kudade da dama ga tsoffin kasashen da Burtaniya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka fiye da sauran kasashe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Overland |first1=Indra |last2=Fossum Sagbakken |first2=Haakon |last3=Isataeva |first3=Aidai |last4=Kolodzinskaia |first4=Galina |last5=Simpson |first5=Nicholas Philip |last6=Trisos |first6=Christopher |last7=Vakulchuk |first7=Roman |title=Funding flows for climate change research on Africa: where do they come from and where do they go? |journal=Climate and Development |date=14 September 2022 |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=705–724 |doi=10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609 |s2cid=244210557 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CliDe..14..705O |hdl=11250/2832233 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Wannan tsari na parachute science (binciken saukar lafima), a daya bangaren yana hana masu bincike na cikin gida gudanar da ayyuka masu muhimmanci saboda ba su da tallafin kudi na gudanar da bincike na gwaje-gwaje, sannan yana rage zuba jari ga dabarun masu bincike na cikin gida da kuma batutuwa masu muhimmanci ga kasashen Kudancin Duniya (Global South), kamar dabarun juriya da sauyin yanayi.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021" /> Kimanin dorewar ci gaba na gaskiya yana da wahala saboda rashin tsarin zuba jari mai dorewa, da kuma karancin bayanai da iyakancewar damar gudanarwa. A halin yanzu, kasa da rabin manyan asusun fansho na Afirka ne ke bayar da rahoton bayanai kan manufofin dorewa da yadda ake aiwatar da su.<ref>{{cite book |author1=European Investment Bank |title=Unlocking Sustainable Private Sector Growth in the Middle East and North Africa |date=2022 |isbn=978-92-861-5220-7 |hdl=20.500.12657/57821 |doi=10.1596/37601 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |s2cid=250211092 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref><ref name="EIB-2023"/> Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kasuwanci da Ci gaba - Ma'aikatan Kasa da Kasa na Kididdiga da Rahoto (UNCTAD-ISAR) ta kafa Kungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Yankin Afirka don Dorewa da Rahoton SDG a shekarar 2022. Hadin gwiwar yana da mambobi 53 ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2023, ciki har da cibiyoyin sadarwa na kasa na nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan kamfanoni ga al'umma da/ko ma'aikatun gwamnati daga kasashen Afirka 27.<ref name="EIB-2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=African Regional Partnership meeting on sustainability and SDG reporting |website=UN Trade and Development |url=https://unctad.org/isar/meeting/african-regional-partnership-meeting-sustainability-and-sdg-reporting |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNCTAD ANNUAL REPORT 2022 |url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/osg2023d1_en.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Mahaɗu == {{Commons category|Climate change in Africa}} * [https://futureclimateafrica.org/ Future Climate For Africa programme] * [https://www.uneca.org/acpc African Climate Policy Centre] (ACCP) goal is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiations. * [https://www.amma2050.org/ African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis 2050] (AMMA-2050) aim to address the challenges of understanding how the monsoon will change in future decades, to 2050, and how this information can be most effectively used to support climate-compatible development in the region. * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161113010948/http://cariaa.net/home-0 Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia]}} (CARIAA) builds resilience by supporting collaborative research on climate change adaptation to inform adaptation policy and practice. * [https://wascal.org/ West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use] (WASCAL) is a research-focused Climate Service Centre designed to help tackle this challenge and thereby enhance the resilience of human and environmental systems to climate change and increased variability in West Africa. 690n6e0101xqq83ocgsyqwl17amqdej Carceda 0 18732 891488 443447 2026-08-04T21:22:49Z Baffa ali 47435 891488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Carceda''' tana ɗaya daga cikin majami'u 54 a cikin Cangas del Narcea, ta kasan ce kuma wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin kuma tana da ikon mallakar Asturias, a arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Ta kasancewa a yaki na lokaci UTC+01:00 . == Kauyuka == * Carceda * Castrusín * Viescas * Viḷḷaḷḷaz {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 4301p87q3o2dpbe92fozm783bdngist Al-Shamsiyah 0 18914 891618 443504 2026-08-05T08:20:22Z Baffa ali 47435 891618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Al-Shamsiyah''' ( {{Lang-ar|الشمسية}} ) wani ƙauye ne na [[Siriya]] wanda ke cikin Masyaf Subdistrict a Masyaf District, wanda ke yamma da Hama . A cewar Hukumar Kula da Kididdiga ta Siriya (CBS), al-Shamsiyah tana da yawan jama'a kimani mutum 1,452 a kidayar shekara ta 2004. District of syria masyyaf . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Garuruwa]] [[Category:Birane]] [[Category:Garuruwan Asiya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] puveczne7l8umji25daclavjv3w8c6x Fubara Manilla Pepple 0 20211 891460 450297 2026-08-04T20:13:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fubara Manilla Pepple''' Shine wanda aka fi sani da '''Fubara I Agbaa Pepple na Biyu (||)'''. Mai sarautar gargajiya ne a Nigeria. Shine sarkin al'ummar  Bonny daga shekarar 1754 zuwa 1792.<ref>https://kristinareports.net/history-made-as-fubara-manilla-pepple-house-crowns-new-chief-and-head-of-house/</ref> == Mutuwa == Fubara ya mutu a shekarar 1792. Sannan a wannan shekarar Opubo ya gaje shi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thenewswriterng.com/2015/12/17/jonathan-t-banigo-is-not-chief-and-head-of-banigo-major-house-bonny-chief-elect-ibaningo/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-05-20 |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520161131/http://www.thenewswriterng.com/2015/12/17/jonathan-t-banigo-is-not-chief-and-head-of-banigo-major-house-bonny-chief-elect-ibaningo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Mutuwan 1979]] pyoxytynuq5inft8ls23qri7s6q5g0u Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci 4 21908 891514 891103 2026-08-04T21:27:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 891514 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Поль Крол Злой Диктатор]] |[[Special:Contributions/Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 31 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Galaxybeing|Galaxybeing]] |[[Special:Contributions/Galaxybeing|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |3 |[[User:ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|ZionistischeSauterParamilitar]] |[[Special:Contributions/ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Mravljinčar|Mravljinčar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mravljinčar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Vice President of Guinea|Vice President of Guinea]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vice President of Guinea|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |6 |[[User:श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|श्याम सुन्दर पटेल]] |[[Special:Contributions/श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|Gudummuwa]] 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|[[Special:Contributions/Ramiro370|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |66 |[[User:Amin fayez|Amin fayez]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amin fayez|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |67 |[[User:Jan.sika|Jan.sika]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jan.sika|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |68 |[[User:Seljuki|Seljuki]] |[[Special:Contributions/Seljuki|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |69 |[[User:Rose11223344|Rose11223344]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rose11223344|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |70 |[[User:Banal serf|Banal serf]] |[[Special:Contributions/Banal serf|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |71 |[[User:Hmd gsm|Hmd gsm]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hmd gsm|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |72 |[[User:TTL GS|TTL GS]] |[[Special:Contributions/TTL GS|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Logjohn|Logjohn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Logjohn|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |74 |[[User:Babylon77|Babylon77]] |[[Special:Contributions/Babylon77|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |75 |[[User:Hazzleraflet|Hazzleraflet]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hazzleraflet|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |76 |[[User:ImZayd|ImZayd]] |[[Special:Contributions/ImZayd|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |77 |[[User:TakisA1|TakisA1]] |[[Special:Contributions/TakisA1|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |78 |[[User:Hafizthescarfaceai|Hafizthescarfaceai]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hafizthescarfaceai|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |79 |[[User:Calico1903|Calico1903]] |[[Special:Contributions/Calico1903|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |80 |[[User:Abu Sadeeq77|Abu Sadeeq77]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abu Sadeeq77|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 4 ga Augusta 2026 |- |} 64l9206comzgp8imatau5da0mcj6nsk Farkon Ƴancin Ɗan Adam 0 22101 891393 709796 2026-08-04T16:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farkon 'Yancin Dan Adam''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Kwamitin Lauyoyi na Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Kasa da Kasa''' <ref>IRS Form 1023 Application for Recognition of Exemption. (1982). [https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/uploads/pdfs/annualreport/human-rights-first-form-1023.pdf Human Rights First website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015185006/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/uploads/pdfs/annualreport/human-rights-first-form-1023.pdf |date=2016-10-15 }} Retrieved 2 December 2018.</ref> ) kungiya ce da ba ta siyasa ba, 501 (c) (3), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa da ke [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] da Washington, DC <ref>[https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/about About Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724231443/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/about |date=2021-07-24 }}, humanrightsfirst.org</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ƴancin Dan Adam ya fara kamfen ""arshen Azabtarwa Yanzu".<ref>IRS Form 1023 Application for Recognition of Exemption. (1982). [https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/uploads/pdfs/annualreport/human-rights-first-form-1023.pdf Human Rights First website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015185006/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/uploads/pdfs/annualreport/human-rights-first-form-1023.pdf |date=2016-10-15 }} Retrieved 2 December 2018.</ref>)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights First|url=https://www.charitywatch.org/charities/human-rights-first|access-date=2021-04-21|website=www.charitywatch.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/about About Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724231443/https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/about |date=2021-07-24 }}, humanrightsfirst.org</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Human Rights First Leader to Speak|url=https://today.duke.edu/node/112920|access-date=2021-04-23|website=today.duke.edu|language=en}}</ref> == yan kwamitin gudanarwa == Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta farko tana karkashin jagorancin mambobin kwamitin gudanarwa waɗanda suka haɗa da membobi guda 73, gami da Kwamitin 30an Adam na mutum guda 30 da kuma Kwamitin Emeritus na mutum guda 12. Membobin kwamitin sun hada da: * Mona Sutphen, Babban Mashawarci a Vungiyar Vistria * Matthew G. Olsen, Babban Jami'in Tsaro a [[Uber]] * Jay Carney, shugaban hulda da jama'a a Amazon * Sarah Cleveland , farfesa a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kwalejin 'Yan Adam da Tsarin Mulki * Kerry Kennedy, Shugaban RFK na Hakkin Dan-Adam * Robert A. Mandell, tsohon Ambasada a Luxembourg ; Shugaba & Shugaba na Babban Gidaje, Inc. (Ret. ) * Alberto J. Mora, Babban Jami'i a Cibiyar Carr ta Manufofin 'Yancin Dan Adam ; Babban jami'in shari'a a Harvard ; Mars, Inc. (Ret. ) * Nazanin Rafsanjani, tsohon shugaban Sabuwar Nunin Cigaba a Gimlet Media da Spotify == Pro Bono Wakilcin Doka ga Masu Neman Mafaka == Shirin wakilcin shari'a na farko na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya yi dai-dai da lauyoyi masu kyau da masu neman mafakar da ke bukatar taimako kuma da ba haka ba za su iya samun wakilcin shari'a mai inganci ba. Ƙungiyar tana taimaka wa masu neman mafakar da ke zaune a cikin mafi girma [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], New York City, [[Los Angeles]], da Houston manyan biranen da ba su da wakilcin doka, ba za su iya ɗaukar lauya ba, sannan kuma suna buƙatar taimako tare da da'awar neman mafaka ko wata hanyar kariya. na matsayin shige da fice. Ofisoshin kungiyar na New York da Houston na iya taimakawa mutanen da ke neman mafaka daga cikin wata cibiyar tsare bakin haure da ke kusa. == Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe == * ''Yakin da ake yi da Yara:'sananan yara na Afirka ta Kudu'', [[Desmond Tutu]], 1986.  * ''<nowiki/>'Yan banga a cikin Philippines: Barazana ga Mulkin Demokiradiyya'', Diane Orentlicher, 1988. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780934143035|9780934143035]] * ''An ƙi 'Yan Gudun Hijira: Matsaloli a cikin Kariyar Vietnamese da Kambodiyawa a Tailandia da Shiga' Yan Gudun Indochinese zuwa Amurka'', Albert Santoli, 1989. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780934143202|9780934143202]] * ''Dokokin Takarda, Bayoneti na Karfe: Rushewar Dokar Doka a Haiti'', Elliot Schrage, 1990. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780934143387|9780934143387]] * ''An Sace Yara: Yaran Yankan Sugar a cikin Jamhuriyar Dominica'', Theresa A. Amato, 1991. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780934143424|9780934143424]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080130171740/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/antisemitism/voices/transcript/?content=20071206 Ganawa tare da Michael Posner] daga Gidan Tarihi na Tunawa da Holocaust na Amurka * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506001559/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/antisemitism/voices/transcript/?content=20081120 Ganawa da Tad Stahnke] daga Gidan Tarihi na Tunawa da Holocaust na Amurka [[Category:Ƴancin ɗan adam]] [[Category:Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tmkvfa9z1lj9g2clvx6yw8x6bygvq6i Filin shakatawa na tsaunukan Simien 0 23092 891427 580729 2026-08-04T18:21:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Simien_National_Park.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simien_National_Park.jpg|alt=Ethiopia, Gondar|thumb|Filin shakatawa na Simien]] '''Filin shakatawa na tsaunukan Simien''' shine mafi girman filin shakatawa na ƙasar [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Tana cikin Yankin Arewacin Gonar na Yankin Amhara, Yankin da ya ƙunshi tsaunukan Simien kuma ya haɗa da Ras Dashan, wuri mafi girma a Habasha. Gida ne ga wasu nau'ikan halittu da ke cikin hatsari, ciki har da kerkiyan Habasha da kuma walia ibex, akuyar daji wacce ba a samun ta a duniya. Har ila yau, dabbar gelada da caracal, kuli, suna faruwa a cikin tsaunukan Simien. Fiye da nau'in tsuntsaye 50 ne ke zaune a wurin shakatawar, gami da kyawawan ungulu mai gemu, ko lammergeier, tare da fika-fikai 3 mai tsawon kafa goma 10.<ref>[http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Ethiopia/Activities/Birding WordTravels Ethiopia Travel Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033857/http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Ethiopia/Activities/Birding |date=2017-12-01 }}, Retrieved on June 22, 2008</ref> Filin shakatawa ya ratsa ta hanyar da ba a santa ba wanda ya taso daga Debarq, inda hedkwatar gudanarwar wurin shakatawar take, gabas ta hanyar wasu ƙauyuka zuwa Buahit Pass (4,430 m), inda hanyar ta juya kudu ta ƙare a Mekane Berhan, 10 kilomita nesa da iyakar wurin shakatawa.<ref>Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), p. 240</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa wurin shakatawar a shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da sttin da tara 1969, wanda Clive Nicol ya kafa, wanda ya yi rubutu game da abubuwan da ya samu a ''From the Roof of Africa'' (1971, <nowiki>ISBN 0 340 14755 5</nowiki>). Yankin na Simien an zauna kuma an noma shi aƙalla shekaru 2,000. Da farko, zaizayar kasa ya fara bayyana cewa sharewar ya fara ne a wani gangare na tsaunin tsauni amma daga baya ya fadada zuwa wani gangare mai tsayi. Yana daga ɗayan wuraren farko da (UNESCO) ta sanya su a matsayin Gidan Tarihin Duniya (1978). Ko yaya, saboda tsananin raguwar jama'a na wasu nau'in halayenta na asali, a cikin shekarar 1996 an kuma sanya shi cikin Jerin kayan al'aduna duniya.i. == Labarin kasa == Fiye da miliyoyin shekaru saboda mummunan zaizayar ƙasar tuddai na Italia da keɓaɓɓun tsaunuka, an ƙirƙiri kwari masu zurfin gaske da kuma tsaunuka masu tsayin mita 1,500, suna ƙirƙirar wasu wurare masu ban mamaki a duniya. Yankin al'adun yana gefen yamma na tsaunukan Simien kuma yana da nisan kilomita 120 daga lardin Gonem na Begemder a arewa maso yammacin Habasha. Yankin Simien yana da wadataccen ruwa mai zurfin ciki, kuma yana aiki ne a matsayin kyakkyawan tafkin kamawa. Ruwa yana kiyayewa ta Kogin Mayshasha, wanda ke gudana cikin ranakun ruwa guda biyu da kuma gandun dajin ƙasa daga arewa zuwa kudu. A sakamakon haka, wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa suna da yawa tare da namun daji da tsirrai. == Furanni da Dabbobin Yankin == Ciyawar tana hade da dazuzzuka masu tsayi na Afirka, dazuzzuka da ciyayi masu tsayi. Yankunan tsaunuka masu tsayi sun hada da ''savannah'' na montane da itacen bishiyar (''Erica arborea''), katuwar lobelia (''Lobelia rhynchopetalum''), rawaya na farko (''Primula verticillata''), everlastings (''Helichrysum spp.''), Alkyabbar mace (''alchemilla''), da kuma gansakuka (mosses, ''Grimmiaceae''). Lichen ya rufe bishiyoyin yankin mai tsayi. An rarraba ciyayi ko'ina cikin wurin zuwa gida uku, gandun Montane (1900-3000m), Ericaceous Belt ko SubAfroalpine (2700-3700m) da Afroalpine (3700-5433m). A cikin dajin Montane akwai bishiyoyin Juniper (''Juniperous procera''), African Redwood (''Hagenia abyssinica''), African Olive (''Olea africana''), Fig Fig (''Ficus spp''), da Bishiyoyi na Waterberry (''Szygium guineense''). Hakanan akwai nau'ikan shrubs da yawa da suka hada da Nightshade (''Solanum sessilistellatum''), Abyssinian rose (''Rosa abyssinica''), Cowslip (''Primula verticillata''), da Stinging Nettle (''Urtica'').<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.simienmountains.org/the-park/size-location-and-vegetation|title=Simien plants|access-date=2021-07-25|archive-date=2024-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608165309/http://www.simienmountains.org/the-park/size-location-and-vegetation|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rage da kankara sun watse makiyaya, gandun daji da daji. A wani lokaci, gandun daji na St. John (''Hypericum spp.'') Dazuzzuka sun girma daga 3,000 m zuwa 3,800 m sama da matakin teku, amma yanzu ya kusan tafi. Ba a san takamaiman lamba ba. [[File:Walia_ibex_3.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Walia_ibex_3.jpg|thumb|Ana samun Walia ibex a cikin Filin shakatawa na tsaunukan Simien]] Wurin Shaka tawas yana dauke da nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 130 da kuma manyan nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 20<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/9/|title=Simien National Park|website=UNESCO}}</ref> kamar su gelada dabbar daji (''Theropithecus gelada''), kerkeci na Habasha (wanda ake kira Simen fox, ''Canis simensis''), Walia ibex (''Capra walie''), awakin daji na daji da kuma dabbar Anubis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237075211|title=Relationship between Topographic Variables and Land Cover in the Simen Mountains National Park, a World Heritage Site in Northern Ethiopia}}</ref> Mazauna a kan gangaren arewacin gangarowa sunfi yawa daga tsaunukan Simien, kuma galibinsu ana samunsu a wurin shakatawa. Kerkeken Habasha yana da yawa a Habasha kuma sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa sun hada da dabbar hamadryas, biri biri, [[damisa]], carak, [[kyanwa]] daji, hyena da aka samo da dodo. Hakanan akwai manyan shuke-shuke, kamar su bushbuck, duiker na kowa, da klipspringer. Nau'in tsuntsaye guda 400 sun hada da ungulu mai gemu, gaggafa ta Verreaux, kestrels, ungulu, lanner falcon, augur ungulu da hankaka mai kauri. An rubuta jimillar nau'ikan 21 na dabbobi masu shayarwa, nau'ikan 3 na halittu masu dauke da cutar, nau'o'in tsuntsaye 63 da nau'ikan 7 na halittun masu dauke da cutar. == Kiyayewa == An kafa shi a zaman wurin shakatawa na ƙasar a cikin 1969 kuma an kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar erveasa ta assasa. Kayan gado na yanzu yana buƙatar sarrafawa mai inganci. Ya kamata a kara yawan ma'aikatan gudanarwa sannan a karfafa ilimi. Gudanar da wuraren shakatawa na kasa yana kiyaye wakiltar nau'ikan wuraren shakatawa kuma yana aiki tare da mazauna yankin don rage matsin lamba akan albarkatun shakatawa ta hanyar faɗaɗa ƙasar noma, wuce gona da iri, da wuce gona da iri na albarkatun ƙasa. Saboda canjin yanayi na duniya, matsin lamba kan wuraren tarihi ya karu. Ana buƙatar isasshen tallafi na kuɗi don gudanar da wuraren shakatawa da samar da hanyoyin inganta rayuwar mazauna yankin. Wajibi ne a shirya, aiwatarwa, sake dubawa da kuma lura da tsarin gudanarwa, don sake dubawa da fadada iyakar dajin, da kuma shiga cikin mazauna yankin. Hadin kai na cikin gida yana da mahimmanci musamman don hana dorewar amfani da albarkatun gandun daji na kasa da bunkasa ci gaban rayuwa. Samun isasshen tallafin kuɗi don sake tsugunnar da mazauna cikin yankin gado da kuma gabatar da ingantaccen kula da dabbobi yana da mahimmanci don rage tsananin damuwa kan rayuwar namun daji. Domin kula da kyawawan dabi'u na duniya, ana buƙatar ilimin muhalli da shirye-shiryen horo na mazauna mazauna ciki da wajen al'adun gargajiyar gami da samun haɗin kai da goyon baya na mazauna yankin cikin kula da al'adun gargajiya. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Semien_Mountains_02.jpg|Tsaunukan Semien File:Simien_National_Park-139418.jpg|Wurin shakatawa na Simien File:Semien Mountains 13.jpg|duwatsu Simien File:Mountain nyala.jpg|Bushbuck File:Geladas near Chennek.jpg|Geladas File:Canis simensis -Simien Mountains, Ethiopia-8.jpg|Kerkeci na Habasha File:Giant Lobelia 03.jpg|''Lobelia rhynchopetalum'' File:Raptor, Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia (2456222802).jpg|Tsuntsu na ganima File:Thick-billed Raven 02.jpg|Hankaka mai kauri File:Simienské hory.jpg|Cliff a cikin filin shakatawa </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.simienmountainsnationalpark.org/ Simien Mountains National Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725142548/https://www.simienmountainsnationalpark.org/ |date=2021-07-25 }} * [https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=9 UNESCO World Heritage profile of Simien National Park] * [http://www.unep-wcmc.org/medialibrary/2011/06/23/4d8797fe/Simien%20National%20Park.pdf United Nations Environment Programme: World Conservation Monitoring Centre: Simien National Park]{{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607154904/http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2001/06/22-06-01/NATIONAL.htm The National Parks of Ethiopia: Simien Mountain Adventure - Part I (''Addis Tribune'')] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060323175533/http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2001/06/29-06-01/Nationa.htm The National Parks of Ethiopia: Simien Mountain Adventure - Part II (''Addis Tribune'')] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607112239/http://www.addistribune.com/Archives/2001/07/06-07-01/National.htm The National Parks of Ethiopia: Simien Mountain Adventure - Part III (''Addis Tribune'')] [[Category: Habasha ]] lf6l5ynn69khyw773efxqvqpo74p0s2 Kogin Anum 0 23667 891522 891079 2026-08-04T22:19:39Z Baffa ali 47435 891522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Anum''' kogin Ghana ne. Wani ɓangare na yankin tsakanin kogunan Anum da [[Kogin Pra (Ghana)|Pra]] sun samar da gandun daji na Pra Anum.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book|last=Amanor|first=Kojo|title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEEpRZ4YGksC&pg=PA123|year=1999|publisher=Nordic Africa Institute|isbn=978-91-7106-437-0|page=123}}</ref> A cikin 1977 an ba da rahoton cewa ana samun sabbin rangwame a Kogin Anum, da kogunan [[Kogin Ofin|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Kogin Tano|Tano]], da [[Kogin Ankobra|Ankobra]] don dalilai masu lalata.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> Anum wani kogine dake a kasar Ghana wanda yabiyo ta Gulf na Guinea.A Tekun Guinea babban bangare ne na Tekun Atlantika dake gabar yammaci Afirka.Inda koguna da dama ke zuwa su zuba cikin ruwansu. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pk3ka1biie7775j7rnog3r3bpny5run 891524 891522 2026-08-04T22:22:07Z Baffa ali 47435 891524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Anum''' kogin Ghana ne. Wani ɓangare na yankin tsakanin kogunan Anum da [[Kogin Pra (Ghana)|Pra]] sun samar da gandun daji na Pra Anum.<ref name="Amanor1999">{{cite book|last=Amanor|first=Kojo|title=Global Restructuring and Land Rights in Ghana: Forest Food Chains, Timber, and Rural Livelihoods|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEEpRZ4YGksC&pg=PA123|year=1999|publisher=Nordic Africa Institute|isbn=978-91-7106-437-0|page=123}}</ref> A cikin 1977 an ba da rahoton cewa ana samun sabbin rangwame a Kogin Anum, da kogunan [[Kogin Ofin|Lower Offin]], Pra, [[Kogin Tano|Tano]], da [[Kogin Ankobra|Ankobra]] don dalilai masu lalata.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ghana: An Official Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1977|publisher=Ghana Information Services|page=195}}</ref> Anum wani kogine dake a kasar Ghana wanda yabiyo ta Gulf na Guinea.A Tekun Guinea babban bangare ne na Tekun Atlantika dake gabar yammaci Afirka.Inda koguna da dama ke zuwa su zuba cikin ruwansu. Sannan tsayin tai kun ya kai kimanin 111m . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5imo7uqft8ei9r44lvro6epxf4n1lvv Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi 0 23902 891482 885569 2026-08-04T21:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Aerial_view_of_the_Amazon_Rainforest.jpg|thumb| Yankin gandun dajin Amazon a [[Brazil]]. A wurare masu zafi rainforests na [[Amurka ta Kudu|South America]] dauke da most bambancin jinsunan a [[Duniya]].<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/12/051205163236.htm Why The Amazon Rainforest Is So Rich In Species]. ScienceDaily.com (5 December 2005). Retrieved on 28 March 2013.</ref>]] [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_Af_present.svg|thumb| Yankunan yanayi na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (Af).]] [[Fayil:Epping Forest UK ward map 2022.svg|thumb|taswiran Daji na amurka na epping tsare tsaran daji]] '''Gandun Daji''' na wurare masu zafi sune gandun dajin da ke faruwa a yankunan dajin yanayi na wurare masu zafi wanda babu lokacin bazara duk watanni suna da matsakaicin hazo na akalla (60)&nbsp;mm - kuma ana iya kiran shi dausayi mai tsayin [[Dazuzzuka na ƙarni na 21st|dazuzzuka]]. Ana samun gandun daji na gaskiya a tsakanin digiri (10) Arewa da kudu na mai daidai tawa (duba taswira); su ne wani sa na wurare masu zafi da gandun daji daya a uku wajen a cikin (28)-mataki latitudes (a cikin ''Equatorial zone tsakanin Tropic of Cancer kuma Tropic of Capricorn'' ). A cikin rabe -raben ''biome'' na Asusun kula da Dabbobi na Duniya, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sune nau'in gandun daji mai yalwar ruwa mai zafi (ko gandun daji mai zafi) wanda kuma ya haɗa da gandun daji na yanayi mai faɗi . == Ciga Bayani == [[File:Rio_Madre_de_Dios,_Peru.JPG|left|thumb| Dajin ruwan [[Amazon|kogin Amazon]] [[Peru|a Peru]]]] Ana iya rarrabe gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a cikin kalmomi biyu: zafi da rigar zafi. Ma'ana yanayin zafi na wata ya wuce {{Convert|18|C|F}} a duk watanni na shekara. <ref>Woodward, Susan. </ref> Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara -shekara bai wuce {{Convert|1680|mm|in}} kuma yana iya wuce {{Convert|10|m|in}} ko da yake yawanci yana tsakanin {{Convert|1750|mm|in}} da {{Convert|3000|mm|in}} . Wannan babban hazo sau da yawa yakan haifar da [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] mara kyau saboda leaching wato abubuwan da ke narkewa a ƙasa. Gandun dazuzzuka masu zafi suna nuna ɗimbin halittu. Kusan kashi 40% zuwa 75% na duk nau'ikan halittun 'yan asalin gandun daji ne. Gandun dazuzzukan gida ne na rabin dukkan dabbobi masu rai da tsirrai a doron ƙasa. <ref name="MI">The Regents of the [[University of Michigan]]. </ref> Za a iya samun kashi biyu bisa uku na duk tsirrai masu furanni a cikin gandun daji. ya kadada na gandun daji na iya ƙunsar nau'ikan kwari iri -iri 42,000, har zuwa bishiyoyi 807 na nau'ikan 313 da nau'ikan tsirrai 1,500 mafi girma. <ref name="Newman, Arnold 2002" /> An kira dazuzzukan daji na wurare masu zafi " mafi girman kantin magani na duniya ", saboda an gano sama da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na magungunan halitta a cikinsu. <ref>[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/venom/holland-text The bite that heals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117075557/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/02/venom/holland-text |date=2013-01-17 }}.</ref> Wataƙila za a iya samun miliyoyin nau'in tsirrai, kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda har yanzu ba a gano su a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ba. Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna daga cikin mawuyancin yanayin muhallin halittu a duniya, saboda rarrabuwa mai yawa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam. Rarrabuwa na mazaunin da ke haifar da tsarin ilimin ƙasa kamar volcanism da canjin yanayi ya faru a baya, kuma an gano su a matsayin manyan direbobi na ƙwarewa. Koyaya, lalacewar mazaunin cikin sauri ana tsammanin shine ɗayan manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gushewar nau'in. An sha fama da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na gandun daji da tsabtace [[Gandun daji|aikin gona]] a cikin karni na 20, kuma yankin da gandun daji ke rufe a duniya yana raguwa cikin sauri. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/sep/01/forests.brazil Brazil: Deforestation rises sharply as farmers push into Amazon], The Guardian, 1 September 2008</ref> <ref>[http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=5728 China is black hole of Asia's deforestation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123021701/http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=5728 |date=2018-11-23 }}, Asia News, 24 March 2008</ref> === Tarihi === Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun wanzu a doron duniya miliyoyin shekaru. Yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a yau suna kan gutsurarrun curare zamanin Mesozoic na Gondwana .Rabuwa da filin ya haifar da babban rashi na bambancin halittu masu rai yayin da a lokaci guda kuma yanayin bushewar yanayi ya haifar da rarrabuwar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Rarraba ya bar gandun daji na wurare masu zafi waɗanda ke cikin manyan yankuna biyar na duniya: Amurka mai zafi, Afirka, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Madagascar, da New Guinea, tare da ƙaramin waje a Ostiraliya. Ko yaya, takamaiman asalin gandun dazuzzuka har yanzu ba a tabbatar da shi ba saboda ƙarancin burbushin halittu. === Sauran nau'ikan gandun daji na wurare masu zafi === Dabbobi da yawa na iya bayyana kama da, ko hade ta hanyar ecotones da, gandun daji na wurare masu zafi: [[File:Hand-Luggage-Only-1.jpg|thumb| Hillawe Falls a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Hawaii a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]]] ; Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi : [[File:Rain_Forest_Daintree_Australia.jpg|thumb| Daintree "gandun daji" a cikin Queensland hakika gandun daji ne na yanayi.]] Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na damina suna samun ruwan sama gaba ɗaya tare da lokacin damina mai zafi da lokacin sanyi mai sanyi. Wasu bishiyoyi a cikin waɗannan gandun daji suna zubar da wasu ko duk [[ganye]] a lokacin bazara, don haka a wasu lokutan ake kiransu da "gandun daji mai gauraye na wurare masu zafi". Ana samun su a sassan Kudancin Amurka, a Amurka ta Tsakiya da kewayen [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka ta]] gabar teku, sassan yankin na Indiya, da kuma yawancin Indochina . ; Gandun daji na Montane : Ana samun waɗannan a cikin wuraren tsaunuka masu sanyi da sauyin yanayi, ana kiransu dazuzzukan girgije a tsaunukan da suka fi tsayi. Dangane da latitude, mafi ƙarancin iyakar gandun daji na montane akan manyan tsaunuka yawanci tsakanin 1500 zuwa 2500&nbsp;m yayin da iyakar babba yawanci daga 2400 zuwa 3300&nbsp;m. ; Ambaliyar dazuzzukan : Ana samun dazuzzukan fadama na ruwan zafi, ko “gandun daji da ambaliyar ruwa”, a cikin kwarin Amazon ( Várzea ) da sauran wurare. == Tsarin gandun daji == An raba gandun dazuzzuka zuwa sassa daban-daban, ko yadudduka, tare da tsirrai da aka tsara su a cikin tsayin daka daga saman ƙasa zuwa rufi. Kowane Leya wata al'ummah ce ta musamman da ke ɗauke da tsirrai da dabbobi daban-daban waɗanda aka saba da su don rayuwa a cikin wannan madaidaicin. Leya mai fitowa kawai ya kebanta da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, yayin da sauran kuma ana samun su a cikin gandun daji. === Dajin da ƙasar === [[File:Gorilla_gorilla04.jpg|thumb| Gorilla mai faɗi ta yamma]] Gandun daji, mafi ƙasƙanci, yana karɓar kashi 2% kawai na hasken rana. Shuke -shuke da suka dace da ƙananan haske ne kawai za su iya girma a wannan yankin. A nesa daga bakin kogi, fadama da tsaunuka, inda ake samun gindin ciyawa mai yawa, kasan gandun daji yana da ƙarancin ciyayi saboda ƙarancin shigar hasken rana. Wannan ingantaccen ingancin yana ba da izinin sauƙaƙan motsi na manyan dabbobi kamar: kamar okapi ( ''Okapia johnstoni'' ), tapir ( ''Tapirus'' sp. ), Sumatran rhinoceros ( ''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis'' ), da birai kamar gorilla mai faɗi ta yamma ( ''Gorilla gorilla'' ), da kuma yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da kwari. Har ila yau gandun dajin yana ɗauke da gurɓataccen tsirrai da ƙwayoyin dabbobi, waɗanda ke ɓacewa da sauri, saboda yanayin ɗumi da ɗumi yana haɓaka lalata da sauri. Yawancin nau'ikan fungi da ke girma anan suna taimakawa lalata dabbobi da sharar gida. === Kasan labarin layer === Layer na ƙasa yana tsakanin alfarwa da gandun daji. Ƙasa gida ce ga tsuntsaye da yawa, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kwari, dabbobi masu rarrafe, da masu farauta. Misalai sun haɗa da [[damisa]] ( ''Panthera pardus'' ), kwaɗi masu guba ( ''Dendrobates'' sp.), Coati-wutsiya ( ''Nasu nasua'' ), boa constrictor ( ''Boa constrictor'' ), da yawancin nau'in [[Buzuzu|Coleoptera]] . Tsirrai da ke cikin wannan Layer gaba ɗaya sun ƙunshi shuke-shuke masu jure inuwa, ganye, ƙananan bishiyoyi, da manyan kurangar inabi waɗanda ke hawa cikin bishiyoyi don ɗaukar hasken rana. Kusan kashi 5% ne kawai na hasken rana ke karya rufin don isa ga ƙasan da ke haifar da tsirrai na ƙasa da gaske ba sa girma zuwa 3 m (10&nbsp;ƙafa). A matsayin karbuwa ga waɗannan ƙananan matakan haske, tsire -tsire marasa tushe sau da yawa sun haɓaka manyan ganye. Yawancin tsirrai da za su yi girma zuwa matakin alfarwa suna cikin ƙasa. [[File:FRIM_canopy.JPG|thumb| Rufin a Cibiyar Binciken Gandun Daji Malaysia]] === Layer mai rufi === Rufin shine babban sashin dajin, yana yin rufi akan yadudduka biyu da suka rage. Ya ƙunshi yawancin manyan bishiyoyi, yawanci tsayinsu ya kai 30-45 m. Dogayen bishiyoyi masu faffadan ganye suna da manyan tsire-tsire. Ana samun mafi yawan wuraren halittu masu rai a cikin rufin gandun daji, saboda galibi yana tallafawa tarin furannin epiphytes, gami da orchids, bromeliads, mosses da lichens. Waɗannan tsirrai na epiphytic suna haɗe da kututtuka da rassa kuma suna samun ruwa da ma'adanai daga ruwan sama da tarkace waɗanda ke tattara kan tsirrai masu goyan baya. Dabbobi ((Fauna) yayi kama da wanda aka samo a cikin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa, amma ya bambanta. Ana ba da shawarar cewa jimillar wadatattun nau'in arthropod na rufin na wurare masu zafi na iya kaiwa miliyan 20. Sauran nau'ikan da ke rayuwa a cikin wannan ƙirar sun haɗa da nau'ikan avian da yawa irin su hornbill mai launin rawaya-casqued wattled ( ''Ceratogymna elata'' ), sunbird [[Aku|mai launin shuɗi]] ( ''Anthreptes collaris'' ), parrot launin toka ( ''Psitacus erithacus'' ), keucen-billed toucan ( ''Ramphastos sulfuratus'' ), macaw mai launin ja ( ''Ara macao)'' ) da kuma sauran dabbobi kamar biri na gizo -gizo ( ''Ateles'' sp. ), ''Babban abin hadiye na'' Afirka (Papilio antimachus), mai yatsun kafa uku ( ''Bradypus tridactylus'' ), kinkajou ( ''Potos flavus'' ), da tamandua ( ''Tamandua tetradactyla'' ). === Layer ta gaugawa === Layer mai fitowa yana ƙunshe da ƙaramin adadi na manyan [[Bishiya|bishiyoyi]], waɗanda ake kira masu ''fitowa'', waɗanda ke girma sama da babban rufin, suna kaiwa tsayin 45-55.&nbsp;m, ko da yake a wasu lokuta wasu nau'ikan tsiro zasu yi girma zuwa 70-80&nbsp;m tsayi. Wasu misalan masu tasowa sun haɗa da: ''Balizia elegans'', ''Dipteryx panamensis'', ''Hieronyma alchorneoides'', ''Hymenolobium mesoamericanum'', ''Lecythis ampla'' da ''Terminalia oblonga'' . Waɗannan bishiyoyin suna buƙatar su iya jure yanayin zafi da iska mai ƙarfi da ke faruwa a saman rufin a wasu yankuna. Dabbobi daban-daban na (faunal) da yawa suna zaune a cikin wannan Layer kamar gaggafa mai kambi ( ''Stephanoaetus coronatus'' ), sarki colobus ( ''Colobus polykomos'' ), da babban fox mai tashi ( ''Pteropus vampyrus'' ). Koyaya, stratification ba koyaushe yake bayyana ba. Gandun daji suna da ƙarfi kuma canje -canje da yawa suna shafar tsarin gandun daji. Bishiyoyin da ke fitowa ko alfarwa suna rushewa, alal misali, suna haifar da gibi. Buɗewa a cikin gandun dajin an yarda da su da mahimmanci don kafawa da haɓaka bishiyoyin dazuzzuka. An kiyasta cewa wataƙila kashi 75% na nau'in bishiyar a tashar Sashen Halittar La Selva, Costa Rica suna dogaro ne da buɗaɗɗen katako don tsiro iri ko don girma fiye da girman tsiro, misali. == Ilimin halittu == === Yanayi === [[File:El_bosque_inundado_amazonico-cosmocaixa-2009_(2).JPG|thumb| Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Barcelona]] Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna kusa da kusa da mai daidaitawa, sabili da haka yana da abin da ake kira sauyin yanayi wanda ke da muhimman sigogin yanayi uku: zazzabi, ruwan sama, da tsananin lokacin bazara. Sauran sigogin da ke shafar gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sune tarin carbon dioxide, hasken rana, da wadatar nitrogen. Gaba ɗaya, yanayin yana kunshe da yanayin zafi da yawan ruwan sama na shekara -shekara. Ko yaya, yawan ruwan sama yana canzawa a cikin shekara yana haifar da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa. An rarrabe gandun daji na Tropical da yawan ruwan sama da ake samu a kowace shekara, wanda ya ba da damar masana kimiyyar muhalli su ayyana bambance-bambancen da ke cikin gandun dajin waɗanda suke kama da juna a tsari. Dangane da rarrabuwa na yanayin halittu na wurare masu zafi, ainihin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna samun ruwan sama da shekara 2&nbsp;m da yawan zafin jiki na shekara sama da digiri 24 na Celsius, tare da yuwuwar ƙimar evapotranspiration (PET) na <0.25. Ko yaya, yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ana iya rarrabe su a matsayin gandun daji mai ɗumi ko rigar, waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da ruwan sama. Ilimin kimiyyar gandun daji na Tropical- kuzari, abun da ke ciki, da aiki- suna kula da canje-canje a yanayi musamman canje-canjen ruwan sama. === Ƙasa === ==== Nau'o'in ƙasa ==== Nau'o'in ƙasa suna da sauyi sosai a cikin wurare masu zafi kuma sakamakon haɗuwar abubuwa masu yawa kamar yanayi, ciyayi, matsayi na ƙasa, kayan iyaye, da shekarun ƙasa. Yawancin ƙasa na wurare masu zafi ana rarrabe su da muhimmin leshi da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, duk da haka akwai wasu yankuna waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙasa mai albarka. Ƙasa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun faɗi cikin rarrabuwa guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗa da ultisols da oxisols . Ultisols an san su da yanayi, ƙasa mai launin jan yumɓu, ƙarancin abinci mai muhimmanci kamar alli da potassium. Hakanan, oxisols acidic ne, tsofaffi, yawanci ja ne, mai ɗimbin yawa da narkewa, duk da haka suna da kyau idan aka kwatanta da ultisols. Abun yumɓu na ultisols yana da girma, yana sa ya zama da wahala ruwa ya shiga kuma ya ratsa ta. Launin ja na ƙasa duka sakamakon zafi mai zafi da danshi ke haifar da oxide na baƙin ƙarfe da aluminium, waɗanda basa narkewa cikin ruwa kuma tsire -tsire ba sa ɗaukar su cikin sauƙi. Siffofin ƙasa da halayen jiki suna da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da haɓakar ƙasa sama da tsarin gandun daji da juzu'i. Kayayyakin jiki na ƙasa suna sarrafa yawan jujjuyawar itace yayin da kaddarorin sunadarai kamar wadataccen nitrogen da phosphorus ke sarrafa ƙimar girma na gandun daji. Ƙasa na gabas da tsakiyar Amazon da kuma gandun daji na kudu maso gabashin Asiya tsofaffi ne da ma'adinai yayin da ƙasa ta yammacin Amazon ([[Ecuador]] da Peru) da yankunan volcanic na Costa Rica matasa ne da ma'adinai. Yawan aiki na farko ko samar da itace ya kasance mafi girma a yammacin Amazon kuma mafi ƙasƙanci a gabashin Amazon wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai ɗimbin yawa da aka ƙira da oxisols. Bugu da ƙari, ƙasa ta Amazonian tana da ɗimbin yawa, yana sa su zama marasa ma'adanai kamar phosphorus, potassium, calcium, da magnesium, waɗanda ke fitowa daga tushen dutsen. Ko yaya, ba duk gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna faruwa akan ƙasa mara kyau na abinci mai gina jiki ba, amma a kan ambaliyar ruwa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da ƙasa mai aman wuta a cikin tsaunukan Andean, da kuma yankunan dutsen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Afirka, da Amurka ta Tsakiya. <ref>[http://www.mongabay.com/ Environmental news and information]. mongabay.com. </ref> Oxisols, marasa haihuwa, yanayi mai zurfi da lecha mai ƙarfi, sun haɓaka akan tsoffin garkuwar Gondwanan . Rushewar kwayan cuta na hana taruwar humus. A taro na baƙin ƙarfe ne da aluminum oxides da laterization aiwatar bada oxisols wani haske ja launi da kuma wani lokacin samar mines a adibas (misali, haƙar ). A kan ƙaramin abu, musamman na asalin dutsen mai fitar da wuta, ƙasa na wurare masu zafi na iya zama mai yawan haihuwa. ==== Maimaita kayan abinci ==== Wannan babban ɓarna yana haifar da matakan phosphorus a cikin ƙasa, hazo, matsanancin yanayin zafi da yawan al'ummomin ƙwayoyin cuta. Baya ga ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, akwai yalwar sauran masu lalata kamar fungi da gandun daji waɗanda ke taimakawa cikin aikin. Sake sarrafa abinci mai gina jiki yana da muhimmanci saboda a ƙarƙashin wadatar albarkatun ƙasa yana sarrafa abubuwan da ke sama da tsarin al'umma na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Waɗannan filayen galibi suna da ƙarancin phosphorus, wanda ke hana haɓakar kayan aiki na farko ko ɗaukar carbon. Ƙasa tana ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke lalata juzu'in ganyaye da sauran kwayoyin halitta zuwa nau'ikan inorganic na carbon da shuke -shuke ke amfani da su ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira rarrabuwa. Yayin aiwatar da rugujewar al'ummomin ƙwayoyin cuta suna numfashi, suna ɗaukar iskar oxygen da sakin carbon dioxide. Ana iya kimanta ƙimar rarrabuwa ta hanyar auna iskar oxygen. Babban yanayin zafi da hazo yana ƙaruwa da ɓarna, wanda ke ba da damar dattin [[shuka]] ya ruɓe cikin sauri a yankuna masu zafi, yana sakin abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda tsirrai ke ɗauka nan da nan ta cikin ruwa ko ƙasa. Yanayin yanayi na numfashi ana sarrafa shi ta faɗuwar ɗanyen ganyaye da hazo, ƙarfin tuƙin yana motsa carbon mai ruɓewa daga datti zuwa ƙasa. Yawan iskar numfashi shine mafi girma a farkon damina saboda damina na baya -bayan nan yana haifar da ɗimbin ganyayyaki don haka mafi yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta ana shiga cikin ƙasa. ==== Tushen Jijiyoyin ==== Wani fasali na yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na wurare daban daban shine tushen bishiyoyi. Maimakon shiga cikin zurfin ƙasa mai zurfi, Tushen buttress yana ƙirƙirar cibiyar sadarwa mai ɗorewa a farfajiya don ingantaccen amfani da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi mai fa'ida da gasa. Yawancin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa na gandun daji na wurare masu zafi suna faruwa kusa da farfajiya saboda saurin juyawa da ɓarna na ƙwayoyin cuta da ganye. Saboda wannan, tushen jijiyoyin yana faruwa a farfajiya don bishiyoyin su iya haɓaka haɓakawa da yin gasa tare da saurin ɗaukar sauran bishiyoyi. Waɗannan tushen kuma suna taimakawa haɓakawa da adana ruwa, haɓaka sararin samaniya don musayar gas, da tattara dattin ganye don ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan tushen suna rage yaƙar ƙasa kuma suna haɓaka ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki yayin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ta hanyar karkatar da ruwa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki wanda ke gangarowa a cikin akwati zuwa ƙananan gudana yayin da kuma ke aiki a zaman shinge ga kwararar ƙasa. Hakanan, manyan wuraren da waɗannan tushen ke haifar suna ba da goyan baya da kwanciyar hankali ga bishiyoyin gandun daji, waɗanda galibi suna girma zuwa manyan mahimman wurare. Wannan ƙarin kwanciyar hankali yana ba wa waɗannan bishiyoyin damar yin tsayayya da tasirin guguwa mai ƙarfi, don haka rage faruwar bishiyoyin da suka faɗi. === Gandun daji === Gado shine tsarin muhalli wanda ke canza tsarin al'adun halittu akan lokaci zuwa mafi daidaituwa, tsarin al'umma daban -daban bayan tashin hankali na farko ga al'umma. Hargitsi na farko sau da yawa wani abu ne na halitta ko abin da ɗan adam ya haifar. Hargitsi na halitta sun haɗa da guguwa, fashewar aman wuta, motsi kogi ko wani abu kamar ƙaramin itace da ya faɗi wanda ke haifar da gibi a cikin gandun daji. A cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, waɗannan rikice -rikicen dabi'a an yi rikodin su sosai a cikin burbushin halittu, kuma ana yaba su da ƙarfafawa da ƙima. Ayyukan amfani da ƙasa na ɗan Adam sun haifar da sare bishiyoyi masu yawa. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na wurare masu zafi irin su Costa Rica an watsar da waɗannan ƙasashen da aka sare dazuka kuma an ba da izinin gandun daji su sake rayuwa ta hanyar maye gurbi. Waɗannan dazuzzukan dazuka na matasa ana kiransu dazuzzukan sakandare ko gandun daji na biyu. == Halittar halittu da ƙwarewa == [[File:Young_orang_utan.JPG|thumb| Matasa orangutan a Bukit Lawang, Sumatra]] Gandun dazuzzuka masu zafi suna nuna banbanci iri -iri a cikin tsirrai da dabbobi. Tushen wannan ƙwarewar ta musamman ta kasance shekaru masu bincike da masana kimiyyar muhalli . An ƙirƙiro da ra'ayoyi da yawa don me yasa kuma yadda yanayin zafi zai iya bambanta. === Gasar Interspecific === Gasar da ba ta dace ba ta samo asali ne daga ɗimbin yawa na nau'in da ke da irin wannan wadatar a cikin wurare masu zafi da ƙarancin albarkatun da ake da su. Dabbobin da suka “rasa” gasar na iya zama ko sun lalace ko nemo wani sabon salo. Gasar kai tsaye galibi tana haifar da wani nau'in ya mamaye wani ta wata fa'ida, a ƙarshe yana fitar da shi daga lalacewa. Raba rarrabuwa shine sauran zaɓi don nau'in. Wannan shine rarrabuwa da raba albarkatun da ake buƙata ta amfani da mazauna daban -daban, tushen abinci, murfi ko bambance -bambancen ɗabi'a. Wani nau'in da ke da kayan abinci iri ɗaya amma lokutan ciyarwa daban -daban shine misalin rarrabuwar kawuna. === Tsarin Pliestocene === Jürgen Haffer ya haɓaka ka'idar Pleistocene refugia a cikin shekarar 1969 tare da labarinsa ''Ƙwarewar Tsuntsayen Daji na Amazon'' . Haffer ya ba da bayanin ƙwararre ne sakamakon rabe-raben gandun dajin da ke rarrabewa ta hanyar shimfidar ciyayi marasa gandun daji a lokacin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe. Ya kira waɗannan facin na yankunan dazuzzukan mafaka kuma a cikin waɗannan facin ƙwararrun allopatric ya faru. Tare da ƙarshen lokacin ƙanƙara da ƙaruwa cikin ɗimbin yanayi, gandun daji ya fara faɗaɗa kuma mafaka sun sake haɗawa. Wannan ka'idar ta zama batun muhawara. Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna da shakku kan ko wannan ka'ida halal ce ko a'a. Shaidar kwayoyin halitta tana nuna ƙwarewa ta faru a wasu takamaiman shekaru miliyan 1-2 da suka gabata, kafin Pleistocene . == Girman mutum == === Mazauni === Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun mamaye rayuwar ɗan Adam tsawon shekaru da yawa, tare da kabilun Indiya da yawa a Kudanci da Amurka ta Tsakiya, waɗanda ke cikin 'yan asalin Amurkawa, Kwangiyoyin Kwango a Afirka ta Tsakiya, da kabilu da yawa a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, kamar Dayak mutane da mutanen Penan a [[Borneo]] . Albarkatun abinci a cikin gandun daji sun bazu sosai saboda ɗimbin ilmin halittu kuma abin da abinci ke da shi ya ta'allaka ne ga alfarwa kuma yana buƙatar kuzari mai yawa don samu. Wasu kungiyoyin na mafarauci-gayya sun maida su ba kome Rainforest a kan wani dalilai na yanayi amma suka zauna da farko a cikin m savanna da kuma bude [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]] [[Biophysical environment|muhallin]] inda abinci ne yafi m. Sauran mutanen da aka bayyana a matsayin mazauna dazuzzukan daji masu farauta ne waɗanda ke rayuwa da yawa ta hanyar siyar da samfuran gandun daji masu ƙima kamar fata, fuka-fuka, da zuma tare da mutanen aikin gona da ke zaune a wajen dajin. === Mutanen asali === [[File:Índios_isolados_no_Acre_7.jpg|thumb| Membobin wata ƙabila da ba a tuntuɓe ba sun gamu da su a jihar Acre ta [[Brazil]] a 2009]] Yawancin 'yan asalin ƙasar suna rayuwa a cikin gandun dajin a matsayin masu farauta, ko kuma su cigaba da zama a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin manoma na ɗan lokaci wanda ke ba da babban rabo ta hanyar siyar da samfuran gandun daji masu ƙima kamar fata, fuka-fuka, da zuma tare da mutanen aikin gona da ke zaune a wajen dajin. Jama'a sun zauna a cikin dazuzzukan dubun dubatan shekaru kuma sun kasance ba za a iya samun su ba wanda kwanan nan aka gano wasu kabilu. Waɗannan mutanen 'yan asalin suna fuskantar barazana ƙwarai daga masu aikin katako don neman katako na tsufa kamar Ipe, Cumaru da Wenge, da kuma manoma waɗanda ke neman faɗaɗa ƙasarsu, ga shanu (nama), da waken soya, waɗanda ake amfani da su don ciyar da shanu a cikin Turai da China. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/22/brazil-rainforest-awa-endangered-tribe 'They're killing us': world's most endangered tribe cries for help]. </ref> <ref>Sibaja, Marco (6 June 2012) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608152357/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/06/brazils-indigeneous-awa-tribe_n_1574374.html Brazil's Indigenous Awa Tribe At Risk]. </ref> A ranar 18 ga Janairun 2007, FUNAI ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa ta tabbatar da kasancewar kabilu 67 da ba a tuntuɓe ba a Brazil, daga 40 a 2005. Da wannan kari, [[Brazil|yanzu Brazil]] ta mamaye tsibirin [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] a matsayin kasar da ke da yawan kabilun da ba a tuntube su ba. <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSN17285256 Brazil sees traces of more isolated Amazon tribes]. </ref> Lardin Irian Jaya ko Yammacin Papua a tsibirin New Guinea yana da kimanin ƙungiyoyin kabilu 44 da ba a tuntube su ba. <ref>[http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2191 BBC: First contact with isolated tribes?] survivalinternational.org (25 January 2007)</ref> [[File:Living_on_the_rainforest.jpg|thumb| Masu farautar farauta a cikin Basin Kongo a 2014]] Mutanen ƙungiyoyin farauta ne waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gandun dajin da ke cikin gandun dajin da ke da ɗan gajeren tsayi (a ƙasa da mita ɗaya da rabi, ko 59&nbsp;inci, a matsakaita). Daga cikin wannan rukunin akwai mutanen Efe, Aka, Twa, Baka, da Mbuti na Afirka ta Tsakiya. Ko yaya, kalmar pygmy ana ɗaukarta mai daɗi don haka kabilu da yawa sun fi son kada a yi musu lakabi da haka. <ref name="focus">[http://www.fao.org/docrep/w1033e/w1033e03.htm Forest peoples in the central African rain forest: focus on the pygmies]. fao.org</ref> Wasu sanannun 'yan asalin Amurkawa, ko Amerindians, sun haɗa da Huaorani, Ya̧nomamö, da Kayapo mutanen Amazon . Tsarin aikin gona na gargajiya da ƙabilu ke yi a cikin Amazon ya dogara ne akan noman guguwa (wanda kuma aka sani da kashe -kashe da ƙonawa ko canza shuki) kuma ana ɗaukarsa tashin hankali. A zahiri, idan ana duban matakin ƙulle -ƙullen mutum ɗaya ana ɗaukar ayyukan noman gargajiya da amfani. Misali, yin amfani da bishiyoyin inuwa da raguwa duk suna taimakawa adana kwayoyin halittar ƙasa, wanda shine mahimmanci wajen kula da haɓakar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai tsananin zafi da ƙura. Akwai bambancin gandun daji a Asiya, gami da mutanen Lumad na Philippines da mutanen Penan da Dayak na Borneo. Dayaks ƙungiya ce mai ban sha'awa musamman saboda an san su da al'adun farautar gargajiya. An buƙaci sabbin kawunan mutane don yin wasu ayyukan ibada kamar Iban "kenyalang" da Kenyah "mamat". Pygmies da ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya ana kiran su " Negrito ". === Albarkatu === ==== Abincin da aka noma da kayan yaji ==== [[Doya|Yam]], kofi, cakulan, [[ayaba]], [[mangoro]], [[gwanda]], macadamia, avocado, da rake duk asalinsu sun fito ne daga gandun daji na wurare masu zafi kuma har yanzu galibi ana yin su ne a kan shuka a yankuna waɗanda a da suke dajin farko. A tsakiyar shekarun 1980 da 1990, suna cin tan miliyan 40 na ayaba a duk duniya a kowace shekara, tare da tan miliyan 13 na mangoro. Fitar da kofi na Amurka ta Tsakiya ya kai dala biliyan 3 a 1970. Yawancin bambancin kwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su wajen gujewa barnar da sabbin kwari ke haifarwa har yanzu ana samun su ne daga gandun daji. Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi sun samar da [[Ɗan'ice|'ya'yan itatuwa]] 250 da ake nomawa, idan aka kwatanta da 20 kawai ga gandun daji . Dazuka a cikin [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]] kadai sun ƙunshi nau'in bishiyoyi 251 tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu cin abinci, waɗanda 43 kawai aka kafa a matsayin noman da aka noma a shekarar 1985. <ref>Myers, N. (1985). </ref> === Sabis na yanayin ƙasa === Baya ga amfanin ɗan Adam, gandun daji kuma suna da abubuwan da ba a cirewa waɗanda galibi ana taƙaita su a zaman ayyukan muhalli . Dazuzzukan ruwan sama suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da bambancin halittu, keɓewa da adana carbon, ƙa'idojin yanayi na duniya, kula da cututtuka , da tsaba . Rabin ruwan sama da ake samu a yankin Amazon dazuzzukan ke samarwa. Danshi daga cikin gandun daji yana da muhimmanci ga ruwan sama a [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Argentina]] [[Gandun daji|Yanke daji]] a yankin gandun daji na Amazon shine ɗayan manyan dalilan da ke haifar da matsanancin fari na 2014-2015 a [[Brazil]] Ga shekaru talatin da suka gabata, adadin iskar carbon da ke cike da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na duniya ya ragu, a cewar wani binciken da aka buga a 2020 a cikin mujallar Nature. A cikin 2019 sun ɗauki iskar carbon mai kashi uku bisa uku fiye da yadda suka samu a shekarun 1990, saboda tsananin zafi, fari da sare itatuwa. Gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na iya zama tushen carbon a cikin 2060s. === Yawon shakatawa === [[File:Monteverde_puente.jpg|thumb| Tafiya mai ban mamaki don ganin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a [[Costa Rica]]]] Duk da mummunan tasirin yawon shakatawa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, akwai kuma wasu muhimman sakamako masu kyau. * A cikin 'yan shekarun nan yanayin yawon shakatawa a wurare masu zafi ya ƙaru. Yayin da gandun dazuzzuka ke ƙara zama ruwan dare, mutane suna tafiya zuwa ƙasashe waɗanda har yanzu suna da wannan mazaunin daban -daban. Mazauna yankin suna cin gajiyar ƙarin kuɗin shiga da baƙi suka kawo, haka kuma wuraren da ake ganin suna da ban sha'awa ga baƙi galibi ana kiyaye su. ''Ecotourism na iya zama abin ƙarfafawa don kiyayewa, musamman lokacin da yake haifar da canjin tattalin arziƙi.'' Ecotourism na iya haɗawa da ayyuka iri-iri ciki har da kallon dabbobi, yawon shakatawa na daji da ma kallon abubuwan al'adu da ƙauyuka na asali. Idan ana yin waɗannan ayyukan daidai, wannan na iya zama da fa'ida ga mazauna gida da na flora da fauna na yanzu. * Haɓaka yawon buɗe ido ya haɓaka tattalin arziƙi, yana ba da damar ƙarin kudaden shiga don shiga cikin kare mazaunin. Yawon shakatawa na iya ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga kiyaye muhimman wurare da mazauninsu. Za a iya amfani da kudaden shiga daga kudaden shiga wurin shakatawa da makamantansu musamman don biyan kariya da gudanar da yankunan da ke da muhalli. Kudaden shiga daga haraji da yawon buɗe ido yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfafawa ga gwamnatoci don ba da gudummawar kudaden shiga don kare gandun daji. * Har ila yau, yawon shakatawa yana da yuwuwar haɓaka darajar jama'a game da muhalli da kuma faɗaɗa matsalolin matsalolin muhalli lokacin da yake kusantar da mutane kusa da muhalli. Irin wannan karuwar wayar da kan jama'a na iya haifar da ɗabi'ar da ta dace da muhalli. Yawon shakatawa ya yi tasiri mai kyau kan kokarin kare namun daji da kokarin kariya, musamman a Afirka amma kuma a Kudancin Amurka, Asiya, Australia, da Kudancin Pacific. <ref>Fotiou, S. (October 2001). </ref> == Kiyayewa == === Barazana === ==== Sare Dazuzzuka ==== ===== Hakar ma'adinai da hakowa ===== [[File:OkTediMine.jpg|right|thumb| Ok Tedi Mine a kudu maso yammacin Papua New Guinea]] Adadin ƙananan ƙarfe ( zinariya, azurfa, coltan ) da burbushin mai ( mai da iskar gas ) suna faruwa a ƙarƙashin gandun daji na duniya. Waɗannan albarkatun suna da muhimmanci ga ƙasashe masu tasowa kuma galibi ana ba da fifikon su don ƙarfafa ci gaban tattalin arziki. [[Hakar ma'adinai]] da hakowa na iya buƙatar ci gaban ƙasa mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da [[Gandun daji|sare]] bishiyoyi kai tsaye. A [[Ghana]], wata ƙasa ta Yammacin Afirka, sare bishiyoyin da aka yi shekaru da yawa na aikin hakar ma'adinai ya bar kusan kashi 12% na asalin dazuzzukan ƙasar. <ref>Ismi, A. (1 October 2003), [http://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/monitor/october-2003-canadian-mining-companies-set-destroy-ghanas-forest-reserves Canadian mining companies set to destroy Ghana’s forest reserves], Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives Monitor, Ontario, Canada.</ref> ===== Juyowa zuwa ƙasar noma ===== Tare da kirkirar aikin gona, mutane sun sami damar share sassan gandun daji don samar da albarkatu, suna mai da shi zuwa filin noma . Irin waɗannan mutane, duk da haka, suna samun abincinsu da farko daga filayen gona da aka share daga cikin gandun daji <ref name="Philip L. Walker 1998">Walker, Philip L.; Sugiyama, Larry and Chacon, Richard (1998) [http://pages.uoregon.edu/sugiyama/docs/Diet%20and%20Dental%20Health.pdf "Diet, Dental Health, and Cultural Change among Recently Contacted South American Indian Hunter-Horticulturalists"], Ch. 17 in ''Human Dental Development, Morphology, and Pathology''. </ref> da farauta da cin abinci a cikin gandun daji don ƙarin wannan. Batun da ke tasowa shine tsakanin manomi mai zaman kansa da ke biya wa iyalinsa bukatun da bukatun duniya baki ɗaya. Wannan batun bai ga ɗan cigaba ba saboda babu wani tsari da aka kafa don duk ɓangarorin da za'a taimaka. Aikin gona a kan ƙasar dazuzzuka ba tare da wahala ba. Ƙasa dazuzzukan ƙanƙara sau da yawa kuma suna lalacewa da ma'adanai da yawa, kuma ruwan sama mai ƙarfi zai iya hanzarta fitar da abubuwan gina jiki daga yankin da aka share don noman. Mutane irin su Yanomamo na Amazon, suna amfani da aikin kashe-kashe da ƙonawa don shawo kan waɗannan ƙuntatawa da ba su damar shiga cikin zurfin cikin yanayin dazuzzukan daji. Ko yaya, waɗannan ba mazaunan gandun daji ba ne, a maimakon haka suna zaune ne a cikin gonakin da aka share <ref name="Philip L. Walker 1998"/> waɗanda ke yin ƙaura zuwa cikin gandun daji. Har zuwa 90% na abincin Yanamomo na yau da kullun ya fito ne daga tsirrai masu noma. <ref name="Philip L. Walker 1998" /> An dauki wani mataki ta hanyar ba da shawarar lokutan faduwa na kasar da ke ba da damar gandun daji na biyu ya yi girma ya cika kasa. Ayyuka masu fa'ida kamar maido da ƙasa da kiyayewa na iya amfanar da ƙaramin manomi kuma ya ba da damar ingantaccen samarwa akan ƙananan filayen ƙasa. ==== Canjin yanayi ==== Yankuna na wurare masu zafi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage gurɓataccen iskar carbon dioxide . Ƙasashe masu zafi (galibi gandun daji na Amazon ) ana kiransu da nutsewar carbon .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2013}} A matsayin manyan masu rage carbon da iskar gas da na ƙasa da methane, lalata su yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka tarkon makamashin duniya, iskar gas.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2013}} Canjin yanayi ya ba da gudummawa sosai ta hanyar lalata gandun daji. An yi wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka cire duk gandun daji a Afirka. Yin kwaikwaiyo ya nuna karuwar yanayin zafin yanayi ta 2.5 zuwa 5 digiri Celsius. === Kariya === Ƙoƙarin karewa da adana wuraren dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi iri -iri ne kuma sun bazu. Tsarin kula da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ya fito ne daga tsananin kiyaye mazaunin zuwa gano dabarun gudanarwa mai dorewa ga mutanen da ke zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Manufofin kasa da kasa sun kuma bullo da wani shirin karfafawa kasuwa da ake kira Rage Rage fitar da hayaki daga gandun dazuzzuka da lalata gandun daji (REDD) don kamfanoni da gwamnatoci su fara fitar da iskar carbon dinsu ta hanyar saka hannun jari na kudi cikin kiyaye gandun dajin. == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ck0m1tkje4p361i9b2ebo4kcr43tgba Houri 0 25729 891663 727675 2026-08-05T11:44:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Houris_on_Camelback_-_15th_century_Persia.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Houris_on_Camelback_-_15th_century_Persia.png|thumb|Houris a aljanna, hawa rakuma. Daga rubutun Farisa na ƙarni na 15.]] [[Fayil:Plaque métallique indiquant l'impasse El Houri زنقة الحوري.jpg|thumb|littafi mai magana houri]] A cikin [[Musulunci|addinin Islama]], '''houri''' mata ne da za su raka muminai musulmai masu aminci a cikin Aljanna.<ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/houris "Houri"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921120639/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/houris|date=2021-09-21}}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> Malaman Musulmai sun bambanta dangane da ko suna nufin matan muminai na wannan duniya ko wata halitta dabam, inda mafi rinjaye suka zaɓi na ƙarshen.<ref name="Study Quran,">{{cite book|editor1=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|editor2=Caner K. Dagli|editor3=Maria Massi Dakake|editor4=Joseph E.B. Lumbard|editor5=Mohammed Rustom|title=The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVSzBgAAQBAJ|date=2015|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-112586-7|location=[[New York City|New York, NY]]|ref={{SfnRef|The Study Quran}}}}</ref> == Etymology == A cikin amfani da Larabci na gargajiya, kalmar ''ḥūr'' (Larabci: حُور) jam'in ''ʾaḥwar'' ne (Larabci: أحْوَر) (namiji) da ''ḥawrāʾ'' (Larabci: حَوْراء) (na mata)<ref>see [http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0666.pdf ''Lane's Lexicon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002175154/http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/pdf/Page_0666.pdf |date=2021-10-02 }}, p. 666 and [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#HW4=260,HW3=230,LL=2_302,LS=2,HA=160,SG=322,BR=267,PR=47,AAN=152,VI=125,MGF=240,UQW=390,UMR=292,UMS=236,UMJ=189,LL_HIDE,LS_HIDE Hans Wehr, p. 247]</ref> wanda za a iya fassara shi da "samun idanu masu tsananin bambanci na fari da baki".<ref>''Wehr's Arabic-English Dictionary'', 1960.</ref> Kalmar "houri" ta shiga yaruka da yawa na Turai daga kusan ƙarni na 17 da 18. == Siffantarwa == An ambaci sa'o'i a wurare da dama na Al -Qur'ani, koyaushe cikin jam'i. Babu takamaiman lamba da aka taɓa bayarwa a cikin Alƙur'ani don adadin sa'o'i masu rakiyar kowane mai bi. === Bayanin Qur'ani === A cikin tafsirai da tafsirin Alqur'ani, an siffanta Houris da: * [[:en:Ya-Sin|36:55]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/36/55|title=Quran 36:55|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "Sahabbai",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=36&tAyahNo=55&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Yā Sīn|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:As-Saaffat|37:48]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/37/48|title=Quran 37:48|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "da manyan idanu masu kyau",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=37&tAyahNo=48&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir As-Saaffat|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:Ṣād_(surah)|38:52]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/38/52|title=Quran 38:52|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "sahabban kallo mara kyau sun yi daidai (a shekaru talatin da uku bisa ga wasu masu sharhi)"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=38&tAyahNo=52&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Saad|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:Ad-Dukhan|44:54]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/44/54|title=Quran 44:54|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> idanu masu fadi da kyau",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=44&tAyahNo=54&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Ad-Dukhan|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:At-Tur|52:20]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/52/20|title=Quran 52:20|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "kyawawan sa'o'i masu faɗi da kyawawan idanu",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=52&tAyahNo=20&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir At-Tur|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:Ar-Rahman|55:56]]<ref>http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/055%20Rahman.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/55/56|title=Quran 55:56|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=55&tAyahNo=56&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=TafsirAr-Rahman|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> "mutum ko aljani bai taɓa su ba",<ref>https://quran.com/55/56?translations=38,85,84,22,101,17,18,95</ref> 55:58 "kyakkyawa kamar yaƙutu da murjani",<ref>https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/55/58/</ref> 55:72<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/55/72|title=Quran 55:72|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "'yan mata masu idanu masu haske a cikin mafaka a cikin rumfuna",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=55&tAyahNo=72&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Ar-Rahman|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> 55:74<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/55/74|title=Quran 55:74|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "kowane mutum bai taɓa su ba",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=55&tAyahNo=74&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Ar-Rahman|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> "suna kwanciya a kan matashin koren kore. da kyawawan darduma",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=55&tAyahNo=76&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Ar-Rahman|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:Al-Waqi'a|56:8]]<ref>http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/056%20Waqiah.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/56/8|title=Quran 56:8|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=56&tAyahNo=8&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Ar-Al-Waqi'a|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> 56:22<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/56/22|title=Quran 56:22|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "tare da idanu masu tsananin duhu da aka saita akan fari na irises",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=56&tAyahNo=22&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Al-Waqi'a|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> 56:35<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/56/35|title=Quran 56:35|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> "an halicce su ba tare da tsarin haihuwa ba",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=56&tAyahNo=35&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Al-Waqi'a|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> * [[:en:An-Naba'|78:31–33]]<ref>http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/078%20Naba.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/78/31|title=Quran 78:31|work=Islam Awakened|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> kuma a matsayin "sahabbai masu kyau".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=78&tAyahNo=33&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir An-Naba'|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> ==== Ma'anar kalmar kawa'ib ==== Masu fassara da yawa - kamar Arberry, Palmer, Rodwell da Sale - sun fassara sunan ''ka'ib'' a cikin Alƙur'ani 78:33 da "tare da kumburin ƙirji".<ref>{{Cite quran|78|33|s=ns}}</ref> [[Ibn Kathir]], a cikin tafsirinsa, ya rubuta cewa an fassara kalmar don nufin "cikakken ci gaba" ko "zagaye nono ... suna nufin da wannan cewa ƙirjin waɗannan 'yan mata za su kasance cikakke -zagaye ba za su ragu ba, saboda za su kasance budurwai."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/TafsirIbnKathirVolume0110English_201702|author=Ibn Kathir|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir, Abridged, Volume 10 Surat At-Tagabun to the end of the Qur'an|pages=[https://archive.org/details/TafsirIbnKathirVolume0110English_201702/page/n332 333]–334}}</ref> Hakazalika, Lexicon na Ingilishi na Ingilishi na Edward William Lane ya fassara kalmar ''ka'ib'' a matsayin "Yarinyar da ƙirjinta ya fara kumbura, ko ya zama fitacce, ko mai yawan magana ko samun kumburi, shahararre, ko mai ƙyamar nono."<ref>[http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/22_k/112_kEb.html كعب] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110114838/http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/22_k/112_kEb.html |date=2018-01-10 }} in Lane's lexicon.</ref> Koyaya, M. A. S. Abdel Haleem da wasu sun nuna cewa bayanin anan yana nufin amfani da na gargajiya zuwa ƙuruciya maimakon jaddada fasalin zahiri na mata.<ref name="Heleem">{{cite book|title=Understanding the Qur'an: Themes and Style|url=https://archive.org/details/understandingqur00hale|url-access=limited|author=Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel|author-link=Muhammad Abdel Haleem|publisher=I.B Tauris|year=2011|isbn=9781845117894|pages=[https://archive.org/details/understandingqur00hale/page/n243 235]|chapter=Paradise in the Qur'an}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/193409/do-the-words-of-allah-and-full-breasted-maidens-of-equal-age-wa-kawaaib-atraaban-describe-the-breasts-of-al-hoor-al-iyn|title=Do the words of Allah, 'And full-breasted maidens of equal age (wa kawaa'ib atraaban)' describe the breasts of al-hoor al-'iyn?|date=29 April 2013|work=[[IslamQA]]|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> Wasu, irin su Abdullah Yusuf Ali, suna fassara ''ka'ib'' a matsayin "sahabbai",<ref>Abdullah Yusuf Ali: ''The Meanings of the Illustrious Qur'an'', Alminar Books, Houston, TX, 1997</ref> inda Muhammad Asad ya fassara kalmar da almara.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Message of The Qur'an]]|last=Asad|first=M.|author-link=Muhammad Asad|year=2003|chapter=(Surah) 56 [[Al-Waqi'a|Al-Waqiah]], ayah 38}} "As regards my rendering of kawa’ib as 'splendid companions', it is to be remembered that the term&nbsp;... from which it is derived has many meanings&nbsp;... one of these meanings is 'prominence', 'eminence' or 'glory' (Lisan al-Arab)&nbsp;... If we bear in mind that the Qur'anic descriptions of the blessings of paradise are always allegorical, we realize that in the above context the term kawa’ib can have no other meaning than 'glorious [or splendid] beings'."</ref> === Bayanin Hadisi === A cikin Hadisi, an bayyana Houris a matsayin "bayyananne ga kasusuwan kasusuwansu",<ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_v2">Abu `Isa Muhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Vol. 2.</ref><ref name="Bukhari_476">{{hadith-usc|bukhari|4|54|476|usc=yes}}</ref> "samari na har abada",<ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638">Abu `Isa Muhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, hadith: 5638</ref> "marasa gashi sai gira da kai",<ref name="Sunan_al-Tirmidhi_5638" /> "tsarki"<ref name="Bukhari_476" /> da "kyakkyawa".<ref name="Bukhari_476" /> Malaman hadisi na Sunni kuma suna ba da labarai da yawa na [[Muhammad|Annabi Muhammad]] wanda aka ambaci sa'o'i a cikin su. * Ruwaya ta shafi Bukhari{{Quote|Kowa zai sami mata biyu daga sa'o'i, (waɗanda za su yi kyau sosai, tsarkakakku kuma za a iya ganin su) za a ga bargon ƙasusuwan ƙafafunsu ta cikin ƙasusuwa da nama.<ref>{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|4|54|476}}</ref>}} * Wani, wanda Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri ya ruwaito, ya ruwaito hakan {{Quote|Kungiya ta farko da za ta shiga Aljanna za ta kasance kamar cikakken wata a cikin dare, kuma wanda ke biye da wannan ƙungiya zai kasance kamar mafi haskaka taurarin taurarin sama masu haskaka taurari a sararin sama; kowane mutum daga cikinsu zai sami mata biyu, bargon da ƙusoshinsa za su haskaka daga ƙarƙashin nama - babu wanda zai kasance ba tare da mata a Aljanna.<ref name="Muslim 40 6793">{{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|40|6793}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}}Tirmizi ya ruwaito{{Quote|Al-Hasan al-Basri ya ce wata tsohuwa ta zo wurin manzon Allah ta tambaye ta, ya Manzon Allah ka yi '' addua '' cewa Allah ya ba ni shiga Aljanna. Manzon Allah ya amsa, "Ya Uwa, tsohuwa ba za ta iya shiga Aljanna ba." Wannan matar ta fara kuka ta fara tafiya. Manzon Allah ya ce, "Ka ce wa mace cewa mutum ba zai shiga cikin tsufa ba, amma Allah zai sanya dukkan matan Aljanna 'yan mata budurwai.) halitta kuma ya sanya su budurwai, masoya, daidai da shekaru.{{'"}}<ref>Shamaa-il Tirmidhi, Chapter 035, Hadith Number 006 (230)</ref>}} Dangane da wani rahoto da [[Ibn Majah]] ya rawaito a cikin Sunansa: Kungiya ta farko da za ta shiga Aljanna za ta kasance kamar cikakken wata a cikin dare, kuma wanda ke biye da wannan ƙungiya zai kasance kamar mafi haskaka taurarin taurarin sama masu haskaka taurari a sararin sama; kowane mutum daga cikinsu zai sami mata biyu, bargon da ƙusoshinsa za su haskaka daga ƙarƙashin jiki - babu wanda zai kasance ba tare da mata a Aljanna.<ref name="Muslim 40 6793">''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', [https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/muslim/040-smt.php#040.6793 40:6793]</ref> * Tirmizi ya ruwaito: Al-Hasan Al-Basri yana cewa wata tsohuwa ta zo wurin manzon Allah ta tambaye ta, ya Manzon Allah ka yi addu’ar Allah ya ba ni shiga Aljanna. Manzon Allah ya amsa, "Ya Uwa, tsohuwa ba za ta iya shiga Aljanna ba." Wannan matar ta fara kuka ta fara tafiya. Manzon Allah ya ce, "Ka ce wa mace cewa mutum ba zai shiga cikin tsufa ba, amma Allah zai sanya dukkan matan Aljanna 'yan mata budurwai. ) halitta kuma ya sanya su budurwai, masoya, daidai da shekaru.' <nowiki>''</nowiki><ref>Shamaa-il Tirmidhi, Chapter 035, Hadith Number 006 (230)</ref> * Dangane da rahoton da Ibnu Majah ya rawaito a cikin Sunan nasa: Mace ba ta ɓata wa mijinta rai amma matarsa ​​daga cikin kuyangin da ke da manyan idanuwa masu tsananin fari da baƙar fata za su ce: “Kada ku ɓata masa rai, Allah Ya halakar da ku. Yana tare da ku a matsayin baƙo mai wucewa. rabu da ku ku zo mana."<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> <ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> ==== Magana game da "budurwai 72" ==== Malamin hadisi na Tirmizi ya nakalto annabi Muhammad yana cewa: {{Quote|Mafi ƙanƙan lada ga mutanen Aljanna shine mazauni inda akwai bayi dubu tamanin da awa saba'in da biyu, a samansa akwai tsattsarkar rumfar da aka yi wa ado da lu'u-lu'u, Beryl Aquamarine da maxixe aquamarine, da ruby, gwargwadon nisa daga Damascus zuwa Sana 'a ba.<ref>Volume IV, chapters on ''The Features of Heaven as described by the Messenger of Allah'', chapter 21: ''About the Smallest Reward for the People of Heaven'', hadith 2687</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/sp2-gfh_e.html#9|title=Various Questions Answered by Shaykh Gibril Haddad|publisher=Living Islam}}</ref>}} Duk da haka, wasu suna ƙin yarda cewa riwayar da ke baiwa dukkan maza mata saba'in da biyu tana da raunin riwaya.<ref name="Salahuddin Yusuf">Salahuddin Yusuf, ''Riyadhus Salihin'', commentary on Nawawi, Chapter 372, Dar-us-Salam Publications (1999), {{ISBN|1-59144-053-X}}, {{ISBN|978-1-59144-053-6}}</ref> Wani hadisi, kuma a cikin ''Jami`at-Tirmidhi'' kuma ana ɗaukarsa "mai kyau da sauti" (''hasan sahih'') yana ba da wannan ladan musamman ga shahidi: {{Quote|Akwai abubuwa shida a wurin Allah ga shahidi. An gafarta masa da zubar jini na farko (yana shan wahala), an nuna masa matsayinsa a Aljanna, an kare shi daga azaba a cikin kabari, an amintar da shi daga mafi girman ta'addanci, an ɗora kambin mutunci a kansa - da duwatsu masu daraja. sun fi duniya da abin da ke cikinta — ya auri mata saba'in da biyu a cikin sa’oi masu fadi (Larabci. اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ زَوْجَةً مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ) na Aljanna, kuma yana iya yin ceton saba'in daga cikin danginsa na kusa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/22/46|title=Hadith – The Book on Virtues of Jihad - Jami'at-Tirmidhi |website=Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)}}</ref>}} ==== Jima'i a Aljanna ==== A cikin Alqurani, babu inda aka ambaci jima'i a Aljanna.<ref name="Heleem" /> Sai dai an samu wanzuwar sa a cikin hadisai, tafsirai<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir - The Reward of Those on the Right After">Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir ibn Kathir (Quranic Commentary)'', "The Reward of Those on the Right After", [Chapter (Surah) Al-Waqiah (That Which Must Come To Pass)(56):35–36], Dar-us-Salam Publications, 2000, {{ISBN|1591440203}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/10053/will-men-in-paradise-have-intercourse-with-al-hoor-aliyn|title=Will men in Paradise have intercourse with al-hoor aliyn?|date=30 August 2000|work=[[IslamQA]]|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref> da tafsirin musulunci.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://muflihun.com/ibnmajah/37/4337|title=Volume 5:37 Book of Zuhd 4337|author=Imam Muhammad Ibn Majah|work=Muflihun.com|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=1&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=36&tAyahNo=55&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2|title=Tafsir Yā Sīn|author=al-Jalalayn|work=[[Tafsir al-Jalalayn]]|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sexuality in Islam|publisher=[[Routledge]]|date=2008|author=Bouhdiba, Abdelwahab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sIRsgQ5639oC&pg=PA76|isbn=9780415426008|pages=75–76}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Islam: Questions and Answers: Basic Tenets of Faith: Belief (Part 2)|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|date=2003|author=Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-q0sI_3KZEC&q=415|isbn=1861790864|pages=415–419}}</ref> === Masu tafsirin Alqur'ani === Majiyoyin Sunni sun ambaci cewa kamar dukkan maza da mata na Aljanna, masu sa'a ba sa fuskantar fitsari, najasa ko haila.<ref name="Religious_Sciences">[[Al-Ghazali|Al Ghazzali]], Ihya ʿUlum al-Din (The Revival of the Religious Sciences) Vol. 4</ref> Ibn Kathir ya bayyana cewa aljanu za su sami sahabban aljannu mata a Aljanna.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ismail ibn Kathir|author-link=Ibn Kathir|title=[[Tafsir ibn Kathir]]|year=2000|chapter=The Reward of Those on the Right After}}</ref> Al-Qurtubi ya sulhunta hadisin da ya bayyana cewa mafi yawan mazaunan wuta (Jahannama) za su kasance mata ta hanyar ba da shawarar cewa da yawa daga cikin matan da za su zama masu rinjaye a cikin Jahannama za su kasance cikin masu zunubi waɗanda za su zauna a can na ɗan lokaci sannan kuma a fitar da su daga wuta zuwa Aljanna; bayan haka mafi yawan mutanen Aljanna za su kasance mata.<ref name="Qurtubi">at-Tadhkirah, al-Qurtubî, p. 475</ref> == Jinsi da asali == A al'adance an yi imani da cewa houris kyawawan mata ne waɗanda aka yi musu alƙawarin lada ga muminai maza,<ref name="dawn-houri-20">{{cite web|title=Are all 'houris' female?|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/635343|website=Dawn.com|access-date=22 April 2019|date=9 June 2011}}</ref> tare da ɗimbin hadisi da tafsirin Alƙur'ani waɗanda ke kwatanta su haka.<ref name="iqa-intercourse">{{cite web|title=Question 10053. Will men in Paradise have intercourse with al-hoor aliyn?|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/10053/will-men-in-paradise-have-intercourse-with-al-hoor-aliyn|website=Islam Question and Answer|access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, duk da haka, wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa kalmar ḥūr tana nufin duka tsarkakakkun maza da tsarkakakkun mata (kasancewa kalmar jam’i ce ga duka nau'ikan maza da na mata waɗanda ke nufin fari) da imani cewa kalmar houris tana nufin mata kawai wadanda suke cikin aljanna kuskure ne.<ref name="dawn-houri-20" /> Alkur'ani ya yi amfani da sifofi na mata da na tsaka-tsakin jinsi don bayyana houri,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=56&verse=22|title=Corpus Quran by the University of Leeds, Surah 56:22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=52&verse=20#(52:20:7)|title=Ibid Surah 52:20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=55&verse=72#(55:72:1)|title=Ibid Surah 55:72}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=56&verse=22#(56:22:2|title=Ibid Surah 56:23}}</ref> ta hanyar kwatanta su da adjective mara iyaka عِينٌ, wanda wasu suka ɗauka don nuna cewa wasu wurare suna nufin sahabban maza da mata.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Message of the Quran, Surah 56:22 [8]|last=Asad|first=M.|quote=The noun hur—rendered by me as ''companions pure''—is a plural of both ''ahwar'' (masc.) and ''hawra' ''(fem.)}}</ref> Bugu da kari, amfani da karin magana na maza ga sahabban sa’a baya nuna cewa wannan kawancen ya takaita ne ga maza, kamar yadda tsarin maza ya kunshi mace a cikin Larabci na gargajiya da na Al-Qur’ani-don haka yana aiki azaman jinsi duka gami da tsari na asali-kuma yana da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Alƙur'ani don yin magana ga dukkan bil'adama da duk masu bi gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=2&verse=104#(2:104:1)|title=Ibid Surah 2:104}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=2&verse=93#(2:93:11)|title=Ibid Surah 2:93}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp?chapter=2&verse=172#(2:172:3)|title=Surah 2:172}}</ref> A cikin Sakon Alkur'ani, Muhammad Asad ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da kalmar inr a cikin ayoyin 44:54 & 56:22, yana mai jayayya da cewa "sunan ḥūr - wanda na sanya shi a matsayin 'sahabbai tsarkaka' - jam'i ne na duka biyun. aḥwār (namiji) da ḥawrā '(na mata) ... saboda haka, ma'anar mahaɗin hurʿīn tana nufin, kusan, 'tsarkakakku, mafi kyawun ido'."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ibid The Message of the Quran by M. Asad, Surah 56:22 note [8]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Ibid The Message of the Quran by M. Asad, Surah 44:54 note [30]|quote=For the rendering of hur 'in as 'companions pure, most beautiful of eye', see surah {56}, notes [8] and [13]. It is to be noted that the noun zawj (lit., 'a pair' or – according to the context – 'one of a pair') applies to either of the two sexes, as does the transitive verb zawaja, 'he paired' or 'joined', i.e., one person with another.}}</ref> === Dangantaka ga matan duniya === Dangane da matsayin tsinkaye na wannan mata ta duniya vis-a-vis houris, masu ilimin sun kiyaye cewa adalai na wannan rayuwar suna da matsayi mafi girma fiye da na houris.<ref name="Study Quran," /> Masanin tauhidi na sunna Aḥmad al-Ṣāwī (shekara ta 1825), a cikin tafsirinsa kan aikin Ahmad al-Dardir, ya ce, “Matsayin da ya dace shi ne cewa matan wannan duniya za su fi budurwowi masu duhu duhu sau dubu saba'in (''ḥūr ʿīn'')."<ref>{{cite book|last=al-Ṣāwī|first=Aḥmad|date=1947|orig-year=composed 1813|title=Ḥashiyat ʿAlā Sharḥ al-Kharīdat al-Bahīyah|trans-title=An Annotative Commentary Upon "The Resplendent Pearl"|location=Cairo|publisher=Maṭbaʿat Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Awlāduh|page=67|url=https://archive.org/details/khareda|quote=والصحيح: أنّ نساء الدنيا يكنّ أفضل من الحور العين بسبعين ألف ضعف.}}</ref> Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar Baḥraq (rasuwa 1524) ya ambaci a cikin littafin sa na farko ga yara cewa "Matan Adam sun fi 'yan mata masu duhu ido saboda addu'o'in su, azumin su, da ibadun su."<ref>{{cite book|last=Bahraq al-Yamanī|first=Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar|orig-year=composed 15th-16th century|date=1996|title=Ḥilyat al-Banāt wa'l-Banīn wa Zīnat al-Dunyā wa'l-Dīn|trans-title=The Splendour of Girls and Boys and the Adornment of This Life and the Next|publisher=Dār al-Ḥāwī|page=129|url=https://archive.org/details/Hlyat.Albnatwal.banin/page/n128|quote=والنّساء الآدميّات أفضل من الحور العين بصلاتهنّ وصيامهنّ وعبادتهنّ.}}</ref> Sauran hukumomi suna nuna suna nuna cewa houris da kansu sune matan wannan duniyar da aka tashe su a cikin sabon salo, tare da Razi yayi sharhi cewa a cikin houris da aka ambata a cikin Alƙur'ani suma za su kasance "[har ma] waɗancan tsoffin mata na ku waɗanda Allah zai tayar da su a matsayin sabbin halittu."<ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Message of The Qur'an]]|author=Asad, M.|author-link=Muhammad Asad|year=2003|at=Al-Hasan, quoted by Razi in his comments on 44:54|chapter=(Surah) 56 Al-Waqiah, ayah 22}}</ref><ref name="Right After">{{cite book|author=Ismail ibn Kathir|author-link=Ibn Kathir|title=[[Tafsir ibn Kathir]]|year=2000|at=The Reward of Those on the Right After|chapter=(Surah) 56 Al-Waqiah ayat 35–36}}</ref> Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari ya ambaci cewa duk mata masu adalci, duk da tsufa da ruɓan da suka kasance a duniya, za a tashe su a matsayin budurwai kuma za su kasance, kamar takwarorinsu maza, su kasance matasa har abada a cikin aljanna.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Message of The Qur'an]]|last=Asad|first=M.|author-link=Muhammad Asad|year=2003|chapter=(Surah) 56 Al-Waqiah, ayat 35–36}}</ref> === Mata daidai === Wasu suna jayayya cewa yayin da kalmar "houri" na iya nufin abokai mata, "wannan ba lallai bane ya hana wanzuwar kyakkyawan sahabban maza ga muminai mata".<ref>{{cite web|title=What Will Be the Reward of Women in Paradise?|url=https://seekersguidance.org/answers/general-counsel/what-will-be-the-reward-of-women-in-paradise/|author=Ansari, Zaynab|website=SeekersGuidance|access-date=29 January 2020|date=25 August 2011}}</ref> An ambaci rashin ambaton wasu sahabbai na musamman ga mahallin zamantakewar Larabawa kafin Jahiliyya, inda aka ɗauki nassosin mata ba su dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e18.html|title=Concerning The Hur al-'Ayn (Houris): Are the Hur al-'Ayn exclusively female?|work=Living Islam|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/295137/does-the-quran-mention-the-bliss-of-the-believing-women-in-paradise|title=Does the Qur'an mention the bliss of the believing women in Paradise?|date=12 September 2018|work=[[IslamQA]]|access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref> == Alama == Muhammad Asad ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a ɗauki nassosin sa'oi da sauran hotunan aljanna a matsayin almara maimakon na zahiri, yana mai nuni da "rashin yiwuwar mutum ya yi tunanin 'aljanna' '. Don goyon bayan wannan ra'ayi ya kawo ayar Alkur'ani aya ta 32:17<ref>{{Cite quran|32|17|s=ns}}</ref> da hadisin da aka samu a cikin Bukhari da Muslim.<ref>https://archive.org/stream/TheMessageOfTheQuran_20140419/55877864-54484011-Message-of-Quran-Muhammad-Asad-Islam-Translation_djvu.txt ""what is kept hidden for them [by way] of a joy of the eyes", i.e., of blissful delights, irrespective of whether seen, heard or felt. The expression "what is kept hidden for them" clearly alludes to the unknowable - and, therefore, only allegorically describable - quality of life in the hereafter. The impossibility of man's really "imagining" paradise has been summed up by the Prophet in the well-authenticated hadith; "God says: 'I have readied for My righteous servants what no eye has ever seen, and no ear has ever heard, and no heart of man has ever conceived'" (Bukhari and Muslim, on the authority of Abu Hurayrah; also Tirmidhi). This hadith has always been regarded by the Companions as the Prophet's own comment on the above verse'(cf. Fath al-Bari VIII, 418 f.). "</ref> Masanin falsafar 'yan [[Shi'a]] Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai ya ambaci cewa mafi mahimmancin gaskiyar bayanin sa'ar shine cewa kyawawan ayyukan da muminai ke yi ana sake ramawa da sa'a, waɗanda su ne sifofin zahiri na sifofi masu kyau waɗanda ba za su shuɗe ba tsawon lokaci da wanda zai zama amintattun sahabbai ga waɗanda suke rakiya.<ref name="Tafsir Almizan">[[Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai]], [[Tafsir al-Mizan]]</ref> == Rigima == Nerina Rustjomi ta bayar da hujjar cewa rashin amfani da kalmar <nowiki>''houri'' da 'yan ta'</nowiki>adda na Islama ke yi ya sa Amurkawa suna da karkatacciyar fahimta game da kalmar tare da kwatanta Musulunci a matsayin "addini wanda yake da halin son zuciya, tashin hankali, da rashin hankali".<ref>Campbell, Robert A. (2010). ''Women, War, & Hypocrites: Studying the Qur'an''. Cape Breton University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-897009-53-6}} (167–170)</ref> A madadin haka, Annemarie Schimmel ta ce ya kamata a duba bayanin Al -Qur'ani na sa'o'i cikin yanayin soyayya; "duk mutumin kirki wanda yake rayuwa bisa tsarin Allah zai shiga Aljanna inda kogunan madara da zuma ke gudana cikin sanyi, lambuna masu kamshi da masoyan budurwa suna jiran gida".<ref>Annemarie Schimmel, ''Islam: An Introduction'', p. 13, "Muhammad"</ref> == Manazarta == 09nc5e8xh0ptk7o8n6dwd13a1qn86wm Haƙƙin Ilimi 0 30683 891633 871230 2026-08-05T09:19:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891633 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:The_Right_to_Education_-_Refugees.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Daliban 'yan gudun hijira na Siriya, Lebanon, 2016]]   An amince da haƙƙin ilimi a matsayin [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|Hakkin ɗan adam]] a cikin tarurruka da yawa na duniya, gami da Alkawarin Duniya kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu wanda ya amince da haƙƙoƙin kyauta, ilimin firamare ga kowa, wajibi ne don haɓaka ilimin sakandare na gaba ɗaya tare da gabatar da ci gaba na Ilimi na sakandare kyauta, da kuma wajibi ne don bunkasa daidaito ga ilimi mafi girma, musamman ta hanyar gabatar da ilimi mafi girma kyauta. A cikin 2021, jihohi 171 sun kasance jam'iyyun Alkawari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Treaty Collections |date=2021 |title=International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4}}</ref> A cikin 2021, sabon jimlar yara da ba sa zuwa makaranta sun kai miliyan 250, tare da rashin daidaito na zamantakewa a matsayin babban dalilin. A duk duniya, kashi 16% na matasa ba su halarci kowane irin makaranta a 2023, tare da matakin farko na ilimi yana zaune a 1 daga cikin yara 10 ba su halarta ba. Kashi 48% na yawan mutanen da ba su halarci makaranta ba 'yan mata ne da' yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |date=2023-09-21 |title=250 million children out-of-school: What you need to know about UNESCO's latest education data |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/250-million-children-out-school-what-you-need-know-about-unescos-latest-education-data |access-date=2025-03-07}}</ref> Shirin Ma'aunin 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries |url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/ |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=humanrightsmeasurement.org}}</ref> yana auna haƙƙin ilimi ga ƙasashe a duniya, bisa ga matakin samun kudin shiga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education - HRMI Rights Tracker |url=https://rightstracker.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329085646/https://rightstracker.org/ |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=2022-03-09 |website=rightstracker.org |language=en}}</ref> == Tushen shari'a na kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:CRPD_members.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa jihohin da suka sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da su ba jihohin da ba su sanya hannu ba<div style="text-align: left"><templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#008000|states parties}}<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#00ff00|states that have signed, but not ratified}}<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />{{legend|#e0e0e0|states that have not signed}}</div>]] Hakkin ilimi an nuna shi a cikin Mataki na 26 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights, wanda ya ce:<blockquote>"Kowane mutum yana da 'yancin ilimi. Ilimi zai kasance kyauta, aƙalla a cikin matakai na farko da na asali. Ilimi na farko zai zama tilas. Za a ba da ilimi na fasaha da na sana'a gabaɗaya kuma ilimi mafi girma zai kasance daidai ga kowa bisa ga cancanta. Za a yi amfani da ilimi ga cikakken ci gaban mutuntaka da kuma karfafa girmamawa ga zaɓin haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yanci na asali. Za a inganta fahimta, haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙinsu na gaba ga kowane al' yancin da ya kasance ga waɗannan ɗalibai na zaman lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 26 |url=http://www.claiminghumanrights.org/udhr_article_26.html#at28 |access-date=2016-10-05 |website=claiminghumanrights.org}}</ref></blockquote>An sake tabbatar da haƙƙin ilimi a cikin Yarjejeniyar UNESCO ta 1960 game da nuna bambanci a Ilimi, Yarjejeniyar Duniya ta 1966 kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu, <ref name="un.org">{{Cite web |title=Article 26, Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 13, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm#art13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303114220/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2012}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar 1981 kan kawar da Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci ga Mata, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article 14, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm#art14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303114220/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2012}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar 1989 kan' yancin Yara, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child |website=OHCHR}}</ref> da Yarjejeniyar 2006 kan' yankancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa. A Afirka, duka Yarjejeniyar Afirka ta 1981 kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights / Legal Instruments |url=http://www.achpr.org/instruments/achpr/ |access-date=2016-01-12 |website=achpr.org}}</ref> da Yarjejeniyar Afrika ta 1990 kan' Yancin Dan Adam ta amince da haƙƙin ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child {{!}} African Union |url=https://au.int/en/treaties/african-charter-rights-and-welfare-child |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423003959/https://au.int/en/treaties/african-charter-rights-and-welfare-child |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-23 |website=au.int}}</ref> A Turai, Mataki na 2 na Yarjejeniyar farko ta 20 Maris 1952 ga [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] ya bayyana cewa an amince da haƙƙin ilimi a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma an fahimci shi don kafa haƙƙin ilimi. Dangane da [[Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan Haƙƙin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu|Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu]], haƙƙin ilimi ya haɗa da haƙƙin kyauta, tilastawa na ilimi na firamare ga kowa, wajibi ne don haɓaka ilimin sakandare wanda kowa zai iya samu musamman ta hanyar ci gaba da gabatar da ilimin sakandare kyauta, da kuma wajibi ne don bunkasa daidaito ga ilimi mafi girma musamman ta hanyar gabatar da ilimi mafi girma kyauta. Hakkin ilimi ya haɗa da alhakin samar da ilimi na asali ga mutanen da ba su kammala karatun firamare ba. Baya ga waɗannan damar samun ilimi, haƙƙin ilimi ya haɗa da wajibin kawar da nuna bambanci a duk matakan tsarin ilimi, don saita mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi, da inganta inganci. Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam a Strasbourg ta yi amfani da wannan ka'ida misali a cikin shari'ar harshe ta Belgium. Mataki na 10 na Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai ya tabbatar da haƙƙin ilimin sana'a. Dangane da kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya a karkashin dokar Kwaskwarima ta 86 ta 2002, Akwai 'yancin ilimi kyauta da tilas har zuwa shekaru 6-14. An yi jayayya cewa "dokar kasa da kasa ba ta ba da kariya mai tasiri ga haƙƙin ilimin firamare ba", kodayake yarjejeniyoyi biyu na duniya a bayyane suna nufin ilimi kafin makarantar firamare: * [[Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'o'in nuna bambanci ga mata]] tana buƙatar jihohi su tabbatar da daidaito ga 'yan mata "a makarantar sakandare", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cedaw.pdf |access-date=27 August 2023}}</ref> * a cikin Yarjejeniyar kan Kare Hakkin Dukkanin Ma'aikatan Migrantes da membobin Iyalansu jam'iyyun jihohi sun yarda cewa ba za a hana samun damar shiga "cibiyoyin ilimi na jama'a" ba saboda "yanayin iyaye ko yaro game da zama".<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-protection-rights-all-migrant-workers |website=OHCHR |language=en}}</ref> A bayyane yake, [[Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman|Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa]] ta buƙaci cewa "Ƙungiyoyin Jihohi za su tabbatar da tsarin ilimi mai haɗa kai a kowane mataki".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – Articles &#124; United Nations Enable |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities-2.html |website=www.un.org}}</ref> A cikin 2019 kwamitin masana na shari'ar kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa sun karɓi ka'idodin Abidjan kan Hakkin Ilimi bayan shekaru uku na ci gaba. An san shi a matsayin rubutun fassarar iko ta wasu hukumomin kasa da kasa da na yanki kamar Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |date=9 July 2019 |title=The right to education: follow-up to Human Rights Council resolution 8/4 |url=https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/41/L.26 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=ap.ohchr.org}}</ref> Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Jama'a na Turai, <ref>{{Cite web |last=European Committee of Social Rights |date=March 2020 |title=European Social Charter |url=https://rm.coe.int/general-intro-2019-rev-en-/16809e09f3}}</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka|Hukumar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2019 |title=Resolution on States' Obligation to Regulate Private Actors Involved in the Provision of Health and Education Services - ACHPR / Res. 420 (LXIV) 2019 |url=https://achpr.au.int/index.php/en/adopted-resolutions/420-resolution-states-obligation-regulate-private-actors-involved-prov |website=African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights}}</ref> da Hukumar Inter-Amurka kan 'YanYancin Dan adam, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |date=2021 |title=Declaration of Inter-American Principles on Academic Freedom and University Autonomy |url=https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/Principios_Libertad_Academica.pdf}}</ref> manufar su ita ce bayar da jihohi da sauran' yan wasan kwaikwayo tsarin tunani don magance tashin hankali da tambayoyin da suka shafi shiga cikin ilimi na masu zaman kansu da kasuwanci. A watan Yunin 2024, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da kafa ƙungiyar aiki tare da umarnin "bincike yiwuwar, bayyanawa da kuma gabatar wa Majalisar Kare Hakki na Dan Adam da wani tsari na zaɓi ga [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]] tare da manufar: (a) A bayyane ya gane cewa haƙƙin ilimi ya haɗa da Kula da yara da ilimi; (b) A bayyananne cewa, tare da neman samun haƙƙin ilimi na ilimi, Jihohi za su: (i) Sa ilimi na farko kyauta ga kowa, farawa da shekara ɗaya) <ref>{{Cite web |title=A/HRC/56/L.8/Rev.1 |url=https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A/HRC/56/L.8/Rev.1&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=undocs.org}}</ref> == Ma'anar == [[Fayil:2014_AMISOM_CIMIC_Schools_Visit-7_(13660767724).jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Yarinya daliba a [[Mogadishu]]]] Ilimi shine samun dama ga umarnin ma'aikata na yau da kullun kuma shine tsarin tsarin tsarin ƙimar ilmantarwa, ilimi, halaye da ƙwarewa. Gabaɗaya, kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa suna amfani da kalmar a wannan ma'anar kuma haƙƙin ilimi, kamar yadda kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa suka kare, suna nufin ilimi da farko a cikin ƙayyadadden ma'ana. Yarjejeniyar [[UNESCO]] ta 1960 game da nuna bambanci a cikin Ilimi [[Ma'anar Ilimi|ya bayyana ilimi]] a cikin Mataki na 1 (2) kamar haka: "duk nau'ikan da matakan ilimi, (gami da irin wannan) samun damar ilimi, daidaito da ingancin ilimi, da kuma yanayin da aka ba shi. " [[Fayil:2014_AMISOM_CIMIC_Schools_Visit-6_(13660432595).jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Ɗalibi yana koyar da wasu ɗalibai a [[Mogadishu]]]] A cikin ma'anar ilimi na iya bayyana "duk ayyukan da ƙungiyar ɗan adam ke watsawa ga zuriyarta wani ilmi da ƙwarewa da kuma ka'idar ɗabi'a wanda ke ba da damar ƙungiyar ta rayu". A wannan ma'anar ilimi yana nufin watsawa ga ƙarni na gaba na waɗancan ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don yin ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun, da kuma ci gaba da wucewa kan dabi'un zamantakewa, al'adu, ruhaniya da falsafar takamaiman al'umma. An amince da ma'anar ilimi a cikin Mataki na 1 (a) na Shawarwarin [[UNESCO]] na 1974 game da Ilimi don Fahimtar Kasa da Kasa, Haɗin Kai da Zaman Lafiya da Ilimi da suka shafi 'Yancin Dan Adam da' Yancin Tushen.<blockquote>"dukan tsarin rayuwar zamantakewa ta hanyar da mutane da kungiyoyin zamantakewa ke koyon bunkasa da gangan a ciki, kuma don amfanin, al'ummomin ƙasa da na duniya, duk iyawarsu, halayen, ƙwarewa da ilimi. "</blockquote>Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ta bayyana ilimi a takaice a matsayin "koyarwa ko umarni... musamman ga watsa ilimi da ci gaban ilimi" kuma a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi a matsayin "duk tsarin da, a kowane al'umma, manya ke ƙoƙarin watsa imanin su, al'adu da sauran dabi'u ga matasa". == Binciken cikawa == [[Fayil:The_4As.svg|right|thumb|500x500px|4As]] Ana iya kimanta cikar haƙƙin ilimi ta amfani da tsarin 4As, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa don ilimi ya zama haƙƙin ma'ana dole ne ya kasance, mai sauƙi, mai karɓa da daidaitawa. Tsohon mai ba da rahoto na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin ilimi, Katarina Tomasevski, ne ya kirkiro tsarin 4As, amma ba lallai ba ne a matsayin ma'auni da aka yi amfani da shi a kowane [[Kayan kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa|kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa]] kuma saboda haka ba jagora ba ne game da yadda ake bi da' yancin ilimi a karkashin dokar ƙasa.<ref name="4as">{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Education and the 4 As |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/226 |access-date=2009-02-21 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> Tsarin 4As ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatoci, a matsayin manyan masu ɗaukar aiki, dole ne su girmama, karewa da cika haƙƙin ilimi ta hanyar samar da ilimi, mai sauƙi, mai karɓa da daidaitawa. Tsarin kuma yana sanya ayyuka a kan wasu masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin tsarin ilimi: yaro, wanda a matsayin mai daraja na haƙƙin ilimi yana da aikin bin bukatun [[Ilimi na tilas]], iyaye a matsayin '[[Malami|malamai]] na farko', da kuma masu sana'a, wato malamai.<ref name="4as"/> An kara bayyana 4As kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Primer on the right to education |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/232 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302065906/http://www.right-to-education.org/node/232 |archive-date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2009-02-21 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> * [[Samun sa]]- gwamnatoci ne ke tallafawa, ilimi na duniya ne, kyauta kuma tilas ne. Ya kamata a sami kayan aiki da kayan aiki masu kyau tare da isasshen littattafai da kayan aiki ga ɗalibai. Ya kamata gine-gine su cika ka'idojin aminci da tsabta, kamar samun [[ruwan sha]] mai tsabta. Rubuce-rubuce masu aiki, horo mai kyau da hanyoyin riƙewa masu dacewa ya kamata su tabbatar da cewa akwai isasshen ma'aikatan da suka cancanta a kowace makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Availability |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/227 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> * Samun dama - duk yara ya kamata su sami daidaitattun damar yin amfani da ayyukan makaranta, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, launin fata, addini, kabilanci ko matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ya kamata a yi kokari don tabbatar da hada kungiyoyin da aka ware ciki har da 'ya'yan 'yan gudun hijira, marasa gida ko waɗanda ke da nakasa; a takaice ya kamata a sami damar samun ilimi na duniya watau samun dama ga kowa. Ya kamata a ba wa yara da suka fada cikin talauci damar samun ilimi saboda yana inganta ci gaban tunanin su da zamantakewar su. Ya kamata a sami nau'ikan rarrabewa ko hana samun dama ga kowane ɗalibi. Wannan ya haɗa da tabbatar da cewa dokoki masu kyau suna aiki game da duk wani [[aikin yara]] ko cin zarafi don hana yara samun ilimin firamare ko sakandare. Makarantu dole ne su kasance a cikin nesa mai kyau ga yara a cikin al'umma, in ba haka ba ya kamata a samar da sufuri ga ɗalibai, musamman waɗanda zasu iya zama a yankunan karkara, don tabbatar da hanyoyin zuwa makaranta suna da aminci da dacewa. Ilimi ya kamata ya kasance mai araha ga kowa, tare da litattafai, kayan aiki da kayan aiki da aka bayar ga ɗalibai ba tare da ƙarin farashi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Accessibility |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/228 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> * [[Acceptabilities|Amincewa]] - ingancin ilimin da aka bayar ya kamata ya kasance ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, ya dace kuma ya dace da al'adu ga dukkan dalibai. Bai kamata a sa ran dalibai su bi kowane takamaiman ra'ayi na addini ko akida ba. Hanyoyin koyarwa ya kamata su kasance masu ma'ana kuma ba tare da nuna bambanci ba kuma kayan da ke akwai ya kamata su nuna ra'ayoyi da imani da yawa. Ya kamata a jaddada kiwon lafiya da aminci a cikin makarantu ciki har da kawar da kowane nau'in azabtarwa na jiki. Ya kamata a ci gaba da ƙwarewar ma'aikata da malamai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Acceptability |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/229 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> * Daidaitawa - shirye-shiryen ilimi ya kamata su kasance masu sassauci kuma su iya daidaitawa bisa ga canje-canjen al'umma da bukatun al'umma. Ya kamata makarantu su girmama bukukuwan addini ko al'adu don karɓar ɗalibai, tare da samar da isasshen kulawa ga waɗancan ɗaliban da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Right to education – What is it? Adaptability |url=http://www.right-to-education.org/node/230 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Right to Education project}}</ref> Yawancin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na kasa da kasa da kungiyoyin agaji suna aiki don fahimtar haƙƙin ilimi ta amfani da tsarin haƙƙin ci gaba.<ref name="unicef.org">{{Cite web |title=What is HRBAP? {{!}} Human Rights-based Approach to Programming {{!}} UNICEF |url=http://www.unicef.org/policyanalysis/rights/index_62012.html |access-date=2016-09-28 |website=UNICEF}}</ref> == Ci gaban tarihi == A Turai, kafin [[Zamanin Haskakawa|Haskakawa]] na karni na goma sha takwas da na goma sha tara, ilimi alhakin iyaye ne da coci. Tare da juyin juya halin Faransa da Amurka, an kafa ilimi a matsayin aikin jama'a. An yi tunanin cewa jihar, ta hanyar ɗaukar rawar da ta fi dacewa a fannin ilimi, na iya taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi ga kowa. Ilimi ya zuwa yanzu ya kasance da farko ga manyan ɗalibai na zamantakewa kuma an fahimci ilimin jama'a a matsayin hanyar fahimtar manufofin [[Daidaitawa|daidaito]] da ke nuna juyin juya halin biyu. Koyaya, ba Sanarwar 'Yancin Kai ta Amurka (1776) ko kuma [[Bayanin haƙƙoƙin dan adam da na jama'a|Sanarwar 'Yancin Mutum da na' Yan kasa]] ta Faransa (1789) ba ta kare haƙƙin ilimi ba, kamar yadda ra'ayoyin' [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin ɗan adam]] a ƙarni na sha tara suka yi la'akari da cewa iyaye sun riƙe aikin farko don samar da ilimi ga yaransu. Wajibi ne ga jihar ta tabbatar da cewa iyaye sun bi wannan aikin, kuma jihohi da yawa sun kafa dokoki da ke tilasta halartar makaranta. Bugu da ƙari, an kafa dokokin [[aikin yara]] don iyakance yawan sa'o'i a kowace rana da yara za a iya amfani da su, don tabbatar da cewa yara za su halarci makaranta. Jihohi kuma sun shiga cikin ka'idojin doka na tsarin karatun kuma sun kafa mafi ƙarancin ka'idoji na ilimi. A cikin On Liberty, John Stuart Mill ya rubuta cewa " ilimantarwa da Gwamnati ta kafa kuma tana sarrafawa ya kamata ya kasance kawai, idan ya wanzu kwata-kwata, a matsayin daya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, waɗanda aka gudanar don manufar misali da ƙarfafawa don kiyaye wasu zuwa wani matsayi na ƙwarewa". Masu tunani na Liberal na ƙarni na goma sha tara sun nuna haɗarin shiga cikin jihar da yawa a fannin ilimi, amma sun dogara da sa hannun gwamnati don rage rinjayar coci, da kuma kare haƙƙin ilimi na yara daga iyayensu. A ƙarshen rabin karni na sha tara, an haɗa haƙƙin ilimi a cikin takardun haƙƙin gida. 1849 ''Paulskirchenverfassung'', kundin tsarin mulkin Daular Jamus, ya yi tasiri sosai ga kundin tsarin mulkin Turai na gaba kuma ya ba da Mataki na 152 zuwa 158 na lissafin haƙƙin ilimi. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya amince da ilimi a matsayin aikin jihar, mai zaman kanta daga coci. Abin mamaki a lokacin, kundin tsarin mulki ya ayyana haƙƙin ilimi kyauta ga matalauta, amma kundin tsarin mulki bai buƙaci jihar ta kafa cibiyoyin ilimi ba. Maimakon haka kundin tsarin mulki ya kare haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa don kafawa da gudanar da makarantu da kuma samar da ilimin gida. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya kuma ba da 'yancin kimiyya da koyarwa, kuma ya tabbatar da haƙƙin kowa da kowa ya zaɓi sana'a kuma ya horar da shi. Karni na goma sha tara ya kuma ga ci gaban ka'idar gurguzu, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa babban aikin jihar shine tabbatar da tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar shiga tsakani da tsari. Ka'idar zamantakewar al'umma ta fahimci cewa mutane suna da'awar ayyukan jin dadin jama'a na asali game da jihar kuma ana kallon ilimi a matsayin daya daga cikin wadannan hakkoki na jin dadin jamaʼa. Wannan ya bambanta da ka'idar sassaucin ra'ayi a lokacin, wanda ke ɗaukar 'yan wasan da ba na gwamnati ba a matsayin manyan masu ba da ilimi. A shekara ta 1917 kundin tsarin mulkin Mexico shine na farko da ya tabbatar da ilimi kyauta da na duniya. Daga baya, an tsarkake manufofin gurguzu a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Soviet na 1936, wanda ya amince da haƙƙin ilimi tare da wajibin da ya dace na jihar don samar da irin wannan ilimi. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tabbatar da ilimi kyauta da tilas a kowane mataki, tsarin tallafin karatu na jihar da horo na sana'a a cikin kamfanonin jihar. Daga baya, haƙƙin ilimi ya nuna sosai a cikin kundin tsarin mulki na jihohin gurguzu. A matsayin burin siyasa, an ayyana haƙƙin ilimi a cikin jawabin F. D. Roosevelt na 1944 game da Dokar 'Yancin Biyu. Dokar kasa da kasa ta fara tsara haƙƙin ilimi bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheppard |first=Bede |date=30 May 2022 |title=It's Time to Expand the Right to Education |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2022.2071401 |journal=Nordic Journal of Human Rights |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=98 |doi=10.1080/18918131.2022.2071401 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Matsayin ilimi ga mutane, al'umma da jihar == Ilimi a duk siffofinsa (na al'ada, ba na al'ada ba, da kuma na al'umma) yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da mutuncin dukkan mutane. Manufofin ilimi, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa (IHRL), duk an tsara su ne don cimma hakkokin mutum da mutunci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld &#124; General comment No. 1 (2001), Article 29 (1), The aims of education |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4538834d2.html |website=Refworld}}</ref> Wadannan sun hada da, a tsakanin wasu, tabbatar da mutuncin ɗan adam da cikakken ci gaban mutum; inganta ci gaban jiki da fahimta; ba da damar samun ilimi, ƙwarewa, da basira; ba da gudummawa ga cikar cikakken damar mutum; inganta girman kai da haɓaka amincewa; ƙarfafa girmamawa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam; tsara ma'anar mutum da haɗin kai tare da wasu; ba da ba da damar zamantakewa da ma'ana da ma'amala da wasu; yana ba da damar mutum ya tsara duniya da ke kewaye da su damar samun cikakken rayuwarsu. [[Fayil:Right_to_ed_handbook_Fig_1.1.svg|thumb|500x500px|Fa'idodin ilimi da yawa]] Ilimi kuma yana da canji ga jihar da al'umma. A matsayin daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin da ake kiyaye kungiyoyin zamantakewa, musamman 'yan asalin ƙasar da' 'yan tsiraru daga tsara zuwa tsara, suna ba da [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], [[Al'ada|al'adu]], ainihi, dabi'u, da al'adu. Ilimi kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da jihohi zasu iya tabbatar da bukatun [[tattalin arziki]], zamantakewa, [[siyasa]], da al-adu. * Bayar da izinin watsa al'adu, dabi'u, ainihi, harsuna, da al'adu daga ƙarni ɗaya zuwa na gaba; * Inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa; * Kula da dimokuradiyya da al'ummomin zaman lafiya; * Karfafa shiga da hadawa a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara; * Karfafa rayuwar al'adu mai arziki; * Taimaka gina asalin ƙasa; * Inganta Adalci na zamantakewa; * Kashe ƙalubalen da ke ci gaba da ƙuntata; * Karfafa Ci gaba mai ɗorewa, gami da girmama muhalli. == Aiwatarwa == [[Fayil:WTMP_Vega_A27.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|Makarantar Kimiyya ta Manila a Manila, Philippines]] Dokar kasa da kasa ba ta kare haƙƙin ilimin firamare kuma takardun kasa da kasa gabaɗaya suna watsar da nassoshi game da ilimi a wannan matakin. Sanarwar Universal Declaration of Human Rights ta bayyana cewa kowa yana da 'yancin ilimi, saboda haka haƙƙin ya shafi dukkan mutane, kodayake ana ɗaukar yara a matsayin manyan masu cin gajiyar. Hakkin ilimi an raba shi zuwa matakai uku: * Ilimi na Firamare (Fabatarwa ko Tushen). Wannan zai zama tilas kuma kyauta ga kowane yaro ba tare da la'akari da asalinsa ba, jinsi, wurin haihuwa, ko wani nuna bambanci. Bayan tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu Kasashe dole ne su samar da ilimin firamare kyauta a cikin shekaru biyu. * Sakandare (ko Firamare, Fasaha da Kwararru a cikin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|UDHR]]) Ilimi dole ne ya kasance gaba ɗaya kuma yana da sauƙin isa. * A matakin jami'a, ya kamata a samar da Ilimi bisa ga iyawa. Wato, duk wanda ya cika ka'idodin ilimi da ake bukata ya kamata ya iya zuwa jami'a. Dukkanin sakandare da ilimi mafi girma za a iya samun dama "ta kowace hanya da ta dace, kuma musamman ta hanyar ci gaba da gabatar da ilimi kyauta". === Ilimi na tilas === Ana iya cimma nasarar samun 'yancin ilimi a matakin kasa ta hanyar [[Ilimi na tilas]], ko kuma musamman ilimi na firamare na tilas kyauta, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights da International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.<ref name="un.org"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=unhchr Resources and Information. |url=http://ww1.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm |website=ww1.unhchr.ch |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2025-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703115000/http://ww1.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hakkin ilimi ga yara, matasa da manya == [[Fayil:Geography_in_Montessori_Early_Childhood_at_QAIS.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Yanayi a cikin Montessori Farkon yaro a QAIS]] [[Fayil:Iwo_Jima,_24th_MEU_visit_Kingdom_of_Bahrain_120715-M-TK324-019.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Sojojin Amurka da yara masu zuwa makaranta a Cibiyar Nazarin Yankin da ke Bahrain]] Hakkin dukkan yara daga ƙuruciya ya samo asali ne daga Sanarwar Universal ta 1948 ta '[[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin ɗan adam]] . Sanarwar da aka ayyana a cikin Mataki na 1: 'Dukan 'yan adam an haife su da 'yanci kuma suna da daidaito da' yanci.' Sanarwar ta bayyana cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam yana farawa daga haihuwa kuma cewa ƙuruciya lokaci ne da ke buƙatar kulawa da taimako na musamman [mataki na 25 (2) ]. [[Sanarwar 'Yancin Yara]] ta 1959 ta tabbatar da cewa: 'mutumin yana da bashin yaro mafi kyawun abin da ya kamata ya bayar', gami da ilimi. Wannan ya karu da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu ta 1966 wanda ya bayyana cewa: 'za a ba da ilimi ga cikakken ci gaban mutum da kuma girman mutuntakarsa, kuma zai karfafa girmamawa ga' yancin ɗan adam da' yanci na asali. [mataki na 13 (1) ] Sanarwar Duniya kan Ilimi Ga Dukkanin (EFA) da aka karɓa a cikin 1990 a Jomtien, Thailand, ta bayyana a cikin labarin 5 cewa: 'Yaryon ya fara ne daga haihuwa [...] Wannan yana kira ga kula da yara da ilimi na farko. " Shekaru goma bayan haka, Tsarin Dakar don Aiki akan EFA ya kafa manufofi shida, na farko daga cikinsu shine: ' fadadawa da inganta Kula da yara da farko da ilimi, musamman ga yara mafi rauni da marasa galihu. 'Kariya ga Ayyuka na Duniya. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da gudummawa ga irin wannan kokarin ta hanyar sanarwar 'Yancin Yara da Majalisar Dinkinobho ta amince da ita a shekarar 1959. Paparoma Leo XIV ya tsara haƙƙin ilimi a matsayin "dama ga ilimi": "yara suna da haƙƙin ilimi (''Ius habent sciendi'') a matsayin muhimmiyar buƙata don amincewa da mutuncin ɗan adam". Akwai kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban da ke aiki don kare hakkin ilimi. EClickKart yana daya daga cikin irin wadannan dandamali da Rohit N Shetty ya fara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philanthropist |url=https://www.rohitnshetty.com/philanthropist/ |access-date=2020-12-31 |website=Rohit N Shetty |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya bayyana cewa Ilimi shine ainihin dama kuma EClickKard yana aiki zuwa gare shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Record London |url=http://bbcrecordlondon.com/live/ |access-date=2020-12-31 |website=bbcrecordlondon.com}}</ref> === Ilimi mafi girma ===   Ana iya bayyana ilimi mafi girma a matsayin kwaleji ko wasu ilimi (kamar horo) wanda ake ɗauka bayan makarantar sakandare. The Oxford Dictionary ya bayyana ilimi mafi girma a matsayin "illimi bayan matakin sakandare". Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke shafar ko ɗalibai sun yanke shawarar neman ilimi na sakandare bayan makarantar sakandare shine farashi, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga abin da ɗalibai suka zaɓa su yi da iliminsu kuma wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa nuna bambanci ga iyalai masu karamin kuɗi. A kasashe da yawa, ana ba da taimakon kuɗi na ɗalibai don taimakawa ɗalibai da iliminsu. === Shingen kudi === A cikin 1965, Gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka ta kafa Shirin Kudin Ilimi na Iyali na Tarayya don ba da damar ɗalibai su sami rancen ɗalibai don taimakawa su shiga kwaleji. Kudin lamuni na dalibai shine kuɗin da ake bayarwa ta hanyar kasafin kudin tarayya - ma'anar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka; ko masu zaman kansu ta bankunan, ko Kungiyoyin bashi. Iyalai da yawa a Amurka a halin yanzu suna amfani da rancen dalibai don sanya yaransu ta kwaleji. Abin takaici, wannan da sauri ya zama matsala; sakamakon rance na dalibai, yawan bashin rance na ɗalibai ya fara tasowa, wanda mutane suka ƙare su biya sauran rayuwarsu. Daga baya, a ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2010, Amurka ta maye gurbin Shirin Kudin Ilimi na Tarayya tare da Shirin Kudin dalibai na Tarayya don gwamnati ta samar da ƙarin taimako kai tsaye ga ɗalibai.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Student Loan History |url=https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/topics/higher-education-funding-and-financial-aid/federal-student-aid/federal-student-loans/federal-student-loan-history/#:~:text=The%20federal%20government%20began%20guaranteeing,Education%20Loan%20(FFEL)%20program |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=New America |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422154741/https://www.newamerica.org/education-policy/topics/higher-education-funding-and-financial-aid/federal-student-aid/federal-student-loans/federal-student-loan-history/#:~:text=The%20federal%20government%20began%20guaranteeing,Education%20Loan%20(FFEL)%20program |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da wannan, a cikin 1965, Amurka ta kafa Dokar Ilimi Mafi Girma (HEA), wanda shine dokar tarayya da ke bawa dalibai damar samun taimakon kudi da sauran albarkatu. Wannan shirin ya haifar da kirkirar wasu shirye-shiryen taimakon dalibai da yawa waɗanda ke da niyyar taimaka wa dalibai su sami hanyar fita daga bashin rancen dalibai.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Higher Education Act |url=https://www.aacrao.org/advocacy/issues/higher-education-act |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=www.aacrao.org}}</ref> Wasu shirye-shiryen taimako masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da Pell Grants, waɗanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke bayarwa don taimakawa ɗalibai su biya kuɗin kwaleji, da kuma rance na Stafford, "rashin Stafford na Tarayya wanda aka ba da tallafi ko wanda ba a ba da tallafin ba wanda aka yi wa ɗaliban da ke halartar makarantun da suka halarci Shirin Ilimi na Tarayya (FFEL) ".<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title= |url=https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/grants/pell}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title= |url=https://studentaid.gov/help-center/answers/article/stafford-loan}}</ref> === Daidaitawar launin fata da jinsi === Akwai shirye-shirye da yawa a duk faɗin Amurka waɗanda suka fara aiwatar da kawar da bambancin launin fata da jinsi a cikin ilimi mafi girma. An shigar da mata cikin ɗaliban ilimi mafi girma a cikin 1837. Wannan yanayin ya ci gaba a 1964 lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan [[Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964|Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama]], wanda ya kawo karshen rarrabewar kabilu daban-daban a fadin Amurka.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Affirmative Action and the Assault on Race-Conscious Admissions |url=https://edtrust.org/blog/a-brief-history-of-affirmative-action-and-the-assault-on-race-conscious-admissions/ |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=EdTrust |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shirye-shirye da yawa da aka kafa don magance [[Rarraba launin fata|wariyar launin fata]] da sauran nau'ikan nuna bambanci. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta mayar da hankali ga samar da karin kudade ga kabilun da ba su da wakilci a tarihi don taimaka musu su biya kwaleji, kuma sun ci gaba da ba da shawara ga waɗannan kungiyoyi gaba ɗaya. Tare da wannan, Majalisar Amurka kan Ilimi ta mayar da hankali musamman kan tabbatar da cewa mata suna ci gaba da samun daidaitattun hakkoki ga ilimi da karɓar iko.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Moving the Needle: Advancing Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://www.acenet.edu/Programs-Services/Pages/Communities/Moving-the-Needle.aspx |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=www.acenet.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> === Kwatanta Duniya === A cikin ƙasashe kamar [[Jamus]], [[Faransa]], [[Norway]], Austria, [[Finland]], [[Ayislan|Iceland]], da [[Denmark]], akwai tseren ilimi mafi girma waɗanda ba ya buƙatar karatu, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin ilimi da ƙarin ilimi gaba ɗaya.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Countries With Free College |url=https://www.accreditedschoolsonline.org/resources/which-countries-offer-free-college/ |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=www.accreditedschoolsonline.org}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa ilimi mafi girma yana da mahimmanci ga shirin rayuwar dalibi, yana da tasiri sosai ga Ci gaban tattalin arziki, kuma yana kawar da nuna bambanci ga iyalai masu karamin karfi a cikin waɗannan takamaiman ƙasashe. A wasu ƙasashe, akwai shirye-shiryen da suka zaɓi kada su kawo ƙarshen nuna bambanci na launin fata da na jinsi, amma a maimakon haka suna da makarantu na musamman ga mutanen da ke da wani kabila ko jima'i kuma / ko ba sa samun ci gaba zuwa ga kawar da wariyar launin fata.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.eurostudent.eu/download_files/documents/TM_Discrimination.pdf}}</ref> == Tasirin mallakar kai a kan haƙƙin ilimi == Kasuwanci ilimi na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako sakamakon rashin isasshen ko rashin isaswar saka idanu da kuma tsarawa ta hukumomin gwamnati (makarantu ba tare da lasisi ba, hayar [[Malami|malamai]] marasa horo da rashin tabbacin inganci), tare da yiwuwar haɗari ga haɗin kai da hadin kai. Daga damuwa ta musamman: "Ƙungiyoyin da aka ware sun kasa jin daɗin yawancin tasirin da suka dace kuma suna ɗaukar nauyin da ba daidai ba na tasirin masu zaman kansu. " Bugu da ƙari, kudaden da ba a sarrafa su ba waɗanda masu samar da masu zaman kansu suka buƙaci na iya lalata damar samun ilimi ta duniya. Gabaɗaya, wannan na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri a kan jin daɗin haƙƙin ilimi mai inganci da kuma cimma daidaitattun damar ilimi. Koyaya, yana iya samun tasiri mai kyau ga wasu ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa, ta hanyar haɓaka damar ilmantarwa, zaɓin iyaye mafi girma da kuma tsarin karatun da ya fi yawa. Ƙarin koyarwa mai zaman kansa, ko 'ilimi na inuwa', wanda ke wakiltar wani takamaiman bangare na keɓance ilimi, yana girma a duk duniya. Sau da yawa alama ce ta tsarin makaranta mara kyau, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=UNESCO |year=2014 |title=Teaching and Learning: Achieving quality for all |journal=EFA Global Monitoring Report 2013-2014 |publisher=Paris, UNESCO}}</ref> koyarwa mai zaman kansa, kamar sauran bayyanar ilimi mai zaman kansa. A gefe guda, ana iya daidaita koyarwa don bukatun masu saurin koyo kuma malamai na iya kara albashin makarantarsu. A gefe guda, kudade don koyarwa mai zaman kansa na iya wakiltar babban rabo na Kudin shiga na gida, musamman tsakanin matalauta, sabili da haka na iya haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin damar ilmantarwa. Kuma gaskiyar cewa wasu malamai na iya yin ƙoƙari sosai a cikin koyarwa mai zaman kansa kuma su yi watsi da ayyukansu na yau da kullun na iya shafar ingancin koyarwa da ilmantarwa a makaranta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bray |first=M. |last2=Kuo |first2=O. |year=2014 |title=Regulating Private Tutoring for Public Good. Policy options for supplementary education in Asia |journal=CERC Monograph Series in Comparative and International Education and Development |publisher=Hong Kong, Comparative Education Research Center and UNESCO Bangkok Office |volume=10 |issue=2 |page=239 |bibcode=2016IREdu..62..239M |doi=10.1007/s11159-016-9531-3 |s2cid=155685837}}</ref> Ci gaban ilimin inuwa, albarkatun kudi da mutane da iyalai suka tattara, da damuwa game da yiwuwar mummunar hali da cin hanci da rashawa suna jagorantar wasu ma'aikatun ilimi don ƙoƙarin tsara lamarin. <ref name=":0" /> == Rashin daidaito na zamantakewa == [[Fayil:Girls_in_school_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa,_Pakistan_(7295675962).jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Makarantar 'yan mata a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [[Pakistan]], 2015]] A cikin shekara ta 2019, kimanin yara miliyan 260 ba su da damar zuwa makaranta a duniya. === Ilimi na mata === A cikin karni na 21, Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi har yanzu cikas ne ga samun ilimi a duniya. Halin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da rawar da mata ke takawa ya kalubalanci ikon mata da 'yan mata na yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na ilimi.<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |date=2013-04-25 |title=Education and gender equality |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/education-and-gender-equality}}</ref> [[Fayil:Malala_Yousafzai_2015.jpg|left|thumb|131x131px|[[Malala Yousafzai]], mai fafutukar ilimin mata]] Daga cikin manya miliyan 750 marasa karatu a duniya, an kiyasta kashi biyu bisa uku mata ne. Wannan ya faru ne saboda rashin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata, tashin hankali na mata, da auren farko da ciki, sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da talauci da warewar ƙasa.<ref name="UNESCO"/> A cikin shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 21, fafutukar 'yancin mata na samun ilimi ya zama yunkuri na duniya ta hanyar fafutukar [[Malala Yousafzai]], Wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta Pakistan. === COVID-19 === Cutar COVID-19 ta shafi sama da kashi 90% na daliban duniya kuma tana da alhakin haɓaka rashin daidaito na zamantakewa a samun ilimi. Rashin tattalin arziki na duniya nan da nan ga annobar ya yi hasashen mummunar sakamako a kan kudaden ilimi, wanda ya haifar da tasiri na dogon lokaci akan daidaito ga ilimi. A duniya, a lokacin annobar, alamun [[jinsi]], aji, da [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]] sun gabatar da kansu a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da rauni a samun dama ga hakkoki na asali kamar ilimi da kiwon [[lafiya]]. [[Fayil:Right_to_education.jpg|right|thumb|400x400px|Rarraba litattafan kyauta ga yara a makaranta a [[Assam]]]] Duk da E-learning, burin tarihi yana tafiya zuwa ga dimokuradiyya na samun ilimi, dangane da ingancinsa, yana iya zama matsala wajen cimma wannan dama. Dalibai da ba su da babban birnin al'adu, tallafin iyali, da yanayin kayan aiki (ciki har da samun damar samun kayan aikin lantarki da intanet) sun sami damar samun ilimi da aka hana su ta wannan hanyar ilimi. Komawa ga koyarwar aji a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta haifar da rikici tsakanin haƙƙin kiwon lafiya da haƙƙin ilimi. Ta hanyar komawa makaranta kafin annobar ta kasance a karkashin cikakken iko, ɗalibai sun fallasa [[SARS-CoV-2]]. Wani bangare da cutar ta haɗa, wanda kuma ya danganta da haƙƙin kiwon lafiya, shine lalacewar lafiyar kwakwalwa ta ɗalibai. == Dubi kuma ==   === Shari'a === * ''Mohini Jain v. Jihar Karnataka'' (1992 AIR 1858) ko (AIR 1992 SC 2100), a Indiya. == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Tushen == *  Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu dagaabun ciki kyautaaiki. An ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanarwar lasisi / iziniRashin amfani da shi Rubutun da aka karɓa dagaSake tunani game da Ilimi: Zuwa ga amfanin duniya? __hau____hau____hau__, 74-75, UNESCO. UNESCO. *  Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu dagaabun ciki kyautaaiki. An ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Sanarwar lasisi / iziniRashin amfani da shi Rubutun da aka karɓa dagaZuba jari game da Shaida: Yanayin Duniya na Kula da Yara da Ilimi__hau____hau____hau__, 38-39, [Hasiya] UNESCO. UNESCO. *  Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu dagaabun ciki kyautaaiki. An ba da lasisi a ƙarƙashin CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO . Rubutun da aka karɓa dagaHakkin ilimi littafin__hau____hau____hau__, 277, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO. *# == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] buywbmd537w9p9xd0g816xnx96iovg8 Mutanen Lamba 0 33223 891477 448642 2026-08-04T20:54:42Z Baffa ali 47435 891477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lamba''' rukuni ne na kabilanci da yare na mutane da ke zaune a gundumomin Kéran da Doufelgou (Préfecture) na Yankin Kara a Arewacin Togo da kuma a cikin sassan Atakora da Donga na Bénin, Yammacin Afirka. Babban birnin gundumar Kéran shine Kanté kuma babban birnin gundumar Doufelgou shine Niamtougou. Muda yaku na da dama masu yawan jama'a kamar haka,Benin da Tofo . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Kabilu a Benin]] [[category:Kabilu a Togo]] r3ez8d5pd094k42d8xsdl4zyde4kmcd Grey Glacier 0 34583 891559 677542 2026-08-05T03:16:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:#ABCDEF;" |Glacier Grey |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<div class="infobox-caption"> Grey Glacier</div> |- class="infobox-data category" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;" | Nau'in | class="infobox-data category" | Dutsen glacier |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;" | Wuri | class="infobox-data label" | [[Chile]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space:nowrap;" | [[Geographic coordinate system|Daidaitawa]] | class="infobox-data" | |} '''Grey Glacier''' wani dusar ƙanƙara ne a cikin Filin Kankara ta [[Kudanci|Kudancin Patagonia,]] kusa da Cordillera del Paine . Yana gangarowa kudu zuwa tafkin sunan daya. Kafin a raba biyu a ƙarshensa, glacier yana da faɗin kilomita 6 kuma sama da mita 30 tsayi. A cikin 1996, ta mamaye yanki {{Convert|270|km2|sqmi}} da tsawon {{Convert|28|km}}. A watan Nuwambar 2017 wani babban dutsen kankara ya karye kankara. {{Clear}} == Kewaye == [[File:Glacier_Grey_animation.gif|thumb| koma baya na baya-bayan nan.]] [[File:Grey_Glacier,_Chile.jpg|thumb| Glacier Glacier da aka gani daga sararin sama.]] Dusar kankara tana ƙarshen Kudancin Kudancin Patagonia Ice Field. Ana iya ganin saman tafkin lokacin bin babban da'irar Paine Mountain Range a John Garner Pass. Akwai wani ra'ayi na dusar kankara daga kudancin gabar tafkin inda za'a iya ganin dusar ƙanƙara a bayanta, tare da guntuwar ƙanƙara da ke shawagi kusa da gaɓar. Tana gefen yamma na wurin shakatawa na Torres del Paine. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:GalciarGrey.jpg|Duba daga gefen yamma File:Grey Glacier icebergs Stevage.jpg|Gilashin [[Ice calving|kankara]] ya birkice. File:Boat_below_Grey_Glacier_(Atsme).jpg|Wasu a cikin Kwale-kwale a wurin </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Jerin glaciers == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070802022112/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17685 Grey Glacier] at the NASA Earth Observatory * [http://www.welcomepatagonia.com/travel/search-results-activities.php?idp=186 See details and pictures of the Navigation to the Grey Glacier.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517114604/http://www.welcomepatagonia.com/travel/search-results-activities.php?idp=186 |date=2022-05-17 }} {{Magallanes Region rivers and lakes}}{{Glaciers of Chile}} t3lxnff6cb4xuk23bi7ctfjhgb0lpgv Francisca Oteng-Mensah 0 34953 891457 723715 2026-08-04T19:32:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q20119890}} '''Francisca Oteng-Mensah''' (An haife ta 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 1993)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/meet-youngest-mp-ms-oteng-mensah/|title=Meet Youngest MP, Ms. Oteng-Mensah|date=2017-02-17|website=GhanaStar.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=154|title=Parliament of Ghana|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2023-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225804/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=154|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'yar majalisar dokoki ce ta New Patriotic Party mai wakiltar mazabar Kwabre East kuma an santa da 'yar majalisa mafi karancin shekaru a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a lokacin zabenta a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir John attacks 22-year-old Francisca Oteng-Mensah|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=362590|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=I won because of my message, not money – Francisca Mensah|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/06/15/i-won-because-of-my-message-not-money-francisca-mensah/|website=citifmonline|accessdate=2015-06-16|first=Godwin Akweiteh|last=Allotey|archive-date=2015-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618125333/http://citifmonline.com/2015/06/15/i-won-because-of-my-message-not-money-francisca-mensah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2016/12/photos-meet-youngest-member-parliament-francisca-oteng-mensah/|title=PHOTOS: Meet the youngest Member of Parliament Francisca Oteng Mensah {{!}} Kasapa102.5FM|last=Acquah|first=Edward|website=kasapafmonline.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044147/https://kasapafmonline.com/2016/12/photos-meet-youngest-member-parliament-francisca-oteng-mensah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine|url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/|access-date=2022-05-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Francisca a asibitin Aboaso a Mamponteng,<ref name=":0" /> yankin Ashanti<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5334|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Oteng Mensah, Francisca|last=|first=|date=|website=ghanamps.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617053529/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5334|archive-date=2021-06-17|access-date=2019-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 1993. Ita diyar Mrs. Joyce Oteng<ref name=":0" /> da Dokta Kwaku Oteng<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/dr-kwaku-oteng/|title=Dr. Kwaku Oteng|website=ghana.mom-rsf.org|language=en|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2022-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527220934/https://ghana.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/dr-kwaku-oteng/|url-status=dead}}</ref> likita kuma hamshakin dan kasuwa wanda shine C.E.O na kamfanin Angel Group of Companies. == Ilimi == Francisca ta halarci makarantu daban-daban guda uku a lokacin karatunta na farko da na firamare. Da farko ta halarci Makarantar Katolika ta Mamponteng, sannan zuwa Makarantar Preparatory Revival a Breman sannan daga karshe zuwa Supreme Savior International inda ta kammala firamare shida. Ta kammala Junior High Education a Angel Educational Complex. Daga nan ta ci gaba da zuwa St. Roses Senior High School don kammala babbar sakandare. Kokarin da ta yi na neman karin guraben karatu ya tilasta mata shiga Kwalejin Shari'a a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST) inda ta karanta shari'a.<ref name=":0" /> Francisca ta kasance shekara ta biyu a fannin shari’a a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah a lokacin da ta tsaya takara a zaben shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Francisca Oteng-Mensah: I Had Wanted To Be A Politician Since Infancy|url=http://elections.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/201506/244899.php|accessdate=2015-06-16|first=Michael|last=Boateng|archive-date=2015-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721113256/http://elections.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/201506/244899.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == Kafin nada ta a matsayin ‘yar majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariya a rukunin kamfanonin Angel da ke Kumasi.<ref name="ghanamps.com">{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5334|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Oteng Mensah, Francisca|website=ghanamps.com|access-date=2019-03-02|archive-date=2021-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617053529/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5334|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Disambar 2017 ne aka nada ta a matsayin shugabar hukumar kula da matasa ta kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/sports/francisca-oteng-mensah-heads-nya-governing-board-126639|title=Francisca Oteng Mensah heads NYA Governing Board|website=www.ghananewsagency.org|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> == Siyasa == Ta lashe kujerar majalisar wakilai a mazabar Kwabre ta gabas a yankin Ashanti na Ghana, bayan babban zaben Ghana na 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanafuo.com/2016/12/meet-francisca-oteng-mensah-younges.html|title=Meet Francisca Oteng Mensah, the youngest parliamentarian in Ghana|last=davidmawuligh|date=2016-12-10|website=Ghanafuo.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-09}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce mace mafi karancin shekaru da za ta kasance a majalisar tana da shekaru 23. Nana Akuffo-Addo ne ya zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar kula da jinsi da yara da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boakye|first=Edna Agnes|last2=Boakye|first2=Edna Agnes|date=2022-08-02|title=Nana Addo nominates Lariba Zuweira as Gender Minister-designate, Francisca Oteng as Deputy|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/08/nana-addo-nominates-walewale-mp-as-gender-minister-designate-francisca-oteng-as-deputy/|access-date=2022-08-04|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> == Addini == Francisca Kirista ce kuma abokantaka da Majami'ar Ikklisiya ta Allah.<ref name="ghanamps.com" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] cr3csjratj05i3k321ahhyvg3g5s5wg Glo (kamfani) 0 40468 891552 834357 2026-08-05T02:12:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:GloLogo.png|thumb|Hutun, Globacom Limited]] '''Globacom Limited''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Glo''' (Global Communication), kamfani ne na sadarwa na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda Mike Adenuga ya kafa a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2003.<ref>Kerry A. Dolan. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2019/01/09/fewer-billionaires-poorer-billionaires-on-african-continent-in-2019/#5e31156471a6 " Fewer Billionaires, Poorer Billionaires On African Continent In 2019 "], ''Forbes'', Jan 9, 2019.</ref> Tun daga watan Yuni 2018, kamfanin ya ɗauki mutane aiki sama da 3,500 a faɗin duniya. == Dubawa == GLO yana da masu biyan kuɗi (subscribers) sama da miliyan 45 (Disamba 2018), wanda ya sa ya zama kamfani na biyu mafi girma a cibiyar sadarwa a Najeriya.<ref>Ife Ogunfuwa. [https://punchng.com/glo-overtakes-airtel-emerges-nigerias-second-largest-telco/ "Glo overtakes Airtel, emerges Nigeria’s second largest telco"], ''Punch Newspapers'', Dec 30, 2018.</ref> A shekarar 2011, kamfanin GLO ya zama kamfanin sadarwa na farko da ya ƙera kebul na fiber optic mai karfin dala miliyan 800 wanda aka fi sani da Glo-1, kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa daga ƙasar Ingila zuwa Najeriya.<ref>[http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2009/09/glo-one-submarine-cable-debuts-in-lagos/#more-3111 IT News Africa "Glo One Submarine Cable Debuts in Lagos"], ''IT News Africa'', 8 September 2009. Accessed 21 August 2015.</ref> Ita ce tashar jirgin ruwa ta farko da ta yi nasarar zuwa [[Najeriya]] daga [[Burtaniya]] ta cikin ƙarƙashin ruwa. Globacom yana da mabanbanta tsarin kasuwanci masu mahimmanci: Glo mobile, Glo Broad Access, Glo Gateway da Glo-1. == Mallaka == Kamfanin GLO mallakar [[Mike Adenuga]] Group ne, wanda kuma mallakin kamfanin ya ƙunshi; (Cobblestone Properties and Estates), kamfanin raya gidaje da kadarori, Conoil PLC, kamfanin sayar da man fetur, da kuma Conoil Producing, kamfanin binciken danyen mai da samar da kayayyaki.<ref>[http://www.telegeography.com/cu/article.php?article_id=21008 "Glo makes test call"]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''TeleGeography'', 18 December 2007. Accessed 21 August 2015.</ref> == Tsarin kasuwancin Kamfanin == === Glo Mobile === Glo Mobile, wani reshe ne daga Globacom , Glo Mobile shine hanyar sadarwa na biyu mafi girma a Najeriya. A shekarar farko da kamfanin ya fara aiki, ya sami masu mu'amala dashi (subscribers) miliyan ɗaya a cikin garuruwa sama da 87 na Najeriya, gami da samun kuɗaɗen shiga sama da Naira biliyan 120.<ref>[http://itrealms.blogspot.com/2009/09/glo-may-acquire-nitel.html "Globacom may acquire NITEL"], ''Daily Champion'', 16 September 2009. Accessed 27 August 2015</ref> A yanzu dai Glo Mobile ya yaɗu zuwa wasu ƙasashen Afirka, wato Benin <ref>Nkanga, Efem. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200806050779.html "Benin: Glo Launches Network in Country Today"], ''All Africa'', 5 June 2008. Accessed 27 August 2015.</ref> da Ghana.<ref name=ereadiness>Nweke, Remmy [http://itrealms.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html "e-Readiness: Nigeria ranks 94"], ''Daily Champion'', 25 June 2008. Accessed 14 September 2015.</ref> Kawo ya watan Disamba, 2018 Masu amfani da layin Glo Mobile a Najeriya sun kai sama da miliyan 45.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Globacom Limited|url=http://facilitatorsc.com/bptpartners/globacom-limited/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-28|archive-date=2020-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801050841/http://facilitatorsc.com/bptpartners/globacom-limited/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Glo 1 submarine cable === [[GLO-1]] kebul ne na farko da aka yi nasara jawowa daga [[Burtaniya]] zuwa [[Najeriya]], kuma GLO shi ne kamfani na farko a Afirka da ya fara gudanar da irin wannan aiki.<ref>[http://mivuletech.wordpress.com/2009/09/09/fiber-optic-cable-reaches-nigeria/ "Glo One Submarine Cable Debuts in Lagos"], ''IT News'', 8 September 2009. Accessed 11 November 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/06/glo-1-submarine-cable-lands-in-lagos/ "Glo 1 Submarine cable lands in Lagos"], ''Vanguard'', 6 September 2009. Accessed 11 November 2015.</ref> GLO-1 yana da yuwuwar samar da sabis na intanet mai sauri, inganci da sauƙin samun sabis na sadarwa. Glo-1 zai iya sauƙaƙe saka hannun jari na waje da guraben aikin yi musamman ga 'yan Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nspace.nigeria.com/main/news/glo-1-competes-sat-3-telecommunications-services-next|title=Web Page Under Construction|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230161806/http://www.nspace.nigeria.com/main/news/glo-1-competes-sat-3-telecommunications-services-next|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/glo-1-submarine-cable-lands-in-lagos/|title=Glo 1 Submarine cable lands in Lagos|first=Akintayo|last=Eribake|date=6 September 2009|access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> Kebul ɗin mai nisan tsayin kilomita 9,800 an jawo shi ne daga '''Bude''' a [[Burtaniya]] har izuwa bakin tekun Alpha da ke birnin Legas, inda nan ne aka gina tashar tsayawar sa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909290208.html|title=Nigeria: GLO -1 Berths in Accra|date=29 September 2009|access-date=27 December 2016|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> Glo-1 kuma zai inganta (teleconference, distance learning, recovery and telemedicine) da kuma hanyoyin sadarwar zamani d.ss ga ƴan [[Najeriya]] da mutanen yammacin [[Afirka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/17335/1/-Glo-1-cable-ll--boost-Africas-economic-growth-says-Adenuga/Page1.html|title=The Nation Newspaper Nigeria - Read Latest Nigeria News|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120108/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/17335/1/-Glo-1-cable-ll--boost-Africas-economic-growth-says-Adenuga/Page1.html|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Ƙasashe === ====Najeriya==== A watan Agustan 2003, an ƙaddamar da layin Glo Mobile a Najeriya. Kamfanin Glo Mobile ya gabatar da rangwamen farashi, biyan kuɗi da kuma sauran ƙarin ayyuka masu ƙima. Duk da cewa Glo Mobile ne kamfani na huɗu na [[GSM]] da aka ƙaddamar a [[Najeriya]], a cikin shekaru bakwai da fara aiki da kamfanin, adadin masu amfani da shi ya karu zuwa sama da miliyan 25.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200609140507.html|title=Nigeria: Globacom is 100 Percent Nigerian Company - Jameel|first=Efem|last=Nkanga|date=14 September 2006|access-date=27 December 2016|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> ====Benin==== A watan Yunin 2008, an ƙaddamar da Glo Mobile a Benin. Kamfanin Glo Mobile ya nuna ci gaban da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba ta hanyar sayar da katin layukan (SIM) 600,000 a cikin kwanaki goma na farko da fara aiki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cellular-news.com/coverage/benin.php|title=Cellular-News|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=12 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312162137/http://www.cellular-news.com/coverage/benin.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Glo Mobile yana ba da (offered Per Second Billing), wanda ke cajin masu biyan kuɗi domin Kira (calling) lokacin da aka yi amfani da kuɗin (airtime) ayayi buga waya ko kira. Sun kuma kawo wasu ƙarin ayyuka masu ƙima a layin nasu su ne; MMS (Sabis na Saƙon Multimedia), labarai da bayanai na Glo Magic Plus, bin diddigin abin hawa, da kuma (musical ring-back tones da mobile banking). ====Ghana==== A watan Mayun 2008, kamfanin GLO ya sami lasisin aiki ta hanyar rukunin Glo Mobile a Ghana kuma yana shirin samun kashi 30% na cikin masu mu'amala dashi miliyan 11 a cikin watanni 18 da ƙaddamarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.itedgenews.com/Globacom_inches_closer_to_Ghana_launch.htm |title=IT Edge News |access-date=2 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202084015/http://www.itedgenews.com/Globacom_inches_closer_to_Ghana_launch.htm |archive-date=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suna shirin cimma wannan buri ta hanyar ƙaddamar da (bundled voice da sabis na Intanet) ga mazauna ƙasar [[Ghana]] da kuma faɗaɗa ayyukan kamfanin a wuraren da kasuwancin bai kai a manyan biranen ƙasar Ghana guda biyu, [[Accra]] da [[Kumasi]]. An tsara assasa kamfanin Glo Mobile a Ghana a watanni uku na farkon shekarar 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.itedgenews.com/Globacom_inches_closer_to_Ghana_launch.htm |title=IT Edge News |access-date=2 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202084015/http://www.itedgenews.com/Globacom_inches_closer_to_Ghana_launch.htm |archive-date=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka an ɗage kafawar zuwa tsakkiyar watannin shekara ta 2011, harwayau assasa kamfanin haƙa bata cimma ruwa ba domin kuwa an sake ɗage kafa kamfanin a wannan shekara izuwa shekara ta 2012. A watan Janairun 2012, kamfanin na Glo Ghana ya buɗe kamfen na "Reserve your number", kuma ba tare da bude hanyar sadarwa ba ko assasa kamfanin. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2011 GLO ta ƙaddamar da GLO1, wani ɓangare na aikinta na farko a Ghana, don shigar da wani babban jigo a cikin masana'antar sadarwa ta Ghana. A cikin watan Oktoba 2009, GLO ya sami izinin jawo kebul na ƙarƙashin ruwa da Sabis daga '''International Gateway''' a ƙasar [[Cote d'Ivoire]]. == Tarihi == A cikin 2005, Glo Mobile ya gabatar da Glo Fleet Manager wanda shine tsarin bin diddigin abin hawa. Tsarin Manajan Fleet na Glo yana taimaka wa masu sufuri/jiragen ruwa sarrafa jiragensu. Har ila yau, sun gabatar da sabis na intanet na Glo Mobile wanda ke ba masu amfani damar shiga yanar gizo waɗanda aka keɓance su don yin browsing ta wayar hannu. A cikin 2006, Glo Mobile ya gabatar da BlackBerry. GLO ta fara ɗaukar nauyin kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan kwallon kafa na Afirka na shekara. Kamfanin ya kuma fara ɗaukar nauyin gasar Half Marathon of Glo Lagos International. A shekara ta 2009, Glo Mobile ya ƙaddamar da sabis na biyan kuɗi na Blackberry wanda ke ba masu biyan kuɗi zaɓi don biyan kuɗin yau da kullun, mako-mako ko kowane wata. Sabis na biya na Blackberry yana ba masu biyan kuɗi damar shiga yahoo mail kyauta da messenger blackberry kyauta. Kamfanin ya kuma ƙaddamar da ayyukan fasahar intanet na 3G mai saurin gaske ta hanyar sayar da modem ɗinsa na 3G. Ana samun hanyar sadarwar Glo Mobile a tsarin 3G a biranen Legas, Abuja, Benin da Fatakwal, (a wancen lokacin). == Tallafi == Kamfanin GLO na ɗaukar nauyin wasanni. [[File:Nigeria_Japan_U-20_Women_2010_Fans.jpg|thumb| Magoya bayan Najeriya sanye da rigunan GLO-Shirts a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 na 2010]] A '''Najeriya''', GLO ya ɗauki nauyin [[Nigerian Premier League|Gasar firimiya ta Najeriya]] a 2009, Kungiyoyin Kwallon kafa na Najeriya, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya (NFF),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200910191299.html|title=Africa: GLO Congratulates Africa On Ghana's Victory|date=19 October 2009|access-date=27 December 2016|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> Glo Lagos International Half Marathon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glolagosmarathon.com/|title=Glo Lagos Marathon|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315151328/http://www.glolagosmarathon.com/|archive-date=15 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Glo People Police Marathon,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200904270576.html|title=Nigeria: Glo People Police Marathon - Fighting Crime Through Sports|date=27 April 2009|access-date=27 December 2016|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> Eyo Festival, [[Bikin Ojude Oba|Ojude Oba Festival]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ojudeobafestival.org/updates.html|title=Ojudeoba Festival|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410111450/http://www.ojudeobafestival.org/updates.html|archive-date=10 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eleghe Festival<ref>[http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=15607 This Day Online] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070621015143/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=15607 |date=2007-06-21 }}</ref> da [[Confederation of African Football|Hukumar Kula da Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballpartnerships.com/tag/osselaer/|title=hotel luggage carts - Best Moving Equipment For Football Gear|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327081842/http://www.footballpartnerships.com/tag/osselaer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ƙasar '''Benin''', GLO ne ke ɗaukar nauyin bada kyautar FITHEB da [[CAF]] na Gwarzon ɗan wasan [[Afrika]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200804010539.html|title=Nigeria: Globacom Signs MoU With West Africa's Biggest Theatre Festival|first=Sherifat|last=Giwa|date=1 April 2008|access-date=27 December 2016|via=AllAfrica}}</ref> A '''Ghana''', GLO ne ke ɗaukar nauyin gasar Premier ta Glo Ghana, da ƙungiyoyin kwallon kafar Ghana da kuma kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan [[Afrika]] na shekara [[CAF]].<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2009/11/02/1598756/telephone-company-globacom-signs-sponsorship-deal-with Goal.com], 2009-11-02.</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2009, GLO ya zama hukuma ta musamman mai ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. Tallafin ya kuma haɗa da matasan 'yan wasa daga Benin da Ghana da Najeriya da ke zuwa [[Manchester]] domin yin atisaye da kungiyar.<ref>[http://www.goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2009/11/02/1598756/telephone-company-globacom-signs-sponsorship-deal-with Goal.com], 2009-11-02.</ref> Reshen kamfanin na Glo wato Globacom ne kaɗai mai ɗaukar nauyin shirin ''African Voice'' (Muryar Afrika) a gidan talabijin na [[CNN]]. Manufar shirin ita ce don a inganta wasa a nahiyar Afirka da kuma tallata tambarin 'Globacom' a duk duniya ta dandalin CNN.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/272408/1/glo-sponsors-african-voices-on-cnn.html|title=Glo Sponsors 'African Voices' On CNN|work=Modern Ghana|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Nishaɗi == GLO ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da [[MTV]] akan shirin ''The Big Friday'' a cikin shekarar 2012. Wannan ƙawance ya ƙara jawo masu sha'awar wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya ba masu kallo damar fitowa kai tsaye acikin shirin. Akwai fa'ida ga masu biyan kuɗi ko mu'amala da GLO ɗin kan iya samun nasarar lashe kyaututtuka da ake sakawa a kowanne sati/ mako.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2012/07/01/glo-mtv-base-partner-on-the-big-friday-show/|title=Glo, MTV Base partner on "The Big Friday Show" - Ghana Business News|website=www.ghanabusinessnews.com|date=July 2012 |language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-15}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2013, GLO ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na, ''[[X Factor]]'' zuwa Afirka. An gudanar da taron ƙarawa juna sani ne a Najeriya da Ghana, inda babbar kyauta a wajen taron ta kasance kyautar tsabar kudi har dala 150,000 da kuma kulla wata yarjejeniyar da kamfanin [[Sony Music]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/65133|title=Glo brings 'X FACTOR' to Africa, with $150, 000 starprize|date=2013-04-22|work=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|access-date=2018-08-15|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.gloworld.com Shafin yanar gizo na Glo] [[Category:Kamfanoni a Najeriya]] [[category:Gine-gine a 2003]] dftdk42fhxzcqzqlvsiqpemc07rq4l5 Nicosia 0 41816 891413 449184 2026-08-04T17:49:31Z Baffa ali 47435 891413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicosia''' / NIK -ə- SEE -ə ; Greek : Λευκωσία NIK romanized {{Lang-el|Λευκωσία|Lefkosía}}  [lefkoˈsi.a] ; {{Lang-tr|Lefkoşa}}  [lefˈkoʃa] ; Armenian , Romanized : ''Nikosia'' ; Larabci na Cyprus : Nikusiya<ref>{{Cite book|last2=Stanley|last1=Dumper |first2=Bruce E.|first1=Michael|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa : a historical encyclopedia|date=2007|publisher=ABC CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5|pages=275|oclc=912609090}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Borg|first1=Alexander|title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus) |date=1997|publisher=Eisenbrauns|first2=Alan S.|last2=Kaye |first3=Peter T.|last3=Daniels|isbn=978-1-57506-507-6|location=Winona Lake, IN|pages=228|oclc=605125544}}</ref>) ita ce birni mafi girma, babban birni, kuma wurin zama na gwamnatin [[Cyprus]] . Tana kusa da tsakiyar filin Mesaoria, a bakin kogin Pedieos . Bisa ga tatsuniyoyi na Girka, Nicosia ( {{Lang|grc|Lefkosia}} a cikin Hellenanci) ya kasance siren, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Acheloos da Melpomene kuma ana fassara sunanta da "White State" ko kuma birnin Farin Alloli. Nicosia ita ce a kudu maso gabas na dukkan manyan kasashe mambobin EU . An ci gaba da zama a cikinta sama da shekaru 4,500 kuma ita ce babban birnin Cyprus tun ƙarni na 10. A farkon shekara ta 1964, al'ummomin Cyprus na Girka da Turkawa na Cyprus sun rabu zuwa kudu da arewacin birnin, biyo bayan yakin rikicin Cyprus da ga 1963 harzuwa 64 da ya barke a birnin. Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ta zama kan iyaka mai karfin soji tsakanin [[Cyprus|Jamhuriyar Cyprus]] da kasashen duniya suka amince da ita da kuma mai kanta da ta ayyana " [[Arewacin Cyprus|TRNC]] " bayan da Turkiyya ta mamaye tsibirin Cyprus a shekara ta 1974, inda ta mamaye arewacin tsibirin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ciki har da arewacin yankin Nicosia. Baya ga ayyukanta na majalisa da gudanarwa, Nicosia ta kafa kanta a matsayin babban birnin a tsibirin,da kuma babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kempen|first1=Ronald van|last2=Vermeulen|first2=Marcel|last3=Baan|first3=Ad|title=Urban Issues and Urban Policies in the New EU Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHou6czhjqwC&pg=PA207|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-4511-5|page=207}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018, Nicosia ita ce birni na 32 mafi arziki a duniya a fanni karfin iko. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices-earnings/en/cities/nicosia/?year=2018|title=World's richest cities by purchasing power|date=2018|publisher=UBS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803125832/https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices-earnings/en/cities/nicosia/?year%3D2018|archive-date=2018-08-03|url-status=dead|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Toponymy == ==Manazarta== 4zir7k5fys5fdsp2ezw7uu6oz9pzgpf 891463 891413 2026-08-04T20:20:00Z Baffa ali 47435 891463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nicosia''' / NIK -ə- SEE -ə ; Greek : Λευκωσία NIK romanized {{Lang-el|Λευκωσία|Lefkosía}}  [lefkoˈsi.a] ; {{Lang-tr|Lefkoşa}}  [lefˈkoʃa] ; Armenian , Romanized : ''Nikosia'' ; Larabci na Cyprus : Nikusiya<ref>{{Cite book|last2=Stanley|last1=Dumper |first2=Bruce E.|first1=Michael|title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa : a historical encyclopedia|date=2007|publisher=ABC CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5|pages=275|oclc=912609090}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Borg|first1=Alexander|title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus) |date=1997|publisher=Eisenbrauns|first2=Alan S.|last2=Kaye |first3=Peter T.|last3=Daniels|isbn=978-1-57506-507-6|location=Winona Lake, IN|pages=228|oclc=605125544}}</ref>) ita ce birni mafi girma, babban birni, kuma wurin zama na gwamnatin [[Cyprus]] . Tana kusa da tsakiyar filin Mesaoria, a bakin kogin Pedieos . Bisa ga tatsuniyoyi na Girka, Nicosia ( {{Lang|grc|Lefkosia}} a cikin Hellenanci) ya kasance siren, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Acheloos da Melpomene kuma ana fassara sunanta da "White State" ko kuma birnin Farin Alloli. Nicosia ita ce a kudu maso gabas na dukkan manyan kasashe mambobin EU . An ci gaba da zama a cikinta sama da shekaru 4,500 kuma ita ce babban birnin Cyprus tun ƙarni na 10. A farkon shekara ta 1964, al'ummomin Cyprus na Girka da Turkawa na Cyprus sun rabu zuwa kudu da arewacin birnin, biyo bayan yakin rikicin Cyprus na 1963 harzuwa 1964 da ya barke a birnin. Wannan rarrabuwar kawuna ta zama kan iyaka mai karfin soji tsakanin [[Cyprus|Jamhuriyar Cyprus]] da kasashen duniya suka amince da ita da kuma mai kanta da ta ayyana " [[Arewacin Cyprus|TRNC]] " bayan da Turkiyya ta mamaye tsibirin Cyprus a shekara ta 1974, inda ta mamaye arewacin tsibirin ba bisa ka'ida ba, ciki har da arewacin yankin Nicosia. Sannan filin kasa wadda 51.06 . Baya ga ayyukanta na majalisa da gudanarwa, Nicosia ta kafa kanta a matsayin babban birnin a tsibirin,da kuma babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ta duniya.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kempen|first1=Ronald van|last2=Vermeulen|first2=Marcel|last3=Baan|first3=Ad|title=Urban Issues and Urban Policies in the New EU Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHou6czhjqwC&pg=PA207|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=978-0-7546-4511-5|page=207}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018, Nicosia ita ce birni na 32 mafi arziki a duniya a fanni karfin iko. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices-earnings/en/cities/nicosia/?year=2018|title=World's richest cities by purchasing power|date=2018|publisher=UBS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803125832/https://www.ubs.com/microsites/prices-earnings/en/cities/nicosia/?year%3D2018|archive-date=2018-08-03|url-status=dead|access-date=30 May 2018}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Toponymy == ==Manazarta== p6khularzx1agbfwfmh8ujzzjeycx5g Gidan Kayan Tarihi na Fasaha Yankin Nikanor Onatsky da ke Sumy 0 42675 891540 316188 2026-08-04T23:21:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Сумський_обласний_художній_музей_ім._Никанора_Онацького_.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Museum a cikin 2017]] [[File:Soloviev-monks.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Monks. Went to the wrong place» (painting by Lev Solovyov)]] '''Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Yankin Nikanor Onatsky da ke Sumy''' gidan kayan gargajiya ne na Jiha da ke Sumy, [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] . Kayayyakinta suna yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kayan tarihi a Ukraine kuma ya ƙunshi ayyuka na 'yan ƙasa da kuma saura masu fasaha na duniya. [[File:Kuindzhi_Pine_1878.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kuindzhi Pine 1878]] == Tarihi da bayyani == An kafa gidan kayan gargajiyan ne a ranar 1 ga wata Maris, 1920, wanda ''Nikanor Onatsky'' (1875-1937),mai fasaha, malami, sananne acikin mutane kuma dalibin Ilya Repin ya kafa . An kafa gidan tarihin ne bisa kayayyakin gargajiya na mutanen ƙasa da aka ware da kuma tarin O. Gansen da ke cikin birnin a lokacin. Baje koli da kuɗaɗen gidan tarihin sun kai guda 15,000. Wurareb kallon sun ƙunshi ɗakuna takwas na babban bene mai hawa biyu wanda G. Sholts, masanin gine-ginen Sumy ya gina a ƙarshen 19th - farkon karni na 20, kuma asalinsa ya kasance Bankin Jiha na Daular Rasha. Sannan akwai zane-zane, sassake-sassake na tsaffin masu fikira da kuma ba zamani, 'yan kasar Ukraine har da ma kasashen waje. == Duba kuma == * Jerin zane-zane na Yammacin Turai a cikin gidajen tarihi na Ukrainian == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://en.museums.in.ua/museum/Sumskoj_hudogestvennyj_muzej Wasu shafuka game da gidan kayan gargajiya da tarinsa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815164336/http://en.museums.in.ua/museum/Sumskoj_hudogestvennyj_muzej |date=2011-08-15 }} * [http://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ Nikanor Onatsky Regional Art Museum a Sumy.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304092222/https://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ |date=2023-03-04 }} [http://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ Saitin katin waya.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304092222/https://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ |date=2023-03-04 }} [http://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ Kyiv, Mistectvo, 1964.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304092222/https://en.uartlib.org/books/nikanor-onatsky-regional-art-museum-in-sumy-a-set-of-postcards/ |date=2023-03-04 }} {{Authority control}}{{Coord|50|54|22|N|34|47|58|E|source:kolossus-ukwiki}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50|54|22|N|34|47|58|E|source:kolossus-ukwiki}} [[Category:Gidajen tarihi a Yukren]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3db0rwlj3l0rbkv7c3k2ngw1kqip1tt Hamza Abdullahi 0 43205 891578 236109 2026-08-05T06:20:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Hamza Abdullahi}} '''Hamza Abdullahi''' (2 Maris shekara ta 1945 - 3 Janairu shekarar 2019) ɗan Najeriya ne kuma shugaban mulkin soja wanda ya yi [[Jerin gwamnonin Kano|Gwamnan Jihar Kano]] daga shekara ta 1984 zuwa shekarar 1985; kuma Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayya daga 1986 zuwa 1989. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Hamza Abdullahi a [[Haɗejiya|garin Hadejia]] (yanzu a [[Jigawa|jihar Jigawa]] ) kuma yayi karatu a Kano.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gamji.com/article8000/NEWS8121.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711072245/http://www.gamji.com/article8000/NEWS8121.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin soja == Ya shiga aikin sojan saman Najeriya a shekarar 1964, kuma ya halarci sashen horar da sojojin saman Najeriya a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. Daga 1964 zuwa 1966, ya kammala kwas na jami'an fasaha na jirgin sama a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]], sannan ya shiga aikin [[yaƙin basasar Najeriya]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCwiLWIBrv8</ref> Bayan yaƙin, shi ne Air Provost Marshal, Air Provost Group daga 1971 zuwa 1980; sannan kuma ya halarci Cibiyar horar da 'yan sanda ta Royal Soja a Chichester a shekarar 1974. Ya halarci juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a shekarar 1975 wanda ya kai Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]] kan karagar mulki;<ref>http://www.dawodu.com/omoigui45.htm</ref> kuma daga 1980 zuwa 1984 shi ne Kwamandan Rukunin, Rukunin Horar da Ƙasa a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]].<ref name=":0">https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/abdullahi-air-vice-marshal-hamza-rtd/</ref> == Gwamnan soja == Bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a 1983, shugaban mulkin soja Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhamadu Buhari]] ya naɗa Hamza Abdullahi [[Jerin gwamnonin Kano|gwamnan jihar Kano]] (a yanzu [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] da [[Jigawa]]) a watan Janairun 1984. Gwamnatin Soja ta Tarayya ce ta ɗora wa gwamnatinsa aikin aiwatar da yaƙin yaƙi da rashin ɗa’a a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], wanda Janar Tunde Idiagbon ya ƙaddamar da shi.<ref>https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA361826.pdf</ref> A matsayinsa na gwamnan soja, Hamza Abdullahi daga baya ya taka rawa a juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a shekarar 1985 wanda ya kai Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] kan karagar mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/Nigeria_Facts/MilitaryRule/Omoigui/PalaceCoup-1985.htm |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2021-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608090914/http://www.waado.org/nigerdelta/nigeria_facts/militaryrule/omoigui/PalaceCoup-1985.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ministan tarayya == A cikin Satumba 1985, an naɗa shi [[Federal Ministries of Nigeria|Ministan Ayyuka da Gidaje]]. A wannan aikin ya sa ido a kan aikin titin mota biyu na [[Abuja]] - [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] - [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]. A shekarar 1986, bayan juyin mulkin Janar [[Mamman Jiya Vatsa|Mamman Vatsa]], an naɗa Hamza Abdullahi a matsayin [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Ministan Babban Birnin Tarayya]] kuma mamba a Majalisar Mulki ta Sojoji.<ref name=":0" /> An umarce shi da ya tabbatar da nasarar mayar da kujerar gwamnati daga [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] zuwa [[Abuja]]. Burinsa shi ne ya samu kashi 75 cikin 100 na ma’aikatu a Abuja nan da 1990, ranar da aka yi niyyar mayar da babban birnin tarayya daga [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a hukumance.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/25/world/abuja-journal-a-big-bore-a-la-brasilia-in-the-middle-of-nigeria.html</ref> A lokacin mulkinsa, ya lura da aikin ginin mataki na 1:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050913182245/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2004/05/08/20040508int02.html</ref> tare da manyan gundumomin Maitama da Asokoro da kuma abubuwan tarihi na gwamnatin tarayya da dama da suka haɗa da ƙofar birnin; [[Aso Rock Villa|fadar shugaban ƙasa ta Aso Rock]] da kuma barikin sojoji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/avm-hamza-abdullahi-1945-2019-3.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801123236/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/avm-hamza-abdullahi-1945-2019-3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Daga bayan rayuwa == A watan Oktoban 1988, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Air Vice Marshal matsayi na uku mafi girma a rundunar sojojin saman Najeriya, sannan ya yi ritaya bayan watanni biyu. A cikin ritaya, ya yi rayuwa mai zaman kansa - kuma shi ne darekta a [[Julius Berger]], Kamfanin gine-gine da injiniya na Jamus; Ɗantata and Sawoe Construction Company Limited, wani kamfanin gine-gine na Najeriya-Jamus. Ya samu karɓuwa sosai saboda ƙwarewarsa ta soja da horo, ya kasance abokin tarayya kuma aminin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/avm-hamza-abdullahi-1945-2019-3.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801123236/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/avm-hamza-abdullahi-1945-2019-3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2019, a wani asibitin Jamus bayan doguwar jinya.<ref>https://punchng.com/late-avm-hamza-abdullahi-buried-in-kano/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Gwamnonin jihar Kano]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1945]] {{Gwamnonin Jihar Kano}} hsfsyu492vmw7yjtnq8vmz44cr5exr9 Armand Traore 0 44129 891471 715116 2026-08-04T20:35:42Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:FA Cup 2009-2010 - Stoke City v Arsenal.jpg|thumb|'''Armand Mouhamed Traoré''']] [[Fayil:FA Cup 2009-2010 - Stoke City v Arsenal.jpg|thumb|Armand Traore]] '''Armand Mouhamed Traoré'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=526&kisiId=2114918 |title=Armand Mouhamed Traore |publisher=Turkish Football Federation |access-date=1 September 2019 |language=tr}}</ref> (an haife shi 8 ga watan Oktobar 1989), tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|baya na hagu]] . Traoré samfurin ne na Kwalejin Arsenal . An haife shi a Faransa, ya wakilci Faransa a matakin ƙasa da 19 da 21, amma tun lokacin da ya zaɓi ya wakilci ƙasar iyayensa, [[Senegal]], a babban matakin. == Aikin kulob == === Arsenal === [[File:Armand_Traore2.jpg|left|thumb|329x329px| Traore yana taka leda a [[Arsenal FC|Arsenal]] a shekara ta 2008.]] An haife shi a Chatenay-Malabry, Faransa, Traoré ya fara aikin matashin ƙwallon ƙafa a Suresnes, a Racing Paris da [[Monaco]] .<ref name="Traoré Arsenal 1">{{cite news|title=How I got my body: Armand Traoré|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2010/feb/07/armand-traore-arsenal|work=The Guardian|date=7 February 2010|access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> Traoré ya koma Arsenal a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 2005.<ref>{{cite news|title=FOOTBALL SPY: RIO LOOKS GRAND FOR GUNNERS|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/football-spy-rio-looks-grand-553353|publisher=Daily Mirror|date=11 August 2005|access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> Kodayake ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar ajiya, yana yin bayyanuwa shida a gasar Premier ta FA a shekarar 2005–2006, ya taka leda a shaidar Dennis Bergkamp da Ajax a wasan farko a filin wasa na Emirates a cikin watan Yulin 2006.<ref name="Traoré Arsenal">{{cite web|url=https://www.arsenal.com/historic/players/armand-traore|title=Armand Traore|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819162954/https://www.arsenal.com/historic/players/armand-traore|archive-date=19 August 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/0708reserves-portsmouth-3-2-arsenal-report|title=Reserves: Portsmouth 3-2 Arsenal - Report|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=7 February 2006|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819121205/https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/0708reserves-portsmouth-3-2-arsenal-report|archive-date=21 August 2020|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/0708reserves-arsenal-1-2-tottenham-hotspur|title=Reserves: Arsenal 1-2 Tottenham Hotspur|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=27 February 2006|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819121208/https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/0708reserves-arsenal-1-2-tottenham-hotspur|archive-date=21 August 2020|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/22630/0708reserves-arsenal-0-1-fulham-report|title=Reserves: Arsenal 0-1 Fulham - Report|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=6 March 2006|access-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819121204/https://www.arsenal.com/match/report/22630/0708reserves-arsenal-0-1-fulham-report|archive-date=21 August 2020|url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/matchreport.asp?thisNav=fixtures&fxid=295613|title=Match Report: Bergkamp Testimonial|work=Arsenal.com|access-date=27 July 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822024220/http://www.arsenal.com/matchreport.asp?thisNav=fixtures&fxid=295613|archive-date=21 August 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Traoré ya kasance memba ne da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin 'yan wasa su 18 na Arsenal a wasansu da Dinamo [[Zagreb]] a gasar zakarun Turai a wata mai zuwa. Ya ci gaba da sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararru tare da kulob ɗin a cikin watan Agustan 2006 kafin ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar cin kofin League a wasan zagaye na uku da West Bromwich Albion a ranar 24 ga watan Oktoba, a matsayin minti na 24 a madadin Emmanuel Adebayor . Traoré ya ci gaba da fara wasa a gasar cin kofin League da Everton wanda aka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a Goodison Park . Sannan ya taka leda a waje da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a ci 6-3 na kwata fainal. Traore ya kasance cikin jerin ‘yan wasan da za su fafata a zagayen kusa da na ƙarshe da Tottenham Hotspur wadda ta yi nasara da ci 5-3 a jumulla. Sannan ya buga wasan ƙarshe da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] wanda Arsenal ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairun 2007, Traoré ya fara wasan daf da na kusa da ƙarshe na cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers a ci 1-0 a Ewood Park . A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta shekarar 2006–2007, ya buga wasanni bakwai a duk gasa. [[File:FA_Cup_2009-2010_-_Stoke_City_v_Arsenal_-_Armand_Traoré.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Traore yana taka leda a [[Arsenal FC|Arsenal]] a shekara ta 2010.]] A farkon yaƙin shekarar 2007-2008, Traoré ya ce yana so ya tabbatar da ingancinsa ga kocin Arsène Wenger . <ref>{{cite news|title=Arsenal's Traore doesn't want to be a loan right now|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/arsenals-traore-doesnt-want-to-be-a-loan-right-now-6664721.html|publisher=London Evening Standard|date=16 October 2007|access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> Traoré ya sa a cikin wasanni masu ban sha'awa da yawa don Reserves kuma har ma ya zira ƙwallaye kaɗan ciki har da ƙoƙari na dogon lokaci da Tottenham Reserves . A cikin watan Satumbar 2007, Traoré ya koma White Hart Lane, amma wannan lokacin ne kawai a matsayin mai kallo lokacin da aka kama shi don ɗaukar ƙurar ƙura a cikin filin wasa. An kama Traoré da abokinsa don yi masa tambayoyi tsawon lokacin wasan, kuma an yi masa gargaɗi. Daga baya Traoré ya nemi afuwar lamarin kuma ya ce bai san ba daidai ba ne domin dokokin sun bambanta a Faransa. A wannan watan ne Traoré ya fara jefa ƙwallo a ragar ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Newcastle United da ci 2-0 a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin League. Sai a ranar 18 ga Disambar 2007 lokacin da ya fara buga wa Arsenal wasa na farko cikin watanni uku da Blackburn Rovers a zagaye na huɗu na gasar cin kofin League, inda ya fara wasan kuma ya buga minti 120 don taimakawa kungiyar ta samu nasara da ci 3-2. Daga nan Traoré ya fara wasan Arsenal da Burnley a gasar cin kofin FA, kafin Justin Hoyte ya maye gurbinsa a minti na 71. Ya buga wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin League da abokan hamayyarsa, Tottenham Hotspur, yayin da kulob ɗin ya yi rashin nasara da ci 6-2 a jimillar. Bayan ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da ci 3-1 [[Premier League|a gasar Premier]] a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun 2008 ba tare da shiga filin wasa ba, Traoré ya fara buga minti 90 a karawar da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a Old Trafford a ci 4-0 a gasar. FA Cup zagaye na biyar ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu, 2008. A ƙarshe ya sami wasansa na farko na Premier a ranar 5 ga Afrilun 2008, da Liverpool, yayin da suka tashi 1-1. An yi amfani da Traoré a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu a wasanni biyu na ƙarshe na Arsenal na kakar 2007-2008, inda ya ba da giciye wanda ya kai ga nasarar Nicklas Bendtner a kan Everton. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta bana, ya buga wasanni goma sha ɗaya a dukkan gasa. An sanar da shi a ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 2008 cewa Traoré ya rattaba hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragin na dogon lokaci tare da Arsenal. Traoré ya koma Arsenal a lokacin rani na shekarar 2009 kuma ya kuduri aniyar yin yakin neman gurbinsa a ƙungiyar ta farko. Bayan haka ya taka leda a wasan da Arsenal ta doke West Bromwich Albion da ci 2-0 a gasar cin kofin League, har na tsawon mintuna 61 kafin Nacer Barazite ya maye gurbinsa. Sakamakon Gaël Clichy da Kieran Gibbs duka suna fama da rauni, Traoré ya tashi zuwa matsayin farkon hagu. Ya fara fara kakar wasa ta farko da Sunderland, yayin da suka sha kashi 1–0 a ranar 21 ga Nuwambar 2009. Hakan ya biyo bayan farawa a wasanni biyu na gaba a cikin rashin nasara da ci 3-0 a gida a hannun Chelsea da kuma nasara akan Liverpool 2-1 a Anfield. Traoré da kansa ya ji rauni kuma ya rasa wasu wasanni, amma ya dawo da Aston Villa a ci 3–0 a ranar 27 ga watan Disambar 2009. Sannan ya kara buga wasanni huɗu a gefe amma ya sha fama a wasan da Everton da Bolton Wanderers . An ba da rahoton cewa tsarinsa ya jawo sha'awar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] kuma Traoré ya tilasta musu ƙaryata rahotannin da ke shirin komawa Faransa. Komawar Clichy ya tilasta wa Traoré ficewa daga ƙungiyar har zuwa lokacin da May za ta ziyarci Blackburn Rovers, amma mai tsaron baya ya tabbatar da cewa shi daliɓi ne wanda ya fi iya ƙwarewa, wanda ya taimaka ''wa Gunners din'' ta rufe tazarar da ke saman teburin gasar Premier. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2009–2010, ya buga wasanni goma sha huɗu a duk gasa. [[File:Armand_Traoré.jpg|left|thumb|408x408px| Traoré ya koma Arsenal a 2010.]] Traoré ya buga wasansa na farko a kakar wasa ta shekarar 2011-2012, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 86, da [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] a wasa na biyu, inda Arsenal ta samu nasara da ci 2-1 da 3-1 a jumulla wanda ya taimakawa Arsenal ta samu tikitin shiga gasar. matakin rukuni mai fa'ida na gasar don karo na 14 a jere. A ranar 28 ga Agustan 2011, ya taka leda na tsawon mintuna 90 a matsayin mai tsaron baya na hagu da Manchester United a Old Trafford a cikin rashin nasara da ci 8 – 2.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/14606020.stm|title=Manchester United 8–2 Arsenal|publisher=BBC Sport|date=28 August 2011|access-date=21 August 2020|first=Phil|last=McNulty}}</ref><ref name="Traore FourFourTwo Senegal">{{cite web|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/news/arsenal-full-back-traore-called-senegal|title=Arsenal full-back Traore called up by Senegal|website=Four Four Two.com|date=19 August 2011}}</ref> An ruwaito a ranar 29 ga watan Agustan 2011 cewa Traore na daf da komawa sabuwar ƙungiyar [[Premier League|Premier]] ta Queens Park Rangers da ta samu ci gaba bayan ya wuce lafiyarsa. Gabaɗaya, ya buga jimlar sau 32 tare da Gunners.<ref>{{cite news|title=Accordo fatto per Inler Lichtsteiner, duello col City|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/juventus/2011/05/28/news/agenda_marotta_inler-16880781/|publisher=La Repubblica|language=it|date=28 March 2011|access-date=21 August 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] h30do2evsp4x5znp2wpo9tiadd464ib Elimane Cisse 0 44674 891329 873644 2026-08-04T12:55:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elimane Oumar Cissé''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Maris 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Senegal wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal Ligueth FC da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Senegal . '''Elimane Oumar Cissé''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Maris 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Senegal wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal Ligueth FC da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Senegal . == Aikin kulob == A watan Fabrairun 2019, Cissé ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Forge FC ta ƙasar Kanada a gasar Premier League, kafin fara kakar wasa ta lig. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2019 |title=Forge FC adds Senegalese and Canadian internationals |url=http://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-adds-senegalese-and-canadian-internationals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060333/http://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-adds-senegalese-and-canadian-internationals |archive-date=27 February 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |publisher=Forge FC}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yulin 2019, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Valour FC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Veenstra |first=Michael |date=July 21, 2019 |title=Forge FC Put Away Valour In Intense Heat Up In Canada |url=https://lastwordonsports.com/soccer/2019/07/21/forge-put-away-valour-scorcher/ |website=Last Word on Sports |access-date=July 1, 2026 |archive-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206193157/https://lastwordonsports.com/soccer/2019/07/21/forge-put-away-valour-scorcher/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da ƙungiyar, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2019 da 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Elimane Cisse Returns To Forge |url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-elimane-cisse-2024-sign/ |website=Northern Tribune}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ya tsawaita kwangilarsa zuwa wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2021 |title=Midfielders Achinioti-Jönsson, Cissé return to Forge FC for 2021 season |url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/midfielders-achinioti-jonsson-and-cisse-return-to-forge-fc-for-2021-season |website=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connor-Clarke |first=Charlie |date=5 February 2021 |title=Midfielders Achinioti-Jönsson, Cissé returning to Forge FC in 2021 |url=https://canpl.ca/article/midfielders-achinioti-jonsson-cisse-returning-to-forge-fc-in-2021 |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a cikin mintunan da aka buga kuma an sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar mako ta lig sau biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Connor-Clarke |first=Charlie |date=December 21, 2021 |title=CPL50 – 6. Elimane Cissé (Forge FC) |url=https://canpl.ca/article/cpl50-6-elimane-cisse-forge-fc |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ya koma kulob din Morocco na US Touarga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Maroc : Pape Boubacar Gadiaga, ancien coach de Diambars, a mené l'Union Touarga Sport en 1ère division ! |trans-title=Morocco: Pape Boubacar Gadiaga, former coach of Diambars, led Union Touarga Sport to the 1st division! |url=https://wiwsport.com/2022/05/18/maroc-pape-bouacar-gadiaga-ancien-coach-de-diambars-a-mene-lunion-touarga-sport-en-1ere-division/ |website=WIW Sport |language=fr}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya koma tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Diambars . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2023 |title=CHAN 2023 – Élimane Cissè (milieu de terrain) : « Nous voulons nous racheter face à la RDC » |trans-title=CHAN 2023 – Élimane Cissè (midfielder): “We want to redeem ourselves against the DRC” |url=https://wiwsport.com/2023/01/21/video-chan-2023-elimane-cisse-milieu-de-terrain-nous-voulons-nous-racheter-face-a-la-rdc/ |website=WIW Sport |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2024, ya koma Forge FC bisa kwantiragin shekaru da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Forge FC welcome Elimane Cissé back to the club |url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-welcome-elimane-cisse-back-to-the-club |website=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tierney |first=Mitchell |date=31 January 2024 |title=Forge FC announce return of midfielder Elimane Cissé |url=https://canpl.ca/article/forge-fc-announce-return-of-midfielder-elimane-cisse |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, saboda matsalolin biza, bai sami damar shiga kulob din ba har sai Yulin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2024 |title=Elimane Cissé Arrives in Hamilton Ahead of Crucial Toronto FC Clash |url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/elimane-cisse-arrives-in-hamilton-ahead-of-crucial-toronto-fc-clash |website=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Senegal Ligueth FC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=February 6, 2026 |title=Elimane Cisse Signs In Senegal |url=https://northerntribune.ca/elimane-cisse-signs-in-senegal/ |website=Northern Tribune}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cissé ɗan asalin ƙasar Senegal ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jack |first=Kristian |date=August 25, 2021 |title=Forge go through the gears powered by Cisse |url=https://canpl.ca/article/jack-forge-kick-on-powered-by-cisse |website=[[Canadian Premier League]]}}</ref> Ya fara wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Senegal 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015, inda Senegal ta kare a matsayi na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=February 5, 2021 |title=Forge FC Secures Return Of Achinioti-Jonsson, Cisse |url=https://northerntribune.ca/forge-fc-achinioti-jonsson-cisse/ |website=Northern Tribune}}</ref> <ref name="winner">{{Cite web |last=Jacques |first=John |date=February 5, 2023 |title=Elimane Cisse Wins African Nations Championship With Senegal |url=https://northerntribune.ca/senegal-african-nations-championship-elimane-cisse/ |website=Northern Tribune}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJacques2023">Jacques, John (5 February 2023). [https://northerntribune.ca/senegal-african-nations-championship-elimane-cisse/ "Elimane Cisse Wins African Nations Championship With Senegal"]. ''Northern Tribune''.</cite></ref> Cissé ya fara buga wa Senegal wasa a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2016, a wasan sada zumunci da Mexico . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthias |first=Dylan |date=April 22, 2019 |title=The inaugural Canadian Premier League season preview |url=https://themerchantsailor.com/the-inaugural-canadian-premier-league-season-preview/#Forge |website=The Merchant Sailor}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2022 (wanda aka gudanar a farkon 2023), inda Senegal ta lashe gasar. <ref name="winner"/> Duk da haka, ya ji rauni kafin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=N'Po |first=Lydiane |date=January 26, 2023 |title=CHAN 2023 – Sénégal : Elimane Cissé forfait contre la Mauritanie |trans-title=CHAN 2023 – Senegal: Elimane Cissé out against Mauritania |url=https://cridem.org/imprimable.php?article=762793 |website=Cridem |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2023 |title=CHAN 2023 : Elimane Cissé forfait contre la Mauritanie |trans-title=CHAN 2023: Elimane Cissé out against Mauritania |url=https://actunet.net/actualite/chan-2023-elimane-cisse-forfait-contre-la-mauritanie/ |website=ActuNet |language=fr |access-date=July 1, 2026 |archive-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206041318/https://actunet.net/actualite/chan-2023-elimane-cisse-forfait-contre-la-mauritanie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A watan Oktoban 2019, Cissé ya auri matarsa, Seynabou, duk da haka, saboda kakar wasannin Firimiya ta Kanada ta 2019 har yanzu tana ci gaba, bai iya komawa Senegal ba kuma ya yi magana da matarsa ta [[WhatsApp]] a lokacin bikin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milton |first=Steve |date=July 19, 2024 |title=Elimane Cissé returns to lineup for key match vs. Cavalry: "Even when I left here I wanted to come back." |url=https://forgefc.canpl.ca/article/elimane-cisse-returns-to-lineup-for-key-match-vs-cavalry-even-when-i-left-here-i-wanted-to-come-back |website=[[Forge FC]]}}</ref> == Daraja == === Kulob === '''Forge FC''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Kanada : 2019, 2020 === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === '''Senegal''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka : 2022 == Nassoshi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] 4p2bzgjjfed3g6qggru06cg8slgxhuy Haramta jakar Leda 0 48284 891600 827366 2026-08-05T07:14:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Are you reusable bag ready - Target plastic bag ban in Portland Oregon (8286710498).jpg|thumb|hatamta jakar leda]] [[Fayil:Map of plastic bag bans in Australia.svg|thumb|Taswirar India aka hana anfani da jikar leda]] Haramta kamar Leda doka ce da ke ƙuntata amfani da jakar ledoji na filastik mai sauƙi a wuraren sayarwa. A farkon ƙarni na ashirin da daya 21, an sami yanayin duniya game da fitowar jaka na filastik masu sauƙi.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001 |pmid=30503422 |title=Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A review |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |volume=137 |pages=157–171 |year=2018 |last1=Schnurr |first1=Riley E.J. |last2=Alboiu |first2=Vanessa |last3=Chaudhary |first3=Meenakshi |last4=Corbett |first4=Roan A. |last5=Quanz |first5=Meaghan E. |last6=Sankar |first6=Karthikeshwar |last7=Srain |first7=Harveer S. |last8=Thavarajah |first8=Venukasan |last9=Xanthos |first9=Dirk |last10=Walker |first10=Tony R. |bibcode=2018MarPB.137..157S |s2cid=54522420 }}</ref><ref name="Xanthos">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.048 |pmid=28238328 |title=International policies to reduce plastic marine pollution from single-use plastics (plastic bags and microbeads): A review |journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin |volume=118 |issue=1–2 |pages=17–26 |year=2017 |last1=Xanthos |first1=Dirk |last2=Walker |first2=Tony R. |bibcode=2017MarPB.118...17X }}</ref> Takalma na sayen filastik guda ɗaya,<ref name="plastic bags AU">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/settlements/waste/plastic-bags/index.html|title=Plastic bags|date=5 November 2009|publisher=Australian Government|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> wanda aka saba yi daga filastik mai ƙarancin polyethylene (LDPE), an ba da su kyauta ga abokan ciniki ta hanyar shagunan yayin sayen kayayyaki: an daɗe ana ɗaukar jaka a matsayin hanyar da ta dace, mai arha, da [[Tsafta|tsabta]] don jigilar abubuwa. Matsalolin da ke tattare da jakunkunan filastik sun haɗa da amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba (kamar mai, gas da kwal), matsaloli yayin zubar, da tasirin muhalli. A lokaci guda tare da raguwa a cikin jaka na filastik mai sauƙi, shagunan sun gabatar da jaka na cin kasuwa masu amfani. Gwamnatoci daban-daban sun haramta sayar da jaka masu sauƙi, cajin kwastomomi don jaka masu sauƙi.<ref name="Xanthos"/> Gwamnatin [[Bangladesh]] ita ce ta farko da ta yi hakan a shekara ta 2002, inda ta sanya haramtacciyar haramiya akan jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi. Tsakanin 2010 da 2019, yawan manufofin jama'a da aka nufa don fitar da jakunkunan filastik sun ninka sau uku.<ref name="pmid31109543">{{Cite journal|url-status=428–440}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2022, an kuma gabatar da irin wannan haramcin a cikin kasashe 99, tare da matakai daban-daban na tilasta, kuma kasashe 32 a maimakon haka suna sanya caji ga jaka. Har ila yau, wasu hukunce-hukunce a matakin kasa sun kafa haramtacciya da cajin.. == Tambayoyi == [[File:Payatas-Dumpsite_Manila_Philippines02.jpg|thumb|[[Gurbacewar Robobi|Sharar filastik]] a kan tuddai na sharar gida a cikin [[Filipin|Philippines]]]] Takalma na filastik suna haifar da ƙananan batutuwan muhalli da muhalli. Matsalar da ta fi dacewa tare da jakunkunan filastik shine adadin sharar da aka samar. Yawancin jakunkunan filastik sun ƙare a kan tituna kuma daga baya sun gurɓata manyan hanyoyin ruwa, koguna, da rafi. [[File:Photodegraded_Plastic_Bag.jpg|left|thumb|Takardar filastik da aka lalata ta kusa da hanyar tafiya. Kimanin 2,000 guda 1 zuwa 25 mm (1/32" zuwa 1"), watanni uku na bayyanar waje.]] Ko da lokacin da aka zubar da su yadda ya kamata, suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don lalacewa da rushewa, suna samar da adadi mai yawa na [[Tarkace|shara]] a tsawon lokaci. Takalma da ba a zubar da su yadda ya kamata sun gurɓata [[Hanyar ruwa|hanyoyin ruwa]], an toshe magudanar ruwa kuma an samo su a cikin teku, suna shafar yanayin halittu na halittu na ruwa. Babban adadin sharar filastik ya ƙare a cikin teku a kowace shekara, yana haifar da barazana ga nau'in ruwa da rushewa ga jerin abinci na ruwa. Yawancin nau'o'in microbial suna mamayewa a kan barbashi na filastik wanda ke inganta cutar su, kuma barbashi na roba da iska ke fitarwa suna samar da wuraren shara a sassa daban-daban na teku.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=56928–56947}}</ref> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa za a sami filastik fiye da kifi a cikin teku nan da shekara ta 2050 sai dai idan kasashe sun zo da matakan gaggawa don inganta ingantaccen samarwa, amfani da kuma kula da sharar filastik a duk rayuwarsu. An gano jakunkunan filastik don taimakawa ga dumamar duniya. Bayan an zubar da shi, idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana mai daidaituwa, farfajiyar irin wannan filastik tana samar da iskar gas guda biyu na methane da ethylene.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ghaffar |first1=Imania |last2=Rashid |first2=Muhammad |last3=Akmal |first3=Muhammad |last4=Hussain |first4=Ali |date=August 2022 |title=Plastics in the environment as potential threat to life: an overview |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-21542-x |journal=Environmental Science and Pollution Research |language=en |volume=29 |issue=38 |pages=56928–56947 |doi=10.1007/s11356-022-21542-x |pmid=35713833 |s2cid=249713887 |issn=0944-1344}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin reshe / manyan rassan rassa, yana rushewa cikin sauƙi a tsawon lokaci idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik da ke haifar da wuraren da aka fallasa da kuma hanzarta sakin iskar gas. Samar da wadannan iskar gas daga filastik budurwa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da yanki / lokaci, don haka LDPE yana fitar da iskar gas a cikin mafi ƙarancin ƙima idan aka kwatanta da sauran filastik. A ƙarshen kwana 212, an yi rikodin hayaki a 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 na methane, 14.5 nmol g 1 d-1 na ethylene, 3.9 nmol g1 d-1 na etane da 9.7 nmol g - d-1 na propylene.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our planet is drowning in plastic pollution. This World Environment Day, it's time for a change|url=https://www.unenvironment.org/interactive/beat-plastic-pollution/|access-date=2020-08-24|website=www.unenvironment.org}}</ref> Nau'o'i biyu na asali na lalacewar kai tsaye ga namun daji shine rikicewa da cin abinci. Dabbobi na iya zama masu rikitarwa da nutsar da su. Sau da yawa dabbobi ne ke cinye jakunkunan filastik waɗanda ba za su iya rarrabe su daga abinci ba. A sakamakon haka, suna rufe hanji wanda ke haifar da mutuwa ta hanyar yunwa. Takalma na filastik na iya toshe magudanar ruwa, kama tsuntsaye da kashe dabbobi. Asusun Duniya na Yanayi ya kiyasta cewa fiye da 100,000 whales, hatimi, da turtles suna mutuwa a kowace shekara sakamakon cin abinci ko kuma an kama su da jakar filastik. A Indiya, kimanin shanu 20 suna mutuwa a kowace rana sakamakon cinye jaka na filastik da kuma samun tsarin narkewar su da jaka. Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Afirka don samun magudanar ruwa da tsarin magudanar da aka rufe da jaka wanda ke haifar da mummunar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro saboda karuwar yawan sauro da ke zaune a kan magudanar ruwan da ta ambaliya. An kirkiro kalmar "farar gurɓataccen" a kasar Sin don bayyana tasirin gida da na duniya na jakunkunan filastik da aka watsar a kan muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Karl|first1=David M.|last2=Wilson|first2=Samuel T.|last3=Ferrón|first3=Sara|last4=Royer|first4=Sarah-Jeanne|date=1 August 2018|title=Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=8|pages=e0200574|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0200574|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6070199|pmid=30067755|bibcode=2018PLoSO..1300574R|doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref> Ana kuma hura jakar filastik masu sauƙi a cikin bishiyoyi da sauran tsire-tsire kuma ana iya kuskuren su don abinci. Takalma na filastik sun lalace ta hanyar lalacewar polymer amma ba ta hanyar lalacewa ba. A sakamakon haka, duk wani sinadarin guba da suka hada da masu hana wuta, antimicrobials, da filastik za a saki cikin muhalli.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/docs/trash_that_kills.pdf|title=Marine litter – trash that kills|access-date=15 November 2016|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402044415/http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/docs/trash_that_kills.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yawancin waɗannan gubobi kai tsaye suna shafar tsarin endocrine na kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke sarrafa kusan kowane tantanin halitta a cikin jiki.<ref name="Plastic Waste and Wildlife">{{cite web|url=http://plasticwastesolutions.com/plastic-litter/#Plastic%20Waste%20and%20Wildlife|title=Plastic Waste and Wildlife|website=Plastic Waste Solutions|access-date=1 January 2018|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073033/http://plasticwastesolutions.com/plastic-litter/#Plastic%20Waste%20and%20Wildlife|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna matsakaicin aiki na "rayuwa" na jakar filastik ya zama kusan shekaru 20. Takalma na kayan robori da aka zubar a cikin Tekun Pacific na iya ƙare a cikin Babban Gidan shara na Pacific. 80% na sharar filastik ya fito ne daga ƙasa; sauran sun fito ne daga dandamali na mai da jiragen ruwa. Dabbobi na ruwa na iya cin wannan, kuma su toshe hanyoyin numfashin su da tsarin narkewa. Bakunan filastik ba wai kawai suna ƙarawa ga Babban Gidan shara na Pacific ba, ana iya wanke su a bakin teku a duniya. == Hanyoyi == Hanyoyi biyu da suka fi shahara na fitar da jaka na filastik masu sauƙi sune caji da haramtacciyar doka.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> An ce dabarun cajin [who?] don samun duk sakamako iri ɗaya a rage jakar filastik a matsayin haramta jakar fila filastik, tare da ƙarin fa'idar ƙirƙirar sabon tushen kudaden shiga.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=16–19}}</ref> Hanyar cajin jakar filastik kuma tana kare zaɓin mabukaci, wanda haramcin bai yi ba.<ref name=":1" /> Sake amfani da jaka na filastik na iya zama wata hanyar fitarwa. Koyaya, kashi 5% ne kawai na jakunkunan filastik ke zuwa wuraren sake amfani.<ref name=":1"/> Ko da lokacin da aka kawo jaka zuwa wuraren sake amfani, sau da yawa suna tashi daga waɗannan ɗakunan ko motocin sake amfani kuma sun ƙare a matsayin datti a kan tituna.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|url-status=5–6}}</ref> Wani batu tare da sake amfani da shi shine cewa ana yin jaka daban-daban daga nau'ikan filastik daban-daban amma suna da kama da juna.<ref name=":1" /> Za'a iya yin jaka daga bioplastics ko filastik mai narkewa, kuma idan ba zato ba tsammani an haɗa su a cikin takin mai, bioplastics na iya gurɓata gurɓataccen biodegradable.<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan jaka na iya toshe kayan aikin sake amfani lokacin da aka gauraya da wasu nau'ikan filastik, wanda zai iya zama mai tsada don gyarawa.<ref name=":2" /> Misali, farashin gyare-gyare ya kai kusan dala miliyan 1 a kowace shekara a San Jose, California.<ref name=":2" /> [[File:Grocery_bag_comparisons_of_environmental_impact,_OWID.svg|thumb|350x350px|Kwatanta jakar kayan abinci game da tasirin muhalli]] [[File:Grocery_bag_comparisons_for_greenhouse_gas_emissions,_OWID.svg|thumb|350x350px|Kwatanta jakar kayan abinci don fitar da iskar gas mai guba]] Dangane da binciken 2018 a cikin Jaridar Tattalin Arziki ta Amurka: Manufofin Tattalin arziki, haraji na cents biyar a kan jaka masu zubar da su ya rage amfani da jaka mai zubar da maki 40.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=177–210}}</ref> Dangane da bita na 2019 na binciken da ke akwai, haraji da haraji sun haifar da raguwar kashi 66% a cikin amfani a Denmark, fiye da 90% a Ireland, tsakanin 74 da 90% a Afirka ta Kudu, Belgium, Hong Kong, Washington DC, Santa Barbara, Burtaniya da Portugal, da kuma kusan 50% a Botswana da China.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> Wani binciken 2019 a cikin ''Jaridar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa'' na Muhalli ya gano cewa aiwatar da haramtacciyar takunkumin filastik a California ya haifar da raguwar fam miliyan 40 na filastik ta hanyar kawar da jakunkunan filastik amma Californians sun sayi fam miliyan 12 na filastic ta hanyar sayen jakar shara.<ref name="Taylor2019">{{Cite journal|url-status=254–271}}</ref> Binciken ya nuna cewa kafin gabatar da haramcin tsakanin 12% da 22% na jakunkunan filastik an sake amfani da su azaman jakunkunan shara.<ref name="Taylor2019" /> == Rashin amincewa == Hana jakar filastik na iya haifar da manyan kasuwannin baƙar fata a cikin jakar fila filastik.<ref name="pmid31109543"/> Bincike ya nuna cewa haramtacciyar jakar filastik na iya kawar da mutane daga amfani da jakar fila filastik mai laushi, amma kuma yana iya kara amfani da jakunkunan takarda guda ɗaya da ba a tsara su ba ko jakunkunan filastik masu kauri a wuraren da ake samar da waɗannan kyauta.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|url-status=w28499}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, haramcin na iya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin tallace-tallace na jakunkunan shara sabo mutane ba za su iya sake amfani da tsoffin jakunkunan kayan abinci ba don abubuwa kamar yin ƙananan gwangwani. Samar da wasu jaka wadanda ba na filastik ba {misali takarda, auduga, ta amfani da filastik budurwa kamar filastik da ke da kauri na micron 50} na iya samar da karin hayakin gas fiye da jakunkunan filastik, wanda ke nufin cewa hayakin gas na iya ƙaruwa a kan net bayan haramtacciyar jakar filastik. Za a buƙaci sake amfani da wasu hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da su fiye da sau ɗari don sanya su da muhalli fiye da jakunkunan filastik. Ana kuma kallon su a matsayin marasa tsabta fiye da filastik saboda suna iya kawo kwayoyin cuta daga waje da shagon zuwa manyan wuraren tuntuɓar kamar kekuna da bincika wuraren da aka ajiye. == Shari'a a duniya == === Takaitaccen bayani === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" width="100%" ! class="sortable" scope="col" | Doka ! class="sortable" scope="col" | Ƙasa ! scope="col" | Ƙungiyoyin yankuna na majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanai ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Manazarta |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Afghanistan}} | Asiya-Facifik | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Albania}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018. | <ref>https://emerging-europe.com/news/albania-bans-lightweight-plastic-bags</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Andorra}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Since 2017. | <ref>https://www.mediambient.ad/bosses-de-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |N/A |Tun 2018. |<ref>https://theanguillian.com/2018/11/anguilla-joins-regions-governments-banning-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | Latin Amerika | | <ref>https://appliedecology.cals.ncsu.edu/absci/2016/07/antigua-and-barbuda-bans-plastic-bags/</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Regional ban | {{flag|Argentina}} | Latin Amerika | An hana a yankunan birane daban-daban | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clarin.com/ciudades/adios-bolsas-super-opciones-precios-hora-hacer-compras_0_ryMN8RUBl.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421043805/http://www.clarin.com/ciudades/adios-bolsas-super-opciones-precios-hora-hacer-compras_0_ryMN8RUBl.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Armenia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2022. |<ref>https://www.panorama.am/en/news/2019/02/23/Armenia/2076608</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Australia}} | Gabashin Turai da sauran | An dakatar da buhunan filastik masu nauyi a duk jihohi da yankuna. An maye gurbin jakunkunan filastik masu nauyi da jakunkuna masu kauri 15 ¢ da za a sake amfani da su a cikin manyan sarkokin manyan kantuna biyu a duk jihohi da yankuna. [[Norfolk Island]] yana da yarjejeniya ta son rai tare da dillalai. |<ref>http://www.news.com.au/finance/money/costs/new-laws-and-changes-that-will-affect-australia-from-january-1-2018-and-beyond/news-story/85825f4092834190a292a828aacb7c3d</ref><ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-06/plastic-bags-banned-in-queensland-cash-for-cans-and-bottles/8876620</ref><ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/news/victoria-set-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-year</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.norfolkonlinenews.com/ni-regional-council/council-adopts-a-plastic-bag-policy-for-norfolk-island |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2021-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620072219/http://www.norfolkonlinenews.com/ni-regional-council/council-adopts-a-plastic-bag-policy-for-norfolk-island |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.sbs.com.au/news/victoria-moves-to-ban-plastic-bags</ref><ref>https://7news.com.au/news/nsw/nsw-set-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-c-735021</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200613083826/https://7news.com.au/news/nsw/nsw-set-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-c-735021</ref><ref>https://www.nsw.gov.au/news/single-use-plastics-banned-under-new-law</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Austria}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2020. |<ref>https://www.seattletimes.com/business/austria-to-ban-most-plastic-bags-starting-in-2020</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2021. |<ref>https://eurasianet.org/azerbaijan-bans-more-plastic</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Bahamas}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 1 Juli 2020. |<ref>http://www.tribune242.com/news/2020/jan/03/customer-complaints-single-use-plastic-ban-comes-e</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bahrain}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 21 Juli 2019. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/region/bahrain-to-ban-plastic-bags-in-july-12 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507193005/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/region/bahrain-to-ban-plastic-bags-in-july-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bangladesh}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2002. |<ref>http://www.globaltvedmonton.com/top+5/6442656206/story.html{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Barbados}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Afrilu 2019. |<ref>http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/another-caricom-country-places-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products_155333?profile=1373|title=Jamaica{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Observer Limited|website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Belarus}} | Gabashin Turai | Ana la'akari da cajin. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvr.by/eng/news/obshchestvo/belarus_v_trende_borby_s_musorom/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Belgium}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016 a Wallonia, 2017 a Brussels, 2019 a Flanders. |<ref>https://www.ff-packaging.com/plastic-bags-law-belgium</ref><ref>https://bakkersvlaanderen.be/nieuws/verbod-plastic-zakjes-definitief-van-kracht</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Belize}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 22 Afrilu 2019. |<ref>https://mic.com/articles/188565/belize-pledges-to-ban-plastic-forks-bags-and-other-single-use-items-by-2019#.dilSphOr1</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Benin}} | Afrika | Tun Nuwamba 2017. |<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2017-11-08/stop-banning-plastic-bags-please</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Bhutan}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref>http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=22302</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Bolivia}} | Kudancin Amerika | An haramta a [[La Paz]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.boliviabella.com/la-paz-bolivia-bans-plastic-bags.html |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035129/http://www.boliviabella.com/la-paz-bolivia-bans-plastic-bags.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | Gabashin Turai | |<ref>https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27113/plastics_limits.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Botswana}} | Afrika | Tun Nuwamba 2018. |<ref>https://www.jenmansafaris.com/travel-info/travel-news-3/namibia-botswana-plastic-bag-pollution</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Brazil}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a [[Sao Paulo]] da [[Rio de Janeiro]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://theglobalgrid.org/city-of-sao-paulo-brazil-launches-ban-on-traditional-plastic-bags |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215054003/https://theglobalgrid.org/city-of-sao-paulo-brazil-launches-ban-on-traditional-plastic-bags/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/brazil-state-of-rio-de-janeiro-bans-plastic-bags</ref> |- | |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} | |Matsar daga filastik zuwa jakunkuna na takarda da aka tsara, hanyar da ba a sanar da ita ba. |<ref>https://biot.gov.io/news/tackling-plastic-pollution</ref> |- | style="background:#FF6600;" |Cajin son rai | {{flag|Brunei}} | Asiya-Facifik | |<ref>https://thescoop.co/2018/04/16/brunei-aims-phase-out-plastic-bags-2019</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Bulgaria}} | Gabashin Turai | |<ref>http://www.novinite.com/articles/168268/Bulgaria%E2%80%99s+Environment+Ministry+Reports+Substantial+Reduction+in+Plastic+Bag+Use</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. |<ref>http://www.unpei.org/latest-news/burkina-faso-endorses-law-on-sustainable-development-and-bans-non-biodegradable-plastic-bags</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Burundi}} | Afrika | Tun Ogusta 2019. |<ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Burundi-brings-forward-plastic-bag-ban-by-six-months/4552908-5235636-f508l2/index.html</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Cambodia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Oktoba 2017. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/cambodia-to-charge-customers-for-plastic-bags-9324502 |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2018-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112042929/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/cambodia-to-charge-customers-for-plastic-bags-9324502 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cameroon}} | Afrika | Tun Afrilu 2014. |<ref>http://africanarguments.org/2016/11/30/cameroon-bagging-it-after-the-plastic-ban</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Canada}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Disamba 20, 2022. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/phase-1-of-canada-s-single-use-plastics-ban-comes-into-effect-this-month-these-are-the-products-on-the-list-1.6189050 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203174357/https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/phase-1-of-canada-s-single-use-plastics-ban-comes-into-effect-this-month-these-are-the-products-on-the-list-1.6189050 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cape Verde}} | Afrika | Tun 2017. |<ref>http://www.prcmarine.org/en/congratulations{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Central African Republic}} | Afrika | Tun 2021 |<ref>https://www.radiondekeluka.org/actualites/environnement/38030-centrafrique-les-sacs-plastiques-en-circulation-malgre-l-entree-en-vigueur-de-la-loi-interdisant-l-usage.html</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Chad}} | Afrika | An haramta a [[N'Djamena]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Chad-Prohibited-Restricted-Imports |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507193005/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Chad-Prohibited-Restricted-Imports |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Chile}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Janairu 2019. |<ref>https://www.diarioconcepcion.cl/economia-y-negocios/2019/02/03/comienza-la-aplicacion-de-la-nueva-ley-de-bolsas-plasticas.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|People's Republic of China}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun daga 2022. Cajin da aka yi amfani da shi tun Yuni 2008. An maye gurbin ta hanyar ban, ban da kasuwannin kayan amfanin gona har zuwa 2025. [[Hong Kong]] da [[Macau]] suna yin cajin. |<ref>http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/3158</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2014-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411142854/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140411142854/http://english.cntv.cn/program/newshour/20110601/107359.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-03-23/china-single-use-plastic-straw-and-bag-ban-takes-effect</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://macauhub.com.mo/2019/08/19/pt-fornecimento-gratuito-de-sacos-de-plastico-passa-a-ser-punido-em-macau |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513062334/https://macauhub.com.mo/2019/08/19/pt-fornecimento-gratuito-de-sacos-de-plastico-passa-a-ser-punido-em-macau/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.circularonline.co.uk/news/china-to-cut-single-use-plastic-reliance-by-2025/</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Republic of China (Taiwan)}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2003. An haramta a 2030. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Asia.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418205829/https://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Asia.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwan-to-ban-disposable-plastic-items-by-2030</ref><ref>https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3363954</ref><ref>https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/taiwan-ban-on-plastic-bags-straws-utensils-contain/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Colombia}} | Latin America | Tun Juli 2017. An yi caji akan jakunkuna masu sake amfani da su. |<ref>http://www.eltiempo.com/vida/conozca-los-detalles-sobre-el-impuesto-que-cobrara-las-bolsas-plasticas-en-colombia-104296</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.cep.unep.org/meetings/documents/0b404dc465a9e115e589fe685e67a76e/@@download/en_file/WG.39_INF.8_Report_on_the_Status_of_Plastics_and_Styrofoam_Bans_in_the_WCR-en.pdf |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053119/http://www.cep.unep.org/meetings/documents/0b404dc465a9e115e589fe685e67a76e/@@download/en_file/WG.39_INF.8_Report_on_the_Status_of_Plastics_and_Styrofoam_Bans_in_the_WCR-en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Comoros}} | Afrika | Tun Afrilu 2018. |<ref>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010021000081</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Costa Rica}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref>https://thecostaricanews.com/2021-costa-rica-will-be-first-country-eliminate-single-use-plastics/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An ha | {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | Afrika | Tun 2018. |<ref>https://medium.com/sci-five-university-of-basel/living-without-plastic-bags-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-is-paving-the-way-e245d8bfb7a8|title=Living without plastic bags — the Democratic Republic of Congo is paving the way|work=Medium|access-date=1 January 2019|</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Republic of the Congo}} | Afrika | Tun 2011. | <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-congo-environment-plastic-20110602-idAFJOE7510G320110602<ref><ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-congo-environment-plastic-20110602-idAFJOE7510G320110602</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Croatia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2022. | <ref>https://www.total-croatia-news.com/lifestyle/58878-plastic-bag-ban-in-croatia|{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Cyprus}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 18 Febrairu 2023. | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cyprus-mail.com/2018/01/04/shops-ignoring-plastic-bag-ban |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511113551/https://cyprus-mail.com/2018/01/04/shops-ignoring-plastic-bag-ban |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/02/11/plastic-bag-ban-to-be-implemented-february-18/ |date=February 11, 2023</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Canji | {{flag|Czech Republic}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018 | <ref>https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/czech-republic-bids-farewell-free-plastic-bags-2018/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102131845/https://news.expats.cz/weekly-czech-news/czech-republic-bids-farewell-free-plastic-bags-2018/ |date=2019-11-02 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Canji | {{flag|Denmark}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Haraji akan buhunan filastik tun 1993. Hakanan akwai haraji a Greenland. | <ref>http://www.surfrider.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/report_EUMemberStateslegislations_PlasticBags_web_en.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2014-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221512/http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 |url-status=dead }}</ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221512/http://www.ina.gl/demokratihome/publikationer.aspx?docgallery=10554 </ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Djibouti}} | Afrika | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Dominica}} | Arewacin Amirka | Tun 2019. | <ref>http://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/environment/2018/08/island-nation-banning-plastic {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509045825/https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/environment/2018/08/island-nation-banning-plastic |date=2023-05-09 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|East Timor}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 23 Febrairu 2021. | <ref>https://devpolicy.org/burning-ambition-timor-lestes-waste-management-problem-20210524-2/</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Ecuador}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 9 Mayu 2020. An haramta a Galápagos Islands. | <ref>https://www.firstpost.com/tech/science/chile-becomes-first-south-american-country-to-ban-commercial-use-of-plastic-bags-4895191.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/impuesto-bolsas-plasticas-vigencia-ecuador.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2020-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184707/https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/impuesto-bolsas-plasticas-vigencia-ecuador.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Egypt}} | Afrika | An haramta a Red Sea Governorate. | <ref>https://ww.egyptindependent.com/red-sea-governorate-bans-plastics</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | Afrika | Caji tun 12 Deisamba 2019. | <ref>https://taxnews.ey.com/news/2020-0346-equatorial-guinea-publishes-financial-law-2020</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Eritrea}} | Afrika | Tun 2005. | <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2008-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227173934/http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20081227173934/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2008-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227173934/http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/retailbags/pages/list_Africa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Estonia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun Yuli 2017. | |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Regional An haramta | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | Afrika | | <ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/22/c_136302987.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081156/</ref><ref>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-05/22/c_136302987.htm</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Fiji}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2020. | <ref>https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/406477/fiji-s-plastic-bag-ban-to-come-into-effect-on-new-year-s-day</ref> |- | style="background:#FF6600;" |Caji na son rai | {{flag|Finland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | | <ref>https://www.zerowasteeurope.eu/2017/07/ditching-plastic-bags-a-lesson-from-africa/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|France}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Yuli 2016. Hakanan an dakatar da shi a Overseas France. | <ref>https://www.euractiv.com/section/sustainable-dev/news/france-postpones-plastic-bag-ban-for-six-months/|website=EurActiv.fr|access-date=14{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} November 2016</ref><ref>http://www.thetelegram.com/opinion/letter-to-the-editor/st-pierre-et-miquelon-a-taste-of-french-freedom-for-nlers-209285/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2017-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822225310/http://www.wallis-et-futuna.pref.gouv.fr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.tahiti-infos.com/Le-gouvernement-annonce-une-interdiction-des-sacs-plastiques-en-2019_a174675.html</ref><ref>https://www.euractiv.fr/section/developpement-durable/news/la-nouvelle-caledonie-interdit-les-plastiques-jetables/</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Gabon}} | Afrika | Tun 2010. | <ref>http://www.panapress.com/Gabon-to-ban-plastic-bags,-introduces-biodegradable-bags--13-534258-18-lang2-index.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Gambia}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. | <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201505121229.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Georgia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2017. | <ref>http://hetq.am/eng/news/84469/armenia-fails-to-ban-plastic-bags-taxing-them-could-generate-$215-million-for-the-government.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Germany}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2022. | <ref>https://www.de24.news/en/2020/11/plastic-bags-will-be-banned-from-supermarkets-from-2022.html</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} | |Tun 2019. |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/new-legislation-bans-most-single-use-plastic-bags-and-makes-washing-down-dog-urine-legal-obligation-42439 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-05-07 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509050555/https://www.gbc.gi/news/new-legislation-bans-most-single-use-plastic-bags-and-makes-washing-down-dog-urine-legal-obligation-42439 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Greece}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2018. | <ref>http://www.ekathimerini.com/224103/article/ekathimerini/news/free-plastic-shopping-bags-banned-from-start-of-new-year</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Greece}} | Yammacin Turai da Sauran | Tun 2018. | <ref>http://www.ekathimerini.com/224103/article/ekathimerini/news/free-plastic-shopping-bags-banned-from-start-of-new-year</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Grenada}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Febrairu 2019. | <ref>http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/311492/grenada-bans-single-use-plastics</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guatemala}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref>https://apnews.com/336d3631ab9240339aa37c3e912e611d</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramcin yanki da cajin son rai |{{Flag|Guernsey|name=(Bailiwick of) Guernsey}} | |An haramta a Alderney. Cajin son rai a Cuernsey. |<ref>https://guernseypress.com//news/2020/03/15/alderney-agrees-ban-on-single-use-plastic-bags/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124034746/https://guernseypress.com/news/2020/03/15/alderney-agrees-ban-on-single-use-plastic-bags/ |date=2023-01-24 }}<ref><ref>https://guernseypress.com//news/2018/12/28/uk-has-left-us-behind-on-plastic-bag-charge {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123231437/https://guernseypress.com/news/2018/12/28/uk-has-left-us-behind-on-plastic-bag-charge/ |date=2023-01-23 }}<ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | Afrika | Tun 2016. | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Guyana}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 2021. | <ref name="epag">{{cite web|url=http://www.epaguyana.org/epa/single-use-plastics/about-the-ban/163-the-impending-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products|title=The Impending Ban on Single-use Plastic Products (SUPP)|website=Environmental Protection Agency Guyana|access-date=4 April 2021|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119170054/https://www.epaguyana.org/epa/single-use-plastics/about-the-ban/163-the-impending-ban-on-single-use-plastic-products|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Haiti}} | Latin Amerika | | <ref name="auto51">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/15/haiti-police-raid-plastics-ban-crackdown|title=Haiti police raid warehouses in plastics ban crackdown|first=Rashmee Roshan|last=Lall|date=15 August 2013 |access-date=27 November 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramtarwa yanki | {{flag|Honduras}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a ''Bay Islands Department]''. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://hondurastravel.com/news/lifestyle/roatan-bans-plastic-bags-and-straws/|title=Roatan Bans Plastic Bags and Straws!|work=Honduras Travel|date=24 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Hungary}} | Gabashin Turai | Since 2012. | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Iceland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2021. | <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2021/01/05/plastic_shopping_bags_banned_in_iceland/|title=Plastic Shopping Bags Banned in Iceland|magazine=Iceland Monitor|access-date=9 February 2021|date=5 Jan 2021}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|India}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2002. Haka kuma an dakatar da shi a matakan yanki saboda rashin aiwatar da doka. | <ref name="worldbag reduction" /><ref name="auto53">{{cite encyclopedia|title=plastic pollution: cow eating a plastic bag, near the Ganges River, Allahabad, India, 2007|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/136513/A-cow-eating-a-plastic-bag-discarded-by-Hindu-devotees|encyclopedia=Britannica|access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Hani da cajin yanki | {{flag|Indonesia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Charges in 23 cities. An haramta a [[Bali]] tun 2019 da [[Jakarta]] tun Yuli 2020. | <ref name="auto57">{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesia-launches/2534464.html|title=Indonesia launches campaign to reduce use of plastic bags|date=21 February 2016|author=Sujadi Siswo|access-date=26 February 2016|archive-date=22 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222234235/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesia-launches/2534464.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/189436/indonesia-plastic-bag-ban-in-bali-to-go-into-effect-june-2019|title=Indonesia: Plastic bag ban in Bali to go into effect June 2019|website=GardaWorld|access-date=10 June 2019|archive-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510153905/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/189436/indonesia-plastic-bag-ban-in-bali-to-go-into-effect-june-2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/01/07/jakarta-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-by-june.html|title=Jakarta to ban single-use plastic bags by June|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/videos/2020/7/1/indonesia-jakarta-bans-single-use-plastic-bags|title=Indonesia: Jakarta bans single-use plastic bags|first=Jessica|last=Washington|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Ireland}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun daga Maris 2002, an ƙara harajin Yuro 0.15 a cikin duk jakunkunan filastik. Tun bayan da aka kara wadannan tuhume-tuhumen, an samu raguwar amfani da buhunan robobi da kashi 90%. | <ref name="auto54">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17027990|title=What should be done about plastic bags?|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=6 October 2015|date=2012-03-19|last1=Summers|first1=Chris}}</ref><ref name="Ireland">{{cite journal |last1=Convery |first1=Frank |last2=McDonnell |first2=Simon |last3=Ferreira |first3=Susana |title=The most popular tax in Europe? Lessons from the Irish plastic bags levy |journal=Environmental and Resource Economics |date=26 July 2007 |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1007/s10640-006-9059-2 |s2cid=155059787 }}</ref> |- | |{{Flag|Isle of Man}} |N/A | |<ref>{{cite web |date=24 July 2019 |title=Manx government proposes ban on single-use plastics |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-49103294 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-63329873|date=October 20, 2022|title=Plastic bags and straws to be banned on the Isle of Man in 2023|publisher=[[BBC News]]|access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Israel}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Janairu 2017. | <ref name="auto58">Udasin, Sharon: [http://www.jpost.com/Enviro-Tech/Knesset-bills-seeks-to-alleviate-scourge-of-plastic-shopping-bags-in-Israel-340958 "Knesset bills seeks to alleviate scourge of plastic shopping bags in Israel "], in ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', 10 February 2014</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Italy}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Janairu 2011. | <ref name="auto55">{{cite web| url=http://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/01/06/italy-carries-out-plastic-bag-ban| title=Italy Carries Out Plastic Bag Ban| date=6 January 2011| publisher=Environmental Leader| access-date=3 July 2012| archive-date=10 May 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510153905/http://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/01/06/italy-carries-out-plastic-bag-ban| url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Ivory Coast}} | Afrika | Tun 2014. | <ref name="auto56">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-30198313|title=Plastic bag protest in Ivory Coast|date=25 November 2014|access-date=23 March 2018 |newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Jamaica}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Janairu 2019. | <ref name="auto61">{{cite web|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Gov%26%238217;t_ban_on_single_use_plastic_bags,_straws,_Styrofoam_starts_January|work=Jamaica Observer|date=17 September 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|title=Gov't ban on single use plastic bags, straws, Styrofoam starts January}}</ref><ref name="Clayton et al 2020" /> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Japan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Juli 2020. | <ref name="auto62">{{Cite web|url=http://news_id035126.html/|title=Current Status of Plastic Bag Reduction Efforts in Japan｜JFS Japan for Sustainability|website=JFS Japan for Sustainability}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://japantoday.com/category/national/not-so-fantastic-can-japan-end-its-love-affair-with-plastic|title=Can Japan end its love affair with plastic?|work=Japan Today|date=25 March 2019|access-date=26 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-11-japan-retailers-plastic-bags.html|work=Phys|title=Japan retailers to charge for plastic bags from 2020|date=1 November 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta |{{Flag|Jersey}} | |An haramta tun Yuli 2022. Jakunkuna da za a sake amfani da su dangane da cajin 70p. |<ref>{{cite web |title=Single use plastic and paper bag guidance |url=https://www.gov.je/Industry/RetailHospitality/Shops/Pages/singleuseplastics.aspx |accessdate=27 December 2022 |work=Jersey Government}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-21 |title=Single-use plastic carrier bag ban in Jersey begins |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-jersey-62238573 |access-date=2023-01-23}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Ana la'akari da Ban. | <ref name="auto63">{{cite web|url=https://news.tj/en/news/centralasia/20171226/kazakhstan-authorities-decide-to-abolish-plastic-shopping-bags|title=Kazakhstan authorities decide to abolish plastic shopping bags|publisher=Tajikistan News Asia-Plus|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-date=1 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101131748/http://www.news.tj/en/news/centralasia/20171226/kazakhstan-authorities-decide-to-abolish-plastic-shopping-bags|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Kenya}} | Afrika | Tun 28 ga Ogusta 2017. | <ref name="auto59">{{cite news |last1=Freytas-Tamura |first1=Kimiko de |title=In Kenya, Selling or Importing Plastic Bags Will Cost You $19,000 — or Jail (Published 2017) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/28/world/africa/kenya-plastic-bags-ban.html |work=The New York Times |date=28 August 2017 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Kiribati}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Oktoba 2020. | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://g20mpl.org/partners/kiribati|title=Policy framework: Kiribati Integrated Environment Policy|work=Osaka Blue Ocean Vision|date=27 August 2021|access-date=10 November 2021}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | Asiya-Facifik | Ana la'akari da Ban. | <ref name="auto64">{{cite web|url=https://24.kg/english/75474__Kyrgyzstan_intends_to_prohibit_use_of_plastic_bags/|title=Kyrgyzstan intends to prohibit use of plastic bags|first=Anastasia|last=BENGARD|date=8 February 2018|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Latvia}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun daga Janairu 2019. Ban da za a aiwatar da shi nan da 2025. | <ref name="auto60">{{cite web|url=http://bnn-news.com/stores-in-latvia-will-no-longer-provide-plastic-bags-free-of-charge-178081|title=Stores in Latvia will no longer provide plastic bags free of charge|date=11 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/environment/how-latvian-stores-prepare-for-future-ban-on-free-plastic-bags.a471497/|date=August 30, 2022|title=How Latvian stores prepare for future ban on free plastic bags|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting of Latvia|LSM]]|access-date=8 March 2023}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramtar yanki | {{flag|Lebanon}} | Asiya-Facifik | An haramta a Byblos. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/in-depth/features/lebanese-mayor-bans-plastic-bags-we-need-to-start-somewhere-254361913|title=Lebanese mayor bans plastic bags: 'We need to start somewhere'|website=Middle East Eye|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Lesotho}} | Afrika | An shirya caji. | <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsdayonline.co.ls/government-imposes-plastic-bag-levy/ |title=Government imposes plastic bag levy |website=News Day |date=13 December 2022 |accessdate=12 January 2023 |archive-date=12 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112223945/https://www.newsdayonline.co.ls/government-imposes-plastic-bag-levy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Lithuania}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 31 Disamba 2018. | |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Luxembourg}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Madagascar}} | Afrika | Tun 2015. | <ref name="auto65">{{cite web|url=https://en.indian-ocean-times.com/Madagascar-Prohibition-of-the-use-of-plastic-bags-as-from-May-1-2015_a4602.html|title=Madagascar: Prohibition of the use of plastic bags as from May 1 2015|first=Antso|last=Rajaona|access-date=2023-05-07|archive-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806053447/https://en.indian-ocean-times.com/Madagascar-Prohibition-of-the-use-of-plastic-bags-as-from-May-1-2015_a4602.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Malawi}} | Afrika | An soke haramcin sau da yawa. | |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Cajin yanki | {{flag|Malaysia}} | Asia-Pacific | An caja a jahohi biyu | <ref name="auto67">{{cite web| url=http://www.penang.gov.my/index.php/ms/pusat-media/koleksi-ucapan-yab-km/638-launching-of-no-free-plastic-bags-day-at-tesco-sg-dua| title=Launching of No Free Plastic Bags Day at Tesco Sg Dua| date=24 January 2011| publisher=Penang Government| access-date=2 July 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="auto68">{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/1/3/nation/20100103204118&sec=nation|title=Selangor implements 'No Plastic Day' every Saturday|date=3 January 2010|author=Shaun Ho|work=The Star|access-date=2 July 2012}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Maldives}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Yuni 2021. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://raajje.mv/92939|title=Maldives banning plastic bags, straws and other single-use items from June 2021|date=31 December 2020|website=raajje.mv|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mali}} | Afrika | | <ref name="auto69">{{cite news|url=http://www.france24.com/en/20130103-2013-plastic-bag-ban-mauritania-mali|title=Could 2013 spell the end for plastic bags? |work=France 24|date=3 January 2013 |access-date=27 November 2017}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Malta}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2022. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/news/single-use-plastics-will-be-banned-in-malta-by-2022/|title=Single-Use Plastics Will Be Banned In Malta By 2022|work=Lovin Malta|date=14 October 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Marshall Islands}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref name="RadioNZ">{{cite web|url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/336271/more-pacific-islands-step-up-battle-against-plastic|title=More Pacific islands step up battle against plastic|date=1 August 2017|website=Radio New Zealand|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mauritania}} | Afrika | Tun 2013. | <ref name="auto70">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20891539|title=Mauritania bans plastic bag use|date=3 January 2013 |access-date=3 July 2012|newspaper=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mauritius}} | Afrika | Tun 2016. | <ref>{{cite web |title=Mauritius bans the use of plastic bags |url=http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Mauritius-bans-the-use-of-plastic-bags.aspx |website=Government of Mauritius |access-date=2019-01-05 |date=4 January 2016 |archive-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511083659/http://www.govmu.org/English/News/Pages/Mauritius-bans-the-use-of-plastic-bags.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Mexico}} | Latin Amerika | An haramta a jihohi 18 da Mexico City. | <ref name="Mexico">{{Cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/estos-son-los-estados-del-pais-que-prohiben-el-uso-de-plasticos/1356289|title=Estos son los estados del país que prohíben el uso de plásticos|date=4 January 2020|website=Excélsior}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-28 |title=State of Chihuahua to ban plastic bags next month |url=https://www.ktsm.com/news/juarez/state-of-chihuahua-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-month/ |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=KTSM 9 News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824200910/https://www.ktsm.com/news/juarez/state-of-chihuahua-to-ban-plastic-bags-next-month/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jalisco plastic bag ban fines put on ice for next 12 months |url=https://theguadalajarareporter.net/index.php/news/news/regional/54588-jalisco-plastic-bag-ban-fines-put-on-ice-for-next-12-months |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=theguadalajarareporter.net}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Micronesia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 31 Disamba 2020. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sprep.org/news/pacific-islands-moving-towards-banning-single-use-plastic|title=Pacific Islands Moving Towards Banning Single Use Plastic|work=SPREP|date=29 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kirmakosrae.wordpress.com/education-unit/|title=Plastic Bag Ban coming April 2019 for Kosrae State|date=4 December 2018|work=Kirma Kosrae}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/523ce201e4b0cd883dbb8bbf/t/5b5e38e02b6a28400343a7e8/1532901604439/ChuukSB14-34.pdf|work=Chuuk State Senate|title=Chuuk State Clean Environment Act of 2018|date=April 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Republic of Moldova}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2021. | <ref name="dulgher">{{cite web|url=https://www.moldova.org/en/plastic-bags-use-and-selling-will-be-penalised-in-moldova/|title=Plastic bags use and selling will be penalised in Moldova|first=Maria|last=Dulgher|website=moldova.org|access-date=4 April 2021|date=13 February 2020}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Monaco}} | Gabashin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016. | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monacolife.net/plastic-bag-restrictions-continue-in-monaco/|title=Plastic bag restrictions continue in Monaco|author=Staff Writer|date=8 January 2017|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Mongolia}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun Maris 2019. | <ref name="auto74">{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/20/c_137267997.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620100433/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-06/20/c_137267997.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2018|title=Mongolia decides to ban single-use plastic bags |work=Xinhua News Agency|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> |- | | {{flag|Montenegro}} | Gabashin Turai | | <ref name="auto75">{{cite web|url=https://www.total-montenegro-news.com/lifestyle/2805-plastic-bags-banning-montenegro|title=Plastic Bag Ban to be Introduced in Montenegro|website=Total Montenegro News |access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |Ban | {{flag|Morocco}} | Afrika | Tun Yuli 2016. | <ref name="auto76">{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/07/01/morocco-enforcing-nationwide-ban-on-plastic-bags/|title=Morocco enforcing nationwide ban on plastic bags|date=1 July 2016 | publisher=Africanews|access-date=4 July 2016}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Mozambique}} | Afrika | Tun daga 5 ga Fabrairu 2016. Ban da za a aiwatar da shi ta 2024. | <ref name="auto77">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601290496.html|title=Mozambique: Restrictions On Plastic Bags Take Effect On 5 February|date=29 January 2016|website=AllAfrica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/mozambique-plastic-bags-to-be-banned-by-2024/ |date=June 16, 2022 |title=MOZAMBIQUE: Plastic bags to be banned by 2024 |publisher=[[Afrik21]] |access-date=8 March 2023 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308192020/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/mozambique-plastic-bags-to-be-banned-by-2024/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Myanmar}} | Asiya-Facifik | An haramta a Yangon. | <ref name="mmtimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/2950-plastic-bags-get-the-toss-from-yangon.html |title=Plastic bags get the toss from Yangon |work=The Myanmar Times |date=2 May 2011 |access-date=26 December 2018 |author1=Aye Sapay Phyu |author2=Juliet Shwe Gaung |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232548/https://www.mmtimes.com/national-news/2950-plastic-bags-get-the-toss-from-yangon.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |An haramta a yanki | {{flag|Namibia}} | Afrika | An haramta shi a wurare masu kariya. 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An dakatar da shi a Aruba, Sint Maarten da Caribbean Netherlands. | <ref name="auto81">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/afval/inhoud/verbod-op-gratis-plastic-tassen|title=Verbod op gratis plastic tassen – Afval – Rijksoverheid.nl|last=Milieu|first=Ministerie van Infrastructuur en|website=rijksoverheid.nl|language=nl-NL|access-date=2016-03-30|date=2015-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caribjournal.com/2016/08/08/aruba-just-banned-plastic-bags/|title=Why Aruba Just Banned Plastic Bags|date=9 August 2016|website=Caribbean Journal|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobonaire.com/single-use-plastics-banned-by-bonaire/|title=Single-Use Plastics Banned by Bonaire|first=Susan Davis for The Bonaire|last=Insider|date=18 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/plastic-carrier-bags-prohibited-in-saba-per-january-1/|title=Plastic carrier bags prohibited in Saba per January 1|website=www.curacaochronicle.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxmstrong.com/sint-maartens-move-to-prohibit-single-use-plastics-focuses-on-natural-processes-emerging-green-technologies-innovative-thinking/|title=Sint Maarten's Move To Prohibit Single-Use Plastics 'Focuses On Natural Processes, Emerging Green Technologies, Innovative Thinking'|date=27 April 2021|access-date=7 May 2023|archive-date=11 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511083654/https://www.sxmstrong.com/sint-maartens-move-to-prohibit-single-use-plastics-focuses-on-natural-processes-emerging-green-technologies-innovative-thinking/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|New Zealand}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun Yuli 2019. 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An haramta a Cook Islands. | <ref name="auto80">{{cite news|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/12/single-use-plastic-bags-banned-from-july-1-government-confirms.html|title=Single-use plastic bags banned from July 1, Government confirms|date=2018-12-18|work=Newshub|access-date=2018-12-20|archive-date=2023-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421043804/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/12/single-use-plastic-bags-banned-from-july-1-government-confirms.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/361574/niue-joins-growing-pacific-movement-to-ban-plastics|title=Niue joins growing Pacific movement to ban plastics|date=11 July 2018|website=Radio New Zealand|access-date=27 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://embed.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/391746/cook-islands-moves-to-ban-single-use-plastic|title=Cook Islands moves to ban single-use plastic|date=11 June 2019|work=Radio NZ}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Niger}} | Afrika | | <ref name="auto82">{{cite web|url=http://www.panapress.com/Niger--Govt.-bans-production,-import,-trade,-use-of-plastic-bags--12-630408542-40-lang2-index.html|title=Niger: Govt. bans production, import, trade, use of plastic bags|website=panapress.com|access-date=28 November 2017}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Nigeria}} | Afrika | | <ref name="Nigeria">{{cite news |last1=Opara |first1=George |title=Reps pass bill banning plastic bags, prescribe fines against offenders |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/05/21/reps-pass-bill-banning-plastic-bags-prescribe-fines-offenders/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |agency=Daily Post |date=May 21, 2019}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|North Macedonia}} | Yammacin | Tun 2009. | <ref>{{cite news |last1=Saveski|first1=Zdravko|title=Оние незабележливи пластични ќеси |language=mk| 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web|url=https://en.qantara.de/content/in-pakistans-northern-mountains-plastic-bags-face-the-bin|title=In Pakistan's northern mountains, plastic bags face the bin|date=26 June 2019|work=Quantara}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nation.com.pk/30-May-2019/ajk-bans-production-use-of-plastic-shopping-bags|title=AJK bans production, use of plastic shopping bags|date=30 May 2019|work=Nation}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Palau}} | Asiya-Facifik | | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pacificnote.com/single-post/2017/11/09/Palau-Moves-To-Ban-Plastic-Bags|title=Palau Moves To Ban Plastic Bags|work=Pacific Note|date=9 November 2017|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-date=11 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511083658/https://www.pacificnote.com/single-post/2017/11/09/palau-moves-to-ban-plastic-bags|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Panama}} | Latin Amerika | Tun 20 Yuli 2019. | |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} | Asiya-Facifik | Tun 2016. | <ref name="auto87">{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-15/png-prepares-for-ban-on-non-biodegradable-plastic/7031006|title=PNG prepares for ban on non-biodegradable plastic bags|date=2015-12-15|website=ABC News|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref><ref name="auto88">{{Cite web|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/295150/ban-on-plastic-bags-begins-in-png|title=Ban on plastic bags begins in PNG|date=2016-01-28|access-date=2016-07-02}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Peru}} | Latin Amerika | Tun Ogusta 2019. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ley-plasticos-debes-cobro-bolsas-establecimientos-noticia-ecpm-631782|title=Ley de plásticos: todo lo que debes saber sobre el cobro de bolsas en establecimientos|language=es|work=El Comercio|date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto89">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-peru-environment-plastic-idUSKBN1O520V|title=Peru to phase out throw-away plastic bags in three years|date=6 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref> |- | style="background:#820782; color: white;" |Haramcin yanki da caji | {{flag|Philippines}} | Asiya-Facifik | An dakatar da shi a cikin zaɓaɓɓun biranen Metro Manila, ban da Taguig, Malabon, Caloocan, Valenzuela, Navotas, San Juan, San Juan, da Parañaque. | <ref name="auto90">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Weekender&title=to-plastic-or-not-to-plastic-that-is-the-question...&id=47636|title=To plastic or not to plastic, that is the question...|last=Valisno|first=Jeffrey O.|date=March 2, 2012|website=Business World Online|access-date=2019-09-06|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113005844/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Weekender&title=to-plastic-or-not-to-plastic-that-is-the-question...&id=47636|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rappler.com/environment/quezon-city-plastic-bag-fee|title=Quezon City plastic bag fee to go to 'green' projects|website=Rappler|date=14 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/265156/money/economy/industry-expects-50-downsizing-if-manila-bans-plastic-bags/|title=Industry expects 50% downsizing if Manila bans plastic bags|website=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref name="gmanetwork.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/318144/news/specialreports/as-ban-on-plastic-bags-spreads-valenzuela-stubbornly-says-no/|title=As ban on plastic bags spreads, Valenzuela stubbornly says 'no'|website=GMA News Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/606728/why-malabon-continues-to-delay-plastic-ban|title=Why Malabon continues to delay plastic ban|first=Nathaniel R.|last=Melican|date=30 May 2014|website=INQUIRER.net}}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Poland}} | Gabashin Turai | Tun 2018. | <ref name="auto91">{{cite web |title=Koniec z darmowymi reklamówkami. Jakie są ceny foliówek w supermarketach? |url=https://www.wprost.pl/gospodarka/10095657/koniec-z-darmowymi-reklamowkami-jakie-sa-ceny-foliowek-w-supermarketach.html |publisher=[[Wprost]] |access-date=28 September 2018|date=2018-01-02 }}</ref> |- | style="background:#d4af13;" |Caji | {{flag|Portugal}} | Yammacin Turai da sauran | Tun 2016. | <ref name="auto92">{{cite web|url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/plastic-bag-use-plummets-a-year-after-tax-introduction/37473|title=Plastic bag use plummets a year after tax introduction|access-date=27 November 2017|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426052944/https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/plastic-bag-use-plummets-a-year-after-tax-introduction/37473|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Romania}} | Gabashin Turai | Since 2019. | |- | | {{flag|Russian}} | Gabashin Turai | Ana shirin za'a haramta a 2024. | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/02/russia-to-fully-ban-single-use-plastic-products-by-2024-minister-a74960 |title=Russia Moves to Phase Out Plastic Bags in New Draft Law|website=The Moscow Times|date=2 September 2021 | first= Maxim | last=Korotchenko }}</ref> |- | style="background:#48ab06;" |An haramta | {{flag|Rwanda}} | Afrika | Tun 2008. | <ref name="Rwanda">{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/feb/15/rwanda-banned-plastic-bags-so-can-we | title=Think you can't live without plastic bags? Consider this: Rwanda did it | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | date=15 February 2014 | access-date=14 September 2015 | author=Clavel, Émilie}}</ref> |} === Afirka === [[File:Niger,_Karey_Gorou,_(7)_waste_disposal.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Sharar filastik a Karey Gorou, Nijar]] [[Kenya]] ta yi ƙoƙari na farko don hana masana'antu da shigo da jakar filastik a cikin 2007 da 2011 a matsayin hanyar kare muhalli. haramcin 2007 da 2011 da aka yi niyya da filastik a ƙasa da microns 30 ya gaza bayan masana'antun da shagunan sayar da kayayyaki sun yi barazanar ba da kuɗin amfani da wasu kayan ga masu amfani. A cikin 2017 sakataren majalisa na Muhalli da albarkatun kasa, Farfesa Judy Wakhungu ya haramta amfani, ƙerawa da shigo da duk jakar filastik da aka yi amfani da su don kunshin kasuwanci da na gida a ƙarƙashin lambar sanarwar Gazette 2356. A ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Kenya ta fara aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar na jakunkunan filastik guda daya. An cire jakunkuna na farko, jakunkuna masu sharar gida, da kayan kwalliya daga haramcin. An yaba da haramcin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsauri a duniya, tare da tarar har zuwa $ 40000, ko shekaru huɗu a kurkuku. Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta a cikin 2019, a lokacin [[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya]], ya kara karfafa kokarin Kenya na yaki da gurɓata filastik da kuma ci gaba da kula da sharar gida ta hanyar haramta filastik mai amfani guda ɗaya a wuraren da aka kiyaye. Harin, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2020, ya haramta amfani da filastik a wuraren shakatawa na kasa, rairayin bakin teku, gandun daji da wuraren kiyayewa. ==== Najeriya ==== A watan Mayu 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta [[Najeriya]] ta haramta samarwa, shigowa da amfani da jaka na filastik a kasar. ==== Rwanda ==== haramcin jakar filastik na [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ya fara aiki a cikin 2008. Gwamnatin Rwanda ta karfafa wasu kasashe a yankinsu da su haramta jakar filastik, tun daga shekarar 2011. ==== Somaliya ==== An dakatar da jakunkunan filastik a Jamhuriyar Somaliland da ta ayyana kanta a ranar 1 ga Maris 2005 bayan lokacin alheri na kwanaki 120 wanda gwamnati ta bai wa jama'a don kawar da kayansu. Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta sanar da shawarar majalisar a cikin wata doka mai taken: "Harka shigo da kaya, samarwa da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin kasar". An yi wa jaka lakabi da "furewar Hargeysa", saboda da yawa daga cikinsu sun ƙare da hurawa kuma sun makale a cikin bishiyoyi da shrubs, suna haifar da haɗari ga dabbobi saboda dabbobin da ke cin ganyayyaki galibi suna cinye jaka ba zato ba tsammani. A cikin 2015 an sake maimaita haramcin ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. #JSL / M / XERM/249-3178/042015, sake samar da kwanaki 120 na alheri don kawar da hannun jari. Don tabbatar da aiwatar da haramcin, gwamnati ta kafa ƙungiyoyin tilasta aiki a cikin 2016 don gudanar da tafiye-tafiye na musamman waɗanda ke ƙaddamar da bincike a cikin ɗakunan kasuwanci. Akalla maza da mata 1000 a cikin tufafi da aka tura cikin manyan kasuwanni da manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Gwamnati ta sanar da tarar masu keta doka da ke ci gaba da sayar da jakunkunan filastik a kasar. ==== Afirka ta Kudu ==== Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar damuwa a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] kafin a gabatar da harajin jaka a shekara ta 2004. Ba a taɓa dakatar da jaka ba, amma an gabatar da haraji, wanda mai yin jakar filastik zai biya. Ana karɓar jakunkunan filastik masu kauri kuma kodayake wannan matakin da farko ya haifar da fushi tare da masu amfani da raguwa na farko a cikin ƙididdiga, amfani da masu amfani ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa zuwa jakunkunan sayen filastik biliyan da yawa a kowace shekara. ==== Tanzania ==== Gwamnatin Juyin Juya Halin [[Zanzibar]] ta haramta jakar filastik a shekarar 2005. [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen aiwatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a duk fadin kasar a cikin shekara ta 2006. Koyaya, an jinkirta tabbatar da shi fiye da shekaru goma. A ƙarshe haramcin ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2019. ==== Tunisiya ==== [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] ta gabatar da haramtacciyar rarraba jakar filastik a cikin manyan kantuna tun daga 1 ga Maris 2017. An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tsakanin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli da manyan sarkar manyan kantuna a kasar don aiwatar da matakin farko na tsari da nufin rage amfani da jaka na filastik. 'Yan gwagwarmayar Tunisia suna shirin kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a don kafa manufofi masu kyau a kasar. ==== Uganda ==== [[File:Trash_in_kampala.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Tarin shara ciki har da jakar filastik a Kampala, Uganda]] [[Uganda]] ta gabatar da doka a cikin 2007 don hana sayar da jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi a ƙarƙashin 30 μm kauri da jakunkuna masu kauri a cikin kashi 120%. Kodayake dokokin sun fara aiki a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, ba a aiwatar da su ba kuma sun kasa rage yawan amfani da jakunkunan filastik. Ba a aiwatar da doka sosai ba. === Asiya === ==== Bangladesh ==== An gabatar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya a Bangladesh a shekara ta 2002 bayan ambaliyar ruwa da aka haifar da jakunkunan filastik da aka zubar da su ta mamaye kashi biyu bisa uku na kasar cikin ruwa tsakanin 1988 da 1998. Takalma na filastik sun kasance babbar matsala ga tsarin sharar gida da hanyoyin ruwa. ==== Cambodia ==== Kambodiya ta zartar da doka don sanya harajin jakar filastik a watan Oktoba 2017. Supermarkets yanzu cajin abokan ciniki 400 Riels (10 US cents) ga kowane jakar filastik idan suna buƙatar ɗaya. ==== China ==== An gabatar da haramtacciyar jakar filastik a kan jakar filalastik mai laushi da kuma kuɗin a kan jakunkunan filastik da aka gabatar a kasar Sin a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2008. Wannan ya fara aiki ne saboda matsalolin da ke tattare da magudanar ruwa da sharar gida. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 ya nuna cewa amfani da jakar filastik ya fadi tsakanin 60 zuwa 80% a cikin manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki na kasar Sin, kuma an yi amfani da jakunkuna biliyan 40. Koyaya, asusun farko sun nuna a sarari, haramcin ya ga iyakantaccen nasara, kuma cewa amfani da jaka na filastik ya kasance mai yawa. Masu sayar da tituna da ƙananan shagunan, waɗanda suka zama babban ɓangare na tallace-tallace a China, ba sa bin manufofin a wani ɓangare saboda matsalolin aiwatar da haramcin. Kalmar "farar fata gurɓata" (Sinanci: 白色污染; pinyin: baise wuran, ba sau da yawa " shara" Sinanci:白色垃垃垃圾; ) ya zama na gida ga China kuma daga baya zuwa Kudancin Asiya, yana jin daɗin amfani da karami a waje da yankin. Yana nufin launi na fararen jaka na sayen filastik, kwantena na styrofoam, da sauran kayan haske waɗanda suka fara juyawa a cikin girma a cikin filayen noma, wuri mai faɗi, da hanyoyin ruwa a tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen 1990s. Magana ta farko game da kalmar "farar gurɓata" ta bayyana a cikin harshen hukuma aƙalla tun farkon 1999, lokacin da Majalisar Jiha ta sanya haramtacciyar farko. ===== Hong Kong ===== [[Hong Kong]] ta haramta masu siyarwa daga ba da jakunkunan filastik a ƙarƙashin wani kauri kuma kyauta. An aiwatar da harajin jakar filastik na 50 cent a ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2015 a fadin Hong Kong. Amfani da jaka na filastik ya ragu da kashi 90% bayan gabatar da harajin. Alamomi sun nuna cewa Hong Kong tana kawar da amfani da jaka na filastik a cikin babban farashi. [[File:Malpublicinfoboard.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Alamar da ke shelar cewa jakar polythene ta fi 30 μm an haramta a Kasaragod, [[Kerala]], Indiya.]] ==== Indiya ==== A shekara ta 2002, Indiya ta haramta samar da jakunkunan filastik a ƙasa da 20 μm a kauri don hana jakunkunan roba daga toshe tsarin magudanar ruwa na birni da kuma hana shanu na [[Indiya]] cin jakunkunan Filastik yayin da suke rikitar da shi don abinci. Koyaya, tilasta aiki ya kasance matsala. Ma'aikatar Muhalli, dazuzzuka da Canjin Yanayi ta kuma zartar da ka'idoji don hana duk jakar polythene kasa da microns 50 a ranar 18 ga Maris 2016. Saboda rashin aiwatar da wannan ka'idar, hukumomin yanki (jihohi da kamfanonin birni), dole ne su aiwatar da nasu ka'idojin. A cikin 2016, Sikkim, jihar farko ta Indiya, ta haramta amfani da ba kawai kwalabe na ruwan sha ba a kowane taron gwamnati ko ayyuka har ma da kwantena na abinci da aka yi daga kumfa na polystyrene a duk fadin jihar. Himachal Pradesh ita ce jiha ta farko da ta haramta jakar filastik kasa da 30 μm. Jihar Karnataka ta zama jiha ta farko da ta haramta duk nau'ikan jakar filastik, banners na filastik، buntings na filastic, flex, filastik flags, filastic plates, filastics cups, filakstik spoons, cling films da filastik sheets don yadawa a kan cin abinci teburin ciki har da abubuwan da ke sama da aka yi da thermacol da filastic micro beads wanda ke amfani da filastika. Jihar Goa ta haramta jaka har zuwa 40 μm kauri, yayin da birnin [[Mumbai]] ya haramta jaka a ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin kauri zuwa 50 μm. Gwamnatin jihar [[Maharashtra]] ta haramta filastik daga ranar 23 ga Yuni 2018. Gwamnatin jihar [[Tamil Nadu]] ta kuma haramta filastik daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 2019. ==== Indonesia ==== Daga 2016, Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta tilasta wa 'yan kasuwa a cikin birane 23 a fadin tsibirin (mini-markets, hypermarkets, da supermarkets) su cajin masu amfani tsakanin Rp.200 da Rp.5,000 ga kowane jakar filastik, gami da jakar filalastik mai lalacewa. Ana amfani da kuɗin da harajin ya tara a matsayin kudaden jama'a don kula da sharar gida tare da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Tsibirin Bali ya haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya, straws, da styrofoam, daga watan Yulin 2019. Sauran manyan birane, ciki har da [[Jakarta]], [[Surabaya]], [[Bandung]], Semarang da Bogor, tun daga lokacin sun haramta jakar filastik guda ɗaya. ==== Isra'ila ==== Tun daga watan Janairun 2017, ana buƙatar manyan 'yan kasuwa su cajin masu amfani don jakunkunan filastik tare da hannayensu, a NIS 0.10 don kowane jaka. Za a yi amfani da kudaden shiga na haraji don tallafawa shirye-shiryen kula da sharar gida na jama'a. Matsakaicin amfani da jaka na filastik a Isra'ila a cikin 2014 ya kasance 275 ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara. Watanni huɗu bayan dokar ta fara aiki, yawan jakunkunan filastik da aka rarraba ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa masu bin doka sun ragu da kashi 80%. ==== Philippines ==== Philippines ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya a duniya a gurɓata teku duk da aikin kula da sharar gida wanda ya fara aiki shekaru 18 da suka gabata. Kokarin sarrafa filastik ya sami cikas saboda cin hanci da rashawa, rashin son siyasa, da yaduwa da kuma samun dama ga samfuran filastik masu amfani guda ɗaya. A shekara ta 2010, Muntinlupa ta zama karamar hukuma ta farko a Babban Birnin Kasa don hana jakar filastik da styrofoam a cikin shaguna. Wannan ya biyo bayan matakan a cikin biranen Las Piñas (2 Janairu 2012), Pasig (1 Janairu 2012). Quezon City (1 Satumba 2012, jaka don kuɗi), Pasay (1 Satumba, 2012, jaka don kuɗin), da Makati (30 Yuni, 2013). Biranen Metro Manila waɗanda suka jinkirta ɗora ka'idoji da haramtacciyar doka sun haɗa da Taguig, Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela, Navotas, San Juan da Parañaque, waɗanda ke da ɗaruruwan filastik da kamfanonin masana'antun roba. A cikin birni ɗaya, dangin magajin gari suna da fili na hekta 60 na "Plastic City Industrial". A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 2019, Sanata Francis Pangilinan ya gabatar da lissafin da ke neman fitar da kayayyakin filastik guda daya ta hanyar hana shigo da kayayyaki, masana'antu da amfani a wuraren abinci, shagunan, kasuwanni, da 'yan kasuwa. ==== Singapore ==== Za a buƙaci manyan kantuna a [[Singafora|Singapore]] su caji aƙalla 5 cents a kowace jaka a cikin harajin jakar mai ɗaukar kaya daga tsakiyar 2023. ==== Taiwan ==== A watan Janairun shekara ta 2003, [[Taiwan]] ta haramta rarraba jakunkunan filastik masu sauƙi kyauta. Hanawar ta hana masu mallakar shagunan sashen, manyan kantuna, manyan kantin sayar da kayayyaki, shagunan kayan masarufi, gidajen cin abinci mai sauri da gidajen cin abincin yau da kullun daga samar da jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga abokan cinikin su. Yawancin shagunan sun maye gurbin filastik tare da akwatunan takarda da aka sake amfani da su. A shekara ta 2006, duk da haka, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar fara ba da izinin jakunkunan filastik kyauta ga masu ba da sabis na abinci. A watan Fabrairun 2018, Taiwan ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen hana jakunkunan filastik a digiri daban-daban, an haramta don amfani da su a cikin shagon ta 2019, wasu shagunan da aka haramta daga bayar da jakunkuna ta 2020, farashin ya karu tun daga 2025, sannan kuma 2030 haramtacciyar bargo na jakunkunan roba guda ɗaya, da kayan aiki guda ɗaya da kwantena. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 49id6ycozwopsm3uwam0ao64ciddbem Gurbacewar iska ta gida 0 48529 891564 733913 2026-08-05T04:15:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Share_of_deaths_from_indoor_air_pollution,_OWID.svg|thumb|300x300px| Rabon mace-mace ta ƙasa daga gurɓacewar iska a cikin gida a cikin 2017.]] [[Fayil:Household air pollution deaths by region, OWID.svg|thumb]] '''Gurbacewar iska na gida''' (Household pollution '''HAP''') wani nau'i ne mai mahimmanci na gurɓataccen iska a cikin gida galibi dangane da dafa abinci da hanyoyin gumama da ake amfani da su a ƙasashe masu tasowa .<ref name="WHO2018">{{cite web |title=Household air pollution and health |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health |website=who.int |access-date=16 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Tun da yawancin abincin da ake yin shi da man fetur na biomass, a cikin nau'i na [[Katako|itace]], gawayi, taki, da sauran amfanin gona, a cikin gida da wanda ba shi da isasshen iska, miliyoyin mutane, da farko mata da yara suna fuskantar mummunar haɗari na kiwon lafiya. Gabaɗaya, kimanin mutane biliyan uku a ƙasashe masu tasowa ne wannan matsala ta shafa. [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta kiyasta cewa gurbatar yanayi da ke da nasaba da dafa abinci na janyo mutuwar mutane miliyan 3.8, a duk shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2018 |title=Household air pollution and health: fact sheet |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health |access-date=2020-11-21 |website=WHO |language=en}}</ref> Binciken Duniya na Burden Cututtuka ya kiyasta adadin wadanda suka mutu a cikin 2017, a miliyan 1.6. Matsalar tana da alaƙa ta kut [[Makamashi Talauci da Girki|da kut da Makamancin talauci da dafa abinci]]. Hayaki daga gidan gargajiya m konewar man fetur yawanci ya ƙunshi kewayon rashin cika [[Fitar gurbataccen hayakin gas|kayayyakin konewa]], ciki har da duka lafiya da m particulate kwayoyin halitta (misali PM 2.5, PM 10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO). 2), da nau'ikan gurbatacciyar iska.<ref>https://ourworldindata.org/indoor-air-pollution#indoor-air-pollution-is-one-of-the-leading-risk-factors-for-premature-death</ref> Abubuwan da suka dogara da fasaha na wannan matsala sun fi mayar da hankali kan samar da <[[Makamashi Talauci da Girki|ingantattun tantunan dafa abinci]] duk da cewa canje-canjen hali na iya zama mahimmanci. == Bayanin matsala da sikelin. == [[File:Cooking Stoves, Tigray (14425218394).jpg|thumb|Wuraren ƙone itace na gargajiya, yana haifar da gurɓataccen iska a gida]] Mutane biliyan uku a kasashe masu tasowa sun dogara ne da man da ake amfani da shi na halitta, a matsayio|ita], gawayi, taki, da sauran amfanin gona, a matsayin girkinsu na gida da kuma dumama man fetur. Tun da yawancin girkin ana yin su ne a cikin gida a cikin wuraren da ba su da isasshen iska, miliyoyin mutane, da farko mata da yara suna fuskantar haɗarin lafiya. Manyan tushen gurɓacewar gida sun haɗa da konewa da kayan gini. A duniya baki daya, an danganta mutuwar mutane miliyan 4.3, sakamakon kamuwa da cutar IAP a kasashe masu tasowa a shekarar 2012, kusan duka a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin kudin shiga. Yankunan Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da Yammacin Pasifik suna ɗaukar mafi yawan nauyi tare da mutuwar mutane 1.69, da miliyan 1.62, bi da bi. Kusan mutuwar 600,000, na faruwa a Afirka, 200,000, a yankin Gabashin Bahar Rum, 99,000 a Turai da 81,000, a Amurka. Ragowar mutuwar 19,000, na faruwa ne a kasashe masu tasowa. Ko da yake yawan dogaro da man fetur na biomass yana raguwa, wannan albarkatun da ke raguwa ba za su ci gaba da haɓakar yawan jama'a ba wanda zai iya jefa muhalli cikin haɗari mafi girma. A cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, an yi nazari da yawa da ke bincikar gurɓacewar iska ta hanyar konewar mai na gida na gargajiya don dumama sararin samaniya, haske, da dafa abinci a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Yanzu an tabbatar da cewa, a ko'ina cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, kona cikin gida na iskar gas mai ƙarfi (biomass, coal, da dai sauransu) ta hanyar rashin inganci, sau da yawa rashin isassun iska, na'urorin konewa suna haifar da ɗaukaka ga gurɓataccen iska. Hakan na faruwa ne saboda rashin ingancin konewar na'urorin konewa da kuma yanayin haɓakar hayakin. Bugu da ƙari, sau da yawa ana sakin su kai tsaye zuwa wuraren zama.<ref name="Long et al., 2014">[http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403085138/http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/|date=2015-04-03}}, Long, C., Valberg, P., 2014. Evolution of Cleaner Solid Fuel Combustion, Cornerstone, http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403085138/http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/|date=2015-04-03}}</ref> Hayaki daga gidan gargajiya m konewar man fetur yawanci ya ƙunshi kewayon rashin cika [[Fitar gurbataccen hayakin gas|kayayyakin konewa]] , ciki har da duka lafiya da m particulate kwayoyin halitta (misali ">2,>, P">) ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO). 2), da nau'o'in gurɓataccen iska (misali, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, acetaldehyde, acrolein, phenols, pyrene, benzopyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, dibenzopyrenes, [[Dibenzocarbazole|dibenzocarbazoles]], da croutons). A cikin madaidaicin murhu mai ƙarfi, kusan kashi 6-20% na ƙaƙƙarfan mai ana juyar da shi zuwa hayaƙi mai guba (ta taro). Matsakaicin adadin da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kamar nau'in mai da abun ciki na danshi, nau'in murhu da aiki yana tasiri adadin. A cikin Janairu 2023, an buga hanyoyin inganta gurɓataccen iska a cikin gida lokacin amfani da murhun gas, wanda ke da alaƙa da haɓakar haɗarin [[Cutar Asthma|asma]] da sauran cututtuka masu yuwuwa, an buga su a cikin [[New York Times|The New York Times]] . == Tasirin lafiya. == Yawancin ma'aunai an mayar da hankali ne kan matakan fallasa yanayin yanayin numfashi na ƙwayoyin cuta (PM) da carbon monoxide (CO), waɗanda sune manyan samfuran konewa da ba su cika ba kuma ana ɗaukar su haifar da haɗarin lafiya mafi girma. Na cikin gida PM <sub>2.5</sub> matakan fiddawa an ba da rahoton akai-akai suna cikin kewayon ɗaruruwa zuwa dubban micrograms a kowace mita mai kubu (μg/m <sup>3</sup> ). Hakazalika, an auna matakan bayyanar CO zuwa sama da ɗaruruwa zuwa sama da milligrams 1000, a kowace mita cubic (mg/m <sup>3</sup> ). Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan kan gidaje 163, a cikin kananan hukumomin kasar Sin guda biyu, ya ba da rahoton cewa, jimlar ma'ana na cikin gida PM <sub>2.5</sub> na 276, μg/m <sup>3</sup> (haɗin nau'ikan kayan [[shuka]] daban-daban, gami da itace, mai tushe na sigari, da masara), 327 μg/m <sup>3</sup> (itace), 144 μg/m <sup>3</sup> (kwal mai hayaƙi), da 96 μg/m <sup>3</sup> (kwal ɗin da ba ta da hayaki) don gidaje ta amfani da nau'ikan man fetur daban-daban da daidaitawar murhu (misali, vented, unvented, šaukuwa, ramin wuta, gauraye murhu). <ref>http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403085138/http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/ |date=2015-04-03 }}</ref><ref>http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403085138/http://cornerstonemag.net/evolution-of-cleaner-solid-fuel-combustion/ |date=2015-04-03 }}</ref> Rural [[Kenya]] ya kasance wurin da aka gudanar da ayyukan bincike daban-daban don tantance tsananin hayaƙi da ke faruwa daga amfani da makamashin biomass, musamman itace, taki, da ragowar amfanin gona. [[Hayaƙi|Hayaki]] ya samo asali ne sakamakon rashin cikar konewar mai da mata da yara kan yi wa illa har zuwa sa'o'i bakwai a kowace rana a wuraren da aka rufe.<ref name="PASmoke2">[http://practicalaction.org/?id=smoke_report_2 Smoke's increasing cloud across the globe], ''Practical Action'', accessed 5 May 2007.</ref> Waɗannan hayaki sun bambanta daga rana zuwa rana, yanayi zuwa yanayi kuma tare da canje-canjen adadin iska a cikin mazaunin. Bayyanawa a cikin gidaje marasa galihu ya zarce matakan tsaro da aka yarda da su fiye da sau ɗari. <ref name="PASmoke2" /> Domin yawancin matan Kenya suna amfani da wuta mai dutse uku, mafi munin laifin, kilogiram ɗaya na itace mai ƙonewa yana samar da ƙananan ɓangarorin soot wanda zai iya toshewa da kuma harzuka hanyoyin bututun ƙarfe. Har ila yau, hayakin ya ƙunshi iskar gas iri-iri kamar aldehydes, benzene, da carbon monoxide . Bayyanawa ga IAP daga konewar mai mai ƙarfi an haɗa shi, tare da nau'ikan shaidu daban-daban, a matsayin mai haifar da cututtuka da yawa. Mummunan cututtuka na ƙananan numfashi (ALRI) da kuma [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtukan huhu na yau da kullum]] (COPD) sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka da mutuwa ta hanyar shan taba. [[Cataract|Cataracts]] da [[makanta]], [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|ciwon huhu]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], haihuwar da ba a kai ba da ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa ana kuma zargin IAP ne ya haifar da su.{{excerpt|Energy poverty and cooking#Health impacts}} === Mata da 'yan mata. === Mata da 'yan mata ne ke da alhakin tattara itacen mai don dafa abinci a yawancin gidaje, musamman a yankunan karkara da sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira. Mata da 'yan mata kuma su ne suka fi yawan mace-mace sakamakon gurbacewar iska a gida.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alexander|first1=Donee A.|display-authors=etal|title=Pregnancy Outcomes and Ethanol Cook Stove Intervention: A Randomized-Controlled Trial in Ibadan, Nigeria|journal=Environment International|date=2018|volume=111|pages= 152–163|doi=10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.021|pmid=29216559|doi-access=free}}</ref> An nuna maye gurbin kananzir / itacen wuta na gargajiya da murhu mai tsafta a Najeriya don rage mummunan sakamakon ciki daga HAP.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burning Opportunity: Clean Household Energy for Health, Sustainable Development, and Wellbeing of Women and Children|url=https://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/burning-opportunities/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404041214/http://www.who.int/indoorair/publications/burning-opportunities/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 April 2016|website=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> == Hanyoyi. == [[File:Solar-Panel-Cooker-in-front-of-hut.jpg|thumb| Masu dafa abinci na rana suna amfani da hasken rana azaman tushen kuzari don dafa abinci a waje.]] === Matsalolin farko. === Abin takaici, samun mafita mai araha don magance yawancin tasirin IAP - inganta konewa, rage yawan shan taba, inganta tsaro da rage yawan aiki, rage farashin man fetur, da magance dorewa - yana da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar ci gaba da ci gaba.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R |title=Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being |journal=S.A.P.I.EN.S |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2008 |url=http://sapiens.revues.org/index130.html}}</ref> Ƙoƙarin inganta [[Makamashi Talauci da Girki|murhun girki]] a baya, tun daga shekarun 1950, an yi shi ne da farko don rage [[Gandun daji|sare itatuwa]] ba tare da damuwa da IAP ba, kodayake tasirin waɗannan ƙoƙarin na ceton itacen abu ne mai yuwuwa. Ƙoƙari daban-daban sun sami sakamako iri-iri. Misali, wasu ingantattun ƙirar murhu a Kenya sun rage yawan hayaƙi amma sun haifar da hayaƙin CO <nowiki><sub id="mwpw">2</sub></nowiki> da SO <nowiki><sub id="mwqQ">2</sub></nowiki> mafi girma. Ƙarƙashin cire hayaki yana da wuyar ƙira kuma yana da rauni. === Ingantacciyar nasara. === Abubuwan da aka inganta na yanzu duk da haka, sun haɗa da murfin hayaƙi waɗanda ke aiki daidai da yadda hayaƙi, don fitar da hayaki, amma ana samun su rage matakan IAP yadda ya kamata fiye da gidajen da suka dogara kawai da tagogi don samun iska. Wasu fasalulluka na sabbin murhun wuta sun haɗa da bututun hayaƙi, rufe wuta don riƙe zafi, ƙirar tukunyar tukunya don haɓaka zafi, dampers don sarrafa kwararar iska, abin saka yumbu don rage asarar zafi, da tsarin tukwane da yawa don ba da damar dafa abinci da yawa. jita-jita.<ref name="Cairncross1"> [http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/healthenvirondiseaseguidenote.pdf Health, Environment And The Burden Of Disease: A Guidance Note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625140240/http://www2.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/healthenvirondiseaseguidenote.pdf |date=25 June 2007 }}, Cairncross, S., O'neill, D., McCoy., A., Sethi, D. 2003. DFID. Accessed 10 May 2007.</ref> Yanzu an san tanda a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta hanyoyin don cimma burin haɗin gwiwa na rage nauyin kiwon lafiya na IAP da kuma a wasu yankuna rage matsalolin muhalli daga girbi na halitta.<ref name="Kammen1">[http://rael.berkeley.edu/old-site/Kammen-GatesGrandChal-stoves.doc Healthy Stoves and Fuels for Developing Nations and the Global Environment], Kammen, D. 2003. Accessed 12 May 2007.</ref> An samu wasu nasarori a cikin shigar da abubuwan da suka hada da ingantattun murhun girki, da farko saboda tsarin da ya hada da masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa. Wadannan ayyuka sun gano cewa dole ne a magance muhimman batutuwan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki don tabbatar da nasarar shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani. Yawancin al'amurra masu sarkakiya sun nuna ingantattun murhu ba kayan aikin ceton mai bane kawai. === Zaɓuɓɓukan makamashi masu dorewa. === Babban konewar biomass yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan an aiwatar da shi cikin tsari mai dorewa. Damuwar ita ce mafi mahimmanci don sabunta hanyoyin da za a iya sabunta su da itacen mai idan ana son ci gaba da kasancewa na dogon lokaci. Ƙoƙarin samun mafita mai ɗorewa a Kenya zai iya haɗawa da haɓaka albarkatun makamashi (bishiyoyi da ciyayi) waɗanda kuma za su samar da ƙarin kudin shiga ga manoma. Wannan maganin zai amfanar gonakin noma ko kiwo mai saurin [[Zaizayar Kasa|yashewa]] da ambaliya kamar yadda tushen tsarin da dattin ganye zai inganta kwanciyar hankali. Zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau na sabunta nau'ikan zai kasance mafi ɗorewa saboda kwanciyar ƙasa ba ta rushewa saboda shuka da shuka. Wasu mutane na kallon wannan mafita a matsayin wata hanya ta kara yin amfani da dazuzzuka, amma tare da kula da albarkatun dazuzzuka yadda ya kamata, hakan na iya zama mafita mai inganci.<ref name="VillagePdf">[http://www.ke.undp.org/KenyaEnrgyAtlasFinal-UN.pdf Global Village Energy Partnership, Nairobi, Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613071848/http://www.ke.undp.org/KenyaEnrgyAtlasFinal-UN.pdf|date=13 June 2007}}, UNDP. 2005. Accessed 30 April 2007.</ref> Other sustainable options include liquid and gas fuels that are combusted in high-performing efficient stoves. For instance, [[ethanol fuel|ethanol]] produced from cellulosic/non-food feedstocks (wood, agricultural residue) has lower environmental life cycle impacts compared to ethanol produced from sugar and starch Za a iya tantance fasahar murhu da man girki akan abubuwa biyu: ingancin makamashi da hayaƙin da ke cikin gida. Babban aiki mai inganci na murhu zai iya inganta sakamakon muhalli har ma da ƙarancin mai (kamar itacen wuta da biomass). A cewar wani binciken da aka kwatanta tasirin muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki na rayuwa na tasirin makamashin dafa abinci, tare da ingantattun murhu "fiye da ƙimar dumama mai yana juyewa zuwa makamashin dafa abinci mai amfani don haka dole ne a samar da ƙarancin man fetur, jigilar kayayyaki, da ƙonewa zuwa ga mai. kai adadin girki”.<ref name="cleancookstoves.org">{{cite web |title=Comparative Analysis of Fuels for Cooking |url=http://cleancookstoves.org/resources/502.html. |publisher=Global Alliance for Clean Cook Stoves |access-date=2023-05-11 |archive-date=2022-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710000554/https://cleancooking.org/sector-directory/resources-centre-for-sustainable-development/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka masu ɗorewa sun haɗa da mai da ruwa da iskar gas waɗanda aka kone su a cikin murhu mai inganci mai inganci. Misali, ethanol da aka samar daga kayan abinci na cellulosic/marasa abinci (itace, ragowar aikin gona) yana da ƙarancin tasirin yanayin rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da ethanol da aka samar daga sukari da kayan sitaci. LPG, ko da yake an yi shi daga burbushin burbushin da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba, har yanzu yana da ƙananan tasirin kiwon lafiya fiye da man fetur na gargajiya - don haka ko da yake ba madadin mai dorewa ba ne, yana haifar da ƙananan tasiri fiye da na gargajiya. == Kalubale. == === wadata === Akwai sauye-sauye tsakanin inganci da dorewa a bangaren samar da murhu da kuma kasuwar mai. Yayin da ake haɓaka murhun dafa abinci da ke amfani da ingantacciyar hanyar samar da mai yana da kyau ga muhalli, galibi wannan ba mafita ce mai dacewa ba saboda shingen haɓaka samarwa da amfani da waɗannan abubuwan. Misali, murhun wutan lantarki ana ambaton su azaman madadin 'tsabta' mara fitarwa zuwa yanayin halitta a matakin gida. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai mummunan waje - gurɓataccen yanayi a yankunan da ke kusa da tashar wutar lantarki har yanzu yana haifar da hadarin lafiya, yayin da samar da wutar lantarki a Indiya da Sin (kasashen da suka dogara da kwal don samar da wutar lantarki) har yanzu suna haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci na muhalli. Haka kuma, gidajen da ke da alaƙa da wutar lantarki a cikin ƙasa ko yanki ne kawai za su sami wutar lantarki don amfanin gida, ta yadda ba a haɗa da ɗimbin al'ummomin karkara.<ref>ttp://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22521</ref> === Bukata. === A bangaren bukata kuwa, akwai kalubale ta fuskar samar da yanayi mai dacewa don siyan murhu. Haɗa dabarun canza ɗabi'a na al'ada (BCTs) cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata ya zama dole don haɓaka babban canjin ɗabi'a, kamar yadda aka tattauna a ƙasa. Wani abin da aka haramta na aikin murhu wanda ba ya haɗa da tanadi mai kyau na uba shine tsadar farashin ingantattun murhu. Masu cin kasuwa a kasan dala na samun kudin shiga galibi sune masu amfani da ƙarshen waɗannan ingantattun fasahohin, amma saboda rashin haɗin kai ko keɓancewa, ba sa samun damar yin amfani da tsarin gargajiya na kuɗin mabukaci da kiredit. Ƙirƙirar ƙima a cikin tsarin kasuwanci da haɓaka haɓakar cibiyoyin kuɗi (MFIs) suna magance waɗannan batutuwa - duk da haka, MFIs na fuskantar ƙalubale na haɓakawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} === shiga tsakani na gwamnati. === Ganin mummunan abubuwan waje da ke hade da fasahar murhu mara tsabta - mummunan tasiri ga mata da 'yan mata; rashin dorewar muhalli; da kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da HAP - akwai babban lamari don sa hannun gwamnati. Misali, wani nau'i na sa baki na iya zama tallafin kai tsaye da ke da alaƙa da tasirin lafiya da yanayin - alal misali, tallafin da aka yi niyya kasuwannin carbon. Samar da kayayyakin jama'a kamar ilimin masu amfani, samun damar yin amfani da kudaden mabukaci suma zasu kasance masu amfani. Taimako don saka hannun jari a cikin R&D don fasahohi masu tsabta da mai, da kuma aiwatar da ka'idoji na asali da tsarin gwaji don tsabta da inganci (kuma samar da amfanin jama'a), ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar sarkar wadata mai inganci da dorewa. [[File:Market_for_improved_stove_use.png|thumb| Ingantattun abubuwan amfani na waje daga ingantacciyar amfani da murhu, yana ba da hujjar shiga tsakani na waje]] == Abubuwan haɓaka don ingantattun tantunan dafa abinci. ==   An sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin dafa abinci masu inganci ( [[Makamashi Talauci da Girki|ingantattun wuraren dafa abinci]] ), kamar su Wonderbag, wanda kuma zai iya rage buƙatun mai don dafa abinci na zama. Haɓaka fasahar fasaha ya ba da damar yin amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin dafa abinci mai ɗorewa tare da man fetur na gargajiya, irin su BioLite Home Stove, murhun biomass wanda ke rage yawan amfani da mai da kashi 50% da hayaƙi har zuwa 95%.<ref>{{cite web|title=BioLite Home Stove|url=https://global.bioliteenergy.com/products/homestove|access-date=2023-05-11|archive-date=2022-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328052726/https://global.bioliteenergy.com/products/homestove|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sabbin sabbin abubuwa a cikin tsarin kasuwanci sun kuma ba da damar masu samar da murhu don "ingantacciyar haɓaka masana'antu da tattalin arziƙin masu amfani, yayin da ake samun manyan matakan kiwon lafiya da fa'idodin muhalli".<ref>{{cite web|title=Renewable Energy Microfinance and Microenterprise Program (REMMP)|url=http://arcfinance.org/projects/remmp/|access-date=2023-05-11|archive-date=2022-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131231837/http://arcfinance.org/projects/remmp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Misali, Inyeneri kamfani ne na samar da makamashi a Ruwanda wanda ke aiki kamar 'kamfanin mai dafa abinci'. Samfurin sa ya yi nasarar magance matsaloli da dama game da riƙon murhu da suka haɗa da haramtacciyar tsadar murhu, ɗabi'ar mabukaci na haɗa sabbin hanyoyin dafa abinci da tsoffin hanyoyin dafa abinci, da kuma rashin yuwuwar kasuwancin waɗannan kamfanoni. Bugu da ƙari, ƙirƙira a cikin fasahar wayar tafi da gidanka ya ba wa kamfanoni kamar PayGo Energy a Kenya da KopaGas a [[Tanzaniya]] damar shawo kan matsalar tsadar da masu karamin karfi ke fuskanta, gami da tsadar murhu na gaba da rashin samun damar siyan mai a cikin adadi kaɗan (a nau'i na hukuncin talauci ). Har ila yau MFIs sun fara mai da hankalinsu ga samar da makamashi mai tsafta, kamar yadda aka gani tare da nasarar da Hukumar USAID ta samu na Renewable Energy Microfinance and Microenterprise Program (REMMP).<ref>{{cite web|title=Renewable Energy Microfinance and Microenterprise Program (REMMP)|url=http://arcfinance.org/projects/remmp/|access-date=2023-05-11|archive-date=2022-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131231837/http://arcfinance.org/projects/remmp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Na Dole ne a kara kaimi na kasa da kasa don samar da mafita na gajeren lokaci da dogon lokaci ga miliyoyin mata da yara da ke fama da talauci da cututtuka sakamakon gurbacewar iska a cikin gida. Masana kimiya sun yi hasashen nahiyar Afirka za ta kasance ta farko da za ta fuskanci illar dumamar yanayi inda bala'in talauci zai kara jefa miliyoyin mutane cikin hadari saboda karancin karfin da suke da shi na daidaitawa. Yiwuwar tana da girma ga Afirka mai dorewa tare da himma daga ciki da wajen yankin. [[Ciwon huhu|Cutar huhu]] ita ce ta daya mai kashe yara a duniya kuma gurbacewar iska a cikin gida abu ne mai matukar hadari ga cutar huhu. Hukumar kula da lafiya ta duniya ta ware ranar 2, ga watan Nuwamba a matsayin ranar yaki da cutar huhu ta duniya domin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar da kuma dalilanta. == Shirye-shiryen ilimi da dabarun canza hali. == Shisshigi na ilimi zai iya ba da gudummawa don rage fallasa hayaki ta hanyar aiwatar da dabarun canza ɗabi'a waɗanda mutane ke fuskantar haɗari da ƙarfafa niyyar canza rayuwar rayuwa da ayyukan al'adu waɗanda za su iya yin tasiri sosai kan rage fallasa ga IAP. Canjin dabi'a wani bangare ne na tasirin bukatu da za a iya samu ta hanyar yakin tallan tallace-tallacen da aka yi niyya, wanda galibi nau'ikan iri biyu ne: ko dai yakin kasuwa-nesa ko hanyoyin mayar da hankali a matakin gida da na gida wanda ke amfani da zanga-zangar da bin diddigin ziyara. Bincike ya nuna cewa a zahiri kamfen ɗin tallan tallace-tallace yana ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin gurɓacewar iska a gida, amma galibi ba su yin nasara wajen haɓaka sayan ingantattun murhu. Dole ne a gudanar da zayyana waɗannan ayyukan tare da sanin cewa "buƙatun mabukaci da abubuwan da ake so suna da rikitarwa kuma suna da tasiri da abubuwa da yawa na yanayi da zamantakewa waɗanda ke buƙatar zurfin fahimtar al'adu, wuce fasahar fasaha da tattalin arziki".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bishop|first1=S|last2=Pursnani|first2=P|last3=Sumpter|first3=C|title=Social marketing in India: lessons learned from efforts to foster demand for cleaner cookstoves|url=https://www.shellfoundation.org/ShellFoundation.org_new/media/Shell-Foundation-Reports/shell_founation_social_marketing_in_india.pdf|publisher=London: Shell Foundation; 2014|access-date=2023-05-11|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820195345/http://www.shellfoundation.org/ShellFoundation.org_new/media/Shell-Foundation-Reports/shell_founation_social_marketing_in_india.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da [[Jinsi|batutuwan tsakanin jinsi]], buƙatun jin daɗi, mahimmancin al'adu na abinci, da imani na addini da al'adu. Shaida guda daya da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta yi nasara ta nuna cewa, a tsakanin shekarar 1980, zuwa 1995, ta watsa ingantattun tantunan dafa abinci miliyan 172. Wannan ƙoƙarin ya sami nasara sosai saboda haɗa masu amfani da gida, musamman mata, waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙira da aikin filin. == Shishigi na farko ga yara. == Yara har zuwa shekaru biyar suna ciyar da kashi 90% na lokacinsu a gida.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mukesh Dherani|title= Indoor air pollution from unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis no.5 Genebra |journal=Bull World Health Organ|volume=86 |issue=1 |date=May 2008 |pages=321–416|url=https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/5/07-044529-ab/en/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506033153/http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/5/07-044529-ab/en/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 May 2008|display-authors=etal}}</ref> A duniya baki daya, kashi 50% na mutuwar ciwon huhu a tsakanin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar suna faruwa ne saboda wasu abubuwan da ake shaka daga gurbacewar iska ta cikin gida.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zheng, Li|title=Evaluation of exposure reduction to indoor air pollution in stove intervention projects in Peru by urinary biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites|journal=Environment International|volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=1157–1163|date=October 2011 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.024|pmid=21524795|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258921}}</ref> Yawancin gidaje a duk faɗin duniya sun yi amfani da ingantaccen mai don dafa abinci. Wadannan makamashin suna fitar da adadi mai yawa na carbon monoxide da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fullerton, DG.|title=Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=102 |issue=9 |pages=843–851 |date=September 2008 |doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.028|pmid=18639310 |display-authors=etal|pmc=2568866}}</ref> Wadannan sinadarai masu bacin rai idan an shakar su na iya haifar da yanayi daban-daban na huhu wanda ya kama daga ciwon daji na epithelial na huhu ko kamuwa da cutar huhu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rudan, I. |title=Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age |journal=Bull World Health Organ |volume=82 |issue=12 |year=2004 |url=http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862004001200005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |access-date=2023-05-11 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050725/http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862004001200005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Misalai na ƙasa. == === Kenya === Tun daga shekara ta 2004, Kenya ta nuna niyyar aiwatar da al'amuran makamashin halittu tare da fahimtar cewa amfani yana da alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida da lalata muhalli. Shawarwari daga shirin raya kasashe na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun hada da kafa wata cibiyar da za ta yi aiki kadai da makamashin halittu ta hanyar samar da jagororin manufofi game da itace mai dorewa, gawayi, da kwayoyin halittu na zamani irin su makamashi mai tsafta da iska, hasken rana, da karamin karfin ruwa . Magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci yana da ingantacciyar amfani da makamashi na cikin gida ta hanyar ingantattun murhun dafa abinci waɗanda ke ba da zaɓuɓɓuka masu araha a nan gaba fiye da cikakken matsawa zuwa mai mara ƙarfi. Magani na dogon lokaci ya ta'allaka ne kan sauye sauyen man fetur na zamani da madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi a cikin babban manufofin kasa da kasa da na kasa da kuma ajanda na tattalin arziki. Tallafin gwamnati don mafita na dogon lokaci yana da yuwuwa kamar yadda yunƙurin da ake yi yanzu a [[Zambiya]] ya shaida don haɓaka manufofi don haɓaka albarkatun halittu. Kenya ita ce kan gaba a duniya a yawan tsarin wutar lantarki da aka girka kowane mutum (amma ba adadin watts da aka kara ba). Fiye da ƙananan na'urorin hasken rana 30,000, kowannensu yana samar da watts 12, zuwa 30, a Kenya kowace shekara. Don saka hannun jari na kusan $ 100, don panel da wiring, ana iya amfani da tsarin PV don cajin baturin mota, wanda zai iya ba da wutar lantarki don kunna fitilar kyalli ko ƙaramin talabijin na ƴan sa'o'i a rana. Yawancin 'yan Kenya suna amfani da wutar lantarki a kowace shekara fiye da yin haɗin kai zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasar.<ref>[http://rael.berkeley.edu/files/2006/Kammen-SciAm-Renewables-9-06.pdf The Rise of Renewable Energy]</ref> Bayanin da ke biyowa yana wakiltar sa hannun nasara guda ɗaya wanda aka sani da Aikin Smoke and Health Project (1998-2001)<ref name="SPpdf1">[http://practicalaction.org/docs/advocacy/Smoke_Project.pdf Kenya Smoke and Health Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044827/http://practicalaction.org/docs/advocacy/Smoke_Project.pdf |date=2012-02-05 }}, ITDG. 1998-2001. Accessed 5 May 2007.</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi gidaje hamsin a cikin yankuna biyu daban-daban, Kajiado da Kenya ta Yamma. An zaɓi waɗannan yankuna saboda yanayi daban-daban, yanayin ƙasa, da [[Al'ada|al'adu daban]] -daban. Haɗin gwiwar al'umma shine babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan wannan aikin kuma a sakamakon haka, waɗanda abin ya shafa sun nuna sakamakon ya zarce tsammaninsu. Ƙungiyoyin mata na gida da kuma, game da aikin a Yammacin Kenya, maza sun shiga tsakani. Ta hanyar haɗa masu amfani da ƙarshen aikin ya haifar da ƙarin karɓuwa kuma ya haifar da ƙarin fa'ida na samar da kudin shiga na gida. An tattauna da kuma yada muhimman abubuwa guda uku; samun iska ta hanyar faɗaɗa tagogi ko buɗe wuraren buɗe ido, ƙara murfi na hayaƙi a kan wurin dafa abinci, ko zaɓin shigar da ingantacciyar murhu mai dafa abinci kamar murhu Upesi . Murfin hayaƙi raka'a ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke aiki kamar hayaƙi ko bututun hayaƙi a ƙoƙarinsu na fitar da hayaki daga cikin gidan. Ana iya amfani da su a kan bude wuta na gargajiya kuma wannan binciken ya nuna suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan matakan IAP. An yi samfurin murfin hayaƙi da takarda mai wuya sannan kuma a tura shi zuwa karfen galvanized mai nauyi mai nauyi kuma an kera shi cikin gida. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarin guraben aikin yi ga masu sana'ar hannu waɗanda aikin ya horar da su. Murhu Upesi, wanda aka yi da yumbu da murhu, Practical Action da abokan hadin gwiwar Gabashin Afirka ne suka samar da shi don amfani da sharar itace da sharar gonaki. Domin an ƙera wannan murhu kuma an daidaita shi don buƙatun gida ya samar da abubuwa masu nasara da yawa. Ba wai kawai ya yanke amfani da itacen mai da kusan rabin ba, da kuma rage yawan shan hayaki a gida, yana kuma baiwa matan gida karfin gwiwa ta hanyar samar da ayyukan yi domin su ne suke kera da sayar da murhu. Wadannan kungiyoyin mata sun sami damar samun horon fasaha a fannin samarwa da tallace-tallace kuma suna samun karin albashi da inganta zamantakewar jama'a sakamakon bullo da wannan ingantacciyar murhu. An sami fa'idodi iri-iri ciki har da ingantacciyar lafiya; mafi mahimmancin al'amari ga kowane ɗan ƙauyen da abin ya shafa. Mutanen sun ba da rahoton ƙarancin zafi na ciki wanda ke ba da damar mafi kyawun bacci, ƙarancin [[ciwon kai]] da ƙarancin [[Rashin karfi|gajiya]], ƙarancin ido da tari da dizziness . Tsaro ya karu saboda hayakin da ya hana awaki da yara fadawa cikin wuta kuma an samu raguwar gurbacewar goro, tare da macizai da berayen da ba sa shiga gidan. Windows yana ba da damar iya kallon shanu daga gida, da kuma rage buƙatun kananzir saboda ingantaccen hasken ciki. Gabaɗaya, yanayin cikin gida ya inganta sosai daga abubuwa masu sauƙi daban-daban waɗanda aka ɗauka da sauƙi a cikin gidajen yamma na zamani. Hasken cikin gida mafi girma yana ba da damar samun ƙarin samun kudin shiga ga mata saboda suna iya yin aikin katako ta taga lokacin da yanayi bai ba da izinin wannan aikin a waje ba. Yara kuma suna amfana da ƙarin hasken wuta don aikin gida. Dangantaka tsakanin mata ya taso a sakamakon aikin, kuma maza sun fi tallafa wa shirin matansu idan sakamakon ya amfanar da su. Duk da yake ƙoƙarin farko na inganta murhun wuta yana da iyaka a cikin nasara, ƙoƙarin da ake yi na yanzu ya fi samun nasara saboda sanin cewa albarkatun makamashi mai dorewa na cikin gida "sun kasance tsakiya don rage talauci da yunwa, inganta kiwon lafiya ... da inganta rayuwar mata da yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://practicalaction.org/docs/advocacy/Smoke_Project.pdf |access-date=2023-05-11 |archive-date=2012-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044827/http://practicalaction.org/docs/advocacy/Smoke_Project.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> mafi kyawun buri na ɗan gajeren lokaci don rage talaucin ƙauye shine samar da mafita mara tsada kuma karɓuwa ga jama'ar gari. Ba wai kawai murhu zai iya ba da gudummawa ga wannan shiga ba, amma yin amfani da mai mai tsabta zai kuma ba da ƙarin fa'idodi. === Guatemala. === Irin wannan ingantattun ayyukan tantuna sun tabbatar da nasara a wasu yankuna na duniya. Ingantattun murhu da aka girka a matsayin wani ɓangare na Binciken Bazuwar Bazuwar Nazari na Gurɓata Cikin Gida da Nazari (RESPIRE) a Guatemala an gano cewa an yarda da jama'a kuma yana samar da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya ga iyaye mata da yara. Uwaye a cikin rukunin shiga tsakani sun sami raguwar hawan jini da raguwar rashin jin daɗin ido da ciwon baya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Randomized exposure study of pollution indoors and respiratory effects (RESPIRE) |url=http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/guat/page.asp?id=15 |website=Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610004318/http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/guat/page.asp?id=15 |archivedate=10 June 2007}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=McCracken JP, Smith KR, Diaz A, Mittleman MA, Schwartz J |date=July 2007 |title=Chimney stove intervention to reduce long-term wood smoke exposure lowers blood pressure among Guatemalan women |journal=Environ. Health Perspect. |volume=115 |issue=7 |pages=996–1001 |doi=10.1289/ehp.9888 |pmc=1913602 |pmid=17637912}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Diaz E, Smith-Sivertsen T, Pope D, Lie RT, Diaz A, McCracken J, etal |date=January 2007 |title=Eye discomfort, headache and back pain among Mayan Guatemalan women taking part in a randomised stove intervention trial |journal=J Epidemiol Community Health |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=74–9 |doi=10.1136/jech.2006.043133 |pmc=2465594 |pmid=17183019}}</ref> An kuma gano gidajen shiga tsakani suna da ƙananan matakan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da carbon monoxide.<ref> {{cite journal |vauthors=Bruce N, McCracken J, Albalak R, Schei MA, Smith KR, Lopez V, etal |year=2004 |title=Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children |journal=J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol |volume=14 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S26–33 |doi=10.1038/sj.jea.7500355 |pmid=15118742 |doi-access=free}} </ref> Yara a cikin waɗannan gidaje kuma suna da ƙarancin asma.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schei MA, Hessen JO, Smith KR, Bruce N, McCracken J, Lopez V |year=2004 |title=Childhood asthma and indoor woodsmoke from cooking in Guatemala |journal=J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol |volume=14 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S110–7 |doi=10.1038/sj.jea.7500365 |pmid=15118752 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan shirin matukin jirgi na farko ya samo asali ne zuwa CRECER (Tsarin numfashi na yau da kullun na Bayyanar Yara na Farko zuwa Mahimmancin Halittu),<ref>Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Chronic respiratory effects of childhood exposure to respirable particulate matter (CRECER). http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/guat/page.asp?id=1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424005132/http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/guat/page.asp?id=1|date=24 April 2008}}. Accessed 18 March 2008.</ref> wanda zai yi ƙoƙarin bin yara a cikin gidaje masu shiga tsakani na dogon lokaci don sanin ko ingantattun murhun suma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarin lafiya akan tsawon rayuwa. === Indiya. === Shirin kasa kan Ingantattun Chulhas a Indiya ya kuma samu wasu nasarori wajen karfafa amfani da ingantattun murhu a tsakanin mutanen da ke cikin hadarin. An fara a tsakiyar 1980s, wannan shirin yana ba da tallafi don ƙarfafa iyalai don siyan chulhas masu ɗorewa kuma a shigar da bututun hayaƙi. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2005, ya nuna cewa murhu da bututun hayaki yana da alaƙa da ƙananan cutar cataracts a cikin mata.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pokhrel AK, Smith KR, Khalakdina A, Deuja A, Bates MN |year=2005 |title=Case-control study of indoor cooking smoke exposure and cataract in Nepal and India |journal=Int J Epidemiol |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=709–10 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyi077 |pmid=15833790 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawancin bayanan da ake samu daga Indiya sun fi halayen batun kuma akwai ƙarancin bayanai da ake samu daga gwajin shiga tsakani. === China. === Kasar Sin ta samu nasara musamman wajen karfafa amfani da ingantattun murhu, inda aka sanya daruruwan miliyoyin murhu tun farkon aikin a farkon shekarun 1980. Gwamnati ta yi niyya sosai ga matalauta, gidaje na karkara, kuma a ƙarshen 1990s kusan kashi 75% na irin waɗannan gidaje suna ɗauke da "ingantattun wuraren dafa abinci." <ref>Smith, KR. Household monitoring project in China. Environmental Health Sciences Department website. http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/hem/page.asp?id=29 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819163838/http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/hem/page.asp?id=29|date=19 August 2007}}. Accessed 18 March 2008.</ref> Wani bita na 2007, na gidaje 3500 ya nuna haɓakar ingancin iska na cikin gida a cikin gidaje masu shiga tsakani waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da carbon monoxide a cikin iskan gida.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Edwards RD, Liu Y, He G, Yin Z, Sinton J, Peabody J, etal |year=2007 |title=Household CO and PM measured as part of a review of China's National Improved Stove Program |journal=Indoor Air |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=189–203 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00465.x |pmid=17542832|doi-access=free }}</ref> Shirin da aka yi a kasar Sin ya shafi shiga tsakani sosai, amma an ba da tallafi sosai kan farashin murhu don haka ba a san ko za a iya maimaita nasararsa ba.   == Nassoshi. == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Muhalli]] 6p1jiywj3dpq2qv36kotw7bmu0w4rvt Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald 0 48795 891330 487653 2026-08-04T12:56:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald''' wata mai bincike ce 'yar Austriya wacce ta kware a ilimin halittu . Ita ce Cikakken Farfesa Farfesa a Ilimin Halittu da Canjin Muhalli na Duniya da kuma Shugaban Sashen Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT) a San Luis Potosí, Mexico.<ref name="1:eswp">{{cite web |title=Datos Curriculares IPICYT- Nombre No Existente |url=https://ipicyt.edu.mx/curricular/ElisabethHuber-Sannwald |website=ipicyt.edu.mx |access-date=29 April 2023 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="2:eswp">{{cite journal |last1=McGuire |first1=Susan R. |title=Speaking With People in Our Profession: An interview with Dr Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald |journal=Rangelands |date=1 December 2007 |volume=29 |issue=6 |url=https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/640522 |access-date=29 April 2023 |language=en |issn=0190-0528 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501033742/https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/640522 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UNCCD">{{cite web |title=Elisabeth F. Huber-Sannwald |url=https://www.unccd.int/science/members/elisabeth-huber-sannwald |publisher=[[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification]] |access-date=30 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Elisabeth Huber-Sanndwwald.jpg|thumb|Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald]] A shekara ta 1990, ta kammala karatun digirinta na biyu a [[Biology|fannin Biology]] da [[Botany]] a Jami'ar Innsbruck, a Innsbruck, Ostiriya, inda ta yi nazarin illolin canjin amfani da ƙasa akan halittu . A shekarar 1996, ta samu Ph.D. a Rangeland Ecology a Jami'ar Jihar Utah, Logan, Utah, US <ref name="2:eswp" /> Ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Jami'ar Buenos Aires a matsayin Jami'in Kimiyya na Mayar da hankali 4: Canjin Duniya da Halin Halittar Tsarin Duniya akan Geosphere da Biosphere. == Sana'a da bincike == Daga 1998 zuwa 2001, ta kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Cibiyar Grassland da Kimiyyar Foliage na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Munich, Freising, Jamus. Ta shiga cikin ƙira da haɓaka IPICYT, ƙirƙirar Sashen Kimiyyar Muhalli da kuma shirin Digiri na biyu a Kimiyyar Muhalli. A cikin 2001, ta shiga IPICYT a matsayin mai binciken Titular C, wanda ke haɗe da Tsarin Tsarin Masu Bincike na Ƙasa (SNI) Level II, a fannin Canjin Muhalli na Duniya. Huber-Sannwald yana riƙe da cikakken Farfesa Farfesa. Binciken nata ya dogara ne akan ilimin halittu na halittu, yana mai da hankali kan rawar tsirrai da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa a cikin tsarin biogeochemical da yanayin muhalli na yankuna mara kyau na arewacin Mexico . Ta mayar da hankali kan nazarin illolin zamantakewa da na duniya, irin su kiwo, canjin amfani da ƙasa da lalata ƙasa a cikin amincin tsarin zamantakewa da muhalli don samun ci gaba mai dorewa na rayuwar karkara. Huber-Sannwald shi ne Shugaban Yanki na Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Mexica. Tana aiki a matsayin abokiyar editan mujallolin ''Rangeland Ecology'' da ''Aikace-aikacen Muhalli''.<ref name="6:eswp">{{cite book | editor1 = Hans Günter Brauch | editor2 = Úrsula Oswald Spring | editor3 = Czeslaw Mesjasz | editor4 = John Grin | editor5 = Patricia Kameri-Mbote | editor6 = Béchir Chourou | editor7 = Pál Dunay | editor8 = Joern Birkmann | date = 3 February 2011 | title = Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | pages = 1742– | isbn = 978-3-642-17776-7 | oclc = 1031328284 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v-9h-mXLaWQC&pg=PA1742}}</ref> Ita ce mai gudanarwa na {{Lang|es|Grupo Regional en Agostaderos Mexicanos para su Investigación y el Liderazgo de su Uso Sustentable}} (Rukunin Yanki a cikin Rawanin Mexico don Bincike da Jagorancin Amfaninsa mai Dorewa) (GRACILIS) da na {{Lang|es|Red Mexicana de Investigación Ecológica a Largo Plazo}} (Cibiyar sadarwa ta Mexica don Binciken Muhalli na Tsawon Lokaci) (RED MEX-LTER); da kuma mai gudanarwa na Inter-American Network for Atmospheric and Biospheric Studies (IANABIS).<ref name="3:eswp">{{cite news |last1=Guerrero |first1=Ana Luisa |title=Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, investigadora agradecida con México |url=http://www.cienciamx.com/index.php/sociedad/personajes/13084-elisabeth-huber-sannwald-investigadora-agradecida-con-mexico |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=México Ciencia y Tecnología |date=7 April 2017 |language=es-es}}</ref> Huber-Sannwald memba ne na Kwamitin Kimiyya na Ƙungiyar Muhalli na Amurka (ESA); kwamitin zartarwa na cibiyar sadarwa ta kasa da kasa don yaki da hamada (ARIDnet). Ita memba ce na Kwamitin Fasaha na Ilimi, kuma tana da alhakin Axis 2/Internationalization na CONACYT Socio-Ecosystems and Sustainability Network. Ita ma memba ce a kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Tuntuɓar Muhalli kan Sabis na Ecosystem na Sociedad de Toxicología y Química Ambiental .<ref name="3:eswp" /><ref name="4:eswp">{{cite video |title=Dra Elisabeth Huber Sannwald |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohvw7q5AFkI |website=youtube.com |access-date=29 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> == Ganewa == * SNI II. IPIYT. 2007. * SNI I. IPICIT. 2002. * Matsayin Shugaban Gado II. CONACYT. 2001. * Don Dwyer, Sashen Albarkatun Rangeland Kwarewar Kimiyya, Jami'ar Jihar Utah. Jami'ar Jihar Utah. 1997. * Binciken Fulbright. Fulbright. 1991. * Karatun Sakandare. Jami'ar Innsbruck. 1987. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Maestre, F., Gallardo, A. et al ''.'' (2013) "Yanke zagayowar abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa a matsayin aikin bushewa a bushesshen duniya". ''Yanayin'' 502 (7473), 672-676. * Huber-Sannwald, E., Martínez-Tagüeña, N., Espejel, I., Lucatello, S., Coppock, ''DL'', da Reyes Gómez, VM (2019) Canje-canje da Banbanci", ''Gudanar da Busassun wurare na gaba da Canjin Yanayi a Kudancin Duniya'', Yanayin yanayi na Springer Switzerland, Pp. 1-24. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-030-22463-9</nowiki>, Suiza. * Stuart Chapin III F., E. Sala O., Huber-Sannwald E. (2001) "Diversity Global Diversity in Changing Environment: Scenarios for the 21st century", ''Springer'' Verlag, Pp. 376. EU * Concostrina-Zubiri, L., Martinez, I., Huber-Sannwald, E., Escudero, A. (2013) "Tasirin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Halittu da Amsoshi a cikin ƙananan halittu: ci gaba na kwanan nan a nau'in l". ''Ecosistemas'' 22, (3). 95-100. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ta6nt8vrmthja5istqq7wxuc8g8eai4 Chika Anadu 0 54078 891532 891082 2026-08-04T23:01:54Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Labari na ƙarshe'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''Dalilin Aure'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Komawa Gida'' |- |2020 |''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- |2023 |Ba na zuwa gare ku da sa'a |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dl9v5d3pv67112ywwreiay7c6dbtxd2 891533 891532 2026-08-04T23:03:49Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Labari na ƙarshe'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |'''' |- |2020 |''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- |2023 |Ba na zuwa gare ku da sa'a |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n6tyk7umgq2g0bktox8lblo7j5ch95s 891534 891533 2026-08-04T23:04:32Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Labari na ƙarshe'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Going Home'' |- |2020 |''Haskaka Idanunka'' |- |2023 |Ba na zuwa gare ku da |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 91xf2oieqthtjlp0rdp30ljlssp2ojd 891535 891534 2026-08-04T23:05:20Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Labari na ƙarshe'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Going Home'' |- |2020 |''Shine your Eyes'' |- |2023 |Ba na zuwa gare ku da |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] o7ykx5e3kzn13kalmuicj4ajzf3upyp 891536 891535 2026-08-04T23:05:53Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Labari na ƙarshe'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Going Home'' |- |2020 |''Shine your Eyes'' |- |2023 |I |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2o0gpmv4jfkdkdmxyyf9xc7j2i27co6 891537 891536 2026-08-04T23:07:38Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Epilogue'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Going Home'' |- |2020 |''Shine your Eyes'' |- |2023 |I |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f286274nqqlk56tcd9f3zclnt2i0ilu 891538 891537 2026-08-04T23:08:33Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Chika Anadu 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya wacce aka fi sani da fim din B for Boy (2013). Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta samar da gajeren fina-finai da yawa.[1] An san fina-finai na Anadu da magance batutuwan nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi da matsalolin al'adu da ke kewaye da al'ada a Najeriya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chika Anadu a watan Nuwamba 1980 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma Ingila don ci gaba da karatunta. Yayinda take can, ta yi matakan 'A', ta kammala digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da Criminology, kuma ta sami MA a Nazarin Afirka: Ci gaban Dan Adam da Ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellerson |first=Beti |title=A Glance at Cannes: The Festival Residency |url=http://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.ca/2011/05/glance-at-cannes-festival-residency.html |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=African Women in Cinema Blog}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Anadu ta bayyana cewa tana son fina-finai a duk rayuwarta ta farko, amma ba sai 2006 ba ce ta yi tunanin zama darektan a matsayin aiki na gaskiya ga kanta. Anadu ta koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2006 don kammala shirin ta na National Youth Service Corps (NYSC), shirin aiki na tilas na gwamnati ga 'yan Najeriya da digiri na jami'a. A lokacin da ta zauna, ta ga fim din Italiyanci Cinema Paradiso (1988) kuma sha'awar zama darektan ta burge ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zurko |first=Nick |title=It all Starts With a Script |url=https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/it-all-starts-with-a-script-an-interview-with-chika-anadu/ |access-date=9 February 2016 |publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref> Anadu ya koma Najeriya a shekara ta 2008 kuma ya fara aiki a cikin talabijin da fim. Ba ta gamsu da kwarewarta ba, Anadu ta fara rubutu da yin fim dinta a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |title=Chika Anadu Wins AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award w/ Feature Debut B For Boy |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306175816/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/chika-anadu-wins-afi-fest-2013-breakthrough-award-w-feature-debut-b-for-boy |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |publisher=Indiewire}}</ref> An nuna gajeren fim dinta na farko, Epilogue (2009), a bikin fina-finai na San Diego Black na 2010 a Amurka. An nuna ''Ava'' (2010) a cikin gajeren fim na bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epilogue |url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306012110/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.film.epilogue.13880.html |archive-date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Nigercultures}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Kwalejin Fim ta New York ta zo Najeriya a karo na farko, tana ba da bita na tsawon wata a cikin jagora, wasan kwaikwayo, rubutun allo, da aikin kyamara. Anadu ta zaɓi yin rajista a cikin bita na rubutun allo maimakon jagorantar, duk da sanin cewa tana so ta zama darektan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Anadu ya nemi shirin zama na Cannes Cinéfondation a Paris. Maganin rubutun shafi 14 wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na gabatarwar ta shine tushen abin da zai zama fim dinta na farko, B for Boy (2013). Anadu ya sami ɗaya daga cikin wurare shida kuma ya koma Paris don shiga. Ta rubuta rubutun don B for Boy (2013) a lokacin da ta zauna makonni biyu da rabi. <ref name=":1" /> Anadu ta samar da fim din tare da kamfaninta mai zaman kanta No Blondes Production . An harbe fim din a cikin kwanaki 17, tare da Anadu yana aiki a matsayin darektan, marubuci, furodusa, darektan jefawa, mai binciken wuri, mai lissafi, da lauya. Fim din ya samo asali ne daga kuɗin iyali, dangin Anadu sun ba da gudummawa 70% na farashin, yayin da abokin aikinta mai samarwa Arie Esiri ya ba da guddina ga sauran kashi 30.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bennett |first=Kim |title=Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy |url=http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ |access-date=25 February 2016 |website=The Seattle Medium}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBennett">Bennett, Kim. [http://seattlemedium.com/filmmaker-chika-anadu-creates-dialogue-for-change-with-b-for-boy/ "Filmmaker Chika Anadu Creates Dialogue for Change With B For Boy"]. ''The Seattle Medium''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> B for Boy (2013) an fara shi ne a duniya a bikin fina-finai na BFI na London a shekarar 2013. An kuma nuna shi a AFI Fest inda ya lashe kyautar AFI Fest 2013 Breakthrough Award tare da kyautar kuɗi ta $ 5,000. An gudanar da fim din na Afirka ta Kudu a Durban a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vourlias |first=Christopher |title=Durban Festival: ‘Boy’ Helmer’s Path to Screen Full of Curves |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/festivals/durban-festival-boy-helmers-path-to-screen-full-of-curves-1201264472/ |access-date=18 February 2016 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din |- |2009 |''Epilogue'' |- |2010 |''Ava'' |- |2012 |''The Marriage Factor'' |- |2013 |''[[B for Boy|B for Boy]]'' |- |2015 |''Going Home'' |- |2020 |''Shine your Eyes'' |- |2023 |I Do Not Come to You by Chance |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ogh64a14hth4p939b9bpx43d18583wc Peace Anyiam-Osigwe 0 54082 891351 888527 2026-08-04T13:32:25Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 39vx8iamm1kqb08t0mjpfkky4jgk79u 891352 891351 2026-08-04T13:32:56Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] tcbf0nac5me5y8osqs47pfzibxi58ue 891353 891352 2026-08-04T13:33:15Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 30f5suvroj9n0zl9cb9tznlbzqitu3m 891354 891353 2026-08-04T13:33:35Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] hf75430xkyxt47k6w52arjhwhtr2kge 891355 891354 2026-08-04T13:34:37Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] mj8ecme2apoacb0kupj3g73dxwtdmq9 891356 891355 2026-08-04T13:35:02Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] i12xeebft1w3xr2mk7xekq2b7z1tsza 891357 891356 2026-08-04T13:35:29Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] jyn30pcwaqgsi7l9wtpq61g1xj344p1 891358 891357 2026-08-04T13:36:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 4t06s0iz1ur3kuz3suvu7a2sb9xaes6 891359 891358 2026-08-04T13:36:33Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] sdorrfbg22xhbqj3yf3nnl82tm6kks3 891361 891359 2026-08-04T13:37:13Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] r82vfgpvhyducfc17oshdcgpiqasx6i 891362 891361 2026-08-04T13:37:48Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] emr7u2r2bsk361l6bcj4t2yeasr0nfv 891363 891362 2026-08-04T13:38:37Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 2afex5vdo9k0mp0odhythpzei77zeuv 891364 891363 2026-08-04T13:39:06Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] p4guo5tm5cg27k44jih06is1grx89on 891365 891364 2026-08-04T13:39:52Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 3pqrl5hoe1okp3xj936pik4vqt1rrj3 891366 891365 2026-08-04T13:40:17Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. Anyiam-Osigwe ya kasance cikin suma tun ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya mutu a Asibitin St. Nicholas da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Janairu, yana da shekaru 53. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 5l31brf0358b97ji2g543ob7952u3w8 891367 891366 2026-08-04T13:40:36Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. Anyiam-Osigwe ya kasance cikin suma tun ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya mutu a Asibitin St. Nicholas da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Janairu, yana da shekaru 53. == Kyaututtuka == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] a2xy7pl9m5utcdadhhwv925wa7bptn6 891368 891367 2026-08-04T13:41:02Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346728186|Peace Anyiam-Osigwe]]" 891368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. Anyiam-Osigwe ya kasance cikin suma tun ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya mutu a Asibitin St. Nicholas da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Janairu, yana da shekaru 53. == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2019, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta African Film Pioneer Award a bikin fina-finan Afirka, TAFF. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] qnls7gjw24ungg2s3np4jsma7vkou91 891369 891368 2026-08-04T13:41:51Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 891369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. Anyiam-Osigwe ya kasance cikin suma tun ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya mutu a Asibitin St. Nicholas da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Janairu, yana da shekaru 53. == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2019, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta African Film Pioneer Award a bikin fina-finan Afirka, TAFF. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] kgro44cghc211rm37t8nlr2e33ueem5 891370 891369 2026-08-04T13:42:17Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 891370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peace Anyiam-Osigwe''' Listen ⓘ [[Order of the Federal Republic|MFR]] (wanda a da ake kira '''Peace Anyiam-Fiberesima''' ; 30 Maris 1969 - 9 Janairu 2023) ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai kuma babbar jami'ar nishaɗi ta Najeriya wacce aka kira "sarauniyar fina-finan Nollywood". Ita ce ta kafa bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Africa Movie Academy Awards]] a duk duniya. Jaridar ''[[The Guardian (Najeriya)|Guardian]]'' ta ba da rahoton cewa ta fara nuna fina-finan [[Nollywood]] a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Ita ce ta ba da umarni a bidiyon waƙar farko ta hip-hop, [[P-Square]] . <ref name="guardian" /> A shekarar 2012, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Order of the Federal Republic|Memba ta Order of the Federal Republic]] saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyemo |first=Adeola |date=10 September 2012 |title=149 Nigerians to Receive Federal Government Award – Mike Adenuga, Teco Benson, Tony Elumelu, Sarah Sosan among Recipients |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2012/09/149-nigerians-to-receive-federal-government-award-mike-adenuga-teco-benson-tony-elumelu-sarah-sosan-among-recipients/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Full list of Nigerians shortlisted for National Honours |url=http://www.channelstv.com/2012/09/10/full-list-of-nigerians-shortlisted-for-national-honours/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |agency=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Ita ma 'yar ƙungiyar TED ce . <ref name="ted">{{Cite web |last=Herro |first=Alana |date=22 October 2010 |title=Fellows Friday with Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=https://blog.ted.com/fellows-friday-with-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=ted.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anyiam-Osigwe a ranar 30 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2014 |title=Celebrity Birthday: Peace Anyiam-Osigwe |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/03/30/celebrity-birthday-peace-anyiam-osigwe/ |access-date=22 September 2016 |website=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> Ta fito daga gidan Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe da ke [[Nkwerre]], [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . Ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya takwas. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Oxford Brookes . == Sana'a == === Kyaututtukan Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka === Anyiam-Osigwe ya kafa [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kwalejin Fina-finai ta Afirka]], wata hukuma da ke kula da [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|bikin fina-finan]] tun daga shekarar 2005. Ana kyautata zaton bikin bayar da kyautar yana ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtukan da aka fi girmamawa ga 'yan Afirka a fannin shirya fina-finai. A [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ta 10|bugu na 10]], ta sauka daga mukamin Shugabar AMAAs. A shekarar 2015, ta fara shirin AfricaOne don tunawa da 'yan Afirka a masana'antar nishaɗi. A shekarar 2020, ta zama Shugabar Ƙungiyar Masu Shirya Fina-finai ta Ƙasa (AMP). Wannan ya sanya ta zama ta bakwai da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin bayan ta gaji Mista Ralph Nwadike. Anyiam Osigwe shi ne wanda ya fara aikin fina-finai 100 da nufin inganta ingancin fina-finan da aka shirya a Najeriya. A matsayinta na Shugaba, ta yi aiki wajen gina ƙarfin masu shirya fina-finai a ƙasar ta hanyar tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horarwa. === Aikin rubutu === Anyiam-Osigwe marubuci ne na rubutattun waƙoƙi. Tana da littattafai uku da ta yaba. <ref name="ted" /> A wata hira da Alana Herro, ta bayyana waka a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin bayyana fahimtarta da fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da ita. <ref name="ted" /> Kafin ta shiga jami'a, ta buga wata mujalla mai suna ''Clicks'', wacce aka rubuta musamman don ta dace da baƙar fata a Ingila. Ayyukanta sun ta'allaka ne akan dalilan kare hakkin jama'a. <ref name="ted" /> === Daraktan talabijin da fina-finai === Aikin Anyiam-Osigwe a talabijin ya fara ne da shirin tattaunawa nata, ''Yanke min tunani'', wanda ya mayar da hankali kan martanin mutane ga batutuwan zamantakewa waɗanda ba a cika gani a kafafen yada labarai na yau da kullun ba. <ref name="ted" /> Shirin tattaunawarta ya mayar da hankali ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi kare hakkin mutane waɗanda al'umma ba ta ba su kulawa sosai ko kuma ta yi watsi da su ba. <ref name="ted" /> Ta ambaci tsarin ƙabilanci na Afirka, fataucin yara da daidaito tsakanin mata a matsayin fannoni masu jan hankali a gare ta a fina-finai da talabijin. <ref name="ted" /> A farkon matakin mawakan biyu, aikin [[P-Square]], Anyiam-Osigwe ne ke da alhakin kula da su. <ref name="ted" /> A shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana wakiltar [[Somkele Iyamah]] . == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Ɗan'uwanta, Michael, wanda aka kashe a shekarar 2014 shi ne babban mai kula da gidauniyar Osigwe Anyiam-Osigwe, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ke ba da gudummawa ga al'ummar Najeriya. Ya kuma kasance darakta, Cibiyar Bincike da Ci Gaban Shugabanci ta Afirka kuma babban jami'in jakadancin Malawi a Najeriya. Mahaifiyarta, Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe, ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga shugaban [[Order of the Niger|ƙasar na]] wancan lokacin, [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusegun Obasanjo,]] saboda ayyukanta na taimakon jama'a a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief (Mrs.) Dorothy Chinyere Anyiam-Osigwe (OON) |url=https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923172147/https://www.anyiam-osigwe.com/pages/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=135&Itemid=494 |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016}}</ref> An raba ta da mijinta. Anyiam-Osigwe ya kasance cikin suma tun ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, kuma ya mutu a Asibitin St. Nicholas da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 9 ga Janairu, yana da shekaru 53. == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2019, an karrama ta da lambar yabo ta African Film Pioneer Award a bikin fina-finan Afirka, TAFF. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] ==Manazarta j8qobfzeln3hpadjc8f72mzr746ey9e Charles Awurum 0 54098 891332 886105 2026-08-04T13:15:45Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jft1j8ny51aj6hs0m0177o54x5nsgu4 891333 891332 2026-08-04T13:16:14Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9eevghgdfyv72nm5o93kdh242ej4eqt 891335 891333 2026-08-04T13:16:57Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8x91a1mmejjn17azvu0rd976yhg5iib 891337 891335 2026-08-04T13:17:30Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mxxrprivfyx6k2eubpjv5hgraiucbwd 891338 891337 2026-08-04T13:17:48Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hndnnl9fhqhqp5ejpepp3hjbb3fxsug 891339 891338 2026-08-04T13:18:04Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] djkijq3by4xeh8vnsoo2hm1s576y53r 891341 891339 2026-08-04T13:19:26Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] isvg8job2n0hfjidnptmn6mgwnljca4 891342 891341 2026-08-04T13:19:48Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 66bytc6ysqxdn4lxtwm5n2i6mpkh08y 891343 891342 2026-08-04T13:20:49Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5whz7w5xlxw4nwtfsabkf9z0q12yae1 891344 891343 2026-08-04T13:21:19Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] aad9ryw36pacey5vgpqzhw9f847zri9 891345 891344 2026-08-04T13:22:01Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lrh1tc0m5avjpatb2d1gmb1pgepxshx 891346 891345 2026-08-04T13:23:40Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344798333|Charles Awurum]]" 891346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j5elwr2lzj6dbpupcoko1kbl8ywr83b 891347 891346 2026-08-04T13:24:41Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 891347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta rih17yed9x3ka2pfuuml4kr91bnu9v9 891349 891347 2026-08-04T13:26:39Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 891349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamba, 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 0he83i3u44sxg1ox1gs855myf1p1f6y Eric Aghimien 0 54124 891377 888773 2026-08-04T14:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891377 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Eric Enomamien Aghimien darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. [1][2] Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng,com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014 |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021024949/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer,Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|A Mile from Home]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar Slow Country ]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Early life == Tun yana ɗan shekara takwas a lokacin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana barkwanci yana sayar wa abokan karatunsa wasu   .<ref>{{cite web |last1=Akinseye |first1=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |accessdate=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Babban abin sha'awarsa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai banda ninkaya da ƙwallon ƙafa. == Early life == Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta da iyawar fasaha masu ƙirƙira waɗanda suka haɗa da; waƙa, ƙera abubuwa da zane. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] tk2g9ln0abzftpqz426x2xkf6ao7yhj Magdeburg 0 55196 891526 846238 2026-08-04T22:26:45Z Baffa ali 47435 891526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Wappen Magdeburg.svg|thumb|Magdeburg]] '''Magdeburg,''' (Jamus: [ˈmakdəbʊʁk] (saurara); Ƙananan Jamusanci: Meideborg [ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x]) babban birni ne na jihar [[Jamus]] Saxony-Anhalt. Birnin yana bakin kogin Elbe<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Magdeburg |volume=17 |page=301}}</ref>. Otto I, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki na farko kuma wanda ya kafa Archdiocese na Magdeburg, an binne shi a babban cocin birnin bayan mutuwarsa<ref>{{cite web |title=Brandkatastrophen und deren Bedeutung für die Verbreitung gotischer Sakralarchitektur |url=http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/7156/1/Kremb_Das_Feuer_der_Erneuerung_2020.pdf |website=archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de |publisher=Jens Kremb|language=de |access-date=28 January 2023}}</ref>. Sigar Magdeburg ta dokar garin Jamus, wacce aka sani da haƙƙin Magdeburg, ta bazu ko'ina cikin Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Marigayi, Magdeburg ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen Jamus kuma mafi wadata kuma sanannen memba na Hanseatic League. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane daga birnin shine Otto von Guericke, wanda ya shahara da gwaje-gwajen da ya yi da yankin Magdeburg. Magdeburg ta fuskanci manyan barna uku a tarihinta. A shekara ta 1207 musiba ta farko ta afku a birnin, inda wata gobara ta kona manyan sassan birnin, ciki har da babban cocin Ottoniya. Kungiyar Katolika ta kori Magdeburg a cikin 1631, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar 25,000 wadanda ba mayaƙa ba, asarar mafi girma na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a birnin a shekara ta 1945 tare da lalata yawancin tsakiyar birnin. Yayi gomna shekara ta 2022 . {{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Aerial view of Magdeburg.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg File:ViewOfMagdeburg.jpg|ViewOfMagdeburg File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 11.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_11 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 09.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_09 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 11.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_11 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 12.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_12 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 06.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_06 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 14.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_14 File:Aerial view of Magdeburg, seen from Buckau 07.jpg|Aerial_view_of_Magdeburg,_seen_from_Buckau_07 File:Magdeburg, Kirche Jakobstr. - 098.26.jpg|Magdeburg,_Kirche_Jakobstr._-_098.26 </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 7o5n5bvzwrhfsa67mx8ccjsgt4v1z2a Chemnitz 0 55251 891408 641505 2026-08-04T17:41:51Z Baffa ali 47435 891408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chemnitz''' birni ne na uku mafi girma a cikin jihar Saxgony ta [[Jamus]] bayan [[Leipzig]]. da Dresden. Shi ne birni na biyar mafi girma a yankin tsohuwar Jamus ta Gabas bayan (Gabas) Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden da Halle. Garin wani yanki ne na Yankin Babban Birni na [[Jamus]] ta Tsakiya, kuma yana tsakiyar jerin biranen da ke zaune a cikin yankin arewa mai yawan jama'a na tsaunukan Elster da Ore, wanda ya tashi daga Plauen a kudu maso yamma ta hanyar Zwickau, Chemnitz da Freiberg zuwa Dresden. arewa maso gabas<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=Chemnitz: Kulturhauptstadt mit Hindernissen|url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/chemnitz-kulturhauptstadt-101.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-21|website=tagesschau.de|language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111151937/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/chemnitz-kulturhauptstadt-101.html |archive-date=11 January 2021 }}</ref>. Wanda a kalla ya wan mutanen ya kimanin mutane 250,681 . {{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Chemnitz-Hotel-Kongress.jpg|Hotel Mercure (left) File:Rathaeuser_in_Chemnitz.jpg|City Halls File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-N1006-0004,_Chemnitz,_Stadthalle,_%22Roter_Turm%22.jpg|"Roter Turm" a 1974, Hotel Kongres (yanzu Mercure) da cibiyar jama'a File:Karl_Marx_memorial.jpg|Abin tunawa na Karl Marx ("Nichel"), Chemnitz File:Opernhaus_Chemnitz_abends.jpg|Dakin wasan kwaikwayo na abends, Chemnitz File:Flug Dortmund–Timișoara 09 Chemnitz.jpg|Flug_Dortmund–Timișoara_09_Chemnitz File:19710918030NR Karl-Marx-Stadt UdSSR-Kosmosausstellung.jpg|19710918030NR_Karl-Marx-Stadt_UdSSR-Kosmosausstellung File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-73766-0004, Karl-Marx-Stadt, II. FDGB-Arbeiterfestspiele, Eröffnung.jpg|Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-73766-0004,_Karl-Marx-Stadt,_II._FDGB-Arbeiterfestspiele,_Eröffnung File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-73271-0001, Karl-Marx-Stadt, II. FDGB-Arbeiterfestspiele, Bau Freilichtbühne.jpg|Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-73271-0001,_Karl-Marx-Stadt,_II._FDGB-Arbeiterfestspiele,_Bau_Freilichtbühne File:Chemnitz, town square and townhalls.jpg|Chemnitz,_town_square_and_townhalls File:Chemnitz, Teilansicht Neues Rathaus, Turm des Alten Rathauses.JPG|Chemnitz,_Teilansicht_Neues_Rathaus,_Turm_des_Alten_Rathauses File:Chemnitz Neues Rathaus.JPEG|Chemnitz_Neues_Rathaus File:Chemnitz, das Neue Rathaus.JPG|Chemnitz,_das_Neue_Rathaus </gallery> ==Manazarta== [[Category: Biranen Jamus]] e1lt3m6wxkfhnhjwm8hiheu14sf3gfa Ekom, Etinan 0 56077 891322 431578 2026-08-04T12:19:29Z Baffa ali 47435 891322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ekom''' ƙauye ne acikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Etinan]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]]. Kananan hukumomin a Najeriya:Etinan . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 532aw8peskh9xle29aggrd0gam1r7sy Eyo Nsek 0 56161 891615 363757 2026-08-05T08:09:31Z Baffa ali 47435 891615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eyo Nsek''' ƙauyen [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] ne a ƙaramar hukumar [[Udung-Uko|Udung Uko]][[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]], [[Najeriya]]. Akwai iri na,sashen gudanar wa .{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} e4dgyllwsntbbnfxane4zgpdg9aa8gx Bakana 0 56171 891315 453589 2026-08-04T12:05:12Z Baffa ali 47435 891315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bakana''' gari ne, a [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. Yana daya daga cikin manyan garuruwan mutanen kalabari, dake cikin [[Degema|karamar hukumar Degema]] ta [[Jihar Rivers|jihar Ribas]]. Kananan hukumomin a Najeriya: degema.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 7z2ssk8fid7fbmtzo3jqk1jqif843hv Ikot Udota 0 56287 891483 367144 2026-08-04T21:10:13Z Baffa ali 47435 891483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ikot Udota''' ƙauye ne dake cikin [[Eket|ƙaramar hukumar Eket]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa]] Wannan karamar hukuma ce ta Akwa ibom akasar Najeriya .{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2n6p9gk0sskixljy9ci8g7f1blhz4xt Lissam 0 56311 891486 433363 2026-08-04T21:17:37Z Baffa ali 47435 891486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lissam''' hedikwatar [[Ussa|karamar hukumar Ussa]] ce a [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] yankin Middle Belt [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]]Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 671. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== toxvq2ndm4yo32shzhs8agw0hnjomrz New Karu 0 56339 891401 410519 2026-08-04T17:17:32Z Baffa ali 47435 891401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''New Karu''' hedikwatar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Karu|Karu a]] [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]]. Yana daya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan da suka kunshi babban birni na Karu a jihar Nasarawa wanda taro ne da ya kunshi garuruwa da kauyukan da ke kan hanyar [[Keffi]] zuwa [[Abuja]] wanda ya hada da Nyanya- Masala. Manyan garuruwan da suka kunshi wannan yanki na birane su ne; a jahohin Najeriya tana a jahar nasarawa . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 86wb4hpgdje2gg6hutwm63uo1s8l9o7 Nohsa 0 57127 891480 342198 2026-08-04T21:05:36Z Baffa ali 47435 891480 wikitext text/x-wiki Tana a kasar India a yakin bihar{{Databox}} {{stub}} Gari ne da yake a Yankin Patna dake a karkashin jahar Bihar a kasar indiya. Akidayar shekarar 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 16,680. ==Manazarta== 4prhaaubo3tncg8zxyu2rrv87o89vne Filippo Melegoni 0 57480 891319 492562 2026-08-04T12:14:07Z Baffa ali 47435 891319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Filippo Melegoni 2018.jpg|thumb|dan wasan kwallon kafa]] '''Filippo Melegoni,''' (an haife shi 18 ga watan Fabrairu 1999) .ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar [[Italiya]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar First Division A Belgian Standard Liège, a kan aro daga Genoa.A kasar sa yana daya daga cikin danwasa wanda tauraruwar sa take juyawa. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1999]] s4kp5oh71hn73e6itnoi9nfg61pg970 Oke Ila 0 58547 891621 313144 2026-08-05T08:26:09Z Baffa ali 47435 891621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} '''Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Òkè-Ìlá''' )tsohon birni ne a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda ya kasance babban birnin tsakiyar shekarun Igbomina - birnin [[Yarbawa]] mai suna iri ɗaya. Òkè-Ìlá birni ne,da ke a [[Osun|yankin Ọs &#x323; un Jiha]],[[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] .Tana a yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar [[Kasar Yarbawa|Yarbawa]] a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.Birnin Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún (da masarauta ƴar uwar)[[Ila (Nijeriya)|Ìlá Òràngún]] yana kusa da shi{{Convert|12|km|mi}} zuwa arewa maso gabas,raƙuman arewa masu tasowa da kwazazzabo na Oke-Ila Quartzites. A halin yanzu Òkè-Ìlá Òràngún babban birnin [[Ifedayo|karamar hukumar Ifedayo]] ne a jihar Ọsun.Sakatariyar karamar hukumar Ifedayo (karamar hukumar)tana wajen arewacin garin.Ana gudanar da harkokin gudanarwar manyan garuruwan biyu da wasu kananan garuruwa da kauyuka daga Sakatariyar karamar hukumar Ifedayo. Babban sarkin garin shine Oba (Dr.)Adedokun Abolarin,Òràngún na Òkè-Ìlá (Aroyinkeye 1).Ya kasance lauya kafin a nada shi a matsayin sarkin gargajiya na garin. Kwalejin Abolarin,daya daga cikin fitattun makarantun garin mallakarsa ne. Ya kasance a yanki na lokaci:UTC+01:00 == Wuri == Òkè-Ilá Òràngún is a Jihar Osun,a wani tsawo na {{Convert|1863|ft|m}}a daya daga cikin tsaunukan da ke daura da gabar gabas na [[Oke-Ila Ridge]],wani yanki na [[Yoruba Hills|tsaunin Yarabawa]] .Òkè-Ilá Òràngún yana da nisan {{Convert|190|km}}kai tsaye yammacin mashigar Kogin [[Neja (kogi)|Neja]] da [[Benue (kogi)|Benue]] a [[Lokoja]] da kimanin {{Convert|45|km}}arewa maso gabashin [[Osogbo]],babban birnin jihar Osun.Kusan {{Convert|240|km}}ne arewa maso gabashin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] tare da [[Ibadan]] da misalin tsakar dare.Kusan {{Convert|160|km|-1}} ne kudu maso gabas na tsohon birnin Oyo (Oyo-Ile ko [[Masarautar Oyo|Old Oyo]] )da kuma kusan {{Convert|130|km}} gabas na zamani [[Oyo (birni)|Oyo]] (Ago d'Oyo).Yana da {{Convert|65|km}} arewa maso gabas da tsohon birnin [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]],kimanin {{Convert|95|km|-1}} kudu maso gabas na tsohon birnin Yarbawa na [[Ilorin]] da kuma kimanin {{Convert|190|km}}arewa maso yammacin [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|birnin Benin]] (mafi kyau Bini ko Ibini)babban birnin [[masarautar Benin]] . bawrk35b8wqbgo8aq4pp73gowq35364 Bikin Pategi Regatta 0 58562 891331 313226 2026-08-04T13:14:33Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Nassoshi */ 891331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Patigi Regatta''' an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1949 amman bikin ya fara gudana a 1952. Taron kwale-kwale ne na [[Masarautar Pategi]] a Najeriya wanda ke nuna tseren kwale-kwale, kamun kifi da ninkaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYouAQAAIAAJ|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival: its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:River_Patigi_01.jpg|thumb| [[Masarautar Pategi|Pategi Emirate]] River, Boating festival, ragatta]] [[File:River_Patigi_03.jpg|thumb| [[Pategi]] ragatta boating junction]] == Tarihi == [[File:River_Patigi_02.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kogin Patigi]] An gudanar da bikin ne a bakin [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] a bakin [[tekun Patigi]] wanda shugaban majalisar pategi Ahman Pategi da Etsu Umaru Bologi I, suka kafa a shekarar 1950. Bikin asali ne, na tarihi da yawon shakatawa wanda taron farko ya faru a 1952. Bikin ya ƙunshi mazauna bakin kogin [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], har wayau taron ya ƙunshi tseren kwale-kwale a Gbaradogi na gabar kogin yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Patigi-Regatta-Festival-Kwara.html|title=Patigi Regatta Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su:Festivals+Nigeria+Pategi.&qt=hot_subject|title=Results for 'su:Festivals Nigeria Pategi.' [WorldCat.org]|website=www.worldcat.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idress|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/44514372|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Ibadan : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=English}}</ref> A cikin 1920, mazauna a tafkin da bakin kogin sun zauna a can saboda dalilai daban-daban, na ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi koguna a matsayin wurin ibada kamar Gbafu na Gazun a kasuwar [[Pategi]]. Wasu daga cikin kwale-kwalen a lokacin ibada ba sa motsi kuma a tsakiyar gabar kogin Osun da kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] na [[Misra|kasar Masar]], inda ake samun wuraren tarukan ibada. Kogunan al’ummar Nupe kakanni ne suka kafa [[River Kempe|kogin Kempe]], kogin Neja da [[Kaduna (kogi)|kogin Kaduna]] wanda ƴan kasuwa suke zaunawa su huta kamar Muregi, Sunkuso, Sunlati, Nupeko da Pang Ellah a Nijar, Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka ta fannin kamun kifi., nutsewa don samun babban kifi, ƙawance da fahimta tare da irin wasan tseren dawaki da aka fi sani da [[Durbar|Dubar]] a hade a cikin regatta na gargajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kawo fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a cikin mutanen Nupe da kuma abin da kabilanci ke bayyana harsuna. Yawancin mazauna wurin suna amfani da jirgin a matsayin amfani wurin jigilar kaya tare. Wurin ne cibiyar yawon shakatawa sabanin cibiyar al'adu, regatta Motel da Regatta Pavilion. Sakamakon gazawar da aka yi a cikin shekaru da dama, a shekarar 2004 Gwamnan Kwara [[Bukola Saraki|Abuakar Bukola Saraki]] ya kafa wani sabon kwamiti a Regatta saboda mantuwa da mutuwar bikin da kuma irinsa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=18702|title=Opinion: Reviving Patigi Regatta for tourist attraction. By Alhassan Aminu {{!}} Ilorin, Kwara News|website=www.ilorin.info|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4100387|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950 /|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|location=Ibadan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=IDREES|first=Aliyu A.|date=1988|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : Its Origin, Historical Significance and Tourism Prospects|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=147|issue=3|pages=63–70|doi=10.3917/presa.147.0063|jstor=24351632|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> == Manazarta == b9wf8bbq4zdie1f0hlcp0ka6wxqts4m 891334 891331 2026-08-04T13:16:31Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Tarihi */ 891334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Patigi Regatta''' an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1949 amman bikin ya fara gudana a 1952. Taron kwale-kwale ne na [[Masarautar Pategi]] a Najeriya wanda ke nuna tseren kwale-kwale, kamun kifi da ninkaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYouAQAAIAAJ|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival: its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:River_Patigi_01.jpg|thumb| [[Masarautar Pategi|Pategi Emirate]] River, Boating festival, ragatta]] [[File:River_Patigi_03.jpg|thumb| [[Pategi]] ragatta boating junction]] == Tarihi == [[File:River_Patigi_02.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kogin Patigi]] An gudanar da bikin ne a bakin [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] a bakin [[tekun Patigi]] wanda shugaban majalisar pategi Ahman Pategi da Etsu Umaru Bologi I, suka kafa a shekarar 1950. Bikin asali ne, na tarihi da yawon shakatawa wanda taron farko ya faru a 1952. Bikin ya ƙunshi mazauna bakin kogin [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], har wayau taron ya ƙunshi tseren kwale-kwale a Gbaradogi na gabar kogin yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Patigi-Regatta-Festival-Kwara.html|title=Patigi Regatta Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su:Festivals+Nigeria+Pategi.&qt=hot_subject|title=Results for 'su:Festivals Nigeria Pategi.' [WorldCat.org]|website=www.worldcat.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idress|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/44514372|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Ibadan : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=English}}</ref> A cikin 1920, mazauna a tafkin da bakin kogin sun zauna a can saboda dalilai daban-daban, na ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi koguna a matsayin wurin ibada kamar Gbafu na Gazun a kasuwar [[Pategi]]. Wasu daga cikin kwale-kwalen a lokacin ibada ba sa motsi kuma a tsakiyar gabar kogin Osun da kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] na [[Misra|kasar Masar]], inda ake samun wuraren tarukan ibada. Kogunan al’ummar Nupe kakanni ne suka kafa [[River Kempe|kogin Kempe]], kogin Neja da [[Kaduna (kogi)|kogin Kaduna]] wanda ƴan kasuwa suke zaunawa su huta kamar Muregi, Sunkuso, Sunlati, Nupeko da Pang Ellah a Nijar, Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka ta fannin kamun kifi., nutsewa don samun babban kifi, ƙawance da fahimta tare da irin wasan tseren dawaki da aka fi sani da [[Durbar|Dubar]] a hade a cikin regatta na gargajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kawo fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a cikin mutanen Nupe da kuma abin da kabilanci ke bayyana harsuna. Yawancin mazauna wurin suna amfani da jirgin a matsayin amfani wurin jigilar kaya tare. Wurin ne cibiyar yawon shakatawa sabanin cibiyar al'adu, regatta Motel da Regatta Pavilion. Sakamakon gazawar da aka yi a cikin shekaru da dama, a shekarar 2004 Gwamnan Kwara [[Bukola Saraki|Abuakar Bukola Saraki]] ya kafa wani sabon kwamiti a Regatta saboda mantuwa da mutuwar bikin da kuma irinsa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=18702|title=Opinion: Reviving Patigi Regatta for tourist attraction. By Alhassan Aminu {{!}} Ilorin, Kwara News|website=www.ilorin.info|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4100387|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950 /|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|location=Ibadan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=IDREES|first=Aliyu A.|date=1988|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : Its Origin, Historical Significance and Tourism Prospects|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=147|issue=3|pages=63–70|doi=10.3917/presa.147.0063|jstor=24351632|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> Ana gudanar da bikin ne a Patigi Beach, wani yanki da ke bakin Kogin Neja (Niger River), wanda ya shahara saboda dacewarsa da tseren kwale-kwale da kuma gudanar da wasannin al'adu. Tekun bakin kogin ne ke zama babban wurin gudanar da gasar tseren kwale-kwale, nunin al'adu, da tarukan jama'a a lokacin bikin. == Manazarta == 1vuwfmv3g9c3qseufgp9ba1gpkku9hy 891336 891334 2026-08-04T13:17:06Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Tarihi */ 891336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Patigi Regatta''' an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1949 amman bikin ya fara gudana a 1952. Taron kwale-kwale ne na [[Masarautar Pategi]] a Najeriya wanda ke nuna tseren kwale-kwale, kamun kifi da ninkaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYouAQAAIAAJ|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival: its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:River_Patigi_01.jpg|thumb| [[Masarautar Pategi|Pategi Emirate]] River, Boating festival, ragatta]] [[File:River_Patigi_03.jpg|thumb| [[Pategi]] ragatta boating junction]] == Tarihi == [[File:River_Patigi_02.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kogin Patigi]] An gudanar da bikin ne a bakin [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] a bakin [[tekun Patigi]] wanda shugaban majalisar pategi Ahman Pategi da Etsu Umaru Bologi I, suka kafa a shekarar 1950. Bikin asali ne, na tarihi da yawon shakatawa wanda taron farko ya faru a 1952. Bikin ya ƙunshi mazauna bakin kogin [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], har wayau taron ya ƙunshi tseren kwale-kwale a Gbaradogi na gabar kogin yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Patigi-Regatta-Festival-Kwara.html|title=Patigi Regatta Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su:Festivals+Nigeria+Pategi.&qt=hot_subject|title=Results for 'su:Festivals Nigeria Pategi.' [WorldCat.org]|website=www.worldcat.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idress|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/44514372|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Ibadan : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=English}}</ref> A cikin 1920, mazauna a tafkin da bakin kogin sun zauna a can saboda dalilai daban-daban, na ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi koguna a matsayin wurin ibada kamar Gbafu na Gazun a kasuwar [[Pategi]]. Wasu daga cikin kwale-kwalen a lokacin ibada ba sa motsi kuma a tsakiyar gabar kogin Osun da kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] na [[Misra|kasar Masar]], inda ake samun wuraren tarukan ibada. Kogunan al’ummar Nupe kakanni ne suka kafa [[River Kempe|kogin Kempe]], kogin Neja da [[Kaduna (kogi)|kogin Kaduna]] wanda ƴan kasuwa suke zaunawa su huta kamar Muregi, Sunkuso, Sunlati, Nupeko da Pang Ellah a Nijar, Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka ta fannin kamun kifi., nutsewa don samun babban kifi, ƙawance da fahimta tare da irin wasan tseren dawaki da aka fi sani da [[Durbar|Dubar]] a hade a cikin regatta na gargajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kawo fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a cikin mutanen Nupe da kuma abin da kabilanci ke bayyana harsuna. Yawancin mazauna wurin suna amfani da jirgin a matsayin amfani wurin jigilar kaya tare. Wurin ne cibiyar yawon shakatawa sabanin cibiyar al'adu, regatta Motel da Regatta Pavilion. Sakamakon gazawar da aka yi a cikin shekaru da dama, a shekarar 2004 Gwamnan Kwara [[Bukola Saraki|Abuakar Bukola Saraki]] ya kafa wani sabon kwamiti a Regatta saboda mantuwa da mutuwar bikin da kuma irinsa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=18702|title=Opinion: Reviving Patigi Regatta for tourist attraction. By Alhassan Aminu {{!}} Ilorin, Kwara News|website=www.ilorin.info|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4100387|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950 /|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|location=Ibadan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=IDREES|first=Aliyu A.|date=1988|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : Its Origin, Historical Significance and Tourism Prospects|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=147|issue=3|pages=63–70|doi=10.3917/presa.147.0063|jstor=24351632|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> ==Guri== Ana gudanar da bikin ne a Patigi Beach, wani yanki da ke bakin Kogin Neja (Niger River), wanda ya shahara saboda dacewarsa da tseren kwale-kwale da kuma gudanar da wasannin al'adu. Tekun bakin kogin ne ke zama babban wurin gudanar da gasar tseren kwale-kwale, nunin al'adu, da tarukan jama'a a lokacin bikin. == Manazarta == q4ov3mj3jgxwspgpmtpkhhhg19vom2y 891340 891336 2026-08-04T13:19:18Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Guri */ 891340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Patigi Regatta''' an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1949 amman bikin ya fara gudana a 1952. Taron kwale-kwale ne na [[Masarautar Pategi]] a Najeriya wanda ke nuna tseren kwale-kwale, kamun kifi da ninkaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYouAQAAIAAJ|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival: its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:River_Patigi_01.jpg|thumb| [[Masarautar Pategi|Pategi Emirate]] River, Boating festival, ragatta]] [[File:River_Patigi_03.jpg|thumb| [[Pategi]] ragatta boating junction]] == Tarihi == [[File:River_Patigi_02.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kogin Patigi]] An gudanar da bikin ne a bakin [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] a bakin [[tekun Patigi]] wanda shugaban majalisar pategi Ahman Pategi da Etsu Umaru Bologi I, suka kafa a shekarar 1950. Bikin asali ne, na tarihi da yawon shakatawa wanda taron farko ya faru a 1952. Bikin ya ƙunshi mazauna bakin kogin [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], har wayau taron ya ƙunshi tseren kwale-kwale a Gbaradogi na gabar kogin yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Patigi-Regatta-Festival-Kwara.html|title=Patigi Regatta Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su:Festivals+Nigeria+Pategi.&qt=hot_subject|title=Results for 'su:Festivals Nigeria Pategi.' [WorldCat.org]|website=www.worldcat.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idress|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/44514372|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Ibadan : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=English}}</ref> A cikin 1920, mazauna a tafkin da bakin kogin sun zauna a can saboda dalilai daban-daban, na ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi koguna a matsayin wurin ibada kamar Gbafu na Gazun a kasuwar [[Pategi]]. Wasu daga cikin kwale-kwalen a lokacin ibada ba sa motsi kuma a tsakiyar gabar kogin Osun da kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] na [[Misra|kasar Masar]], inda ake samun wuraren tarukan ibada. Kogunan al’ummar Nupe kakanni ne suka kafa [[River Kempe|kogin Kempe]], kogin Neja da [[Kaduna (kogi)|kogin Kaduna]] wanda ƴan kasuwa suke zaunawa su huta kamar Muregi, Sunkuso, Sunlati, Nupeko da Pang Ellah a Nijar, Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka ta fannin kamun kifi., nutsewa don samun babban kifi, ƙawance da fahimta tare da irin wasan tseren dawaki da aka fi sani da [[Durbar|Dubar]] a hade a cikin regatta na gargajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kawo fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a cikin mutanen Nupe da kuma abin da kabilanci ke bayyana harsuna. Yawancin mazauna wurin suna amfani da jirgin a matsayin amfani wurin jigilar kaya tare. Wurin ne cibiyar yawon shakatawa sabanin cibiyar al'adu, regatta Motel da Regatta Pavilion. Sakamakon gazawar da aka yi a cikin shekaru da dama, a shekarar 2004 Gwamnan Kwara [[Bukola Saraki|Abuakar Bukola Saraki]] ya kafa wani sabon kwamiti a Regatta saboda mantuwa da mutuwar bikin da kuma irinsa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=18702|title=Opinion: Reviving Patigi Regatta for tourist attraction. By Alhassan Aminu {{!}} Ilorin, Kwara News|website=www.ilorin.info|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4100387|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950 /|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|location=Ibadan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=IDREES|first=Aliyu A.|date=1988|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : Its Origin, Historical Significance and Tourism Prospects|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=147|issue=3|pages=63–70|doi=10.3917/presa.147.0063|jstor=24351632|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> ==Guri== Ana gudanar da bikin ne a Patigi Beach, wani yanki da ke bakin Kogin Neja (Niger River), wanda ya shahara saboda dacewarsa da tseren kwale-kwale da kuma gudanar da wasannin al'adu. Tekun bakin kogin ne ke zama babban wurin gudanar da gasar tseren kwale-kwale, nunin al'adu, da tarukan jama'a a lokacin bikin. == Ayyukan Bikin == Bikin Pategi Regatta Festival ya ƙunshi ayyukan gargajiya da na nishaɗi iri-iri, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Gasar tseren ƙananan kwale-kwale da manyan kwale-kwale Gasar kamun kifi da iyo Wasannin kiɗa da raye-rayen gargajiya Baje kolin 'yan bori (masquerade) da nunin al'adu Baje kolin sana'o'in hannu da gabatar da al'adun mutanen Nupe == Manazarta == ist4d9485r6uy62c6an7vupzydn2an3 891348 891340 2026-08-04T13:25:27Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Ayyukan Bikin */ 891348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Patigi Regatta''' an kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1949 amman bikin ya fara gudana a 1952. Taron kwale-kwale ne na [[Masarautar Pategi]] a Najeriya wanda ke nuna tseren kwale-kwale, kamun kifi da ninkaya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYouAQAAIAAJ|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival: its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=en}}</ref> [[File:River_Patigi_01.jpg|thumb| [[Masarautar Pategi|Pategi Emirate]] River, Boating festival, ragatta]] [[File:River_Patigi_03.jpg|thumb| [[Pategi]] ragatta boating junction]] == Tarihi == [[File:River_Patigi_02.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Kogin Patigi]] An gudanar da bikin ne a bakin [[Neja (kogi)|kogin Neja]] a bakin [[tekun Patigi]] wanda shugaban majalisar pategi Ahman Pategi da Etsu Umaru Bologi I, suka kafa a shekarar 1950. Bikin asali ne, na tarihi da yawon shakatawa wanda taron farko ya faru a 1952. Bikin ya ƙunshi mazauna bakin kogin [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], har wayau taron ya ƙunshi tseren kwale-kwale a Gbaradogi na gabar kogin yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kwara/Patigi-Regatta-Festival-Kwara.html|title=Patigi Regatta Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Kwara State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=su:Festivals+Nigeria+Pategi.&qt=hot_subject|title=Results for 'su:Festivals Nigeria Pategi.' [WorldCat.org]|website=www.worldcat.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idress|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/44514372|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950|date=1998|publisher=Ibadan : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|language=English}}</ref> A cikin 1920, mazauna a tafkin da bakin kogin sun zauna a can saboda dalilai daban-daban, na ɗaya daga cikinsu ya ƙunshi koguna a matsayin wurin ibada kamar Gbafu na Gazun a kasuwar [[Pategi]]. Wasu daga cikin kwale-kwalen a lokacin ibada ba sa motsi kuma a tsakiyar gabar kogin Osun da kogin [[Nil|Nilu]] na [[Misra|kasar Masar]], inda ake samun wuraren tarukan ibada. Kogunan al’ummar Nupe kakanni ne suka kafa [[River Kempe|kogin Kempe]], kogin Neja da [[Kaduna (kogi)|kogin Kaduna]] wanda ƴan kasuwa suke zaunawa su huta kamar Muregi, Sunkuso, Sunlati, Nupeko da Pang Ellah a Nijar, Kwara da Kogi suna da dangantaka ta fannin kamun kifi., nutsewa don samun babban kifi, ƙawance da fahimta tare da irin wasan tseren dawaki da aka fi sani da [[Durbar|Dubar]] a hade a cikin regatta na gargajiya. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kawo fahimtar juna da haɗin kai a cikin mutanen Nupe da kuma abin da kabilanci ke bayyana harsuna. Yawancin mazauna wurin suna amfani da jirgin a matsayin amfani wurin jigilar kaya tare. Wurin ne cibiyar yawon shakatawa sabanin cibiyar al'adu, regatta Motel da Regatta Pavilion. Sakamakon gazawar da aka yi a cikin shekaru da dama, a shekarar 2004 Gwamnan Kwara [[Bukola Saraki|Abuakar Bukola Saraki]] ya kafa wani sabon kwamiti a Regatta saboda mantuwa da mutuwar bikin da kuma irinsa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=18702|title=Opinion: Reviving Patigi Regatta for tourist attraction. By Alhassan Aminu {{!}} Ilorin, Kwara News|website=www.ilorin.info|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Idrees|first=Aliyu Alhaji|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4100387|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : its historical perspective since 1950 /|date=1998|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|isbn=978-978-31653-6-6|location=Ibadan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=IDREES|first=Aliyu A.|date=1988|title=The Patigi Regatta Festival : Its Origin, Historical Significance and Tourism Prospects|journal=Présence Africaine|volume=147|issue=3|pages=63–70|doi=10.3917/presa.147.0063|jstor=24351632|issn=0032-7638}}</ref> ==Guri== Ana gudanar da bikin ne a Patigi Beach, wani yanki da ke bakin Kogin Neja (Niger River), wanda ya shahara saboda dacewarsa da tseren kwale-kwale da kuma gudanar da wasannin al'adu. Tekun bakin kogin ne ke zama babban wurin gudanar da gasar tseren kwale-kwale, nunin al'adu, da tarukan jama'a a lokacin bikin. == Ayyukan Bikin == Bikin Pategi Regatta Festival ya ƙunshi ayyukan gargajiya da na nishaɗi iri-iri, waɗanda suka haɗa da: * Gasar tseren ƙananan kwale-kwale da manyan kwale-kwale * Gasar kamun kifi da iyo * Wasannin kiɗa da raye-rayen gargajiya * Baje kolin 'yan bori (masquerade) da nunin al'adu * Baje kolin sana'o'in hannu da gabatar da al'adun mutanen Nupe == Manazarta == s027a61ox1q606syncvsta0tcbj23s5 Felix Idubor 0 60941 891313 578343 2026-08-04T11:59:53Z Baffa ali 47435 891313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Felix Idubor''' (daga 1928 harzuwa 1991) ɗan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne daga [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|birnin Benin]], birni mai tarin tarihin fasaha. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar matasa masu fasaha a cikin shekara na1950s zuwa 1960s waɗanda suka wayar da kan wayar da kan jama'a game da sanin fasaha na al'adar Afirka a cikin yanayin zamantakewa da ke tasowa. Wani lokaci ana masa kallon daya daga cikin majagaba a fannin fasahar zamani a Najeriya. A cikin 1966, ya buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani na farko a Najeriya a titin Kakawa, a jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Ya yi nasara sosai a aikin sassaƙa kofa kuma an ba shi aikin sassaƙa kofofi ga fitattun kamfanoni da daidaikun mutane kamar ginin Bankin Cooperative da ke Ibadan da Majalisar Dokoki a Legas.<ref name=":0">Y. A. Grillo; Juliet Highet. 'Felix Idubor', African Arts, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Autumn, 1968), p. 34.</ref> == Kuruciya da ilimi == An haifi Felix Idubor ga dangin wani manomi a garin Benin. Ya fara sassaƙa tun yana ƙarami, amma ya fuskanci juriya daga mahaifinsa wanda ya ji sassaƙa ba zaɓin sana'a ba ne na kuɗi. Ya fara karatunsa ne a makarantar firamare a kasar Benin amma daga baya ya huta daga karatun ya mayar da hankali kan abin da ya ji shi ne zabin sana’arsa na dabi’a, wato sassaka. Zabinsa na fasaha na farko ya mayar da hankali ne kan tsuntsayen da aka sassaƙa da itace daga itacen Iroko waɗanda ke da yawa a Benin.<ref name=":0" /> Ya kuma yi amfani da itacen bishiyar iroko a matsayin kayan aiki a wasu ayyukan sassaƙa kuma ya yi nasara sosai a tafarkin da ya zaɓa. A lokacin yana dan shekara goma sha bakwai, an nada shi malami a Kwalejin Edo da ke Benin da karancin horo.<ref>Grillo and Highet p. 31.</ref> A karshen shekarun 1950, ya samu gurbin karatu a Royal College of Art da ke Landan bayan aikinsa ya samu karbuwa sosai a yayin wani nune-nunen da ya yi daidai da ziyarar Sarauniya Elizabeth a Najeriya. == Mai sassaka == Bayan kammala yakin duniya na biyu ya bar birnin Benin ya koma Legas. Duk da haka, Legas wadda a lokacin ita ce wurin gwamnati kuma ta kasance cibiyar tattalin arziki da kasuwanci mai tasowa mai inganci. Don kare kansa, Idubor ya koma yin sana’ar yawon bude ido don siyar da ’yan kasuwa na Afirka da masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje yayin da kuma ya sami lokacin da zai kula da fasahar zane-zane da kuma hangen nesa na musamman na sassaka itace.<ref>Grillo and Highet p 31.</ref> Ko da yake, a wasu lokutan wasu suna kiran salon fasahar yawon buɗe ido na Afirka abin da ke da ban sha'awa, shaharar masu yawon bude ido da ƙoƙarin da aka yi wajen horarwa da yin sana'ar ya ƙarfafa tattara ayyukan fasaha na Afirka. A shekarar 1953, Idubor ya samu damar gudanar da wani baje kolin kayayyakin fasahar katako a cibiyar baje kolin ta Najeriya. Nunin ya ba shi hangen nesa da fallasa; wasu 'yan ayyukansa 'yan karban Amurka ne suka saya. Har ila yau, aikinsa ya jawo hankali sosai. Sai dai kuma wani baje koli ne da gwamnan-janar na Najeriya, James Robertson ya bude wanda ya yi daidai da ziyarar Sarauniya Elizabeth wanda ya kara masa haske. Cikin kyautar da aka baiwa sarauniya akwai wani sassaka itace na Idubor. A lokacin da ya dace, daga baya ya zama malami a wata kwaleji a Yaba kuma aka ba shi guraben karatu a Landan. == Zanen kofa == Bayan ya dawo daga Landan, an ba shi babban aikin sa na farko, na zana kofa ga sabon ginin bankin hadin gwiwa da ke Ibadan. Mai zanen gine-ginen da ya shigo da shi aikin ginin ya zabi Idubor ne saboda dandanonsa da basirar sassaka. Idubor ya zabi zanen amfanin gona guda uku da aka sassaka da itace, amfanin gonakin ukun na nuni da manyan yankuna uku na Najeriya. 'Ya'yan itacen dabino na yankin Gabas, koko ga yankin Yamma da gyada ga yankin Arewa. An karɓo sassaƙan da kyau kuma an ƙara buɗe hanyoyin ga sababbin abokan ciniki waɗanda suka yaba da aikinsa. Daga baya ya yi aiki da ofishin Oba na Legas kan aikin sassaka katako na kofar fada da kuma majalisar dokokin Najeriya. == Sauran ayyuka == Ya kuma yi nasara a wasu abubuwan da suka shafi kayan aiki sannan kuma ya yi gwaji da sculptors na tagulla da simintin gyare-gyare.<ref>CAROL MAGEE. Idubor, Felix, Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed on June 21, 2007.</ref>[4] An baje kolin sassaken da ya yi wa wata ‘yar Yarbawa a dakin taro na Nigerian House da ke Landan kuma an rataye wasu daga cikin ayyukansa na ado a bangon babban dakin taro na kasa da ke Legas. Ayyukansa na ban mamaki da ke nuna mace mai rawani da ƙwanƙolin murjani a kan titin zobe, Benin tsayin daka ne wanda ya mamaye babbar hanyar.<ref>The Benin Centenary, Part 2, Autumn, 1997. p 63.</ref> A shekarar 1966, ya bude gallery dinsa a kan titin Kakawa, Legas.{{Stub}}{{Stub}}{{Stub}}{{Stub}}{{Stub}}{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1928]] f1rg46sukf7x2z80f05mmmrw6u62he4 Thomas Tuchel 0 64619 891622 664665 2026-08-05T08:30:54Z Baffa ali 47435 891622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2019-07-17 SG Dynamo Dresden vs. Paris Saint-Germain by Sandro Halank–175.jpg|thumb|Thomas Tuchel]] [[Fayil:Thomas Tuchel.jpg|thumb|Thomas Tuchel]] [[Fayil:Thomas Tuchel Chelsea.jpg|thumb|Thomas Tuchel]] '''Thomas Tuchel''' (an haifeshi ranar ashirin da tara ga watan Agusta, shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da ukwu(1973) ƙwararren manajan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne kuma tsohon ɗan wasa wanda shine babban kocin ƙungiyar Bundesliga '''Bayern Munich'''.<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/thomas-tuchel/stationen/trainer/7471/plus/1</ref> Ana yi masa kallon mai dabara a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa na zamani kuma ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masu horarwa a [[duniya]].<ref>https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/thomas-tuchel-chelsea-manager-made-in-germany-champions-league-psg-dortmund-5732</ref><ref>https://www.planetsport.com/soccer/thomas-tuchel</ref> shekarun da yadauka sune Kamar haka :daga 1992 harzuwa 1998 . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1973]] aok4hirm3z9kyl6d6rpc493ghjhtwf9 William Osula 0 64655 891405 422759 2026-08-04T17:30:40Z Baffa ali 47435 891405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''William Idamudia Daugaard Osula''' (an haife shi aranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba don ƙungiyar Premier League Sheffield United. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category: Haifaffun 2003]] midnl1baeoxoszw3myiq0d1yy4z950s Günter Heimbeck 0 65490 891570 359497 2026-08-05T05:02:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Günter Heimbeck''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan watan Yuni1946 a Gunzenhausen, [[Jamus]]) German–Namibian mai ritaya farfesa a fannin lissafi. Sha'awar bincikensa na musamman shine ilimin lissafi; An sanya masa suna [[Heimbeck Plane|Heimbeck Planes]]. Heimbeck mai yiwuwa shi ne na farko kuma kawai masanin [[Namibiya]] da ke da tsarin ilimin kimiyya wanda ke ɗauke da sunansa.<ref name="Nam">{{cite news |url = http://www.namibian.com.na/letters/full-story/archive/2011/december/article/heimbeck-shouldnt-beg-to-teach/ |title = Heimbeck Shouldn't Beg To Teach |last = Kamupingene |first = Alfred |date = 2 December 2011 |newspaper = [[The Namibian]] |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120612095454/http://www.namibian.com.na/letters/full-story/archive/2011/december/article/heimbeck-shouldnt-beg-to-teach/ |archivedate = 12 June 2012 }}</ref> Heimbeck ya yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar Würzburg daga shekarun 1965. Ya kammala digirinsa na uku a shekarar 1974, sannan ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1981.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgiTQUcE21UC&q=%22G%C3%BCnter+Heimbeck%22&pg=PA202 |title=African doctorates in mathematics: a catalogue |last=Gerdes |first=Paulus |year=2007 |publisher=Lulu.com |page=202 |isbn=9781430318675 |accessdate=4 December 2011}}</ref> Sannan ya zama lecturer a makaranta. A cikin shekarar 1985 Heimbeck ya yi hijira zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda ya koyar a Jami'ar Witwatersrand a [[Johannesburg]]. A cikin shekarar 1987 ya sami digiri na Farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar [[Namibiya|Namibia]]. Heimbeck mai ba da shawara ne ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta [[Namibiya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unam.na/faculties/science/Staff%20Profiles/Heimbeck-Gunter.html |title=Staff profiles: Faculty of Science |publisher=University of Namibia |accessdate=4 December 2011 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405112125/http://www.unam.na/faculties/science/Staff%20Profiles/Heimbeck-Gunter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1946]] qssaga9ta5t10j8sptrs4jv2y15or4b Kajdacs 0 66992 891521 510202 2026-08-04T22:13:25Z Baffa ali 47435 891521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:HUN Kajdacs COA.svg|thumb]] '''Kajdacs''' ƙauye ne a gundumar Tolna, Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.terkepcentrum.hu/index.asp?go=map&tid=14100 |access-date=2024-01-14 |archive-date=2011-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516121432/http://www.terkepcentrum.hu/index.asp?go=map&tid=14100 |url-status=dead }}</ref> hallau dai cigaba da amfanida lambar aika sako 7051. {{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} kwwqxab7n55juznv648je35g4oou7my Eflex9ja 0 68248 891317 700745 2026-08-04T12:07:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Eflex9ja_Official_Logo.png|thumb| Eflex9ja Mai jarida]] [[Fayil:Eflex9ja Official Logo.png|thumb|Tambari Eflex9ja]] '''EFLEX9JA''' kafar yada labarai ce ta yanar gizo da aka kaddamar a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2018 tare da hedkwatar ta a [[Jalingo]], [[Jahar Taraba|Jihar Taraba]], [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] . An saita dandalin don isar da sabbin kade-kade, bidiyo, abubuwan nishadantarwa, siyasa da abubuwan labarai a kullum ga masu kallo. Marubucin ya fito daga [[UNGUWAR KONA|unguwar kona]] == Tarihi == Eflex9ja ya fara bugawa ta kan layi da aiki a cikin 2018 tare da marubuta biyu waɗanda suka raba taron labarai da aikin gyarawa. Waɗannan marubutan sun haɗa da Jassen Japheth Gaddiun da [https://twitter.com/JobSehero Ayuba Sehero], wanda aka sani a halin yanzu a matsayin Holysinger. == Karin Karatu == # [https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/code-of-conduct.html Ka'idar aiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101023/https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/code-of-conduct.html |date=2024-02-01 }} # [https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/promotion.html Tuntuɓi da Bayanan Talla] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101024/https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/promotion.html |date=2024-02-01 }} # [https://radiomhz.com/radio/eflex9ja-fm-474955_nigeria Gidan Rediyo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101022/https://radiomhz.com/radio/eflex9ja-fm-474955_nigeria |date=2024-02-01 }} == Magana == {{Cite web|last=Radio|first=MHz|date=2018|title=🔴LIVE - Eflex9ja FM Radio Online {{!}} Lagos|url=https://radiomhz.com/radio/eflex9ja-fm-474955_nigeria|access-date=2024-02-01|website=radiomhz.com|archive-date=2024-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101022/https://radiomhz.com/radio/eflex9ja-fm-474955_nigeria|url-status=dead}} {{Cite web|last=Jassen|first=Japheth|date=2018|title=About Us|url=https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/about-us.html|access-date=2024-02-01|website=eflex9ja TV {{!}}{{!}} Nigeria's InfoTainment Hub|language=en-gb|archive-date=2024-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101022/https://www.eflex9ja.com.ng/p/about-us.html|url-status=dead}} {{Cite web|last=Jassen|first=Japheth|date=2019|title=Jassen Japheth G {{!}} Portfolio|url=https://jayjassentech.github.io/|access-date=2024-01-25|website=jayjassentech.github.io}} {{Cite web|last=AruwaAbubakar|last2=Abubakar|first2=Aruwa Ibrahim|date=2020-07-23|title=E-News! CEO Eflex9ja Media Celebrates Taraba State Famous Rapper 'King Fresh Eltopzy' @28th Birthday {{!}}{{!}} Aruwaab9ja|url=http://www.aruwaab9ja.com.ng/2020/07/e-new-ceo-eflex9ja-media-celebrates.html|access-date=2024-02-01|website=Aruwa_Ab 9ja Blog|language=English|archive-date=2024-02-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201101024/https://www.aruwaab9ja.com.ng/2020/07/e-new-ceo-eflex9ja-media-celebrates.html|url-status=dead}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Nijeriya]] [[Category:Nishadi]] c8xxdmu0slsbrh5ewma7itdgx6ud2o7 A Naija Christmas 0 68835 891435 885616 2026-08-04T19:05:14Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359096140|A Naija Christmas]]" 891435 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2021 |website=Meaww}}</ref> Shi ne fim na Kirsimeti na farko na Najeriya a kan Netflix . == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 1gkvh0yujw0c95zaya9gm4hr2pg5teg 891437 891435 2026-08-04T19:06:54Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2021 |website=Meaww}}</ref> Shi ne fim na Kirsimeti na farko na Najeriya a kan Netflix . == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} j0r0n1wa9ytkv3d9rv3ni8ndja7i2ud 891438 891437 2026-08-04T19:12:27Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2021 |website=Meaww}}</ref> Shi ne fim na Kirsimeti na farko == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 35ke6pdhewwhfvms4juigg0z3j33bwz 891439 891438 2026-08-04T19:13:06Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2021 |website=Meaww}}</ref == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} s4t3ar5j2949psyh40iwl4ndp5o49ss 891440 891439 2026-08-04T19:14:21Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |archive-date=December 16, 2021 |acce == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 9sndaimu025ij5k3qnt16ot06eo5d3x 891441 891440 2026-08-04T19:14:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 8xu5iv1mn717mbbf61it3rtfo9fvss8 891442 891441 2026-08-04T19:15:20Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216114856/https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review- == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} a6hatmysfumlhlu0df89cw6wq4q5bh0 891443 891442 2026-08-04T19:15:50Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family-film-that-shines-with-love |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.or == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} epu5n65uhar3jpkxznomqd08el28qyp 891444 891443 2026-08-04T19:16:22Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review-vibrant-wholesome-family- == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} g9hobwpgk0l3iisfv17oswvp5djow6l 891445 891444 2026-08-04T19:16:43Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a-naija-christmas-review- == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 0q3vm2uooek3tq7zphh3lw0l1i5jdjx 891446 891445 2026-08-04T19:17:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love |url=https://meaww.com/netflix-a == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 04aqr3cxldotjnsl2u66ovgnhox6l6t 891447 891446 2026-08-04T19:17:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome family film that shines with love == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} imhyuldvinojvxjigszq98exvcxr7km 891448 891447 2026-08-04T19:18:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' Review: Vibrant, wholesome == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} kffoj04wvdgoxlbttvuqbh45v98eexq 891449 891448 2026-08-04T19:18:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix 'A Naija Christmas' == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 662u9vig8plhfw1808zzmh6v9mx32ny 891450 891449 2026-08-04T19:18:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netflix == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} mfsa5mg2js60xciu7hqvegwo2le45zm 891451 891450 2026-08-04T19:19:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} lcpmio1t6efafzr6du7eutu3kn1nxzb 891452 891451 2026-08-04T19:19:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} jfskf96uawwlytkou168184swqsqkwv 891453 891452 2026-08-04T19:20:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 891453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''A Naija Kirsimeti''''' fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Kunle Afolayan]] ya jagoranta kuma [[Abayomi Alvin]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Efa Iwara]] da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a [[Netflix]] a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021. == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} jg6gvjh1aowqnwa7s031kp748jaodul On the Edge (2011 film) 0 70091 891373 879871 2026-08-04T14:12:44Z Hadi 13819 891373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''On the Edge''' ({{Lang-fr|Sur la planche}}) fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo ne na shekarar 2011 na Jamus-Maroko-Faransa wanda Leila Kilani ta jagoranta.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cannes.blog.lemonde.fr/2011/05/20/marocaines-enervees-sur-la-planche/ |title=Marocaines énervées sur la planche - Cannes - The bubble - Blog LeMonde.fr |website=cannes.blog.lemonde.fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522051900/http://cannes.blog.lemonde.fr/2011/05/20/marocaines-enervees-sur-la-planche/ |archive-date=2011-05-22}}</ref> An ba wa fim din lambar yabo ta SIGNIS a lokacin bikin fina-finai na Afirka na Cordoba na 2012.   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|1922733}} ocrrzsq8pmywzd0kqbmblzit43kl7vm Harsuna na Turai 0 71582 891616 731699 2026-08-05T08:13:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|none}} [[Fayil:Europe on the globe (red).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Indo-European languages (HY).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Image depicting competing theories of the development of the Proto-Indo-European language's voiced aspirates.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Languages of Europe.svg|alt=color-coded map of languages used throughout Europe|thumb|500x500px|A color-coded map of languages used throughout Europe.]] {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} Akwai harsuna sama da kimanin 250 na asali na Turai, kuma galibi suna cikin dangin harshen Indo-Turai. Daga cikin jimillar yawan jama'ar [[Turai]] kimanin miliyan 744 kamar na 2018, wasu 94% 'yan asalin harshen 0Indo-Turai ne. Manyan phyla uku mafi girma na dangin harshen Indo-Turai a Turai sune Romance, Jamusanci, da Slavic; suna da masu magana sama da miliyan 200 kowanne, kuma tare da kusan kashi 90% na mutanen Turai. Ƙananan phyla na Indo-Turai da aka samu a Turai sun hada da Hellenic (Girkanci, c. 13 miliyan), Baltic (kimanin miliyan 7), Albaniya (kimanin miliyan 5), Celtic (kimanin miliyan 4), da Armeniya (c. 4). miliyan). Indo-Aryan, ko da yake babban dangi ne na Indo-Turai, yana da ƙananan adadin harsuna a Turai, da ƙananan adadin masu magana (Romani, c. 1.5 miliyan). Koyaya, yawancin harsunan Indo-Aryan waɗanda ba na asali ba a Turai ana magana da su a Turai a yau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=European Day of Languages > Facts > Language Facts|url=https://edl.ecml.at/Facts/LanguageFacts/tabid/1859/language/en-GB/Default.aspx|access-date=2023-12-23|website=edl.ecml.at}}</ref> Daga cikin kusan turawa miliyan 45 da ke magana da yarukan da ba na Indo-Turai ba, yawancinsu suna magana da yarukan cikin dangin Uralic ko Turkawa. Har yanzu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi - irin su Basque (keɓanta harshe), harsunan Semitic (Maltese, miliyan 0.5), da harsuna daban-daban na Caucasus - suna da ƙasa da 1% na yawan jama'ar Turai a cikinsu. Shige da fice ya kara yawan al'ummomin masu magana da harsunan Afirka da Asiya, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 4% na yawan jama'a.,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title=International migrant stock: By destination and origin|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimatesorigin.shtml|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> tare da Larabci da aka fi magana da su. Harsuna biyar suna da fiye da masu magana da yaren asali miliyan 50 a Turai: Rashanci, Ingilishi, Faransanci, Italiyanci, da Jamusanci. Rashanci shine yaren asali da aka fi magana a Turai,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emery |first=Chad |date=2022-12-15 |title=34 of the Most Spoken Languages in Europe: Key Facts and Figures |url=https://www.langoly.com/most-spoken-languages-in-europe/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Langoly |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma Turanci yana da mafi yawan adadin masu magana a cikin duka, ciki har da wasu masu magana da Ingilishi miliyan 200 a matsayin harshe na biyu ko na waje. (Duba harshen Ingilishi a Turai.) == Harsunan Indo-Turai == {{See also|Indo-European languages|List of Indo-European languages}} Iyalin harshen Indo-Turai sun fito ne daga Proto-Indo-Turai, wanda aka yi imanin an yi magana da shi shekaru dubbai da suka wuce. Masu iya magana na farko na yaren Indo-Turai da alama sun faɗaɗa cikin Turai tare da farkon shekarun Bronze, kusan shekaru 4,000 da suka gabata (al'adun Bell-Beaker). === Germanic === [[File:Germanic languages in Europe.png|300px|thumb|right| The present-day distribution of the Germanic languages in Europe:{{parabreak}} North Germanic languages {{legend|#02FDFF|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]}} {{legend|#1FC5FC|[[Faroese language|Faroese]]}} {{legend|#0080FF|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]}} {{legend|#003F80|[[Swedish language|Swedish]]}} {{legend|#0433FF|[[Danish language|Danish]]}} West Germanic Languages {{legend|#FCA502|[[English language|English]]}} {{legend|#FD7B24|[[Scots language|Scots]]}} {{legend|#E2BD00|[[Frisian languages|Frisian]]}} {{legend|#FFF435|[[Dutch language|Dutch]]}} {{legend|#ADFF2F|[[Low German]]}} {{legend|#018000|[[High German]]}} Dots indicate areas where [[multilingualism]] is common.]] The [[Germanic languages]] make up the predominant language family in Western, [[Northern Europe|Northern]] and [[Central Europe]]. It is estimated that over 500 million Europeans are speakers of Germanic languages{{fact|date=January 2024}}, the largest groups being [[German-speaking Europe|German]] ({{circa}} 95 million), [[English language in Europe|English]] ({{circa}} 400 million){{fact|date=January 2024}}, [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ({{circa}} 24 million), [[Swedish language|Swedish]] ({{circa}} 10 million), [[Danish language|Danish]] ({{circa}} 6 million), [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ({{circa}} 5 million)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sipka |first=Danko |date=2022 |title=The Geography of Words |url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97811088/41658/index/9781108841658_index.pdf |access-date=December 23, 2023 |website=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> and [[Limburgish]] (c. 1.3 million).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} There are two extant major sub-divisions: ''[[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]'' and ''[[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]''. A third group, [[East Germanic languages|East Germanic]], is now extinct; the only known surviving East Germanic texts are written in the [[Gothic language]]. West Germanic is divided into [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]] (including [[English language|English]]), [[Low German]], [[Low Franconian languages|Low Franconian]] (including [[Dutch language|Dutch]]) and [[High German]] (including [[Standard German]]).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Versloot |first1=Arjen |last2=Adamczyk |first2=Elzbieta |date=2017-01-01 |title=The Geography and Dialects of Old Saxon: River-basin communication networks and the distributional patterns of North Sea Germanic features in Old Saxon |url=https://www.academia.edu/19757571 |journal=Frisians and Their North Sea Neighbours |pages=125}}</ref> ====Anglo-Frisian==== {{Main|Anglo-Frisian languages|English language in Europe}} The [[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian language family]] is now mostly represented by [[Anglic languages|English (Anglic)]], descended from the [[Old English language]] spoken by the [[Anglo-Saxons]]: * [[English language|English]], the main language of the [[United Kingdom]] and the most widespread language in the [[Republic of Ireland]], also spoken as a [[European English|second or third language by many Europeans]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Evolution of English: Contribution of European Languages |url=https://www.98thpercentile.com/blog/the-evolution-of-english-contributions-of-european-languages/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=www.98thpercentile.com |language=en}}</ref> * [[Scots language|Scots]], spoken in [[Scotland]] and [[Ulster]], recognized by some as a language and by others as a dialect of English.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-05 |title=Scots language {{!}} History, Examples, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Scots-language |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> (Not to be confused with [[Scottish Gaelic|Scots-Gaelic]] of the [[Languages of Europe#Others|Celtic language family]].) The [[Frisian languages]] are spoken by about 400,000 ({{as of|2015|lc=y}}) [[Frisians]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Kuipers-Zandberg |first1=Helga |last2=Kircher |first2=Ruth |date=2020-11-01 |title=The Objective and Subjective Ethnolinguistic Vitality of West Frisian: Promotion and Perception of a Minority Language in the Netherlands |journal=Sustainable Multilingualism |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.2478/sm-2020-0011|s2cid=227129146 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Winter |first=Christoph |title=Frisian |date=2022-12-21 |url=https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-938 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |access-date=2023-05-21 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.938 |isbn=978-0-19-938465-5}}</ref> who live on the southern coast of the [[North Sea]] in the [[Netherlands]] and [[Germany]]. These languages include [[West Frisian languages|West Frisian]], [[East Frisian language|East Frisian]] (of which the only surviving dialect is [[Saterlandic]]) and [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]].<ref name=":0" /> ====Dutch==== {{Main|Dutch language#Europe{{!}}Dutch-speaking Europe|Dutch language|Low Franconian}} [[Dutch language|Dutch]] is spoken throughout the [[Netherlands]], the northern half of [[Belgium]], as well as the [[Nord-Pas de Calais]] region of [[France]]. The traditional dialects of the [[Lower Rhine region|Lower Rhine]] region of Germany are linguistically more closely related to Dutch than to modern German. In Belgian and French contexts, Dutch is sometimes referred to as [[Flemish dialects|Flemish]]. [[Dutch dialects]] are numerous and varied.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-15 |title=Dutch language {{!}} Definition, Origin, History, Countries, Examples, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dutch-language |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ====German==== {{Main|German language|Geographical distribution of German speakers}} [[German language|German]] is spoken throughout [[Germany]], [[Austria]], [[Liechtenstein]], much of [[Switzerland]] (including the northeast areas bordering on Germany and Austria), northern [[Italy]] ([[South Tyrol]]), [[Luxembourg]], the [[East Cantons of Belgium]] and the [[Alsace]] and [[Lorraine]] regions of [[France]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=German, Standard {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/deu/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref> There are several groups of German dialects: * [[High German]] includes several dialect families: ** [[Standard German]] ** [[Central German]] dialects, spoken in central Germany and including [[Luxembourgish]] ** [[High Franconian]], a family of transitional dialects between Central and Upper High German ** [[Upper German]], including [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] and [[Swiss German]] ** [[Yiddish]] is a [[Jewish languages|Jewish language]] developed in Germany and Eastern Europe. It shares many features of High German dialects and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of Yiddish |url=https://sites.santafe.edu/~johnson/articles.yiddish.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=sites.santafe.edu}}</ref> ====[[Low German]]==== Low German is spoken in various regions throughout Northern Germany and the northern and eastern parts of the Netherlands. It is an official language in Germany. It may be separated into [[West Low German]] and [[East Low German]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Russ |first=Charles |date=2013-09-13 |title=The Dialects of Modern German |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315001777 |doi=10.4324/9781315001777|isbn=9781315001777 }}</ref> ====North Germanic (Scandinavian)==== The ''[[North Germanic languages]]'' are spoken in [[Nordic countries]] and include [[Swedish language|Swedish]] ([[Sweden]] and parts of [[Finland]]), [[Danish language|Danish]] ([[Denmark]]), [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[Norway]]), [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] ([[Iceland]]), [[Faroese language|Faroese]] ([[Faroe Islands]]), and [[Elfdalian]] (in a small part of central Sweden).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} English has a long history of contact with Scandinavian languages, given the immigration of Scandinavians early in the history of Britain, and shares various features with the Scandinavian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121127094111.htm|title=Linguist makes sensational claim: English is a Scandinavian language|website=ScienceDaily|access-date=2016-03-06}}</ref> Even so, especially Dutch and Swedish, but also Danish and Norwegian, have strong vocabulary connections to the [[German language]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-21 |title=Linguistic variety in the Nordics |url=https://nordics.info/show/artikel/linguistic-variety-in-the-nordic-region |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=nordics.info |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gooskens |first1=Charlotte |last2=Kürschner |first2=Sebastian |last3=Heuven |first3=Vincent J. van |date=August 4, 2021 |title=The role of loanwords in the intelligibility of written Danish among Swedes |journal=[[Nordic Journal of Linguistics]] |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=4–29 |doi=10.1017/S0332586521000111 |issn=0332-5865|doi-access=free |hdl=1887/3205273 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gooskens |first1=Charlotte |last2=van Heuven |first2=Vincent J. |last3=Golubović |first3=Jelena |last4=Schüppert |first4=Anja |last5=Swarte |first5=Femke |last6=Voigt |first6=Stefanie |date=2018-04-03 |title=Mutual intelligibility between closely related languages in Europe |journal=International Journal of Multilingualism |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=169–193 |doi=10.1080/14790718.2017.1350185 |issn=1479-0718|doi-access=free |hdl=1887/79190 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ====Limburgish==== [[Limburgish]] (also called Limburgan, Limburgian, or Limburgic) Is a [[West Germanic]] language spoken in the province of [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] in the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]] and neighboring regions of [[Germany]]. It is distinct from German and Dutch, but originates from areas near where both are spoken.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Limburgish- Limburgse taal & Limburgs dialect {{!}} Limburgs.org |url=https://limburgs.org/en/limburgish/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Limbörgse Academie |language=en-US}}</ref> === Romance === {{Further|Romance languages|Italic languages}} [[File:Romance 20c en.png|thumb|300px|The Distribution of the Romance languages, 20th century.]] Roughly 215 million Europeans (primarily in [[Southern Europe|Southern]] and [[Western Europe|Western]] Europe) are native speakers of [[Romance languages]], the largest groups including:{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} [[French language|French]] ({{circa}} 72 million), [[Italian language|Italian]] ({{circa}} 65 million), [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ({{circa}} 40 million), [[Romanian language|Romanian]] ({{circa}} 24 million), [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ({{circa}} 10 million), [[Catalan language|Catalan]] ({{circa}} 7 million), [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] ({{circa}} 5 million, also subsumed under Italian), [[Venetian language|Venetian]] ({{circa}} 4 million), [[Galician language|Galician]] ({{circa}} 2 million), [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] ({{circa}} 1 million),<ref>{{cite book |author=Ti Alkire |title=Romance languages: a Historical Introduction |author2=Carol Rosen |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |location=New York |page=3}}</ref><ref name="Lubello">{{cite book |author=Sergio Lubello |title=Manuale Di Linguistica Italiana, Manuals of Romance linguistics |publisher=De Gruyter |year=2016 |page=499}}</ref><ref>This includes all of the varieties of Sardinian, written with any [[orthography]] (the [[Limba Sarda Comuna|LSC]], used for all of Sardinian, or the [[Logudorese Sardinian|Logudorese]], Nugorese and [[Campidanese Sardinian|Campidanese]] orthographies, only used for some dialects of it) but does not include [[Gallurese]] and [[Sassarese language|Sassarese]], that even though they have sometimes been included in a supposed Sardinian "macro-language" are actually considered by all Sardinian linguists two different transitional languages between Sardinian and [[Corsican language|Corsican]] (or, in the case of Gallurese, are sometimes classified as a variant of Corsican). For Gallurese: [http://maxia-mail.doomby.com/medias/files/atti-def-2015.compressed.pdf ATTI DEL II CONVEGNO INTERNAZIONALE DI STUDI Ciurrata di la Linga Gadduresa, 2014] , for Sassarese: {{cite book|last=Maxia|first=Mauro|title=Studi sardo-corsi. Dialettologia e storia della lingua tra le due isole|year=2010|location=Sassari|publisher=Taphros|page=58|language=it|quote=La tesi che individua nel sassarese una base essenzialmente toscana deve essere riesaminata alla luce delle cospicue migrazioni corse che fin dall'età giudicale interessarono soprattutto il nord della Sardegna. In effetti, che il settentrione della Sardegna, almeno dalla metà del Quattrocento, fosse interessato da un forte presenza corsa si può desumere da diversi punti di osservazione. Una delle prove più evidenti è costituita dall'espressa citazione che di questo fenomeno fa il cap. 42 del secondo libro degli Statuti del comune di Sassari, il quale fu aggiunto nel 1435 o subito dopo. Se si tiene conto di questa massiccia presenza corsa e del fatto che la presenza pisana nel regno di Logudoro cessò definitivamente entro il Duecento, l'origine del fondo toscano non andrà attribuita a un influsso diretto del pisano antico ma del corso che rappresenta, esso stesso, una conseguenza dell'antica toscanizzazione della Corsica}}). They are legally considered two different languages by the Sardinian Regional Government too ({{cite web |author=Autonomous Region of Sardinia |date=1997-10-15 |title=Legge Regionale 15 ottobre 1997, n. 26 |url=http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&s=1&file=1997026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301195804/http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&s=1&file=1997026 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=2008-06-16 |pages=Art. 2, paragraph 4 |language=it}}).</ref> [[Occitan language|Occitan]] ({{circa}} 500,000), besides numerous smaller communities. The Romance languages evolved from varieties of [[Vulgar Latin]] spoken in the various parts of the [[Roman Empire]] in [[Late Antiquity]]. [[Latin]] was itself part of the (otherwise extinct) [[Italic languages|Italic]] branch of Indo-European.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} Romance languages are divided phylogenetically into ''[[Italo-Western]]'', ''[[Eastern Romance]]'' (including [[Romanian language|Romanian]]) and ''[[Sardinian language|Sardinian]]''. The Romance-speaking area of Europe is occasionally referred to as ''[[Latin Europe]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Lawrence |last2=Perez-Perdomo |first2=Rogelio |date=2003 |title=Legal Culture in the Age of Globalization: Latin America and Latin Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEMUKyPTE9AC&q=%22latin+europe%22 |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=1 |isbn=0-8047-6695-9 |author-link1=Lawrence M. Friedman }}</ref> Italo-Western can be further broken down into the ''[[Italo-Dalmatian languages]]'' (sometimes grouped with Eastern Romance), including the Tuscan-derived [[Italian language|Italian]] and numerous [[Languages of Italy|local Romance languages in Italy]] as well as [[Dalmatian language|Dalmatian]], and the ''[[Western Romance languages]]''. The Western Romance languages in turn separate into the [[Gallo-Romance languages]], including [[Langues d'oïl]] such as [[French language|French]], the Francoprovencalic languages [[Franco-Provençal|Arpitan]] and [[Faetar language|Faetar]], the [[Rhaeto-Romance languages]], and the [[Gallo-Italic languages]]; the [[Occitano-Romance languages]], grouped with either Gallo-Romance or East Iberian, including Occitanic languages such as [[Occitan language|Occitan]] and [[Vivaro-Alpine dialect|Gardiol]], and [[Catalan language|Catalan]]; [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]], grouped in with either Occitano-Romance or West Iberian, and finally the [[West Iberian languages]], including the [[Astur-Leonese languages]], the [[Galician-Portuguese|Galician-Portuguese languages]], and the [[Castilian languages]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Slavic === {{See also|Slavic languages|Slavs}} [[File:Slavic europe (Kosovo unshaded).svg|thumb|300px|Political map of Europe with countries where the national language is Slavic: {{legend|#7cdc87|West Slavic languages}} {{legend|#008000|East Slavic languages}} {{legend|#004040|South Slavic languages}}]] [[Slavic languages]] are spoken in large areas of Southern, Central and [[Eastern Europe]]. An estimated 315 million people speak of Slavic languages,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-02 |title=Slavic languages {{!}} List, Definition, Origin, Map, Tree, History, & Number of Speakers {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavic-languages |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> the largest groups being [[Russian language|Russian]] ({{circa}} 110 million in [[European Russia]] and adjacent parts of Eastern Europe, Russian forming the largest linguistic community in Europe), [[Polish language|Polish]] ({{circa}} 40.6 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polish {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pol/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] ({{circa}} 33 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ukr/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Serbo-Croatian]] ({{circa}} 21 million),<!--includes Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Montenegrin--> [[Czech language|Czech]] ({{circa}} 12 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ces/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] ({{circa}} 7.7 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulgarian {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bul/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Slovak language|Slovak]] ({{circa}} 5 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovak {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/slk/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] (c. 3.7 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belarusian {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bel/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) and [[Slovene language|Slovene]] ({{circa}} 2.3 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovene {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/slv/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) and [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] ({{circa}} 2 million).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} Phylogenetically, Slavic is divided into three subgroups:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Slavic {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroup/4249/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref> * ''[[West Slavic languages|West Slavic]]'' includes [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Polabian language|Polabian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Knaanic language|Knaanic]], [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]], [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]], [[Silesian language|Silesian]] and [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]. * ''[[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]]'' includes [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]], and [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]. * ''[[South Slavic languages|South Slavic]]'' includes [[Slovene language|Slovene]] and [[Serbo-Croatian]] in the southwest and [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] and [[Church Slavonic]] (a [[liturgical language]]) in the southeast, each with numerous distinctive dialects. South Slavic languages constitute a [[Dialect continuum#South Slavic continuum|dialect continuum]] where standard Slovene, Macedonian and Bulgarian are each based on a distinct dialect, whereas [[pluricentric language|pluricentric]] Serbo-Croatian boasts four [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] [[Comparison of standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian|national standard varieties]] all based on a single dialect, [[Shtokavian dialect|Shtokavian]]. === Wasu === * [[Greek language|Greek]] ({{circa}} 13 million) is the official language of [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]], and there are Greek-speaking enclaves in [[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Italy]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Lebanon]], [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and [[Turkey]], and in [[Greek diaspora|Greek communities]] around the world. Dialects of modern Greek that originate from [[Attic Greek]] (through [[Koine Greek|Koine]] and then [[Medieval Greek]]) are [[Cappadocian Greek|Cappadocian]], [[Pontic Greek|Pontic]], [[Cretan Greek|Cretan]], [[Cypriot Greek|Cypriot]], [[Katharevousa]], and [[Yevanic]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} ** [[Greek-Bovesian|Italiot Greek]] is, debatably, a [[Doric Greek|Doric]] dialect of Greek. It is spoken in southern Italy only, in the [[Province of Reggio Calabria|southern Calabria]] region (as [[Greek-Bovesian|Grecanic]])<ref>F. Violi, ''Lessico Grecanico-Italiano-Grecanico'', Apodiafàzzi, [[Reggio Calabria]], 1997.</ref><ref>Paolo Martino, ''L'isola grecanica dell'Aspromonte. Aspetti sociolinguistici'', 1980. Risultati di un'inchiesta del 1977</ref><ref>Filippo Violi, ''Storia degli studi e della letteratura popolare grecanica'', C.S.E. Bova ([[Province of Reggio Calabria|RC]]), 1992</ref><ref>Filippo Condemi, ''Grammatica Grecanica'', Coop. Contezza, [[Reggio Calabria]], 1987;</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/speciali/minoranze/Romano.html|title=In Salento e Calabria le voci della minoranza linguistica greca|website=Treccani, l'Enciclopedia italiana}}</ref> and in the [[Salento]] region (as [[Griko]]). It was studied by the German linguist [[Gerhard Rohlfs]] during the 1930s and 1950s.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} ** [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian]] is a Doric dialect of the Greek language spoken in the lower [[Arcadia (regional unit)|Arcadia]] region of the [[Peloponnese]] around the village of [[Leonidio]]<ref name="Dansby 2020 f130">{{cite web | last=Dansby | first=Angela | title=The last speakers of ancient Sparta | website=BBC Home | date=December 16, 2020 | url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20201215-the-last-speakers-of-ancient-sparta | access-date=February 6, 2024}}</ref> [[File:Baltic languages.png|thumb|200px|Historic distribution of the Baltic languages in the Baltic (simplified).]] * The [[Baltic languages]] are spoken in [[Lithuania]] ([[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ({{circa}} 3 million), [[Samogitian language|Samogitian]]) and [[Latvia]] ([[Latvian language|Latvian]] ({{circa}} 2 million), [[Latgalian language|Latgalian]]). Samogitian and Latgalian used to be considered dialects of Lithuanian and Latvian respectively.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} ** There are also several extinct Baltic languages, including: [[Curonian language|Curonian]],<ref name="Pronk_2017">{{cite book |last=Pronk |first=Tijmen |date=2017 |title=USQUE AD RADICES Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen: Curonian accentuation |url=https://www.academia.edu/35480576/Curonian_accentuation |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |page=659 |isbn=9788763545761}}</ref><ref name="Vaba_2014">{{cite journal |last1=Vaba |first1=Lembit |date=July 2014 |title=Curonian linguistic elements in Livonian |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286371765_Curonian_linguistic_elements_in_Livonian |journal=Eesti ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=173 |doi=10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.09 |access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> [[Galindian language|Galindian]], Jatvingian, [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]],<ref name="Nomachi_2019">{{cite journal |last1=Nomachi |first1=Motoki |date=2019 |title=Placing Kashubian in the Circum-Baltic (CB) area |url=https://www.journals.polon.uw.edu.pl/index.php/pf/article/view/470 |journal=Prace Filologiczne |volume=LXXIV |issue=2019 |pages=315-328 |doi=10.32798/pf.470 |access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> [[Selonian language|Selonian]], [[Semigallian language|Semigallian]],<ref name="Mažiulis 1999 w528">{{cite web | last=Mažiulis | first=Vytautas J. | title=Baltic Languages | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=July 26, 1999 | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baltic-languages | access-date=February 18, 2024}}</ref> and [[Sudovian language|Sudovian]].<ref name="Szatkowski_2022">{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |date=January 2022 |title=Language Practices in a Family of Prussian Language Revivalists: Conclusions Based on Short-Term Participant Observation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358448619_Language_Practices_in_a_Family_of_Prussian_Language_Revivalists_Conclusions_Based_on_Short-Term_Participant_Observation |journal=Adeptus |issue=2626 |pages=173 |doi=10.11649/a.2626 |access-date=2024-02-18}}</ref> * [[Albanian language|Albanian]] ({{circa}} 5 million) has two major dialects, [[Tosk Albanian]] and [[Gheg Albanian]]. It is spoken in [[Albania]] and [[Kosovo]], neighboring [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Italy]], and [[Montenegro]]. It is also widely spoken in the [[Albanian diaspora]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ({{circa}} 7 million) has two major forms, [[Western Armenian]] and [[Eastern Armenian]]. It is spoken in [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ([[Samtskhe-Javakheti]]) and [[Abkhazia]], also [[Russia]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Turkey]], [[Greece]], and [[Cyprus]]. It is also widely spoken in the [[Armenian Diaspora]]. {{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * There are six living [[Celtic languages]], spoken in areas of northwestern Europe dubbed the "[[Celtic nations]]". All six are members of the [[Insular Celtic languages|Insular Celtic]] family, which in turn is divided into: ** [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic family]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ([[Wales]], {{circa}} 462,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cym/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Cornish language|Cornish]] ([[Cornwall]], {{circa}} 500<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cornish {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cor/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) and [[Breton language|Breton]] ([[Brittany]], {{circa}} 206,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breton {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bre/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) ** [[Goidelic languages|Goidelic family]]: [[Irish language|Irish]] ([[Ireland]], {{circa}} 1.7 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gle/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] ([[Scotland]], {{circa}} 57,400<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Gaelic {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gla/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), and [[Manx language|Manx]] ([[Isle of Man]], 1,660<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manx {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/glv/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) : [[Continental Celtic languages]] had previously been spoken across Europe from Iberia and Gaul to Asia Minor, but became extinct in the first millennium CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic |url=https://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/spokenword/texts_cc.php |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.asnc.cam.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Celtic languages {{!}} History, Features, Origin, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Celtic-languages |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> * The [[Indo-Aryan languages]] have one major representative: [[Romani language|Romani]] ({{circa}} 1.5 million speakers), introduced in Europe during the late medieval period. Lacking a nation state, Romani is spoken as a minority language throughout Europe.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * The [[Iranian languages]] in Europe are natively represented in the North Caucasus, notably with [[Ossetic language|Ossetian]] ({{circa}} 600,000).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} == Harsunan da ba Indo-Turai ba == === Turkic === {{Main|Turkic languages}} [[File:Carte peuples turcs.png|thumb|right|340px|Distribution of Turkic languages in Eurasia]] * [[Oghuz languages]] in Europe include [[Turkish language|Turkish]], spoken in [[East Thrace]] and by immigrant communities; [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] is spoken in [[Azerbaijan|Northeast Azerbaijan]] and parts of [[Southern Russia]] and [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]] is spoken in [[Gagauzia]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Kipchak languages]] in Europe include [[Karaim language|Karaim]], [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]] and [[Krymchak language|Krymchak]], which is spoken mainly in [[Crimea]]; [[Tatar language|Tatar]], which is spoken in [[Tatarstan]]; [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]], which is spoken in [[Bashkortostan]]; [[Karachay-Balkar language|Karachay-Balkar]], which is spoken in the [[North Caucasus]], and [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], which is spoken in [[Kazakhstan|Northwest Kazakhstan]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Oghur languages]] were historically indigenous to much of Eastern Europe; however, most of them are extinct today, with the exception of [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]], which is spoken in [[Chuvashia]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Uralic === {{Main|Uralic languages}} [[File:Uralic languages ( ALL LANGUAGES ).png|alt=|thumb|271x271px|Distribution of Uralic languages in Eurasia]] Uralic language family is native to northern Eurasia. [[Finnic languages]] include [[Finnish language|Finnish]] ({{circa}} 5 million) and [[Estonian language|Estonian]] ({{circa}} 1 million), as well as smaller languages such as [[Kven language|Kven]] ({{circa}} 8,000). Other languages of the [[Finno-Permic]] branch of the family include e.g. [[Mari language|Mari]] (c. 400,000), and the [[Sami languages]] ({{circa}} 30,000).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} The [[Ugric]] branch of the language family is represented in Europe by the [[Hungarian language]] ({{circa}} 13 million), historically introduced with the [[Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]] of the 9th century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} The Samoyedic [[Nenets language]] is spoken in [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] of Russia, located in the far northeastern corner of Europe (as [[Extreme points of Europe#Mainland Europe|delimited]] by the [[Ural Mountains]]).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Wasu === * The [[Basque language]] (or ''Euskara'', {{circa}} 750,000) is a [[language isolate]] and the ancestral language of the [[Basque people]] who inhabit the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], a region in the western [[Pyrenees]] mountains mostly in northeastern [[Spain]] and partly in southwestern [[France]] of about 3&nbsp;million inhabitants, where it is spoken fluently by about 750,000 and understood by more than 1.5&nbsp;million people. Basque is directly related to [[Aquitanian language|ancient Aquitanian]], and it is likely that an early form of the Basque language was present in Western Europe before the arrival of the Indo-European languages in the area in the [[Bronze Age Europe|Bronze Age]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[North Caucasian languages]] is a geographical blanket term for two unrelated [[Language family|language families]] spoken chiefly in the north [[Caucasus]] and [[Turkey]]—the [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]] family (including [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] and [[Adyghe language|Circassian]]) and the [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] family, spoken mainly in the border area of the southern [[Russian Federation]] (including [[Dagestan]], [[Chechnya]], and [[Ingushetia]]).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Kalmyk language|Kalmyk]] is a [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic language]], spoken in the [[Republic of Kalmykia]], part of the [[Russian Federation]]. Its speakers entered the Volga region in the early 17th century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Kartvelian languages]] (also known as Southwest Caucasian languages), the most common of which is [[Georgian language|Georgian]] ({{circa}} 3.5 million), others being [[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] and [[Svan language|Svan]], spoken mainly in the Caucasus and Anatolia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kartvelian languages {{!}} Kartvelian, Georgian, Svan & Laz |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kartvelian-languages |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> * [[Maltese language|Maltese]] ({{circa}} 500,000) is a [[Semitic language]] with [[Romance language|Romance]] and [[Germanic language|Germanic]] influences, spoken in [[Malta]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Alexander |first=Marie |title=2nd International Conference of Maltese Linguistics: Saturday, September 19&nbsp;– Monday, September 21, 2009 |url=http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/maltese/abstracts.aspx |year=2009 |publisher=International Association of Maltese Linguistics |access-date=2 November 2009 |display-authors=etal |archive-date=23 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623195959/http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/maltese/abstracts.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=J. |last=Aquilina |title=Maltese as a Mixed Language |journal=Journal of Semitic Studies |year=1958 |volume=3 |number=1 |pages=58–79 |doi=10.1093/jss/3.1.58}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Structure of Maltese |first=Joseph |last=Aquilina |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=80 |number=3 |date=July–September 1960 |pages=267–68 |doi=10.2307/596187|jstor=596187 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Europe's New Arabic Connection |first1=Louis |last1=Werner |first2=Alan |last2=Calleja |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200406/europe.s.new.arabic.connection.htm |journal=Saudi Aramco World |date=November–December 2004 |access-date=2016-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929195459/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200406/europe.s.new.arabic.connection.htm |archive-date=2012-09-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is based on [[Sicilian Arabic]], with influences from [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]] and, more recently, [[English language|English]]. It is the only Semitic language whose [[standard language|standard form]] is written in [[Latin script]]. It is also the second smallest official language of the [[European Union|EU]] in terms of speakers (after Irish), and the only official Semitic language within the EU.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Cypriot Maronite Arabic]] (also known as Cypriot Arabic) is a [[varieties of Arabic|variety of Arabic]] spoken by [[Maronite]]s in [[Cyprus]]. Most speakers live in [[Nicosia]], but others are in the communities of [[Kormakiti]] and [[Limassol|Lemesos]]. Brought to the island by Maronites fleeing [[Lebanon]] over 700 years ago, this variety of Arabic has been influenced by [[Greek language|Greek]] in both [[phonology]] and [[vocabulary]], while retaining certain unusually archaic features in other respects. * Dialects of [[Eastern Aramaic]] are spoken by [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] communities in the Caucasus and southern Russia who fled the Assyrian Genocide during World War I.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assyrian Neo-Aramaic {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/aii/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref> === Harsunan alamar === {{Main|List of sign languages#Europe}} Harsunan hannu dozin da yawa sun wanzu a duk faɗin Turai, tare da dangin yaren kurame mafi yaɗuwa shine harsunan Francosign, tare da harsunan da ake samu a ƙasashe daga Iberia zuwa Balkans da Baltic. Ingantattun bayanai na tarihi na yarukan alamomi da na tactile yana da wahala a samu, tare da tarihin al'umma da ke lura da wanzuwar al'ummomin da ke sanya hannu a cikin Turai ɗaruruwan shekaru da suka wuce. Harshen Alamar Biritaniya (BSL) da Harshen Alamar Faransanci (LSF) tabbas sune mafi dadewa da aka tabbatar, ana ci gaba da amfani da yarukan kurame. Tare da Harshen Alamar Jamus (DGS) bisa ga Ethnologue, waɗannan ukun suna da mafi yawan adadin masu sa hannun, kodayake ƙananan cibiyoyi kaɗan ne ke ɗaukar ƙididdiga masu dacewa kan yawan sa hannu na zamani, suna sa ingantattun bayanai da wuya a samu. [Ana bukatan hujja] Musamman ma, ƙananan harsunan alamar turai suna da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da yawancin yarukan gida/na baka, baya ga daidaitaccen tuntuɓar harshe da aro, ma'ana a nahawu da harsunan kurame da na baka na Turai sun bambanta da juna. Saboda bambance-bambancen yanayi (na gani/ji), yawancin harsunan alamar suna suna don babbar ƙabila da ake magana da su, tare da kalmomin "harshen alamar", suna mai da abin da ake magana a yawancin Faransanci, Wallonia da Romandy a matsayin Harshen Alamar Faransanci. ko LSF don: langue des alamun française. Gane harsunan da ba na baka ba ya bambanta sosai daga yanki zuwa yanki. Wasu ƙasashe suna ba da izini na doka, har ma da hukuma a matakin jiha, yayin da wasu ke ci gaba da danne su. Ko da yake "akwai imani da yawa - a tsakanin Kurma da masu ilimin harshe - cewa akwai iyalai na harshe," ainihin dangantakar da ke tsakanin harsunan kurame yana da wuyar ganewa. Ka'idoji da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ilimin harshe na tarihi don kwatanta iyalai na harshe don rubuce-rubuce da harsunan magana ba su da sauƙi a tsara su zuwa harsunan sa hannu. Wasu daga cikin fahimtar dangantakar harshen kurame na yanzu, duk da haka, suna ba da wasu ƙididdiga masu ma'ana game da yuwuwar iyalai na yaren kurame: Harshen Francosign, kamar LSF, ASL, Harshen Alamar Holland, Harshen Alamar Flemish, da Harshen Alamar Italiyanci. Harshen BANZSL, gami da Harshen Alamar Biritaniya (BSL), Harshen Alamar New Zealand (NZSL), Harshen Alamar Australiya (Auslan), da Harshen Kura na Sweden. Yaren da ke ware, irin su Harshen Alamar Albaniya, Harshen Kurman Armeniya, Harshen Kurame na Caucasian, Harshen Alamar Sipaniya (LSE), Harshen Alamar Turkiyya (TİD), da wataƙila Harshen Kura na Ghardaia. Yawancin sauran harsunan alamar, kamar Harshen Alamar Irish (ISL), ba su da tushe * .<ref>{{Citation |chapter=Chapter 2. The Linguistic Setup of Sign Languages – The Case of Irish Sign Language (ISL) |date=2014-07-28 |pages=4–30 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=de |doi=10.1515/9781614514978.4 |isbn=978-1-61451-497-8 |title=Mouth Actions in Sign Languages |doi-access=free }}</ref> == Tarihin daidaitawa == {{further|Ethnic groups in Europe#History|Vernacular|De vulgari eloquentia}} === Harshe da ainihi, matakan daidaitawa === In the Middle Ages the two most important defining elements of Europe were ''Christianitas'' and ''Latinitas''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark |first=Joshua |date=28 June 2019 |title=Religion in the Middle Ages |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1411/religion-in-the-middle-ages/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> The earliest dictionaries were glossaries: more or less structured lists of lexical pairs (in alphabetical order or according to conceptual fields). The Latin-German (Latin-Bavarian) ''[[Abrogans]]'' was among the first. A new wave of [[lexicography]] can be seen from the late 15th century onwards (after the introduction of the printing press, with the growing interest in standardisation of languages).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} The concept of the [[nation state]] began to emerge in the [[early modern period]]. Nations adopted particular dialects as their national language. This, together with improved communications, led to official efforts to standardise the [[national language]], and a number of language academies were established: 1582 ''[[Accademia della Crusca]]'' in Florence, 1617 ''[[Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft]]'' in Weimar, 1635 ''[[Académie française]]'' in Paris, 1713 ''[[Real Academia Española]]'' in Madrid. Language became increasingly linked to nation as opposed to culture, and was also used to promote religious and ethnic identity: e.g. different [[Bible translations]] in the same language for Catholics and Protestants.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} The first languages whose standardisation was promoted included Italian (''[[questione della lingua]]'': Modern Tuscan/Florentine vs. Old Tuscan/Florentine vs. Venetian → Modern Florentine + archaic Tuscan + Upper Italian), French (the standard is based on Parisian), English (the standard is based on the London dialect) and (High) German (based on the dialects of the chancellery of Meissen in Saxony, Middle German, and the chancellery of Prague in Bohemia ("Common German")). But several other nations also began to develop a standard variety in the 16th century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Lingua franca === Europe has had a number of languages that were considered [[linguae francae]] over some ranges for some periods according to some historians. Typically in the rise of a national language the new language becomes a lingua franca to peoples in the range of the future nation until the consolidation and unification phases. If the nation becomes internationally influential, its language may become a lingua franca among nations that speak their own national languages. Europe has had no lingua franca ranging over its entire territory spoken by all or most of its populations during any historical period. Some linguae francae of past and present over some of its regions for some of its populations are: <!-- in national and chronological order --> * [[Ancient Greek language|Classical Greek]] and then [[Koine Greek]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean Basin]] from the [[Athenian Empire]] to the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], being replaced by [[Modern Greek]]. * [[Koine Greek]] and [[Modern Greek]], in the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire]] and other parts of the Balkans south of the [[Jireček Line]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Review [untitled] of Ariadna Camariano-Cioran, Les Academies Princieres de Bucarest et de Jassy et leur Professeurs |journal=Church History |volume=45 |number=1 |date = March 1976|pages=115–116 |quote=...Greek, the ''lingua franca'' of commerce and religion, provided a cultural unity to the Balkans...Greek penetrated Moldavian and Wallachian territories as early as the fourteenth century.... The heavy influence of Greek culture upon the intellectual and academic life of Bucharest and [[Iaşi|Jassy]] was longer termed than historians once believed. |first=James Steve |last=Counelis |doi=10.2307/3164593|jstor=3164593 |s2cid=162293323 }}</ref> * [[Vulgar Latin]] and [[Late Latin]] among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the [[Roman Empire]] and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900&nbsp;AD; [[Medieval Latin]] and [[Renaissance Latin]] among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582/83; [[Neo-Latin]] written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe; [[ecclesiastical Latin]], in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the [[Roman Catholic Church]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Mediterranean Lingua Franca|Lingua Franca]] or Sabir, the original of the name, an Italian-based [[pidgin]] language of mixed origins used by maritime commercial interests around the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages and early Modern Age.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lingua Franca in the Mediterranean |first=John E. |last=Wansbrough |chapter=Chapter&nbsp;3: Lingua Franca |year=1996 |publisher=Routledge}}</ref> * [[Old French]] in continental western European countries and in the [[Crusader states]].<ref name=calvet175-176>{{cite book |title=Language wars and linguistic politics |first=Louis Jean |last=Calvet |location=Oxford [England]; New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |pages=175–76}}</ref> * [[Czech language|Czech]], mainly during the reign of [[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles&nbsp;IV]] (14th century) but also during other periods of Bohemian control over the Holy Roman Empire.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Middle Low German]], around the 14th–16th century, during the heyday of the [[Hanseatic League]], mainly in Northeastern Europe across the Baltic Sea. * [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as Castilian in Spain and [[New Spain]] from the times of [[the Catholic Monarchs]] and [[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]], c.&nbsp;1492; that is, after the [[Reconquista]], until established as a national language in the times of [[Louis XIV]], c.&nbsp;1648; subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the [[Spanish Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |page=[https://archive.org/details/decolonizinginte00jone/page/n55 98] |title=Decolonizing international relations |url=https://archive.org/details/decolonizinginte00jone |url-access=limited |first=Branwen Gruffydd |last=Jones |location=Lanham, MD|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2006}}</ref> * [[Polish language|Polish]], due to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] (16th–18th centuries).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Italian language|Italian]] due to the [[Renaissance]], the [[opera]], the [[Italian Empire]], the [[Italian fashion|fashion industry]] and the influence of the [[Roman Catholic church]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kahane |first=Henry |date=September 1986 |title=A Typology of the Prestige Language |journal=Language |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=495–508 |doi=10.2307/415474 |jstor=415474}}</ref> * [[French language|French]] from the golden age under [[Cardinal Richelieu]] and [[Louis&nbsp;XIV]] c.&nbsp;1648; i.e.,&nbsp;after the [[Thirty Years' War]], in France and the [[French colonial empire]], until established as the national language during the [[French Revolution]] of 1789 and subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the various [[French colonial empire|French Empires]].<ref name=calvet175-176/> * [[German language|German]] in Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Jeroen |last1=Darquennes |first2=Peter |last2=Nelde |title=German as a Lingua Franca |journal=Annual Review of Applied Linguistics |volume=26 |pages=61–77 |year=2006 |doi=10.1017/s0267190506000043|s2cid=61449212 }}</ref> * [[English language|English]] in [[Great Britain]] until its consolidation as a national language in the [[Renaissance]] and the rise of [[Modern English]]; subsequently internationally under the various states in or formerly in the [[British Empire]]; globally since the victories of the predominantly English speaking countries ([[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], and others) and their allies in the two world wars ending in 1918 ([[World War&nbsp;I]]) and 1945 ([[World War&nbsp;II]]) and the subsequent rise of the United States as a [[superpower]] and major [[United States#Culture|cultural influence]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Russian language|Russian]] in the former [[Soviet Union]] and [[Russian Empire]] including [[Northern Asia|Northern]] and [[Central Asia]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Yan tsirarun harshe === Historical attitudes towards linguistic diversity are illustrated by two French laws: the [[Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts|Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts]] (1539), which said that every document in France should be written in French (neither in Latin nor in Occitan) and the [[Toubon Law|Loi Toubon]] (1994), which aimed to eliminate anglicisms from official documents. States and populations within a state have often resorted to war to settle their differences. There have been attempts to prevent such hostilities: two such initiatives were promoted by the [[Council of Europe]], founded in 1949, which affirms the right of minority language speakers to use their language fully and freely.<ref>{{cite web|title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages: Strasbourg, 5.XI.1992|url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Treaties/Html/148.htm|publisher=Council of Europe|year=1992|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=26 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226052008/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/HTML/148.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Council of Europe is committed to protecting linguistic diversity. Currently all European countries except [[France]], [[Andorra]] and [[Turkey]] have signed the [[Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities]], while [[Greece]], [[Iceland]] and [[Luxembourg]] have signed it, but have not ratified it; this framework entered into force in 1998. Another European treaty, the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], was adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the [[Council of Europe]]: it entered into force in 1998, and while it is legally binding for 24 countries, [[France]], [[Iceland]], [[Italy]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Moldova]] and [[Russia]] have chosen to sign without ratifying the convention.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === Scripts === [[File:Scripts of European national languages.png|thumb|320px|Alphabets used in European national languages: {{legend|#008000|[[Greek alphabet|Greek]]}} {{legend|#008080|[[Greek alphabet|Greek]] & [[Latin alphabet|Latin]]}} {{legend|#000080|[[Latin alphabet|Latin]]}} {{legend|#800080|[[Latin alphabet|Latin]] & [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]}} {{legend|#FF0000|[[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]}} {{legend|#FF6600|[[Georgian script|Georgian]]}} {{legend|#FFCC00|[[Armenian script|Armenian]]}}]] <!--[[File:Scripts in Europe (1901).jpg|thumb|250px|Main alphabets used in Europe around 1900: {{legend|#84CFEE|outline=#ccc|[[Latin script]]: [[Fraktur (script)|Fraktur]] variant}} {{legend|#F8D2D1|outline=#ccc|Latin script: [[Antiqua (typeface class)|Antiqua]] variant}} {{legend|#DAF6D0|outline=#ccc|[[Cyrillic script]]}} {{legend|#D4CAA7|outline=#ccc|[[Greek alphabet]]}} {{legend|#FEFF88|outline=#ccc|[[Arabic script]]}} {{legend|#ffffff|outline=#ccc|[[Clear script|Kalmyk]]–[[Mongolian script]]}} ]]--> The main scripts used in Europe today are the [[Latin script|Latin]] and [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimitrov |first=Bogoya |date=2023-05-19 |title=Book Exhibition Dedicated to the Day of the Cyrillic Alphabet |url=https://blogs.eui.eu/library/cyrillic-alphabet/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The EUI Library Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Greek alphabet]] was derived from the [[Phoenician alphabet]], and Latin was derived from the Greek via the [[Old Italic alphabet]]. In the Early Middle Ages, [[Ogham]] was used in Ireland and [[runes]] (derived from Old Italic script) in Scandinavia. Both were replaced in general use by the Latin alphabet by the Late Middle Ages. The Cyrillic script was derived from the Greek with the first texts appearing around 940&nbsp;AD.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{See also|Antiqua–Fraktur dispute}} Around 1900 there were mainly two typeface variants of the [[Latin alphabet]] used in Europe: [[Antiqua (typeface class)|Antiqua]] and [[Fraktur]]. Fraktur was used most for German, Estonian, Latvian, Norwegian and Danish whereas Antiqua was used for Italian, Spanish, French, Polish, Portuguese, English, Romanian, Swedish and Finnish. The Fraktur variant was banned by [[Hitler]] in 1941, having been described as "[[Schwabacher]] Jewish letters".<ref>[http://www.ligaturix.de/bormann.htm Facsimile of Bormann's Memorandum (in German)]<br /> The memorandum itself is typed in Antiqua, but the [[NSDAP]] [[letterhead]] is printed in Fraktur.<br />"For general attention, on behalf of the Führer, I make the following announcement:<br />It is wrong to regard or to describe the so‑called Gothic script as a German script. In reality, the so‑called Gothic script consists of Schwabach Jew letters. Just as they later took control of the newspapers, upon the introduction of printing the Jews residing in Germany took control of the printing presses and thus in Germany the Schwabach Jew letters were forcefully introduced.<br />Today the Führer, talking with Herr Reichsleiter Amann and Herr Book Publisher Adolf Müller, has decided that in the future the Antiqua script is to be described as normal script. All printed materials are to be gradually converted to this normal script. As soon as is feasible in terms of textbooks, only the normal script will be taught in village and state schools.<br />The use of the Schwabach Jew letters by officials will in future cease; appointment certifications for functionaries, street signs, and so forth will in future be produced only in normal script.<br />On behalf of the Führer, Herr Reichsleiter Amann will in future convert those newspapers and periodicals that already have foreign distribution, or whose foreign distribution is desired, to normal script".</ref> Other scripts have historically been in use in Europe, including Phoenician, from which modern Latin letters descend, Ancient [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] on Egyptian artefacts traded during Antiquity, various runic systems used in Northern Europe preceding Christianisation, and Arabic during the era of the Ottoman Empire.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} [[Old Hungarian alphabet|Hungarian rovás]] was used by the Hungarian people in the early Middle Ages, but it was gradually replaced with the Latin-based Hungarian alphabet when Hungary became a kingdom, though it was revived in the 20th century and has certain marginal, but growing area of usage since then.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} === European Union === {{main|Languages of the European Union}} The [[European Union]](ya zuwa 2021) yana da ƙasashe mambobi 27 waɗanda ke lissafin yawan jama'a miliyan 447, ko kusan kashi 60% na yawan mutanen Turai. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tarayyar Turai ta ayyana ta hanyar yarjejeniya tare da kasashe membobin yaruka 24 a matsayin "hukumance da aiki": Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estoniya, Finnish, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Girkanci, Hungarian, Irish, Italiyanci, Latvia, Lithuanian, Maltese, Yaren mutanen Poland, Fotigal, Romanian, Slovak, Sloveniya, Sifen da Yaren mutanen Sweden. Wannan nadi yana ba ƙasashe membobi “hakkoki” guda biyu: ƙasa memba na iya sadarwa da EU a cikin kowane yaren da aka keɓe, kuma su duba “dokokin EU da sauran takaddun dokoki” a cikin wannan yaren. Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar Turai sun kasance suna haɗin gwiwa a cikin ilimin jama'a a cikin harsuna don "ingancin ilimin harsuna" a tsakanin ƙasashe membobin EU. Daftarin hadin gwiwa, "Tsarin Magana na gama-gari na Turai don Harsuna: Koyo, Koyarwa, Ƙimar (CEFR)", ƙa'idar ilimi ce da ke bayyana "ƙwararrun da ake buƙata don sadarwa" da ilimin da ke da alaƙa don fa'idar malamai wajen kafa shirye-shiryen ilimi. A cikin wani bincike mai zaman kansa na shekara ta 2005 wanda Babban Darakta Janar na Ilimi da Al'adu na EU ya nema dangane da yadda ake magana da manyan harsunan Turai a cikin ƙasashe mambobi. An buga sakamakon a cikin takardar 2006, "Turawa da Harsunansu", ko "Eurobarometer 243". A cikin wannan binciken, ƙididdiga dacewaTemplate:Clarify[Shin kuna nufin "mahimmanci"?] samfurori na yawan jama'a a kowace ƙasa an nemi su cika fom na bincike game da harsunan da suke magana da isassun ƙwarewa "don samun damar yin magana".<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and Their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|publisher=European Commission|year=2006|access-date=5 November 2009|page=8}}</ref> == Jerin Harsuna == {{Further|List of European languages by number of speakers|List of endangered languages in Europe|List of extinct languages of Europe}} The following is a table of European languages. The number of speakers as a first or second language (L1 and L2 speakers) listed are speakers in Europe only;{{refn|"Europe" is taken as a geographical term, [[Definition of Europe|defined]] by the conventional [[Europe-Asia boundary]] along the Caucasus and the Urals. Estimates for populations geographically in Europe are given for [[transcontinental countries]].|group=nb}} see [[list of languages by number of native speakers]] and [[list of languages by total number of speakers]] for global estimates on numbers of speakers.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} The list is intended to include any language variety with an [[ISO 639]] code. However, it omits sign languages. Because the ISO-639-2 and ISO-639-3 codes have different definitions, this means that some communities of speakers may be listed more than once. For instance, speakers of [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]] are listed both under "Bavarian" (ISO-639-3 code ''bar'') as well as under "German" (ISO-639-2 code ''de'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relationships to other parts of ISO 639 {{!}} ISO 639-3 |url=https://iso639-3.sil.org/about/relationships |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=iso639-3.sil.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! rowspan=2|Name ! rowspan=2|[[ISO-639|ISO-<br />639]] ! rowspan=2|Classification ! colspan=2|Speakers in Europe ! colspan=2|Official status |- !data-sort-type="number" style="width:90pt;"|Native !data-sort-type="number"|Total !National{{refn|[[List of sovereign states|Sovereign states]], defined as [[United Nations]] member states and observer states. 'Recognised minority language' status is not included.|group=nb}} !Regional |- | [[Abaza language|Abaza]] || abq || Northwest Caucasian, Abazgi || 49,800<ref>{{e18|abq|Abaza}}</ref> || || || [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] (Russia) |- | [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || ady || Northwest Caucasian, Circassian || 117,500<ref>{{e18|ady|Adyghe }}</ref> || || || [[Adygea]] (Russia) |- | [[Aghul language|Aghul]] || agx || Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic || 29,300<ref>{{e18|agx|Aghul}}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Akhvakh language|Akhvakh]] || akv || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 210<ref>{{e18|akv|Akhvakh}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (Shqip)<br />[[Arbëresh]]<br />[[Arvanitika]]<br /> || sq || Indo-European || {{sort|5,367,000|5,367,000<ref>{{e18|sqi|Albanian}}</ref><br />5,877,100<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sqi|title=Albanian|website=[[Ethnologue]]|access-date=12 December 2018}} Population total of all languages of the Albanian [[ISO 639 macrolanguage|macrolanguage]].</ref> (Balkans)}} || || [[Albania]], [[Kosovo]]{{refn|The [[Republic of Kosovo]] is a [[International recognition of Kosovo|partially recognized state]] (recognized by 111 out of 193 UN member states as of 2017).|group=nb|name=Kosovo}}, [[North Macedonia]] || [[Italy]], Arbëresh dialect: [[Sicily]], [[Calabria]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it/upload/testicoordinati/LR%2015-2003%28TC%29.doc |title=Norme per la tutela e la valorizzazione della lingua e del patrimonio culturale delle minoranze linguistiche e storiche di Calabria |access-date=2020-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806193843/http://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it/upload/testicoordinati/LR%2015-2003%28TC%29.doc |archive-date=2009-08-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Apulia]], [[Molise]], [[Basilicata]], [[Abruzzo]], [[Campania]] <br /> [[Montenegro]] ([[Ulcinj Municipality|Ulcinj]], [[Tuzi Municipality|Tuzi]]) |- | [[Andi language|Andi]] || ani || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 5,800<ref>{{e18|ani|Andi}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] || an || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 25,000<ref>https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/60448 Report about Census of population 2011 of Aragonese Sociolinguistics Seminar and University of Zaragoza</ref> || 55,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://historico.aragondigital.es/noticia.asp?notid=126286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101002219/http://www.aragondigital.es/noticia.asp?notid=126286|url-status=dead|title=Más de 50.000 personas hablan aragonés|archive-date=1 January 2015|website=Aragón Digital}}</ref>|| || Northern [[Aragon]] (Spain){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Archi language|Archi]] || acq || Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic || 970<ref>{{e18|acq|Archi}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] || rup || Indo-European, Romance, Eastern || 114,000<ref>{{e18|rup|Aromanian }}</ref> || || || [[North Macedonia]] ([[Kruševo]]) |- | [[Asturian language|Asturian]] ([[Astur-Leonese languages|Astur-Leonese]]) || ast || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 351,791<ref name="ehu.eus">[https://www.ehu.eus/documents/1457190/1547454/Avance+III+Encuesta+Sociolling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica+Asturias.pdf/aba19c6f-4dab-470c-8a33-157248373072 III Sociolinguistic Study of Asturias (2017)]. Euskobarometro.</ref> || 641,502<ref name="ehu.eus"/> || || [[Asturias]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Avar language|Avar]] || av || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 760,000 || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || az || Turkic, Oghuz || 500,000<ref>c. 130,000 in Dagestan<!--, c. 400,000 in Azerbaijan's [[Quba-Khachmaz economic region|Quba-Khachmaz Region]] region, technically in Europe (being north of the [[Caucasus]] watershed)-->. In addition, there are about 0.5 million speakers in immigrant communities in Russia, see [[#Immigrant communities]]. {{e18|aze|Azerbaijani }}</ref> || || [[Azerbaijan]] || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Bagvalal language|Bagvalal]] || kva || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 1,500<ref>{{e18|kva|Bagvalal}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]] || ba || Turkic, Kipchak || 1,221,000<ref>{{e18|bak|Bashkort }}</ref>|| || || [[Bashkortostan]] (Russia) |- | [[Basque language|Basque]] || eu || Basque || 750,000<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [http://www.mintzaira.fr/fileadmin/documents/Aktualitateak/015_VI_ENQUETE_PB__Fr.pdf VI° Enquête Sociolinguistique en Euskal herria (Communauté Autonome d'Euskadi, Navarre et Pays Basque Nord)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114111/http://www.mintzaira.fr/fileadmin/documents/Aktualitateak/015_VI_ENQUETE_PB__Fr.pdf |date=21 August 2018 }} (2016).</ref> || || || [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]]: [[Basque Autonomous Community]], [[Navarre]] (Spain), [[Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque|French Basque Country]] (France){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]]||bar|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian ||14,000,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|bar|Bavarian}}</ref>|| || [[Austria]] (as [[German language|German]]) || [[South Tyrol]] |- | [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] || be || Indo-European, Slavic, East || 3,300,000<ref>{{e18|bel|Belarusian }}</ref> || || [[Belarus]] || |- | [[Bezhta language|Bezhta]] || kap || Northeast Caucasian, Tsezic || 6,800<ref>{{e18|kap|Bezhta}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]] || bs || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian|| 2,500,000<ref>{{e18|bos|Bosnian}}</ref> || || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] || ''[[Kosovo]]{{refn|The [[Republic of Kosovo]] is a [[International recognition of Kosovo|partially recognized state]] (recognized by 111 out of 193 UN member states as of 2017).|group=nb|name=Kosovo}}'', [[Montenegro]] |- | [[Botlikh language|Botlikh]] || bph || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 210<ref>{{e18|bph|Botlikh}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Breton language|Breton]] || br || Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic || 206,000<ref>{{e18|bre|Breton}}</ref>|| || || None, de facto status in [[Brittany]] (France) |- | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]|| bg || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern || 7,800,000<ref>{{e18|bul|Bulgarian }}</ref> || || [[Bulgaria]] || [[Mount Athos]] (Greece) |- | [[Catalan language|Catalan]] || ca|| Indo-European, Romance, Western, Occitano-Romance || 4,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/cat/|title=Catalan|date=19 November 2019}}</ref> || 10,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.iec.cat/cruscat/publicacions/informe/|title=Informe sobre la Situació de la Llengua Catalana &#124; Xarxa CRUSCAT. Coneixements, usos i representacions del català.|website=blogs.iec.cat|access-date=25 February 2024|archive-date=16 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216135331/http://blogs.iec.cat/cruscat/publicacions/informe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Andorra]] || [[Balearic Islands]] (Spain), [[Catalonia]] (Spain), [[Valencian Community]] (Spain), easternmost [[Aragon]] (Spain){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] (France){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Alghero]] (Italy) |- | [[Chamalal language|Chamalal]] || cji || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 500<ref>{{e18|cji|Chamalal}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Chechen language|Chechen]] || ce || Northeast Caucasian, Nakh ||1,400,000<ref>{{e18|che|Chechen }}</ref>|| || || [[Chechnya]] & [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] || cv || Turkic, Oghur || 1,100,000<ref>{{e18|chv|Chuvash }}</ref> || || || [[Chuvashia]] (Russia) |- | [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]]||cim|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Bavarian || 400<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|cim|Cimbrian}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Cornish language|Cornish]] || kw || Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic || 563<ref>{{cite web |title=Main language (detailed) |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS024/editions/2021/versions/3 |website=Office for National Statistics |access-date=31 July 2023}} (UK 2021 Census)</ref> || || || [[Cornwall]] (United Kingdom){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Corsican language|Corsican]] || co || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian || 30,000<ref name=Corsican>{{e18|cos|Corsican }}</ref>|| 125,000<ref name=Corsican/> || || [[Corsica]] (France), [[Sardinia]] (Italy) |- | [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]] || crh || Turkic, Kipchak || 480,000<ref>{{e18|crh|Crimean Tatar }}</ref> || || || [[Crimea]] (Ukraine) |- | [[Croatian language|Croatian]] || hr || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian || 5,600,000<ref>{{e18|hrv|Croatian }}</ref>|| || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]] || [[Burgenland]] (Austria), [[Vojvodina]] ([[Serbia]]) |- | [[Czech language|Czech]] || cs || Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech–Slovak || 10,600,000<ref>{{e18|ces|Czech }}</ref> || || [[Czech Republic]] || |- | [[Danish language|Danish]] ||da || Indo-European, Germanic, North || 5,500,000<ref>{{e18|dan|Danish }}</ref>|| || [[Denmark]] || [[Faroe Islands]] (Denmark), [[Schleswig-Holstein]] (Germany)<ref>recognized as official language in Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Flensburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde ([http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 § 82b LVwG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163533/http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 |date=3 August 2018 }})</ref> |- | [[Dargwa language|Dargwa]] ||dar||Northeast Caucasian, Dargin||490,000<ref>{{e18|dar|Dargwa}}</ref>|| || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || nl|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Franconian || 22,000,000<ref>{{e18|nld|Dutch }}</ref> || || [[Belgium]], [[Netherlands]] || |- | [[Elfdalian]] || ovd || Indo-European, Germanic, North || 2000 || || || || |- | [[Emilian dialects|Emilian]] || egl || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || || || |- | [[English language|English]] || en || Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian, Anglic || 63,000,000<ref>{{e18|eng|English }}</ref>|| 260,000,000<ref name=EU2012>[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf Europeans and their Languages] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf |date=6 January 2016 }}, [http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_anx_en.pdf Data for EU27] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429224902/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_anx_en.pdf |date=29 April 2013 }}, published in 2012.</ref> || [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Malta]], [[United Kingdom]] || |- | [[Erzya language|Erzya]] || myv || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Mordvinic || 120,000<ref>{{e18|myv|Erzya}}</ref>|| || || [[Mordovia]] (Russia) |- | [[Estonian language|Estonian]] || et || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 1,165,400<ref>{{e18|est|Estonian }}</ref>|| || [[Estonia]] || |- | [[Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]] || ext || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 200,000<ref>{{e18|ext|Extremaduran}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Fala language|Fala]] || fax || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 11,000<ref>{{e18|fax|Fala}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Faroese language|Faroese]] || fo || Indo-European, Germanic, North || 66,150<ref>{{e18|fao|Faroese }}</ref> || || || [[Faroe Islands]] (Denmark) |- | [[Finnish language|Finnish]] || fi || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 5,400,000<ref>{{e18|fin|Finnish }}</ref>|| || [[Finland]] || [[Sweden]], [[Norway]], [[Republic of Karelia]] (Russia) |- | [[Franco-Provençal language|Franco-Provençal (Arpitan)]] || frp || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance || 140,000<ref>{{e18|frp|Franco-Provençal}}</ref> || || || [[Aosta Valley]] (Italy) |- | [[French language|French]] || fr || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl || 81,000,000<ref>{{e18|fra|French }}</ref>|| 210,000,000<ref name=EU2012/> || [[Belgium]], [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Monaco]], [[Switzerland]], [[Jersey]]|| [[Aosta Valley]]<ref name=statut>{{cite book|title=Le Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI |publisher=Region Vallée d'Aoste |url=http://www.regione.vda.it/amministrazione/autonomia/statutospeciale/titolo6_f.asp |access-date=2 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104223214/http://www.regione.vda.it/amministrazione/autonomia/statutospeciale/titolo6_f.asp |archive-date= 4 November 2011 }}</ref> (Italy |- | [[Frisian languages|Frisian]] || fry<br />frr<br /> stq || Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian || 470,000<ref>{{e18|fry|Frisian}}</ref>|| || || [[Friesland]] (Netherlands), [[Schleswig-Holstein]] (Germany)<ref>recognized as official language in the Nordfriesland district and in Helgoland ([http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 § 82b LVwG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163533/http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 |date=3 August 2018 }}).</ref> |- | [[Friulan language|Friulan]] || fur || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || 600,000<ref>e18|fur|Friulan</ref> || || || [[Friuli]] (Italy) |- | [[Gagauz language|Gagauz]] || gag || Turkic, Oghuz || 140,000<ref>{{e18|gag|Gagauz}}</ref>|| || || [[Gagauzia]] (Moldova) |- | [[Galician language|Galician]] || gl || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 2,400,000<ref>{{e18|glg|Galician }}</ref> || || || [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (Spain), [[Eo-Navia (comarca)|Eo-Navia]] ([[Asturias]]){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Bierzo]] ([[Province of León]]){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} and [[Sanabria (comarca)|Western Sanabria]] ([[Province of Zamora]]){{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[German language|German]] || de || Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German || 97,000,000<ref> includes: bar [[Bavarian language|Bavarian]], cim [[Cimbrian language|Cimbrian]], ksh [[Colognian dialect|Kölsch]], sli [[Silesian German|Lower Silesian]], vmf [[East Franconian German|Mainfränkisch]], pfl [[Palatine German language|Palatinate German]], swg [[Swabian German]], gsw [[Swiss German]], sxu [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]], wae [[Walser German]], wep [[Westphalian language|Westphalian]], wym [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]], yec [[Yenish language|Yenish]], yid [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]; see [[German dialects]]. </ref>|| 170,000,000<ref name=EU2012/> || [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Switzerland]] || [[South Tyrol]],<ref>[http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf Statuto Speciale Per Il Trentino-Alto Adige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126033052/http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf |date=26 November 2018 }} (1972), Art. 99–101.</ref> [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]<ref name="regione.fvg.it">{{cite web| url = https://www.regione.fvg.it/rafvg/cms/RAFVG/cultura-sport/patrimonio-culturale/comunita-linguistiche/FOGLIA7/| title = Official website of the Autonomous Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia}}</ref> (Italy) |- | [[Godoberi language|Godoberi]] || gin || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 130<ref>{{e18|gdo|Godoberi}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Greek language|Greek]] || el || Indo-European, Hellenic || 13,500,000<ref>11 million in Greece, out of 13.4 million in total. {{e18|ell|Greek }}</ref>|| || [[Cyprus]], [[Greece]] || [[Albania]] (Himara, Finiq, Dervican and other southern townships) |- | [[Hinuq language|Hinuq]] || gin || Northeast Caucasian, Tsezic || 350<ref>{{e18|gin|Hinuq}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] || hu || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Ugric || 13,000,000<ref>{{e18|hun|Hungarian }}</ref> || || [[Hungary]] || [[Burgenland]] (Austria), [[Vojvodina]] (Serbia), [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Zakarpattia Oblast|Subcarpathia]] ([[Ukraine]]), [[Prekmurje]], ([[Slovenia]]) |- | [[Hunzib language|Hunzib]] || bph || Northeast Caucasian, Tsezic || 1,400<ref>{{e18|huz|Hunzib}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] || is || Indo-European, Germanic, North || 330,000<ref>{{e18|isl|Icelandic }}</ref> || || [[Iceland]] || |- | [[Ingrian language|Ingrian]] || izh || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 120<ref>{{e18|izh|Ingrian }}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Ingush language|Ingush]] || inh || Northeast Caucasian, Nakh || 300,000<ref>{{e18|inh|Ingush }}</ref>|| || || [[Ingushetia]] (Russia) |- | [[Irish language|Irish]] || ga || Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic || 240,000<ref>{{e18|gle|Irish }}</ref>|| 2,000,000 || [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]|| [[Northern Ireland]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Istriot language|Istriot]] || ist || Indo-European, Romance || 900<ref>{{e18|ist|Istriot }}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-Romanian]] || ruo || Indo-European, Romance, Eastern || 1,100<ref>{{e18|ruo|Istro-Romanian }}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Italian language|Italian]] || it || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian || 65,000,000<ref>{{e18|ita|Italian }}</ref>|| 82,000,000<ref name=EU2012/> || [[Italy]], [[San Marino]], [[Switzerland]], [[Vatican City]] || [[Istria County]] (Croatia), [[Slovenian Istria]] (Slovenia) |- | [[Greek-Bovesian|Italiot Greek]] || mis || Indo-European, Hellenic, Greek, Attic-Ionic||20,000 native speakers in 1981<ref>N. Vincent, Italian, in B. Comrie (ed.) The world's major languages, London, Croom Helm, 1981. pp. 279–302.</ref> || 50,000 || || [[Calabria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it/|title=Consiglio regionale della Calabria|website=www.consiglioregionale.calabria.it}}</ref> ([[Bovesia]]), [[Apulia]]{{CN|date=October 2023}} ([[Salento]]), (Italy) |- | [[Judeo-Italian languages|Judeo-Italian]] || itk || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian|| 250<ref>{{e18|itk|Judeo-Italian }}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)]] || lad || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 320,000<ref>{{e18|lad|Judaeo-Spanish}}</ref>|| few<ref>[[SIL Ethnologue]]: "Not the dominant language for most. Formerly the main language of Sephardic Jewry. Used in literary and music contexts." ca. 100k speakers in total, most of them in Israel, small communities in the Balkans, Greece, Turkey and in Spain.</ref>|| || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[France]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] || kbd ||Northwest Caucasian, Circassian || 530,000<ref>{{e18|kbd|Kabardian }}</ref>|| || || [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] & [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] (Russia) |- | [[Kaitag language|Kaitag]] || xdq || Northeast Caucasian, Dargin || 30,000<ref>{{e18|xdq|Kaitag}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk]] || xal || Mongolic || 80,500<ref>{{e18|xal|Oirat}}</ref>|| || || [[Kalmykia]] (Russia) |- | [[Karata language|Karata]] || kpt || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 260<ref>{{e18|kpt|Karata}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Karelian language|Karelian]] || krl || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 36,000<ref>{{e18|krl|Karelian}}</ref>|| || || [[Republic of Karelia]] (Russia) |- | [[Karachay-Balkar language|Karachay-Balkar]] || krc || Turkic, Kipchak || 300,000<ref>{{e18|krc|Karachay-Balkar}}</ref>|| || || [[Kabardino-Balkaria]] & [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] (Russia) |- | [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]] || csb || Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic || 50,000<ref>{{e18|csb|Kashubian }}</ref>|| || || [[Poland]] |- | [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] || kk || Turkic, Kipchak || 1,000,000<ref>About 10 million in Kazakhstan. {{e18|kaz|Kazakh}}. [[Border between Europe and Asia|Technically]], the westernmost portions of Kazakhstan ([[Atyrau Region]], [[West Kazakhstan Region]]) are in Europe, with a total population of less than one million.</ref>|| || [[Kazakhstan]] || [[Astrakhan Oblast]] (Russia) |- | [[Khwarshi language|Khwarshi]] || khv || Northeast Caucasian, Tsezic || 1,700<ref>{{e18|khv|Khwarshi}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Komi language|Komi]] || kv || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic || 220,000<ref>220,000 native speakers out of an ethnic population of 550,000. Combines Komi-Permyak (koi) with 65,000 speakers and Komi-Zyrian (kpv) with 156,000 speakers. {{e18|kom|Komi}}</ref> || || || [[Komi Republic]] (Russia) |- | [[Kubachi language|Kubachi]] || ugh || Northeast Caucasian, Dargin || 7,000<ref>{{e18|ugh|Kubachi}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Kumyk language|Kumyk]] || kum || Turkic, Kipchak || 450,000<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab6.xls |title=2010 Russian Census |access-date=27 May 2022 |archive-date=6 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006173252/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab6.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Kven language|Kven]] || fkv || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 2000-8000 || || || [[Norway]] |- | [[Lak language|Lak]] || lbe || Northeast Caucasian, Lak || 152,050<ref>{{e18|lbe|Lak}}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Latin language|Latin]] || la || Indo-European, Italic, Latino-Faliscan|| extinct || few<ref>[[Contemporary Latin]]: People fluent in Latin as a second language are probably in the dozens, not hundreds. [[Reginald Foster (Latinist)|Reginald Foster]] (as of 2013) estimated "no more than 100" according to Robin Banerji, [https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21412604 Pope resignation: Who speaks Latin these days?], BBC News, 12 February 2013.</ref>|| [[Vatican City]] || |- | [[Latvian language|Latvian]] || lv || Indo-European, Baltic || 1,750,000<ref>{{e18|lav|Latvian }}</ref>|| || [[Latvia]] || |- | [[Lezgin language|Lezgin]] || lez || Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic || 397,000<ref>{{e18|lez|Lezgic}}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Ligurian (Romance language)|Ligurian]] || lij || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || 500,000<ref>{{e18|lij|Ligurian}}</ref>|| || [[Monaco]] ([[Monégasque dialect]] is the "national language")|| [[Liguria]] (Italy), [[Carloforte]] and [[Calasetta]] ([[Sardinia]], Italy)<ref name="sardegna">{{cite web|title=Legge Regionale 15 ottobre 1997, n. 26|url=http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&file=1997026|publisher=Regione autonoma della Sardegna – Regione Autònoma de Sardigna|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226213750/http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&file=1997026|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="sardegna2">{{cite web|title=Legge Regionale 3 Luglio 2018, n. 22|url=http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/2604?s=374982&v=2&c=93175&t=1&anno=|publisher=Regione autonoma della Sardegna – Regione Autònoma de Sardigna|access-date=21 October 2021|archive-date=5 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305131152/http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/2604?s=374982&v=2&c=93175&t=1&anno=|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Limburgish]] || li<br />lim || Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Franconian || 1,300,000 (2001)<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-11-19|title=Redirected|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/archive-redirect|access-date=2021-03-12|website=Ethnologue|language=en}}</ref> || || || [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]] (Belgium), [[Limburg (Netherlands)|Limburg]] (Netherlands) |- | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] || lt || Indo-European, Baltic || 3,000,000<ref>{{e18|lit|Lithuanian }}</ref>|| || [[Lithuania]] || |- | [[Livonian language|Livonian]] || liv || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 1<ref>{{cite web|title="Kūldaläpš. Zeltabērns" – izdota lībiešu valodas grāmata bērniem un vecākiem|url=https://www.lsm.lv/raksts/dzive--stils/vecaki-un-berni/kuldalaps-zeltaberns--izdota-libiesu-valodas-gramata-berniem-un-vecakiem.a478524/|date=2022-10-18|publisher=Latvijas Sabiedriskie Mediji (LSM.lv)|accessdate=2022-10-22}}</ref> || 210<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.livones.net/valoda/?raksts=8701 |title=LĪBIEŠU VALODAS SITUĀCIJA |access-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202235047/http://www.livones.net/valoda/?raksts=8701 |archive-date=2014-02-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ||[[Latvia]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} || || |- | [[Lombard language|Lombard]] || lmo || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || 3,600,000<ref>{{e18|lmo|Lombard }}</ref>|| || || [[Lombardy]] (Italy) |- | [[Low German|Low German (Low Saxon)]] || nds<br />wep|| Indo-European, Germanic, West || 1,000,000<ref name=nds>2.6 million cited as estimate of all Germans who speak Platt "well or very well" (including L2; 4.3 million cited as the number of all speakers including those with "moderate" knowledge) in 2009. [http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi-artikel/?ressort=ra&dig=2009%2F02%2F21%2Fa0171&cHash=e05509f6d9/ Heute in Bremen. „Ohne Zweifel gefährdet"]. Frerk Möller im Interview, taz, 21.&nbsp;Februar 2009. However, Wirrer (1998) described Low German as "moribund".Jan Wirrer: ''Zum Status des Niederdeutschen.'' In: ''Zeitschrift für Germanistische Linguistik.'' 26, 1998, S.&nbsp;309. The number of native speakers is unknown, estimated at 1 million by SIL Ethnologue. {{e18|nds|Low German}}, {{e18|wep|Westphalian}}</ref>|| 2,600,000<ref name=nds/> || || [[Schleswig-Holstein]] (Germany)<ref>The question whether Low German should be considered as subsumed under "German" as the official language of Germany has a complicated legal history. In the wake of the ratification of the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]] (1998), Schleswig-Holstein has explicitly recognized Low German as a regional language with official status ([http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 § 82b LVwG] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163533/http://www.lexsoft.de/cgi-bin/lexsoft/justizportal_nrw.cgi?xid=148815,381 |date=3 August 2018 }}).</ref><!--allegedly also [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Niedersachsen]], but found no source--> |- | [[Ludic language|Ludic]] || lud || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 300<ref>{{e18|lud|Ludic}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Luxembourgish]] || lb || Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German || 336,000<ref name=ltz>{{e18|ltz|Luxembourgish }}</ref> || 386,000<ref name=ltz/> || [[Luxembourg]] || [[Wallonia]] (Belgium) |- | [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] || mk || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Eastern || 1,400,000<ref>{{e18|mkd|Macedonian }}</ref> || || [[North Macedonia]] || |- | [[East Franconian German|Mainfränkisch]]||vmf|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper || 4,900,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|vmf|Main-Franconian}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Maltese language|Maltese]] || mt || Semitic, Arabic || 520,000<ref>{{e18|mlt|Maltese }}</ref> || || [[Malta]] || |- | [[Manx language|Manx]] || gv || Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic || 230<ref>{{e18|glv|Manx }}</ref> || 2,300<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/apr/02/how-manx-language-came-back-from-dead-isle-of-man |title=How the Manx language came back from the dead |last1=Whitehead |first1=Sarah |date=2 April 2015 |website=[[theguardian.com]]|access-date=4 April 2015}}</ref> || || [[Isle of Man]] |- | [[Mari language|Mari]] || chm<br />mhr<br />mrj || Uralic, Finno-Ugric || 500,000<ref>{{e18|chm|Mari }}</ref> || || || [[Mari El]] (Russia) |- | [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]] || ruq || Indo-European, Romance, Eastern || 3,000<ref>{{e18|ruq|Megleno-Romanian }}</ref> || || || |- | [[Minderico language|Minderico]] || drc || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 500<ref>{{e18|drc|Minderico}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] || mwl || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 15,000<ref>{{e18|mwl|Mirandese }}</ref>|| || || [[Miranda do Douro]] (Portugal) |- | [[Moksha language|Moksha]] || mdf || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Mordvinic || 2,000<ref>{{e18|mdf|Moksha}}</ref>|| || || [[Mordovia]] (Russia) |- |[[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] || cnr || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian || 240,700<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ME/languages|title=Montenegro|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-04-29|language=en}}</ref> || || [[Montenegro]] || |- | [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] || nap || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian || 5,700,000<ref>{{e18|nap|Neapolitan }}</ref>|| || || [[Campania]] (Italy)<ref>In 2008, law was passed by the Region of Campania, stating that the Neapolitan language was to be legally protected. {{cite web |url=http://www.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=548026 |title=Tutela del dialetto, primo via libera al Ddl campano |work=Il Denaro |date=15 October 2008 |access-date=22 June 2013 |language=it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727043316/http://www.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=548026 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |- | [[Nenets language|Nenets]] || yrk || Uralic, Samoyedic || 4,000<ref>total 22,000 native speakers (2010 Russian census) out of an ethnic population of 44,000. Most of these are in Siberia, with about 8,000 ethnic Nenets in European Russia (2010 census, mostly in [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]])</ref>|| || || [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] (Russia) |- | [[Nogai language|Nogai]] || nog || Turkic, Kipchak || 87,000<ref>{{e18|nog|Nogai}}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Norman language|Norman]] || nrf || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl || 50,000<ref>{{e18|nrf|Jèrriais }}</ref>|| || || [[Guernsey]] (United Kingdom), [[Jersey]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] || no || Indo-European, Germanic, North || 5,200,000<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nor|title=Norwegian|work=Ethnologue|access-date=2018-08-06|language=en}}</ref>|| || [[Norway]] || |- | [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || oc || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Occitano-Romance|| 500,000<ref>{{e18|oci|Occitan}}. Includes Auvergnat, Gascon, Languedocien, Limousin, Provençal, Vivaro-Alpine. Most native speakers are in France; their number is unknown, as varieties of Occitan are treated as French dialects with no official status.</ref> || || || [[Catalonia]] (Spain){{refn|The [[Aranese dialect]], in [[Val d'Aran]] county.|group=nb|name=Aranese}} |- | [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] || os || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern || 450,000<ref>Total 570,000, of which 450,000 in the Russian Federation. {{e18|oss|Ossetian}}</ref> || || || [[North Ossetia-Alania]] (Russia), [[South Ossetia]] |- | [[Palatine German language|Palatinate German]]||pfl|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central ||1,000,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|pfl|Palatinate German}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Picard language|Picard]] || pcd || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl || 200,000<ref>{{e18|pcd|Picard }}</ref>|| || || [[Wallonia]] (Belgium) |- | [[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]] || pms || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || 1,600,000<ref>{{e18|pms|Piedmontese }}</ref>|| || || [[Piedmont]] (Italy)<ref>Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament in 1999. [http://www.consiglioregionale.piemonte.it/mzodgint/jsp/AttoSelezionato.jsp?ATTO=61118 Motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, ''Approvazione da parte del Senato del Disegno di Legge che tutela le minoranze linguistiche sul territorio nazionale – Approfondimenti'', approved unanimously on 15 December 1999], [http://www.gioventurapiemonteisa.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/odg1118.pdf Text of motion 1118 in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament, ''Consiglio Regionale del Piemonte, Ordine del Giorno 1118''].</ref> |- | [[Polish language|Polish]] || pl || Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic || 38,500,000<ref>{{e18|pol|Polish }}</ref> || || [[Poland]] || |- | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || pt || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian || 10,000,000<ref>{{e18|por|Portuguese }}</ref>|| || [[Portugal]] || |- | [[Rhaeto-Romance languages|Rhaeto-Romance]] || fur<br />lld<br />roh || Indo-European, Romance, Western || 370,000<ref>Includes [[Friulian language|Friulian]], [[Romansh language|Romansh]], [[Ladin language|Ladin]]. {{e18|fur|Friulian}} {{e18|lld|Ladin}} {{e18|roh|Romansch}}</ref>|| || [[Switzerland]] || [[Veneto]] [[Province of Belluno|Belluno]], [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], [[South Tyrol]],<ref>[http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf Statuto Speciale Per Il Trentino-Alto Adige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126033052/http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf |date=26 November 2018 }} (1972), Art. 102.</ref> & [[Trentino]] (Italy) |- | [[Ripuarian language|Ripuarian (Platt)]] || ksh || Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central || 900,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|ksh|Kölsch}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Romagnol dialects|Romagnol]] || rgn || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Italic || || || || |- | [[Romani language|Romani]] || rom || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western || 1,500,000<ref> {{e18|rmn|Romani, Balkan}} {{e18|rml|Romani, Baltic}} {{e18|rmc|Romani, Carpathian}} {{e18|rmf|Romani, Finnish}} {{e18|rmo|Romani, Sinte}} {{e18|rmy|Romani, Vlax }} {{e18|rmw|Romani, Welsh}}</ref> || || || [[Kosovo]]{{refn|group=nb|name=Kosovo}}<ref>[[Constitution of Kosovo]], [http://kushtetutakosoves.info/repository/docs/Constitution.of.the.Republic.of.Kosovo.pdf p. 8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011113028/http://www.kushtetutakosoves.info/repository/docs/Constitution.of.the.Republic.of.Kosovo.pdf|date=11 October 2017}}</ref> |- | [[Romanian language|Romanian]] || ro || Indo-European, Romance, Eastern ||24,000,000<ref>{{e18|ron|Romanian }}</ref>|| 28,000,000<ref name="28mil">{{cite web|title=Româna|url=http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro|website=unilat.org|publisher=[[Latin Union]]|access-date=2 April 2018|language=ro|archive-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029141605/http://unilat.org/DPEL/Promotion/L_Odyssee_des_langues/Roumain/ro|url-status=dead}}</ref> || [[Moldova]], [[Romania]] || [[Mount Athos]] (Greece), [[Vojvodina]] (Serbia) |- | [[Russian language|Russian]] || ru || Indo-European, Slavic, East || 106,000,000<ref name="rus">L1: 119 million in the Russian Federation (of which c. 83 million in [[European Russia]]), 14.3 million in Ukraine, 6.67 million in Belarus, 0.67 million in Latvia, 0.38 million in Estonia, 0.38 million in Moldova. L1+L2: c. 100 million in European Russia, 39 million in Ukraine, 7 million in Belarus, 7 million in Poland, 2 million in Latvia, c. 2 million in the European portion of Kazakhstan, 1.8 million in Moldova, 1.1 million in Estonia. {{e18|rus|Russian}}.</ref>|| 160,000,000<ref name=rus/> || [[Belarus]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Russia]] || [[Mount Athos]] (Greece), [[Gagauzia]] (Moldova), [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester|Left Bank of the Dniester]] (Moldova), [[Ukraine]] |- | [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]] || rue || Indo-European, Slavic, East || 70,000<ref>{{e18|rue|Rusyn}}</ref>|| || || |- |[[Rutul language|Rutul]] || rut || Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic || 36,400<ref>{{e18|rut|Rutul}}</ref> || || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Sami languages|Sami]] || se || Uralic, Finno-Ugric || 23,000<ref>mostly [[Northern Sami]] (sma), ca. 20,000 speakers; smaller communities of [[Lule Sami]] (smj, c. 2,000 speakers) and other variants. {{e18|sme|Northern Sami}}, {{e18|smj|Lule Sami}} {{e18|sma|Southern Sami}}, {{e18|sjd|Kildin Sami}}, {{e18|sms|Skolt Sami}}, {{e18|smn|Inari Sami}}.</ref>|| || [[Norway]] || [[Sweden]], [[Finland]] |- | [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] || sc || Indo-European, Romance || 1,350,000<ref>AA. VV. ''Calendario Atlante De Agostini 2017'', Novara, Istituto Geografico De Agostini, 2016, p. 230</ref>|| || || [[Sardinia]] (Italy) |- | [[Scots language|Scots]] || sco || Indo-European, Germanic, West, Anglo-Frisian, Anglic ||110,000<ref>{{e18|sco|Scots }}</ref>|| || || [[Scotland]] (United Kingdom), [[County Donegal]] (Republic of Ireland), [[Northern Ireland]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Scottish Gaelic]] || gd || Indo-European, Celtic, Goidelic ||57,000<ref>{{e18|gla|Gaelic, Scottish }}</ref>|| || || [[Scotland]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Serbian language|Serbian]] || sr || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western, Serbo-Croatian ||9,000,000<ref>{{e18|srp|Serbian }}</ref> || || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Kosovo]]{{refn|group=nb|name=Kosovo}}, [[Serbia]] || [[Croatia]], [[Mount Athos]] (Greece), [[North Macedonia]], [[Montenegro]] |- | [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] || scn || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian ||4,700,000<ref>{{e18|scn|Sicilian }}</ref> || || || [[Sicily]] (Italy) |- | [[Silesian language|Silesian]] || szl || Indo-European, Slavic, West, Lechitic ||522,000<ref>{{e19|szl|Silesian }}</ref> || || || |- | [[Silesian German]]||sli|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central || 11,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|sli|Lower Silesian}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Slovak language|Slovak]] || sk || Indo-European, Slavic, West, Czech–Slovak ||5,200,000<ref>{{e18|slk|Slovak }}</ref> || || [[Slovakia]] || [[Vojvodina]] (Serbia), [[Czech Republic]] |- | [[Slovene language|Slovene]] || sl || Indo-European, Slavic, South, Western ||2,100,000<ref>{{e18|slv|Slovene }}</ref> || || [[Slovenia]] || [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]<ref name="regione.fvg.it"/> (Italy) |- | [[Sorbian languages|Sorbian (Wendish)]] || wen || Indo-European, Slavic, West||20,000<ref>{{e18|hsb|Sorbian, Upper }}</ref>|| || || [[Brandenburg]] & [[Sachsen]] (Germany)<ref>GVG § 184 Satz 2; VwVfGBbg § 23 Abs. 5; SächsSorbG § 9, right to use Sorbian in communication with the authorities guaranteed for the "Sorbian settlement area" (''Sorbisches Siedlungsgebiet'', [[Lusatia]]).</ref> |- | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || es || Indo-European, Romance, Western, West Iberian ||47,000,000<ref>{{e18|spa|Spanish }}</ref> ||76,000,000<ref name=EU2012/> || [[Spain]] || [[Gibraltar]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Swabian German]]||swg|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic || 820,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|swg|Swabian German}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Swedish language|Swedish]] || sv || Indo-European, Germanic, North ||11,100,000<ref name=sv>{{e18|swe|Swedish }}</ref>|| 13,280,000<ref name=sv/> || [[Sweden]], [[Finland]], [[Åland]] and [[Estonia]] || |- | [[Swiss German]]||gsw|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic || 5,000,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|swg|Swiss German}}</ref>|| || [[Switzerland]] (as [[German-speaking Switzerland|German]]) || |- | [[Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]] || tab || Northeast Caucasian, Lezgic || 126,900<ref>{{e18|tab|Tabassaran }}</ref>|| || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]] || ttt || Indo-European, Iranian, Western || 30,000<ref> {{e18|ttt|Tat}}, {{e18|jdt|Judeo-Tat}} 2,000 speakers in the Russian Federation according to the 2010 census (including [[Judeo-Tat]]). About 28,000 speakers in Azerbaijan; most speakers live along or just north of the Caucasus ridge (and are thus technically in Europe), with some also settling just south of the Caucasus ridge, in the [[South Caucasus]].</ref>|| || || [[Dagestan]] (Russia) |- | [[Tatar language|Tatar]] || tt || Turkic, Kipchak ||4,300,000<ref>{{e18|tat|Tatar}}</ref> || || || [[Tatarstan]] (Russia) |- | [[Tindi language|Tindi]] || tin || Northeast Caucasian, Avar–Andic || 2,200<ref>{{e18|tin|Tindi}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Tsez language|Tsez]] || ddo || Northeast Caucasian, Tsezic || 13,000<ref>{{e18|ddi|Tsez}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || tr || Turkic, Oghuz||15,752,673<ref>c. 12 million in [[European Turkey]], 0.6 million in Bulgaria, 0.6 million in Cyprus and Northern Cyprus; and 2,679,765 L1 speakers in other countries in Europe according to a [[Eurobarometer]] survey in 2012: https://languageknowledge.eu/languages/turkish</ref>|| || [[Turkey]], [[Cyprus]] || [[Northern Cyprus]] |- | [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]] || udm || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Permic ||340,000<ref>{{e18|udm|Udmurt}}</ref> || || || [[Udmurtia]] (Russia) |- | [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] || uk || Indo-European, Slavic, East||32,600,000<ref>{{e18|ukr|Ukrainian }}</ref>|| || [[Ukraine]] || [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester|Left Bank of the Dniester]] (Moldova) |- | [[Upper Saxon German|Upper Saxon]]||sxu|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Central || 2,000,000<ref>[[German dialect]], {{e18|sxu|Upper Saxon German}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Veps language|Vepsian]] || vep || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic ||1,640<ref>Russian Census 2010. {{e18|vep|Veps}}</ref>|| || || [[Republic of Karelia]] (Russia) |- | [[Venetian language|Venetian]] || vec || Indo-European, Romance, Italo-Dalmatian ||3,800,000<ref>{{e18|vec|Venetian }}</ref>|| || || [[Veneto]] (Italy)<ref>A motion to recognise Venetian as an official regional language has been approved by the [[Regional Council of Veneto]] in 2007. {{cite web |title=Consiglio Regionale Veneto – Leggi Regionali |url=http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2007/07lr0008.html?numLegge=8&annoLegge=2007&tipoLegge=Alr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ILc8Mb9J?url=http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2007/07lr0008.html?numLegge=8 |archive-date=24 July 2013 |access-date=2009-05-06 |publisher=Consiglioveneto.it}}</ref> |- | [[Võro language|Võro]] || vro || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic ||87,000<ref>{{e18|vro|Võro }}</ref> || || || [[Võru County]] (Estonia) |- | [[Votic language|Votic]] || vot || Uralic, Finno-Ugric, Finnic || 21<ref>{{Cite web |title=Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Таблица 6. Население по родному языку. |trans-title=Results of the All-Russian population census 2020. Table 6. population according to native language. |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=rosstat.gov.ru |archive-date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124160257/http://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn_popul |url-status=dead }}</ref> || || || |- | [[Walloon language|Walloon]] || wa || Indo-European, Romance, Western, Gallo-Romance, Oïl ||600,000<ref>{{e18|wln|Walloon }}</ref>|| || || [[Wallonia]] (Belgium) |- | [[Walser German]]||wae|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, Upper, Alemannic || 20,000<ref>[[Highest Alemannic]] dialects, {{e18|wae|Walser German}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Welsh language|Welsh]] || cy || Indo-European, Celtic, Brittonic ||562,000<ref>{{e18|cym|Welsh }}</ref>|| 750,000 || || [[Wales]] (United Kingdom) |- | [[Wymysorys language|Wymysorys]]||wym|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German || 70<ref>Moribund German dialect spoken in [[Wilamowice]], Poland. 70 speakers recorded in 2006. {{e18|wym|Wymysorys}}</ref>|| || || |- | [[Yenish language|Yenish]]||yec|| Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German || 16,000<ref>{{e18|yec|Yenish}}</ref>|| || || [[Switzerland]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] || yi || Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German ||600,000<ref>Total population estimated at 1.5 million as of 1991, of which c. 40% in the Ukraine. {{e18|yid|Yiddish }}, {{e18|ydd| Eastern Yiddish }}, {{e18|yih|Western Yiddish }}</ref>|| || || [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Netherlands]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Poland]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Romania]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Sweden]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}}, [[Ukraine]]{{refn|Recognized and protected, but not official.|group=nb|name=Not Official}} |- | [[Zeelandic]] || zea || Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Franconian || 220,000<ref>{{e18|zea|Zeelandic}}</ref> || || || |} === Harsuna da ake magana da su a Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Jojiya, da Turkiyya === There [[Definition of Europe|are various definitions of Europe]], which may or may not include all or parts of Turkey, Cyprus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. For convenience, the languages and associated statistics for all five of these countries are grouped together on this page, as they are usually presented at a national, rather than subnational, level. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! rowspan=2|Name ! rowspan=2|[[ISO-639|ISO-<br />639]] ! rowspan=2|Classification ! colspan=2| Speakers in expanded geopolitical Europe ! colspan=2|Official status |- !data-sort- type="number" style="width:90pt;"|L1 !data-sort-type="number"|L1+L2 !National{{refn|[[List of sovereign states|Sovereign states]], defined as [[United Nations]] member states and observer states. 'Recognised minority language' status is not included.|group=nb}} !Regional |- | [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || ab || Northwest Caucasian, Abazgi || Abkhazia/Georgia:<ref>Abkhazia is a de facto state recognized by Russia and a handful of other states, but considered by Georgia to be ruling over a Georgian region</ref> 191,000<ref>{{e18|abk|Abkhazian}}</ref><br />Turkey: 44,000<ref name=Lewis>{{cite web | editor-last = Lewis | editor-first = M. Paul | title = Ethnologue report for Turkey (Asia) | work = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | publisher = SIL International | year = 2009 | url = http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=TRA | access-date = 2009-09-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100707065422/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=TRA | archive-date = 2010-07-07 | url-status = dead }}</ref>|| ||Abkhazia||Abkhazia |- | [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] (West Circassian) || ady || Northwest Caucasian, Circassian || Turkey: 316,000<ref name=Lewis/>|| || || |- | [[Albanian language|Albanian]] || sq || Indo-European, Albanian || Turkey: 66,000 (Tosk)<ref name=Lewis/> || || || |- | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || ar || Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, West || Turkey: 2,437,000 <small>Not counting post-2014 Syrian refugees</small><ref name="Lewis"/> || || || |- | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || hy || Indo-European, Armenian || [[Armenia]]: 3 million<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.armstat.am/file/article/1._bajin_5_583-664.pdf|title=Armenian 2011 census data, chapter 5}}</ref><br />Azerbaijan: 145,000 {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<br />Georgia: around 0.2 million ethnic Armenians <small>(Abkhazia: 44,870<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html| title = Ethno-Caucasus – Население Кавказа – Республика Абхазия – Население Абхазии}}</ref>)</small><br />Turkey: 61,000<ref name=Lewis/><br />Cyprus: 668<ref name="CoE 2014">{{cite report |author=Council of Europe|date=2014-01-16|title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Fourth periodical presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter. CYPRUS|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/Report/PeriodicalReports/CyprusPR4_en.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|3}} || || Armenia<br />Azerbaijan|| Cyprus |- | [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || az || Turkic, Oghuz || Azerbaijan 9 million{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<ref>Azeri community in Dagestan excluded</ref><br />Turkey: 540,000<ref name=Lewis/><br />[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] 0.2 million|| || Azerbaijan || |- | [[Bats language|Batsbi]] || bbl || Northeast Caucasian, Nakh || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]: 500<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1041.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger|website=www.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-17}}</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || |- | [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] || bg || Indo-European, Slavic, South || [[Turkey]]: 351,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || || |- | [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]] || crh || Turkic, Kipchak || [[Turkey]]: 100,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || || |- | [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || ka || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]: 3,224,696<ref name=GeorgiaCensus/> <br /> [[Turkey]]: 151,000<ref name=Lewis/> <br /> [[Azerbaijan]]: 9,192 ethnic Georgians<ref name="Azer2009">[http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls Censuses of Republic of Azerbaijan 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130101713/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls|date=30 November 2012 }}</ref> || || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || |- | [[Greek language|Greek]] || el || Indo-European, Hellenic || Cyprus: 679,883<ref name="Euromosaic">{{cite web|title=Cyprus|work=Euromosaic III|url=http://ec.europa.eu/languages/documents/cy_en.pdf|access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref>{{rp|2.2}} <br /> Turkey: 3,600<ref name=Lewis/> || || Cyprus || |- | [[Juhuri language|Juhuri]] || jdt || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Southwest || Azerbaijan: 24,000 (1989)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tedsnet.de/georgien/Azer.html |title=Ethnologue: Azerbaijan |publisher=Tedsnet.de |date= |accessdate=2021-12-03 |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922172424/http://tedsnet.de/georgien/Azer.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || |- | [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] || kur || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Northwest || Turkey: 15 million<ref name="pop">[[SIL Ethnologue|SIL ''Ethnologue'']] gives estimates, broken down by dialect group, totalling 31 million, but with the caveat of "Very provisional figures for Northern Kurdish speaker population". ''Ethnologue'' estimates for dialect groups: Northern: 20.2M (undated; 15M in Turkey for 2009), Central: 6.75M (2009), Southern: 3M (2000), Laki: 1M (2000). The Swedish ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]'' listed Kurdish in its "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), citing an estimate of 20.6 million native speakers. </ref><br />Azerbaijan: 9,000{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<!-- number is for ethnic Kurds--> || || || |- | [[Kurdish language|Kurmanji]] || kmr || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Southwest || Turkey: 8.13 million<ref>{{cite journal| title=Mutual intelligibility of a Kurmanji and a Zazaki dialect spoken in the province of Elazığ, Turkey | publisher=De Gruyter academic publishing | date= 1 December 2021 | doi=10.1515/applirev-2020-0151 | last1=Ozek | first1=Fatih | last2=Saglam | first2=Bilgit | last3=Gooskens | first3=Charlotte | journal=Applied Linguistics Review | volume=14 | issue=5 | pages=1411–1449 | s2cid=244782650 | doi-access=free }}</ref> <br />Armenia: 33,509<ref name="armstat.am">{{cite web|url=http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf|title=Article|website=armstat.am}}</ref><br />Georgia: 14,000 {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} <!-- number is for ethnic Kurds--> || || || Armenia |- | [[Laz language|Laz]] || lzz || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan, Zan || Turkey: 20,000<ref name="laz_ethnologue">{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lzz |title=Laz |work=[[Ethnologue]]}}</ref> <br /> Georgia: 2,000<ref name="laz_ethnologue"/> || || || |- | [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]] || ruq || Indo-European, Italic, Romance, East || Turkey: 4–5,000<ref>[[Thede Kahl]] (2006): The islamisation of the Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians): The village of Nânti (Nótia) and the "Nântinets" in present-day Turkey, Nationalities Papers, 34:01, p80-81: "Assuming that nearly the total population of Nânti emigrated, then the number of emigrants must have been around 4,000. If the reported number of people living there today is added, the whole Meglen Vlachs population is c. 5,000. Although that number is only a rough estimate and may be exaggerated by the individual interviewees, it might correspond to reality."</ref><!-- note this is ethnic population, not speakers. Fix when possible-->|| || || |- | [[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] || xmf || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan, Zan || Georgia (including Abkhazia): 344,000<ref>{{cite web| url = http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10906| title = Endangered Languages Project: Mingrelian| access-date = 25 February 2024| archive-date = 23 May 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240523050619/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10906| url-status = dead}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Pontic Greek language|Pontic Greek]] || pnt || Indo-European, Hellenic || Turkey: greater than 5,000<ref name="Özkan">{{cite journal|last=Özkan|first=Hakan|title=The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims in the villages of Beşköy in the province of present-day Trabzon|journal=Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies|year=2013|volume=37|issue=1|pages=130–150|doi=10.1179/0307013112z.00000000023}}</ref><br />Armenia: 900 ethnic [[Caucasus Greeks]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf| title = 2011 Armenian Census}}</ref><br />Georgia: 5,689 [[Caucasus Greeks]]<ref name=GeorgiaCensus>{{cite web |url = http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |title = 2014 Georgian census |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205175903/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Romani language]] and [[Domari language]] || rom, dmt || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indic || Turkey: 500,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || || |- | [[Russian language|Russian]] || ru || Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic || Armenia: 15,000<ref name="demoscope251">{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php|script-title=ru:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве|publisher=Demoscope.ru|access-date=2016-08-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025204352/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php|archive-date=2016-10-25|title= }}</ref><br />Azerbaijan: 250,000<ref name="demoscope251"/><br />Georgia: 130,000<ref name="demoscope251"/> || Armenia: about 0.9 million<ref name="demoscope329">{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0329/tema03.php|script-title=ru:Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские|website=demoscope.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023011719/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0329/tema03.php|archive-date=2016-10-23|title= }}</ref> <br /> Azerbaijan: about 2.6 million<ref name="demoscope329"/><!-- 26% fluent in Russian--><br /> Georgia: about 1 million<ref name="demoscope329"/><!-- 27% fluent in Russian--><br />Cyprus: 20,984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/548284B11BF2A3B1C2257A06003204B2?OpenDocument&print |script-title=el:Στατιστική Υπηρεσία – Πληθυσμός και Κοινωνικές Συνθήκες – Απογραφή Πληθυσμού – Ανακοινώσεις – Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού, 2011 |language=el |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=2013-06-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507080606/http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/548284B11BF2A3B1C2257A06003204B2?OpenDocument&print |archive-date=2013-05-07 |title= }}</ref> || Abkhazia<br />South Ossetia || Armenia <br /> Azerbaijan |- | [[Svan language|Svan]] || sva || Kartvelian, Svan || Georgia (incl. Abkhazia): 30,000<ref>{{cite web| url = http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3042| title = Endangered Languages Project: Svan| access-date = 25 February 2024| archive-date = 22 February 2024| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240222234936/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3042| url-status = dead}}</ref> || || || |- | [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]] || ttt || Indo-European, Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Southwest || Azerbaijan: 10,000<ref name="John M. Clifton 2005">John M. Clifton, Gabriela Deckinga, Laura Lucht, Calvin Tiessen, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.487.2395&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Sociolinguistic Situation of the Tat and Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan,"] In Clifton, ed., Studies in Languages of Azerbaijan, vol. 2 (Azerbaijan & St Petersburg, Russia: Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan & SIL International 2005). Page 3.</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || |- | [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || tr || Turkic, Oghuz || Turkey: 66,850,000<ref name=Lewis/> <br /> Cyprus: 1,405<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite book |date=June 2013 |chapter=Population enumerated by age, sex, language spoken and district (1.10.2011) (sheet D1A) |title=Population – Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, 2011 |publisher=CYstat |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/8B96E149FE049F49C2257AD90055559F/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_FOREIGN_LANG-EN-140613.xls?OpenElement}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> + 265,100 in the North<ref name=census2006>{{cite web|url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf |title=Census.XLS |access-date=14 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116120824/http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><!-- it is known that 99.9% of North Cypriots speak Turkish but it would be nice if we had a source actually counting number of speakers here-->|| || Turkey <br /> Cyprus <br /> Northern Cyprus || |} == Al'ummomin ƙaura == Recent (post–1945) [[immigration to Europe]] introduced substantial communities of speakers of non-European languages.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> The largest such communities include [[Arabic language|Arabic]] speakers (see [[Arabs in Europe]]) and [[Turkish language|Turkish]] speakers (beyond [[European Turkey]] and the historical sphere of influence of the [[Ottoman Empire]], see [[Turks in Europe]]).<ref name="Cole 2011 loc=367">{{citation |last=Cole|first=Jeffrey|author-link=Jeffrey Cole|year=2011|title=Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-302-6|page=367}}</ref> [[Armenian diaspora|Armenians]], [[Berbers]], and [[Kurds]] have diaspora communities of {{circa}} 1–2,000,000 each. The various [[languages of Africa]] and [[languages of India]] form numerous smaller diaspora communities. ;List of the largest immigrant languages <!--Only NON-European languages [special case: transcontinental countries, mostly concerns Turkish and Azeri]. Distinguish the size of the ethnic diaspora from the number of actual native speakers according to national censuses. --> <!-- atm, list communities with more than 200k native speakers in Europe]--> {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Name !! ISO 639 !! Classification !! Native !! Ethnic diaspora |- |[[Arabic language|Arabic]] ||ar ||Afro-Asiatic, Semitic || 5,000,000<ref> [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/FR France]: 4,000,000, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/DE Germany]: 500k (2015), [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ES Spain]: 200k [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB UK]: 159k (2011 census) </ref>|| 12,000,000<ref>[[Arab diaspora]], mostly in France, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, current size unknown due to the [[European migrant crisis]] of 2015–present.</ref> |- |[[Turkish language|Turkish]] ||tr || Turkic, Oghuz || 3,000,000<ref> [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/DE Germany]: 1,510k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/FR France]: 444k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NL Netherlands]: 388k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/AT Austria]: 197k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/RU Russia]: 146k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB UK]: 99k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CH Switzerland]: 44k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/SE Sweden]: 44.</ref> || 7,000,000<ref>See [[Turks in Europe]]: only counting recent (post-Ottoman era) immigration: [[Turks in Germany|Germany]]: 4,000,000, [[Turks in France|France]]: 1,000,000, [[Turks in the United Kingdom|UK]]: 500,000, [[Turks in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]: 500,000, [[Turks in Austria|Austria]]: 400,000, [[Turks in Switzerland|Switzerland]], [[Turks in Sweden|Sweden]] and [[Turks in Russia|Russia]]: 200,000 each. </ref> |- |[[Armenian language|Armenian]] || hy || Indo-European || 1,000,000<ref name="Armenian_L1">830k [[Languages of Russia#Migrant languages|in Russia]] (2010 census), 100k in Ukraine ([https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/hye/ SIL Ethnologue 2015]). </ref>|| 3,000,000<ref>2,000,000 [[Armenians in Russia]]. [[Armenians in France|France]] 750k, [[Armenians in Ukraine|Ukraine]] 100k, [[Armenians in Germany|Germany]] 100k, [[Armenians in Greece|Greece]] 60-80k, [[Armenians in Spain|Spain]] 40k, [[Armenians in Belgium|Belgium]] 30k, [[Armenians in the Czech Republic|Czechia]] 12k, [[Armenians in Sweden|Sweden]] 12k, [[Armenians in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] 10-22k, [[Armenians in Belarus|Belarus]] 8k, [[Armenians in Austria|Austria]] 6k, [[Armenians in Poland|Poland]] 3-50k, [[Armenians in Hungary|Hungary]] 3-30k, [[Armenian-Dutch|Netherlands]] 3-9k, [[Armenians in Switzerland|Switzerland]] 3-5k, [[Armenians in Cyprus|Cyprus]] 3k, [[Armenians in Moldova|Moldova]] 1-3k, [[Armenians in the United Kingdom|UK]] 1-2k. </ref> |- |[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] || ku || Indo-European, Iranian, Western || 600,000<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/DE Germany]: 541k</ref> || 1,000,000<ref>[[Kurdish population]]: mostly [[Kurds in Germany]], [[Kurds in France]], [[Kurds in Sweden]].</ref> |- |[[Bengali–Assamese languages|Bengali–Assamese]] || bn as syl || Indo-European, Indo-Aryan ||600,000<ref>Sylheti: 300k in the UK, Bengali: 221k in the UK.</ref> || 1,000,000<ref>see [[British Indian]], [[Bangladeshi diaspora]], [[Bengali diaspora]].</ref> |- |[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || az || Turkic, Oghuz || 500,000<ref>515k [[Languages of Russia#Migrant languages|in Russia]] (2010 census)</ref>|| 700,000<ref>[[Azerbaijani diaspora]]: Russia 600k, Ukraine 45k, not counting 400,000 in Azerbajian's [[Quba-Khachmaz economic region|Quba-Khachmaz Region]] ([[Shabran District]], [[Khachmaz District]], [[Quba District (Azerbaijan)|Quba District]], [[Qusar District]], [[Siazan District|Siyazan District]]) technically in Europe (being north of the [[Caucasus]] watershed).</ref> |- |[[Kabyle language|Kabyle]] || kab || Afro-Asiatic, Berber || 500,000<ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/country/FR France]: 500k</ref> || 1,000,000<ref>[[Kabyle people]] in France: 1,000,000.</ref> |- |[[Chinese language|Chinese]]||zh ||Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic || 300,000<ref>Germany 120k, Russia: 70k, UK 66k, Spain 20k.</ref> || 2,000,000<ref>[[Overseas Chinese]]: France 700,000, UK: 500,000, Russia: 300,000, Italy: 300,000, Germany: 200,000, Spain: 100,000.</ref> |- |[[Urdu]]||ur||Indo-European, Indo-Aryan|| 300,000<ref>[[Languages of the United Kingdom|UK]]: 269k (2011 census).</ref>||1,800,000<ref>[[Pakistani diaspora]], the majority [[Pakistanis in the UK]].</ref> |- |[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] || uz|| Turkic, Karluk ||300,000<ref>Russia: 274k (2010 census)</ref> ||2,000,000<ref>see [[Uzbeks in Russia]].</ref> |- |[[Persian language|Persian]] || fa || Indo-European, Iranian, Western || 300,000<ref>UK: 76k, Sweden: 74k, Germany: 72k, France 40k.</ref> || 400,000<ref>[[Iranian diaspora]]: Germany: 100k, Sweden: 100k, UK: 50k, Russia: 50k, Netherlands: 35k, Denmark: 20k.</ref> |- |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || pa || Indo-European, Indo-Aryan ||300,000<ref>UK: 280k</ref> ||700,000<ref>see [[British Punjabis]]</ref> |- |[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || gu|| Indo-European, Indo-Aryan ||200,000<ref>UK: 213k</ref> ||600,000<ref>see [[Gujarati people#Diaspora|Gujarati diaspora]]</ref> |- |[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || ta || Dravidian || 200,000<ref>[[Languages of the United Kingdom|UK]]: 101k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/DE Germany]: 35k, [[Languages of Switzerland|Switzerland]]: 22k.</ref>|| 500,000<ref>[[Tamil diaspora]]: UK 300k, [[Tamils in France|France]] 100k, Germany 50k, Switzerland 40k,u Netherlands, 20k, Norway 10k.</ref> |- |[[Somali language|Somali]] || so || Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic || 200,000<ref> [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GB UK]: 86k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/SE Sweden]: 53k, [https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IT Italy]: 50k</ref> || 400,000<ref>[[Somali diaspora]]: UK: 114k, Sweden: 64k, Norway: 42k, Netherlands: 39k, Germany: 34k, Denmark: 21k, Finland: 19k.</ref> |} == Don Karatu == {{Portal|Europe|Language}} * [[Ethnic groups in Europe]] * [[Eurolinguistics]] * [[European Day of Languages]] * [[Greek East and Latin West|''Greek East'' and ''Latin West'']] * [[List of endangered languages in Europe]] * [[Multilingual countries and regions of Europe|List of multilingual countries and regions of Europe]] * [[Standard Average European]] * [[Travellingua]] == Duba == {{reflist|group=nb|30em}} == Manazarta == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Mahadan Waje == {{Commons category|Languages of Europe}} * {{cite web |title=The Alphabets of Europe |url=http://www.evertype.com/alphabets |first=Michael |last=Everson |publisher=evertype.com |year=2001 |access-date=19 March 2010}} * {{cite web |title=Europe's Mosaic of Languages|url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2011081855 |first=Harald |last=Haarmann |publisher=[[Institute of European History]] |year=2011 |language=en |access-date=2 November 2011}} * {{cite web |title=Scpraaxoi in Europa |first1=Stefan |last1=Reissmann |first2=Urion |last2=Argador |url=http://www.argador.info/skope/tero/Regioi/Europa/kultur/scpraaxoi/index.html |language=eo, en, de |publisher=Reissmann & Argador |year=2006 |access-date=2 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622183043/http://www.argador.info/skope/tero/Regioi/Europa/kultur/scpraaxoi/index.html |archive-date=22 June 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} * [http://www.map.language-diversity.eu/ Map of Minorities & Regional and Minority Languages of Europe, Language Diversity (2017)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409044913/http://www.map.language-diversity.eu/ |date=9 April 2022 }} * {{cite web |title=Europako Mapa linguistikoa |url=http://www.muturzikin.com/carteseurope/europe.htm |first=Mutur |last=Zikin |publisher=muturzikin.com |date=2007 |language=eu |access-date=2 November 2009}} {{Languages of Europe}} {{Countries and languages lists}} {{Eurasian languages}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Languages Of Europe}} [[Category:Languages of Europe| ]] 9n1uw6p69fg96hb9vm0lxi773ru8faq Harshen ku 0 72021 891318 540993 2026-08-04T12:08:19Z Baffa ali 47435 891318 wikitext text/x-wiki Harshen mu shine kamar haka: hausa ingilishi (English) dasauransu.{{Stub}} [[Fayil:Ku Klux Klan Honor Society Illinois.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ku Klux Klan Honor Society Logo.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ku Klux Klan Honor Society Logo.png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Emblem of the Ku Klux Klan.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ku Klux Klan members march down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C. in 1928.jpg|thumb]] == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Flag of the Ku Klux Klan.svg|thumb]] "'''Harshen Ku'''" kuma shine ISO 639-1 Harshe na Harshen Kurdawa.Ku (autonym: ku55) gungu ne na harshen Loloish na kudu maso gabashin Yunnan, ta kasar [[Sin|China]]. == Ire-iren == Akwai nau'ikan Ku guda uku daban-daban.<ref>https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/home</ref>Masu iya magana na kowannensu suna daukar kansu a matsayin kabilu daban-daban.<ref>https://zenodo.org/record/1127796</ref> Duk da haka, a hukumance gwamnatin kasar Sin ta sanya su a matsayin kabilar Yi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_language#cite_note-3</ref> # Ku (autonym: ku55) is spoken in Bainitang 白泥塘,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198759 |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2017-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202105550/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198759 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province. They are also locally known as the Bo (Chinese: 僰人; pinyin: Bó rén), and continue to build hanging coffins. The Ku of Bainitang claim that their ancestors had migrated from Yibin, Sichuan. 2. Another variety of Ku (autonym: ku55) in Wujiazhai 五家寨,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198738 |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2017-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213013151/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198738 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan Province is unintelligible with Ku of Bainitang 白泥塘. 3. Ku of Shidongmen 石洞门,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=86779 |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2017-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227184107/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=86779 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Xijide Village 西基得村, Zhulin Township 珠琳镇, Guangnan County, Yunnan Province == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qajjj5ic4hslan8yg6sb66h41v458wo Gumuz harshe 0 72748 891563 504393 2026-08-05T04:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891563 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gumuzgirl.JPG|thumb|mace a gumuz]]  {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of the Benishangul-Gumuz Region.svg|thumb|tutar Yankin gumuz]] '''Gumuz''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''Gumaz''' ) [[Tarin yare|gungu ne na yare]] da ake magana a kan iyakar [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da [[Sudan]] . An rarraba shi cikin ɗan lokaci a cikin dangin [[Harsunan Nilo-Saharan|Nilo-Saharan]] . Galibin masu magana da harshen Habasha suna zaune ne a shiyyar Kamashi da [[Metekel Zone|Metekel]] na [[yankin Benishangul-Gumuz]], duk da cewa an bayar da rahoton cewa gungun mutane 1,000 suna zaune a wajen garin [[Welkite]] (Unseth 1989). Masu magana da Sudan suna zaune a yankin gabashin [[Iya Roseires|Er Roseires]], kusa da [[Famaka]] da [[Fazoglo]] a kan kogin [[Blue Nile]], wanda ya ke arewa da kan iyaka. Dimmendaal et al. (2019) suna zargin cewa nau'ikan da ba a tabbatar da su ba da ake magana a bakin kogin sun ƙunshi yare dabam dabam, [[harshen Kadallu|Kadallu]] . <ref name="dim2">[[Gerrit Dimmendaal]], Colleen Ahland & Angelika Jakobi (2019) Linguistic features and typologies in languages commonly referred to as 'Nilo-Saharan', ''Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics'', p. 6–7</ref> Rubutun farko na wannan harshe jerin kalmomi ne daga yankin [[Mount Guba|Dutsen Guba]] wanda [[Juan Maria Schuver]] ya haɗa a cikin Fabrairu 1883. == Iri == Iri-iri ba duka ba ne masu fahimtar juna . Ta wannan ma'auni, akwai harsunan Gumuz guda biyu ko uku. Siffofin nahawu sun bambanta tsakanin arewa da kudancin Gumuz. <ref>Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. "Linguistic variation within Gumuz: a study of the relationship between historical change and intelligibility." M.A. thesis. University of Texas at Arlington.</ref> [[Daatsʼiin harshe|Daats'iin]], wanda aka gano a cikin 2013, a fili yare ne daban-daban, kodayake ya fi kusa da kudancin Gumuz. Ire-iren da ba a tabbatar da su ba a Sudan, wataƙila yare ne na musamman, Kadallu . (Duba harsunan Bʼaga .) ''Ethnologue'' ya lissafa Guba, Wenbera, Sirba, Agalo, Yaso, Mandura, Dibate, da Metemma a matsayin yarukan Gumuz, tare da Mandura, Dibate, da Metemma suna samar da gungu na yare. Ahland (2004) <ref>Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. ''Linguistic Variation Within Gumuz: A Study of the Relationship Between Historical Change and Intelligibility (Ethiopia, Sudan)''. MA thesis, University of Texas at Arlington.</ref> yana ba da kwatancen bayanan ƙamus na Guba, Mandura, North Dibat'e, Wenbera, Sirba Abay, Agelo Meti, Yaso, da Metemma. == Fassarar sauti == Gumuz yana da duka baƙaƙe masu ƙyalli da abubuwan ban mamaki . Ana yin hasarar ƙarancin inganci a madaidaicin magana a wasu yaruka (Unseth 1989). Akwai jerin baƙaƙe na palatal, gami da duka biyun masu fitar da rai da kuma na ban tsoro. A wasu yarukan, misali Sirba, akwai tasha bilatalized palatalized, kamar yadda yake cikin kalmar 'bera' {{IPA|[bʲʷa]}}</link> (Tsarin 1989). === Consonants === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Consonants in Northern Gumuz ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Alveolar ! rowspan="2" |Post-alv./<br /><br />Palatal ! colspan="2" |Velar ! colspan="2" |Uvular ! rowspan="2" |Glottal |- !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>lab.</small> |- ! colspan="2" |Nasal |m | colspan="2" |n |(ɲ) |ŋ |(ŋʷ) | | | |- ! rowspan="4" |Stop !<small>voiceless</small> |p | colspan="2" |t |c |k |(kʷ) | | |ʔ |- !<small>voiced</small> |b | colspan="2" |d |ɟ |g |(ɡʷ) | | | |- !<small>ejective</small> |pʼ | colspan="2" |tʼ |cʼ |kʼ |(kʼʷ) | | | |- !<small>implosive</small> |ɓ | colspan="2" |ɗ | | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Affricate !<small>voiceless</small> | | colspan="2" |t͡s |t͡ʃ | | | | | |- !<small>ejective</small> | | colspan="2" |t͡sʼ |t͡ʃʼ | | | | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !<small>voiceless</small> |f | colspan="2" |s |ʃ | | |χ |(χʷ) | |- !<small>voiced</small> |(v) | colspan="2" |z |ʒ | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Tap/Trill | |(ɾ) |(r) | | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Lateral | | colspan="2" |l | | | | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Approximant | | colspan="2" | |j | |w | | | |- |} * Matsa [ɾ] ya fi faruwa a cikin morpheme-matsayi na ciki, kuma ba a matsayi na farko ba. Hakanan yana faruwa azaman allophone na /ɗ/ a cikin tsaka-tsaki da matsayi na ƙarshe. * Trill [r] na iya fitowa daga wayoyin akida ko kuma sakamakon lamuni daga Amharic. <ref name="Colleen Ahland 2012">Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Consonants a Kudancin Gumuz ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" | Labial ! rowspan="2" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Bayan alv. /<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Palatal ! colspan="2" | Velar ! rowspan="2" | Glottal |- ! <small>a fili</small> ! <small>lab.</small> |- ! colspan="2" | Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | ŋ | (ŋʷ) | |- ! rowspan="4" | Tsaya ! <small>mara murya</small> | p | t | c | k | (kʷ) | ʔ |- ! <small>murya</small> | b | d | Ɗa | g | (ƙasa) | |- ! <small>m</small> | p' | t' | c' | ku | (k'ʷ) | |- ! <small>m</small> | ɓ | ɗ | | (ƙara) | | |- ! rowspan="2" | Haɗin kai ! <small>mara murya</small> | | t s | t Ƙ | | | |- ! <small>m</small> | | Ƙarfafawa | Ƙaddamarwa | | | |- ! rowspan="2" | Ƙarfafawa ! <small>mara murya</small> | f | s | ʃ | | | h |- ! <small>murya</small> | (v) | z | ʒ | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Taɓa | | Ɗa | | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Na gefe | | l | | | | |- ! colspan="2" | Kusanci | | | j | | w | |- |} * Ƙwaƙwalwar ɓarna [ɠ] tana son wanzuwa kawai a cikin yaren Agelo Meti. * Labialized bilabial plosive [bʷ] yana nufin wanzuwa kawai a cikin yaren Sirba Abay. * Ƙaƙƙarfan murya [β] na iya faruwa lokacin da /ɓ/ ke ƙoƙarin yin rauni a matsayi na ƙarshe a wasu yarukan. ==== Duk yarukan biyu ==== * Haƙoran labio [v] yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin rarrabawar da ba kasafai ba, kuma galibi yana faruwa a cikin tsaka-tsaki da matsayi na farko. Hakanan ana iya gabatar da shi ta hanyar samowa daga wayoyin akida. * Palatal [ɲ] yana faruwa ne kawai-ciki-ciki a cikin mahallin tsaka-tsaki, a gaban baƙar magana, ko azaman allophone na /n/ kafin wasalin gaba. * [ŋʷ] yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin rarrabawar da ba kasafai ba, ko lokacin da /ŋ/ ya faru kafin gajeriyar wasali mai rauni. * Sauran baƙaƙen labialized [kʷ, ɡʷ, kʼʷ, χʷ] suna faruwa ne sakamakon baƙar fata ko uvular da ke gabanin gajeriyar wasula masu rarrafe waɗanda ke gaba da wani wasali. <ref name="Colleen Ahland 2012">Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.</ref> === Wasula === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! ! Gaba ! Tsakiya ! Baya |- align="center" ! Kusa | iː | | ku ː |- ! Tsakar | eː | (ə) | ku oː |- align="center" ! Bude | | da aː | |} * Gajerun wayoyi na /i, e, a, o, u/ ana iya jin su kamar [ɪ, ɛ, ə, ɔ, ʊ]. * Wani wasali na tsakiya [ɨ] na iya faruwa a wurare daban-daban bayan an gajarta /u/ lokacin laɓɓaka baƙar fata ko uvular. <ref name="Colleen Ahland 2012">Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.</ref> === Sautin === Sautuna suna da girma da ƙasa, tare da ƙasa . <ref name="Colleen Ahland 2012">Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.</ref> == Nahawu == Tsarin kalma shine AVO, tare da alamar tantancewa, kodayake akwai odar AOV a arewa, mai yiwuwa daga tasirin Amharic. A cikin juzu'i masu jujjuyawa, batutuwa a cikin odar S-V ba su da alama, yayin da waɗanda ke cikin odar V-S ana yiwa alama alama. <ref name="Colleen Ahland 2012">Colleen Ahland, 2012. "A Grammar of Northern and Southern Gumuz", Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon.</ref> == Bayanan kula == {{Reflist}} == Magana == * Ahland, Colleen Anne. Nahawun Arewa da Kudancin Gumuz. Dissertation na Doctoral, Jami'ar Oregon. * Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., 2000. "Alamar lamba da rarraba suna a cikin harsunan Nilo- Saharan". Anthrolopological Linguistics 42:214-261. == Kara karantawa == * Ahland, Colleen Anne. 2004. "Bambancin harshe a cikin Gumuz: nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin canjin tarihi da basira." Littafin MA. Jami'ar Texas a Arlington. * Colleen Ahland. 2011. ''Haɗin sunan suna da predicate classifiers a cikin Gumuz'' * Bender, M. Lionel. 1979. Gumuz: zanen nahawu da kamus. ''Afrika und Übersee'' 62: 38-69. * Mungode, Peter. 1985. "Gumuz: rahoton binciken yare." ''Jaridar Nazarin Habasha'' 18: 91-114. * Mungode, Peter. 1989. "Abubuwan da aka zaɓa na phonology na Gumuz." A cikin Taddese Beyene (ed.), ''Abubuwan da aka gabatar na taron kasa da kasa na takwas kan Nazarin Habasha'', vol. 2, 617-32. Addis Ababa: Cibiyar Nazarin Habasha. * Uzar, Henning. 1993. Nazarin a Gumuz: Sese phonology da tsarin TMA. A cikin ''Jigogi a cikin Harsunan Nilo-Saharan'', editan ML Bender . Hamburg: Helmut Buske: 347-383. * Duniya Atlas na Tsarin Harshe bayanai akan [http://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_gmz Gumuz] * [http://www.gumuz-web.com Gidan yanar gizo wanda al'ummar harshen Gumuz ke kula da shi tare da buga littattafai a cikin harshen]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ehftbcse4c4f455l6n4wxokgfzydrad Fikile Yanayi 0 76056 891424 404282 2026-08-04T18:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fikile Sithole''' manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar ƴar wasa . Tana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kungiyar mata ta farko ta kasar Afrika ta Kudu Banyana Banyana a shekarar 1993 kuma tsohuwar kyaftin din tawagar kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://chesttrapsports.tumblr.com/post/47103436671/ezamzukwana-with-fikile-16-sithole|title=Ezamzukwana with Fikile Sithole|language=en|work=Chest Trap Sports|publisher=|date=2014}}</ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta bakwai mafi kyawun 'yan wasan Afirka na ƙarni na XXth kuma an ba ta horo a cikin ƙungiyar Afirka ta ƙarni na XX, wanda Hukumar Kula da Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka (CAF) da Hukumar Tarihi ta Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya (IFFHS) suka haɗu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/1072|title=IFFHS Africa's Women Team of the XXth Century (1901-2000)|language=en|work=iffhs.com|publisher=Redaction|date=29 April 2021|access-date=24 March 2024|archive-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315113304/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/1072|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] t11rmv6j0gh0afsh6rju422wajmzn9s Haɗin kai na Duniya don Ilimi 0 79301 891636 540058 2026-08-05T09:37:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haɗin kai na [[Duniya]] don Ilimi''' (Global Partnership for Education) haɗin gwiwa ne na masu ruwa da tsaki wanda ke nufin ƙarfafa ilimi a faɗin duniya baki daya.<ref>https://www.devex.com/organizations/global-partnership-for-education-gpe-51262</ref>  Wanda Babban Bankin Duniya ya shirya shi,<ref>https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education/brief/the-global-partnership-for-education-and-the-world-bank-group-the-facts</ref>GPE ita ce haɗin gwiwa ɗaya tilo na [[duniya]] da aka keɓe don ba da tallafin ilimi a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa.<ref>https://www.unicef.org/chad/global-partnership-education</ref> == Tarihi == An ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwa a shekara ta 2002, Haɗin kai na Duniya don Ilimi.  An ƙaddamar da shi don haɓaka ci na ilimin firamare na duniya. A cikin 2013, '''Alice P. Albright''' ta shiga a matsayin mai gudanarwa, wanda kuma '''Julia Gillard''', tsohuwar Firayim Ministan ƙasar Australiya, aka naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar Hukumar GPE.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191031170647/https://www.globalpartnership.org/timeline</ref> A cikin 2016, [[Rihanna]]  ta zama Jakadiya ta farko na hukuman GPE.<ref>https://www.globalpartnership.org/who-we-are/about-gpe</ref>  == Membobin ƙungiya == Ƙasashen da ke cikin wannan shirin sun haɗa da [[Afghanistan]], [[Albaniya]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Angola]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Belize]], [[Benin]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bolibiya|Boliviya]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Burundi]], [[Cabo Verde]], Cambodiya, Kamaru, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Comoros, Kongo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo, [[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]], Djibouti, Dominika, Masar, El Salvador, Eritriya, Eswatini, Habasha, Fiji, Gambiya, Georgiya, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Lebanon, Lesotho, Laberiya, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, FS Micronesia, Moldova, Mongoliya, Moroko, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Saliyo, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisiya, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Bank da Gaza, Yemen, [[Zambiya]], da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/where-we-work/partner-countries |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2025-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408170520/https://www.globalpartnership.org/where-we-work/partner-countries |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lgovk8umzasxc8ffpegn9r7e3yitwoc Robert Cohu 0 81701 891481 533043 2026-08-04T21:07:21Z Baffa ali 47435 891481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Robert Cohu''' (daga ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 1911 harzuwa 21 ga watan Janairu, 2011) ɗan wasan ƙwallon Kwando<ref>Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball through the defender's hoop, while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop. A field goal is worth two points, unless made </ref> ne na Faransa. Ya shiga gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta 1936<ref>Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics was the first appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event. The tournament was played between 7 August and 14 August 1936 in Berlin, Germany. 23 nations entered the competition, making basketball the largest tournament of the team sports, but Hungary and Spain withdrew, meaning 21 competed. </ref> . An shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Kwando na Faransa a shekarar 2016. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1911]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2011]] qlza5vi6vhvspmkwymluor1z28akpwy Rakina Bara 0 82031 891595 874681 2026-08-05T07:04:45Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Rakina Bara, Belgrade, Serbia.jpg|thumb|'''Rakina Bara''']]   '''Rakina Bara''' ( Serbian Cyrillic </link> ) wani tafki ne a Sremčca, ƙauyen [[Belgrade]], [[Serbiya|Serbia]] . Tana cikin gundumar Čukarica . == Wuri == Tafkin yana {{Convert|20|km}} kudu da tsakiyar birnin Belgrade. Yana cikin yankin arewa maso gabas na Sremčica, gabas da tsakiyar titin, titin Beogradska, kudu da makabartar Sremčica da unguwar Gorica. == Tarihi ƙasa == Rakina Bara tana cikin rami na dutsen ƙasa, a cikin ƙananan yanki na karstic da ake kira ''Belgrade merokras'' . An shigar da shi a cikin wurin ɓarkewar jama'a kuma, yawanci don tafkunan karst, yana da nitsewa . Ita ce tafki mafi girma na halitta a sashin Šumadija na Belgrade kuma tafkin karst daya tilo a cikin yankin birni. Rakina bara ɗaya ne daga cikin tafkunan karst shida (tsohuwar 15) a duk yankin Šumadija. Tafkin yana da siffa mai siffar kwali, {{Convert|170|m}} tsawo, {{Convert|110|m}} fadi da {{Convert|1|m}} zurfi. Yana da tsayin {{Convert|180|m}}, kuma yana rufe yanki na {{Convert|1.6|ha}} . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Katastar - parcela Bara, 4274 KO Sremčica |trans-title=Cadastre - parcell Bara, 4274 cadastral municipality Sremčica |url=https://a3.geosrbija.rs/ |website=Geosrbija |language=sr |access-date=2024-07-27 |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205231207/https://a3.geosrbija.rs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, lokacin da masanin ilimin ƙasa Jovan Cvijić ya ziyarci tafkin, tafkin ya kasance ƙarami a cikin yanki, {{Convert|124|by|112|m}}, amma ya yi zurfi sosai, har zuwa {{Convert|8|m}} . Har zuwa 1950s ruwa ya kasance a sarari, cewa "kowane dutsen da ke ƙasa ana iya gani". Cvijić kuma ya rubuta maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a gefen kudu na tafkin. Rakina Bara tana samun ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa biyu da hazo na yanayi . Kafin tafkin ya bushe, babban abin shigar ya kai {{Convert|170|m}} tsayi kuma ya kawo {{Convert|20|to|70|L/min}} . Ba shi da fita. Sunan tafkin yana nufin "Tafkin Raka" a Serbian (Raka sunan laƙabi ne na maza). Kamar yadda al’adun gargajiyar kasar suka bayyana, Raka wani dan kasa ne wanda yake tono yashi yana jigilar ruwa daga cikin tafki, amma watarana ya fada cikin ruwa da gangan ya nutse. == Dabbobin daji == === Tsire-tsire === Yayin da tafkin ke raguwa, an binne shi a hankali a ƙarƙashin girma, yawanci an yi shi da tsire-tsire masu kama da redi === Dabbobi === Tafkin yana da yawa a cikin kifaye kamar yadda a shekarun 1950 aka mayar da shi tafkin kifi. Carps har zuwa {{Convert|5|kg}} an kama su da raga kuma har zuwa farkon 2000s an shirya gasar kamun kifi. A yau kusan dukkanin kifin da ke cikin tafkin sun mutu kuma ana iya ganin [[maciji]], [[agwagwa]] ko grebe lokaci-lokaci. <ref name="Politika">{{Cite web |last=Vladimir Vukasović, Branka Vasiljević |date=17 September 2008 |title=Spasavanje Rakine bare |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/56190/Beograd/Spasavanje-Rakine-bare |publisher=[[Politika]] |language=sr}}</ref> <ref name="zemlja">{{Cite web |last=Vladimir Vukasović, Branka Vasiljević |date=15 September 2008 |title=Zemlja guta Rakinu baru |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/55968/Zemlja-guta-Rakinu-baru |publisher=[[Politika]] |language=sr}}</ref> A da, nau'ikan tsuntsaye 17 sun kasance gida a kusa da tafkin. == hulɗar ɗan adam == Rakina Bara tun asali ta fi zurfi kuma ruwan ya share har kasa. A wurin da rafin ya shiga cikin tafkin, manoman yankin sun shayar da shanunsu. Da yake bakin tekun yana da yashi kuma laka tana nan ne kawai a zurfin zurfin, tsakiyar yankin tafkin, ana amfani da shi don yin iyo. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fara nuna tsiraici a Serbia, tun daga farkon ƙarni na 20. Daga baya, ya zama sanannen layin masoya ga ma'auratan birni. <ref name="zemlja"/> Da yake ruwan ya fito fili, jama’ar yankin sun yi amfani da shi wajen yin iyo, don shayar da shanu, don wanke dawakai da kuma kamun kifi. Har ila yau, suna amfani da ruwan ne wajen shayar da amfanin gona, da yin amfani da shi a cikin injinan masussukar iskar gas, yayin da a lokacin sanyi idan tafki ya daskare, sai su yanke kankara don amfanin gida, yayin da yaran ke kan kankara. Farfesa Sava Stekić, marubucin tarihin Sremčca ya rubuta cewa "sabbin da suka gwada kifi daga Rakina Bara, ba za su sake barin ƙauyen ba". A cikin 1950s an cika shi da nau'ikan kifaye da yawa, yana mai da shi tafkin kifi. An shirya shirye-shiryen tsara bakin teku, gina gidajen abinci da mayar da shi cibiyar yawon bude ido da wurin shakatawa, amma hukumomin yankin ba su da sha'awar, don haka aka yi watsi da tsare-tsaren. <ref name="zemlja"/> Sremčica ta sami karuwar yawan jama'a tun daga shekarun 1970 kuma yawan ya karu daga 2,445 a cikin 1971 zuwa 13,193 a cikin 1981 da 21,001 a cikin 2011. Yayin da matsugunin ya yi girma, sai ya mamaye tafkin kuma yankin da ke kewaye ya zama birni. Mutuwar tafki ya fara ne a farkon karni na 21. Tafkin dai ya ragu matuka, domin a samu karin fili, sai aka tona magudanan ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, har ma da jefa Mercury a cikin magudanar ruwa don ya lalatar da kasa tare da kara fadada magudanar ruwa domin a samu saurin zubar ruwa. Iyalai daga gangaren da ke makwabtaka da su sun mayar da bututun najasa zuwa Rakina Bara suna zubar da matsugunan su a cikin tafki. An kuma mayar da tafkin ya zama juji, inda aka zubar da datti iri-iri a cikinsa. Yayin da tafkin ya ragu, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ke shigar da mafi yawan ruwa a cikinsa, a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin shekara ya daina isa tafkin saboda yana kusa da nutsewa don haka yana gudana kai tsaye zuwa cikin ƙasa ta cikinsa, a zahiri yana juya tafkin. a cikin babban cesspool. Yayin da ruwan ke ratsa cikin kasa, sai ya fadada ramukan da ke cikinsa yana haifar da tsagewar da ke cikin kasa wanda ya riga ya zama sanadin barna. Ainihin hakar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin tafkin, zai iya haifar da ɓarna a cikin motsi wanda zai binne tafkin gaba ɗaya. A cikin 2010s, Rakina Bara tana gab da mutuwa gaba ɗaya. <ref name="Politika"/> <ref name="zemlja"/> == Farfadowa == An tsabtace gabar tafkin zuwa wani lokaci a cikin 2008. A lokacin, an yi nazari kan ceton tafkin. Abubuwan da aka tsara na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun haɗa da tsaftace datti daga tafkin da kewaye, zubar da wuraren da aka rufe da kuma hana gine-gine a kan gangaren saman tafkin. Bugu da ari, matakan dogon lokaci ya kamata su haɗa da nazarin sinadarai da ƙwayoyin cuta na ruwa, ƙirƙirar "filin rigar" wanda zai iya tace ruwa ta dabi'a, hanyar raƙuman ruwa don isa tafki kuma da maido da magudanar ruwa. Wani bincike daga 2012 ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a ceci tafkin tare da gina tsarin najasa da kuma sanya Rakina bara a karkashin kariya. Duk da haka, tafki da kewaye sun ƙazantu sosai, don haka ba su cika ka'idojin kariya ba. Amma ga sauran shawarwari, babu daya daga cikinsu ya juya zuwa ayyukan, saboda ko dai rashin kudi (Municipality na Čukarica) ko na hali bureaucratic "ba ta ikon" hali (birni, jama'a kamfanoni, yanayi kare hukumomin). Da shigewar lokaci, ruwan ya kusan bace daga tafkin kuma almubazzaranci ya fara aiki. A cikin Nuwamba 2019, masu fafutukar kare muhalli sun tsabtace rafin, inda suka sake gudanar da shi cikin tafkin. Hanyar rafin ta kasance tare da injin tono, tare da cire yumbu mai yawa, datti da sludge da tsiro na redi da blackberry daji. Matsakaicin kwararar rafin zuwa cikin tafkin ya karu daga matsakaicin {{Convert|10|to|50|L/min}}, don haka bayan wata guda ruwan tafkin ya kai tsakiyar maraƙi. A lokacin hunturu na 2019/2020, har ma ya daskare. Duk da haka, da yake gindin tafkin ba a tsaftace ko bincike ba, an sake mayar da rafin zuwa cikin ramin. Za a bincika ƙasa don yiwuwar raƙuman ruwa kuma idan za a buƙaci cire sludge. Ya zuwa farkon 2020, an gina tsarin najasa don gidajen da ke kewaye, don haka ruwan datti ya daina kwarara cikin rafi da tafkin. An ci gaba da tsaftacewa a cikin Fabrairu 2020. Akwai shawarwarin yin toshe yumbu don toshe ramin nutsewa a nan gaba. Duk da haka, ƙarin matakai daga binciken na 2007 (binciken geodetic, nazarin sinadarai na ƙasa, hanyar shiga), ba su da hannun masu fafutukar kare muhalli kuma ana buƙatar haɗin kai daga hukumomin gida da ayyukan gama gari. An kusan tsaftace rafin gaba daya daga sludge a watan Janairu 2021 kuma matakin ruwan tafkin ya kai {{Convert|0.5|m}}, ma'ana cewa babu ramuka a cikin tafkin da zai zubar da ruwan. An daidaita shigar ruwa a {{Convert|70|m3/day}} . Matsakaicin magudanar ruwa mai tsafta shine {{Convert|275|m}} tsawo, kuma a maimakon gudanar da shi a cikin bututu, za a sanya takarda na musamman a cikin gadonsa don hana zubar da ruwa da kuma adana yanayin yanayin raƙuman ruwa. Kusan {{Convert|1.5|m}} an kuma cire tarkace mai kauri daga kasan tafkin. A wannan lokaci, masanan halittu sun kasa gano tushen ruwa na biyu wanda ke ciyar da tafkin, saboda an binne shi cikin lokaci. Akwai ra'ayoyin da za a zuba tsakuwa a kasan tafkin, don tace ruwa na halitta. A tsakiyar 2021, zurfin da ke tsakiyar tafkin ya kai {{Convert|1.5|m}}, don haka aka mayar da tafkin. Wasu tsuntsaye ma sun dawo. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da ƙananan jiragen ruwa da yin iyo. Wasu {{Convert|5,000|m3}} na duniya an yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar {{Convert|510|m}} doguwar hanya a kusa da tafkin. An kafa "Bara Fest" na shekara-shekara a cikin 2021. A lokacin rani na 2022, zurfin tsakiyar ya kai {{Convert|1.7|m}} . An kuma tsaftace yankin sauran rijiyar ruwa, Česmica. Ducks, storks da herons sun koma tafkin. Ba a mayar da tafkin bisa tsari ba, a maimakon haka mazauna suna kawo nau'ikan kifaye iri-iri, don haka tafkin ya cika da pike, carp na kowa, irin kifi na Prussian da chub na kowa . Dole ne a mayar da samfurin kifi cikin tafkin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commonscat|Rakina Bara}} <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|44.680734|N|20.393034|E}} [[Rukuni:Tafkuna]] [[Rukuni:Kogi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ttnhqt7tmrv0ltk7bnsdkpbcsjjmpyk Temilade Salami 0 83536 891485 559943 2026-08-04T21:13:40Z Baffa ali 47435 891485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Temilade Salami''' wacce akafi sani da '''Global Temi''', ƴar asalin kasar Nijeriya n'ce, kwararra a fannin sanin ilimin yanayi.{{Ana bukatan hujja}} An haifeta 10 gawatan Yuni. {{When}}. Ta yi aiki a Matsayin darakta ta Eco Champion hukumar da ke ba matasa kayan aiki da kudade domin gudanar da aikin yanayi. Tayi makaranta a University ta Sussex a jami'ar Lagos . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] d6u26vvhoeb0dp5fx3ema2hi9bckrwh Dogo 0 86510 891411 565344 2026-08-04T17:44:08Z Kaddi123 38060 891411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dogo''' sunan namiji ne na asalin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausawa]], [[Afirka ta Yamma]] . Dogo na nufin "dogo, dogo ko babba". Yawancin lokaci ana ba da sunan laƙabi ga dogayen maza da samari.dogo Yana da wasu babanci cikin mutane,yana da tsaye sosai, Yana Jan hankali a cikin jama'a,wasu mata suna son dogo namiji,<ref>{{Cite web |title=meaning of dogo in English {{!}} Hausa Dictionary {{!}} English Hausa Dictionary |url=https://kamus.com.ng/hausa/dogo.html#google_vignette |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=kamus.com.ng}}</ref> == Mutane masu suna == * Dilli Dogo, Likitan likitan Najeriya * Dogo Janja, Mawakin Tanzaniya * Mor Dogo Thiam, mawakin Senegal * Belmonde Dogo, dan siyasan Ivory Coast * Paa Dogo, mawaƙlkin Ghana * Marcus Dogo, Bishop na Anglican a Najeriya == Magana == [[Rukuni:Sunayen Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Suna]] [[Rukuni:Sunan mutane]] 5gfh1uqj8wgt8744wh3ovatjka12z0f Charlie Tahan 0 86903 891620 573704 2026-08-05T08:23:40Z Baffa ali 47435 891620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charlie Tahan''' (an haifeshi ranar 11 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1998) dan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1998]] fm8wlssl02x2zzvl3cs7ozrrov8ki9q Sarah Snook 0 87278 891474 580021 2026-08-04T20:46:33Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 891474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sarah Ruth Snook''' (haihuwa: 1 ga Disamba 1987) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Asturaliya. Anfi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Shiv Roy a wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na HBO mai suna Succession (2018-2023) Wanda ta samu lambobin karramawa na Golden Globe da kuma Primetime Emmy . Hallau dai tayi marantar st John 's grammar kwalegi scotch, . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 4gw7nti4vps3h4r3vg2a03yxsj6k9f5 891475 891474 2026-08-04T20:47:39Z Baffa ali 47435 891475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sarah Ruth Snook''' (haihuwa: 1 ga Disamba 1987) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Asturaliya. Anfi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Shiv Roy a wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na HBO mai suna Succession (daga 2018 harzuwa 2023) Wanda ta samu lambobin karramawa na Golden Globe da kuma Primetime Emmy . Hallau dai tayi marantar st John 's grammar kwalegi scotch, . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ktm2mfnb5po551dx5oqqyvzh4wetxh3 Shugaban Ƙasar Botswana 0 87373 891479 588261 2026-08-04T20:57:53Z Baffa ali 47435 891479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shugaban Ƙasar Botswana''' shine shugaban ƙasar kuma shine shugaban gwamnatin Botswana kuma shine mai ba sojoji umarni bisa ga kundin mulkin Botswana. Shugaba Seretse Khama shine firaministan ƙasar daga 1965 zuwa 1966, daga baya kuma ya zama shugaban ƙasar wanada har zuwa yshekarar 2024 ba'a ƙara yin firaminista ba.yariki matsayi Kamar haka,shugaban kasa da shugaban gomnati. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} eo8fcgwj9wpp6ab1xb5d6udfvmmm0i2 FESTIMA 0 87662 891387 802996 2026-08-04T15:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Festival International des Massques et des Arts''' (Bikin Masks da Fasaha na Duniya), ko '''FESTIMA''', bikin al'adu ne na bikin [[Abun Rufe Fuska Na Gargajiya|al'adun gargajiya na Afirka]] da aka gudanar a Dédougou, [[Burkina Faso]]. <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FESTIMA |url=http://www.festima.org/ |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=Official FESTIMA Website |publisher= |archive-date=February 11, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211031810/http://www.festima.org/ |url-status=dead }} (in French)</ref> An kafa shi don taimakawa kiyaye al'adun gargajiya a wannan zamani, FESTIMA tana da abubuwan rufe fuska da al'adu daga ƙasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] da dama. <ref name="CNN">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Thomas |date=May 13, 2016 |title=The masked men of Burkina Faso |url=http://www.cnn.com/style/article/festima-burkina-faso/index.html |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=CNN |publisher=}}</ref> A halin yanzu ana gudanar da shi [[wiktionary:Special:Search/biennial|duk shekara]] a cikin shekaru masu ƙidaya. <ref name="Everfest">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FESTIMA 2018 in Dédougou, Burkina Faso |url=https://www.everfest.com/e/festima-dedougou-burkina-faso |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=Everfest |publisher= |archive-date=December 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223180227/https://www.everfest.com/e/festima-dedougou-burkina-faso |url-status=dead }}</ref> Karo na baya-bayan nan, na goma sha biyar, an gudanar da shi daga ranar 29 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 7 ga watan Maris, 2020, a Bankuy. <ref name="Lefaso2020">{{Cite web |last=Lawali |first=D. |date=February 24, 2020 |title=Dédougou : La 15e édition du Festival international des masques et des arts se tiendra du 29 février au 7 mars 2020 |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article95072 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |website=Lefaso.net |publisher= |quote=}} (in French)</ref> <ref name="2020Burkina24">{{Cite web |last=Rédaction B24 |date=March 3, 2020 |title=FESTIMA 2020 : Un défi culturel, sécuritaire et économique |url=https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/03/festima-2020-un-defi-culturel-securitaire-et-economique/ |access-date=May 27, 2021 |website=[[Burkina 24]] |publisher= |quote=}} (in French)</ref> <ref name="L'Economiste">{{Cite web |last=M.K |date=March 16, 2020 |title=FESTIMA 2020 : Entre tradition du masque et modernité |url=https://www.leconomistedufaso.bf/2020/03/16/festima-2020-entre-tradition-du-masque-et-modernite/ |access-date=May 27, 2021 |website=Journal L'Economiste du Faso |publisher= |quote=}} (in French)</ref> == Tarihi == A cikin shekarar 1996, ƙungiyar ɗaliban Burkinabé sun kafa [[ASAMA]], Ƙungiyar Kare Masks, da haɓakawa da adana ayyukan abin rufe fuska na gargajiya. <ref name="Everfest"/> <ref name="Times">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Rachel Lee |date=January 8, 2016 |title=Where Music Lovers Should Go in 2016 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/travel/places-to-visit-music.html |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=New York Times |publisher=}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke damun shi ne cewa abin rufe fuska na gargajiya ba sa zama na yau da kullum na rayuwa ga mutane da yawa. Asalin abin rufe fuska na addini ne a yanayi, tarihi yana da alaƙa da tashin hankali. <ref name="AJ">{{Cite web |last=Loov |first=Jacob Balzani |date=March 13, 2016 |title=In Burkina Faso: FESTIMA, a festival of African masks |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2016/03/burkina-faso-festima-gathering-african-masks-160310074232928.html |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=Al Jazeera |publisher=}}</ref> Animism da sauran imani na gargajiya addinan tsiraru ne a Burkina Faso na zamani, tare da ƙiyasin da ke nuna ana aiwatar da su tsakanin kashi 7.8 <ref name="Factbook">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 9, 2018 |title=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso/ |access-date=January 16, 2018 |website=CIA |publisher= |archive-date=January 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111020045/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burkina-faso |url-status=dead }} Estimate is from 2010.</ref> da kashi 15 <ref name="DHS">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=April 2012 |title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples |url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR256/FR256.pdf |access-date=January 16, 2018 |website=[[Demographic and Health Surveys]] |publisher= |page=3}} Estimate is from 2006. (in French)</ref> na yawan jama'a. Addini mafi rinjaye a ƙasar shine [[Musulunci]], wanda ba ya amfani da abin rufe fuska a cikin bukukuwan su. <ref name="CNN"/> Duk da haka, membobin ASAMA sun yi imanin cewa abin rufe fuska na gargajiya na iya zama mai mahimmanci a al'ada har ma ga waɗanda ba su da mahimmanci a addini. A cewar Ki Leonce, babban darektan ASAMA, "Akwai bangarori guda biyu game da abin rufe fuska. Ɗayan addini, ɗayan kuma al'ada; za a iya samun rikici na addini ga mutanen da ke girmama abin rufe fuska, amma babu wani rikici daga al'adu." <ref name="AJ" /> Ainihin FESTIMA da aka yi a shekarar 1996, an shafe kwanaki huɗu ana yin bikin, kuma tun daga nan aka faɗaɗa bikin zuwa kwanaki bakwai. <ref name="Everfest"/> <ref name="Yettio">{{Cite web |last=Sweet |first=Jonathan |date=February 17, 2016 |title=FESTIMA – Burkina Faso's festival of masks |url=http://www.yettio.com/festima-the-african-masquerade-ball/13837 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=Yettio |publisher= |archive-date=January 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112214642/http://www.yettio.com/festima-the-african-masquerade-ball/13837 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gudanar da bukin karo na goma sha uku daga ranar 27 ga watan watan Fabrairu zuwa 5 ga watan Maris, 2016, kuma an gabatar da abin rufe fuska daga al'ummomi sama da 50 daga ƙasashen [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] shida: Burkina Faso, [[Benin]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Mali]], [[Senegal]], da [[Togo]]. <ref name="CNN"/> <ref name="Lefaso">{{Cite web |last=Sawadogo |first=Tiga Cheick |date=March 1, 2016 |title=FESTIMA 2016 : Des infrastructures pour sauvegarder les masques |url=http://lefaso.net/spip.php?article69869 |access-date=January 11, 2018 |website=LeFaso.net |publisher=}} (in French)</ref> ASAMA ta kiyasta mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci taron, <ref name="CNN" /> gami da masu yawon buɗe ido na duniya sama da 2,000. <ref name="Lefaso" /> An gudanar da kashi na goma sha huɗu daga watan Fabrairu 24 zuwa Maris 3, 2018. <ref name="Burkina24">{{Cite web |last=Kapigdou |first=Merveille |date=February 25, 2018 |title=FESTIMA 2018 : C'est parti à Dédougou ! |url=https://www.burkina24.com/2018/02/25/burkina-festima-2018-cest-parti-a-dedougou/ |access-date=August 28, 2019 |website=[[Burkina 24]] |publisher=}} (in French)</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == Abubuwan farko na FESTIMA sune wasan kwaikwayo, inda masu saka abin rufe fuska suke rawa, tare da mawaƙa suna buga ganguna, busa, da balafons. <ref name="Everfest"/> <ref name="Times"/> Wani lokaci, mai fassara yana nan don fassara ma'anar rawa. <ref name="AJ"/> Wasu daga cikin ƙabilun da al'adunsu ke wakilta sun haɗa da Bwaba, [[Mutanen Marka|Marka]], da [[Yarbawa]]. <ref name="CNN"/> FESTIMA kuma ya haɗa da tarurruka kan batutuwan tarihi da al'adu, gasa ta ba da labari, abubuwan ilimi ga yara, da kasuwa.<ref name="CNN"/><ref name="Everfest"/><ref name="Times"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Bukukuwa a Afrika]] [[Category:Biki]] f1x88pppedvtfu3yiqesjtg0jfw42v3 Ganiyu Johnson 0 90235 891484 578272 2026-08-04T21:12:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ganiyu Abiodun Johnson''' ɗan siyasar [[Najeriya]] ne kuma tsohon ɗan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilan Najeriya]] mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|tarayya]] ta [[Oshodi-Isolo]] II a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-18 |title=My bill on 5 years practice for doctors will mitigate effects of brain drain — Rep. Johnson - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/my-bill-on-5-years-practice-for-doctors-will-mitigate-effects-of-brain-drain-rep-johnson/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=dailytrust.com/ |language=en-US}}</ref> An fara zaɓen Johnson a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilan [[Najeriya]] a shekarar 2019 don wakiltar mazaɓar tarayya ta Oshodi-Isolo II a [[jihar Legas]] amma a shekarar 2023 [[Jese Okey-Joe Onuakalusi]] na jam'iyyar Labour ya doke shi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyero |first=Kayode |date=2023-09-04 |title=Oshodi Constituency: Tribunal Upholds LP’s Onuakalusi, Dismisses APC’s Petition |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/09/04/oshodi-constituency-tribunal-upholds-lps-onuakalusi-dismisses-apcs-petition/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance kwamishinan ayyuka da ababen more rayuwa na jihar Legas ga Gwamna [[Akinwunmi Ambode|Akinwunm Ambode]] a shekarar 2015 kafin ya yi murabus ya kuma tsaya takarar ɗan majalisar wakilai a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ganiyu Abiodun Johnson’s Endearing Feats – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/06/06/ganiyu-abiodun-johnsons-endearing-feats/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogundairo |first=Abiodun |date=2016-08-18 |title=Lagos Infrastructure: Govt commences fly-over at Pen Cinema Junction |url=https://tv.guardian.ng/lagos-infrastructure-govt-commences-fly-over-at-pen-cinema-junction/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=GuardianTV |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211205604/https://tv.guardian.ng/lagos-infrastructure-govt-commences-fly-over-at-pen-cinema-junction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] es8w3144h7dy0hrrme4o552weh5wxgb Filin jirgin sama na Kasar Uganda 0 91161 891426 880031 2026-08-04T18:12:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jirgin saman Uganda, bisa doka Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref>Minister Azuba off to Canada to flag-off Uganda Airlines". ''The Independent (Uganda)''. Kampala. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.</ref>shine mai ɗaukar tuta na Uganda. Kamfanin farfaɗo ne<ref>Nensel, Mark (18 July 2018). "Revived Uganda flag carrier orders CRJ900s, A330neos". ''Atwonline.com''. Retrieved 21 August 2019.</ref> na tsohon Uganda Airlines wanda ke aiki daga 1977 har zuwa 2001. Jirgin na yanzu ya fara tashi a watan Agustan 2019. == Wuri == Hedkwatar kamfanin tana a filin jirgin sama na Entebbe, a gundumar Wakiso, kimanin kilomita 34 (21 mi) kudu da tsakiyar kasuwancin Kampala, babban birni kuma mafi girma a Uganda.<ref>"Distance Between Amber House, Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda and Entebbe International Airport, Entebbe, Uganda" (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 18 November 2020.</ref> == Tarihi == Bayan nazari da tuntubar juna, majalisar ministocin Uganda ta zabi sake kaddamar da jirgin saman Uganda,<ref>Yasiin Mugerwa (24 June 2016). "Uganda Airlines to fly again, says Museveni". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</ref> tare da sabbin jiragen sama guda shida, biyu daga cikinsu faffadan jiki ne, dogon zangon A330-800 da sauran hudun jirgin CRJ900 ne. Nazarin ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na gaskiya na gwamnati na kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 70 da lamuni da suka kai dalar Amurka miliyan 330, da aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci gaba, don kammala siyan.<ref>Yasiin Mugerwa (24 June 2016). "Uganda Airlines to fly again, says Museveni". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Retrieved 13 February 2020.</ref> Bayan nazari da shawarwari masu zurfi, Majalisar Ministocin Uganda ta zaɓi sake ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref name="FlyR"/> da sabbin jiragen sama shida, biyu daga cikinsu su ne jiragen A330-800 masu faɗi, masu dogon zango, sauran huɗu kuma su ne jiragen CRJ900.<ref name="14R">{{Cite web |last=Uganda National Planning Authority |date=31 March 2018 |title=Feasibility Study of Revival of Uganda National Carrier |url=http://npa.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Feasibility-Study-of-the-National-Carrier-Final.pdf |access-date=2 June 2018 |publisher=Uganda National Planning Authority |archive-date=19 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054650/http://npa.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Feasibility-Study-of-the-National-Carrier-Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Binciken ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na hannun jari na kimanin dala miliyan 70 da kuma rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 330, wanda aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba]], don kammala siyan.<ref name="9R">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2016 |title=Kampala considers buying A330s, CRJs for Uganda Airlines 2.0 |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/50274-kampala-considers-buying-a330s-crjs-for-uganda-airlines-20 |access-date=17 May 2018 |publisher=Ch-aviation}}</ref> [[Fayil:Uganda_Airlines,_5X-EQU,_Bombardier_CRJ-900_(48641140017).jpg|alt=Uganda Airlines, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900|thumb|Jirgin saman Uganda, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900]] A watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta sami amincewar doka don yin hidima a Lusaka, Harare, [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|Jeddah]] da [[Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Khalid|Riyadh]].<ref name="Wet1R"/> Ana kuma la'akari da yin hidima zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Cape Town|Cape Town]] ta Harare.<ref name="CapR"/> Haka kuma a watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta fara yin shirye-shirye na musamman don yin hidima [[Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi|a Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="AbuR"/> A watan Maris na 2025, kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da fara jigilar fasinjoji zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Gatwick|London Gatwick]] a watan Mayu na 2025.<ref name="LGW1"/> A ranar 18 ga Mayu na 2025, UR ta fara jigilar fasinjoji kai tsaye tsakanin Entebbe da London Gatwick, sau huɗu a mako.<ref name="LGW2"/> Bayan nazari da shawarwari masu zurfi, Majalisar Ministocin Uganda ta zaɓi sake ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref name="FlyR"/> da sabbin jiragen sama shida, biyu daga cikinsu su ne jiragen A330-800 masu faɗi, masu dogon zango, sauran huɗu kuma su ne jiragen CRJ900.<ref name="14R"/> Binciken ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na hannun jari na kimanin dala miliyan 70 da kuma rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 330, wanda aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba]], don kammala siyan.<ref name="9R"/> A watan Mayun 2018, ''jaridar EastAfrican'' ta ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Uganda ta yi ƙaramin ajiyar kuɗi ga kowanne daga cikin jiragen shida, yayin da ta kammala shirye-shiryen samar da kuɗi na ƙarshe. An sa ran fara jigilar jiragen CRJ900 a watan Nuwamban 2018, yayin da ake sa ran isar da jiragen A330-800 a watan Disamba na 2020.<ref name="4R"/> Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Maris 2019, a cewar [[Ephraim Bagenda]], babban jami'in kamfanin a lokacin, matukan jirgi 12 da matukan jirgi 12 masu taimakawa matukan jirgi (jimillar ma'aikatan jirgin 24), dukkansu 'yan Uganda ne, sun kammala horo da takardar shaidar jirgin CRJ900-ER. Ana sa ran jiragen farko guda biyu na yanki za su isa Uganda a watan Afrilun 2019. An shirya jigilar jirgin na uku a watan Yulin 2019 kuma ana sa ran jigilar CRJ900 ta huɗu za ta isa Satumbar 2019. Tsakanin Afrilu da Yunin 2019, kamfanin jirgin ya yi shirin samun takardar shaidar ma'aikacin jirgin sama (AOC) daga Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda kuma ya fara aiki nan da 30 ga Yunin 2019. A ranar 8 ga Afrilun 2019, an ruwaito cewa za a kawo jiragen farko guda biyu (5X-EQU da 5X-KOB) a ranar Talata 23 ga Afrilun 2019.<ref name="DelR"/><ref name="ArrvR">{{Cite web |last=Job Bwire |date=8 April 2019 |title=First Uganda Airlines Bombardier jetliner arrive two weeks from now |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/First-Uganda-Airlines-Bombardier-jetliner-arrive-two-weeks/688334-5062252-60ous7/index.html |access-date=8 April 2019}}</ref> [[Fayil:Uganda_Airlines,_5X-EQU,_Bombardier_CRJ-900_(48641140017).jpg|alt=Uganda Airlines, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900|thumb|Jirgin saman Uganda, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900]] A watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta sami amincewar doka don yin hidima a Lusaka, Harare, [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|Jeddah]] da [[Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Khalid|Riyadh]].<ref name="Wet1R"/> Ana kuma la'akari da yin hidima zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Cape Town|Cape Town]] ta Harare.<ref name="CapR"/> Haka kuma a watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta fara yin shirye-shirye na musamman don yin hidima [[Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi|a Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="AbuR"/> A watan Maris na 2025, kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da fara jigilar fasinjoji zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Gatwick|London Gatwick]] a watan Mayu na 2025.<ref name="LGW1"/> A ranar 18 ga Mayu na 2025, UR ta fara jigilar fasinjoji kai tsaye tsakanin Entebbe da London Gatwick, sau huɗu a mako.<ref name="LGW2"/> Bayan nazari da shawarwari masu zurfi, Majalisar Ministocin Uganda ta zaɓi sake ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref name="FlyR"/> da sabbin jiragen sama shida, biyu daga cikinsu su ne jiragen A330-800 masu faɗi, masu dogon zango, sauran huɗu kuma su ne jiragen CRJ900.<ref name="14R"/> Binciken ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na hannun jari na kimanin dala miliyan 70 da kuma rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 330, wanda aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba]], don kammala siyan.<ref name="9R"/> A watan Mayun 2018, ''jaridar EastAfrican'' ta ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Uganda ta yi ƙaramin ajiyar kuɗi ga kowanne daga cikin jiragen shida, yayin da ta kammala shirye-shiryen samar da kuɗi na ƙarshe. An sa ran fara jigilar jiragen CRJ900 a watan Nuwamban 2018, yayin da ake sa ran isar da jiragen A330-800 a watan Disamba na 2020.<ref name="4R"/> Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Maris 2019, a cewar [[Ephraim Bagenda]], babban jami'in kamfanin a lokacin, matukan jirgi 12 da matukan jirgi 12 masu taimakawa matukan jirgi (jimillar ma'aikatan jirgin 24), dukkansu 'yan Uganda ne, sun kammala horo da takardar shaidar jirgin CRJ900-ER. Ana sa ran jiragen farko guda biyu na yanki za su isa Uganda a watan Afrilun 2019. An shirya jigilar jirgin na uku a watan Yulin 2019 kuma ana sa ran jigilar CRJ900 ta huɗu za ta isa Satumbar 2019. Tsakanin Afrilu da Yunin 2019, kamfanin jirgin ya yi shirin samun takardar shaidar ma'aikacin jirgin sama (AOC) daga Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda kuma ya fara aiki nan da 30 ga Yunin 2019. A ranar 8 ga Afrilun 2019, an ruwaito cewa za a kawo jiragen farko guda biyu (5X-EQU da 5X-KOB) a ranar Talata 23 ga Afrilun 2019.<ref name="DelR"/><ref name="ArrvR"/> A watan Afrilun 2019, an tabbatar da isar da jirgin farko na Bombardier CRJ900 a ranar 23 ga Afrilun 2019, kuma jirgin farko na Airbus A330-800 a rabin farko na 2021. <ref name="DelvR"/> A ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2019, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda ta bai wa Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda takardar shaidar aiki da jiragen sama, inda ta kammala wani tsari na bayar da takardar shaida na matakai biyar da watanni uku wanda ya ba wa kamfanin damar fara ayyukan kasuwanci.<ref name="ClearR"/> A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2019, kamfanin ya sanar da ranar ƙaddamar da jirgin a matsayin ranar 28 ga wannan watan, tare da jiragen sama zuwa Nairobi, Mogadishu, Dar es Salaam, Juba, Kilimanjaro, Mombasa da Bujumbura.<ref name="DestR">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Kamoga |date=3 August 2019 |title=Uganda Airlines Takes Off August 28 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Uganda-airlines-takes-off-august/2560-5221508-voojup/index.html |access-date=10 August 2019 |place=Nairobi}}</ref> [[Fayil:Uganda_Airlines,_5X-EQU,_Bombardier_CRJ-900_(48641140017).jpg|alt=Uganda Airlines, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900|thumb|Jirgin saman Uganda, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900]] A watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta sami amincewar doka don yin hidima a Lusaka, Harare, [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|Jeddah]] da [[Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Khalid|Riyadh]].<ref name="Wet1R"/> Ana kuma la'akari da yin hidima zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Cape Town|Cape Town]] ta Harare.<ref name="CapR"/> Haka kuma a watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta fara yin shirye-shirye na musamman don yin hidima [[Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi|a Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="AbuR"/> A watan Maris na 2025, kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da fara jigilar fasinjoji zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Gatwick|London Gatwick]] a watan Mayu na 2025.<ref name="LGW1"/> A ranar 18 ga Mayu na 2025, UR ta fara jigilar fasinjoji kai tsaye tsakanin Entebbe da London Gatwick, sau huɗu a mako.<ref name="LGW2">{{Cite web |last=Joan Ainabyona |date=18 May 2025 |title=Uganda Airlines Takes to the Skies with Inaugural Direct Flight to London Gatwick |url=https://sunrise.ug/life-style/travel/202505/uganda-airlines-takes-to-the-skies-with-inaugural-direct-flight-to-london-gatwick.html |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=Sunrise Uganda}}</ref> Bayan nazari da shawarwari masu zurfi, Majalisar Ministocin Uganda ta zaɓi sake ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref name="FlyR"/> da sabbin jiragen sama shida, biyu daga cikinsu su ne jiragen A330-800 masu faɗi, masu dogon zango, sauran huɗu kuma su ne jiragen CRJ900.<ref name="14R"/> Binciken ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na hannun jari na kimanin dala miliyan 70 da kuma rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 330, wanda aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba]], don kammala siyan.<ref name="9R"/> A watan Mayun 2018, ''jaridar EastAfrican'' ta ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Uganda ta yi ƙaramin ajiyar kuɗi ga kowanne daga cikin jiragen shida, yayin da ta kammala shirye-shiryen samar da kuɗi na ƙarshe. An sa ran fara jigilar jiragen CRJ900 a watan Nuwamban 2018, yayin da ake sa ran isar da jiragen A330-800 a watan Disamba na 2020.<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Frederic Musisi |date=17 May 2018 |title=Government Buys Six Jets to Revive Uganda Airlines |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/World/Government-buys-six-jets-revive-Uganda-airlines/688340-4565746-wf2p4bz/index.html |access-date=17 May 2018}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Maris 2019, a cewar [[Ephraim Bagenda]], babban jami'in kamfanin a lokacin, matukan jirgi 12 da matukan jirgi 12 masu taimakawa matukan jirgi (jimillar ma'aikatan jirgin 24), dukkansu 'yan Uganda ne, sun kammala horo da takardar shaidar jirgin CRJ900-ER. Ana sa ran jiragen farko guda biyu na yanki za su isa Uganda a watan Afrilun 2019. An shirya jigilar jirgin na uku a watan Yulin 2019 kuma ana sa ran jigilar CRJ900 ta huɗu za ta isa Satumbar 2019. Tsakanin Afrilu da Yunin 2019, kamfanin jirgin ya yi shirin samun takardar shaidar ma'aikacin jirgin sama (AOC) daga Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda kuma ya fara aiki nan da 30 ga Yunin 2019. A ranar 8 ga Afrilun 2019, an ruwaito cewa za a kawo jiragen farko guda biyu (5X-EQU da 5X-KOB) a ranar Talata 23 ga Afrilun 2019.<ref name="DelR">{{Cite web |last=Kikonyogo Douglas Albert |date=8 April 2019 |title=The first of Uganda Airlines' CRJ900 is set to arrive on 23 April 2019 |url=https://www.techjaja.com/uganda-airlines-crj-900-bombardier/ |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Techjaja.com}}</ref><ref name="ArrvR"/> A watan Afrilun 2019, an tabbatar da isar da jirgin farko na Bombardier CRJ900 a ranar 23 ga Afrilun 2019, kuma jirgin farko na Airbus A330-800 a rabin farko na 2021. <ref name="DelvR"/> A ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2019, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda ta bai wa Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda takardar shaidar aiki da jiragen sama, inda ta kammala wani tsari na bayar da takardar shaida na matakai biyar da watanni uku wanda ya ba wa kamfanin damar fara ayyukan kasuwanci.<ref name="ClearR"/> A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2019, kamfanin ya sanar da ranar ƙaddamar da jirgin a matsayin ranar 28 ga wannan watan, tare da jiragen sama zuwa Nairobi, Mogadishu, Dar es Salaam, Juba, Kilimanjaro, Mombasa da Bujumbura.<ref name="DestR"/> A safiyar ranar 28 ga Agusta 2019, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya yi tashinsa na farko na kasuwanci daga Entebbe zuwa filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) tare da fasinjoji takwas.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2019 |title=Uganda Airlines First Commercial Flight Had Eight Passengers On |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-airlines-first-commercial-flight-had-eight-passengers/688334-5251606-5dvb4j/index.html |access-date=29 August 2019 |website=[[Daily Monitor]] |place=Kampala}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2019, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya ƙaddamar da jirgin farko zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Kilimanjaro; ta haka ne ya kammala matakin farko na ayyukan hanyoyi bakwai waɗanda aka fara da jiragen sama zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Jomo Kenyatta kusan watanni uku da suka gabata.<ref name="JROR">{{Cite web |date=13 November 2019 |title=Uganda airlines makes maiden flight to Kilimanjaro |url=https://edge.ug/2019/11/13/uganda-airlines-makes-maiden-flight-to-kilimanjaro/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123214534/http://edge.ug/2019/11/13/uganda-airlines-makes-maiden-flight-to-kilimanjaro/ |archive-date=23 November 2019 |access-date=5 January 2020 |publisher=The Edge Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> [[Fayil:Uganda_Airlines,_5X-EQU,_Bombardier_CRJ-900_(48641140017).jpg|alt=Uganda Airlines, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900|thumb|Jirgin saman Uganda, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900]] A watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta sami amincewar doka don yin hidima a Lusaka, Harare, [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|Jeddah]] da [[Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Khalid|Riyadh]].<ref name="Wet1R"/> Ana kuma la'akari da yin hidima zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Cape Town|Cape Town]] ta Harare.<ref name="CapR"/> Haka kuma a watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta fara yin shirye-shirye na musamman don yin hidima [[Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi|a Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="AbuR"/> A watan Maris na 2025, kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da fara jigilar fasinjoji zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Gatwick|London Gatwick]] a watan Mayu na 2025.<ref name="LGW1"/> A ranar 18 ga Mayu na 2025, UR ta fara jigilar fasinjoji kai tsaye tsakanin Entebbe da London Gatwick, sau huɗu a mako.<ref name="LGW2"/> Bayan nazari da shawarwari masu zurfi, Majalisar Ministocin Uganda ta zaɓi sake ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda, <ref name="FlyR">{{Cite web |last=Yasiin Mugerwa |date=24 June 2016 |title=Uganda Airlines to fly again, says Museveni |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-Airlines-to-fly-again-says-Museveni/-/688334/3264346/-/item/0/-/och4ew/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213172635/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Uganda-Airlines-to-fly-again-says-Museveni/-/688334/3264346/-/item/0/-/och4ew/-/index.html |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> da sabbin jiragen sama shida, biyu daga cikinsu su ne jiragen A330-800 masu faɗi, masu dogon zango, sauran huɗu kuma su ne jiragen CRJ900.<ref name="14R"/> Binciken ya ba da shawarar saka hannun jari na hannun jari na kimanin dala miliyan 70 da kuma rancen da ya kai dala miliyan 330, wanda aka aro daga masu ba da lamuni na yanki, kamar [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Kasuwanci da Ci Gaba]], don kammala siyan.<ref name="9R"/> A watan Mayun 2018, ''jaridar EastAfrican'' ta ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Uganda ta yi ƙaramin ajiyar kuɗi ga kowanne daga cikin jiragen shida, yayin da ta kammala shirye-shiryen samar da kuɗi na ƙarshe. An sa ran fara jigilar jiragen CRJ900 a watan Nuwamban 2018, yayin da ake sa ran isar da jiragen A330-800 a watan Disamba na 2020.<ref name="4R"/> Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Maris 2019, a cewar [[Ephraim Bagenda]], babban jami'in kamfanin a lokacin, matukan jirgi 12 da matukan jirgi 12 masu taimakawa matukan jirgi (jimillar ma'aikatan jirgin 24), dukkansu 'yan Uganda ne, sun kammala horo da takardar shaidar jirgin CRJ900-ER. Ana sa ran jiragen farko guda biyu na yanki za su isa Uganda a watan Afrilun 2019. An shirya jigilar jirgin na uku a watan Yulin 2019 kuma ana sa ran jigilar CRJ900 ta huɗu za ta isa Satumbar 2019. Tsakanin Afrilu da Yunin 2019, kamfanin jirgin ya yi shirin samun takardar shaidar ma'aikacin jirgin sama (AOC) daga Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda kuma ya fara aiki nan da 30 ga Yunin 2019. A ranar 8 ga Afrilun 2019, an ruwaito cewa za a kawo jiragen farko guda biyu (5X-EQU da 5X-KOB) a ranar Talata 23 ga Afrilun 2019.<ref name="DelR"/><ref name="ArrvR"/> A watan Afrilun 2019, an tabbatar da isar da jirgin farko na Bombardier CRJ900 a ranar 23 ga Afrilun 2019, kuma jirgin farko na Airbus A330-800 a rabin farko na 2021. <ref name="DelvR">{{Cite web |last=Kungu Al-Mahadi Adam |date=9 April 2019 |title=Uganda Has Firmed Up Its Order For Two Airbus A330neos |url=https://www.softpower.ug/uganda-has-firmed-up-its-order-for-two-airbus-a330neos/ |access-date=10 April 2019 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Yuli, 2019, Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Uganda ta bai wa Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Uganda takardar shaidar aiki da jiragen sama, inda ta kammala wani tsari na bayar da takardar shaida na matakai biyar da watanni uku wanda ya ba wa kamfanin damar fara ayyukan kasuwanci.<ref name="ClearR">{{Cite web |last=Paul Ampurire |date=27 July 2019 |title=Uganda Airlines Issued Air Operator Certificate By Civil Aviation Authority |url=https://www.softpower.ug/uganda-airlines-issued-air-operator-certificate-by-civil-aviation-authority/ |access-date=27 July 2019 |publisher=SoftPower Uganda}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2019, kamfanin ya sanar da ranar ƙaddamar da jirgin a matsayin ranar 28 ga wannan watan, tare da jiragen sama zuwa Nairobi, Mogadishu, Dar es Salaam, Juba, Kilimanjaro, Mombasa da Bujumbura.<ref name="DestR"/> A safiyar ranar 28 ga Agusta 2019, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya yi tashinsa na farko na kasuwanci daga Entebbe zuwa filin jirgin saman Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) tare da fasinjoji takwas.<ref name=":0"/> A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2019, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya ƙaddamar da jirgin farko zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Kilimanjaro; ta haka ne ya kammala matakin farko na ayyukan hanyoyi bakwai waɗanda aka fara da jiragen sama zuwa Filin Jirgin Sama na Jomo Kenyatta kusan watanni uku da suka gabata.<ref name="JROR"/> A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2019, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya fara jigilar fasinjoji na kasuwanci zuwa Zanzibar da ke Tanzania. Sabis ɗin da kamfanin ke yi sau uku a mako, ya kawo wuraren da kamfanin ke zuwa zuwa takwas a mataki na biyu na faɗaɗa hanyar.<ref name="EightR">{{Cite web |last=Lucas Okello |date=16 December 2019 |title=Uganda Airlines Launches Flights To Zanzibar, Kigali Next |url=https://smart24tv.co.ug/2019/12/16/uganda-airlines-zanzibar/ |access-date=5 January 2020 |publisher=Smart24 Television Uganda |place=Kampala}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2020, bayan dakatar da ayyukan fasinja na tsawon watanni shida, saboda takunkumin tafiye-tafiye da aka sanya sakamakon annobar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya sake fara ayyukan fasinja a matakai. A wannan rana, cibiyar kamfanin jirgin saman, Filin Jirgin Sama na Kasa da Kasa na Entebbe wanda aka rufe shi ga fasinjoji tun Maris 2020, an bude shi don ci gaba da ayyukan fasinja.<ref name="ResR">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2024 |title=COVID-19: Uganda resumes commercial flights |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/-covid-19-uganda-resumes-commercial-flights-/1992430 |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=[[Anadolu Agency]]}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2020, kamfanin jirgin saman Uganda Airlines ya fara jigilar jiragen sama na kasuwanci zuwa [[Kinshasa]] a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo. Aikinsa sau uku a mako ya kara fadada hanyar sadarwa ta kamfanin zuwa wurare goma.<ref name="TenR">{{Cite web |last=Rebecca Kyobutungi |date=19 December 2020 |title=Uganda Airlines starts flight to Kinshasa |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1535701/uganda-airlines-starts-flight-kinshasa |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2023, UR ta sanar da shirin fara jigilar fasinjoji da kaya zuwa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya da [[Mumbai]], Indiya, a lokacin kwata na 4 na 2023. Idan kuma aka sayi sabbin kayan aiki kamar yadda aka zata, wuraren da za a ziyarta sun hada da [[Lusaka]], [[Harare]], [[Cape Town]], [[Abuja]], [[Jeddah]], [[Landan|London]] da [[Guangzhou]] . Wasu kuma sun hada da [[Addis Ababa]] da [[Amsterdam]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Uganda Airlines should fly to the promised routes |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/editorial/uganda-airlines-should-fly-to-the-promised-routes-4351140 |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Haka kuma ana duba [[Goma (birni)|Goma, DRC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2023 |title=Uganda Airlines poised to end year on a high |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uganda-airlines-poised-to-end-year-on-a-high/ |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Uganda_Airlines,_5X-EQU,_Bombardier_CRJ-900_(48641140017).jpg|alt=Uganda Airlines, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900|thumb|Jirgin saman Uganda, 5X-EQU, Bombardier CRJ-900]] A watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta sami amincewar doka don yin hidima a Lusaka, Harare, [[Filin Jirgi na Abdulaziz|Jeddah]] da [[Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Khalid|Riyadh]].<ref name="Wet1R">{{Cite web |last=Victor Shalton |date=9 April 2024 |title=Uganda Airlines to Boost Capacity to Johannesburg |url=https://airlinegeeks.com/2024/04/09/uganda-airlines-to-boost-capacity-to-johannesburg/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=AirlineGeeks.com}}</ref> Ana kuma la'akari da yin hidima zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Cape Town|Cape Town]] ta Harare.<ref name="CapR">{{Cite web |last=Freeman Makopa |date=20 October 2023 |title=Uganda Airlines takes interest in Zim |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/local-news/article/200018321/uganda-airlines-takes-interest-in-zim |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=Newsday Zimbabwe}}</ref> Haka kuma a watan Afrilun 2024, UR ta fara yin shirye-shirye na musamman don yin hidima [[Filin jirgin saman Abu Dhabi|a Abu Dhabi]].<ref name="AbuR">{{Cite web |last=Samson Waswa |date=25 April 2024 |title=Uganda Airlines To Commence Flights To Abu Dhabi |url=https://www.pulse.ug/business/uganda-airlines-to-commence-flights-to-abu-dhabi/wtcsbbk |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=Pulse Uganda}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2025, kamfanin jirgin ya sanar da fara jigilar fasinjoji zuwa [[Filin jirgin saman Landan-Gatwick|London Gatwick]] a watan Mayu na 2025.<ref name="LGW1">{{Cite web |last=Anthony Wesaka |date=20 March 2025 |title=Uganda Airlines launches London Gatwick route |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/uganda-airlines-launches-london-gatwick-route-4972076 |access-date=20 Mar 2025}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Mayu na 2025, UR ta fara jigilar fasinjoji kai tsaye tsakanin Entebbe da London Gatwick, sau huɗu a mako.<ref name="LGW2"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Uganda]] 3ty1wqynkke47qysqs1o2k3d9l81th9 Bryan Danielson 0 91548 891397 573661 2026-08-04T17:05:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bryan Lloyd Danielson''' (an haife shi a watan Mayu 22, shekara ta 1981) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne ɗan Amurka mai ritaya.<ref>[2]Singh, Gaurav (October 13, 2024). "AEW officially acknowledges Bryan Danielson's retirement despite a shocking ending". www.sportskeeda.com.</ref>  Ya sanya hannu ga All Elite Wrestling (AEW), inda ya kasance tsohon zakaran Duniya na AEW.  Har ila yau, an san shi da wasanninsa a WWE, inda ya yi wasa a karkashin sunan dandali '''Daniel Bryan''' daga 2010 zuwa 2021. Ya yi fice da salon wasan kokawanshi na musamman da farin jini a cikin magoya baya, ana daukar shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan ƙwararrun kokawa na kowane lokaci. {{stub}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 536frg5bexmtukmjysleu2p5yusfchn George Eliot 0 91771 891407 879244 2026-08-04T17:37:55Z Baffa ali 47435 891407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Ann Evans''' (daga ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba 1819 harzuwa 22 ga watan Disamba 1880; a madadin Mary Anne ko Marian <ref>Ashton, Rosemary (1996). George Eliot: A Life. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 255. ISBN 978-024113473</ref> <ref>Jacobs, Alexandra (13 August 2023). "George Eliot's Scandalous Answer to 'The Marriage Question'". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2023</ref> ), wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami '''George Eliot''', marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, mawaƙiya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma ɗayan manyan marubuta. na [[Zamanin Victorian|Zamanin Sarauniya Victoriya]].<ref>George Eliot (…) is the most earnestly imperative and the most probingly intelligent of the great mid-Victorian novelists". In: Sanders, Andrew The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1994. p. 440</ref> Ta rubuta litattafai bakwai: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (daga 1862 harzuwa 1863), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (daga 1871 harzuwa 1872) da Daniel Deronda (1876). Kamar yadda Charles Dickens da Thomas Hardy, ta fito daga lardin Ingila; akasarin ayyukanta an saita su a can. Ayyukanta an san su da haƙiƙanin haƙiƙanin su, hangen nesa na tunani, fahimtar wuri da cikakken kwatancen karkara. Mawallafin marubuci Virginia Woolf ya bayyana Middlemarch a matsayin "ɗayan litattafan Turanci da aka rubuta don manyan mutane"<ref>Woolf, Virginia. "George Eliot." The Common Reader. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1925. pp. 166–176.</ref> da Martin Amis<ref>Long, Camilla.Martin Amis and the sex war[dead link], The Times, 24 January 2010, p. 4: "They've [women] produced the greatest writer in the English language ever, George Eliot, and arguably the third greatest, Jane Austen, and certainly the greatest novel, Middlemarch</ref> da Julian Barnes<ref>Guppy, Shusha. "Interviews: Julian Barnes, The Art of Fiction No. 165". The Paris Review (Winter 2000). Retrieved 26 May 2012.</ref> a matsayin mafi girma novel a cikin harshen Turanci. Abin kunya kuma ba tare da al'ada ba ga zamanin, ta zauna tare da mai aure George Henry Lewes a matsayin abokin aurensa, daga 1854 zuwa 1878, kuma ta kira shi mijinta. Ya kasance yana aure da matarsa ​​kuma yana kula da 'ya'yansu, ko da ta bar shi ya zauna da wani mutum kuma ya haihu da shi. A cikin watan Mayun 1880, watanni goma sha takwas bayan mutuwar Lewes, George Eliot ya auri abokinsa na dogon lokaci, John Cross, wani mutum da ya girme ta, kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa Mary Ann Cross. ==Rayuwa== ===Rayuwar farko da ilimi=== An haifi Mary Ann Evans a [[Nuneaton]], [[Warwickshire]], Ingila, a ''South Farm'' a cikin Estate Hall Arbury.<ref>Cooke, George Willis. George Eliot: A Critical Study of her Life, Writings and Philosophy. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004. [1]</ref> Ita ce ɗa ta uku na Robert Evans (daga 1773 harzuwa 1849), manajan gidan Arbury Hall, da Christiana Evans (née Pearson, daga 1788 harzuwa 1836), ‘yar mai gida. Cikakkun ƴan uwanta sune: Christiana, wanda aka fi sani da Chrissey (daga 1814 harzuwa 1859), Isaac (daga 1816 harzuwa 1890), da ƴan’uwan tagwaye waɗanda suka mutu kwanaki kaɗan bayan haihuwa a cikin Maris 1821. Har ila yau, tana da ɗan’uwa rabi, Robert Evans (daga 1802 harzuwa 1864), da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwa, Frances "Fanny" Evans Houghton (daga 1805 harzuwa 1882), daga auren mahaifinta na baya zuwa Harriet Poynton (daga 1780 harzuwa 1809). A farkon 1820, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida mai suna Griff House, tsakanin Nuneaton da Bedworth.<ref> George Eliot Biography – life, childhood, children, name, story, death, history, wife, school, young". www.notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 23 July 2018</ref>Matashin Evans ƙwararren mai karatu ne kuma a bayyane yake haziki. Domin ba a ganinta kyakkyawa a zahiri, ba a tunanin Evans tana da damar yin aure da yawa, kuma wannan, tare da basirarta, ya sa mahaifinta ya saka hannun jari a cikin ilimin da ba sau da yawa ba mata.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. pp. 24–25</ref> Daga shekaru biyar zuwa tara, ta shiga tare da 'yar uwarta Chrissey a makarantar Miss Latham a Attleborough, daga shekaru tara zuwa goma sha uku a makarantar Mrs. Wallington a Nuneaton, kuma daga shekaru goma sha uku zuwa goma sha shida a makarantar Miss Franklin a Coventry. A makarantar Misis Wallington, ’yar bishara Maria Lewis ce ta koyar da ita—wadda aka aika wa wasiƙunta na farko. A cikin yanayin addini na makarantar Miss Franklin, Evans ya fuskanci shiru, imani mai ladabi wanda ya saba wa aikin bishara.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 31</ref> Bayan ya cika shekara goma sha shida, Evans ba shi da ilimi kadan.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 52</ref> Godiya ga muhimmiyar rawar da mahaifinta ke takawa a kan kadarorin, an ba ta damar shiga ɗakin karatu na Arbury Hall, wanda ya taimaka mata ilimin kanta da zurfin koyo. Iliminta na gargajiya ya bar ta; Christopher Stray ya lura cewa "littattafan George Eliot sun zana sosai a kan adabin Girka (daya daga cikin littattafanta ne kawai za a iya buga shi daidai ba tare da amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in Hellenanci ba), kuma sau da yawa bala'i na Girkanci ya rinjayi jigoginta".<ref>Christopher Stray Classics Transformed, p. 81</ref> ==Tunawa da girmamawa== Anyi wurare da dama don tunawa a mahaifarta wato Nuneaton. Wannan su hada da Kwalejin George Eliot, Makarantar Middlemarch Junior, Asibitin George Eliot (tsohon Asibitin Gaggawa na Nuneaton), <ref>BIRMINGHAM REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD GROUP 20 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE. Birmingham Regional Hospital Board Group 20 Hospital Management Committee. 1944–1974.</ref> da George Eliot Road, a Foleshill, Coventry. Hakanan, The Mary Anne Evans Hospice a Nuneaton. Wani mutum-mutumi na Eliot yana cikin Titin Newdegate, Nuneaton, kuma Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery yana da nunin kayan tarihi masu alaƙa da ita. An ba wa wata na'ura mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da ke gina rami na Bromford a kan High Speed ​​2 don girmama ta.<ref>Bromford Tunnel". HS2. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> A cikin 2015, an ba wa sabon ɗakin zama sunan Evans a Jami'ar Royal Holloway ta London, magajin Kwalejin Bedford, wanda Evans ya halarta a 1850-1. ==Ayyukan ta== ===Littattafai=== * ''[[Adam Bede]]'' (1859) * ''[[The Mill on the Floss]]'' (1860) * ''[[Silas Marner]]'' (1861) * ''[[Romola]]'' (1863) * ''[[Felix Holt, the Radical]]'' (1866) * ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (1871–1872) ** [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.HOUGH:5340370 "Quarry for Middlemarch"], MS Lowell 13, Houghton Library, Harvard University (A digital facsimile of the manuscript of research notes) * ''[[Daniel Deronda]]'' (1876) ===Tarin Gajerun Labarai da tatsuniyoyi=== * ''[[Scenes of Clerical Life]]'' (1857) ** ''The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton'' ** ''Mr Gilfil's Love Story'' ** ''Janet's Repentance'' * ''[[The Lifted Veil (novella)|The Lifted Veil]]'' (1859) * ''[[s:Brother Jacob|Brother Jacob]]'' (1864) * ''[[Impressions of Theophrastus Such]]'' (1879) ===Fassarori=== * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/249 ''Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined)''] [https://archive.org/details/lifeofjesuscriti02stra Volume 2] by [[David Strauss]] (1846) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/250 ''Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)''] by [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] (1854) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/321 ''The Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza''] by [[Benedict de Spinoza]] (1856) ===Shayari=== * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/331 ''Knowing That I Must Shortly Put Off This Tabernacle''] (1840) * ''[[s:In a London Drawingroom|In a London Drawingroom]]'' (1865) * ''[[s: A Minor Prophet|A Minor Prophet]]'' (1865) * ''[[s:Two Lovers|Two Lovers]]'' (1866) * ''[[s:Poems That Every Child Should Know/The Choir Invisible|The Choir Invisible]]'' (1867) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/228 ''The Spanish Gypsy''] (1868) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Agatha|Agatha]]'' (1868) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Brother and Sister|Brother and Sister]]'' (1869) * ''[[s:How Lisa Loved the King|How Lisa Loved the King]]'' (1869) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/602 ''Armgart''] (1870) * ''[[s:Stradivarius|Stradivarius]]'' (1873) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Arion|Arion]]'' (1873) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Legend of Jubal|The Legend of Jubal]]'' (1874) * ''[[s:I Grant You Ample Leave|I Grant You Ample Leave]]'' (1874) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/596 ''Evenings Come and Go, Love''] (1878) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/598 ''Self and Life''] (1879) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/150 ''A College Breakfast Party''] (1879) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Death of Moses|The Death of Moses]]'' (1879) ===Labaran gaskiya=== * [[s:Impressions of Theophrastus Such. Essays and Leaves from a note-book/Three Months in Weimar|"Three Months in Weimar"]] (1855) * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/Silly Novels by Lady Novelists|"Silly Novels by Lady Novelists"]] (1856)<!--Alternate: PDF copy http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/ENGL618/readings/theory/EliotSillyNovels.pdf - archived https://www.webcitation.org/6TU37dzeK?url=http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/ENGL618/readings/theory/EliotSillyNovels.pdf --> * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/Natural History of German Life|"The Natural History of German Life"]] (1856) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=4MopnRJ-HmMC&pg=PA654 Review of John Ruskin's ''Modern Painters'' in ''Westminster Review'', April 1856] * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/The Influence of Rationalism|"The Influence of Rationalism"]] (1865) {{stub}} ==Manazarta==George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) George Eliot sunan alƙalami ne na Mary Ann Evans (22 Nuwamba 1819 – 22 Disamba 1880), fitacciyar marubuciya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma masaniyar adabin Ingila. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan littattafan Turanci na ƙarni na 19 saboda ƙwarewarta wajen bayyana halayen ɗan Adam, zamantakewa, ɗabi'a, da matsalolin rayuwa. Littattafanta sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban adabin Turanci kuma har yanzu ana karanta su a duniya. Rayuwar farko An haifi Mary Ann Evans a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1819, a Arbury Farm, Warwickshire, Ingila. Mahaifinta, Robert Evans, ya kasance mai kula da manyan kadarori, yayin da mahaifiyarta, Christiana Evans, ta kasance uwargida. Tun tana yarinya ta nuna ƙwarewa wajen karatu da rubuce-rubuce, inda ta koyi Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci da kuma Italiyanci. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta a shekarar 1836, Mary Ann ta ɗauki nauyin kula da gidan iyalinsu tare da mahaifinta. Wannan ya sa ta ƙara samun gogewa game da rayuwar al'umma, wanda daga baya ya zama tushen rubuce-rubucenta. Farkon aikinta A shekarar 1851 ta koma birnin Landan, inda ta fara aiki a mujallar Westminster Review a matsayin edita da marubuciya. Ta fassara muhimman littattafan falsafa daga Jamusanci zuwa Turanci, abin da ya ƙara bunƙasa iliminta da sunanta a duniyar adabi. Saboda ana nuna wariya ga mata marubuta a lokacin, ta zaɓi amfani da sunan George Eliot domin a karɓi aikinta ba tare da son zuciya ba. Rubuce-rubuce George Eliot ta rubuta littattafai da dama waɗanda suka shahara saboda zurfin tunani da ingancin labari. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukanta akwai: Scenes of Clerical Life (1857) Adam Bede (1859) The Mill on the Floss (1860) Silas Marner (1861) Romola (1863) Felix Holt, the Radical (1866) Middlemarch (1871–1872) Daniel Deronda (1876) Littafinta Middlemarch ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman littattafan da aka taɓa rubutawa a harshen Turanci saboda yadda ya yi bayani mai zurfi kan rayuwar al'umma da halayen mutane. Salon rubutu George Eliot ta yi fice wajen: Bayyana halayen mutane da zurfin tunani. Nuna matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Tattauna ɗabi'a da alhakin mutum. Hada falsafa da labari cikin salo mai sauƙin karantawa. Nuna muhimmancin ilimi da tausayi a rayuwar al'umma. Rayuwar sirri Mary Ann Evans ta rayu tare da George Henry Lewes, marubuci kuma masanin falsafa, duk da cewa ba su yi aure ba saboda matsalolin shari'a. Dangantakarsu ta kasance abin cece-kuce a lokacin, amma Lewes ya kasance babban mai goyon bayanta har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1878. A shekarar 1880 ta auri John Walter Cross, wanda ya kasance ƙarami gare ta da shekaru masu yawa. Rasuwarta George Eliot ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1880, tana da shekaru 61, sakamakon rashin lafiya. An binne ta a Highgate Cemetery da ke Landan, maimakon Westminster Abbey, saboda ra'ayoyinta da rayuwarta sun sa ba a ba ta wannan girmamawa a lokacin. Daga baya, an sanya mata abin tunawa a Poets' Corner na Westminster Abbey saboda irin gudummawar da ta bayar ga adabin Ingila. Gadonta George Eliot ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun marubutan mata a tarihin adabin duniya. Littattafanta suna ci gaba da zama abin nazari a jami'o'i da makarantu saboda zurfin fahimta game da rayuwar ɗan Adam. Ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa mata za su iya yin fice a duniyar adabi, kuma tasirin aikinta yana ci gaba har zuwa yau. Kammalawa George Eliot ta kasance marubuciya mai hangen nesa wadda ta yi amfani da hikima, ilimi da ƙwarewar rubutu wajen bayyana rayuwar al'umma da halayen ɗan Adam. Ayyukanta sun kasance ginshiƙai a tarihin adabin Turanci, kuma har yanzu suna da tasiri ga masu karatu da masana adabi a faɗin duniya. qiqrq3ebygra78s1wj5mbtnxb3qa3lz 891470 891407 2026-08-04T20:34:21Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Labaran gaskiya */ 891470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Ann Evans''' (daga ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba 1819 harzuwa 22 ga watan Disamba 1880; a madadin Mary Anne ko Marian <ref>Ashton, Rosemary (1996). George Eliot: A Life. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 255. ISBN 978-024113473</ref> <ref>Jacobs, Alexandra (13 August 2023). "George Eliot's Scandalous Answer to 'The Marriage Question'". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2023</ref> ), wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami '''George Eliot''', marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, mawaƙiya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma ɗayan manyan marubuta. na [[Zamanin Victorian|Zamanin Sarauniya Victoriya]].<ref>George Eliot (…) is the most earnestly imperative and the most probingly intelligent of the great mid-Victorian novelists". In: Sanders, Andrew The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1994. p. 440</ref> Ta rubuta litattafai bakwai: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (daga 1862 harzuwa 1863), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (daga 1871 harzuwa 1872) da Daniel Deronda (1876). Kamar yadda Charles Dickens da Thomas Hardy, ta fito daga lardin Ingila; akasarin ayyukanta an saita su a can. Ayyukanta an san su da haƙiƙanin haƙiƙanin su, hangen nesa na tunani, fahimtar wuri da cikakken kwatancen karkara. Mawallafin marubuci Virginia Woolf ya bayyana Middlemarch a matsayin "ɗayan litattafan Turanci da aka rubuta don manyan mutane"<ref>Woolf, Virginia. "George Eliot." The Common Reader. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1925. pp. 166–176.</ref> da Martin Amis<ref>Long, Camilla.Martin Amis and the sex war[dead link], The Times, 24 January 2010, p. 4: "They've [women] produced the greatest writer in the English language ever, George Eliot, and arguably the third greatest, Jane Austen, and certainly the greatest novel, Middlemarch</ref> da Julian Barnes<ref>Guppy, Shusha. "Interviews: Julian Barnes, The Art of Fiction No. 165". The Paris Review (Winter 2000). Retrieved 26 May 2012.</ref> a matsayin mafi girma novel a cikin harshen Turanci. Abin kunya kuma ba tare da al'ada ba ga zamanin, ta zauna tare da mai aure George Henry Lewes a matsayin abokin aurensa, daga 1854 zuwa 1878, kuma ta kira shi mijinta. Ya kasance yana aure da matarsa ​​kuma yana kula da 'ya'yansu, ko da ta bar shi ya zauna da wani mutum kuma ya haihu da shi. A cikin watan Mayun 1880, watanni goma sha takwas bayan mutuwar Lewes, George Eliot ya auri abokinsa na dogon lokaci, John Cross, wani mutum da ya girme ta, kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa Mary Ann Cross. ==Rayuwa== ===Rayuwar farko da ilimi=== An haifi Mary Ann Evans a [[Nuneaton]], [[Warwickshire]], Ingila, a ''South Farm'' a cikin Estate Hall Arbury.<ref>Cooke, George Willis. George Eliot: A Critical Study of her Life, Writings and Philosophy. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004. [1]</ref> Ita ce ɗa ta uku na Robert Evans (daga 1773 harzuwa 1849), manajan gidan Arbury Hall, da Christiana Evans (née Pearson, daga 1788 harzuwa 1836), ‘yar mai gida. Cikakkun ƴan uwanta sune: Christiana, wanda aka fi sani da Chrissey (daga 1814 harzuwa 1859), Isaac (daga 1816 harzuwa 1890), da ƴan’uwan tagwaye waɗanda suka mutu kwanaki kaɗan bayan haihuwa a cikin Maris 1821. Har ila yau, tana da ɗan’uwa rabi, Robert Evans (daga 1802 harzuwa 1864), da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwa, Frances "Fanny" Evans Houghton (daga 1805 harzuwa 1882), daga auren mahaifinta na baya zuwa Harriet Poynton (daga 1780 harzuwa 1809). A farkon 1820, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida mai suna Griff House, tsakanin Nuneaton da Bedworth.<ref> George Eliot Biography – life, childhood, children, name, story, death, history, wife, school, young". www.notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 23 July 2018</ref>Matashin Evans ƙwararren mai karatu ne kuma a bayyane yake haziki. Domin ba a ganinta kyakkyawa a zahiri, ba a tunanin Evans tana da damar yin aure da yawa, kuma wannan, tare da basirarta, ya sa mahaifinta ya saka hannun jari a cikin ilimin da ba sau da yawa ba mata.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. pp. 24–25</ref> Daga shekaru biyar zuwa tara, ta shiga tare da 'yar uwarta Chrissey a makarantar Miss Latham a Attleborough, daga shekaru tara zuwa goma sha uku a makarantar Mrs. Wallington a Nuneaton, kuma daga shekaru goma sha uku zuwa goma sha shida a makarantar Miss Franklin a Coventry. A makarantar Misis Wallington, ’yar bishara Maria Lewis ce ta koyar da ita—wadda aka aika wa wasiƙunta na farko. A cikin yanayin addini na makarantar Miss Franklin, Evans ya fuskanci shiru, imani mai ladabi wanda ya saba wa aikin bishara.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 31</ref> Bayan ya cika shekara goma sha shida, Evans ba shi da ilimi kadan.<ref>Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 52</ref> Godiya ga muhimmiyar rawar da mahaifinta ke takawa a kan kadarorin, an ba ta damar shiga ɗakin karatu na Arbury Hall, wanda ya taimaka mata ilimin kanta da zurfin koyo. Iliminta na gargajiya ya bar ta; Christopher Stray ya lura cewa "littattafan George Eliot sun zana sosai a kan adabin Girka (daya daga cikin littattafanta ne kawai za a iya buga shi daidai ba tare da amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in Hellenanci ba), kuma sau da yawa bala'i na Girkanci ya rinjayi jigoginta".<ref>Christopher Stray Classics Transformed, p. 81</ref> ==Tunawa da girmamawa== Anyi wurare da dama don tunawa a mahaifarta wato Nuneaton. Wannan su hada da Kwalejin George Eliot, Makarantar Middlemarch Junior, Asibitin George Eliot (tsohon Asibitin Gaggawa na Nuneaton), <ref>BIRMINGHAM REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD GROUP 20 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE. Birmingham Regional Hospital Board Group 20 Hospital Management Committee. 1944–1974.</ref> da George Eliot Road, a Foleshill, Coventry. Hakanan, The Mary Anne Evans Hospice a Nuneaton. Wani mutum-mutumi na Eliot yana cikin Titin Newdegate, Nuneaton, kuma Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery yana da nunin kayan tarihi masu alaƙa da ita. An ba wa wata na'ura mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da ke gina rami na Bromford a kan High Speed ​​2 don girmama ta.<ref>Bromford Tunnel". HS2. Retrieved 18 September 2023.</ref> A cikin 2015, an ba wa sabon ɗakin zama sunan Evans a Jami'ar Royal Holloway ta London, magajin Kwalejin Bedford, wanda Evans ya halarta a 1850-1. ==Ayyukan ta== ===Littattafai=== * ''[[Adam Bede]]'' (1859) * ''[[The Mill on the Floss]]'' (1860) * ''[[Silas Marner]]'' (1861) * ''[[Romola]]'' (1863) * ''[[Felix Holt, the Radical]]'' (1866) * ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (1871–1872) ** [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.HOUGH:5340370 "Quarry for Middlemarch"], MS Lowell 13, Houghton Library, Harvard University (A digital facsimile of the manuscript of research notes) * ''[[Daniel Deronda]]'' (1876) ===Tarin Gajerun Labarai da tatsuniyoyi=== * ''[[Scenes of Clerical Life]]'' (1857) ** ''The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton'' ** ''Mr Gilfil's Love Story'' ** ''Janet's Repentance'' * ''[[The Lifted Veil (novella)|The Lifted Veil]]'' (1859) * ''[[s:Brother Jacob|Brother Jacob]]'' (1864) * ''[[Impressions of Theophrastus Such]]'' (1879) ===Fassarori=== * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/249 ''Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined)''] [https://archive.org/details/lifeofjesuscriti02stra Volume 2] by [[David Strauss]] (1846) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/250 ''Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)''] by [[Ludwig Feuerbach]] (1854) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/321 ''The Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza''] by [[Benedict de Spinoza]] (1856) ===Shayari=== * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/331 ''Knowing That I Must Shortly Put Off This Tabernacle''] (1840) * ''[[s:In a London Drawingroom|In a London Drawingroom]]'' (1865) * ''[[s: A Minor Prophet|A Minor Prophet]]'' (1865) * ''[[s:Two Lovers|Two Lovers]]'' (1866) * ''[[s:Poems That Every Child Should Know/The Choir Invisible|The Choir Invisible]]'' (1867) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/228 ''The Spanish Gypsy''] (1868) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Agatha|Agatha]]'' (1868) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Brother and Sister|Brother and Sister]]'' (1869) * ''[[s:How Lisa Loved the King|How Lisa Loved the King]]'' (1869) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/602 ''Armgart''] (1870) * ''[[s:Stradivarius|Stradivarius]]'' (1873) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/Arion|Arion]]'' (1873) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Legend of Jubal|The Legend of Jubal]]'' (1874) * ''[[s:I Grant You Ample Leave|I Grant You Ample Leave]]'' (1874) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/596 ''Evenings Come and Go, Love''] (1878) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/598 ''Self and Life''] (1879) * [https://georgeeliotarchive.org/items/show/150 ''A College Breakfast Party''] (1879) * ''[[s:The poems of George Eliot (Crowell, 1884)/The Death of Moses|The Death of Moses]]'' (1879) ===Labaran gaskiya=== * [[s:Impressions of Theophrastus Such. Essays and Leaves from a note-book/Three Months in Weimar|"Three Months in Weimar"]] (1855) * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/Silly Novels by Lady Novelists|"Silly Novels by Lady Novelists"]] (1856)<!--Alternate: PDF copy http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/ENGL618/readings/theory/EliotSillyNovels.pdf - archived https://www.webcitation.org/6TU37dzeK?url=http://faculty.winthrop.edu/kosterj/ENGL618/readings/theory/EliotSillyNovels.pdf --> * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/Natural History of German Life|"The Natural History of German Life"]] (1856) * [https://books.google.com/books?id=4MopnRJ-HmMC&pg=PA654 Review of John Ruskin's ''Modern Painters'' in ''Westminster Review'', April 1856] * [[s:Essays of George Eliot/The Influence of Rationalism|"The Influence of Rationalism"]] (1865) {{stub}} ==Manazarta==George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) George Eliot sunan alƙalami ne na Mary Ann Evans (22 Nuwamba 1819 – 22 Disamba 1880), fitacciyar marubuciya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma masaniyar adabin Ingila. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubutan littattafan Turanci na ƙarni na 19 saboda ƙwarewarta wajen bayyana halayen ɗan Adam, zamantakewa, ɗabi'a, da matsalolin rayuwa. Littattafanta sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban adabin Turanci kuma har yanzu ana karanta su a duniya. Rayuwar farko An haifi Mary Ann Evans a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1819, a Arbury Farm, Warwickshire, Ingila. Mahaifinta, Robert Evans, ya kasance mai kula da manyan kadarori, yayin da mahaifiyarta, Christiana Evans, ta kasance uwargida. Tun tana yarinya ta nuna ƙwarewa wajen karatu da rubuce-rubuce, inda ta koyi Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci da kuma Italiyanci. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta a shekarar 1836, Mary Ann ta ɗauki nauyin kula da gidan iyalinsu tare da mahaifinta. Wannan ya sa ta ƙara samun gogewa game da rayuwar al'umma, wanda daga baya ya zama tushen rubuce-rubucenta. Farkon aikinta A shekarar 1851 ta koma birnin Landan, inda ta fara aiki a mujallar Westminster Review a matsayin edita da marubuciya. Ta fassara muhimman littattafan falsafa daga Jamusanci zuwa Turanci, abin da ya ƙara bunƙasa iliminta da sunanta a duniyar adabi. Saboda ana nuna wariya ga mata marubuta a lokacin, ta zaɓi amfani da sunan George Eliot domin a karɓi aikinta ba tare da son zuciya ba. Rubuce-rubuce George Eliot ta rubuta littattafai da dama waɗanda suka shahara saboda zurfin tunani da ingancin labari. Daga cikin fitattun ayyukanta akwai: Scenes of Clerical Life (1857) Adam Bede (1859) The Mill on the Floss (1860) Silas Marner (1861) Romola (1863) Felix Holt, the Radical (1866) Middlemarch (1871–1872) Daniel Deronda (1876) Littafinta Middlemarch ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman littattafan da aka taɓa rubutawa a harshen Turanci saboda yadda ya yi bayani mai zurfi kan rayuwar al'umma da halayen mutane. Salon rubutu George Eliot ta yi fice wajen: Bayyana halayen mutane da zurfin tunani. Nuna matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Tattauna ɗabi'a da alhakin mutum. Hada falsafa da labari cikin salo mai sauƙin karantawa. Nuna muhimmancin ilimi da tausayi a rayuwar al'umma. Rayuwar sirri Mary Ann Evans ta rayu tare da George Henry Lewes, marubuci kuma masanin falsafa, duk da cewa ba su yi aure ba saboda matsalolin shari'a. Dangantakarsu ta kasance abin cece-kuce a lokacin, amma Lewes ya kasance babban mai goyon bayanta har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1878. A shekarar 1880 ta auri John Walter Cross, wanda ya kasance ƙarami gare ta da shekaru masu yawa. Rasuwarta George Eliot ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1880, tana da shekaru 61, sakamakon rashin lafiya. An binne ta a Highgate Cemetery da ke Landan, maimakon Westminster Abbey, saboda ra'ayoyinta da rayuwarta sun sa ba a ba ta wannan girmamawa a lokacin. Daga baya, an sanya mata abin tunawa a Poets' Corner na Westminster Abbey saboda irin gudummawar da ta bayar ga adabin Ingila. Gadonta George Eliot ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun marubutan mata a tarihin adabin duniya. Littattafanta suna ci gaba da zama abin nazari a jami'o'i da makarantu saboda zurfin fahimta game da rayuwar ɗan Adam. Ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa mata za su iya yin fice a duniyar adabi, kuma tasirin aikinta yana ci gaba har zuwa yau. Kammalawa George Eliot ta kasance marubuciya mai hangen nesa wadda ta yi amfani da hikima, ilimi da ƙwarewar rubutu wajen bayyana rayuwar al'umma da halayen ɗan Adam. Ayyukanta sun kasance ginshiƙai a tarihin adabin Turanci, kuma har yanzu suna da tasiri ga masu karatu da masana adabi a faɗin duniya. == Manazarta == na2m5d4o1i9dv2njb5wf11tjpfukr68 Hypatia 0 91895 891594 609655 2026-08-05T07:04:23Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hypatia'''<ref>[a]/haɪˈpeɪʃə, -ʃiə/ ⓘ hy-PAY-shə, -⁠shee-ə;[2][3] Ancient Greek: Ὑπατία, Koine pronunciation [y.pa.ˈti.a]</ref>(an haife shi c. 350-370 - Maris 415 AD) <ref>[1]O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Hypatia of Alexandria", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews</ref> <ref>[4]Benedetto, Canio; Isola, Stefano; Russo, Lucio (31 January 2017), "Dating Hypatia's birth : a probabilistic model", Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems, 5 (1): 19–40, doi:10.2140/memocs.2017.5.19, hdl:11581/390549, ISSN 2325-3444</ref> ya kasance masanin falsafa ne na [[Neoplatonist]], masanin taurari, sannan kuma masanin lissafi wanda ya rayu a [[Alexandria]], [[Misra|Masar]], sannan wani yanki na Daular Roma ta Gabas.  Ta kasance fitacciyar mai tunani a Alexandria inda ta koyar da falsafa da ilmin taurari.<ref>5]Krebs, Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries; The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999: "Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria."</ref>Ko da yake Pandrosion ya gabace shi, wata ƴar Iskandariyya ce mai ilimin lissafi,<ref>[6]O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Pandrosion of Alexandria", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews</ref> ita ce mace ta farko mai ilimin lissafi wacce rayuwarta ta yi kyau sosai.<ref>[7]Deakin 2012.</ref>  Hypatia ta shahara a rayuwarta a matsayin babban malami kuma mai ba da shawara mai hikima.  Ta rubuta sharhi kan Arithmetica mai juzu'i goma sha uku na Diophantus, wanda zai iya rayuwa a wani ɓangare, bayan an haɗa shi cikin ainihin rubutun Diophantus, da wani sharhi akan Apollonius na littafin Perga akan sassan conic, wanda bai tsira ba.  Yawancin malaman zamani kuma sun yi imanin cewa Hypatia ta iya gyara rubutun rayayye na Ptolemy's Almagest, bisa taken sharhin mahaifinta Theon akan Littafi na III na Almagest. Hypatia ta kera taurarin taurari da na'urorin lantarki, amma ba ta ƙirƙiro ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ba, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su tun kafin a haife ta.  Ta kasance mai haƙuri ga Kiristoci kuma ta koyar da ɗaliban Kirista da yawa, ciki har da Synesius, bishop na [[Ptolemais]] na gaba.  Majiyoyi na dā sun rubuta cewa arna da Kirista sun ƙaunaci Hypatia sosai kuma ta kafa babban tasiri tare da jiga-jigan siyasa a Alexandria.  Kusa da ƙarshen rayuwarta, Hypatia ta shawarci Orestes, hakimin Romawa na Iskandariya, wanda ke tsakiyar rikicin siyasa da Cyril, bishop na Iskandariya.  An yada jita-jita ana zarginta da hana Orestes sulhu da Cyril kuma, a cikin watan Maris 415 AD, gungun Kiristoci a karkashin jagorancin wani malami mai suna Peter sun kashe ta.<ref>[9]Deakin 1994, p. 147.</ref><ref>[8]Edward Jay Watts, (2006), City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria. "Hypatia and pagan philosophical culture in the later fourth century", pp. 197–198. University of California Press</ref> Kisan Hypatia ya gigita daular kuma ya maida ta ta zama “Shahidi don falsafa”, wanda ke jagorantar Neoplatonists na gaba irin su ɗan tarihi Damascius (c.   458 – c.   538) don ƙara himma wajen adawa da Kiristanci.  A lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar, an haɗa Hypatia a matsayin alama ta ɗabi'ar Kiristanci kuma masana sun yi imanin cewa tana cikin tushen almara na Saint Catherine na Alexandria.  A lokacin Age of Enlightenment, ta zama alamar adawa ga Katolika.  A karni na sha tara, adabin Turawa, musamman littafin nan na Charles Kingsley na 1853 Hypatia, ya sanya ta a matsayin "karshen Hellene".  A cikin karni na ashirin, Hypatia ya zama abin kallo a matsayin alamar 'yancin mata da kuma mafari ga yunkurin mata.  Tun daga ƙarshen karni na ashirin, wasu hotuna sun danganta mutuwar Hypatia tare da lalata ɗakin karatu na Alexandria, duk da cewa ɗakin karatu ya daina wanzuwa a lokacin rayuwar Hypatia.<ref>[10]Theodore 2016, pp. 182–183.</ref>n == Rayuwarta == == Hypatia diyar masanin lissafi Theon na Alexandria (c. 335 – c. 405 AD).<ref>[15]Watts 2008, pp. 191–192.</ref><ref>[14]Deakin, Michael (3 August 1997), Ockham's Razor: Hypatia of Alexandria, ABC Radio, retrieved 10 July 2014</ref><ref>[16]Dzielska 1996, pp. 66–70.</ref><ref>[15]Watts 2008, pp. 191–192.</ref> A cewar masanin tarihi Edward J. Watts, Theon shi ne shugaban wata makaranta da ake kira "Mouseion", wanda aka sanya wa suna a cikin kwaikwayi na Hellenistic Mouseion, <ref>[15]Watts 2008, pp. 191–192.</ref>wanda kasancewarsa ya ƙare a cikin 260s AD.[17].  Makarantar Theon ta kasance keɓantacce, babbar daraja, kuma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a koyarwa.  Theon ya ƙi koyarwar Iamblichus kuma mai yiwuwa ya yi girman kai wajen koyar da tsafta, Plotinian Neoplatonism.[18]  Ko da yake an gan shi a matsayin babban masanin lissafi a lokacin,[11] [13] [19] Ayyukan lissafin Theon an ɗauke shi ta hanyar ma'auni na zamani a matsayin ainihin "ƙananan", [11] "marasa hankali", [13] da "gaba daya.  na asali".[19]  Babban nasarar da ya samu shine samar da wani sabon bugu na Euclid's Elements, wanda a cikinsa ya gyara kurakuran rubuce-rubucen da aka yi a cikin kusan shekaru 700 na kwafi.[11][12][13].  Buga Theon na Euclid's Elements ya zama mafi yawan bugu na littafin da aka yi amfani da shi tsawon ƙarni[12][20] kuma kusan gabaɗaya ya maye gurbin duk sauran bugu.[20] == == Babu wani abu da aka sani game da mahaifiyar Hypatia, wacce ba a taɓa ambatonta ba a cikin kowane tushe.  Theon ya keɓe sharhinsa akan Littafi na IV na Ptolemy's Almagest ga wani mutum mai suna Epiphanius, yana kiransa a matsayin "ɗana ƙaunataccena", [24] [25] yana nuna cewa watakila ya kasance ɗan'uwan Hypatia, [24] amma kalmar Helenanci Theon yana amfani da ita (  teknon) ba koyaushe yana nufin "ɗa" a ma'anar ilimin halitta kuma ana amfani dashi sau da yawa kawai don nuna ƙarfi na alaƙar uba.[24][25]  Har yanzu ana muhawara game da ainihin shekarar haihuwar Hypatia, tare da kwanakin da aka ba da shawarar daga 350 zuwa 370 AD.[26][27][28]  Masana da yawa sun bi Richard Hoche a cikin fahimtar cewa an haifi Hypatia a kusa da 370. Bisa ga asarar aikin Damascius Life of Isidore, wanda aka kiyaye shi a cikin shigarwar Hypatia a cikin Suda, kundin tarihin Byzantine na karni na goma, Hypatia ya bunƙasa a lokacin mulkin Arcadius.  Hoche ya yi nuni da cewa, bayanin da Damascius ya yi game da kyawunta na zahiri zai nuna cewa tana da shekaru 30 a lokacin, kuma shekara ta 370 ta kasance shekaru 30 kafin tsakiyar zamanin Arcadius.[29][30]  Sabanin haka, ka'idodin cewa an haife ta a farkon 350 sun dogara ne akan lafazin marubuci John Malalas (c. 491 - 578), wanda ya kira tsohuwarta a lokacin mutuwarta a 415.[28][31].  Robert Penella ya ba da hujjar cewa duka ra'ayoyin biyu ba su da ƙarfi, kuma ya kamata a bar ranar haihuwarta ba tare da fayyace ba.[29] == == Aikinta == Hypatia 'yar Neoplatonist ce, amma, kamar mahaifinta, ta ƙi koyarwar Iamblichus kuma a maimakon haka ta rungumi ainihin Neoplatonism wanda Plotinus ya tsara.<ref>[18]Watts 2008, p. 192.</ref>Makarantar Iskandariya ta shahara a lokacin saboda falsafarta, kuma ana ɗaukar Alexandria a matsayin ta biyu kawai bayan [[Athens]] a matsayin babban birnin falsafa na duniyar Greco-Roman[26].  Hypatia ya koyar da dalibai daga ko'ina cikin Bahar Rum.[32]  A cewar Damascius, ta yi lacca akan rubuce-rubucen Plato da [[Aristotle]].[33][34][35][36]  Ya kuma bayyana cewa ta bi ta Iskandariya a cikin wani tribon, wani nau'in alkyabbar da ke da alaka da masana falsafa, tana ba da laccoci na jama'a da ba su dace ba.[37][38][39] == Mutuwarta == Daga 382 – 412, bishop na Alexandria shine Theophilus.<ref>[65]Watts 2008, p. 196.</ref>Theophilus ya kasance mai adawa da Iamblichean Neoplatonism <ref>[65]Watts 2008, p. 196.</ref>kuma, a cikin 391, ya rushe Serapeum.[66][67]  Duk da haka, Theophilus ya jure makarantar Hypatia kuma da alama ya ɗauki Hypatia a matsayin abokinsa.[21][65][68]  Theophilus ya goyi bayan bishopric na ɗalibin Hypatia Synesius, [21][69] wanda ya kwatanta Theophilus a cikin wasiƙunsa da ƙauna da sha'awa.[68][70]  Theophilus kuma ya ƙyale Hypatia ya kulla dangantaka ta kud da kud da sarakunan Romawa da sauran fitattun shugabannin siyasa.[65]  Wani bangare na sakamakon hakurin Theophilus, Hypatia ya zama sananne sosai ga mutanen Iskandariya kuma ya yi tasiri mai zurfi a siyasance.[71] Theophilus ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a shekara ta 412.[65]  Ya kasance yana horar da ɗan’uwansa Cyril, amma bai bayyana shi a hukumance a matsayin magajinsa ba.[72]  An yi gumurzu mai ƙarfi a kan diocese tsakanin Cyril da abokin hamayyarsa Timotawus.  Cyril ya yi nasara kuma nan da nan ya fara azabtar da bangaren adawa;  ya rufe majami'u na Novatianists, waɗanda suka goyi bayan Timothawus, kuma ya kwashe dukiyoyinsu.[73]  Makarantar Hypatia da alama nan da nan ta ɗauki babban rashin amana ga sabon bishop,[68] [70] kamar yadda shaida ta gaskiyar cewa, a cikin dukkan manyan wasiƙunsa, Synesius ya taɓa rubuta wasiƙa ɗaya kawai ga Cyril, wanda a ciki yake kula da ƙaramin bishop.  a matsayin wanda ba shi da kwarewa kuma batattu[70].  A cikin wata wasika da aka rubuta zuwa Hypatia a cikin 413, Synesius ya bukace ta da ta yi roko a madadin mutane biyu da rikicin cikin gida ya shafa a Alexandria, [74] [75] [76] yana mai dagewa, "Kuna da iko koyaushe, kuma kuna iya kawowa.  mai kyau ta hanyar amfani da wannan ikon." [74] Ya kuma tunatar da ita cewa ta koya masa cewa dole ne masanin falsafa na Neoplatonic ya gabatar da mafi girman matsayi na ɗabi'a ga rayuwar siyasa kuma ya yi aiki don amfanin 'yan uwansu.  ’yan ƙasa[74]. A cewar Socrates Scholasticus, a shekara ta 414, bayan wata musayar wuta da kisan kiyashi da Yahudawa suka yi, Cyril ya rufe dukkan majami’u da ke birnin Iskandariya, ya kwashe dukiyoyin Yahudawa, ya kuma kori Yahudawa da dama daga birnin;  Scholasticus ya nuna cewa an kori Yahudawa duka, yayin da John na Nikiu ya lura cewa wadanda ke da hannu a kisan kiyashin ne kawai.[77][78][73]  Orestes, shugaban Romawa na Alexandria, wanda kuma abokin Hypatia ne [21] kuma sabon tuba zuwa Kiristanci, [21] [79] [80] ya fusata da ayyukan Cyril kuma ya aika da rahoto mai ban tsoro ga sarki.  21][73][81]  Rikicin ya yi ta'azzara, aka yi tashe-tashen hankula inda 'yan parabalani, gungun limaman Kirista da ke karkashin ikon Cyril, suka kusa kashe Orestes[73].  A matsayin hukunci, Orestes ya sa Ammonius, sufanci wanda ya tayar da tarzoma, ya azabtar da shi a bainar jama'a har ya mutu.[73][82][83]  Cyril ya yi ƙoƙari ya shelanta Ammonius shahidi,[73][82][84] amma Kiristoci a Iskandariya sun ɓata,[82][85] tun da aka kashe Ammonius saboda tada tarzoma da ƙoƙarin kashe gwamna, ba don bangaskiyarsa ba.  [82]  Fitattun Kiristocin Iskandariyawa ne suka shiga tsakani suka tilasta wa Cyril ya yi watsi da batun.[73][82][85]  Duk da haka, adawar Cyril da Orestes ta ci gaba.[86]  Orestes akai-akai kan tuntuɓar Hypatia don neman shawara[87] [88] saboda ana sonta sosai a tsakanin arna da Kirista, ba ta shiga cikin kowane matakai na rikice-rikice na baya ba, kuma tana da kyakkyawan suna a matsayin mai ba da shawara mai hikima.  89] Duk da shaharar Hypatia, Cyril da abokansa sun yi yunkurin bata mata suna da kuma bata mata suna.[90][91]  Socrates Scholasticus ya ambaci jita-jita da ke zargin Hypatia na hana Orestes sulhu da Cyril.[88][91]  Ana iya samun alamun wasu jita-jita da suka bazu tsakanin al'ummar Kiristanci na Iskandariya a cikin rubuce-rubucen bishop ɗan Koftik na Masar na ƙarni na bakwai John na Nikiû, [40] [91] wanda ya yi zargin a cikin Tarihi nasa cewa Hypatia ya tsunduma cikin ayyukan shaidan kuma yana da.  da gangan ya kawo cikas ga tasirin coci akan Orestes:[91][92][93][94] == Manazarta == 3b7vddl83209pcjuksz6bak58qyukuw Harshen Kurame na Quebec 0 95424 891613 606228 2026-08-05T07:58:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language|date=2021}} Harshen kurame na QuebecFaransanci: Langue des signes québécoise ko du Québec, LSQ) shine mafi yawan yaren kurame da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin harshen Faransanci na Kanada, da farko a Quebec. Kodayake ana kiranta alamar Quebec, ana iya samun LSQ a cikin al'ummomi a Ontario da New Brunswick da kuma wasu yankuna a fadin Kanada. Da yake memba ne na dangin Harshen Kurame na Faransanci, yana da alaƙa da Harshen Kurama na Faransashi (LSF), kasancewar sakamakon haɗuwa tsakanin Harshen Kurkuku na Amurka (ASL) da LSF. Kamar yadda LSQ za'a iya samunsa a kusa da kuma cikin al'ummomin francophone, akwai babban matakin aro na kalmomi da jimloli daga Faransanci, amma yana da nisa daga ƙirƙirar harshen creole. Koyaya, tare da LSQ, sanya hannu Faransanci da Pidgin LSQ Faransanci sun wanzu, inda duka sun haɗu da LSQ da Faransanci sosai zuwa digiri daban-daban LSQ an haɓaka ta ne a kusa da 1850 [1] ta wasu al'ummomin addini don taimakawa koyar da yara da matasa a Quebec daga yanayin hulɗar harshe. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bayan wani lokaci na tilasta magana, LSQ ya zama yare mai ƙarfi tsakanin al'ummomin kurame a cikin Quebec da kuma fadin Kanada. Koyaya, saboda gloss na LSQ a cikin Faransanci da rashin tsarin karatu a cikin ilimin firamare da sakandare na ji, har yanzu akwai manyan kuskuren ra'ayoyi tsakanin al'ummomin ji game da yanayin LSQ da yarukan kurame gaba ɗaya, wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga manufofin da aka yi a kan sikelin mafi girma. == Tarihi == A tsakiyar shekarun 1800, firistocin Katolika sun ɗauki LSF da ASL na yanzu kuma sun haɗa su biyu don inganta ilimin yara kurame da matasa. Shekaru da yawa daga baya, a ƙarƙashin tasirin tunanin Yamma, oralism ya zama ainihin hanyar koyarwa a Quebec da sauran Arewacin Amurka. A can, ɗalibai sun kasance ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya hana kuma sau da yawa ya haramta amfani da LSQ, a maimakon haka yana inganta amfani da duk wani sauraron da ɗalibin yake da shi idan akwai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gallaudet University |title=Oral Schools |url=https://my.gallaudet.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/Deaf%20Eyes%20Exhibit/Language-06oralschool.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707073124/http://my.gallaudet.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/Deaf%20Eyes%20Exhibit/Language-06oralschool.htm |archive-date=2013-07-07 |access-date=2015-07-22}}</ref> Irin wannan tsarin yana da tasiri daban-daban inda sauraro ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙwarewa da ƙaranci na samun harshe da aka gani a cikin yara da aka aika zuwa makarantun zama tun suna ƙanana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jinx |title=Residential Schools for the Deaf |url=http://www.deaflinx.com/DeafEd/OptionsGuide/LearningEnvironments.html }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reach Canada |title=Educational Abuse in Residential Schools for the Deaf |url=http://www.reach.ca/shared_future/eng/lucas.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111205721/http://www.reach.ca/shared_future/eng/lucas.htm |archive-date=2016-01-11 |access-date=2015-07-22}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kafa makarantu da yawa don kurame a [[Montréal|Montreal]] don mayar da martani ga ilimin da ya gaza: Cibiyar Montreal don Kurame da Mute, Cibiyar Sourdes-Muettes, Cibiyar Surd de Charlesbourg, babu wani daga cikinsu da ya wanzu. Koyaya, Makarantar MacKay don Kurame ta wanzu tun 1869 tana ba da sabis ga al'ummomin Ingilishi da ASL a Montreal. Tun daga shekarun 1960, akwai karuwar yawan masu magana da LSQ a Quebec da kuma yadawa a fadin Kanada. Saboda kusanci na Faransanci da LSQ, Kurame membobin al'ummomin francophone suna koyon LSQ duk da cewa ASL tana da rinjaye a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi.<ref name="QCdoc">{{Cite web |last=Office des personnes handicapées du Québec |date=1 November 2014 |title=La reconnaissance officielle des langues des signes : état de la situation dans le monde et ses implications |url=https://www.ophq.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/centre_documentaire/Etudes__analyses_et_rapports/RAP_reconnaissance_langues_signes.pdf |language=fr |access-date=10 March 2025 |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112154524/https://www.ophq.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/centre_documentaire/Etudes__analyses_et_rapports/RAP_reconnaissance_langues_signes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2007, Ontario ta zartar da doka wanda ya sa shi kadai yanki ne a Kanada wanda ya amince da LSQ a kowane hali, yana mai lura da cewa "Gwamnatin Ontario za ta tabbatar da cewa [ASL, LSQ da Harshen Kurame na Kasashen Farko] za a iya amfani da su a kotuna, a ilimi da kuma Majalisar Dokoki". A cikin 2019, Kanada ta wuce majalisar dokoki ta tarayya wacce ta amince da ASL, LSQ, da yarukan kurame na asali a matsayin harsuna na farko don sadarwa ta kurame a Kanada."Wannan sabuwar majalisa ta kafa abin da ake buƙata na duk bayanan tarayya da ayyuka don samun su a cikin waɗannan harsuna. An yi kira don canza Yarjejeniyar Quebec ta Harshen Faransanci don haɗawa da tanadi don LSQ. Koyaya, an ƙi duk takardun kuɗi saboda wani dalili ko wani suna barin matsayin LSQ a cikin iska ga Quebec da sauran Kanada. == Matsayi na hukuma == LSQ an san shi a matsayin harshen hukuma a Ontario kawai a fannonin ilimi, dokoki da ayyukan shari'a bayan wucewar Bill 213 a cikin Majalisar Dokokin Ontario. A duk faɗin Kanada, babu kariya ko kulawa ga yaren kamar yadda gwamnatocin tarayya, larduna ko yankuna ba su yarda da LSQ a matsayin yare ba tare da Ontario ba. A Quebec a shekara ta 2002 bayan wucewar Bill 104, an ki amincewa da shawarwarin da aka gabatar ga Hukumar Janar-Janar. A cikin 2013, Kungiyar Al'adu ta Quebec don Kurame ta gabatar da ƙarin shawarwari yayin tattaunawa game da sabunta Bill 14 wanda zai canza Yarjejeniyar Harshen Faransanci. An ba da shawarwari uku don canza Yarjejeniyar ta yadda aka gane LSQ tare da layin da aka yi don harshe da al'adun mutanen Aboriginal na Arewacin Amurka da Inuit na Quebec. Na farko ya lura cewa LSQ shine harshen farko na sadarwa ga Kurame Quebecois, na biyu cewa za a koyar da matasa kurame a cikin harsuna biyu (Faransanci / LSQ) a duk bangarorin ilimi kuma na uku cewa Faransanci za a ba da damar ga duk mutanen d / Duck a cikin lardin. Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ba ta kada kuri'a ta 14 ba saboda jam'iyyar 'yan tsiraru ba ta iya samun isasshen goyon baya daga wasu jam'iyyun ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assemblée Nationale du Québec |date=2013 |title=Projet de loi n°14 : Loi modifiant la Charte de la langue française, la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne et d'autres dispositions législatives |url=http://www.assnat.qc.ca/fr/travaux-parlementaires/projets-loi/projet-loi-14-40-1.html}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Yawan mutanen da ke magana da yaren kurame yana da wuyar tantancewa saboda dalilai da yawa, wato bayanan ƙididdigar da ba daidai ba da rashin haɗin kai da al'ummomin da kansu. Haka kuma gaskiya ne a Kanada tare da masu magana da LSQ inda bayanan ƙidaya ta hanyar StatsCan ke kama bayanai na asali wanda ke sa fahimtar halin da ake ciki ya zama da wahala kamar yadda lambobin ba su nuna yawan harshe daidai ba. StatsCan ya ba da rahoton zuwa 2011 kawai masu magana da LSQ 455, duk da haka an kiyasta cewa 2.6% (ko mutane 5,030) na yawan mutanen Quebec suna da ƙarancin ji.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Yankin da aka rarraba == Ana amfani da LSQ da farko a cikin Quebec. A waje, manyan al'ummomin masu amfani da LSQ suna cikin Sudbury, [[Ottawa]] da [[Toronto]] tare da ƙananan sanannun al'ummomi a wasu sassan New Brunswick. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya samun LSQ a cikin al'ummomin da ke magana da harshen Faransanci a duk faɗin ƙasar, amma ba a tattara ainihin bayanai a kan lambobi masu wuya ba. A Montreal, LSQ an tura shi a wasu yankuna ta hanyar ASL inda yake zaune tare. Gabaɗaya, ana iya samun ASL a cikin al'ummomin Ingilishi, duk da haka ba sabon abu ba ne don saduwa da mutanen da ke magana da harsuna biyu a cikin ASL da LSQ a cikin hanyar da mutum zai sadu da mutum mai magana da Ingilishi da Faransanci. Yayinda ASL ke girma a cikin Montreal, LSQ har yanzu yare ne mai ƙarfi a cikin birni, wanda masu magana daga ko'ina cikin lardin ke tallafawa. == Dubi kuma == * Sa hannu Faransanci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bl2xpzunbeq5fhmnhsz8b19rohwdbgs Fasahar bayanai 0 95549 891420 891293 2026-08-04T17:59:20Z A09 23573 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-42991-48|~2026-42991-48]] ([[User talk:~2026-42991-48|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 891420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fasahar bayanai''' ('''IT''') jeri ne na fannoni masu alaƙa a cikin fasahar bayanai da sadarwa (ICT), wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin kwamfuta, [[software]], harsunan shirye-shirye, bayanai da sarrafa bayanai, da ajiya. Fasahar bayanai aikace-aikace ne na kimiyyar kwamfuta da [[Kwamfuta injiniyarin|Injiniyan kwamfuta]]. Ana amfani da kalmar a matsayin ma'anar kwamfutoci da cibiyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta, amma kuma ya ƙunshi wasu fasahohin rarraba bayanai kamar [[talabijin]] da wayoyi.<ref name="Rasmussen">{{citation |title=What Is Information Technology? A Beginner's Guide to the World of IT|url=https://www.rasmussen.edu/degrees/technology/blog/what-is-information-technology/|last1=Cosker |first1=Glynn |journal=Technology Blog, Rasmussen University |year=2023}}.</ref> Samfurori ko ayyuka da yawa a cikin tattalin arziki suna da alaƙa da fasahar bayanai, gami da kayan aikin kwamfuta, [[software]], kayan lantarki, semiconductors, [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]], kayan sadarwa, da e-commerce. '''Tsarin fasahar bayanai''' (IT system) gabaɗaya tsarin bayanai ne, tsarin sadarwa, ko, musamman ma magana, [[Komfuta|tsarin kwamfuta]] - gami da duk kayan aiki, [[software]], da kayan aiki na gefe - wanda iyakantaccen rukuni na masu amfani da IT ke sarrafawa, kuma '''Aikin IT''' yawanci yana nufin kwamishina da aiwatar da '''Tsarin IT'''. Tsarin IT yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauƙaƙe ingantaccen gudanar da bayanai, inganta hanyoyin sadarwa, da tallafawa hanyoyin ƙungiyoyi a duk faɗin masana'antu daban-daban. Ayyukan IT masu nasara suna buƙatar tsarawa sosai da ci gaba da kulawa don tabbatar da aiki mafi kyau da daidaitawa tare da manufofin ƙungiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hindarto |first=Djarot |date=2023-08-30 |title=The Management of Projects is Improved Through Enterprise Architecture on Project Management Application Systems |url=https://journal.lembagakita.org/index.php/ijsecs/article/view/1512 |journal=International Journal Software Engineering and Computer Science (IJSECS) |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=151–161 |doi=10.35870/ijsecs.v3i2.1512 |issn=2776-3242 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake mutane suna adanawa, dawo da su, sarrafawa, nazarin su da kuma sadarwa bayanai tun lokacin da aka kirkiro tsarin rubuce-rubuce na farko,<ref name="Butler">{{citation |last=Butler |first=Jeremy G. |title=A History of Information Technology and Systems |url=http://www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/ITHistoryOutline.htm |publisher=University of Arizona |access-date=2 August 2012 |archive-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805042711/http://www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/ITHistoryOutline.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> kalmar ''fasahar bayanai'' a cikin ma'anar zamani ta fara bayyana a cikin wata kasida ta 1958 da aka buga a cikin ''Harvard Business Review''; marubutan Harold J. Leavitt da Thomas L. Whisler sun yi sharhi cewa "sabuwar fasahar ba ta da sunan da aka kafa ba. Za mu kira ta nau'o'i uku: dabarun sarrafawa, aikace-aikacen hanyoyin lissafi da lissafi don yin shawara na kwamfuta, da lissafi zuwa ga yanke shawara-tsaro.<ref name="LeavittWhisler">{{citation |title=Management in the 1980s |url=http://hbr.org/1958/11/management-in-the-1980s |last1=Leavitt |first1=Harold J. |last2=Whisler |first2=Thomas L. |journal=Harvard Business Review |year=1958 |volume=11}}.</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Z3_Deutsches_Museum.JPG|thumb|Zuse Z3 replica a nuna a Deutsches Museum a [[München|Munich]]. Zuse Z3 shine kwamfuta ta farko da za'a iya tsarawa.]] [[Fayil:NAMA_Machine_d'Anticythère_2.jpg|thumb|Wannan shine tsarin Antikythera, wanda ake la'akari da kwamfutar analog ta farko, wanda ya samo asali ne daga karni na farko BC.]] Dangane da fasahar adanawa da sarrafawa da aka yi amfani da ita, yana yiwuwa a rarrabe matakai huɗu daban-daban na ci gaban IT: pre-mechanical (3000 BC - 1450 AD),na inji (1450 - 1840), electromechanical (1840 - 1940), da lantarki (1940 zuwa yanzu).<ref name="LeavittWhisler" /> Tun a shekarun 1950 ne aka fara ambaton ra’ayoyin kimiyyar kwamfuta a karkashin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) da Jami’ar Harvard, inda suka tattauna kuma suka fara tunanin da’irorin kwamfuta da lissafin lambobi. Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba, fannin fasahar sadarwa da kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa ya zama mai rikitarwa kuma ya sami damar sarrafa karin bayanai. An fara buga kasidu na ilimi daga kungiyoyi daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Slotten|first=Hugh Richard|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199766666.001.0001|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology|date=2014-01-01|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199766666.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-976666-6}}</ref> A lokacin aikin kwamfuta na farko, Alan Turing, J. Presper Eckert, da John Mauchly an dauke su wasu manyan majagaba na fasahar kwamfuta a tsakiyar shekarun 1900. Ba su irin wannan yabo don ci gaban su, yawancin ƙoƙarinsu sun fi mayar da hankali kan zayyana kwamfutar dijital ta farko. Tare da wannan, an fara kawo batutuwa irin su basirar wucin gadi yayin da Turing ya fara tambayar irin wannan fasaha na lokacin.<ref>Henderson, H. (2017). computer science. In H. Henderson, ''Facts on File science library: Encyclopedia of computer science and technology''. (3rd ed.). [Online]. New York: Facts On File.</ref> An yi amfani da na'urori don taimakawa ƙididdiga tsawon dubban shekaru, mai yiwuwa da farko a cikin nau'i mai tsayi.<ref name="Schmandt-Besserat">{{citation |last=Schmandt-Besserat |first=Denise |title=Decipherment of the earliest tablets |journal=Science |year=1981 |volume=211 |issue=4479 |pages=283–285 |doi=10.1126/science.211.4479.283 |pmid=17748027 |bibcode=1981Sci...211..283S | issn = 0036-8075 }}.</ref> Tsarin Antikythera, wanda ya samo asali tun kusan farkon ƙarni na farko BC, ana ɗaukarsa gabaɗaya a matsayin farkon sanannen kwamfyuta analog ɗin injina, da kuma farkon sanannen kayan aiki. Na'urori masu kwatankwacinsu ba su fito ba a Turai sai karni na 16, kuma sai a shekara ta 1645 aka samar da na'urar lissafi na farko da ke da ikon aiwatar da muhimman ayyukan lissafi guda hudu. Kwamfutocin lantarki, ta amfani da ko dai relays ko bawul, sun fara bayyana a farkon shekarun 1940. Zuse Z3 na lantarki da aka kammala a shekarar 1941, ita ce kwamfuta ta farko da za a iya tsarawa a duniya, kuma bisa tsarin zamani na daya daga cikin na’urori na farko da za a iya la’akari da su a matsayin cikakkiyar na’ura. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Colossus ya ƙirƙiro na'urar kwamfuta ta farko ta dijital don warware saƙon Jamusanci. Ko da yake yana da shirye-shirye, ba manufa ta gaba ɗaya ba ce, an tsara shi don yin aiki ɗaya kawai. Har ila yau, ba ta da ikon adana shirinta a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya; An gudanar da shirye-shirye ta hanyar amfani da matosai da maɓalli don canza wayoyi na ciki. Na farko da aka gane komfuta na zamani na dijital da aka adana-tsarin kwamfuta ita ce Manchester Baby, wacce ta fara shirinta na farko a ranar 21 ga Yuni 1948.<ref name="Enticknap">{{citation |last=Enticknap |first=Nicholas |title=Computing's Golden Jubilee |journal=Resurrection |issue=20 |date=Summer 1998 |url=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res20.htm#d |issn=0958-7403 |access-date=19 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109142655/http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res20.htm#d |archive-date=9 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Haɓaka transistor a ƙarshen 1940s a Bell Laboratories ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar sabbin kwamfutoci tare da rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki. Kwamfutar shirin da aka tanada ta kasuwanci ta farko, Ferranti Mark I, tana ɗauke da bawuloli 4050 kuma tana da ƙarfin ƙarfin kilowatts 25. Idan aka kwatanta, kwamfuta ta farko da ta fara canzawa a Jami'ar Manchester kuma ta fara aiki a watan Nuwamba 1953, ta cinye watts 150 kawai a sigar ta ta ƙarshe.<ref>{{citation |doi=10.1049/esej:19980301 |last=Cooke-Yarborough |first=E. H. |title=Some early transistor applications in the UK |journal= Engineering Science & Education Journal|volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=100–106 |date=June 1998 |doi-broken-date=7 December 2024 |issn=0963-7346}}.</ref> Wasu ci gaba da yawa a cikin fasahar semiconductor sun haɗa da haɗaɗɗen da'ira (IC) wanda Jack Kilby ya ƙirƙira a Texas Instruments da Robert Noyce a Fairchild Semiconductor a 1959, Silicon dioxide surface passivation by Carl Frosch da Lincoln Derick a 1955,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frosch |first1=C. J. |last2=Derick |first2=L |date=1957 |title=Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2428650 |journal=Journal of the Electrochemical Society |language=en |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=547 |doi=10.1149/1.2428650}}</ref> na farko planar silicon transistors ta Frosch da 57 Derick da Bells ƙungiyar,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=KAHNG |first=D. |date=1961 |title=Silicon-Silicon Dioxide Surface Device |url=https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814503464_0076 |journal=Technical Memorandum of Bell Laboratories |pages=583–596 |doi=10.1142/9789814503464_0076 |isbn=978-981-02-0209-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lojek |first=Bo |title=History of Semiconductor Engineering |date=2007 |publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-34258-8 |location=Berlin, Heidelberg |page=321}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ligenza |first1=J.R. |last2=Spitzer |first2=W.G. |date=1960 |title=The mechanisms for silicon oxidation in steam and oxygen |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022369760902195 |journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids |language=en |volume=14 |pages=131–136 |bibcode=1960JPCS...14..131L |doi=10.1016/0022-3697(60)90219-5}}</ref><ref name="Lojek1202">{{cite book |last1=Lojek |first1=Bo |title=History of Semiconductor Engineering |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9783540342588 |page=120}}</ref> tsarin tsari na Jean Hoerni a cikin 1959,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lojek |first1=Bo |title=History of Semiconductor Engineering |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9783540342588 |pages=120 & 321–323}}</ref><ref name="Bassett46">{{cite book |last1=Bassett |first1=Ross Knox |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUbB3d2UnaAC&pg=PA46 |title=To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology |date=2007 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |isbn=9780801886393 |page=46}}</ref> da microprocessor da Ted Hoff, Federico Faggin, Masatoshi Shima, da Stanley Mazor suka ƙirƙira a Intel a cikin 1971. Waɗannan mahimman abubuwan ƙirƙira sun haifar da haɓakar bayanan sirri da PC9 (1) fasahar sadarwa (ICT).<ref>{{cite web |title=Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/advanced-physicsprize2000.pdf |website=[[Nobel Prize]] |date=June 2018 |access-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817152100/https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/advanced-physicsprize2000.pdf |archive-date=August 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabbin sabbin fasahohi sun riga sun canza duniya a karni na ashirin da daya yayin da mutane suka sami damar yin amfani da sabis na kan layi daban-daban.<ref>Information technology. (2003). In E.D. Reilly, A. Ralston & D. Hemmendinger (Eds.), ''Encyclopedia of computer science''. (4th ed.).</ref> Wannan ya canza ma'aikata sosai yayin da kashi talatin cikin dari na ma'aikatan Amurka sun riga sun shiga cikin wannan sana'a. Mutane miliyan 136.9 ke da alaƙa da Intanet da kansu, wanda yayi daidai da gidaje miliyan 51.<ref name=":0">Stewart, C.M. (2018). Computers. In S. Bronner (Ed.), ''Encyclopedia of American studies''. [Online]. Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref> Tare da Intanet, an kuma ƙaddamar da sabbin nau'ikan fasaha a duk faɗin duniya, wanda ya inganta inganci kuma ya sauƙaƙa abubuwa a duk faɗin duniya. Ba a kai kadai ba, kwamfutoci da fasaha ma sun kawo sauyi a harkar tallace-tallace, wanda ya haifar da karin masu siyan kayayyakinsu. A cikin 2002, Amurkawa sun haura dala biliyan 28 a cikin kayayyaki kawai akan Intanet kadai yayin da kasuwancin e-commerce bayan shekaru goma ya haifar da tallace-tallace dala biliyan 289.<ref name=":0" /> Kuma yayin da kwamfutoci ke ci gaba da haɓaka cikin sauri a rana, ana ƙara amfani da su yayin da mutane ke ƙara dogaro da su a cikin ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya. == Sarrafa bayanai == === Ma'ajiya === [[File:Large 1984 0535 0001.jpg|thumb|Ferranti Mark I computer logic board]] [[File:PaperTapes-5and8Hole.jpg|right|upright=1.35|thumb|Punched tapes were used in early computers to store and represent data (computing)|data.]] Kwamfutoci na farko na lantarki irin su Colossus sun yi amfani da tef mai naushi, doguwar takarda wadda aka wakilta bayanai da ramuka daban-daban, fasahar da yanzu ta daina aiki. Adana bayanan lantarki, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin kwamfutoci na zamani, tun daga yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da aka samar da wani nau'i na ƙwaƙwalwar jinkiri don kawar da ƙugiya daga siginar radar, aikace-aikacen farko da aka yi amfani da shi shine layin jinkirin mercury. Na'urar ma'ajiyar dijital ta farko da za a iya shiga bazuwar ita ce bututun Williams, wanda ya dogara da daidaitaccen bututun ray na cathode.<ref name="Resurrection">{{citation |title=Early computers at Manchester University |journal=Resurrection |volume=1 |issue=4 |date=Summer 1992 |url=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res04.htm#g |issn=0958-7403 |access-date=19 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828010743/http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res04.htm#g |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Duk da haka, bayanan da aka adana a cikinsa da ƙwaƙwalwar jinkirin layin sun kasance marasa ƙarfi a cikin gaskiyar cewa dole ne a ci gaba da wartsakewa, don haka ya ɓace da zarar an cire wuta. Farkon nau'i na ma'ajiyar kwamfuta mara maras tabbas ita ce gangunan maganadisu, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1932<ref name="MagDrum">{{citation |url=http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=222 |title=Magnetic drum |work=Virtual Exhibitions in Informatics |editor=Universität Klagenfurt |access-date=21 August 2011 |archive-date=21 June 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060621130619/http://cs-exhibitions.uni-klu.ac.at/index.php?id=222 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> kuma aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Ferranti Mark 1, kwamfuta ta lantarki ta farko ta kasuwanci ta farko a duniya.<ref name="Digital60MM1">{{citation |title=The Manchester Mark 1 |url=http://www.digital60.org/birth/manchestercomputers/mark1/manchester.html |publisher=University of Manchester |access-date=24 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112547/http://www.digital60.org/birth/manchestercomputers/mark1/manchester.html |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all }}.</ref> Kungiyar IBM ta gabatar da na’urar Hard Disk ta farko a shekarar 1956, a matsayin wani bangare na tsarin kwamfutarsu na RAMAC guda 305.<ref>{{citation |last=Khurshudov |first=Andrei |title=The Essential Guide to Computer Data Storage: From Floppy to DVD |year=2001 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-130-92739-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00andr }}.</ref>: 6  Yawancin bayanai na dijital a yau har yanzu ana adana su ta hanyar magnetically a kan rumbun kwamfyuta, ko kuma ta hanyar sadarwa kamar CD-ROM.<ref>{{citation |last1=Wang |first1=Shan X. |last2=Taratorin |first2=Aleksandr Markovich |title=Magnetic Information Storage Technology |year=1999 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-734570-3}}.</ref> Ya zuwa 2007, kusan kashi 94% na bayanan da aka adana a duk duniya ana yin su ta hanyar lambobi:<ref name="USCNews">{{citation |last=Wu |first=Suzanne |title=How Much Information Is There in the World? |url=http://news.usc.edu/#!/article/29360/How-Much-Information-Is-There-in-the-World |work=USC News |publisher=University of Southern California |access-date=10 September 2013}}.</ref> 52% akan rumbun kwamfyuta, 28% akan na'urorin gani, da 11% akan tef ɗin maganadisu na dijital. An kiyasta cewa ikon adana bayanai akan na'urorin lantarki a duniya ya karu daga kasa da 3 exabyte a 1986 zuwa 295 exabyte a 2007,<ref name="HilbertLopez2011">{{citation |last1=Hilbert |first1=Martin |last2=López |first2=Priscila |title=The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information |date=1 April 2011 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=332 |issue=6025 |pages=60–65 |doi=10.1126/science.1200970 |pmid=21310967|bibcode=2011Sci...332...60H |s2cid=206531385 |doi-access=free }}.</ref> yana ninka kusan kowane shekaru 3.<ref name="Hilbertvideo2011">{{cite news |url=http://ideas.economist.com/video/giant-sifting-sound-0 |title=Americas events – Video animation on The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information from 1986 to 2010 |newspaper=The Economist |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118072720/http://ideas.economist.com/video/giant-sifting-sound-0 |archive-date=18 January 2012 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> === Databases === Tsarin Gudanar da Bayanai (DMS) ya fito a cikin 1960s don magance matsalar adanawa da dawo da adadi mai yawa na bayanai daidai da sauri. Farkon irin wannan tsarin shine IBM's Information Management System (IMS), wanda har yanzu ana tura shi sama da shekaru 50 bayan haka.<ref name="IMS">{{citation |last=Olofson |first=Carl W. |title=A Platform for Enterprise Data Services |date=October 2009 |publisher=[[International Data Corporation|IDC]] |url=http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/data/sw-library/ims/idc-power-of-ims.pdf |access-date=7 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225123755/http://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/data/sw-library/ims/idc-power-of-ims.pdf |archive-date=25 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}.</ref> IMS tana adana bayanai bisa tsari, amma a cikin 1970s Ted Codd ya ba da shawarar madadin ma'ajiyar alaƙa dangane da saita ka'idar da tsinkayar dabaru da sanannun dabarun tebur, layuka, da ginshiƙai. A cikin 1981, Oracle ya fito da tsarin kula da bayanai na farko na kasuwanci (RDBMS). Duk DMS sun ƙunshi sassa; suna ba da damar samun damar bayanan da suke adanawa a lokaci guda ta hanyar masu amfani da yawa yayin da suke kiyaye amincin su. Dukkanin ma’ajin bayanai sun zama ruwan dare a lokaci daya cewa tsarin bayanan da suke dauke da su ana fayyace su da kuma adana su daban daga bayanan da kansu, a cikin tsarin tsarin bayanai.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BcOUCgAAQBAJ |title=Database System Concepts |last=Silberschatz |first=Abraham |date=2010 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Higher Education |isbn=978-0-07-741800-7 |language=en}}.</ref> === Watsawa === [[File:IBM card storage.NARA.jpg|thumb|IBM card storage warehouse located in Alexandria, Virginia in 1959. This is where the government kept storage of punched cards.]] Wayar da bayanai tana da abubuwa guda uku: watsawa, yadawa, da liyafar. Ana iya rarraba shi gabaɗaya azaman watsa shirye-shirye, inda ake watsa bayanai ba tare da kai tsaye ba, ko kuma sadarwa, tare da tashoshi na sama da na ƙasa. XML yana ƙara yin aiki azaman hanyar musayar bayanai tun farkon shekarun 2000, musamman don hulɗar da ta dace da na'ura kamar waɗanda ke cikin ka'idojin tushen yanar gizo irin su SOAP, yana bayyana "bayanai-in-shigar fiye da ... data-da-huta". === Yin magudi === Hilbert da Lopez sun gano saurin sauyin fasaha (wani nau'in dokar Moore): ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin aikace-aikacen inji don ƙididdige bayanan kowane mutum ya ninka kusan sau biyu kowane watanni 14 tsakanin 1986 da 2007; karfin kowane mutum na kwamfutocin duniya gabaɗaya ya ninka kowane watanni 18 a cikin shekaru ashirin ɗin; karfin sadarwar duniya kan kowane mutum ya ninka sau biyu kowane watanni 34; Ƙarfin ajiya na duniya ga kowane mutum yana buƙatar kusan watanni 40 don ninka (kowace shekara 3); kuma bayanan watsa shirye-shiryen kowane mutum ya ninka sau biyu a kowace shekara 12.3. == Ayyuka == === Imel === Fasaha da sabis na IT suna bayarwa don aikawa da karɓar saƙonnin lantarki (wanda ake kira "haruffa" ko "wasiƙun lantarki") akan hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta da aka rarraba (ciki har da duniya). A cikin sharuddan da abun da ke ciki na abubuwa da ka'idar aiki, lantarki mail kusan maimaita tsarin na yau da kullum (takarda) mail, aro biyu sharuddan (mail, wasika, ambulaf, abin da aka makala, akwatin, bayarwa, da sauransu) da kuma halaye fasali - sauƙi na amfani, saƙon watsa jinkiri, isa AMINCI kuma a lokaci guda babu garantin bayarwa. Fa'idodin i-mel sune: adiresoshin da mutum zai iya fahimta da kuma tunawa da su cikin sauƙi user_name@domain_name (misali, somebody@example.com); da ikon canja wurin duka a sarari rubutu da tsara, kazalika da sabani fayiloli; 'yancin kai na sabobin (a cikin yanayin gaba ɗaya, suna magana da juna kai tsaye); isasshe babban amincin isar da saƙo; sauƙin amfani da mutane da shirye-shirye. Abubuwan da ke cikin imel ɗin sun haɗa da: kasancewar irin wannan al'amari kamar spam (talla mai yawa da saƙon hoto na hoto); rashin yiwuwar isar da garanti na takamaiman wasiƙa; yiwuwar jinkirin isar da saƙo (har zuwa kwanaki da yawa); iyaka akan girman saƙo ɗaya da kuma kan jimillar girman saƙonni a cikin akwatin saƙo (na sirri na masu amfani). === Tsarin bincike === A search system is software and hardware complex with a web interface that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet. A search engine usually means a site that hosts the interface (front-end) of the system. The software part of a search engine is a search engine (search engine) — a set of programs that provides the functionality of a search engine and is usually a trade secret of the search engine developer company. Most search engines look for information on World Wide Web sites, but there are also systems that can look for files on FTP servers, items in online stores, and information on Usenet newsgroups. Improving search is one of the priorities of the modern Internet (see the Deep Web article about the main problems in the work of search engines). == Manazarta == <references group="lower-alpha" /> ma39tbcf6iw3h6peuzx4dinl64ehusu Eiji Akaso 0 96027 891320 884131 2026-08-04T12:16:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891320 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Eiji Akaso ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma an hai fe shi a kasar [[Japan]], wanda aka sani da wasa Ryuga Banjou a ''[[Kamen Rider Build|Ginin Kamen Rider]]'' Build . Tristone Entertainment ce ke wakiltar shi. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Saboda aikin mahaifinsa, Eiji ya zauna a [[Wisconsin]] (Amurka) yana da shekaru daya zuwa hudu. Mahaifinsa ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison. Ya kasance farfesa ne a Kwalejin Nazarin Ƙasashen Waje (Sashen Harsuna) a Jami'ar Nagoya Gakuin, kuma ya zama shugaban Jami'ar Gakuin a watan Afrilun na shekarar 2020. Mahaifiyarsa malamar piano ce. Yaron Eiji, wanda ya girme shi da shekaru hudu, yana karatun samar da fina-finai a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Osaka. Iyayensa masu ilimi da fasaha sun rinjaye shi sosai. Ya fara buga piano yana da shekaru uku har zuwa makarantar sakandare ta Junior. Ya kuma kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Toho, makarantar masu zaman kansu, a Nagoya. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Eiji ya fi dacewa da Turanci a wannan jami'a, amma daga baya ya fita ya koma [[Tokyo]]. Sha'awarsa ta zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ta taso ne a makarantar sakandare kuma al'adar iyalinsa na yin fim din dare sau ɗaya a wata ya rinjaye shi. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 19 ko 20, ya tafi Tokyo kuma ya yi gwaji na shekara guda. Abin da ya haifar da Eiji ya fice daga jami'a kuma ya shiga duniyar nishaɗi shine kiran daga Shugaba na hukumar sa ta yanzu a cikin shekarar 2014. A wannan lokacin, har yanzu yana jami'a kuma dole ne ya yanke shawara ko dai don farawa a lokacin ko bayan kammala karatunsa yana da shekaru 23. Ya yanke shawara "yanzu ko ba a taɓa" kuma ya bar jami'a don shiga Tristone Entertainment. == Ayyuka == Eiji yana da alaƙa da ofishin samfurin Nagoya "FORM JAPAN" lokacin da yake matashi. Ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin abin koyi da baiwa a ƙarƙashin sunan Mamoru Akaso . <ref name="form">{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛 |url=http://www.form-japan.com/akaso-mamoru.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710012815/http://www.form-japan.com/akaso-mamoru.html |archive-date=2013-07-10 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |publisher=Form Japan |language=ja}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya shiga ƙungiyar gumaka ta gida "BOYS AND MEN" a Nagoya, yana aiki a kan wasan kwaikwayo na mataki da bayyanar yau da kullun na wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 Mar 2011 |title=スタッフより出演情報 |url=http://ameblo.jp/boysandmen/entry-10834505076.html |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |website=Boys and Men official blog |language=ja}}</ref>{{Efn|From the latter half of 2011, he said that he was "on holiday" on the official website,<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304024408/http://ndp.bz/ikemen/member.html|title=BOYS AND MEN メンバー|work=Boys and Men Official Site|language=ja|url=http://ndp.bz/ikemen/member.html|archivedate=2012-03-04|accessdate=2 Aug 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> and later withdrew. There was no official announcement on his withdrawal.}} An ce Eiji ya bar BOYS AND MEN a cikin 2011. Da farko, ya shiga hukumar nishaɗi saboda yana so ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ba gunkin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=人気は世界規模！？『チェリまほ』赤楚衛二の示す"人たらし力"（FRIDAY） |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/26a4ed945e2f44850c725dc36cb9fc67ec173ab0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224051443/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/26a4ed945e2f44850c725dc36cb9fc67ec173ab0 |archive-date=24 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-26 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> Eiji ya lashe Grand Prix a sauraron samfurin maza na Samantha Thavasa a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda ya zama lokacin juyawa a gare shi zuwa sauraro a Tokyo yana da shekaru 19. <ref name="kuroko">{{Cite web |title=CAST > 桜井良 役 赤楚衛二 |url=http://www.kurobas-stage.com/UserPage/Detail/5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822063334/http://www.kurobas-stage.com/UserPage/Detail/5 |archive-date=2016-08-22 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |website=Stage 'Kuroko's Basketball' official site |language=ja}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=サマンサタバサ メンズモデルオーディション 初代キング of キング決定! |url=http://www.samantha.co.jp/special/2013/olma_mens/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093825/http://www.samantha.co.jp/special/2013/olma_mens/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |publisher=[[Samantha Thavasa|Samantha Thavasa Japan Limited]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=クランクイン！ - エンタメの「今」がわかる 映画＆エンタメニュース |url=https://www.crank-in.net/interview/83444/1 |access-date=2020-12-26 |website=クランクイン！- エンタメの「今」がわかる 映画＆エンタメニュースサイト |language=ja}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ya koma kamfanin sa na yanzu Tristone Entertainment, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma yana fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin da fina-finai a cikin sunansa na yanzu. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Chorus na makarantar sakandare'' |Sho Ishikawa | | |- |''AKB Horror Night: Adrenalin no Yoru'' | |Kashi na 16 | |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''Kada ka bari ni tafi'' | |Kashi na 2 | |- |''Littafin Jagoran Mata na Tokyo'' |Kōhei | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=水川あさみ主演「東京女子図鑑」の身につまされる男性遍歴 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0089799 |access-date=September 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Watashi ni Unmei no Koi nante arienai tte Omotteta'' | |Fim din talabijin | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Ƙaunar Frankenstein'' | |Kashi na 1 | |- |''Samurai Gourmet'' |[Mai wasan kwaikwayo] |Kashi na 5 | |- |''Kamen Rider Amazons'' |Hiroki Nagase |Lokaci na 2 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Jul 2017 |title=仮面ライダーアマゾンズ シーズン2 Episode2 ORPHANS |url=http://www.toei.co.jp/tv/amazons2/story/1209510_2716.html |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |publisher=Toei (TV) |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2017–18 |''Ginin Kamen Rider'' |Ryuga Banjo / [[Jegare|Kamen Rider Cross-Z]] |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 Aug 2017 |title=新番組「仮面ライダービルド」ジュノンボーイ犬飼貴丈やアマゾンズ赤楚衛二が出演 |url=http://natalie.mu/eiga/news/243220 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |website=Eiga Natalie |publisher=Natasha Corporation |language=ja |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130155050/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/243220 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2018 |''Mai hawan Kamen Zi-O'' |Ryuga Banjo / [[Jegare|Kamen Rider Cross-Z]] |Abubuwa 1-2 | |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''Rashin laifi, Yaki da Laifuka na Ƙarya'' |Tokudori Isawa | | |- |''Matar Mijina'' |Hideaki Matsuda | | |- |''Hey Sensei, Shin ba ku sani ba?'' |Riichi Kido |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="natalie 2019-11-03">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-03 |title=馬場ふみか×赤楚衛二がドラマW主演、人気マンガ家とカリスマ美容師のカップルに |trans-title=Fumika Baba and Eiji Akaso co-star in drama as a couple involving a popular manga artist and a charismatic beautician |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/353825 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810082347/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/353825 |archive-date=August 10, 2020 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2020 |''Ka cire hannunka daga Eizouken!'' |Kobayashi | | |- |''Mai son abinci mai suna Goro Akechi'' |Nonaka |Kashi na 3 | |- |''Mai bincike Yuri Rintaro'' |Shota Satsuki |Kashi na 2 | |- |''Cherry Magic! Shekaru talatin na Budurwa Zai Iya Sa Ka Mai Magunguna?!'' |Kiyoshi Adachi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2020 |title=Eiji Akaso & Keita Machida berperan dalam Drama TV Tokyo "30sai made Dotei dato Mahotsukai ni Narerurashii" |url=https://www.gwigwi.com/eiji-akaso-keita-machida-berperan-dalam-drama-tv-tokyo-30sai-made-dotei-dato-mahotsukai-ni-narerurashii-84786/ |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Kurisu |publisher=Gwigwi.com |language=id}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Yanayin Cold Season 3'' |Yōsuke Hirayama |Kashi na 6 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2021 |title=『コールドケース3』第6話予告映像解禁 山口紗弥加、久保田紗友、赤楚衛二がゲスト |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2181689/full/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- |''Ranar da 'Yata'' |Yuto | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二が「ウチカレ」でバンドマン役、浜辺美波と再会 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/413575 |access-date=September 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com |language=ja |archive-date=September 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930081350/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/413575 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Mai arziki'' |Yu Haruno | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=江口のりこ:「SUPER RICH」撮了「楽しいことしかなかった」 赤楚衛二「僕にとっての"スーパーリッチ"は皆さんと出会えたこと」 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20211223dog00m200004000c.html |access-date=March 5, 2022 |website=Mantan-web |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Hiru'' |Yūki Shinomiya |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二と坂口健太郎主演「ヒル」に吉川愛、飯豊まりえ、柳俊太郎、板垣瑞生ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |access-date=November 26, 2021 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=May 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503131450/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/455044 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Ishiko da Haneo: Kuna tuhumar Ni?'' |Ao Ōba | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二、有村架純×中村倫也『石子と羽男』出演決定「めちゃくちゃうれしかったです」 |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2022/06/post-1043718.html |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=Real Sound |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2022–23 |''Maiagare!'' |Takashi Umezu |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二＆乃木坂46山下美月、福原遥の幼なじみ役で朝ドラ初出演決定 「舞いあがれ！」新たな出演者発表 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/3102567 |access-date=April 12, 2022 |website=Model Press |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2023 |''Kazama Kimichika: Kyojo Zero'' |Junji Urihara | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二、木村拓哉のバディ役に緊張…「風間公親－教場0－」で心優しき新人を演じる |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/515616 |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=March 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308102051/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/515616 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Jirgin kasa mai jiran'' |Yūto Shirahama | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山田裕貴・赤楚衛二・上白石萌歌ら「ペンディングトレイン」ポスタービジュアル解禁　3人の関係性が気になるサブビジュアルも |url=https://mdpr.jp/drama/detail/3655848 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |website=Model Press |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Juya zuwa gare Ni Mukai-kun'' |Satoru Mukai |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二がGP帯の連ドラ初主演、ねむようこ「こっち向いてよ向井くん」実写化 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/523616 |access-date=December 2, 2023 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202091240/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/523616 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2025 |''Mai bincike na gado'' |Nao Haie |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二主演「相続探偵」2025年1月スタート！西荻弓絵が手がける“遺産相続をめぐる痛快ヒューマンミステリー” |url=https://www.ntv.co.jp/souzokutantei/articles/4492t9j5hci7xz9ac285.html |access-date=March 2, 2025 |website=Nippon Television}}</ref> |- |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Babu Jarumi Mai Tsawo'' | | |<ref name="kuroko"/> |- |''Tsūgaku Series: Tsūgaki Densha/Tsūgaku Tochū'' |Kyosuke | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二 のプロフィール |url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_p.php?num_p=952832 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |publisher=allcinema |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Ka yi farin ciki!'' | | | |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Ƙaunar da ta fi kusa da Sama'' | | | |- |''Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Final: Build &amp;amp; Ex-Aid tare da Legend Rider'' |Ryuga Banjo / Kamen Rider Cross-Z | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=仮面ライダー平成ジェネレーションズFINAL ビルド＆エグゼイドwithレジェンドライダー |url=https://eiga.com/movie/87653/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Kamen Rider Gina fim: Kasancewa Ɗaya'' |Ryuga Banjo / Kamen Rider Cross-Z | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=劇場版 仮面ライダービルド Be The One |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88431/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Kamen Rider Heisei Generations Forever'' |Ryuga Banjo / Kamen Rider Cross-Z | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=平成仮面ライダー20作記念 仮面ライダー平成ジェネレーションズ FOREVER |url=https://eiga.com/movie/88434/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Ka so ni, Ka so ni Ba'' |Kazuomi Inui |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=浜辺美波、北村匠海、福本莉子、赤楚衛二が共演「思い、思われ、ふり、ふられ」映画化 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/328970 |access-date=April 23, 2019 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422233415/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/328970 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Ka so ni, Ka so ni Ba: The Animation'' |Ɗalibi (murya) |Cameo |<ref>{{Cite web |title=浜辺美波＆北村匠海らが声優としてアニメ版にカメオ出演！『ふりふら』 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2020/08/26/68659.html |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=Cinema Cafe |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Ka cire hannunka daga Eizouken!'' |Kobayashi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=浜辺美波、板垣瑞生、桜田ひより、赤楚衛二…注目の若手俳優4人が実写版『映像研』に参戦！ |url=https://movie.walkerplus.com/news/article/227033/ |access-date=March 16, 2020 |website=Movie Walker |language=ja |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130080031/https://movie.walkerplus.com/news/article/227033/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2021 |''Babban Yakin Yokai: Masu Tsaro'' |Amanojaku | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二とSUMIRE「妖怪大戦争」でピュア＆武闘派な鬼になる |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/416304 |access-date=February 15, 2021 |website=Natalie |language=ja |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405103722/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/416304 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Runoff na Lahadi'' |Yūki Iwabuchi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二、窪田正孝と宮沢りえの"秘書軍団"に！『決戦は日曜日』で「てんやわんやな選挙活動」 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2021/06/01/73101.html |access-date=June 1, 2021 |website=Cinema Cafe |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Cherry Magic! fim din'' |Kiyoshi Adachi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二「僕の宝物」町田啓太と演じるピュアカップル再び…！「チェリまほ」映画化決定 |url=https://www.tvlife.jp/movie/432958 |access-date=November 29, 2021 |website=TV Life |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Zom 100: Bucket Jerin Matattu'' |Akira Tendo |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2022 |title=麻生羽呂×高田康太郎「ゾン100」Netflixで映画化、赤楚衛二主演で2023年に全世界配信 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/480677 |access-date=June 8, 2022 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608082301/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/480677 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Me ya ce idan Tokugawa Ieyasu ya zama Firayim Minista?'' |Sakamoto Ryōma | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=浜辺美波主演で「もしも徳川家康が総理大臣になったら」映画化！ 赤楚衛二が坂本龍馬、野村萬斎が徳川家康 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20231127/3/ |access-date=November 27, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''6 Daliban Jami'ar Yin ƙarya'' |Shogo Hatano | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=浜辺美波と赤楚衛二「六人の嘘つきな大学生」出演、リクルートスーツ姿のビジュアル解禁 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/563087 |access-date=March 1, 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=February 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229234145/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/563087 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2025 |''Kwanaki 366'' |Minato Makiya |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二主演、HYの名曲「366日」映画化 純愛ラブストーリーのヒロインは上白石萌歌【コメントあり】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2341274/full/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=Oricon}}</ref> |- |} === Mataki === {| class="wikitable" !Shekaru !Taken !Matsayi !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2010–11 |''Gudanar da Kai!'' | |<ref name="form"/> |- |2013 |''Asu'' |Abin kunya |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Aug 2013 |title=加藤沙耶香がラブシーンに挑戦! アクトステージ第4弾公演 舞台「ASU」が8月8日より上演! |url=http://www.girlsnews.tv/actress/93609 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |website=GirlsNews |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Kwallon kwando na Kuroko'' |Ryo Sakurai |<ref name="kuroko"/> |- |''Roshutsukurū'' | | |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekaru !Taken !Mai zane !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2019 |Masquerade |SHE'S |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHE'S - Masquerade【MV】 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScThq5W0TYo&feature=youtu.be |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |- |2019 |Wasika |SHE'S |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHE'S - Letter【MV】 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vD42ZRdVvpg&feature=youtu.be |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |- |2019 |Waƙoƙin Ku |SHE'S |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHE'S - Your Song 【MV】 - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZFzThrqfQE&feature=youtu.be |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> |- |} === Wasanni na rediyo === {| class="wikitable" !Ranar !Taken !Matsayi !Cibiyar sadarwa !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |Fabrairu 2017 |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Asabar ''Binanshi Gekijō'' "Ma no tsubuyaki" |Ryo Okada |JFN |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Feb 2017 |title=サタデードラマハウス - JFN PARK |url=https://park.gsj.mobi/news/show/31297 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802210100/https://park.gsj.mobi/news/show/31297 |archive-date=2 August 2017 |access-date=2 Aug 2017 |publisher=Japan FM Network |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} === Misali === {| class="wikitable" !Shekaru !Taken !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2010 |Imuraya Kayan kwalliya "Nikuman Anman" |Misali na talla |<ref name="form"/> |- |2011 |Aoki |Misali na talla |<ref name="form" /> |- |2013–&#x2D; |Samantha Thavasa |Misali na maza | |- |2020 |KANGOL REWARD |Haɗin gwiwa x AM |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二 × KANGOL REWARD Collaboration - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBMNzGVTtCI |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二×KANGOL REWARDコラボ トレーナー |url=https://kangolreward.jp/SHOP/KR20CLB031.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=kangolreward.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二×KANGOL REWARD コラボパーカー |url=https://kangolreward.jp/SHOP/KR19CLB064.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=kangolreward.jp}}</ref> |- |2021 |Tarin Bayani na Bayani na 2021 |Misali na talla | |- |2021 |Disney Pixar 'Toy Story' x Yohji Yamamoto Ground Y |Misali na talla |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Yohji Yamamoto Ground Y's Latest Capsule Utilizes "Unfinished" 'Toy Story' Sketches |url=https://hypebeast.com/2021/1/disney-pixar-toy-story-yohji-yamamoto-ground-y-collaboration |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=HYPEBEAST}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ground Yのディズニー＆ピクサー映画『トイ・ストーリー』コートやスウェット、フーディーなど |url=https://www.fashion-press.net/news/68849 |access-date=2021-01-16 |website=www.fashion-press.net |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |2021 |Bikin Asusun WEIBO a Tokyo 2020 |Shahararren Actor (Hot Topic Actor) |Cherry Magic|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=赤楚衛二、授賞式後に中国語を披露!「役者やっていてよかった」喜びも語る |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210204-1693552/ |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=マイナビニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=「チェリまほ」赤楚衛二、"話題俳優賞"受賞に感慨 ファンからの印象深い言葉明かす＜WEIBO Account Festival in Tokyo 2020＞ - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/2424417 |access-date=2021-02-04 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2021 |Labaran Labarai na 2021 |Kyautar Labarai ta gaba |Matsayin Actor|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=赤楚衛二、2022年"やってみたい役"は？「魔法使いから妖怪まで色々やらせていただきましたが…」＜LINE NEWS AWARDS 2021＞ - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/2903108 |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-08 |title=赤楚衛二「走り抜けていきたい」！ 2022年に向け意気込み＜LINE NEWS AWARDS 2021＞ {{!}} TOKYO HEADLINE |url=https://www.tokyoheadline.com/585917/ |access-date=2021-12-09 |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2025 |Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta 48 ta Japan |Sabon Shekara |''Me ya ce idan Tokugawa Ieyasu ya zama Firayim Minista?'' da 6 Dalibai na Jami'ar ƙarya''6 Daliban Jami'ar Yin ƙarya''|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=『第48回 日本アカデミー賞』受賞者・作品発表 優秀作品賞『侍タイムスリッパー』など5作品【受賞一覧】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2364815/full/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> mkjzmr2fghfr4hyqgc3lmngmkohk5z9 Fumi Nikaido 0 96042 891462 597901 2026-08-04T20:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   Fumi Nikaidō (二階堂 ふみ, Nikaidō Fumi, an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Japan. == Ayyuka == Nikaidō ta fito a fim din Koji Yakusho mai suna Toad's Oil . Ita da Shota Sometani sun sami lambar yabo ta Marcello Mastroianni don Kyautar Matashi da Actress mafi kyau saboda aikin da suka yi a Shion Sono's ''Himizu'' a bikin fina-finai na Venice na 68 a shekarar 2011. <ref name="AJW">{{Cite web |last=Nishida |first=Kensaku |title=Japanese teenagers win young actor, actress award at Venice Film Festival |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/movies/AJ201109120057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203095248/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/movies/AJ201109120057 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |website=Asia & Japan Watch |publisher=Asahi Shimbun}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an gabatar da ita a cikin Variety a matsayin "Int'l Star Ya Kamata Ka sani" kuma bikin fina-finai na Asiya na New York ya kira ta a matsayin "International Rising Star". == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Nikaidō a Naha, Okinawa . === Taimako === A shekara ta 2015, bayan ta sami dabba, ta zama mai sha'awar jin daɗin dabbobi da kare muhalli. A cikin 2018, ta zama mai kifi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=二階堂ふみ「明るい未来につながるヒントがたくさんある」JAPANプロジェクト |url=https://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/plus/business/entry/202404/14996.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |publisher=テレ東プラス}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ta ba da gudummawa ga salon da ya dace ta hanyar ƙaddamar da rigar da aka yi daga kapok (abin da ke cikin shuka), wanda ba ya amfani da kayan da aka samo daga dabba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【二階堂ふみ×KAPOK KNOT】木の実由来のサステナブル素材「カポック」から生まれたアニマルフリーなコラボアウター |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000046.000062588.html |access-date=2024-12-26 |publisher=PR TIMES}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2009 |''Man Gishiri'' |Hikari | | |- |2011 |''Himizu'' |Keiko Chazawa |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ヒミズ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/56356/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2013 |''Me ya sa ba ka wasa a jahannama?'' |Michico | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=地獄でなぜ悪い |url=https://eiga.com/movie/77514/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''Gaisuwa'' |Sakuko |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ほとりの朔子 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/79210/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Mutumina'' |Hana Kusarino |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=私の男 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/78264/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Duniya ta Kanako'' |Nami Endo | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=渇き。 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/79051/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2015 |''Sama ta Wannan Al'umma'' |Satoko |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=この国の空 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/81191/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Kako: Na Sullkace baya'' |Kako |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ふきげんな過去 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/83602/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Wani'' |Rika | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=何者 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/83799/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Wolf Girl da Black Prince'' |Erika Shinohara |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=オオカミ少女と黒王子 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/82939/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Ka yi farin ciki!'' |Nobi Namekawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCOOP! |url=https://eiga.com/movie/83473/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=Haiyaku Jiten |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Inuyashiki'' |Shion Watanabe | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=実写映画『いぬやしき』に木梨憲武、佐藤健、本郷奏多、二階堂ふみら出演 |url=http://www.cinra.net/news/20170317-inuyashiki |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=cinra.net}}</ref> |- |''Kogin Kogin'' |Haruna Wakakusa |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=岡崎京子「リバーズ・エッジ」映画化！二階堂ふみ×吉沢亮が行定勲監督とタッグ |url=http://eiga.com/news/20170322/4/ |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''Babu Mutum na Tsawon Lokaci'' |Tomie Yamazaki | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=人間失格　太宰治と3人の女たち |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90335/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Lokacin Little Miss'' |Tomie Yamazaki |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=生理ちゃん |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90864/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Ka Yi Ni zuwa Saitama'' |Momomi Dan'noura |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="saitama" /> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Barbara ta Tezuka'' |Barbara |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ばるぼら |url=https://eiga.com/movie/90280/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Rashin igiyoyi: Rashin Ƙaunarmu'' |Toshiko Yamada | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=糸 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/91361/ |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Me za a yi da matattu Kaiju?'' |Sayoko | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山田涼介主演「大怪獣のあとしまつ」に菊地凛子、二階堂ふみ、染谷将太、松重豊が参加 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/461867 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=Natalie |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116232409/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/461867 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Fly Me zuwa Saitama: Daga Tafkin Biwa tare da Ƙauna'' |Momomi Dan'noura |Matsayin jagora |<ref name="saitama">{{Cite web |title=「翔んで埼玉II」まさかの製作決定！ GACKT「不安しかありません」＆二階堂ふみ「とても光栄」 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20210811/4/ |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Wata'' |Yōko | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=月 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99730/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Bayani mai laushi na tsaunuka'' |Sachiko | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=遠い山なみの光 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102309/ |access-date=25 December 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nqb4fywdmgo2ku4eqkkg6e6ckqag203 Gordon Maeda 0 96067 891554 609474 2026-08-05T02:33:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Gordon Maeda (眞栄田 郷敦, Maeda Gōdon, an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Japan. Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai zane-zane Sonny Chiba . [1] Maeda an fi saninsa da nuna Takashi Mitsuya a cikin fim din live na Tokyo Revengers da Hyakunosuke Ogata a cikin jerin Golden Kamuy . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Maeda a ranar 9 ga watan Janairu, 2000, a Los Angeles, California . Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Japan Sonny Chiba da matarsa ta biyu Tamami . Yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya Mackenyu da 'yar'uwarsa Juri Manase daga auren mahaifinsa na baya. Maeda ya zauna a Beverly Hills na tsawon shekaru 12 har zuwa kammala karatun firamare, kafin ya koma Japan tare da mahaifiyarsa.[1] Iyayensa sun sake aure a shekarar 2015. Ya koyi Kyokushin karate tun yana da shekaru 5 kuma ya ci gaba da shekaru 7. A makarantar firamare, ya yi sha'awar saxophone a farkon haduwarsa da kayan aiki. Bayan ya shiga makarantar sakandare a Kyoto, ya shiga ƙungiyar tagulla ta makarantar kuma ya huta daga karate. Lokaci ne wanda ya haɓaka sha'awarsa na yin rajista a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tokyo tare da burin zama ƙwararren saxophonist. Don ci gaba da bin mafarkinsa ya tafi Meisei Gakuin, wata babbar makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta a Okayama wacce ke da ƙungiyar tagulla mai daraja da kuma hanya ta musamman don zuwa ƙwararru.[2] Ya zauna a cikin ɗakin kwana na makaranta a Okayama a duk lokacin makarantar sakandare. Tare da ƙungiyar tagulla ta Meisei Gakuin, ya lashe lambobin azurfa da tagulla a Gasar All-Japan Band a cikin 2016 da 2017.[3] Ya fara la'akari da shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo bayan ya kasa jarrabawarsa ta shiga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tokyo ba zato ba tsammani.[4] Daga ƙarshe ya sa mafarkinsa na sana'a na saxophonist ya huta. == Ayyuka == A lokacin nuna fim din ɗan'uwansa mai suna Over Drive a cikin 2018, ta hanyar mahaifinsa ya saba da jami'an masana'antar nishaɗi ciki har da kamfanin samar da ROBOT wanda ya ba shi damar fitowa a fim din matasa wanda daga baya ya zama farkon allo na azurfa, Little Love Song . Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Tokyo Girls Collection (TGC) Kitakyushu 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新田真剣佑の弟・眞栄田郷敦（まえだごうどん）「TGC北九州」出演決定 |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1792372 |access-date=September 12, 2021 |website=mdpr.jp |publisher=modelpress}}</ref> Don sunansa na mataki, ya canza rubutun kanji na sunansa na karshe daga 前田 zuwa 眞栄田 saboda yana so ya haɗa da halin "真" a ciki, kamar sunayen mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=父・千葉真一、兄・新田真剣佑への尊敬の念――眞栄田郷敦、銀幕デビューの地・沖縄で"芸道"を突き進む |url=https://eiga.com/news/20190326/14/ |access-date=September 19, 2021 |website=eiga.com |publisher=映画.com}}</ref> Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko ta hanyar nuna dan wasan guitar na ɗalibai Shinji Fukumura a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa Little Love Song, wanda aka saki a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2019. Kafin yin fim din a Okinawa, 'yan wasan sun yi amfani da kayan aikin su na watanni shida. Maeda ta shiga cikin sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da ke inganta fim din ciki har da yin wasan kwaikwayo a shirye-shiryen kiɗa na talabijin Music Station da Love Music a matsayin ''Chiisana Koi no Uta Band'' .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Music |url=https://www.fujitv.co.jp/lovemusic/backnumber/201905.html |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=fujitv.co.jp |publisher=Fuji TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=佐野勇斗ら"小さな恋のうたバンド"がMステ出演、MONGOL800とセッション |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/332799 |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=natalie.mu |publisher=natalie |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925140843/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/332799 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin mai taken wasanni No Side Manager a matsayin Keita Nanao, tsohon dan wasan rugby wanda ya dawo daga New Zealand. Ya sami rawar wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar matakai uku na sauraro. Ya sami kilo 15 a cikin watanni 3 don shirya don sauraron don jikinsa ya iya kwaikwayon na dan wasan rugby.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新進俳優・眞栄田郷敦が語る、『ノーサイド・ゲーム』挑戦の裏側　「最終的には23kg」 |url=https://realsound.jp/movie/2019/09/post-406169.html |access-date=September 25, 2021 |website=realsound.jp |publisher=Real Sound}}</ref>&nbsp; A watan Janairun 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa Maeda zai yi wasan kwaikwayo na farko na tashar jama'a a cikin sauya ''Kanakana'' a matsayin tsohon mai laifi Masanao Higurashi. A lokacin rani na 2022, Maeda ya kasance a cikin fim mai ban tsoro wanda ya danganci sanannen littafin yanar gizo <nowiki><i id="mwag">Karada Sagashi</i></nowiki>, tare da Kanna Hashimoto wanda ya yi aiki tare da shi a baya a fim din 2019 Come Kiss Me a 0:00 AM . A watan Yulin 2022 an ruwaito cewa Maeda zai bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Fuji TV ''Elpis'' a matsayin matashi darektan, Takuro Kishimoto . A farkon 2023, Maeda ta nuna Takeda Katsuyori a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na NHK Taiga Menene Za ku Yi, Ieyasu? Wannan shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Taiga''. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2023 ta hanyar shafin kulob din magoya bayansa, Maeda ya sanar da cewa ya auri budurwarsa da ba sananne ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新田真剣佑と眞栄田郷敦が兄弟W結婚　お相手は一般女性、故・千葉真一さんの誕生日に同時発表 |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20230122_1834317.html?DETAIL |access-date=January 22, 2023 |website=news-postseven |publisher=News Postseven}}</ref> A watan Yulin wannan shekarar, hukumar sa ta sanar da cewa matar Maeda ta haifi ɗansu na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=眞栄田郷敦に第１子誕生 「ＮＥＷＳポストセブン」が報じる |trans-title=Gordon Maeda's wife gives birth to his first child, reports NEWS Post Seven |url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20230803-T6GXYO5D6RMN7H3XAUIO5VAO64/?outputType=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803223924/https://www.sanspo.com/article/20230803-T6GXYO5D6RMN7H3XAUIO5VAO64/?outputType=amp |archive-date=2023-08-03 |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=サンスポ |language=ja}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 2024, an ba da rahoton cewa Maeda da matarsa sun sake aure bayan kasa da shekaru biyu na aure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=兄とのW結婚から2年と経たず》眞栄田郷敦がスピード離婚！役者への強い思いからくる“ストイックさ”が原因か |trans-title=Less than two years after his double marriage to his brother, Gordon Maeda has a quick divorce! Could his strong desire to be an actor be to blame? |url=https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20241002_1994641.html?DETAIL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009100143/https://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20241002_1994641.html?DETAIL |archive-date=October 9, 2024 |access-date=November 30, 2024 |website=news-postseven |publisher=News Postseven}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- |2019 |''Babu Manajan gefe'' |Keita Nanao | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ノーサイド・ゲームの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000953863/cast/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Zan iya saduwa da ku sau uku'' |Seishiro Michibayashi |Fim din talabijin | |- |''Mai kula da Gidan Nagisa-san'' |Haruto Segawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=私の家政夫ナギサさんの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000977275/cast/ |access-date=May 21, 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2021 |''Kyojo na II'' |Takashi Inabe |Ministoci | |- |''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya Zama Tauraro'' |Shusei Washigami |Matsayin jagora, fim din talabijin | |- |''Mai zane-zane na Romance'' |Togo Nikaido | | |- |''Alkawarin Cinderella'' |Issei Kataoka | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 25, 2021 |script-title=ja:『プロミス・シンデレラ』キャスト・出演者一覧【2021年7月期放送】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/special/56662/ |access-date=July 12, 2021 |website=[[Oricon]] |publisher=Oricon Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Kinnikuman: Labarin da ya ɓace'' |kansa |Matsayin jagora, Takaddun shaida |<ref>{{Cite web |title=綾野剛がロビンマスク！「キン肉マン THE LOST LEGEND」で眞栄田郷敦＆玉城ティナと共闘 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20210812/14/ |access-date=August 12, 2021 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Kanakana'' |Masanao Higurashi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦さん主演 連続ドラマ『カナカナ』制作開始！ |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/20000/459690.html?cid=dchk-tw-dramas-220121-1615 |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=nhk.or.jp |language=ja }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |''Elpis'' |Takurō Kishimoto | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=長澤まさみ、4年半ぶり連ドラ主演『エルピス』で眞栄田郷敦＆鈴木亮平と共演 脚本・渡辺あや×監督・大根仁の社会派エンタメ作 |url=https://www.crank-in.net/news/111427/1 |access-date=July 26, 2022 |website=Crank-in! |language=ja}}</ref> |- |2023 |''Me Za ku yi, Ieyasu?'' |Takeda Katsuyori |Wasan kwaikwayo na <nowiki><i id="mw8A">Taiga</i></nowiki> |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦:大河ドラマ初出演「時代物の撮影自体初めて」 「どうする家康」で武田勝頼役 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20230106dog00m200012000c.html |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Kwanaki 366'' |Haruto Mizuno | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=眞栄田郷敦、月9ドラマ初出演 初共演の広瀬アリスと12年越しに結ばれる恋人を熱演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2316280/full |access-date=February 29, 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Golden Kamuy: Binciken Fursunoni a Hokkaido'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=『ゴールデンカムイ』映画の続きをドラマで描く「北海道刺青囚人争奪編」WOWOWで今秋放送・配信決定 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2316611/full/ |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} === Wasan kwaikwayo na yanar gizo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani |- |2020 |''Haruto-kun na da ke ƙarƙashinsa'' |Haruto Segawa |Matsayin jagora, wanda ya fito daga mai kula da gidan na Nagisa-san''Mai kula da Gidan Nagisa-san'' |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya zama Tauraro -wani labari-'' |Shusei Washigami |Matsayin jagora, sake ba da labari na ''Tare da Kai Wanda Ya So Ya Zama Tauraro'' |- |''Renai Kakutoka'' |Togo Nikaido |Matsayin jagora, spin-off na The Romance Manga Artist''Mai zane-zane na Romance'' |- |''Cinderella Complex'' |Issei Kataoka |Matsayin baƙo (babban abu na 5), ƙaddamar da Promise Cinderella''Alkawarin Cinderella'' |- |} === Fim din wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheader" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ƙananan Waƙar Ƙauna'' |Shinji Fukumura | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=小さな恋のうた |url=https://eiga.com/movie/89219/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Ka zo ka sumbace ni da karfe 0:00 na safe'' |Akira Hamabe | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live-Action Kiss Me at the Stroke of Midnight Film's Trailer Previews Theme Song |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-10-03/live-action-kiss-me-at-the-stroke-of-midnight-film-trailer-previews-theme-song/.151811 |website=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Yi tsalle!! Jarumai da ke Bayan Zinariya'' |Takashi Minamikawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ヒノマルソウル 舞台裏の英雄たち |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92237/ |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Masu fansa na Tokyo'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live-Action Tokyo Revengers Film Casts Gordon Maeda, Hiroya Shimizu |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-09-17/live-action-tokyo-revengers-film-casts-gordon-maeda-hiroya-shimizu/.164109 |website=Anime News Network}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Maimaitawa / memba'' |Takahiro Ise | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=カラダ探し |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95577/ |access-date=June 24, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Haske a Bayan'' |Hikari |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lightning Over the Beyond |url=https://2022.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/film/3505NCN03 |access-date=September 26, 2022 |website=Tokyo International Film Festival}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |''Tokyo Revengers 2: Bloody Halloween Sashe na 1'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=東京リベンジャーズ2 血のハロウィン編 運命 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97642/ |access-date=November 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Tokyo Revengers 2: Bloody Halloween Sashe na 2'' |Takashi Mitsuya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=東京リベンジャーズ2 血のハロウィン編 決戦 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98352/ |access-date=November 30, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Golden Kamuy'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎賢人、実写「ゴールデンカムイ」に主演！ アシリパは山田杏奈、尾形は眞栄田郷敦【映像あり】 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20230830/1/ |access-date=August 30, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Lokacin Blue'' |Yatora Yaguchi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ブルーピリオド |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101531/ |access-date=April 2, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Baban Baban Ban Vampire'' |Mori Nagayoshi | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=映画『ババンババンバンバンパイア』眞栄田郷敦・満島真之介・関口メンディーの出演発表【コメントあり】 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2353564/full/ |access-date=11 November 2024 |website=Oricon |language=ja}}</ref> |- |TBA |''Golden Kamuy: Fim din 2'' |Hyakunosuke Ogata | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ゴールデンカムイ 劇場版2(仮題) |url=https://eiga.com/movie/103034/ |access-date=23 December 2024 |website=eiga.com |language=ja}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lg2umsy4hoqduqtb7jyq451ij13utcr Eita Nagayama 0 96136 891324 732848 2026-08-04T12:24:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891324 wikitext text/x-wiki {| h {{Databox}} '''Eita''' Nagayama<nowiki>'''</nowiki>"},Eita Nagayama (永山, an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba, 1982), wani lokaci ana kiransa da sunan Eita, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Japan daga [[Tokyo]] . Ya bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai da yawa na talabijin na Japan; mafi shahara shine jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin Water Boys . Ya kuma bayyana a cikin Summer Time Machine Blues da Tokyo Friends: The Movie . == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2009, an jefa Eita a cikin rawar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko da ke takawa dan adam a cikin dangantaka ta soyayya da fatalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-11 |title=Eita tries out theater in "Botan Doro" |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-4515 |access-date=2010-02-23 |publisher=Tokyograph}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka a watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, an ba da sanarwar cewa an jefa Eita a matsayin jagora a cikin wasan ''Tokyo Gekko Makyoku'', yana wasa da wani hali mai ban mamaki da ke rayuwa a farkon zamanin Shōwa. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da ya taka rawar gani a wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-06 |title=Eita's first starring role on stage |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-5123 |access-date=2010-02-23 |publisher=Tokyograph}}</ref> == Mataki == Nagayama zai bayyana tare da Jun Matsumoto da Masami Nagasawa a cikin Hideki Noda's Sei sankaku kankei (正三角執, Haɗin Trilateral). Ana sa ran wasan kwaikwayon a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tokyo Metropolitan, a Kitakyushu da Osaka, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Sadler's Wells a London, a ƙarƙashin sunan "Love in action", yana gudana daga Yuli 11 har zuwa Nuwamba 2, 2024. <ref name="Sankaku">{{Cite web |date=17 April 2024 |title=松本潤、長澤まさみ、永山瑛太が舞台初競演、NODA・MAP新作『正三角関係』【コメントあり】 |url=https://theqoo.net/arashi/3187262957 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240417043748/https://theqoo.net/arashi/3187262957 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=The qoonet |language=Japanese}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2010, an ba da sanarwar cewa Eita za ta auri mawaƙa Kaela Kimura, wacce ta riga ta yi juna biyu na watanni biyar, a wannan lokacin rani bayan ta yi aure a ƙarshen 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-01 |title=Oricon Style - Kaela Kimura is 5 months pregnant - got engaged to Eita late last year |url=http://beauty.oricon.co.jp/news/69083/full/ |access-date=2010-06-02 |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-01 |title=2010/06/01 - From Kaela Kimura to all fans |url=http://www.kaela-web.com/20100601kaelacomment.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603230851/http://www.kaela-web.com/20100601kaelacomment.html |archive-date=June 3, 2010 |access-date=2010-06-02 |publisher=kaela-web.com |language=ja}}</ref> Eita da Kimura sun sanar da cewa sun gabatar da rajistar aurensu a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-01 |title=Eita, Kaela Kimura tie the knot |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/id-6566 |access-date=2010-09-02 |publisher=Tokyograph}}</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, ɗa, wanda aka haifa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010, da kuma 'yar, wanda aka Haifa a shekara ta 2013 na wannan watan, bi da bi. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" |Ref |- |2002 |''Aoi Haru'' |Obake | | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Azumi'' |Hiei | | |- |''9 Rayuka'' |Kaneko Noboru | | |- |''Omohi no Tama~Nenju'' | | | |- |2004 |''Mai imani'' |Teru | | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Densha Otoko'' |Hirofumi | | |- |''Lokacin bazara Machine Blues'' |Komoto Takuma |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Gidan da ke rataye'' |Tezuka | | |- | rowspan="3" |2006 |''Su-ki-da'' |Yosuke (matashi) | | |- |''Abubuwan tunawa da Matsuko''' |Sho Kawajiri | | |- |''Abokai na Tokyo: Fim din'' |Ryūji Shintani | | |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''Dororo'' |Tahomaru | | |- |''Yaƙin da ba a Ganuwa'' |Tomoki Kosaka | | |- |''Duck na kasashen waje, Duck na asali da Allah a cikin Locker na tsabar kudi'' |Kawasaki |Matsayin jagora | |- |2008 |''Lokacin dusar ƙanƙara'' |Shiroyama Gun |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="5" |2009 |''Bride na Afrilu'' |Taro Akasu |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Man Gishiri'' |Tetsuya Yazawa | | |- |''Kyakkyawan Likita'' |Keisuke Soma | | |- |''Ba za a sake kuka ba!!!'' |Yusuke Shimoigusa | | |- |''Nodame Cantabile: Sakamakon Ƙarshe - Sashe na I'' |Rashin Rashin Ruwa | | |- |2010 |''Nodame Cantabile: Sakamakon Ƙarshe - Sashe na II'' |Rashin Rashin Ruwa | | |- | rowspan="4" |2011 |''Gidan Tada na Yi-Duk'' |Keisuke Tada |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Wata rana'' |Kanji Shibayama | | |- |''Hara-Kiri: Mutuwar Samurai'' |Motome Chizīwa | | |- |''Dajin 7'' |Dairoku Hiba |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Jirgin kasa na kwakwalwa'' |Kenta Kotama |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Kungiyar Monsters'' |Ryoichi Kakiuchi | | |- | rowspan="1" |2014 |''Gidan Tada na Yi-Dukkanin: Rashin fahimta'' |Keisuke Tada |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''64: Sashe na I'' |Akikawa | | |- |''64: Sashe na II'' |Akikawa | | |- |''Waƙar Mole: Hong Kong Capriccio'' |Shinya Kabuto | | |- |''Mafi Girma Tara'' |Tokuheiji Sugawara | | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Labarin Ringside'' |Hideo |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Sa'an nan kuma akwai haske'' |Tasuku Kurokawa |Matsayin jagora | |- |''Haɗuwa ta Biyu'' |Hisashi Hagiwara |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="1" |2018 |''Abokina "A"'' |Hideto Suzuki |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="1" |2020 |''Dangantakar Iyali'' |Takashi Kawai | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=長渕剛：20年ぶり主演映画「最高ですね！」　飯島直子から3発ビンタ「防衛本能で…」 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20190426dog00m200064000c.html |access-date=January 10, 2022 |website=Mantan Web}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Hokusai'' |Ryūtei Tanehiko | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=柳楽優弥が日本の顔葛飾北斎に！田中泯とＷ主演、海外配給も視野 |url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20190807-5EZXIXQXVNNXXL6WBWIUVEDIGU/2/ |access-date=January 10, 2022 |website=Sankei Sports}}</ref> |- |''A cikin farkawa'' |Mikumo | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=永山瑛太＆緒形直人が被害者役、井之脇海＆西田尚美らも出演『護られなかった者たちへ』 |url=https://www.cinemacafe.net/article/2021/03/31/72097.html |access-date=March 31, 2021 |website=Cinema Cafe}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |''Satumba 1923'' |Shinsuke | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=福田村事件 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/97856/ |access-date=September 29, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Monster'' |Hori |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=怪物 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98367/ |access-date=January 5, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Rashin Ruwa'' |Satoru | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=アンダーカレント |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98723/ |access-date=April 10, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Kada ku kira shi asiri: Fim din'' |Garo Inudō | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ミステリと言う勿れ |url=https://eiga.com/movie/98387/ |access-date=May 30, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Kada ku rasa kai!'' |Ōishi Kuranosuke | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ムロツヨシが映画「身代わり忠臣蔵」で吉良家2役演じる、永山瑛太は大石内蔵助に |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/534090 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=Natalie |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724230905/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/534090 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Kaze ni Arashi ni'' |Ōsugi Sakae | |<ref name="kazeyo">{{Cite web |title=吉高由里子主演「風よ あらしよ」劇場版、24年2月公開 100年前、自由を求め闘った伊藤野枝の生涯描く |url=https://eiga.com/news/20231027/15/ |access-date=October 29, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''I Ai'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=i ai |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95415/ |access-date=March 10, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Tsibirin Jarumi'' |A kai | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=宝島 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/101792/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3nos09qb96gxthsjb1paf3n3087zerr Hirona Yamazaki 0 96270 891657 598835 2026-08-05T11:02:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891657 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Hirona Yamazaki (山崎 ̆菜, Yamazaki Hirona, an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1994, a Chiba Prefecture,a kasar Japan) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official profile |url=http://www.toho-ent.co.jp/actress/show_profile.php?id=7308 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625115804/http://toho-ent.co.jp/actress/show_profile.php?id=7308 |archive-date=2014-06-25 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}}</ref> 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Japan wacce kamfanin talanti na Toho Entertainment ke wakilta. == Tarihin rayuwa == Yamazaki ya lashe lambar yabo ta musamman na juri a bikin ''7th Toho Cinderella Audition'' . Fitowar fim dinta na farko yana cikin ''We Were'' kuma fitowarta ta farko ta wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin tana cikin ''Koko Nyūshi'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=長澤まさみの妹分・山崎紘菜の魅力に迫る モデルプレスインタビュー |url=http://mdpr.jp/interview/detail/1289547 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Modelpress (October 17, 2013)</ref> Daga baya Yamazaki ya fito a fina-finai kamar ''Kyō, Koi o Hajimemasu'', ''Casting Blossoms to the Sky'', da ''Darasi na Mugunta'' . A shekara ta 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin halayyar hoto ta Jami'ar Meiji Rugby Club, kuma an nada ta a matsayin samfurin hoto a gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta Jami'o'i ta Kasa ta 50 a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜 全国大学ラグビー イメージモデルに決定いたしました |url=http://www.toho-ent.co.jp/information/article.php?record=1396 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305075130/http://www.toho-ent.co.jp/information/article.php?record=1396 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Toho Entertainment Official Site (December 2, 2013)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hirona Yamazaki |url=http://www.rugby-japan.jp/UnivRugby/profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215163600/http://www.rugby-japan.jp/UnivRugby/profile.html |archive-date=2013-12-15 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} 50th National University Rugby Football Championship Special Site</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜：初の大学ラグビーイメージモデルに 18校のユニホーム姿披露 |url=http://mantan-web.jp/2013/12/07/20131206dog00m200079000c.html |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Mainichi Shimbun Digital</ref> Yamazaki ya kuma kasance samfurin hoto a gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta 51 ta Jami'ar Kasa a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜 今年も全国大学ラグビー選手権イメージモデルに決定しました! |url=http://www.toho-ent.co.jp/information/article.php?record=1664 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305121021/http://www.toho-ent.co.jp/information/article.php?record=1664 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Toho Entertainment Official Site (December 5, 2014)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜：2年連続で大学ラグビーイメージモデルに ポスターも公開 |url=http://mantan-web.jp/2014/12/05/20141204dog00m200057000c.html |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Mainichi Shimbun Digital (December 5, 2014)</ref> A shekara ta 2013, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Tokyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=東京国際映画祭開幕!山崎紘菜が同世代におススメする刺激的な作品!? |url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/movie/2029835/full/ |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Oricon Style (October 18, 2013)</ref> A cikin 2014, rawar jarumi ta farko ta Yamazaki ta kasance a cikin ''Kami-sama no Iu Toori'' a matsayin Ichika Akimoto . <ref>{{Cite web |title=映画「神さまの言うとおり」が絶賛上映中! ヒロイン役の山崎紘菜にインタビュー |url=http://news.walkerplus.com/article/52616/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903015903/http://news.walkerplus.com/article/52616/ |archive-date=2015-09-03 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Kansai Walker (November 20, 2014)</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- |2012 |''Kōkō Nyūshi'' |Erina Ishikawa | | |- |2015 |''Makarantar Kurkuku'' |Mari Kurihara | | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Mars'' |Harumi Sugihara | | |- |''Kayinu da Habila'' |Hikari Shibata | | |- |2017 |''Chameleon Actor'' |Kanae Nomiya |Fim din talabijin | |- |2019 |''Babu Manajan gefe'' |Risa Nakamoto | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ノーサイド・ゲームの出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0000953863/cast/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=The Television}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Nemesis'' |Meiko Mima | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=仲村トオル、真木よう子、山崎紘菜、石黒賢が「ネメシス」出演、事件の鍵握る役 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/420375 |access-date=March 17, 2021 |website=Natalie |archive-date=December 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227110202/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/420375 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2022 |''Daɗi'' |Aika Hijirikawa | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ドラマ「DORONJO」ヤッターマンは山崎紘菜と金子大地、ドロンボー一味キャストも発表 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/487039 |access-date=July 28, 2022 |website=Crank-in! |archive-date=December 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222204849/https://natalie.mu/comic/news/487039 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2022–23 |''Maiagare!'' |Rinko Yano |''Mai dafa abinci'' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Snow Man目黒蓮:「舞いあがれ！」で朝ドラ初出演 山崎紘菜、醍醐虎汰朗ら航空学校の仲間のキャスト発表 |url=https://mantan-web.jp/article/20220719dog00m200033000c.html |access-date=July 20, 2022 |website=Mantan-web}}</ref> |- |2024 |''Onsha no Midare Tadashimasu!'' |Sarkin Saegusa |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=御社の乱れ正します！の出演者・キャスト一覧 |url=https://thetv.jp/program/0001044291/cast/ |access-date=9 November 2024 |website=The Television}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Rayuwar Kanako Mai Farin Ciki'' |Ōmori | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cayanan |first=Joanna |date=February 11, 2025 |title=Live-Action Happy Kanako's Killer Life Series' Trailer Unveils More Cast, February 28 Debut |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2025-02-11/live-action-happy-kanako-killer-life-series-trailer-unveils-more-cast-february-28-debut/.221082 |access-date=February 11, 2025 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="5" |2012 |''Mun kasance a can: Ƙaunar Farko'' | | | |- |''Mun kasance a can: Ƙaunar Gaskiya'' | | | |- |''Kono Sora no Hana Nagaoka Hanabi Monogatari'' |Nozomi Yuge | | |- |''Darasi na Mugun'' |Yuki Tsukahara | | |- |''Ƙaunar Masu Farko'' | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=今日、恋をはじめます |url=https://eiga.com/movie/57535/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''Ciniki Tafiya: Eigakan na Miru Seikaiisan no Tabi'' |Mai Gudanar da Jirgin Sama | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「シネマ・トラベル」ツアーナビゲーターに山崎紘菜 劇場にトラベルデスクを設置 |url=http://eiga.com/news/20140215/2/ |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Eiga.com (February 15, 2014)</ref> |- |''Makonni Bakwai'' |Kasane Suzuki | | |- |''Kamar yadda alloli za su yi'' |Ichika Akimoto | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜、アクション初挑戦 15日封切り |url=http://www.kahoku.co.jp/tohokunews/201411/20141110_15033.html?style=print |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618154028/http://www.kahoku.co.jp/tohokunews/201411/20141110_15033.html?style=print |archive-date=2015-06-18 |access-date=2015-09-04 |language=ja}} Hebei Shimpo (November 9, 2014)</ref> |- |2015 |''Orange'' |Takako Chino | | |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Mutumin da ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinariya'' |Megumi Hashimoto | | |- |''Mars'' |Harumi Sugihara | | |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |''Bari mu tafi, Jets!'' |Yui Kito | | |- |''Labarin Lokaci Hudu'' |Miyu Tagagi |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |title=春夏秋冬物語 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/86375/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Hanagatami'' |Akine | | |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Kashewa don Mai Shari'a'' |Nanako Mogami | | |- |''50 Kisses na farko'' |Sumire | | |- | rowspan="1" |2019 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata masu farawa'' |Nozomi |Matsayin jagora | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Labyrinth na Cinema'' |Kazuko Yoshiyama | | |- |''Kamen Rider Zero-One fim: Real×Time'' |Akane Tono | | |- |''[[Monster Hunter (fim)|Mai farauta]]'' |Mai sarrafawa |Fim din Amurka |<ref>{{Cite web |title=山崎紘菜、ハリウッドの現場で芽生えた自覚と気概 |url=https://eiga.com/news/20210325/12/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2021 |''Mai ƙarfin zuciya: Gunjō Senki'' |Haruka Seno | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ブレイブ 群青戦記 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/92235/ |access-date=October 1, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Girma'' |Itō | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=わたし達はおとな |url=https://eiga.com/movie/95711/ |access-date=February 28, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |''Rayuwar soyayya'' |Yamazaki | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=LOVE LIFE |url=https://eiga.com/movie/96701/ |access-date=March 25, 2022 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} === Dubbing === * ''Dare a Gidan Tarihi: Asirin Kabari'' (Shepseheret (Anjali Jay)) <ref>{{Cite web |title=ナイト ミュージアム／エジプト王の秘密 |url=https://www.fukikaeru.com/?p=695 |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Fukikaeru}}</ref> == manazrta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.toho-ent.co.jp/actor/1097 Bayanan hukuma] (a cikin Jafananci) * {{IMDb name|5193462}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rlutrlu9sag279igwexlqhkdt2fivme Hokuto Yoshino 0 96284 891658 886432 2026-08-05T11:16:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 22 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Hokuto Yoshino (吉野北人, Yoshino Hokuto, an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1997), kuma shi mawaƙi ne na kasar [[Japan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar [[J-pop|J-Pop]] The Rampage daga Exile Tribe . Yoshino yana wakiltar LDH. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Hokuto Yoshino a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1997, a yankin Miyazaki, Japan . Ya kasance yana buga wasan kwando tun aji na uku. Lokacin da yake makarantar firamare, kocin kwando ya gaya masa cewa ya kamata ya shiga masana'antar nishaɗi wanda ya haifar da sha'awarsa ta farko a wannan ɓangaren. A makarantar sakandare, ya lashe gasar kwallon kwando ta Miyazaki (gasar zakarun) da kuma kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LDH期待のグループ THE RAMPAGE from EXILE TRIBE - 二十一世紀倶楽部 |url=http://www.team2020.jp/_ct/17046337 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929115626/http://www.team2020.jp/_ct/17046337 |archive-date=2020-09-29 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=www.team2020.jp |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RAMPAGE from EXILE TRIBE／宮崎出身のヴォーカリスト 吉野北人にインタビュー!! {{!}} 月刊チャージ |url=https://vnr.jp/?p=6678 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=vnr.jp}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ya kuma san Exile ta hanyar bincike da su bayan wani abokin aji ya ambaci kamanceceniyarsa da Takahiro na Exile.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【インタビュー】芝居の経験もTHE RAMPAGEに還元したい。歌と仲間を愛する21歳、吉野北人の素顔 |url=https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/15914400/ |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=ライブドアニュース |language=ja}}</ref> Wannan ya kai shi ga neman zama cikakken mawaƙi daga makarantar sakandare. Lokaci na farko da ya raira waƙa a gaban masu sauraro ya kasance a wani bikin al'adu na makarantar sakandare inda ya yi waƙar "Ina son ku" ta Yutaka Ozaki. Bayan haka, Yoshino ya fara karbar darussan waka masu sauƙi kuma ya shiga gasar karaoke a garinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=吉野北人＆川村壱馬 初対面で互いに直感シンパシー - 日曜日のヒーロー＆ヒロイン - 芸能コラム : 日刊スポーツ |url=https://www.nikkansports.com/entertainment/column/sundayhero/news/201909290000391.html |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=nikkansports.com |language=ja}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, ya kuma gwada don sauraro daban-daban.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=THE RAMPAGE 吉野北人は地道に努力を重ねるボーカリスト 片寄涼太お墨付きの"天然"な一面も（リアルサウンド） |url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/article?a=20200331-00010007-realsound-ent |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref> Abokan ajiyarsa a makarantar sakandare sun hada da Kanta Sato da ɗan'uwansa na Rampage Shogo Iwaya . == Ayyuka == Tun da yake yana son Exile, Yoshino ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin VOCAL BATTLE AUDITION 4 - Don Matasa da Mafarki yana da shekaru 17. A lokacin sansanin horo na sauraron ya yi gwagwarmaya da koyon rawa tunda ba shi da kwarewa amma Ryuta Hidaka (yanzu memba na Ballistik Boyz) ya taimaka masa. A ƙarshe, Yoshino ya wuce sauraron a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu cin nasara uku daga cikin masu fafatawa dubu 30 tare da Kazuma Kawamura da Riku Aoyama kuma ya zama dan takarar murya na THE RAMPAGE a watan Afrilun 2014. An zaba shi a matsayin memba na hukuma na kungiyar bayan kammala mu''Sha shugyo'' . <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=EXILE TRIBE新グループTHE RAMPAGE、正式メンバー決定 - モデルプレス |url=https://mdpr.jp/news/detail/1417462 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=モデルプレス - ライフスタイル・ファッションエンタメニュース |language=ja}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a fim din Prince of Legend, yana taka rawar "Team Next's" prince Koki Tendo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=「PRINCE OF LEGEND」THE RAMPAGE吉野、藤原、長谷川の"Teamネクスト"MV公開（動画あり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/299749 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2023-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014034425/https://natalie.mu/music/news/299749 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2019, ya halarci PRINCE OF LEGEND PREMIUM LIVE SHOW, wani taron magoya baya tare da dukan Yarima na Legend, a Yokohama Arena . <ref>{{Cite web |title=片寄涼太＆佐野玲於らイケメン王子が"胸キュン"ライブ「行くよ、僕のプリンセス」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2129569/full/ |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> A can, ya yi "Too Shy", murfin Kajagoogoo na 80s da aka buga kuma ya saka waƙar fim din, tare da Makoto Hasegawa da Itsuki Fujiwara waɗanda suka buga sauran mambobin "Team Next".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=片寄涼太、川村壱馬、吉野北人が「PRINCE OF LEGEND」チーム曲歌唱、主題歌はm-flo（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/297636 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2018-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831011749/https://natalie.mu/music/news/297636 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=【ライブレポート】「プリレジェ」の王子たちが大渋滞！京極兄弟の鈴木伸之＆川村壱馬が2人で熱唱（写真23枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/320043 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330204618/https://natalie.mu/music/news/320043 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Satumba a wannan shekarar, an gayyaci Yoshino zuwa 29th [[Tokyo]] Girls Collection (Autumn / Winter) a Saitama Super Arena tare da babban simintin fim din High & Low The Worst wanda ya fito a matsayin Tsukasa Takajo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【TGC2019AW】THERAMPAGE・川村壱馬＆吉野北人、ワイルドファッションでランウェイ |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2143914/full/ |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> Wannan alama ce ta farko da ya halarci kowane taron da ya shafi kayan ado kuma ya yi tafiya a kan hanya a cikin aikinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=【イベントレポート】THE RAMPAGE川村＆吉野「TGC」に登場、「HiGH&LOW」最新作をアピール（写真18枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/346719 |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205042624/https://natalie.mu/music/news/346719 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan 'yan watanni, ya kuma bayyana a 30th Tokyo Girls Collection (Spring / Summer) tare da babban simintin fim din Kizoku Tanjou -Prince Of Legend- . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inc |first=Natasha |title=【イベントレポート】片寄涼太がTGC×プリレジェステージにサプライズ降臨！白濱亜嵐や川村壱馬らランウェイ（写真13枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/369262 |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301143716/https://natalie.mu/music/news/369262 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=【TGC2020SS】白濱亜嵐、吉野北人、塩野瑛久ら"貴族降臨" 王子・片寄涼太はシークレット出演 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2156465/full/ |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === A matsayin mai zane-zane === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |JPNHot<nowiki><br id="mweQ"></nowiki> |- ! scope="row" |"Too Shy"{{Small|[[M-Flo|M-flo Presents Prince Project]] feat. Yoshino Hokuto}}<br /> |2018 | -| {{N/a|Non-album single}} |<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=m-floが洋楽カバー連続配信 "王子"片寄涼太、川村壱馬、吉野北人が参加 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2121162/full/ |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> |} == Hotunan fina-finai ==   === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2019 |''Yarima na Labari'' |Koki Tendo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=14人の王子が一斉壁ドン！3月公開「PRINCE OF LEGEND」ビジュアル＆特報解禁（動画あり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/302169 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2018-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003042958/https://natalie.mu/music/news/302169 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=「プリレジェ」劇場版完成披露イベント、バレンタインの横アリで王子が大渋滞（動画あり）website=音楽ナタリー |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/310768 |access-date=2020-03-31 |language=ja |archive-date=2019-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921224220/https://natalie.mu/music/news/310768 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=片寄涼太、開花宣言と共に公開された「プリレジェ」ヒット願う「長く咲き続けたい」（写真57枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/324784 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070627/https://natalie.mu/music/news/324784 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''High &amp;amp; Low Mafi Girma'' |Tsukasa Takajo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「HiGH&LOW」新作で高橋ヒロシとコラボ、新キャストに川村壱馬や吉野北人ら（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/320639 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130172646/https://natalie.mu/music/news/320639 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=「HiGH&LOW」志尊淳率いる鳳仙学園キャスト発表、ランペ新曲聴ける特報映像も解禁（動画あり / コメントあり）website=音楽ナタリー |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/324542 |access-date=2020-03-31 |language=ja |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201145719/https://natalie.mu/music/news/324542 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=【イベントレポート】「HiGH&LOW」川村壱馬は鳳仙の楽屋に入り浸り、山田裕貴は緊張の吉野北人をフォロー（写真55枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/344164 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2019-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130155606/https://natalie.mu/music/news/344164 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2020 |''Haihuwar Aristocratic: Yarima na Legend - Fim din'' |Koki Tendo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=白濱亜嵐と片寄涼太が対峙する「貴族降臨」ビジュアル解禁、貴族と王子が集結 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/360310 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228220516/https://natalie.mu/music/news/360310 |archive-date=2024-12-28 |access-date= |website= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=【イベントレポート】「貴族降臨」白濱亜嵐はSHAKA披露、片寄涼太は藤原樹＆長谷川慎とコラボ（写真91枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/367101 |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409192129/https://natalie.mu/music/news/367101 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Saki Shi, Ba Ni ba'' |Asuma Mutsumi |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=吉野北人主演で「私がモテてどうすんだ」映画化！神尾楓珠、伊藤あさひ、奥野壮ら共演（コメントあり） |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/362483 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=映画ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315040048/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/362483 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ＴＨＥ ＲＡＭＰＡＧＥ 吉野北人 明るい未来へ前向きに－ファンとの再会の日待つ（デイリースポーツ） |url=https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20200327-00000064-dal-ent |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=Yahoo!ニュース |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=『私がモテてどうすんだ』実写映画化 吉野北人・神尾楓珠・伊藤あさひ・奥野壮らイケメン集結 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2152888/full/ |access-date=2020-04-02 |website=ORICON NEWS}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2022 |''High&Low: Mafi Girma X'' |Tsukasa Takajo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「HiGH & LOW: THE WORST X」 |url=https://www.high-low.jp/movies/theworst-x/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=HiGH&LOW |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2023 |''Dare na (K) '' |Toki |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=MY (K)NIGHT マイ・ナイト |url=https://eiga.com/movie/99031/ |access-date=August 13, 2023 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2025 |''Bayanan kashe kansa An ajiye su a kan Tebur'' |Shuya Ikenaga |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-21 |title=Suicide Notes Laid on the Table Manga Gets Live-Action Film on January 31 |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-10-20/suicide-notes-laid-on-the-table-manga-gets-live-action-film-on-january-31/.216973 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=遺書、公開。 |url=https://eiga.com/movie/102667/ |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=eiga.com}}</ref> |- |} === Wasanni na talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2018 |''Yarima na Labari'' |Koki Tendo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=片寄涼太らEXILE TRIBE若手陣、「ハイロー」チームの"王子プロジェクト"に集結（動画あり） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/281880 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101125648/https://natalie.mu/music/news/281880 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=王子が大渋滞！「PRINCE OF LEGEND」10月から日テレで放送、あの椅子も展示 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/292657 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=2019-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121035356/https://natalie.mu/music/news/292657 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2019 |''High&Low: Mafi munin Kashi.0'' |Tsukasa Takajo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ランペ川村＆吉野を中心に描く「HiGH&LOW THE WORST」ドラマ版7月から |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/334255 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |publisher=Natasha, Inc. |language=ja |archive-date=2019-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718081202/https://natalie.mu/music/news/334255 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ハイローの祭はHulu通せや！シリーズ全作一挙追加＆新作ドラマ先行配信 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/337177 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331185755/https://natalie.mu/music/news/337177 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Haihuwar Aristocratic: Yarima na Labari'' |Koki Tendo | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Aristocratic Birth - Prince of Legend |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/354487 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213204153/https://natalie.mu/music/news/354487 |archive-date=2019-12-13 |access-date= |website= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=「貴族誕生」第4話より物憂げな光輝や信虎と歩夢の作業着ショット公開 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/359151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251128105048/https://natalie.mu/music/news/359151 |archive-date=2025-11-28 |access-date= |website= |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2020 |''Toshi no Sakon'' |Sean Ichinose |Abubuwa 3 da 4 | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Hokuto Yoshino appearing in the episodes 3 and 4 of MBS/TBS DRAMAISM "Toshi no Sakon", on air from 12/16 (Wed.)! |url=https://www.ldh.co.jp/eng/news/detail.php?lang=eng&site=TRIBE&newsid=0000031134 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=www.ldh.co.jp}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2021 |''Masana'antar Noodle ta Tokyo'' |Kōtarō Akamatsu |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RAMPAGE吉野北人、地上波初主演ドラマ「トーキョー製麺所」でうどん店の店長に |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/439011 |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Natalie |archive-date=14 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014231059/https://natalie.mu/music/news/439011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2024 |''1122: Don Auren Farin Ciki'' |Sarki Ikebata | | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cayanan |first=Joanna |date=February 16, 2024 |title=Live-Action 1122: For a Happy Marriage Series Unveils More Cast |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-18/live-action-1122-for-a-happy-marriage-series-unveils-more-cast/.207720 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218170715/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-02-18/live-action-1122-for-a-happy-marriage-series-unveils-more-cast/.207720 |archive-date=February 18, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> |- |} === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2019 |''Grand Prix mai cin gashin kansa'' |Alƙali | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE RAMPAGE吉野北人＆ボイメン小林豊「ものまねグランプリ」に審査員として登場 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/350949 |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415070608/https://natalie.mu/music/news/350949 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Kasuwanci === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2017 |Filin wasa na Daiichi Kosho Live Dam''Filin wasa na Live Dam'' |tare da wasu masu zane-zane na LDH | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=【イベントレポート】LDHファミリーがLIVE DAM新機種の迫力に驚愕、カラオケ十八番発表（写真17枚） |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/247872 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222194525/https://natalie.mu/music/news/247872 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Bayyanar wasan === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2019 |Yarima na Labari Ƙaunar Royale |Koki Tendo | * An sake shi a ranar 5 ga Maris * Ana samunsa akan iOS / Android | style="text-align:center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=「PRINCE OF LEGEND」の恋愛シミュレーションゲームが登場 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/311095 |access-date=2020-03-31 |website=音楽ナタリー |language=ja |archive-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206150038/https://natalie.mu/music/news/311095 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5gboqrpr8ae9uy1olsgotaexnzitjbf Gyaldem Tish 0 96575 891568 783965 2026-08-05T04:37:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Opare Leticia''', wacce aka sani da sunanta na mataki '''Gyaldem Tish''', 'yar Ghana ce Afropop, gidan rawa da reggae . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Gyaldem Tish ga Mista & Mrs Opare a Donkorkrom, Kwahu Afram Plains North a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabashin]] Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2021 |title=Gyaldem Tish storms Afram Plains with her #HomeComing2020 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Gyaldem-Tish-storms-Afram-Plains-with-her-HomeComing2020-1150610 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> Bayan karamar sakandare ta koma Mpraeso don ci gaba da karatunta a matakin Sakandare. Sha'awarta ga kiɗa ya haɓaka lokacin da take makarantar sakandare. Ta saki waƙar ta ta farko a hukumance a cikin 2018 mai taken "UnderTaker" wanda ya sami ɗan karɓuwa a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="Undertaker">{{Citation|title=Undertaker – Single by Tish|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/undertaker-single/1474137887|language=en-us|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905220643/https://music.apple.com/us/album/undertaker-single/1474137887|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta saki "iWoman" jim kadan bayan haka. Ta kuma shiga wasu makada don yin wasu fitattun wakokin kasar.<ref name="Gyaldem">{{Citation|title=Gyaldem Tish – My Own(Cover) ft 9Tx Crew (Live Band Session)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0onY8rkXsOw|language=en|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gyaldem Tish » NK PROMO GH|url=https://nkpromogh.com/gyaldemtish/|access-date=8 March 2021|website=NK PROMO GH|language=en-US|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905222148/https://nkpromogh.com/gyaldemtish/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maƙoƙi == === Ɗaiɗaiku === * "UnderTaker"<ref name="Undertaker" /> * "iWoman"<ref>{{Citation|title=Iwoman|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6sa4RofQu1mgl2GL0BgP3L|language=en|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> * "Suffer Get" ft Dhat Gyal<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2019|title=Tish ft. Dhat Gyal – Suffer Get (Prod. By SevenSnares)|url=https://jonilar.net/2019/09/10/tish-ft-dhat-gyal-suffer-get-prod-sevensnares/|access-date=8 March 2021|website=Jonilar|language=en-US|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123171239/https://jonilar.net/2019/09/10/tish-ft-dhat-gyal-suffer-get-prod-sevensnares/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * "Nuh Care" ft Quame Rhymz<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tish Nuh Care – Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11ftkfhh7_&hl=en-GH&q=tish+nuh+care&kgs=2b8f8557672b10de&shndl=0&entrypoint=sh/x/kp |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Google.}}</ref> * "Fear No Man"<ref>{{Citation|title=Fear No Man – Single by Gyaldem Tish|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/fear-no-man-single/1531328042|language=en-us|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905220645/https://music.apple.com/us/album/fear-no-man-single/1531328042|url-status=dead}}</ref> * "Your Grace"<ref>{{Citation|title=Your Grace – Single by Gyaldem Tish|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/your-grace-single/1544841705|language=en-us|access-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> *"Broken"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyaldem Tish_Broken |url=https://grinomusic.com/track/553-gyaldem-tish-broken |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Grino Music. |language=en |archive-date=19 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319080136/https://grinomusic.com/track/553-gyaldem-tish-broken |url-status=dead }}</ref> *"Whine Fi Me" ft Elly Element<ref>{{Cite web |title=Whine Fi Me ft Elly Element - aftownmusic |url=https://aftownmusic.com/track/ANvhgpqhIKSAelp |access-date=2021-06-28 |website=Aftown Music}}</ref> *"Hostage"<ref>{{Citation |title=Hostage |date=2023-03-25 |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3KpY601guGb0bWUn1Hp3Ed |access-date=2023-03-31 |language=en}}</ref> === Albums/EPs === * iWoman (EP) == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Event !Prize !Recipient !Result !Ref |- | rowspan="6" |2019 | rowspan="2" |Emerging Music Awards |Dancehall Artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref name="Emerging">{{Cite web |date=31 July 2019 |title=Emerging Music Awards Ghana: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/emerging-music-awards-ghana-all-nominees |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Music in Africa |language=en}}</ref> |- |Dancehall Song of the Year |iWoman | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref name="Emerging" /> |- | rowspan="4" |Eastern Music Awards |Female Vocalist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref name="Eastern">{{Cite web |title=Eastern Music Awards Unveils Nominees For 2019 |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/60740/eastern-music-awards-unveils-nominees-for-2019.html |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |Most Promising Act of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref name="Eastern" /> |- |Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year |iWoman | class="yes table-yes2" style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Won |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dggy |first=Caring |date=29 December 2020 |title=MEET TWO TIMES REGGEA/DANCEHALL SONG OF THE YEAR WINNER "GYALDEM TISH" |url=https://trendsbaze.com/meet-two-times-reggea-dancehall-song-of-the-year-winner-gyaldem-tish/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Trends Baze Ghana |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Reaggae Dancehall Artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref name="Eastern" /> |- | rowspan="5" |2020 | rowspan="2" |Emerging Music Awards |Dancehall Artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2020 |title=Emerging Music Awards Nominees List Out |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/emerging-music-awards-nominees-list-out/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Dancehall Song of the Year |Fear No Man | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=2020 Emerging Music Awards Nominees Out (See Full List) |url=https://www.kobbykyeinews.com/entertainment/2020-emerging-music-awards-nominees-out-see-full-list/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=kobby kyei news |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Eastern Music Awards |Reggae Dancehall Act of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=Stone, Kuami, others nominated for Eastern Music Awards 2020; see full list {{!}} Ghana Music {{!}} Top Stories |url=https://www.ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2020/11/26/stone-kuami-others-nominated-for-eastern-music-awards-2020-see-full-list/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Ghana Music |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year |Fear No Man | class="yes table-yes2" style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Won |<ref>{{Cite web |last=NdwomPa |date=25 December 2020 |title=Trending News: Eastern Music Awards 2020: Full List of Winners. |url=https://www.ndwompa.com/eastern-music-awards-2020-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=NdwomPa. |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225003312/https://www.ndwompa.com/eastern-music-awards-2020-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Youth Empowerment Awards |Youth Reggae/Dancehall artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ronnie |first=Afrikaba |date=20 October 2020 |title=Youth Empowerment Awards unveils nominations for 2020 |url=https://africapush.com/youth-empowerment-awards-unveils-nominations-for-2020/ |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Africapush. |language=en-US |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115075805/https://africapush.com/youth-empowerment-awards-unveils-nominations-for-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="8" |2021 |Ghana Merit Awards |Next Rated Female Act |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated | |- | rowspan="3" |Kwahu Music Awards |Reggae Dancehall Artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated | |- |Reggae Dancehall Song of the Year |Fear No Man | class="yes table-yes2" style="background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Won |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwahu Music Awards 2021: Okit Physical crowned Artiste of the Year |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/67257/kwahu-music-awards-2021-okit-physical-crowned.html |access-date=2021-12-29 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Vocalist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated | |- |Emerging Music Awards |Reggae Song Of the Year |Your Grace | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated | |- | rowspan="3" |Eastern Music Awards |Female Vocalist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikil20 Eastern Music Awards Announce Nominees For 2021 Edition - Ameyaw Debrah |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/vikil20-eastern-music-awards-unveil-nominees-for-2021-edition/ |access-date=2021-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Raggae/Dancehall Song of the Year |Whine Fi Me | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Vikil20 Eastern Music Awards Unveil Nominees For 2021 Edition |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202111/454966.php |access-date=2021-12-29 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news |archive-date=2021-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211229192849/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202111/454966.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Reggae/Dancehall Artist of the Year |Herself | class="no table-no2" style="background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " |Nominated |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikil20 Eastern Music Awards Announce Nominees For 2021 Edition - Ameyaw Debrah |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/vikil20-eastern-music-awards-unveil-nominees-for-2021-edition/ |access-date=2021-12-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Bidiyo == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Shekara ! Take ! Darakta ! Ref |- | 2019 | iWoman | Hotunan Redshots | |- | 2019 | Suffer Get ft Dhat Gyal | Farashin DPM | |- | 2019 | Gyaldem Tish Yana Yin A Vac Tare da DJ Mensah | Farashin DPM | |- | 2019 | Gyaldem Tish Yana Yin A Kyautar Kiɗa na Gabas | NK PROMO GH | |- | 2020 | My Own (Cover) ft Sami | Farashin DPM | |- | 2020 | Tsanaki | Farashin DPM | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gyaldem Tish – Caution (Official Video) – YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wc2DGa19mKE |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=Youtube.}}</ref> |- | 2020 | Tsoro Babu Mutum | Farashin DPM | |- | 2020 | Alherin ku | Farashin DPM | |} == Magana == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5io4hvyt0tzrpxquchao7wc9iyc6rlo Fitz da Tantrums discography 0 96594 891432 599941 2026-08-04T18:43:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891432 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} Wadannan sune tarihin Fitz da Tantrums, ƙungiyar indie pop ta yankin Los Angeles na kasar amurka da Michael Fitzpatrick ya kafa a 2008 (shugaban murya). == Kundin studio == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Jerin kundin studio, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi. ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Bayani ! colspan="7" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:10em;" |Takaddun shaida |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |Amurka<nowiki><br id="mwIA"></nowiki><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |USRock<nowiki><br id="mwKA"></nowiki><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |BEL (FL) <nowiki><br id="mwMA"></nowiki><br /><ref name="BELF">{{Cite web |title=Fitz and the Tantrums albums (Flanders) |url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Fitz+And+The+Tantrums |access-date=December 13, 2015 |publisher=[[Ultratop]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |CAN<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |HUN<br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=2014/12. heti Album Top 40 slágerlista - Hivatalos m |url=https://slagerlistak.hu/top-40-album-dvd-es-valogataslemez-lista/2014/12 |access-date=January 18, 2024 |publisher=Hungarian Group of IFPI}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |NED<br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fitz and the Tantrums albums |url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Fitz+And+The+Tantrums |access-date=2015-12-12 |publisher=[[MegaCharts]] / Dutchcharts |language=Dutch}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Ɗauki Kashi'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Agusta 24, 2010 * Alamar: DangerbirdTsuntsu mai haɗari * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl |140 | - | - | - {{Efn|''Pickin' Up the Pieces'' did not enter the Ultratop 200 Albums chart, but peaked at number 6 on the Flemish Heatseekers chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ultratop.be/nl/album/24483/Fitz-And-The-Tantrums-Pickin'-Up-The-Pieces | title=ultratop.be - Fitz And The Tantrums - Pickin' Up The Pieces | publisher=ultratop.be| accessdate=February 3, 2021}}</ref>}} | - | - |83 | |- ! scope="row" |''Fiye da Mafarki'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Mayu 7, 2013 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl |26 |7 |8 | - | - |34 | - | |- ! scope="row" |''Fitz da Tantrums'' | * Ranar fitarwa: 10 ga Yuni, 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getz |first=Dana |title=Fitz & the Tantrums announce new album and tour, share 'Handclap' |url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/03/25/fitz-tantrums-new-album-tour-handclap |access-date=March 26, 2016 |publisher=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref> * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl |17 |4 |6 | - |44 | - | - | * RIAA: Zinariya <ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web |title=American certifications – Fitz and the Tantrums |url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&se=fitz#search_section |access-date=June 28, 2021 |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Dukkanin Jin'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Satumba 20, 2019 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl | - {{Efn|''All the Feels'' did not enter the US Billboard 200, but peaked at number 17 on the [[Digital Albums]] Chart.<ref name="Digital-Albums">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/fitz-and-the-tantrums/chart-history/DLP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024222615/https://www.billboard.com/music/fitz-and-the-tantrums/chart-history/DLP|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 24, 2019|title=Fitz and the Tantrums - Billboard Digital Albums|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=October 24, 2019}}</ref>}} |19 |44 | - | - | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |''Bari ka 'yantar da kanka'' | * Ranar fitarwa: 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Let Yourself Free by Fitz and The Tantrums |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/let-yourself-free/1645454921 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:90%" |" - " yana nuna rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a saki shi a wannan yankin ba. |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Bayani |- ! scope="row" |''Rayuwa a Birnin Chicago'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Oktoba 2, 2020 * Alamar: Canyon Elektra * Tsarin: CD, saukewa, vinyl |} == Wasanni masu tsawo == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Bayani |- ! scope="row" |''Daga Ƙungiyar ta (Remixes) '' | * Ranar fitarwa: 30 ga Yuli, 2013 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''Walker Remix EP'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Mayu 27, 2014 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''HandClap (Remixes, shafi na 1) '' | * Ranar fitarwa: 9 ga Yuni, 2016 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''HandClap (Remixes, shafi na 2) '' | * Ranar fitarwa: 9 ga Yuni, 2016 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''Daga Tarin League na'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Agusta 25, 2023 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |- |} === Rediyo mai tsawo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Bayani |- ! scope="row" |''Waƙoƙi don Kashewa, Vol. 1'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Agusta 11, 2009 * Alamar: Canyon Productions * Tsarin: CD, sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''Santa ta sace Uwargida'' | * Ranar fitarwa: 26 ga Nuwamba, 2010 * Alamar: Dangerbird Records * Tsarin: Vinyl, sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''Kashe Sandan Ƙauna EP'' | * Ranar fitarwa: Afrilu 10, 2011 * Alamar: Dangerbird Records * Tsarin: CD, sauke kiɗa |- ! scope="row" |''Cikakken hutu''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Elektra |date=2023-11-10 |title=Fitz and The Tantrums Get Festive With 'Perfect Holiday' EP |url=https://www.antimusic.com/news/23/1110fitz_and_the_tantrums_get_festive_with_perfect_holiday_ep.shtml |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=www.antimusic.com |language=en}}</ref> | * Ranar fitarwa: Nuwamba 10, 2023 * Alamar: Elektra * Tsarin: sauke kiɗa |} == Ma'aurata == === A matsayin jagora mai zane === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:2em;" |Year ! colspan="10" scope="col" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:12em;" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<nowiki><br id="mwAVc"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Rock<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 10, 2014 |title=The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 10 March 2014 |url=http://www.aria.com.au/Issue1254.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=The ARIA Report |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]. [[Australian Web Archive]] |issue=1254 |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20140318130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20140319-0000/Issue1254.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-18 |access-date=August 17, 2016}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |AUT<br /><br /><ref name="AUT">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Fitz And The Tantrums - austriancharts |url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Fitz+And+The+Tantrums |access-date=April 18, 2017 |website=austriancharts.at}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |CAN<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |GER<br /><br /><ref name="GER">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Fitz and the Tantrums |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artist_search=Fitz+And+The+Tantrums&do_search=do |access-date=February 3, 2021 |publisher=GfK Entertainment}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |ITA<br /><br /><ref name="ITA">{{Cite web |title=History FIMI |url=https://www.fimi.it/top-of-the-music/history.kl#/history |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=fimi.it}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |KOR<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=2018년 09주차 Digital Chart |url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/online.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=ALL&targetTime=09&hitYear=2018&termGbn=week |access-date=June 29, 2021 |website=Gaon Chart |language=ko}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |RUS<br /><br /><ref name="TopHit">{{Cite web |title=Fitz And The Tantrums - TopHit - Highway To Airplay |url=https://tophit.com/artist/16374-fitz%20and%20the%20tantrums |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=TopHit |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304222400/https://tophit.com/artist/16374-fitz%20and%20the%20tantrums |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Winds of Change" | rowspan="3" |2010 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="5" align="center" |''Pickin' Up the Pieces'' |- ! scope="row" |"L.O.V." |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Breakin' the Chains of Love" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"MoneyGrabber" | rowspan="2" |2011 |— |33 |— |— |— |— |59 |— |— |— | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row" |"Don't Gotta Work It Out" |— |—{{Efn|"Don't Gotta Work It Out" did not enter the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart, but peaked at number 23 on the [[Adult Alternative Airplay]] chart.<ref name="US-AAA">{{cite magazine|url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=Fitz and the Tantrums|chart=Triple A}}|title=Fitz & the Tantrums Chart History – Adult Alternative Songs|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=June 29, 2021}}</ref>}} |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Out of My League" | rowspan="2" |2013 |—{{efn-ua|"[[Out of My League (song)|Out of My League]]" did not chart on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] but did peak at number 1 on the [[Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles]] chart, which is an extension of the Billboard Hot 100.<ref name="US-Bubbling-Under-Hot-100-singles">{{cite magazine | url={{BillboardURLbyName | artist=Fitz and the tantrums | chart=Bubbling Under Hot 100}} | title=Fitz & the Tantrums – Chart History: Bubbling Under Hot 100 | magazine=Billboard | accessdate=July 11, 2017}}</ref>}} |14 |— |— |65 |— |— |— |— |— | * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" /> * ARIA: 2× Platinum * BPI: Gold * IFPI AUT: Gold * MC: 3× Platinum<ref>{{Cite certification|title=Out of My League}}</ref> | rowspan="3" align="center" |''More than Just a Dream'' |- ! scope="row" |"The Walker" |67 |11 |91 |— |58 |— |— |— |— |— | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA" /> * MC: Platinum<ref>{{Cite certification|title=The Walker}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Fools Gold"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fool's Gold – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/music-video/fools-gold/961358309 |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> |2014 |— |26 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"HandClap" | rowspan="2" |2016 |53 |2 |— |55 |78 |59 |— |19 |9 |60 | * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA" /> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA24s" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI" /> * BVMI: Gold * IFPI AUT: Gold<ref name="IFPI AUT" /> * MC: 5× Platinum<ref>{{Cite certification|title=HandClap}}</ref> | rowspan="3" align="center" |''Fitz and the Tantrums'' |- ! scope="row" |"Roll Up"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll Up – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/music-video/roll-up/1170732044 |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> |— |47 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Fool"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fool – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/fool-single/1248988792 |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> |2017 |— |34 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"123456"<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2019 |title=123456 – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/123456-single/1455472728 |access-date=March 22, 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> | rowspan="5" |2019 |— |33 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="5" |''All the Feels'' |- ! scope="row" |"Don't Ever Let Em"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Don't Ever Let Em – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/dont-ever-let-em-single/1455971075 |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Need Help!"<ref>{{Cite web |title=I Need Help – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/i-need-help-single/1460854708 |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> |— |—{{Efn|"I Need Help!" did not enter the Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart, but peaked at number 11 on the [[Rock Digital Songs]] chart.<ref name="US-Rock-digital-singles">{{cite magazine | url={{BillboardURLbyName | artist=Fitz and the Tantrums | chart=Rock Digital Song Sales}} | title=Fitz & the Tantrums – Chart History: Rock Digital Song Sales | magazine=Billboard | accessdate=August 14, 2019}}</ref>}} |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"All the Feels"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fitz And The Tantrums Give "All The Feels" In Forthcoming Album, Title Track Video {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/fitz-and-tantrums-give-all-feels-forthcoming-album-title-track-video |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> |— |– |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Just Wanna Shine" |— |4 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Sway"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sway – Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/au/album/sway-single/1626363636 |access-date=July 6, 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2022 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |''Let Yourself Free'' |- ! scope="row" |"The Wrong Party"<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wrong Party – Single by Andy Grammer & Fitz and The Tantrums |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-wrong-party-single/1641358548 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><br /><br />{{Small|(with [[Andy Grammer]])}} |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |''Monster (Deluxe)'' |- ! scope="row" |"Give Love This Year"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-05 |title=Fitz And The Tantrums Announce New EP Perfect Holiday For November 2023 Release, Shares New Single “Give Love This Year” - |url=https://music.mxdwn.com/2023/11/05/news/fitz-and-the-tantrums-announce-new-ep-perfect-holiday-for-november-2023-release-shares-new-single-give-love-this-year/ |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=mxdwn Music |language=en-US}}</ref> |2023 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |''Perfect Holiday'' |- ! scope="row" |"No Goodbyes (Friends Forever)"<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Logan |date=2024-05-10 |title=Fitz and the Tantrums return with brand new nostalgic single |url=https://substreammagazine.com/2024/05/fitz-and-the-tantrums-return-with-new-single-no-goodbyes-friends-forever/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Substream Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> |2024 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | {{Non-album single}} |- | colspan="14" style="font-size:90%" |"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin mutane a matsayin mai zane-zane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Shekara ! colspan="3" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3.1em;font-size:90%;" |USDance<nowiki><br id="mwA08"></nowiki><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3.1em;font-size:90%;" |CIS<br /><ref name="TopHit"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3.1em;font-size:90%;" |RUS<br /><ref name="TopHit" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Broken Drum" {{Small|([[Cash Cash]] featuring Fitz of Fitz and the Tantrums)}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Broken Drum (feat. Fitz and the Tantrums) - Single by Cash Cash |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/7b09NcU5UqHUOFj2OwPk05 |access-date=June 1, 2023 |website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref><br /> |2016 |44 |89 |100 |''Jinin, gumi &amp;amp; Shekaru 3'' |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin 'yan wasa na gabatarwa, yana nuna shekarar da aka saki da sunan kundin ! scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! scope="col" style="width:2em;" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="row" |"Ƙaunataccen Mista Shugaban kasa" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fitz And The Tantrums – Dear Mr. President |url=https://www.discogs.com/Fitz-And-The-Tantrums-Dear-Mr-President/release/5698625 |access-date=August 9, 2016 |publisher=discogs}}</ref> |2011 | align="center" |''Ɗauki Kashi'' |- ! scope="row" |"Fitarwa" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spark - Single by Fitz and The Tantrums on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/om/album/spark-single/706362814 |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=Apple Music (US)}}</ref> |2013 | align="center" |''Fiye da Mafarki'' |- ! scope="row" |"Mai rikitarwa" |2016 | align="center" |''Fitz da Tantrums'' |- ! scope="row" |"Moneymaker" |2022 | align="center" |''Bari ka 'yantar da kanka'' |} == Sauran waƙoƙin zane == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:2em;" |Shekara ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |USRock<nowiki><br id="mwA6E"></nowiki><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Livin' don karshen mako" |2020 |40 |''Dukkanin Jin'' |} == Bidiyo == === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin bidiyon kiɗa, tare da daraktoci, suna nuna shekarar da aka saki ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" |Taken ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" |Darakta (s) |- ! scope="row" |"Hotunan Canji" |2009 |Edon & Fitz |- ! scope="row" |"MoneyGrabber" | rowspan="2" |2011 |Michael Mohan |- ! scope="row" |"Kada Ku Yi Aiki" |Charles Haine / Dirty Thief |- ! scope="row" |"LOV" |2012 |Eric Georgeson |- ! scope="row" |"Fitar da Ƙungiyar ta" | rowspan="2" |2013 |Jordan Bahat |- ! scope="row" |"The Walker" |Warren Kommers |- ! scope="row" |"Golden Wawaye" |2014 |Zak Stoltz |- ! scope="row" |"HandClap" | rowspan="2" |2016 |Marc Klasfeld |- ! scope="row" |"Roll Up" | {{Unknown}} |- ! scope="row" |"Wawaye" |2017 |Ɗan'uwa Willis |- ! scope="row" |"123456" | rowspan="5" |2019 |Jamie Thraves & Ofir Shoham |- ! scope="row" |"Kada Ka Bar Ni" | rowspan="4" |Rickett Sones |- ! scope="row" |"Ina bukatar taimako!" |- ! scope="row" |"Dukan Jin" |- ! scope="row" |"Ina so kawai in haskaka" |- ! scope="row" |"Yana yawo" |2022 |Taylor Kelly |- ! scope="row" |"Moneymaker" {{Small|(Phantogram Remix)}} |2023 |Creeptoons |} == Bayani == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o8pdxxqz1q65t9x1h9b32nkicektw70 Elizabeth Watkins (mai ba da agaji) 0 96748 891350 600624 2026-08-04T13:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elizabeth Josephine Watkins''' (1861-1939) ta kasance mai ba da agaji, wanda aka fi sani da tallafawa asibitoci da dakunan karatu a Lawrence, Kansas. An haife ta Elizabeth Josephine Miller a New Paris, Ohio a shekara ta 1861.<ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-09-28 |title=LAWRENCE IN PERSPECTIVE: Elizabeth Watkins |url=https://lawrencebusinessmagazine.com/2018/09/28/lawrence-in-perspective-elizabeth-watkins/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> Iyalinta sun koma Lawrence, Kansas a 1872, inda ta halarci makarantar shirye-shirye a Jami'ar Kansas. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Legacy of Elizabeth Miller Watkins |url=https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700634231 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=University Press of Kansas |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1875, mutuwar mahaifinta ta tilasta mata barin makaranta kuma ta sami aiki don tallafa wa iyalinta kudi.<ref>name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Extraordinary Life of Elizabeth Miller Watkins – Watkins Museum of History |url=https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.watkinsmuseum.org |archive-date=2023-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112054021/https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a J.B. Watkins Land and Mortgage Company, inda ta zama sakatariyar mai arziki da ya kafa kamfanin kuma shugaban, Jabez Bunting Watkins .<ref name=":2" /> A cikin 1909, mahaifiyar Elizabeth Miller ta mutu, kuma ta auri J.B. Watkins . <ref name=":1" /> J.B. ya mutu a 1921 kuma ya bar duk dukiyarsa ta dala miliyan 2.4 ga Elizabeth Watkins . <ref name=":1" /> Babban gudummawar Watkins sun haɗa da gina Watkins Scholarship Hall a KU (1926), Lawrence Memorial Hospital (1928), Watkins Memorial Hospital (1931), Watkins Nurses Home (1937), da Miller Scholarship hall a KU (1937). <ref>name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Extraordinary Life of Elizabeth Miller Watkins – Watkins Museum of History |url=https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.watkinsmuseum.org |archive-date=2023-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112054021/https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ "The Extraordinary Life of Elizabeth Miller Watkins – Watkins Museum of History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320085923/https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |date=2025-03-20 }}. ''www.watkinsmuseum.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta kuma ba da gudummawar Ginin Bankin Watkins ga Birnin Lawrence a 1929 (dukiyar da ta fara mallakar mijinta ta hanyar rawar da ya taka a matsayin shugaban Bankin Watkin). <ref name=":2" /> An yi amfani da wannan ginin a matsayin Lawrence City Hall har zuwa 1970, lokacin da aka sauya shi zuwa Douglas County Historical Society, wadda yanzu ke gudanar da Gidan Tarihi na Elizabeth Miller Watkins a can.<ref name=":2" /> Elizabeth Watkins ta mutu a shekara ta 1939.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Extraordinary Life of Elizabeth Miller Watkins – Watkins Museum of History |url=https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.watkinsmuseum.org |archive-date=2023-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112054021/https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ "The Extraordinary Life of Elizabeth Miller Watkins – Watkins Museum of History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320085923/https://www.watkinsmuseum.org/2022/06/the-life-and-legacy-of-elizabeth-miller-watkins/ |date=2025-03-20 }}. ''www.watkinsmuseum.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta ba da dukiya mai yawa ga Jami'ar Kansas, gami da gidanta, wanda yanzu shine gidan Shugaban kasa.<ref name=":2" /> Ana gudanar da takardunta tare da na mijinta a cikin KU Kenneth Spencer Research Library . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: J. B. Watkins papers {{!}} Kenneth Spencer Research Library Archival Collections |url=https://archives.lib.ku.edu/repositories/3/resources/2801 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=archives.lib.ku.edu}}</ref> == Ƙarin karantawa ==   == Manazarta == jusdprz5yqb50u4gpqmcs8xjllr6qtb Grace Mary Mugasa 0 97027 891556 827255 2026-08-05T02:37:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grace Mary Mugasa''' (''née'' '''Mugisa'''; an haife ta 28 Disamba 1968) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar [[Uganda]] wacce a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Ministar Jiha da Ayyukan Jama'a. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi |first=Byemboijana |date=March 4, 2022 |title=MPs Want Redundant Science Ministry Staff Incorporated Into Other Ministries |url=https://softpower.ug/mps-want-redundant-science-ministry-staff-incorporated-into-other-ministries/ |website=SoftPower News}}</ref> An naɗa ta a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni 2021, ta Shugaba [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]], ya naɗa ofishin a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=President Museveni names new cabinet |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/105545 |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda |date=2018-02-27 |title=Cabinet Members and Ministers of State as at 03 August 2021 |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/cabinet-members-and-ministers-state-03-august-2021 |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}</ref> Grace Mary ta karɓi mulki daga David Karubanga, tsohon minista kuma ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar Kigorobya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patrick |first=Mundua |date=2021-06-23 |title=The New Minister of State for Public Service takes office |url=https://publicservice.go.ug/the-new-minister-of-state-for-public-service-takes-office/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Ministry of Public Service |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin naɗin nata, ita ce mace ta farko Magajiyar Garin Hoima <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoima mayor to priotise roads, water |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1010926 |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssekika |first=Edward |title=Kadaga appeals to investors to invest in education |url=https://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=35092:-kadaga-appeals-to-investors-to-invest-in-education |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325114231/https://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=35092:-kadaga-appeals-to-investors-to-invest-in-education |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Oil drawing criminals - Hoima mayor {{!}} Uganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/oil-drawing-criminals-hoima-mayor-1541852?view=htmlamp |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.monitor.co.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Official Website |first=www.gracemarymugasa.com |title=Biography {{!}} Grace Mary Mugasa |url=https://www.gracemarymugasa.com/bio |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=GMM |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310145856/https://www.gracemarymugasa.com/bio |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conversation with Ms. Grace Mary Mugasa, Mayor of Hoima, Uganda |url=https://www.citiesalliance.org/resources/multimedia/videos/conversation-ms-grace-mary-mugasa-mayor-hoima-uganda |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Cities Alliance |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Mugasa Grace Mary {{!}} Speaker {{!}} ASU GSV Summit |url=https://www.asugsvsummit.com/speakers/mugasagracemary |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.asugsvsummit.com |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> kuma ta gan ta ta hanyar sauya sheka zuwa matsayin Birni a watan Yuli 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoima city unveiled |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1524642/hoima-city-unveiled |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Grace Mary Mugasa a Munteme, gundumar Hoima, yammacin Uganda a watan Disamba, 1968 ɗiya ce ga Pascal da Regina Rukanyanga. <ref name=":2"/> Tana da Difloma biyu a Ka'idodin Gudanar da Zamani, Gudanar da Tallace-tallace da Tallace-tallace daga Kwalejin Gudanar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]]. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Official Website |first=www.gracemarymugasa.com |title=Experience {{!}} Grace Mary Mugasa |url=https://www.gracemarymugasa.com/experience |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=GMM |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310145855/https://www.gracemarymugasa.com/experience |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> haka kuma ta yi Digiri na farko na Arts a fannin Dimokuraɗiyya da Nazarin Ci gaba da Jagoran Fasaha a Nazarin Ci Gaba daga [[Jami'ar shahidan Uganda|Jami'ar Shuhada ta Uganda]], Nkozi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily Monitor |date=2011-03-09 |title=Hoima's Mugasa makes her mark |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/hoima-s-mugasa-makes-her-mark-1487924 |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5" /> Mrs. Mugasa tana riƙe da takardar shedar inganta karfin shugabannin siyasa na cikin gida daga ICLD, Cibiyar ci gaban ƙasa da ƙasa ta ƙasar Sweden da kuma takardar shedar inganta jinsi a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] daga Isra'ila- MASHAV Golda Meir Centre Mt Carmel. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5" /> == Sana'a == Mugasa ta fara aikinta a matsayin malama a Ƙaramar Hukumar Kizirafumbi bayan ta samu O-Level a shekarar 1986. Bayan kammala karatun difloma biyu a Ka'idodin Gudanar da Zamani da Gudanar da Tallace-tallace & Tallace-tallace, ta zama mai koyar da al'umma kan ƙananan sana'o'i kuma ta mallaki ƙaramin kasuwanci da kanta. A shekara ta 2001, ta shiga [[Siyasa|harkokin siyasa]] inda ta tsaya takara aka zaɓe ta a matsayin kansila mace mai wakiltar mazaɓar Arewa a ƙaramar hukumar Hoima, gundumar Hoima. Ta riƙe muƙamin na tsawon shekaru 10 bayan sake zaɓen ta a shekara ta 2006. A cikin watan Yuli 2010, an ɗaukaka Majalisar Garin Hoima zuwa matsayin gundumomi, kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin magajiyar gari ta farko na gundumar Hoima a cikin watan Maris 2011 kuma daga baya aka sake zaɓen ta a shekara ta 2016. <ref name=":1"/> A babban zaɓen shekarar 2021, magajiyar gari mai ci a lokacin, Grace Mary ta tsaya takara a matsayin 'yar takara mai zaman kanta bayan zaɓen da aka yi ta cece-kuce tare da cin zarafi da magoya bayanta daga ɗaya daga cikin sansanin 'yan takarar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-20 |title=Hoima city mayoral elections: Police arrest 10 suspects |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/hoima-city-mayoral-elections-police-arrest-10-suspects/ |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Independent |date=2020-09-04 |title=Security beefed up in Kasese, Hoima, Mukono as NRM conducts primaries |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/security-beefed-up-in-kasese-hoima-mukono-as-nrm-conducts-primaries/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=The Independent |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Mary Mugasa Archives |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/grace-mary-mugasa/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Mugasa – Eizooba – Amakuru Ga'Bunyoro |url=https://eizooba.co.ug/tag/grace-mugasa/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uganda Radionetwork |date=2021-08-25 |title=Minister Mugasa Withdraws Election Petition filed Against Hoima City Mayor |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/minister-mugasa-withdraws-election-petition-filed-against-hoima-city-mayor |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Uganda Radio Network |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta fafata da wasu ‘yan takara uku inda Brian Kaboyo, mai riƙe da tuta na National Resistance Movement ta zama wacce ta yi nasara da kuri’u 12,451, sai Mugasa da kuri’u 12,298. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NRM's Brian Kaboyo Wins Hoima City Mayoral Race – Spice Fm Hoima |url=https://www.spicefmhoima.com/2021/01/21/nrms-brian-kaboyo-wins-hoima-city-mayoral-race/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sauran ‘yan takarar sun haɗa da Dan Kaija na jam’iyyar Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) wanda ya samu kuri’u 315, Rashid Tumusiime na jam’iyyar Unity Platform ya samu kuri’u 303 da Wyclif Tumusiime, Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) wanda ya zo na ƙarshe da kuri’u 215. Grace kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Majalisar Majalisun Duniya (GPM) <ref>{{Cite web |last=GPM |date=2021-10-22 |title=Grace Mary Mugasa, newest Honorary Member of the GPM |url=https://globalparliamentofmayors.org/grace-mary-mugasa-newest-honorary-member-of-the-gpm/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Global Parliament of Mayors |language=en-US}}</ref> a cikin shekarar 2016 kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin zartarwa na biyu na GPM har zuwa lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin minista a watan Yuni, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GPM |date=2021-06-22 |title=GPM Mayor Mugasa appointed Minister of State Public Service in Uganda |url=https://globalparliamentofmayors.org/gpm-mayor-mugasa-appointed-minister-of-state-public-service-in-uganda/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Global Parliament of Mayors |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta yi aiki a matsayin mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa daban-daban: HOFOKAM Ltd (kamfanin ƙananan kuɗi); Hukumar Sadarwa ta Diocese Katolika ta Hoima; Makarantar Kasuwancin Millennium; Kwalejin St. Andrea Kaahwa; Kitara Secondary School. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Grace Mary ta auri Aloysius Mugasa Adyeeri, kwararren kuma marubuci, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-20 |title=Mugasa Adyeri Aloysius books and biography - Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/author/mugasa-adyeri-aloysius/2590826 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Waterstones |publisher=Waterstones Booksellers Limited}}</ref> a halin yanzu Shugaban Hukumar Lotteries da Wasanni ta Kasa ta Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2019-07-20 |title=Board Of Directors |url=https://lgrb.go.ug/board-directors |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Lotteries and Gaming Regulatory Board Uganda |archive-date=2022-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610045645/https://lgrb.go.ug/board-directors |url-status=dead }}</ref> - matsayin da ya rike bayan ya yi ritaya a matsayin manajan darakta na Uganda Kolping Society. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-07-20 |title=50 years – 50 voices on the Kolping anniversary |url=https://www.kolping.net/en/news/50-years-50-voices-34/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Kolping International}}</ref> Ita uwa ce mai yara da jikoki da suka girma da kuma mai kula da marayu da yawa. Abubuwan da Grace ke so su ne daidaiton jinsi, da kuma yanayi mai tsabta. <ref name=":2"/> == Martaba == A lokacin da ta yi wa'adin zama magajiyar gari, Mary Grace Mugasa ta sami karɓuwa saboda hanyar da ta "ba ta da ma'ana" game da tsarin birni. Ta sami laƙabi a matsayin "Iron Lady" na Hoima a cikin mazaunan garin kuma an san ta da rashin haƙuri ga rikice-rikice da shara a kusa da birnin yayin da take ba da shawara don hanyoyin da suka dace, hanyoyin gini da aka tsara sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2011-03-09 |title=Hoima's Mugasa makes her mark |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/hoima-s-mugasa-makes-her-mark-1487924 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Monitor |publisher=Daily Monitor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017-03-13 |title=Hoima gets Extra Shs7b for development |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/hoima-gets-shs7b-for-development-1691974 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Monitor |publisher=Daily Monitor}}</ref> A lokacin da take magajiyar gari, Hoima ta ga canji ta hanyar gyara hedikwatar Municipal/City da kuma gina hanya tare da goyon bayan shirin Uganda Support to Municipal Infrastructure Development (USMID), wanda shirin rancen Bankin Duniya-IDA ya tallafawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-04-20 |title=Hoima,Oil city Uganda During Covid-19 Lock down Preview |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4VnTsxTdEE |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=YouTube |publisher=Kabalega TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2013-12-01 |title=USMID Program |url=https://mlhud.go.ug/projects/usmid-program/ |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Ministry of Lands, Housing & Urban Development |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308091141/https://mlhud.go.ug/projects/usmid-program/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |first=Johnbosco |date=2019-05-14 |title=Museveni to Commission Multi-billion Hoima Municipality Road Project |url=https://www.kampalapost.com/index.php/news/museveni-commission-multi-billion-hoima-municipality-road-project |access-date=2022-03-26 |website=Kampala Post |publisher=The Kampala Post |archive-date=2019-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819152546/http://kampalapost.com/index.php/news/museveni-commission-multi-billion-hoima-municipality-road-project |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-07-15 |title=USMID‌ ‌Projects Advancing ‌the‌ ‌Western‌ ‌Region‌, Increasing Property Values |url=https://realmuloodi.co.ug/usmid-projects-advancing-western-region-increasing-property-values/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Real Muloodi |publisher=Real Muloodi News Network}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, kusan shekara guda bayan ta yi aiki, ana gina hanyoyin da aka amince da su ga buƙatun Grace Mary ga shugaban ƙasa da kuma ci gaba da yin lobbying a birnin Hoima.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |first=Robert |date=2021-04-07 |title=Construction of sh30b roads kicks off in Hoima |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/97555 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |first=Amakuru |date=2021-04-07 |title=Roads in Hoima Town to be Tarmacked |url=https://eizooba.co.ug/roads-in-hoima-town-to-be-tarmacked/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306090232/http://eizooba.co.ug/roads-in-hoima-town-to-be-tarmacked/ |archive-date=6 March 2018 |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da hanyoyin da ke kaiwa da kewayen manyan cibiyoyin ibada - Our Lady of Lourdes Cathedral, [[Bujumbura]], St. Peter's Cathedral, Duhaga da masallacin Bwikya, Kinubi. == Duba kuma == * Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Uganda * Majalisar ministocin Uganda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] apq79k5rjypl668y8ah4wgqzj9avu69 Gertrude Njuba 0 97030 891531 601884 2026-08-04T22:52:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gertrude Njuba''' '[[Ɗan siyasa|yar siyasa]] ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda wacce ta kasance jigo a kungiyar gwagwarmaya ta ƙasa (NRA) a lokacin yakin Bush na Uganda inda ta riƙe muƙamin Kyaftin kuma ta yi suna da jarumta da jagoranci a fagen daga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Here are NRA's top 100 fighters |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/here-are-nra-s-top-100-fighters-1565000 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=Getrude Njuba: A silent influence |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/getrude-njuba-a-silent-influence-1527194 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a gwamnatin National Resistance Movement (NRM) da suka haɗa da ‘yar majalisa da mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Was To Lose In Kyadondo East |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women are cornerstone for society transformation - Maj (Rtd) Njuba |url=https://www.nrm.ug/news/women-are-cornerstone-society-transformation-maj-rtd-njuba |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Women are cornerstone for society transformation - Maj (Rtd) Njuba {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en |archive-date=2024-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409064815/https://www.nrm.ug/news/women-are-cornerstone-society-transformation-maj-rtd-njuba |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta samu lambobin yabo na ƙasa da dama saboda hidimar da ta yi wa Uganda da suka haɗa da Order of Nile, Order of the Pearl of Africa, da kuma lambar yabo ta Golden Jubilee. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lt. Gen. Museveni Rewards 82 Heroes |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba 1944 <ref name="auto"/> a Hoima ɗiya ce ga Bishop Yokana Mukasa da Norah Nakanywa Mukasa. Ta halarci Makarantar Mata ta Duhanga da [[Makarantar Kwalejin Makerere|Makarantar Kolejin Makerere]]. Ta auri Sam Kalega Njuba a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba 1964. <ref name="auto" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1981 ta shiga cikin yakin daji na NRA kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka samu horon soja don yin gwagwarmayar neman ‘yanci.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lubwama |first=Siraje |title=Gertrude Njuba Calls for Mass Demos Against MPs |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201609261114.html}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar majalisar gudanarwar shiyyar ciniki ta Lake Victoria, mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara kan harkokin siyasa da darektan gidan gwamnati kan al'amuran ƙasa. Bayan yakin daji na NRA, ta zama mataimakiyar ministar masana'antu a majalisar ministocin [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] na shekarar 1986. <ref name="auto"/> A cikin watan Satumban 2016, an lura da cewa ta yi fice wajen karfafa wa 'yan Uganda kwarin guiwa kan tituna a Kampala da kuma zanga-zangar nuna adawa da makuɗan kuɗaɗen da majalisar ta 10 ke kashewa kan motoci da jana'izozi. Sai dai ta yi adawa da zubar da aladu a cikin titin majalisar dokokin Uganda da matasan 'yan uwa marasa aikin yi suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-09 |title=Uganda's 'Piglet Protesters' say Their Work has Just Begun |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/uganda-piglet-protesters-say-their-work-has-just-begun/1953993.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-11 |title=Youth drop yellow, blue piglets at Parliament, protest Shs200m cars for MPs |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/youth-drop-yellow-blue-piglets-at-parliament-protest-shs200m-cars-for-mps-1666706 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020, ana zargin Gertrude wacce ta kasance mai bai wa shugaban ƙasa shawara a lokacin da ya haɗa baki da jami'an Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adinai don ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai a gundumar Mubende, yankin da gwamnati ta kori masu hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Otto |first=Alex |date= |title=Gertrude Njuba, Energy Ministry Face Probe over Mubende Mining Deal |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/gertrude-njuba-energy-ministry-face-probe-over-mubende-mining-deal- |access-date= |work=Uganda Radio Network}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] bxejlseox4gxqcm4kc9zynqkh6jaalf Hope Masike 0 97164 891659 731765 2026-08-05T11:26:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ruvimbo Hope Masike''' wanda aka fi sani da Hope Masike (an haife ta Satumba 9, 1984)<ref name="birth">{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialgazette.co.zw/hope-masike-meets-victor-kunonga/|title=Hope Masike meets Victor Kunonga|last=|first=|date=September 6, 2016|website=Financial Gazette|access-date=20 November 2019|archive-date=4 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104062855/https://www.financialgazette.co.zw/hope-masike-meets-victor-kunonga/|url-status=dead}}</ref> mawaƙin [[Zimbabwe]] ne kuma ɗan rawa. Ana kiranta da "Gimbiya Mbira " kuma waƙarta ta samo asali ne daga al'adun gargajiya da na zamani na Afirka . Hope kuma shine jagoran mawaƙa na Monoswezi .<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=4HGINDINMLMMGLSTRY000025039704&site=ehost-live|title=Monoswezi|last=Male|first=Howard|date=9 August 2015|work=Independent|access-date=27 April 2019|via=EBSCOhost|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ta fara karatun Fine Art a [[Harare]] Polytechnic.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=http://infinitymag.co.za/2016/10/19/interview-feature-rmeets-hopemasike-zimbabwes-mbira-princess/|title=Interview Feature: #RMeets: HopeMasike – Zimbabwe's Mbira Princess|date=19 October 2016|website=Infinity Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=22 November 2019}} {{dead link|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Masike — sadzaspace |url=https://sadzaspace.org/Hope-Masike |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=sadzaspace.org |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Hope ta sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Kiɗa na Zimbabwe inda ta karanta Ethnomusicology a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Zimbabwe <ref name=":9"/> kuma daga baya ta sami ci gaba a masana'antar kiɗa a 2008. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-10 |title=Zim's Hope Masike: More women should form, lead own bands |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zim%E2%80%99s-hope-masike-more-women-should-form-lead-own-bands |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=Music In Africa |language=en |archive-date=2019-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427175249/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/zim%25E2%2580%2599s-hope-masike-more-women-should-form-lead-own-bands |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Samukange |first=Tinotenda |date=2013-08-17 |others=report by Tinashe Sibanda |title=The return of Hope Masike |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/08/the-return-of-hope-masike/ |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427163934/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/08/the-return-of-hope-masike/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al'adun Afirka sun yi tasiri a waƙar bege, ciki har da [[Faransanci|harshen Faransanci]] da Lusophone na Afirka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mushawatu |first=Anesu |date=2018-08-31 |title=Masike set for mbira concert |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/08/masike-set-for-mbira-concert/ |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427163110/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2018/08/masike-set-for-mbira-concert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana da mahimmanci a gare ta ta kula da al'adun Afirka a cikin kiɗa, amma kuma ta "sabunta shi" don kiyaye shi da dacewa ga masu sauraronta. Ana kiranta da " Gimbiya Mbiri ." <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Ngwenya |first=Nhlalwenhle |date=14 June 2017 |title=Hope Masike celebrates 10 years in music in Byo |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/hope-masike-celebrates-10-years-in-music-in-byo/ |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=The Chronicle |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tun daga 2022, tana karatu don Jagoran Falsafa a Art tare da Jami'ar Arrupe Jesuit a Harare kuma tana karatun Faransanci tare da Alliance Française de Harare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TEDxSaoPaulo {{!}} TED |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/50831 |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.ted.com}}</ref> Masike ita ce ta farko da ta yi nasara a cikin Fitattun Mawakan Mawakan Mata na Zimbabuwe National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA) a cikin 2013. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2016-01-03 |title=BIOGRAPHY HOPE MASIKE |url=http://www.koraawards.com/en/music/biography-hope-masike/ |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=KORA |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427215613/http://www.koraawards.com/en/music/biography-hope-masike/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2016, an sake zaɓe ta a cikin rukunin Fitacciyar Mawaƙin Mata don NAMA kuma an zaɓi ta don Mafi kyawun Bidiyo don Kyautar KORA . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Nyathi |first=Xolisani |date=9 February 2016 |title=Hope Masike on cloud nine |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/hope-masike-on-cloud-nine/ |access-date=2019-04-27 |website=The Herald |language=en-GB}}</ref> An zabe ta a matsayin Onebeat Fellow a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Hope Masike |url=https://1beat.org/people/hope-masike/ |access-date=20 November 2019 |website=One Beat}}</ref> An ba da bege a matsayin jagorar wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo mai suna '''''Bongile <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chida |first=Precious |date=31 October 2019 |title=Top songbirds combine forces |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/10/top-songbirds-combine-forces/ |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=Newsday |archive-date=1 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101141524/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2019/10/top-songbirds-combine-forces/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>''''' wanda aka samo shi daga wani littafi mai suna Chiedza Makwara ya rubuta <ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Sarah |date=17 January 2018 |title=Bongile: Journey to Redemption (Book Review) |url=https://www.zimbojam.com/bongile-journey-redemption/ |access-date=22 October 2019 |website=ZimboJam }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == === Albums === * ''Hope'' (2009) * ''Mbira, Love & Chocolate'' (2012) * ''The Exorcism of a Spinster'' (Riverboat Records/ World Music Network, 2019)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majange |first=Kimberley |date=26 July 2019 |title=Masike to launch third album |url=https://www.hmetro.co.zw/masike-to-launch-third-album/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516094339/https://www.hmetro.co.zw/masike-to-launch-third-album/ |archive-date=2023-05-16 |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=H-Metro |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Albums na Monoswezi === * ''The Village'' (2013) * ''Monoswezi Yenga'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caldwell |first=Rob |date=24 April 2014 |title=Monoswezi: Monoswezi Yanga |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/monoswezi-yanga-monoswezi-riverboat-review-by-rob-caldwell.php |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=All About Jazz |language=en}}</ref> * ''A Je'' (2017) === Ɗaiɗaiku === * ''Kwira Gomo'' (2016) * ''Ndinewe'' (Blah Ent, 2016) * ''Idenga'' (Riverboat Records/ World Music Network, 2019) === Haɗuwa === * ''Boombap Idioponics'' tare da DJ Oil and The Monkey Nuts (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015 |title=Boombap Idiophonics |url=https://www.bbemusic.com/downloads/boombap-idiophonics/ |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=BBE Music}}</ref> * ''Zenzele" tare da Mahube'' (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndemera |first=Brandon Tonderai |date=21 July 2019 |title=Hope Masike readies new album |url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2019/07/21/hope-masike-readies-new-album/ |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=The Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyauta == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Kyaututtuka/Gabatarwa |- | 2013 | Kyaututtukan Yabo na Fasaha na Ƙasa (NAMA) - Zaɓe don Fitacciyar Mawaƙin Mata <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Leslyic |date=4 December 2016 |title=Mbira Star Hope Masike to Headline Zim Achievers South Africa |url=http://www.zimachievers.com/sa/mbira-star-hope-masike-to-headline-zim-achievers-south-africa/ |access-date= |website=Zimbabwe Achievers Awards }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2015 | Kyaututtukan Ƙirar Ƙwararru na Ƙasa (NAMA) - Wanda ya ci nasara don Mafi kyawun Bidiyon Kiɗa 'Huyai Tinamate' <ref name=":8" /> |- | 2016 | KORA - Nadin Mafi kyawun Bidiyo 'Huyai Tinamate' <ref name=":6"/> |- | 2018 | National Arts Merit Awards (NAMA) - Nasara don Fitaccen Haɓaka Allon allo - Cikakken Tsawon Fim 'Mace Daya da Mbira' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chekai |first=Lemuel |date=1 February 2018 |title=Zimbabwe: NAMA 2018 Nominees List Out |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201802020500.html |access-date=20 November 2019 |website=All Africa}}</ref> |- | 2018 | Kyautar Kyautar Zimbabuwe's Achievers - Zaɓe don Mawallafin Kiɗa na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngorimwa |first=Celeste |date=13 February 2019 |title=Hope Masike to give a live in concert on Valentines Day! |url=http://oyos.news/hope-masike-to-give-a-live-in-concert-on-valentines-day |access-date=22 November 2019 |website=Oyos News}}</ref> |} == Magana == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ts531zr3qd5s4h1b5flsu60reyd8ca4 Faith Nakut 0 97447 891389 604415 2026-08-04T16:12:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faith Nakut''' wacce aka fi sani da '''''Nakut Faith Loru Chuna''''' 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda kuma mace 'yar majalisar dokokin Uganda mai wakiltar gundumar Napak a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Julius |date=2024-01-17 |title=Napak Woman MP Nakut Faith led peace talks among Pian and Bakora {{!}} tndNews |url=https://tndnewsuganda.com/2024/01/17/napak-wmp-nakut-faith-led-peace-talks-among-pian-and-bakora/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=tndnewsuganda.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Waswa">{{Cite web |last=Waswa |first=Samson |date=2024-02-09 |title=Speaker Tayebwa calls for urgent meeting over MPs’ questionable dress code |url=https://www.pulse.ug/news/speaker-tayebwa-calls-for-urgent-meeting-over-mps-questionable-dress-code/mmtxyr3 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Inside government’s new Shs15 trillion plan for Karamoja |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-government-s-new-shs15-trillion-plan-for-karamoja-4685590 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development |url=https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NAKUT FAITH LORU - UGLEADER |url=https://ugleader.com/leader/1017/nakut-faith-loru |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=ugleader.com}}</ref> == Ofishin siyasa == A cikin shekarar 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Julius |date=2024-01-17 |title=Napak Woman MP Nakut Faith led peace talks among Pian and Bakora {{!}} tndNews |url=https://tndnewsuganda.com/2024/01/17/napak-wmp-nakut-faith-led-peace-talks-among-pian-and-bakora/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=tndnewsuganda.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Waswa"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Inside government’s new Shs15 trillion plan for Karamoja |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-government-s-new-shs15-trillion-plan-for-karamoja-4685590 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |date=2024-07-04 |title=Uganda: Museveni Leaves Legislators Grambling Over Govt Priority |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202407040045.html |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=Nile Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development |url=https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> ta umurci Ma'aikatar Lafiya da ta binciki ƙaruwar mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a yankin Moroto sakamakon mutuwar Sarah Nadiye, mace ta 12 da ta mutu a shekarar 2024 a yankin Karamoja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs raise concern over high maternal deaths in Karamoja – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/news-amp-updates/mps-raise-concern-over-high-maternal-deaths-in-karamoja/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=parliamentwatch.ug}}</ref> Ta roki majalisar dokokin Uganda da ta yi watsi da manufar ma'aikatar ilimi da ta bukaci dukkan malaman renon yara su sami digiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Napak-woman-MP-urges-parliament-to-reject-policy-that-mandates-degrees-for-nursery-school-teachers-uB7oI/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=atekerfm.com |archive-date=2026-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260310070255/https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Napak-woman-MP-urges-parliament-to-reject-policy-that-mandates-degrees-for-nursery-school-teachers-uB7oI/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi tsokaci kan ƙarancin karatu a yankin Karamoja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karamoja MPs fault govt on low literacy levels in region |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_165220 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2024-02-06 |title=NRM's Todwong urges Karimojongs on peace building |url=https://thecooperator.news/nrm-s-todwong-urges-karimojongs-on-peace-building/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The Cooperator News |language=en-US}}</ref> Faith Nakut kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a Kwamitin Kuɗi, Kwamitin Kayayyakin Jiki, da Kwamitin Kula da Jama'a (Ƙananan Hukumomi) a Majalisar Dokokin Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> Ta kuma bayar da shawarar hana fataucin yara a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon Faith Nakut – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/tag/hon-faith-nakut |access-date=2024-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda * Majalisar Uganda * gundumar Napak * National Resistance Movement == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Uganda] * [https://x.com/faithchuna1?lang=en Nakut Faith Loru Chuna on Twitter] * [https://www.signalhire.com/profiles/faith-nakut-chuna%27s-email/159606795 Imel & waya ta Faith Nakut Chuna] * https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=371336 * https://dailyexpress.co.ug/topics/faith-nakut/ == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d0iul34gdhhuh3zwet4xt15dvn1g0et Flora Natumanya 0 97797 891433 705452 2026-08-04T18:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Natumanya_Flora.jpg|thumb| Natumanya Flora]] '''Flora Natumanya''' 'yar siyasar ƙasar Uganda ce, 'yar majalisa kuma wakiliyar mata a gundumar Kikuube a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNRA staff cited in disputes |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/114058 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title=Inside Oulanyah's hunt for Speaker job |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-oulanyah-s-hunt-for-speaker-job--3314162 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Natumanya Flora - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/may-2017-kagoma-mp-by-election/candidates/natumanya-flora-10418/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Tushabe |first=Nasa |date=2021-01-18 |title=Full List of Winners and Losers of 2021 Member of Parliament Elections |url=https://pearlpost.co.ug/news/politics/list-of-winners-and-losers-of-2021-member-of-parliament-elections/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Pearl Post |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308132912/https://pearlpost.co.ug/news/politics/list-of-winners-and-losers-of-2021-member-of-parliament-elections/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the 11th Parliament of Uganda |url=https://frontnewsonline.com/members-of-the-11th-parliament-of-uganda/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Frontnews Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819073346/https://frontnewsonline.com/members-of-the-11th-parliament-of-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita mamba ce ta jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement (NRM). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resolutions of the National Resistance Movement Central Executive Committee |url=https://www.nrm.ug/news/resolutions-national-resistance-movement-central-executive-committee |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Resolutions of the National Resistance Movement Central Executive Committee {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016145758/https://www.nrm.ug/news/resolutions-national-resistance-movement-central-executive-committee |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-14 |title=NRM CEC Confirms Rukutana, Muheesi, Rwamirama Victory |url=https://chimpreports.com/nrm-cec-confirms-rukutana-muheesi-rwamirama-victory/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Natumanya ta doke Tophas Kahwa a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar NRM don zama mai riƙe da tutar jam'iyyar NRM a zaɓen kasa na shekarar 2021, zaɓen da ta yi nasara ta zama wakiliyar mata a gundumar Kikuube a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title="I beat Tophas Kahwa in this Election" Flora Natumanya – Eizooba – Amakuru Ga'Bunyoro |url=https://eizooba.co.ug/i-beat-tophas-kahwa-in-this-election-flora-natumanya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505043109/https://eizooba.co.ug/i-beat-tophas-kahwa-in-this-election-flora-natumanya/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date=2022-04-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta zauna a kwamitin majalisar dokoki kan muhalli da albarkatun ƙasa a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on Environment and Natural Resources – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-environment-and-natural-resources/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Natumanya ta yi tambaya game da abin da gwamnatin Uganda za ta yi don rage yawan amfani da yashi a zaman kwamitin kula da muhalli da albarkatun ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Govt plans to gazette sand as a mineral |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-plans-to-gazette-sand-as-a-mineral--3646202 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Gov't Considers Gazetting Sand, Murram As Minerals |url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/govt-considers-gazetting-sand-murram-as-minerals/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Business Focus |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=SAND AND MURRUM TO BE GAZETTED AS MINERALS-MINISTER LOKERIS |url=https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Endyigito FM |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016145816/https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sauran ayyuka == Natumanya ta ba da gudummawar motocin salon salon guda biyar ga mutanen da za su yi amfani da su a zaman motocin aikin jinya a gundumar Kikuube. Ta kuma shaida wa al’ummar gundumar Kikuube cewa motocin za ta yi amfani da su ne kuma ita ce za ta biya wa direbobin waɗannan motocin kuɗin aikinsu na tuki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Gov't Considers Gazetting Sand, Murram As Minerals |url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/govt-considers-gazetting-sand-murram-as-minerals/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Business Focus |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=SAND AND MURRUM TO BE GAZETTED AS MINERALS-MINISTER LOKERIS |url=https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Endyigito FM |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016145816/https://endigyitofm.com/2021/12/09/sand-and-murrum-to-be-gazetted-as-minerals-minister-lokeris/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-26 |title=MP Flora Natumanya donates 5 salon cars to act as medical vans in Kikuube District |url=https://www.nowippress.com/2021/09/26/mp-flora-natumanya-donates-5-salon-cars-to-act-as-medical-vans-in-kikuube-district/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Nowip Press |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204051135/https://www.nowippress.com/2021/09/26/mp-flora-natumanya-donates-5-salon-cars-to-act-as-medical-vans-in-kikuube-district/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6wmltezii1966m5fxmbxfa1ws29w3ki Hertha (mujallar) 0 97819 891653 606437 2026-08-05T10:36:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hertha mujallar mata ce ta harshen Yaren mutanen Sweden da Ƙungiyar Fredrika Bremer ta buga, ( Swedish : Fredrika Bremer Förbundet, taƙaice FBF ) mai suna bayan marubucin Sweden kuma marubucin mata Fredrika Bremer 's Hertha . Yana gudana tun 1914. == Tarihi da bayanin martaba == An kafa ''Hertha'' a cikin 1914 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Husz |first=Orsi |year=2023 |title=The Birth of the Finance Consumer: Feminists, Bankers and the Re-Gendering of Finance in Mid-Twentieth-Century Sweden |journal=[[Contemporary European History]] |page=9 |doi=10.1017/s0960777323000383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> kuma an buga shi akai-akai har zuwa 1999. A wannan lokacin yana fitowa kowane wata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Katarina Leppänen |year=2009 |title=The Conflicting Interests of Women's Organizations and the League of Nations on the Question of Married Women's Nationality in the 1930s |journal=NORA—Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research |volume=17 |issue=4 |page=250 |doi=10.1080/08038740903153153}}</ref> Tsakanin 2001 da 2005 an buga shi ta hanyar lambobi kawai, kuma a cikin 2009 an buga batun ranar tunawa a cikin bugawa. Tun daga 2015, ana buga batutuwa biyu a kowace shekara. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nordenstam |first=Anna |title=Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek: Hertha: tidskrift för den svenska kvinnorörelsen |url=http://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/kvinnotidskrifter/hertha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116170906/http://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/kvinnotidskrifter/hertha/ |archive-date=2021-11-16 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Gothenburg University |language=sv}}</ref> Ita ce mujallar mata mafi tsufa a duniya, ci gaba na ''Bita na Gida'' wanda aka kafa a 1859. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-04 |title=Från Hertha till Darling – 150 år med kvinnors tidskrifter |url=https://www.umu.se/nyheter/fran-hertha-till-darling--150-ar-med-kvinnors-tidskrifter_5837306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515164555/https://www.umu.se/nyheter/fran-hertha-till-darling--150-ar-med-kvinnors-tidskrifter_5837306/ |archive-date=2022-05-15 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Umeå University |language=sv}}</ref> Hertha ita ce magajin mujallar ''Dagny'', wadda aka fara a lokacin da [[Sophie Adlersparre]] ta kafa Ƙungiyar Fredrika Bremer a 1884. Tarihin mujallar ya samo asali ne tun 1859, lokacin da Sophie Adlersparre da [[Rosalie Olivecrona|Rosalie Roos]] suka buga ''Tidskrift för hemmet'' ('Bita na Gida') don "ba da ilimi da fahimta ga mata a fagen ruhaniya". ''Hertha'', kamar magabata ''Home Review'' da ''Dagny'', ya ƙunshi sanarwar ƙungiyoyi, labarai game da zamantakewa na yau da kullum, al'adu, tattalin arziki da ɗabi'a, da kuma labaran game da daidaiton jinsi. == Editoci da masu ba da gudummawa == Editan mujallar daga farkonsa har zuwa 1932 shine Ellen Kleman . <ref name=":0"/> Daga cikin marubutan Hertha a cikin shekarun farko na farko akwai Elin Wägner, Emilia Fogelklou, Lydia Wahlström, Klara Johanson, Gurli Linder da Ida von Plomgren . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordenstam |first=Anna |title=Äldre svenska kvinnotidskrifter |url=http://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/kvinnotidskrifter/historik/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116165525/http://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/kvinnotidskrifter/historik/ |archive-date=2021-11-16 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Gothenburg University |language=sv}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1914 |title=Hertha : tidskrift för den svenska kvinnorörelsen / (Årg. 1, N:r 9) |url=https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/61880 |journal=Hertha}}</ref> Margareta von Konow ta zama edita a cikin 1933, ta kasance a cikin rawar har zuwa 1948. Ta kuma zama sakatariyar kwamiti a kwamitin rediyo na kungiyoyin mata na Sweden (1933-1937), wanda FBF ta kafa lokacin da von Konow ya yi watsi da kalubalantar ministar sadarwa kan rashin kasancewar mata a cikin binciken gwamnati kan sabuwar fasahar – rediyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Margareta Isabella von Konow |url=http://skbl.se/en/article/EmmaMargaretaIsabellavonKonow |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=[[Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon]] |language=en}}</ref> Manyan masu ba da gudummawa a cikin 1960s sune Birgitta Dahl da wasu mata daga Social Democratic Party . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leila Brännström |last2=Markus Gunneflo |year=2022 |title=Swedish Foreign Policy Feminisms: Women, Social Democracy and Capitalism |journal=Australian Feminist Law Journal |page=19 |doi=10.1080/13200968.2022.2088189 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 2000s, masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da {{Interlanguage link|Lawen Mohtadi|sv}}, Ebba Witt-Brattström, {{Interlanguage link|Kristina Hultman|sv}}, Barbro Hedvall, Kajsa Ekis Ekman da [[Parvin Ardalan]] (a cikin bugu na 2009-2014). Tun daga 2019, Camilla Wagner ita ce babban editan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tidskriften Hertha |url=https://fredrikabremer.se/tidskriften-hertha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501074638/https://fredrikabremer.se/tidskriften-hertha/ |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Fredrika Bremer-förbundet |language=sv-SE}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * <nowiki><i id="mwaQ">Idun</i></nowiki> (mujallar) * {{Lang|sv|[[Morgonbris]]}} * {{Lang|sv|[[Rösträtt för kvinnor]]}} * {{Lang|sv|[[Tidevarvet]]}} == Manazarta == === Bayanan kula === {{Reflist}} === Tushe === *   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons-inline}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100811102837/http://www.fredrikabremer.se/artikel.asp?strukturid=53 About ''Hertha'' on the Fredrika Bremer Association's website] * [http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinn/digtid/06/ Facsimile of ''Hertha'' 1914–1935 at Gothenburg University Library's website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212044051/https://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/digtid/06/ |date=2025-02-12 }} [[Rukuni:Matakin farko na gwagwarmayar ‘yancin mata a Sweden]] m96kyj4lm8rjvzc89yb4atkzi186sxo Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli 0 97824 891635 859143 2026-08-05T09:26:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File: Boy drinks from a tap at a NEWAH WASH water project in Puware Shikhar, Udayapur District, Nepal. (10677936093).jpg|thumb|Yaro na Shan Ruwa a famfo a wani aikin Ruwa a NEWAH WASH water project in Nepal]] [[File:Sanitation work 3.jpg|thumb| masu tsaftar muhalli a Najeriya]] ''''yancin ɗan adam na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli''' ('''HRWS''') nau'in ƙa'ida ce da ke bayyana cewa tsaftar shan ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli na duniya ne Haƙƙin ɗan Adam | Haƙƙin ɗan adam saboda babban mahimmancin da suke da shi wajen raya rayuwar kowane mutum. [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta amince da shi a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2010. An amince da HRWS a cikin dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam, sanarwa da sauran ka'idoji. Wasu masu sharhi sun kafa hujja kan wanzuwar haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa a duniya bisa dalilai masu zaman kansu ba tare da ƙudurin babban taron shekarar 2010, ba, kamar sashe na 11.1 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu (ICESCR); daga cikin waɗancan masu sharhi, waɗanda suka yarda da kasancewar ius cogens na duniya kuma suna la'akari da shi ya haɗa da tanade-tanaden Alkawari sun ɗauka cewa irin wannan haƙƙin ƙa'idar doka ce ta duniya. Sauran yarjejeniyoyin da suka amince da HRWS a fili sun haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 1979, kan Kawar da Duk Wani nau'i na Wariya ga Mata<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/tag/hakkin-dan-adam/</ref>. (CEDAW) da 1989, Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin Yara (CRC). Kwamitin [[Duk Majalisar Jama'a|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a da Al'adu ne ya fitar da mafi kyawun ma'anar 'yancin ɗan adam na ruwa a cikin Gabaɗaya Comment 15 da aka tsara a cikin shekarar alif 2002. Fassarar da ba ta ɗaure ba ce cewa samun ruwa ya kasance sharadi ne don jin daɗin haƙƙin madaidaicin yanayin rayuwa. wanda ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin ma'aunin lafiya mafi girma, don haka haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ya ce: “Haƙƙin ɗan adam na ruwa yana ba kowa damar samun wadatar. lafiyayye, karɓuwa, ruwa mai araha da araha don amfanin mutum da na gida. Babban taron [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne suka zartar da kuduri na farko game da HRWS a shekarar 2010. Sun bayyana cewa akwai haƙƙin tsaftar muhalli da ke da alaƙa da haƙƙin ɗan adam na [[ruwa]], tunda rashin tsaftar muhalli yana rage ingancin ruwa a kasa. don haka tattaunawar ta gaba ta ci gaba da jaddada haƙƙoƙin biyu tare. A cikin Yuli 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) Resolution 64/292 ya sake tabbatar da 'yancin ɗan adam na samun aminci, mai araha, da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da sabis na tsafta. A yayin wancan babban taron, ya bayyana cewa, domin fahimtar jin dadin rayuwa da dukkan hakkokin bil'adama. tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai tsafta da kuma tsafta an amince da shi a matsayin hakkin dan Adam. Kudirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 64/292 na ‘yancin dan Adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli ya tada batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin gwamnati na sarrafawa da alhakin tabbatar da wannan ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Shirin raya kasashe na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa, sanin muhimmancin samun dogaro da tsaftataccen ruwan sha da ayyukan tsafta, zai inganta fadada ci gaban rayuwa mai koshin lafiya. Wani kuduri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka yi wa kwaskwarima a shekarar 2015, ya nuna cewa hakokin biyu sun bambanta amma daidai suke. HRWS ta tilasta wa gwamnatoci su tabbatar da cewa mutane za su iya jin daɗin inganci, samuwa, m, m, kuma mai araha ruwa da tsafta. Samar da ruwa yana la'akari da girman abin da farashin ruwa ya zama mai hanawa wanda zai buƙaci mutum ya sadaukar da damar samun wasu kayayyaki da ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Samun damar ruwa yana la'akari da lokacin da aka ɗauka, dacewa don isa ga tushen da kuma haɗarin da ke tattare da samun zuwa tushen ruwa. Dole ne ruwa ya kasance mai isa ga kowane ɗan ƙasa, ma'ana kada ruwa ya wuce mita 1,000 ko ƙafa 3,280 kuma dole ne ya kasance cikin mintuna 30. Samun ruwa yana la'akari da ko samar da ruwa yana samuwa a cikin adadi mai yawa, abin dogaro kuma mai dorewa. Ingancin ruwa yana la'akari da ko ruwa yana da aminci don amfani, gami da sha ko wasu ayyuka. Don yarda da ruwa, dole ne kada ya kasance da wani wari kuma kada ya ƙunshi kowane launi. ICESCR na buƙatar ƙasashe masu sanya hannu don ci gaba da ci gaba da mutunta duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam, ciki har da na ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Ya kamata su yi aiki cikin sauri da inganci don haɓaka dama da haɓaka sabis.<ref name=":1" /> == Mahallin Duniya == Shirin WHO/UNICEF na hadin gwiwa kan Samar da Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli ya bayyana cewa mutane miliyan 663 ba su da damar samun ingantaccen ruwan sha, kuma fiye da biliyan 2.4 ba su da damar samun aiyukan tsafta na asali a shekarar 2015.<ref name="JMP report 2013">[http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703112631/https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf|date=3 July 2017}} ,2015 report of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation</ref> Samun ruwan tsabta babban matsala ne a sassan duniya da dama. Hanyoyin da aka amince da su sun hada da "haɗin gidaje, bututun jama’a, ramin rijiyoyi da aka kare, ruwan rijiya da aka kare, ruwan tushe da aka kare da kuma tarin ruwan sama."<ref name="ref1">General Assembly Declares Access to Clean Water and Sanitation Is a Human Right." UN News Center. 28 July 2010. Accessed 20 March 2014.</ref> Duk da cewa kashi 9% na al’ummar duniya ba su da damar samun ruwa, akwai "yankuna da suka fi jinkiri, kamar Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara".<ref name="ref1" /> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kara jaddada cewa "kimanin yara miliyan 1.5 ‘yan kasa da shekaru biyar suna mutuwa a kowace shekara kuma an rasa kwanakin makaranta miliyan 443 saboda cututtukan da suka shafi ruwa da tsafta."<ref name="ref2">Global Issues at the United Nations." UN News Center. n.d. Accessed 20 March 2014.</ref> A shekarar 2022, fiye da mutane biliyan 2, wato kashi 25% na al’ummar duniya, ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai tsabta a kai a kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transforming Water Access: How the "World's Lifeblood" is Under Attack. |url=https://www.usglc.org/blog/transforming-water-access-how-the-worlds-lifeblood-is-under-attack/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=USGLC |language=en-US}}</ref> Mutane biliyan 4.2 ba su da damar samun aiyukan tsafta masu aminci.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=SeventhQueen |last2=Wolf |first2=Jared |date=8 June 2022 |title=The truth behind clean water in Africa 2022 |url=https://sustainablereview.com/billions-still-lack-access-to-clean-water-2022/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=Sustainable Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Advocacy |first=W. V. |date=22 March 2022 |title=How Improving Clean Water Access Can Fight Global Hunger |url=https://worldvisionadvocacy.org/2022/03/22/clean-water-global-hunger/ |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=World Vision Advocacy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Building access to clean water in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6 {{!}} UNICEF Supply Division |url=https://www.unicef.org/supply/stories/building-access-clean-water-support-sustainable-development-goal-6 |access-date=16 June 2023 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2024, sabbin kididdiga sun nuna karuwar matsalar, inda mutane biliyan 4.4 a kasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaici ba su da damar samun ruwan sha mai aminci a gidajensu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Greenwood |first1=Esther E. |last2=Lauber |first2=Thomas |last3=van den Hoogen |first3=Johan |last4=Donmez |first4=Ayca |last5=Bain |first5=Robert E. S. |last6=Johnston |first6=Richard |last7=Crowther |first7=Thomas W. |last8=Julian |first8=Timothy R. |date=16 August 2024 |title=Mapping safe drinking water use in low- and middle-income countries |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adh9578 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=385 |issue=6710 |pages=784–790 |doi=10.1126/science.adh9578 |pmid=39146419 |bibcode=2024Sci...385..784G |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Celia |date=15 August 2024 |title=More than 4 billion people don't have access to clean water at home |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/367224/clean-drinking-water-access-four-billion-science-study |access-date=30 August 2024 |website=Vox |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tushen shari'a da amincewa == Yurjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) ta shekarar 1966 ta tsara haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu da aka samu a cikin Sanarwar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta shekarar 1948. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan takaddun farko da ya fito fili ya amince da haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Sai dai, da yawa daga cikin yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa na baya sun ƙunshi sassa da suka fito fili suka amince da haƙƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. * Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Wani Nau'in Nuna Bambanci Ga Mata (CEDAW) ta shekarar 1979 tana da Mataki na 14.2 wanda ke bayyana cewa "ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa za su ɗauki duk wani mataki da ya dace don kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata a yankunan karkara don tabbatar da cewa, a kan daidaito tsakanin maza da mata, sun shiga kuma sun amfana daga ci gaban karkara, kuma musamman za su tabbatar wa mata haƙƙin: ... (h) Don morar ingantattun yanayin rayuwa, musamman dangane da gidaje, tsaftar muhalli, wutar lantarki da samar da ruwa, sufuri da sadarwa."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Text of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women |publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> * Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Yara (CRC) ta shekarar 1989 tana da Mataki na 24 wanda ke tanadin cewa "ɓangarorin sun amince da haƙƙin yaro na morar mafi girman matsayi na lafiya da za a iya samu da kuma kayan aiki don magance rashin lafiya da dawo da lafiya ... 2. Jihohin da ke cikin yarjejeniyar za su himmatu wajen ganin an aiwatar da wannan haƙƙi cikakku, kuma musamman, za su ɗauki matakan da suka dace... (c) Don yaƙar cututtuka da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, gami da tsarin kula da lafiya na farko, ta hanyar, inter alia... samar da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftataccen ruwan sha..."<ref>The full text of the Convention on the rights of the child is available at: {{cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |date=20 November 1989 |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm |access-date=21 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611182141/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm |archive-date=11 June 2010 }}.</ref> * Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Guragu da Masu Bukata Ta Musamman (CRPD) ta shekarar 2006 tana da Mataki na 28(2)(a) wanda ke buƙatar cewa "ɓangarorin sun amince da haƙƙin guragu na samun kariya ta zamantakewa da kuma morar wannan haƙƙi ba tare da nuna bambanci ba saboda nakasa, kuma za su ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kiyayewa da haɓaka tabbatar da wannan haƙƙi, gami da matakan tabbatar da daidaiton damar samun ayyukan tsaftataccen ruwa ga guragu, da kuma tabbatar da samun damar yin amfani da ayyuka masu dace da sauƙin kuɗi, na'urori da sauran agaji don buƙatun da suka shafi nakasa."<ref>The text of the Convention is available here: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities</ref> "Kundin Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Ƙasa da Ƙasa" - wanda ya ƙunshi Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR) ta 1966; Matani na 11 da 12 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR) ta 1966; da kuma Mataki na 25 na Sanarwar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya (UDHR) ta 1948 ya rubuta juyin halittar haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da sauran haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa da ruwa don a amince da su a cikin dokokin duniya.<ref>Gupta, J., Ahlers, R., and Ahmed, L. 2010. The human right to water: Moving towards consensus in a fragmented world. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 19(3), 294–305</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Meier|first1=Benjamin Mason|last2=Kayser|first2=Georgia|last3=Amjad|first3=Urooj|last4=Bartram|first4=Jamie|date=15 November 2012|title=Implementing an Evolving Human Right Through Water and Sanitation Policy |journal=Water Policy |volume=15 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2015424|language=en|location=Rochester, N.Y.|ssrn=2015424}}</ref> Malamai kuma sun jawo hankali ga mahimmancin yuwuwar amincewar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ga haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙarshen ƙarni na ishirin. Ƙoƙarin farko guda biyu na bayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa sun fito ne daga farfesan shari'a Stephen McCaffrey na Jami'ar Pacific (University of the Pacific) a shekarar 1992<ref name=":2">[http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/gintenlr5&div=7&id=&page=], McCaffrey, S.C. "A Human Right to Water: Domestic and International Implications" (1992) V Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Issue 1, pp.1-24.</ref> da kuma Dr. Peter Gleick a shekarar 1999.<ref name="pacinst.org">[http://pacinst.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2012/10/basic_water_needs_human_right_to_water.pdf], Gleick, P.H. "The Human Right to Water" (1999) Water Policy, Vol. 1, Issue 5, pp. 487-503.</ref> McCaffrey ya bayyana cewa "Irin wannan haƙƙi ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na haƙƙin samun abinci ko abin dogaro da rayuwa, haƙƙin lafiya, ko kuma mafi mahimmanci, haƙƙin rayuwa.<ref name=":2" /> Gleick ya ƙara da cewa: "samun damar yin amfani da buƙatun ruwa na yau da kullum haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam na asali wanda dokokin duniya, sanarwa, da ayyukan Jihohi ke tallafawa a kaikaice da kuma kai tsaye."<ref name="pacinst.org" /> Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (CESCR) wanda ke kula da bin ka'idojin ICESCR ya cimma matsaya madaidaiciya da ta waɗannan malamai a cikin Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15 (General Comment 15) a shekarar 2002.<ref name=":0" /> An gano cewa, haƙƙin samun ruwa wani ɓangare ne na fito-na-fito na haƙƙin samun ingantaccen mizanin rayuwa kuma yana da alaƙa da haƙƙin samun mafi girman matsayi na lafiya da za a iya samu da kuma haƙƙoƙin samun isasshen gida da isasshen abinci.<ref name=":0" /> Ya bayyana cewa "Haƙƙon ɗan adam na samun ruwa yana ba kowa damar samun isasshen ruwa, mai aminci, karɓaɓɓe, wanda za a iya shiga dashi ta jiki kuma mai sauƙin kuɗi don amfanin kai da na gida. Isasshen adadin ruwa mai aminci ya zama dole don hana mutuwa daga rashin ruwa a jiki, don rage haɗarin cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da ruwa da kuma samar da buƙatun sha, girki, da tsaftar kai da na gida."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resources and Information|url=http://ww1.unhchr.ch/|access-date=27 November 2020|website=ww1.unhchr.ch|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520021758/http://ww1.unhchr.ch/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasashe da yawa sun amince kuma sun amshe haƙƙin samun ruwa a matsayin ɓangare na wajibansu na yarjejeniya a ƙarƙashin ICESCR (misali, Jamus; United Kingdom;<ref>{{Cite web|title=righttowater - Just another WordPress site|url=https://www.righttowater.info/|access-date=27 November 2020|website=righttowater|language=en-US}}</ref> Netherlands<ref>{{Cite web|title=Human rights: the Netherlands officially recognises the right to water|url=http://www.irc.nl/page/39765|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222211635/http://www.irc.nl/page/39765|archive-date=22 February 2009|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>) bayan buga Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15. An ɗauki ƙarin mataki a shekarar 2005 ta tsohon Ƙaramar Hukumar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haɓakawa da Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam wadda ta fitar da jagorori don taimakawa gwamnatoci wajen cimmawa da girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Realization of the right to drinking water and sanitation Report of the Special Rapporteur, El Hadji Guissé|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/docs/SUb_Com_Guisse_guidelines.pdf|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Waɗannan jagororin sun jagoranci Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya wajen naɗa Catarina de Albuquerque a matsayin kwararre mai zaman kansa kan batun wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli a shekarar 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation|url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/iexpert/overview.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706011034/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/water/iexpert/overview.htm|archive-date=6 July 2010|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Ta rubuta cikakken rahoto a shekarar 2009 wanda ya fayyace wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam ga tsaftar muhalli, kuma CESCR ta mayar da martani ta hanyar bayyana cewa ya kamata dukkan jihohi su amince da tsaftar muhalli.<ref name=":1" /> Bayan tattaunawa mai tsanani, ƙasashe 122 sun amince a hukumance da "Haƙƙon Ɗan Adam na Samun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli" a cikin Ƙudurin Majalisar Gabaɗaya mai lamba 64/292 a ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Nations Official Document |publisher=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/64/292 |access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Ya amince da haƙƙin kowane ɗan adam na samun isasshen ruwa don amfanin kai da na gida (tsakanin lita 50 zuwa 100 na ruwa ga kowane mutum a rana), wanda dole ne ya kasance mai aminci, karɓaɓɓe kuma mai sauƙin kuɗi (kuɗin ruwa kada ya wuce 3% na kuɗin shiga na gida), sannan kuma mai sauƙin shiga ta jiki (wurin samun ruwa dole ne ya kasance tsakanin mita 1,000 daga gida kuma lokacin ɗibo ruwa kada ya wuce mintuna 30)."<ref name= ref2 /> Majalisar Gabaɗaya ta bayyana cewa tsaftataccen ruwan sha yana da "mahimmanci ga cikakken more rayuwa da dukkan sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam".<ref name= ref2 /> A watan Satumba na shekarar 2010, Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta MDD ta amince da wani ƙuduri da ke amincewa da cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ya kafa ɓangare na haƙƙin samun ingantaccen mizanin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=UN united to make the right to water and sanitation legally binding |date=1 October 2010 |publisher=Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10403&LangID=E |access-date=27 November 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129163313/https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10403&LangID=E |archivedate=29 November 2010}}</ref> An tsawaita wa'adin Catarina de Albuquerque a matsayin "Kwararre mai zaman kansa kan batun wajibai na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da suka shafi damar samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli" kuma aka sake masa suna zuwa "Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman kan haƙƙon ɗan adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli" bayan ƙudurin na shekarar 2010. Ta hanyar rahotanninta ga Majalisar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam da Majalisar Gabaɗaya ta MDD, ta ci gaba da fayyace fanni da abubuwan da ke cikin haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. A matsayinta na Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman, ta magance batutuwa kamar su: Wajibai na Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam da Suka Shafi Samar da Ayyuka Masu Zaman Kansu a Fannin Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (2010);<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10356&LangID=E|title=Statement by the Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations related to safe drinking water and sanitation, Ms Catarina de Albuquerque at the 15th session of the Human Rights Council|website=newsarchive.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=2 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102053934/https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=10356&LangID=E|url-status=dead}}</ref> Samar da Kuɗi Don Tabbatar da Haƙƙoƙin Samun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (2011);<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11542&LangID=E|title=Statement by the Special Rapporteur on the right to access to safe drinking water and sanitation at the 66th Session of the General Assembly|website=newsarchive.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026102841/https://newsarchive.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=11542&LangID=E|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gudanar da ruwan shaƙon (wastewater) wajen tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli (2013);<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/WaterAndSanitation/SRWater/Pages/WasteWaterManagement.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Wastewater management|website=www.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref> da kuma Dorewa da rashin komawa baya wajen tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli (2013).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/WaterAndSanitation/SRWater/Pages/Sustainabilityretrogressionrealisationofwaterandsanitation.aspx|title=OHCHR {{!}} Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation|website=www.ohchr.org|access-date=19 November 2019}}</ref> An naɗa Léo Heller a shekarar 2014 don zama Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman na biyu kan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam na samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli. Ƙudurin da suka biyo baya sun tsawaita wa'adin Mai Ba da Rahoto na Musamman kuma suka bayyana matsayin kowace jiha wajen girmama waɗannan haƙƙoƙi. Ƙudurin Majalisar Gabaɗaya na baya-bayan nan mai lamba 7/169 na shekarar 2015 an kira shi da sanarwar "Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Samun Tsaftataccen Ruwan Sha da Tsaftar Muhalli.<ref name=":3" /> Ya amince da bambanci tsakanin haƙƙin samun ruwa da haƙƙin samun tsaftar muhalli. An yanke wannan shawarar ne saboda damuwa game da yadda ake yin watsi da haƙƙin samun tsaftar muhalli idan aka kwatanta shi da haƙƙin samun ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/pdf/human_right_to_water_and_sanitation_media_brief.pdf|title=The Human Right to Water and Sanitation|website=United Nation}}</ref> == Hukuncin shari'a na ƙasa da ƙasa == === Kotun Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka === An yi la'akari da haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin shari'ar Kotun Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka (Inter-American Court of Human Rights) a kan batun "Al'ummar Ƙasar Sawhoyamaxa v. Paraguay".<ref name=para>[http://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/Judgment%2C%20Case%20of%20the%20Sawhoyamaxa%20Indigenous%20Community%20v.%20Paraguay.pdf ''Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329234132/https://www.escr-net.org/sites/default/files/Judgment,%20Case%20of%20the%20Sawhoyamaxa%20Indigenous%20Community%20v.%20Paraguay.pdf |date=29 March 2017 }} (Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 29 March 2006).</ref> Batutuwan da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da gazawar gwamnati wajen amincewa da haƙƙin mallakar filaye na kakanni na al'ummar ƙasar. A cikin shekarar 1991, gwamnati ta korar al'ummar Sawhoyamaxa daga filayensu, wanda hakan ya yi sanadiyyar rasa damar samun ayyukan yau da kullum na buƙata, kamar ruwa, abinci, makaranta, da ayyukan lafiya.<ref name=para/> Wannan ya faɗa ƙarƙashin fannin Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam na Amurka; wanda ya keta haƙƙin rayuwa.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Convention on Human Rights |publisher=Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |date=22 November 1969 |url=http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic3.American%20Convention.htm |access-date=26 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618195529/http://www.cidh.org/Basicos/English/Basic3.American%20Convention.htm |archive-date=18 June 2013 }}, American Convention on Human Rights, article 4.</ref> Ruwa yana cikin wannan haƙƙi, a matsayin ɓangare na damar samun fili. Kotun ta buƙaci a mayar da filayen, a ba da diyya, kuma a samar da kayayyaki da ayyukan yau da kullum na buƙata, yayin da al'ummar ke kan tsarin dawo da filayensu.<ref>[http://www.escr-net.org/node/365163f] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507013122/http://www.escr-net.org/node/365163f|date=7 May 2014}}, International Network for Economic, Social & Cultural RIghts, Case of Sawhoyamaxa Indigenous Community v. Paraguay.</ref> === Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Warware Rikicin Zuba Jari === Shari'o'i masu zuwa daga Cibiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Warware Rikicin Zuba Jari (ICSID) sun shafi kwangilolin da aka kulla tsakanin gwamnatoci da kamfanoni don kula da hanyoyin ruwa. Kodayake shari'o'in sun shafi tambayoyi na zuba jari, masana sun lura cewa tasirin kaikaice na haƙƙin samun ruwa a kan hukunce-hukuncen yana da mahimmanci.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hUwgAwAAQBAJ&dq=Azurix+Corp+v+Argentina+right+to+water&pg=PA296], Global Public Interest in International Investment Law, Andreas Kulick, 2012 at 303.</ref> Bayanan Bankin Duniya sun nuna cewa sayar da kamfanonin ruwa ga masu zaman kansu (water privatization) ya yi tashin gwauron zabi tun daga shekarun 1990 kuma gagarumin ci gaba a fannin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun 2000.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bakker|first=Karen|date=27 February 2013|title=Neoliberal Versus Postneoliberal Water: Geographies of Privatization and Resistance|journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers|volume=103|issue=2|pages=253–260|doi=10.1080/00045608.2013.756246|bibcode=2013AAAG..103..253B |s2cid=143834419}}</ref> ==== Azurix Corp v. Argentina ==== Shari'ar farko sananniya da ta shafi haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin ICSID ita ce ta "Azurix Corp v. Argentina".<ref>[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC507_En&caseId=C5 ''Azurix Corp v. Argentina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003503/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC507_En&caseId=C5 |date=4 March 2016 }}, ICSID Case No ARB/01/12.</ref> Rikicin ya kasance ne tsakanin Jamhuriyar Argentina da Kamfanin Azurix (Azurix Corporation) game da saɓanin da ya taso daga kwangilar shekaru 30 tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu don gudanar da samar da ruwa a larduna daban-daban. An yi la'akari da haƙƙin samun ruwa a kaikaice lokacin sasantawa don neman diyya, inda aka yanke shawarar cewa Azurix tana da haƙƙin samun kyakkyawan sakamako na kuɗi da ya dace da darajar kasuwa ta zuba jarin. Wannan ya saba wa dalar Amurka miliyan 438.6 da suka nema, tare da bayyana cewa mai hankali na kasuwanci ba zai iya tsammanin irin wannan riba ba, idan aka yi la'akari da iyakokin ƙarin farashin ruwa da gyare-gyaren da za a buƙata don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin samar da tsaftataccen ruwa.<ref>[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC507_En&caseId=C5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003503/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC507_En&caseId=C5|date=4 March 2016}}, Azurix Corp v Argentina ICSID Case No ARB/01/12 at 149.</ref> ==== Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania ==== Na biyu, makamanciyar shari'ar da ICSID ta fuskanta ita ce ta "Biwater Gauff Ltd v. Tanzania".<ref>[https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC1590_En&caseId=C67 ''Biwater Gauff (Tanzania) Ltd v. Tanzania''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003519/https://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/FrontServlet?requestType=CasesRH&actionVal=showDoc&docId=DC1590_En&caseId=C67 |date=4 March 2016 }}, ICSID Case No ARB/05/22.</ref> Wannan ma ya kasance rikici ne na kwangila tsakanin kamfanin ruwa mai zaman kansa da gwamnati, a wannan karon Jamhuriyar Haɗaddiyar Tanzania. Wannan kwangilar ta kasance don gudanarwa da tafiyar da tsarin ruwa na Dar es Salaam. A watan Mayu na shekarar 2005, gwamnatin Tanzania ta soke kwangilar da Biwater Gauff saboda zargin gazawarta wajen cika ka'idojin aiki. A watan Yuli na shekarar 2008, Kotun ta fitar da shawararta kan shari'ar, inda ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin Tanzania ta keta yarjejeniyar da suka yi da Biwater Gauff.<ref>[http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/Biwater-Tanzaniaarbitration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924155917/http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/Biwater-Tanzaniaarbitration|date=24 September 2013}}, Business & Human RIghts Resource Centre, Biwater-Tanzania arbitration.</ref> Sai dai, ba ta ba wa Biwater diyya ta kuɗi ba,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biwater v. Tanzania|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/202/biwater-v-tanzania|access-date=12 December 2020|website=UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub}}</ref> tare da amincewa cewa buƙatun amfanin jama'a ne mafi mahimmanci a cikin rikicin. == Haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin dokokin cikin gida == Idan babu wata hukuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa da za ta iya tilasta aiwatar da shi, haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa ya dogara ne a kan ayyukan kotunan ƙasa.<ref>[http://lawecommons.luc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=lucilr], McGraw, George S. "Defining and Defending the Right to Water and its Minimum Core: Legal Construction and the Role of National Jurisprudence" ''Loyola University Chicago International Law Review'' Vol. 8, No. 2, 127-204 (2011) at 137.</ref> An kafa tushen wannan ne ta hanyar shigar da haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu (ESCR) cikin kundin tsarin mulki ta hanyar guda biyu: ko dai a matsayin "manufofin jagora" (directive principles) waɗanda manufofi ne kawai kuma galibi kotu ba za ta iya matsa lamba a kansu ba; ko kuma a matsayin waɗanda aka kiyaye su sosai kuma kotu za ta iya tilasta aiwatar da su.<ref>[http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf|date=29 January 2018}}, Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard "Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground" [2013] NZLJ 289 at 297</ref> === Afirka ta Kudu === [[File:Communal tap for drinking water (2941731238).jpg|thumb|Wani rukunin mutane da suka taru a kusa da famfon unguwa a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu]] A ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, an kiyaye haƙƙin samun ruwa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar dokoki na yau da kullum. Wannan shaida ce ta ɗan sauye-sauye na fasaha ta biyu ta tsarin mulki wacce ake kira da "tsarin dokokin tallafi" (subsidiary legislation model). Wannan yana nufin cewa babban ɓangare na abubuwan da ke cikin haƙƙin da kuma aiwatar da shi ana yin su ne ta hanyar dokar cikin gida ta yau da kullum mai matsayi na tsarin mulki.<ref name="kaupapature.org.nz">[http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf|date=29 January 2018}}, Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard "Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground" [2013] NZLJ 289 at 298</ref> ==== Mazauna Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council ==== Shari'ar farko sananniya da kotuna suka yi amfani da wannan tsari ita ce "Mazauna Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council".<ref>[http://www.communitylawcentre.org.za/projects/socio-economic-rights/Cases/South%20African%20Cases/high-court-cases/residents-of-bon-vista-mansions-v-southern-metropolitan-local-council-2002-6-bclr-625-w ''Residents of Bon Vista Mansions v. Southern Metropolitan Local Council''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507030206/http://www.communitylawcentre.org.za/projects/socio-economic-rights/Cases/South%20African%20Cases/high-court-cases/residents-of-bon-vista-mansions-v-southern-metropolitan-local-council-2002-6-bclr-625-w |date=7 May 2014 }}, High Court of South Africa, Case No. 01/12312.</ref> Shari'ar an shigar da ita ne ta hanyar mazauna wani rukunin gidaje (Bon Vista Mansions), biyo bayan yanke samar da ruwa da Majalisar yankin ta yi, sakamakon rashin biyan kuɗin ruwa. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa, domin yin biyayya ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu, a tsarin mulki duk mutane ya kamata su sami damar yin amfani da ruwa a matsayin haƙƙi.<ref>[http://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/1996/a108-96.pdf], South African Constitution, Section 27(1)(a).</ref> Ƙarin dalilin da ya sa aka yanke wannan shawarar ya dogara ne a kan Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 12 (General Comment 12) kan Haƙƙin Samun Abinci, wanda Kwamitin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya yi, wanda ke ɗora wa ɓangarorin yarjejeniyar wajibcin kiyayewa da girmama damar da mutane ke da ita a halin yanzu ta samun isasshen abinci ta hanyar rashin aiwatar da kowane irin matakan takawa.<ref>[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/gencomm/escgencom12.htm], Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 12, Right to adequate food (Twentieth session, 1999), U.N. Doc. E/C.12/1999/5 (1999), reprinted in Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 62 (2003).</ref> Kotun ta gano cewa dakatar da tushen ruwan da ake da shi, wanda bai bi ƙa'idodin "daidaito da adalci" na Dokar Ayyukan Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu ba, ya kasance haramtacce.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031003941/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf|date=31 October 2017}}, South African Water Services Act [No. 108 of 1997] Section 4 (3)</ref> Wannan shawara ta riga ɗaukar Sharhi na Gabaɗaya na 15 na MDD.<ref>[https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/ga10967.doc.htm], UN General Comment No. 15</ref> ==== Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg ==== {{Main|Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg}} An ƙara tattauna batun adadin ruwan da za a samar a cikin shari'ar "Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg".<ref>[http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2008/491.pdf ''Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg''], (06/13865) [2008] ZAGPHC 491;[2008] All SA 471 (W) (30 April 2008)</ref> Shari'ar ta mayar da hankali ne a kan rarraba ruwa ta hanyar daddalar daddalar bututu zuwa Phiri, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin yankuna na Soweto. Wannan shari'ar ta shafi manyan batutuwa guda biyu: ko manufar birnin game da samar da kyautar ruwa na asali, lita 6,000 (kilolitres 6) a kowane wata ga kowane mai asusun ajiya a birnin tana cin karo da Sashi na 27 of Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ko Sashi na 11 na Dokar Ayyukan Ruwa.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031003941/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/a108-97.pdf|date=31 October 2017}}, South African Water Services Act. [No. 108 of 1997] Section 11</ref> Batun na biyu shi ne ko sanya mita na ruwa na biyan kuɗi tukunna (pre-paid water meters) ya kasance daidai da doka. An yanke hukunci a cikin Babban Kotun (High Court) cewa dokokin cikin gida na birnin ba su ba da umarnin sanya mita ba kuma sanya su ya kasance haramtacce. Bugu da ƙari, tunda mitocin suna dakatar da samar da ruwa ga mazauna da zarar kyautar ruwan asali ta ƙare, an ɗauki wannan a matsayin dakatar da samar da ruwa ta hanyar da ba ta dace da doka ba. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa ya kamata a samar wa mazauna Phiri kyautar ruwa ta asali lita 50 ga kowane mutum a kowace rana.<ref>[http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2008/491.pdf ''Mazibuko v. City of Johannesburg''], (06/13865) [2008] ZAGPHC 491;[2008] All SA 471 (W) (30 April 2008) at 181</ref> Ayyukan Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a (CALS) ta Jami'ar Witwatersrand da ke Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Pacific Institute da ke Oakland, California, sun raba lambar yabo ta Business Ethics Network BENNY Award na shekarar 2008 saboda ayyukansu a kan wannan shari'ar.<ref>[http://businessethicsnetwork.org/] Business Ethics Network</ref> Pacific Institute ta ba da shaidar shari'a bisa ga aikin Dr. Peter Gleick wanda ke bayyana haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da kuma ƙayyade buƙatun ruwa na asali na ɗan adam.<ref>[http://pacinst.org/news/350/], Pacific Institute "Pacific Institute Shares BENNY Award for Efforts in South African Water Rights Decision." (2008), Pacific Institute, Oakland, California</ref> Wadanda ake ƙara sun ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa Kotun Ƙoli ta Ɗaukaka Ƙara (SCA) wadda ta yanke hukuncin cewa an tsara manufar ruwa ta birnin ne bisa kuskuren shari'a game da wajibcin birnin na samar da mafi ƙanƙanta adadin da aka tsara a Ma'aunin Ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu, saboda haka aka soke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/sites/PEG/docs/PEG%20Documents/10_SANS1-1.pdf?stdsid=14017755&pid=free, |title=South African National Standard 3(b) |access-date=6 May 2014 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071006/http://www.iso.org/sites/PEG/docs/PEG%20Documents/10_SANS1-1.pdf?stdsid=14017755&pid=free, |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kotun ta kuma yanke hukuncin cewa adadin ruwan da ake buƙata don rayuwar ɗan adam mai daraja cikin bin sashi na 27 na kundin tsarin mulki a haƙiƙanin gaskiya lita 42 ne ga kowane mutum a kowace rana maimakon lita 50 ga kowane mutum a kowace rana. Hukumar SCA ta bayyana cewa sanya mitocin ruwa haramtacce ne, amma ta dakatar da aiwatar da umarnin na tsawon shekaru biyu don ba wa birnin damar gyara lamarin.<ref>[http://www.saflii.org/cgi-bin/disp.pl?file=za/cases/ZASCA/2009/52.html&query=mazibuko], Mazibuko and Another v National Director of Public Prosecutions (113/08) [2009] ZASCA 52; 2009 (6) SA 479 (SCA); [2009] 3 All SA 548 (SCA) (26 May 2009)</ref> Batutuwan sun ci gaba zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki (Constitutional Court), wadda ta yanke hukuncin cewa aikin da kundin tsarin mulki ya kafa yana buƙatar cewa jiha ta ɗauki matakan doka masu dace da sauran matakai a hankali don cimma haƙƙin samun ruwa, gwargwadon wadatar arzikinta. Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta kuma bayyana cewa al'amari ne na majalisa da sashen zartarwa na gwamnati su yi aiki a cikin iyakokin kasafartansu, kuma binciken shirye-shiryensu al'amari ne na riƙon amana na dimokiraɗiyya. Saboda haka, mafi ƙanƙancin abubuwan da ƙa'ida ta 3(b) ta tsara yana daidai da tsarin mulki, yana barin hukumomi su ƙara adadin zuwa sama, kuma bai dace kotu ta ƙayyade nasarar kowane haƙƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da gwamnati ta ɗauki matakan aiwatarwa ba.<ref>[http://www.saflii.org/cgi-bin/disp.pl?file=za/cases/ZACC/2009/28.html&query=mazibuko ''Mazibuko and Other v. City of Johannesburg and Others''] (CCt 39/09) [2009] ZACC 28; 2010 (3) BCLR 239 (CC); 2010 (4) SA 1 (CC) (8 October 2009)</ref> Kotunan a maimakon haka sun mayar da hankali kan bincikensu ga ko matakan da Gwamnati ta ɗauka suna da ma'ana, da kuma ko Gwamnati tana duba manufofinta akai-akai.<ref name="kaupapature.org.nz"/> An soki hukuncin saboda yin amfani da "ra'ayi mai iyakancewa na girmama shari'a ba gaira ba dalili".<ref>Alston & Goodman, International Human Rights, Oxford University Press (2013), Lucy A. Williams, "The Role of Courts In The Quantitative-Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: A Comparative Study", 3 ''Constitutional Court Review'' 2010 [South Africa] (2011) 141</ref> === Indiya === Shari'o'i biyu mafi fice a ƙasar Indiya game da haƙƙin samun ruwa suna nuna cewa kodayake ba a kiyaye wannan a fito fili ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya, kotuna sun fassara cewa haƙƙin rayuwa ya haɗa da haƙƙin samun tsaftataccen ruwa da isasshe.<ref>[http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1037&context=njihr], Amy Hardberger "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Water: Evaluating Water as a Human Right and the Duties and Obligations it Creates" (2005) 4 ''Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights'' 331 at 352</ref> [[File:Jamuna River 04.jpg|thumb|Kogin Jamuna, kogin da jihar Haryana da birnin Delhi suke amfani da shi]] ==== Delhi Water Supply v. State of Haryana ==== A nan, an sami takaddama kan amfani da ruwa sakamakon gaskiyar cewa jihar Haryana tana amfani da Kogin Jamuna don noman rani (irrigation), yayin da mazauna Delhi suke buƙatarsa don sha. An ba da dalilin cewa amfanin gida ya fi amfanin kasuwanci na ruwa muhimmanci, kuma kotu ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne Haryana ta ba da damar isasshen ruwa ya isa Delhi don sha da amfanin gida.<ref name="indiankanoon.org">[http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/1520766/ ''Delhi Water Supply & Sewage v. State Of Haryana & Ors''], 1999 SCC(2) 572, JT 1996 (6) 107</ref> ==== Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar ==== Hakanan abin lura shi ne shari'ar "Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar", inda aka shigar da ƙara ta hanyar shari'ar maslahar jama'a (public interest litigation) game da zubar da daddala ko laka daga wuraren wanke-wanke zuwa cikin Kogin Bokaro. Kotuna sun gano cewa haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda Sashi na 21 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya ya kiyaye, ya haɗa da haƙƙin morar ruwa mara gurbatawa.<ref>[http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402064301/http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-english/coi-indexenglish.htm|date=2 April 2012}}, The Constitution of India</ref> Shari'ar ta gaza bisa ga hujjojin gaskiya kuma an yanke hukuncin cewa an shigar da ƙarar ne ba don kowane maslahar jama'a ba face don maslahar kansa ta mai ƙaran, saboda haka ci gaba da shari'ar zai zama cin zarafin tsari.<ref name="indiankanoon.org"/> ==== Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya ==== Ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga waisuwar rayayyun halittu har da mutane. Saboda haka, samun damar yin amfani da ruwa mai tsarki da isasshe haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam da ba za a iya raba shi ba. Don haka, Ƙungiyar Eco Needs Foundation (ENF) tana ɗaukar da mahimmanci a amince da haƙƙin samun ruwa (tare da tabbataccen mafi ƙanƙancin adadin ruwa ga kowane mutum) ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin doka da aka bayyana fito fili. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tare da yarjejeniyoyinta da dama ta sanya shi ya zama tilas ga dukkan ƙasashe su tabbatar da daidaiton rarraba ruwa a tsakanin dukkan 'yan ƙasa. Haka zalika, ENF ta fara kiyayewa da haɓaka bikin Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya a ranar 20 ga watan Maris, ranar da Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar ("uba ga Indiya ta zamani") ya jagoranci satyagraha ta farko ta duniya don neman ruwa a shekarar 1927. Ranar Haƙƙoƙin Ruwa ta Duniya tana kiran da a ɗauki doka ta musamman da za ta kafa haƙƙin duniya na samun ruwa. Ƙarƙashin jagororin wanda ya kafa, Dr Priyanand Agale, ENF tana shirya shirye-shirye iri-iri don tabbatar da haƙƙin samun ruwa ga 'yan ƙasar Indiya.<ref>econeeds.org</ref> === New Zealand === Ba a kiyaye ESCR a fito fili ba a ƙasar New Zealand a halin yanzu, ko dai ta Dokar Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ko Dokar Haƙƙoƙi (Bill of Rights Acts), saboda haka ba a kare haƙƙin samun ruwa ta hanyar doka a can.<ref>Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard, [http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf "Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129135516/http://www.kaupapature.org.nz/store/doc/Pickard_-_Poole.pdf |date=29 January 2018 }}, [2013] NZLJ 289 at 299</ref> Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta New Zealand ta nuna kwanan nan cewa ƙasar za ta ƙara yin la'akari da matsayin shari'a na haƙƙoƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu.<ref>[http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/76530/l-HR-Committee-ICCPR-List-of-Issues-Prior-to-Reporting-5-3-14-with-annexure,-UPR-submission-17-6-13.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304033140/http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/76530/l-HR-Committee-ICCPR-List-of-Issues-Prior-to-Reporting-5-3-14-with-annexure,-UPR-submission-17-6-13.pdf|date=4 March 2018}}, New Zealand Law Society Human Rights & Privacy Committee, Submission to the 18th Session of The Human Rights Council, Shadow Report to New Zealand's 2nd Universal Periodic Review</ref> === Amurka === Babu wani haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da aka amince da shi a matakin tarayya a ƙasar Amurka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://law.northeastern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/phrge-water-primer.pdf |title=The Human Right to Water in the United States |author1=Kevin Murray |author2=Sara Kominers |publisher=Northeastern University School of Law}}</ref> Wasu dokokin tarayya suna kare ingancin ruwa: * Dokar Amincin Ruwan Sha (Safe Drinking Water Act) tana shafar daddalar samar da ruwa na jama'a, amma ba rijiyoyin kanka ko ruwan kwalba ba * Dokar Tsaface Ruwa (Clean Water Act), tana shafar ruwan saman ƙasa na Amurka * Dokar Kariya da Maido da Albarkatu (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) * Superfund, wanda aka kafa ta Dokar Kula da Muhalli na Gabaɗaya, Diyya, da Alhakki ta shekarar 1980 * Dokar Manufofin Muhalli ta Ƙasa (National Environmental Policy Act), wacce ke buƙatar bayanan tasirin muhalli amma ba rage tasirin ba === Australia === Hankali a ƙasar Australia ya mayar ne a kan haƙƙoƙin 'Yan Ƙasar Asali na Australia (Indigenous Australians) na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Tarihin mulkin mallaka na mazauna (settler-colonialism) ya mamaye tsarin gudanarwar gwamnati na yau wanda ke tsara amfanin ruwa ga 'yan ƙasar asali. Akwai yarjejeniyoyin gwamnati da yawa, amma yawancinsu ba su cika ba don yin tasiri sosai a kan ikon haƙƙin 'yan ƙasar asali na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. A cikin shari'ar "Mabo v. Queensland" ta shekarar 1992, an amince da haƙƙoƙin 'yan ƙasar asali a shari'ance a karon farko. 'Yan ƙasar asali na Australia galibi suna da'awar alaƙar al'adu da ƙasar. Kodayake an amince da "al'adu" a kotu kamar yadda aka amince da albarkatun ƙasa, darajar al'adu da ta ruhaniya ta Aborigines ga guraren ruwa tana da fuskoki marasa tabbas. Yana da wahala amma kuma ana buƙatar canza darajar al'adunsu da ta ruhaniya zuwa fagen shari'a. A halin yanzu, kusan babu wani ci gaba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Poirier|first1=Robert|last2=Schartmueller|first2=Doris|date=1 September 2012|title=Indigenous water rights in Australia|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2011.11.002|journal=The Social Science Journal|volume=49|issue=3|pages=317–324|doi=10.1016/j.soscij.2011.11.002|s2cid=144101999|issn=0362-3319|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Burdon|first1=Peter|last2=Drew|first2=Georgina|last3=Stubbs|first3=Matthew|last4=Webster|first4=Adam|last5=Barber|first5=Marcus|date=2 October 2015|title=Decolonising Indigenous water 'rights' in Australia: flow, difference, and the limits of law|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/2201473X.2014.1000907|journal=Settler Colonial Studies|volume=5|issue=4|pages=334–349|doi=10.1080/2201473X.2014.1000907|s2cid=154484189|issn=2201-473X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dokar ruwa ta Australia madaidaiciya tana ba da umarnin ruwan saman ƙasa ga 'yan ƙasa waɗanda za su iya amfani da ruwan saman amma ba za su iya mallaka ba. A cikin kundin tsarin mulki, duk da haka, babu wani bayani game da ruwan cikin gida da na gaɓar kogi. Saboda haka, fannin haƙƙoƙin ruwan cikin gida/na gaɓar kogi sune manyan ayyuka na jihohi. Gwamnatin Tarayya (Commonwealth Government) tana samun iko a kan ruwa ta hanyar aron taimakon alaƙar waje, gami da Ikon Tallafi (Grants Power) da Ikon Kasuwanci da Ciniki (Trade and Commerce Power).<ref name=":5" /> A cikin shekarar 2000, Kotun Tarayya ta kammala yarjejeniyar da ta ba wa masu mallakar filaye na asali damar ɗaukar ruwa don amfanin gargajiya. Sai dai, amfanin ya takaita ga al'adun gargajiya kawai, wanda bai haɗa da noman rani a matsayin aikin gargajiya ba.<ref name=":5" /> A watan Yunin 2004, CoAC ta kammala yarjejeniyar tsakanin gwamnatoci kan Tsarin Ruwa na Ƙasa (NWI), tana haɓaka amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasar asali na samun ruwa. Sai dai, NWI ba ta damu sosai game da daddalar tarihin mulkin mallaka na mazauna ba, wanda ya tsara tsarin rarraba ruwa mara daidaito ta hanyar tsari. Mutanen asali a Australia suna ci gaba da neman haƙƙin samun ruwa.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=1 December 2014|title=Indigenous people's right to water under international law: a legal pluralism perspective|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1877343514000700|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|language=en|volume=11|pages=26–33|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2014.09.015|issn=1877-3435|last1=Gupta|first1=Joyeeta|last2=Hildering|first2=Antoinette|last3=Misiedjan|first3=Daphina|bibcode=2014COES...11...26G |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tattaunawa da suka rage == === Tasiri tsakanin iyakoki === [[File:Nile River and delta from orbit.jpg|thumb|Matakin da Habasha ta ɗauka na cika madatsar ruwa ta Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam zai iya rage kwararar Kogin Nilu da kusan kashi 25% tare da lalata gonakin ƙasar Masar.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Africa, War Over Water Looms As Ethiopia Nears Completion Of Nile River Dam |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/02/27/589240174/in-africa-war-over-water-looms-as-ethiopia-nears-completion-of-nile-river-dam?t=1595668819363 |work=NPR |date=27 February 2018}}</ref>]] [[File:Nord-Krim-Kanal.png|right|thumb|Bayan mamaye yankin Crimea da Rasha ta yi, ƙasar Ukraine ta toshe Hanyar Ruwa ta Arewacin Crimea (North Crimean Canal), wacce ke samar da kashi 85% na ruwan sha ga Crimea.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pray For Rain: Crimea's Dry-Up A Headache For Moscow, Dilemma For Kyiv |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/pray-for-rain-crimea-s-dry-up-a-headache-for-moscow-dilemma-for-kyiv/30515986.html |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=29 March 2020}}</ref>]] Ganin cewa samun ruwa wani lamari ne da ke shafar iyakokin ƙasashe da kuma zama sanadin takaddama a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Tekun Mediterranean da wasu sassa na Arewacin Amurka da sauran wurare, wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) da masana suna jayayya cewa haƙƙin samun ruwa yana da fuskoki na ketare iyakar ƙasa ko na waje. Suna jayayya cewa tunda hanyoyin samar da ruwa a dabi'ance suna shiga cikin juna kuma suna ketare iyakoki, jihohi suna da hurumin shari'a na kada su yi aiki ta hanyar da za ta iya cutar da morar haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a sauran ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FIAN International|url=https://fian.org/en/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=fian.org}}</ref> Amincewa a hukumance da wannan wajibci na shari'a zai iya hana mummunan tasiri na "ƙarancin ruwa" na duniya (a matsayin barazanar nan gaba da kuma mummunan sakamako guda ɗaya na yawan jama'a).[http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/pp091805.shtml] Ƙarancin ruwa da ƙaruwar amfani da ruwan sha suna sa wannan haƙƙin ya kasance mai sarkakiya sosai. Yayin da yawan jama'ar duniya ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri, ƙarancin ruwan sha zai haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Ƙarancin adadin ruwa yana kawo tambayar ko ya kamata a canza ruwa daga wata ƙasa zuwa wata ko a'a.<ref name= ref3>McCaffrey, Stephen C. "Human Right to Water: Domestic and International Implications, A." ''Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev.'' 5 (1992): 1.</ref> ==== Takaddamar Ruwa Tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan ==== Takaddamar ruwa tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan tana samun tasiri ne daga ƙarancin ruwa a yankin Kudancin Asiya.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last=Bakhtawar|first=Saadia|date=2012|title=Water: an Economic Resource Conflict between India and Pakistan|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3597519|journal=SSRN Electronic Journal|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3597519|issn=1556-5068|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ƙasashen biyu suna da wata yarjejeniya da ke akwai da ake kira Yarjejeniyar Ruwan Indus (Indus Waters Treaty). An kafa yarjejeniyar ce don takaita rikici tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan game da amfani da rafin Indus da kuma rarraba ruwa ga ƙasashen biyu bayan sun sami 'yancin kai.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Salman|first1=Salman M. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8GEr4fyDbqgC&pg=PA42|title=Conflict and Cooperation on South Asia's International Rivers: A Legal Perspective|last2=Uprety|first2=Kishor|date=2002|publisher=World Bank Publications|isbn=978-0-8213-5352-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Indus Waters Treaty {{!}} History, Provisions, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Indus-Waters-Treaty|access-date=2 May 2021|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Sai dai, sabani game da ita ya kunno kai. A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, an amince wa Indiya ta yi amfani da rafin kogin yamma don noman rani da sauran amfanin da ba sa cinye ruwan gaba ɗaya, yayin da Pakistan ke da mafi yawancin iko a kan rafin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indus Waters Treaty|url=https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/6439/Indus|access-date=2 May 2021|website=mea.gov.in}}</ref> Amma, Pakistan ta bayyana damuwarta cewa gine-ginen da Indiya ke yi a kogunan na iya haifar da mummunan ƙarancin ruwa a Pakistan.<ref name=":03" /> Haka kuma, Pakistan ta bayyana cewa madatsun ruwa da Indiya ta gina don amfanin da ba ya ƙarewa ana iya amfani da su wajen karkatar da kwararar ruwa tare da katse hanyoyin samar da ruwa na Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sharma|first=Pankaj Kumar|date=2012|title=Conflict over Water Between India and Pakistan: Fear and Hopes?|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41856568|journal=The Indian Journal of Political Science|volume=73|issue=1|pages=133–140|jstor=41856568|issn=0019-5510}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yarjejeniyar ta shafi koguna da suka samo asali daga Jammu da Kashmir, waɗanda aka cire su daga ikon sarrafa albarkatun ruwansu na kansu.<ref name=":03" /> === Mayar da ruwa harkar kasuwanci da sabanin samarwa na jiha === Akwai saɓani game da wanda ke da alhakki, idan ma akwai, na tabbatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Sau da yawa, ra'ayoyi guda biyu suna fitowa daga irin wannan tattaunawa: nauyin jiha ne ta samar da tsaftataccen ruwa ga mutane sabanin mika rarrabawa da tsaftace muhalli ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (privatization).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Ana gabatar da mayar da ruwa harkar kasuwanci (commercialization) a matsayin martani ga ƙaruwar ƙarancin ruwa wanda ya samo asali saboda yawan jama'ar duniya ya ninkasu sau uku yayin da buƙatar ruwa ta ƙaru sau shida. Tsarin kasuwar muhalli (market environmentalism) yana amfani da kasuwanni a matsayin mafita ga matsalolin muhalli kamar gurɓataccen muhalli da rashin amfani da albarkatu yadda ya kamata. Masu goyon bayan wannan tsari sun yi amfani da ra'ayin cewa sarrafa ruwa a matsayin kayan tattalin arziki ta hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu zai fi inganci fiye da yadda gwamnatoci ke samar da albarkatun ruwa ga 'yan ƙasarsu. Masu goyon bayan hakan suna da'awar cewa kuɗaɗen da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa don rarraba albarkatun ruwa ba su dace da fa'idodin da ake samu ba, don haka suke ɗaukar jihar a matsayin mai samar da ruwa marar tasiri. Haka kuma, ana jayayya cewa mayar da ruwa haja ta kasuwanci yana haifar da dorewar sarrafa ruwa saboda kwarin gwiwa na tattalin arziki ga masu amfani na yin amfani da ruwa cikin hikima.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wilder|first1=Margaret|last2=Romero Lankao|first2=Patricia|date=November 2006|title=Paradoxes of Decentralization: Water Reform and Social Implications in Mexico|journal=World Development|language=en|volume=34|issue=11|pages=1977–1995|doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.026|citeseerx=10.1.1.391.1544}}</ref> Su kuwa masu adawa sun yi imanin cewa sakamakon kasancewar ruwa haƙƙi ne na ɗan adam ya fitar da sa hannun kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kuma yana buƙatar a ba dukan mutane ruwa saboda yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwa. Samun ruwa a matsayin haƙƙi na ɗan adam yana amfani da shi ta wasu ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) azaman hanyar yaƙi da ƙoƙarin mika shi ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Haƙƙin ɗan adam na samun ruwa "yawanci ya dogara ne akan hujjoji guda biyu: rashin madadin ruwan sha ('mahimmanci ga rayuwa'), da kuma gaskiyar cewa sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da yawa waɗanda aka amince da su a sarari a cikin Yarjejeniyar MDD sun ginu ne akan samuwa (da aka zata) na ruwa (misali haƙƙin samun abinci)."<ref name="ref4">Bakker, Karen. "The "Commons" Versus the "Commodity": Alter‐globalization, Anti‐privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South". ''Antipode'' 39.3 (2007): 430-455.</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi == An jera ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a kan haƙƙoƙin samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙasa. === Ƙungiyoyin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya === * OHCHR (Ofishin Babban Jami'in Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Kan Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam) * UNDP * UNICEF * [http://sanitationandwaterforall.org Tsaftar Muhalli da Ruwa ga Kowa (Sanitation and Water for All)] === Hukumomin haɗin gwiwa na gwamnati === * DFID (Hukumar Haɗin Gwiwa ta Masarautar Birtaniya) * GIZ (Kamfanin Jamus don Haɗin Gwiwar Ƙasa da Ƙasa) * SDC (Hukumar Swiss don Ci gaba da Haɗin Gwiwa)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Error|url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/error.html|access-date=30 March 2021|website=www.eda.admin.ch}}</ref> * EPA (Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka)<ref>{{Cite web|last=US EPA|first=OMS|date=22 February 2013|title=Regulatory Information by Topic: Water|url=https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-topic/regulatory-and-guidance-information-topic-water|access-date=11 April 2021|website=US EPA|language=en}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=March 2026}}<!-- unclear the US recognizes this as a human right --> === Ƙungiyoyi da hanyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu na ƙasa da ƙasa === * Yaki da Yunwa (Action against Hunger - ACF) * Blood:Water<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blood:Water|url=https://www.bloodwater.org/|access-date=2 May 2021|website=Blood:Water|language=en-US}}</ref> * Cibiyar Tsaron Ruwa da Haɗin Gwiwa (Center for Water Security and Cooperation)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actualizing the right to water|url=https://www.ourwatersecurity.org/righttowater|access-date=25 July 2020|website=cwsc|language=en|archive-date=28 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065359/https://www.ourwatersecurity.org/righttowater|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Hanyar Sadarwa ta Ayyukan Ruwa Mai Daɗi (Freshwater Action Network - FAN)<ref name="freshwateraction.net">{{Cite web|title=Freshwater Action|url=http://www.freshwateraction.net/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016111506/http://www.freshwateraction.net/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=16 October 2002|access-date=30 March 2021|website=www.freshwateraction.net}}</ref> * Ruwa Mai Tsarki ga Duniya (Pure Water for the World)<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Pure Water for the World – Pure Water for the World|url=https://www.purewaterfortheworld.org/about-pww/|access-date=27 April 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518093313/https://www.purewaterfortheworld.org/about-pww/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Aikin DigDeep na Haƙƙin Ruwa (The DigDeep Right to Water Project)<ref>{{Cite web|title=DIGDEEP|url=https://www.digdeep.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=DIGDEEP|language=en-US}}</ref> * Pacific Institute<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pacific Institute {{!}} Advancing Water Resilience|url=https://pacinst.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Pacific Institute|language=en-US}}</ref> * Aikin Ruwa (The Water Project)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Help Solve the Water Crisis in Africa|url=https://thewaterproject.org/why-water/solving-the-water-crisis|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Water Project|language=en}}</ref> * Transnational Institute tare da aikin Adalcin Ruwa (Water Justice project)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search results|url=https://www.tni.org/en/search/language/en|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Transnational Institute|language=en}}</ref> * UUSC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.uusc.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|website=Unitarian Universalist Service Committee|language=en}}</ref> * WaterAid * WaterLex (ta daina aiki tun daga shekarar 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=WaterLex – Securing human rights to water and sanitation through law and policy reform|url=https://www.waterlex.org/|access-date=30 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> * PeaceJam * Thirst Project ==Manazarta.== i4nv2ouf18nz467q9g9rnvs6f7kmegq Samar da Ruwa 0 97991 891598 865032 2026-08-05T07:06:31Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Africa_Watsan_7_(10665637964).jpg|thumb|Wata yarinya tana tattara ruwa mai tsabta daga samar da ruwa na gari a Kawempe, [[Uganda]].]] Samar da '''[[ruwa]]''' shine samar da ruwa ta hanyar masu amfani da jama'a, kungiyoyin kasuwanci, kokarin al'umma ko kuma ta mutane, yawanci ta hanyar tsarin famfo da bututu. Tsarin samar da ruwa na jama'a yana da mahimmanci ga al'ummomin da ke aiki yadda ya kamata. Wadannan tsarin sune abin da ke samar da ruwan sha ga jama'a a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Supply Water Use |url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/public-supply-water-use?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=www.usgs.gov |language=en}}</ref> Abubuwan ingancin sabis sun haɗa da ci gaba da wadata, [[ingancin ruwa]] da matsin ruwa. Ana shirya alhakin ma'aikata don samar da ruwa daban-daban a kasashe da yankuna daban-daban (birane da yankunan karkara). Yawancin lokaci ya haɗa da batutuwan da ke kewaye da manufofi da ka'idoji, samar da sabis da daidaitawa. Kudin samar da ruwa ya kunshi, har zuwa babban matsayi, tsayayyen farashi (farashin kuɗi da farashin ma'aikata) kuma kawai zuwa ƙaramin farashi mai canzawa wanda ya dogara da adadin ruwan da aka cinye (musamman makamashi da sunadarai). Kusan dukkanin masu ba da sabis a duniya suna cajin farashi don dawo da wani ɓangare na farashin su. Samar da ruwa wani batu ne daban daga ban ruwa, aiki da tsarin samar da ruwa a kan sikelin da ya fi girma, don dalilai daban-daban, da farko [[noma]].    == Bayani na fasaha == [[Fayil:Engine_room_at_water_works;_Toledo-O_-_DPLA_-_03776e461315e063546dc401d72e022c_(page_1).jpg|right|thumb|Gidan injiniya na aikin ruwa na gari a Toledo, Ohio, 1908]] Tsarin samar da ruwa yana samun ruwa daga wurare daban-daban bayan magani mai dacewa, gami da ruwan kasa (aquifers), ruwan sama (kogi da [[Kogin|koguna]]), da teku ta hanyar cire ruwan. Matakan Maganin ruwa sun haɗa da, a mafi yawan lokuta, [[Tsarkake Ruwa|tsarkakewa]], disinfection ta hanyar chlorination kuma wani lokacin fluoridation. Ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi ko dai yana gudana ta hanyar nauyi ko kuma ana yin amfani da shi zuwa tafkuna, wanda za'a iya ɗaga shi kamar hasumiyoyin ruwa ko a ƙasa (don alamun da suka shafi ingancin rarraba ruwan sha duba ruwan da ba na shiga ba). Da zarar an yi amfani da ruwa, ana fitar da Ruwa mai guba a cikin tsarin datti kuma ana kula da shi a cikin masana'antar tsabtace datti kafin a fitar da shi cikin kogi, tafki, ko teku ko sake amfani da shi don shimfidar wuri ko ban ruwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Cibiyar samar da kayayyaki === {{excerpt|Water supply network|templates=-Public Infrastructure}} === Amfani da shi ===   In the [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]], the typical single family home uses about {{Convert|138|USgal|L}} of water per day (2016 estimate) or {{Convert|58.6|USgal|L}} per capita per day. This includes several common residential end use purposes (in decreasing order) like toilet use, showers, tap (faucet) use, washing machine use, leaks, other (unidentified), baths, and dishwasher use.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeOreo |first=William B. |last2=Mayer |first2=Peter |last3=Dziegielewski |first3=Benedykt |last4=Kiefer |first4=Jack |date=2016 |title=Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2 |url=https://www.waterrf.org/research/projects/residential-end-uses-water-version-2 |website=[[Water Research Foundation]]}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2012)">better&nbsp;source&nbsp;needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> {| class="wikitable" |+Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar don bukatun ɗan adam (ga kowane mutum) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gleick |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Gleick |title=Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities |url=http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd17/basic_wate.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629113313/http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsacd/cd17/basic_wate.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=17 March 2012}}</ref> !Ayyuka !Mafi ƙarancin, lita / rana !Yankin / rana |- |Ruwa mai sha |5 |2–5 |- |Ayyukan tsabtace muhalli |20 |20–75 |- |Yin wanka |15 |5–70 |- |Abincin dafa abinci da dafa abinci |10 |10–50 |} A farkon karni na 21, musamman a yankunan birane da cibiyoyin jama'a, kayan aikin tsakiya na gargajiya ba su iya samar da isasshen ruwa don ci gaba da buƙata mai girma ba. Daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da aka sarrafa sune amfani da fasahar cire gishiri, wannan ya fi yawa a yankunan bakin teku da ƙasashe "bisha" kamar Ostiraliya. Rarraba kayan aikin ruwa ya karu sosai a matsayin mafita mai inganci ciki har da [[Girbi ruwan sama]] da girbi na ruwan sama inda manufofi ke ci gaba da amfani da hankali da kuma samar da ra'ayoyin shigar da ruwa kamar "Fit for Purpose". [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ingancin sabis == ingancin sabis na samar da ruwa yana da girma da yawa: ci gaba; [[ingancin ruwa]]; matsin lamba; da kuma matakin amsawa na masu ba da sabis ga korafin abokan ciniki. Mutane da yawa a Kasashe masu tasowa suna karɓar ƙarancin sabis. === Ci gaba da samarwa === Ci gaba da samar da ruwa ana ɗaukarsa a cikin mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa amma matsala ce mai tsanani a ƙasashe masu ci gaba da yawa, inda wani lokacin ana ba da ruwa ne kawai na 'yan sa'o'i a kowace rana ko 'yan kwanaki a mako; wato, yana da tsinkaye. Wannan yana da matsala musamman ga ƙauyuka na al'ada, waɗanda galibi ba su da alaƙa da hanyar samar da ruwa kuma ba su da hanyar samun madadin hanyoyin kamar masu zaman kansu. An kiyasta cewa kusan rabin yawan mutanen kasashe masu tasowa suna karɓar ruwa a kan lokaci-lokaci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dagdeviren |first=Hulya |last2=Robertson |first2=Simon A. |date=2011-06-02 |title=Access to Water in the Slums of Sub-Saharan Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2011.00543.x |journal=Development Policy Review |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=485–505 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7679.2011.00543.x |issn=0950-6764 |s2cid=153624406 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Ingancin ruwa === [[ingancin ruwa]] sha yana da ƙananan halittu da kuma yanayin jiki. Akwai dubban sigogi na ingancin ruwa. A cikin tsarin samar da ruwa na jama'a ya kamata a kashe ruwa, aƙalla - galibi ta hanyar amfani da chlorination ko amfani da hasken ultraviolet - ko kuma yana iya buƙatar samun magani, musamman ma a yanayin [[Ruwa na sama]]. Ingancin ruwa kuma ya dogara da inganci da matakin gurɓataccen tushen ruwa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Matsin ruwa === [[Fayil:Model_of_pumping_engine_023.jpg|left|thumb|Misali na 1880s na injin famfo, a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Herne BayGidan kayan gargajiya na Herne Bay]] Matsi na ruwa ya bambanta a wurare daban-daban na tsarin rarrabawa. Rashin ruwa a ƙasa da titin na iya aiki a matsin lamba mafi girma, tare da mai rage matsin lamba a kowane matsayi inda ruwa ya shiga gini ko gida. A cikin tsarin da ba a sarrafa shi sosai ba, matsin ruwa na iya zama ƙasa sosai don haifar da ruwa mai yawa ko kuma yana haifar da lalacewar kayan aikin famfo da sharar ruwa. Matsin lamba a cikin tsarin ruwa na birane yawanci ana kiyaye shi ko dai ta hanyar tankin ruwa mai matsin lamba wanda ke aiki a cikin birni, ta hanyar tura ruwa zuwa cikin hasumiyar ruwa da dogaro da nauyi don kula da matsin lamba a cikin tsari ko kuma kawai ta hanyar famfo a tashar kula da ruwa da tashoshin famfo mai maimaitawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Typical UK pressures are 4–5 bar (60–70 PSI) for an urban supply.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2011}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> However, some people can get over eight bars or below one bar. A single iron main pipe may cross a deep valley, it will have the same nominal pressure, however each consumer will get a bit more or less because of the hydrostatic pressure (about 1 bar/10 m height). So people at the bottom of a {{Convert|100|ft|m}} hill will get about 3 bars more than those at the top.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}} Matsin matsin lamba kuma ya bambanta saboda asarar matsin lamba saboda juriya ta samarwa, har ma da matsin lamba iri ɗaya. Mai amfani da birni na iya samun mita 5 na bututun 15-mm da ke gudana daga babban ƙarfe, don haka kwararar bututun kicin ba za ta kasance mai iyaka ba. Abokin ciniki na karkara na iya samun kilomita na bututun ƙarfe mai tsatsa da tsatsa mai tsatsa 22mm, don haka kwararar bututun kicin su zai zama karami. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Saboda wannan dalili, tsarin ruwa na cikin gida na Burtaniya ya yi amfani da tsarin "abinci na cisterna", inda aka haɗa wadata mai shigowa da sink na kicin da kuma tankin mai kai / ajiya a cikin Attic. Ruwa na iya shiga cikin wannan tanki ta hanyar bututu na 12 mm, tare da bawul ɗin ball, sannan kuma samar da gidan a kan bututu na 22 ko 28 mm. Ruwa mai nauyi yana da karamin matsin lamba (a ce bar a cikin gidan wanka) don haka yana buƙatar bututu mai faɗi don ba da izini ga mafi girma. Wannan yana da kyau ga wanka da bayan gida amma sau da yawa bai isa ga ruwan sama ba. Ana shigar da famfo mai haɓaka ko [[Hydrophore (system)|hydrophore]] don ƙarawa da kiyaye matsin lamba. Saboda wannan dalili gidajen birane suna ƙara amfani da bututun matsin lamba ("combies") wanda ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don cika wanka amma ya dace da matsin lamba na baya na wanka.&nbsp;&nbsp;  == Hakki na ma'aikata da shugabanci == Cibiyoyi iri-iri suna da alhakin samar da ruwa. Bambanci na asali shine tsakanin cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin manufofi da ka'idoji a gefe guda; da cibiyoyin ke da alƙawarin samar da ayyuka a gefe guda. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Manufofin da ka'idoji === [[Fayil:Water_Crisis.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Gargaɗin Rikicin ruwa na Cape Town, Yuli 2018]] Water supply policies and regulation are usually defined by one or several Ministries, in consultation with the legislative branch. In the United States the United States Environmental Protection Agency, whose administrator reports directly to the President, is responsible for water and sanitation policy and standard setting within the executive branch. In other countries responsibility for sector policy is entrusted to a Ministry of Environment (such as in Mexico and Colombia), to a Ministry of Health (such as in Panama, Honduras and Uruguay), a Ministry of Public Works (such as in Ecuador and [[Haiti]]), a Ministry of Economy (such as in German states) or a Ministry of Energy (such as in [[Iran]]). A few countries, such as [[Jodan|Jordan]] and Bolivia, even have a Ministry of Water. Often several Ministries share responsibilities for water supply.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> In the European Union, important policy functions have been entrusted to the supranational level. Policy and regulatory functions include the setting of tariff rules and the approval of tariff increases; setting, monitoring and enforcing norms for quality of service and environmental protection; benchmarking the performance of service providers; and reforms in the structure of institutions responsible for service provision. The distinction between policy functions and regulatory functions is not always clear-cut. In some countries they are both entrusted to Ministries, but in others regulatory functions are entrusted to agencies that are separate from Ministries.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2011}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Hukumomin sarrafawa === Kasashe da yawa a duniya sun kafa hukumomin tsarawa don ayyukan ababen more rayuwa, gami da sau da yawa samar da ruwa da tsaftacewa, don kare masu amfani da inganta inganci. Ana iya ba da hukumomin sarrafawa da ayyuka iri-iri, gami da amincewa da karuwar farashi da gudanar da tsarin bayanai na bangarori, gami na tsarin ma'auni. Wani lokaci kuma suna da izini don warware korafe-korafe daga masu amfani waɗanda ba a bi da su da gamsarwa ba. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi na musamman ana sa ran su kasance masu ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa wajen tsara masu ba da sabis fiye da sassan ma'aikatun gwamnati. Hukumomin da ke da iko ya kamata su kasance masu cin gashin kansu daga reshen zartarwa na gwamnati, amma a kasashe da yawa sau da yawa ba su iya yin amfani da babban ikon cin gashin kai ba. A cikin Amurka hukumomin da ke kula da kayan aiki sun wanzu kusan kusan ƙarni guda a matakin jihohi, kuma a [[Kanada]] a matakin larduna. A cikin ƙasashe biyu suna rufe bangarori da yawa na ababen more rayuwa. A jihohin Amurka da yawa ana kiransu Kwamitin Amfani da Jama'a. Ga Ingila da Wales, an kirkiro hukumar kula da ruwa (OFWAT) a matsayin wani ɓangare na mallakar Masana'antar ruwa a shekarar 1989. A kasashe masu tasowa da yawa, an kirkiro hukumomin kula da ruwa a cikin shekarun 1990 tare da kokarin kara yawan masu zaman kansu. (don ƙarin bayani game da hukumomin sarrafawa a Latin Amurka, alal misali, don Allah duba Ruwa da tsabta a Latin Amurka da ƙungiyar yanki na hukumomin sarrafa ruwa ADERASA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aderasa {{!}} Asociacion de Entes Reguladores de Agua y Saneamiento de las Americas |url=http://www.aderasa.org}}</ref> ) Kasashe da yawa ba su da hukumomin sarrafa ruwa. A cikin waɗannan ƙasashe masu ba da sabis suna sarrafawa kai tsaye ta karamar hukuma, ko gwamnatin ƙasa. Wannan shi ne, alal misali, lamarin a cikin ƙasashen nahiyar Turai, a China da Indiya. [dubious - tattauna] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (June 2011)">dubious</span></nowiki>&#x20;&#x2013; discuss''&#x5D;</sup> Masu ba da sabis na samar da ruwa, waɗanda galibi kayan aiki ne, sun bambanta da juna dangane da iyakokin yankin su dangane da iyakokinsu na gudanarwa; iyakokin bangarorin su; tsarin mallakar su; da shirye-shiryen shugabancin su. Har zuwa zamanin Haskakawa, an sami ci gaba kaɗan a cikin samar da ruwa da tsabtace jiki kuma an yi watsi da ƙwarewar injiniya na Romawa a duk faɗin Turai. Ya kasance a cikin karni na 18 cewa yawan jama'a da ke ƙaruwa da sauri ya haifar da haɓaka a cikin kafa hanyoyin samar da ruwa masu zaman kansu a [[Landan]].<ref name="ph.ucla.edu">{{Cite web |title=Brief History During the Snow Era |url=http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/lambeth_waterworks_a2.html |access-date=2021-02-26 |website=www.ph.ucla.edu}}</ref> Kayan aikin samar da ruwa na London sun bunkasa a cikin ƙarni da yawa daga farkon hanyoyin zamani, ta hanyar manyan ayyukan magani na ƙarni na 19 da aka gina don mayar da martani ga barazanar kwalara, zuwa manyan tafkuna na zamani. An ba da izini na farko a cikin 1845 ta hanyar Guest da Chrimes, wani ma'aikatar tagulla a Rotherham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Little About Tap History |url=http://plumber.whangarei.biz/a-little-about-tap-history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109195319/http://plumber.whangarei.biz/a-little-about-tap-history/ |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=17 December 2012}}</ref> === Karfin latsawar ruwa === Karfin latsawar ruwa yana bambanta a wurare daban-daban na tsarin rarraba ruwa. manyan bututun ruwa na karkashin titi suna iya aiki a kan babban karfin latsawa, tare da na'urar rage karfin latsawa da ke kowane bangare da ruwa ke shiga cikin gini ko gida. A cikin tsarin da ba a sarrafa shi da kyau ba, karfin latsawar ruwa na iya yin kasa sosai wanda hakan zai sa ruwan ya rika diga kawai ko kuma ya yi yawa sosai wanda hakan zai kai ga lalacewar kayayyakin famfo da bata ruwa. Yawancin lokaci ana kula da karfin latsawa a cikin tsarin ruwa na birni ta hanyar babban tankin ruwa mai matsin lamba da ke hidima ga yankin birni, ta hanyar tura ruwan sama zuwa hasumiya ta ruwa da dogaro ga karfin nauyi don kula da daidaiton karfin latsawa a cikin tsarin ko kuma kawai ta hanyar famfo a masana'antar tace ruwa da kuma tashoshin famfo na nesa.{{cn|date=January 2024}} Karfin latsawa na yau da kullum a Burtaniya (UK) shine bar 4 zuwa 5 don samar da ruwa a birni.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Duk da haka, wasu mutane na iya samun sama da bar 8 ko kasa da bar 1. Bututun karfe guda daya na iya tsallake wani kwari mai zurfi, zai kasance yana da matsin lamba iri daya na suna, sai dai kowane mai amfani zai sami kadan fiye ko kasa saboda karfin latsawa na ruwa (kusan bar 1 a kowane tsayi na m 10). Don haka mutane a kasan tsaunin da ke da tsayin kafa 100 za su sami kusan bar 3 fiye da wadanda ke saman tsaunin.{{cn|date=January 2024}} Ingantaccen karfin latsawar kuma yana bambanta saboda asarar matsin lamba sakamakon juriya na samar da ruwa, koda ga matsin lamba na tsit iri daya. Mai amfani na birni yana iya samun bututun milimita 15 mai tsayin mita 5 da ke gudana daga babban bututun karfe, don hivyo kwararar famfo na dakin girki ba zai sami cikas sosai ba. Mai amfani na karkara kuma yana iya samun kilomita guda na bututun karfe mai tsatsa da farar kasa na milimita 22, don haka kwararar famfo na dakin girkinsu zai kasance kadan.{{cn|date=January 2024}} A saboda wannan dalili, tsarin ruwan gida na Burtaniya a al'adance (kafin 1989) yana amfani da tsarin "akwatin ajiyar ruwa", inda ake hada ruwan da ke shigowa da mazaunin wanke kwanuka na dakin girki da kuma tankin ajiya a cikin babban daki na saman gida. Ruwa na iya diga zuwa cikin wannan tanki ta hanyar bututun milimita 12, tare da bawul mai gora, sannan ya samar wa gidan ruwa a kan bututun milimita 22 ko 28. Ruwa na karfin nauyi yana da karamin matsin lamba (kusan bar 0.25 a dakin wanka) don haka yana bukatar faffadan bututu don ba da damar kwarara mafi girma. Wannan yana da kyau ga bahon wanka da bandaki amma masana yawanci bai isa ba ga shawa. Ana shigar da famfo mai kara karfi ko hydrofole don karantawa da kula da karfin latsawa. A saboda wannan dalili, gidajen birni suna kara amfani da tukunyar jirgi na matsin lamba ("combies") wadanda ke daukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin su cika bahon wanka amma sun dace da babban matsin lamba na shawa. == Nauyin cibiyoyi da shugabanci == Cibiyoyi daban-daban suna da nauyi a kan samar da ruwa. Bambanci na asali shine tsakanin cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin manufofi da tsari a gefe guda; da kuma cibiyoyin da ke kula da samar da ayyuka a daya gefen.{{cn|date=May 2024}} == Manufofi da tsari == Manufofin samar da ruwa da tsari yawanci ma'aikatun gwamnati guda daya ko da yawa ne ke bayyana su, tare da shawarwari daga bangaren kafa doka. A Amurka Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, wacce babban jami'inta ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Shugaban Kasa, ita ke da alhakin manufofin ruwa da tsaftace muhalli da kafa ka'idoji a cikin bangaren zartarwa. A wasu kasashen kuma ana danka alhakin manufofin bangaren ga Ma'aikatar Muhalli (kamar a Meziko da Kolombiya), ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya (kamar a Panama, Honduras da Uruguay), Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a (kamar a Ekwador da Haiti), Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki (kamar a jihohin Jamus) ko Ma'aikatar Makamashi (kamar a Iran). Wasu tsirarun kasashe, kamar Jordan da Bolibiya, har ma suna da Ma'aikatar Ruwa. Sau da yawa ma'aikatun gwamnati da dama suna raba nauyi don samar da ruwa.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} A cikin Tarayyar Turai, an danka muhimman ayyukan manufofi ga matakin kungiyar kasashen. Ayyukan manufofi da na tsari sun hada da kafa ka'idojin haraji da amincewa da kararin haraji; kafa, sanya idanu da tilasta aiwatar da ka'idoji don ingancin sabis da kariya ga muhalli; auna kwatancen ayyukan masu samar da sabis; da gyare-gyare a cikin tsarin cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin samar da sabis. Bambanci tsakanin ayyukan manufofi da ayyukan tsari ba koyaushe yake a bayyane ba. A wasu kasashen duka biyun ana danka su ga ma'aikatun gwamnati, amma a wasu ayyukan tsari ana danka su ga hukumomin da ke daban da ma'aikatun gwamnati.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} ==== Hukumomin tsari ==== {{more citations needed|section|date=February 2019}} Dozen-dozen na kasashe a fadin duniya sun kafa hukumomin tsari don ayyukan more rayuwa, gami da samar da ruwa da tsaftace muhalli akai-akai, domin kare masu amfani da kyau da kuma inganta dacewa. Ana iya danka wa hukumomin tsari ayyuka daban-daban, gami da amincewa da kararin haraji da gudanar da tsarin bayanan bangaren, gami da tsarin auna kwatance. Wani lokaci suna da izini don daidaita koke-koken masu amfani wadanda masu samar da sabis ba su magance su yadda ya kamata ba. Wadannan keɓaɓɓun hukumomi ana sa ran za su kasance mafi kwarewa da adalci wajen tsara masu samar da sabis fiye da sassan Ma'aikatun gwamnati. Hukumomin tsari ya kamata su kasance masu cin gashin kansu daga bangaren zartarwa na gwamnati, amma a kasashe da yawa galibi ba su iya yin amfani da babban matakin cin gashin kai ba. A Amurka hukumomin tsari na kayan more rayuwa sun wanzu kusan karni guda a matakin jihohi, kuma a Kanada a matakin larduna. A duka kasashen biyu suna rufe sassan more rayuwa da yawa. A cikin jihohin Amurka da yawa ana kiran su Hukumar Kayan Amfani na Jama'a. Ga Ingila da Wales, an kafa hukumar tsari na ruwa (OFWAT) a matsayin wani bangare na mayar da masana'antar ruwa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a shekarar 1989. A yawancin kasashe masu tasowa, an kafa hukumomin tsara ruwa a lokacin shekarun 1990 daidai da kokarin kara shigar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. (don kararin cikakkun bayanai kan hukumomin tsari a Latin Amurka, alal misali, da fatan a duba kungiyar yanki na hukumomin tsara ruwa ADERASA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aderasa.org |title = Aderasa {{!}} Asociacion de Entes Reguladores de Agua y Saneamiento de las Americas}}</ref>) Kasashe da yawa ba su da hukumomin tsara ruwa. A wadannan kasashen gwamnatin gida, ko gwamnatin kasa ce ke tsara masu samar da sabis kai tsaye. Wannan shine, alal misali, lamarin a kasashen yankin Turai, a China da Indiya.{{Dubious|date=June 2011}} === Samar da sabis === Masu samar da sabis na samar da ruwa, wadanda galibi kamfanonin amfanin jama'a ne, sun bambanta da juna ta fuskar tsarin yanayin kasa dangane da iyakokin gudanarwa; tsarin bangarentu; tsarin mallakarsu; da tsare-tsaren shugabancinsu. ==== Tsarin yanayin kasa ==== Kamfanonin ruwa da yawa suna samar da ayyuka ne a cikin birni guda, gari ko karamar hukuma. Duk da haka, a kasashe da yawa kananan hukumomi sun hadu a cikin yankuna ko tsakanin kananan hukumomi ko kamfanoni masu iko da yawa don amfana daga tattalin arziki na siki. A Amurka wadannan na iya daukar nauyin gundumomi na musamman wadanda ke da ikon sanya haraji mai zaman kansa. Misali na kamfanin ruwa mai iko da yawa a Amurka shine WASA, kamfani ne da ke hidima ga [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] da sassa daban-daban a jihar Maryland. Kamfanonin da ke da iko da yawa kuma sun zama ruwan dare a Jamus, inda aka san su da "Zweckverbaende", a Faransa da kuma Italiya. A wasu kasashen tarayya, akwai masu samar da sabis na ruwa wadanda ke rufe yawancin ko duka birane da garuruwa a cikin jihar gaba daya, kamar a duka jihohin Brazil da wasu jihohi a Meziko. A Ingila da Wales, ana samar da ruwa da kwashe kazanta kusan gaba daya ta hanyar kamfanonin yanki guda goma. Wasu kananan kasashe, musamman kasashe masu tasowa, sun kafa masu samar da sabis wadanda ke rufe daukacin kasar ko akalla yawancin biranenta da manyan garuruwanta. Irin wadannan masu samar da sabis na kasa sun fi yawa a Afirka ta Yamma da Amurka ta Tsakiya, amma kuma sun wanzu, alal misali, a Tunisiya, Jordan da Uruguay. A yankunan karkara, inda kusan rabin al'ummar duniya ke rayuwa, ayyukan ruwa galibi ba kamfanoni ke samar da su ba, sai dai kungiyoyin al'umma wadanda yawanci ke rufe gari guda ko wani lokacin garuruwa da yawa. ==== Tsarin bangare ==== Wasu kamfanonin ruwa suna samar da ayyukan samar da ruwa ne kawai, yayin da kwashe kazanta ke karkashin nauyin wata hukuma daban. Wannan shine lamarin alal misali a Tunisiya. Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta kamfanonin ruwa suna samar da ayyukan kwashe kazanta da tace ruwan kazanta. A wasu birane ko kasashe kamfanonin kuma suna rarraba wutar lantarki. A wasu 'yan lokuta irin wadannan kamfanoni masu ayyuka da yawa suna tara daddatun shara da samar da ayyukan tarho na gida. Misali na irin wannan hadadden kamfani ana iya samunsa a birnin Medellín na Kolombiya. Kamfanonin da ke samar da ruwa, tsaftace muhalli da wutar lantarki ana iya samunsu a Frankfurt, Jamus (Mainova), a Casablanca, Maroko da kuma Gabon a Afirka ta Yamma. Kamfanoni masu ayyuka da yawa suna ba da wasu shawarwari kamar lissafin kudi na bai daya da zabin tallafawa ayyukan ruwa tare da kudaden shiga daga tallace-tallacen wutar lantarki, idan doka ta ba da dama. ==== Mallaka da tsare-tsaren shugabanci ==== Masu samar da samar da ruwa suna iya kasancewa na gwamnati, masu zaman kansu, hadin gwiwar gwamnati da masu zaman kansu ko na kungiyar hadin kai. Yawancin ayyukan samar da ruwa na birni a fadin duniya kungiyoyin gwamnati ne ke samar da su. Kamar yadda Willem-Alexander, Yariman Orange (2002) ya bayyana, "Rikicin ruwa da ke shafar mutane da yawa shine mafi yawancin rikicin shugabanci — ba na karancin ruwa ba." Gabatar da haraji mai nuna farashin gaske tare da tallafi na ketare tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta masu amfani shine muhimmin gyaran shugabanci domin rage yawan matakan ruwan da ba a lissafa shi ba (UAW) da kuma samar da kudaden da ake bukata don fadada hanyar sadarwa ga wadancan gidaje mafi fama da talauci wadanda har yanzu ba su da lamba. Tsare-tsaren hadin gwiwa tsakanin bangaren gwamnati da masu zaman kansu na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa domin cimma wannan buri.<ref>Nickson, Andrew & Francey, Richard, Tapping the Market: The Challenge of Institutional Reform in the Urban Water Sector, 2003</ref> ===== Shigar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ===== Kimanin kashi 10 cikin dari na samar da ruwa a birni kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko hadin gwiwar gwamnati da masu zaman kansu ke samar da shi, yawanci karkashin yarjejeniyar mika mulki, hayar ko kwangilar gudanarwa. Karkashin wadannan tsare-tsaren kwangilar sabis na ruwa, hukumar gwamnati wacce ke da alhakin samar da sabis a shari'ance tana wakilta wasu ko daukacin bangarorin samar da sabis ga mai samar da sabis mai zaman kansa na tsawon lokaci yawanci daga shekaru 4 zuwa 30. Hukumar gwamnati tana ci gaba da mallakar kadarorin. Wadannan tsare-tsaren sun zama ruwan dare a Faransa da kuma Spain. A wasu kalilan na sassan duniya ne kawai aka sayar da tsarin samar da ruwa gaba daya ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu (mayar da kadarori ga masu zaman kansu), kamar a Ingila da Wales da kuma Chile. Mafi manyan kamfanonin ruwa masu zaman kansu a duniya sune Suez da Veolia Environnement daga Faransa; Aguas de Barcelona daga Spain; da kuma Thames Water daga UK, wadanda duka suna gudanar da ayyuka a matakin kasa da kasa. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, birane da dama sun koma ga bangaren gwamnati a cikin tsarin da ake kira "dawo da kamfanoni ga kananan hukumomi".<ref>{{cite book |title=www.tni.org/tnibook/remunicipalisation |url=http://www.tni.org/tnibook/remunicipalisation |publisher=Transnational Institute/Municipal Services Project/Corporate European Observatory |year=2012}}</ref> ===== Samar da sabis na ruwa na gwamnati ===== Kashi 90 cikin dari na samar da ruwa a birni da ayyukan tsaftace muhalli a halin yanzu suna cikin bangaren gwamnati. Jiha ko hukumomin gida, ko kuma kungiyoyin hadin kai ne suka mallake su. Suna aiki ne ba tare da nufin samun riba ba amma sun ginu ne a kan manufar samar da moriyar juna da ake daukarta a matsayin maslahar jama'a. A yawancin kasashe masu matsakaici da mazauna masu karamin karfi, wadannan masu samar da ruwa na gwamnati da ake gudanarwa suna iya zama marasa inganci sakamakon katsalandan na siyasa, wanda ke kai ga yawan ma'aikata da karancin aikin ma'aikata. {{Citation needed|date=June 2021}} Abin mamaki shine, babban wanda ke yin asara daga wannan tsari na cibiyoyi sune matalautan birni a wadannan kasashen. Saboda ba su da alaka da hanyar sadarwar samar da ruwa, suna kawo karshen biyan kudi mai yawa a kowace lita ta ruwa fiye da gidaje masu dukiya wadanda ke da alaka da hanyar sadarwa wadanda ke amfana daga tallafin da suke samu daga kamfanonin da ke tafka asara. Kasancewar har yanzu muna da nisa sosai daga cimma damar samun tsaftataccen ruwa da tsaftace muhalli na kowa da kowa yana nuna cewa hukumomin ruwa na gwamnati, a halin da suke ciki, ba sa aiki da kyau sosai. Duk da haka wasu suna samun nasara sosai kuma suna nuna mafi kyawun nau'ikan gudanarwar gwamnati. Kamar yadda Ryutaro Hashimoto, tsohon Firayim Ministan Japan, ya bayyana: "Ayyukan ruwa na gwamnati a halin yanzu suna samar da sama da kashi 90 cikin dari na samar da ruwa a duniya. Kadan ingantawa a cikin masu gudanar da ruwa na gwamnati zai sami babban tasiri a kan samar da ayyuka na duniya."<ref>[http://www.tni.org/primer/reforming-public-water-services Reforming public water services, A beginner's guide] by the Water Justice Project on Transnational Institute</ref> ===== Tsare-tsaren shugabanci ===== Tsare-tsaren shugabanci ga duka kamfanonin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu na iya daukar nau'ika da yawa.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Kurian |editor-first1=Mathew |editor-last2=McCarney |editor-first2=Patricia |title=Peri-urban Water and Sanitation Services: Policy, Planning and Method |year=2010 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-90-481-9424-7 |pages=300 |url=https://www.springer.com/law/environmental/book/978-90-481-9424-7}}</ref> Tsare-tsaren shugabanci suna bayyana alaka tsakanin mai samar da sabis, masu mallakarsa, abokan cinikinsa da hukumomin tsari. Suna kaddara ikon cin gashin kansa na kudi na mai samar da sabis da kuma ikonsa na kula da kadarorinsa, fadada ayyuka, janyo hankali da rike ma'aikata kwararru, kuma a karshe don samar da ayyuka masu inganci. Muhimman sassa na tsare-tsaren shugabanci sune gwargwadon yadda hukumar da ke da alhakin samar da ayyuka ta kasance mai kariya daga katsalandan na siyasa na son rai; da kuma ko akwai bayyanannen izini da nufin siyasa don ba da damar mai samar da sabis ya dawo da duka ko akalla mafi yawan kudaden da ya kashe ta hanyar haraji da rike wadannan kudaden shiga. Idan samar da ruwa nauyi ne na sashi wanda aka hada shi a cikin gudanarwar birni, gari ko karamar hukuma, akwai hadarin cewa kudaden shiga na haraji za a karkatar da su don wasu dalilai. A wasu lokuta, akwai kuma hadarin cewa ana nada ma'aikata mafi yawancin lokuta a kan dalilai na siyasa maimakon a kan cancantar kwarewarsu. === Daidaitawa === Ka'idojin kasa da kasa don tsarin samar da ruwa suna karkashin Rarraba Ka'idojin Kasa da Kasa (ICS) 91.140.60.<ref name="91wss">{{cite web |last=International Organization for Standardization |author-link=International Organization for Standardization |title=91.140.60: Water supply systems |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_ics_browse?ICS1=91&ICS2=140&ICS3=60&&published=on |access-date=1 March 2008}}</ref> === Kwatanta ayyukan masu samar da ayyukan ruwa da tsaftace muhalli === Kwatanta ayyukan masu samar da ayyukan ruwa da tsaftace muhalli (kamfanoni) ana bukatar sa, saboda bangaren yana ba da takaitaccen fili don gasa ta kai tsaye (ikon mallakar dabi'a). Kamfanonin da ke aiki a kasuwanni masu gasa suna karkashin matsin lamba akai-akai don yin fice fiye da juna. Kamfanonin ruwa galibi suna da kariya daga wannan matsin lamba, kuma hakan yana bayyana akai-akai: wasu kamfanonin suna kan hanyar ingantawa mai dorewa, amma wasu da yawa suna ci gaba da fadowa baya ga mafi kyawun dabarun aiki. Auna kwatancen ayyukan kamfanoni yana ba da damar zaburar da gasa, kafa manufofi na gaske don ingantawa da samar da matsin lamba don cin ma mafi kyawun kamfanoni. Bayani kan ma'aunai na kamfanonin ruwa da tsaftace muhalli ana samar da shi ta hanyar Hanyar Sadarwar Auna Kwatancen Kasa da Kasa na Kamfanonin Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ib-net.org/ |title=IBNET |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2018-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818123101/https://www.ib-net.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == g901c2dcc2if7usoxjyoj6mayln6fev Folly Bah Thibault 0 99497 891436 790915 2026-08-04T19:06:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Folly Bah Thibault (an haife ta a shekara ta 1978) 'yar jaridar Guinea ce ta Faransa, kuma babban mai gabatarwa ga Al Jazeera English . An san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu ba da shawara a duniya game da ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=Renowned Journalist Folly Bah Thibault Is ECW’s New Global Champion {{!}} African Examiner |url=https://www.africanexaminer.com/renowned-journalist-folly-bah-thibault-is-ecws-new-global-champion/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227194811/https://www.africanexaminer.com/renowned-journalist-folly-bah-thibault-is-ecws-new-global-champion/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Jazeera’s Folly Bah Thibault appointed to UN education fund |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/al-jazeeras-folly-bah-thibault-appointed-to-un-education-fund |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Howard Experience |url=https://z4howard.tumblr.com/post/96171044759/folly-bah-thibault-anchor-journalist-and |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Tumblr |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma Wanda ya kafa Elle Ira à l'Ecole, tushe da ke inganta ilimi ga 'yan mata a [[Gini|Guinea]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault {{!}} Global Africa Business Initiative |url=https://gabi.unglobalcompact.org/node/134 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=gabi.unglobalcompact.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elle ira à l'école – Fondation Kesso Bah |url=https://www.elleiraalecole.org/en/home-us/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-08 |title=ECW High-Level Interview with New ECW Global Champion, Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/05/ecw-high-level-interview-new-ecw-global-champion-folly-bah-thibault/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Inter Press Service}}</ref>&nbsp; == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Guinee_carte.png|thumb|Conakry, Guinea]] An haifi Folly a [[Conakry]], Guinea a shekara ta 1978. Ta yi yarinta a Conakry kafin iyalinta su koma [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO – Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.follybahthibault.com/portfolio/bio-3/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ilimi == [[Fayil:Howard_University_Washington_DC_-_Founders_Library.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Howard]] Folly Bah Thibault ta sami digiri na biyu a cikin wallafe-wallafen Faransanci tare da girmamawa. Daga nan sai ta bi karatun sakandare kuma ta sami digiri na farko a fannin yada labarai daga Jami'ar Howard a Amurka, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin sadarwa ta duniya daga Jami'an Amurka da ke Washington, DC. Tana da ƙwarewa a Faransanci, Turanci, da Peuhl, tana kuma da kyakkyawar fahimtar Mutanen Espanya da [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO – Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.follybahthibault.com/portfolio/bio-3/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Jazeera’s Folly Bah Thibault appointed to UN education fund |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/27/al-jazeeras-folly-bah-thibault-appointed-to-un-education-fund |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.wise-qatar.org/biography/folly-bah-thibault/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=WISE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault {{!}} Global Africa Business Initiative |url=https://gabi.unglobalcompact.org/node/134 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=gabi.unglobalcompact.org}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:France_24_television_studio_-_2021.jpg|thumb|Faransa 24 Talabijin Studio]] [[Fayil:Al_jazeera_english_newsroom_-_5115104666.jpg|thumb|Al Jazeera Newsroom na Turanci]] Tafiyar watsa shirye-shiryen Folly Bah Thibault ta fara kusan shekaru ashirin da suka gabata a [[Muryan Amurka|Muryar Amurka]] a Washington DC, inda ta dauki bakuncin wani shirin da nufin sake hada iyalai da suka rabu da rikici a [[Saliyo]] da [[Laberiya]]. Daga baya ta yi aiki a Rediyon Faransa na Duniya a Paris kafin ta shiga gidan talabijin na Faransa24 a matsayin mai ba da labari. A shekara ta 2010, ta zama babban mai gabatarwa ga Al Jazeera English . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Reporter |date=2024-02-26 |title=Folly Bah Thibault: Championing Girls' Education Globally |url=https://shesightmag.com/folly-bah-thibault-championing-girls-education-globally/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=SheSight |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BIO – Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.follybahthibault.com/portfolio/bio-3/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault {{!}} Doha Forum |url=https://dohaforum.org/speakers/folly-bah-thibault |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=dohaforum.org |archive-date=2024-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225145813/https://dohaforum.org/speakers/folly-bah-thibault |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rufe muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a duniya kamar Arab Spring da rikice-rikice a [[Siriya]], [[Yemen]], da [[Libya]]. An san ta a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan jarida a duniya, tare da aikinta yana haskakawa kan rikice-rikicen da aka yi watsi da su a duk duniya Folly a matsayin sanannen mai gudanarwa, ta dauki bakuncin muhawara ta farko ta' yan takarar Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Yulin 2016, kuma a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin Nobel Peace Prize Interview a [[Oslo]] a watan Disamba na 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-19 |title=SS12_Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.nairobisummiticpd.org/speaker/ss12folly-bah-thibault |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Nairobi Summit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lubin |first=Gus |date=Mar 27, 2011 |title=Al Jazeera Confronts A Syrian Spokeswoman Over The Massacre Of Protesters |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/reem-haddad-syria-2011-3 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=‘We need solutions’, not cynicism; UN Assembly President urges world leaders to do more to tackle global ills {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1047232 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=news.un.org |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317212726/https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1047232 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=webmaster |title=Al Jazeera to host Global Town Hall debate with UN sec-gen candidates |url=https://www.qatar-tribune.com/article/12088/NATION/Al-Jazeera-to-host-Global-Town-Hall-debate-with-UN-sec-gen-candidates |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera to host Global Town Hall debate with UN sec-gen candidates}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Focus on reform takes centre stage at UN debate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/7/13/un-debate-candidates-for-top-job-debate-on-live-tv |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ta yi hira da masu karɓar kyautar zaman lafiya ciki har da tsohon shugaban Colombia Juan Manuel Santos, dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan Congo Denis Mukwege, Kailash Satyarthi, da kuma mai fafutukar Iraqi [[Nadia Murad]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interviews – Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.follybahthibault.com/portfolio/interviews/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Jazeera English to air live interview with 2016 Nobel Peace Prize winner |url=http://network.aljazeera.net/en/pressroom/al-jazeera-english-air-live-interview-2016-nobel-peace-prize-winner |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera Media Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2016 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2016/summary/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Folly ta kuma yi hira da wasu manyan shugabannin duniya kamar; [[Amina J. Mohammed|Amina Mohammed]], mace mafi girma a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Sakatare Janar, shugaban dama na Faransa Marine Le Pen, tsohon shugaban Kenya Uhuru Kenyatta, tsohon shugaban Senegal Macky Sall, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma mai fafutuka [[Wole Soyinka]], da kuma mawaƙin Senegalese-Amurka [[Akon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=africaupdates.com: News: Global Africa Business Initiative Announces World-class Lineup for ‘unstoppable Africa’ 2023 Event |url=https://www.africaupdates.com/News/News.aspx?NewsId=15715 |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.africaupdates.com }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Atqnews |date=2015-02-07 |title=Akon ask African Americans to come back to Africa |url=https://atqnews.com/akon-ask-african-americans-to-come-back-to-africa/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=ATQ News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Events 2022 Archive – Page 9 of 10 |url=https://globalgoalsweek.org/events2022/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Global Goals Week |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-05 |title=Presidential Lecture: H.E. Macky Sall, President of Senegal |url=https://www.wto.org/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.wto.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-24 |title=Folly Bah Thibault, the journalist on a mission for education |url=https://www.euronews.com/business/2024/02/24/folly-bah-thibault-the-journalist-changing-the-story-on-girls-education |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> Ta bayar da rahoto sosai game da manyan abubuwan da suka faru a duniya, ciki har da tsunami na 2004 da kuma zaben [[Barack Obama]] a matsayin Shugaban Amurka a 2008. Ta kai farmaki fiye da abubuwan da suka faru don haɗawa da batutuwan jin kai da baƙi a duk faɗin nahiyoyi. Folly ta sami tattaunawar kwamitin matsakaici da manyan tarurruka ga kungiyoyi ciki har da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Tarayyar Turai, [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], da Cibiyar Brookings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Focus on reform takes centre stage at UN debate |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/7/13/un-debate-candidates-for-top-job-debate-on-live-tv |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Books |url=https://www.brookings.edu/programs/foreign-policy/books/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Events 2022 Archive – Page 9 of 10 |url=https://globalgoalsweek.org/events2022/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Global Goals Week |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Special Event |url=https://www.unfoodsystemshub.org/fs-stocktaking-moment/programme/africa-special-event/en |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=UNFoodSystems |language=en}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, an nada Folly Bah Thibault a matsayin Gwarzon Duniya na Ilimi Ba zai iya Jira ba (ECW), asusun Duniya na Duniya don ilimi a cikin gaggawa da rikice-rikicen da suka daɗe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ECW Interviews Folly Bah Thibault, ECW Global Champion |url=https://www.educationcannotwait.org/news-stories/featured-content/ecw-interviews-folly-bah-thibault-ecw-global-champion |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Education Cannot Wait |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndungidi |first=Patrick |date=2023-04-28 |title=Folly Bah Thibault Appointed as Education Cannot Wait Global Champion |url=https://africanshapers.com/en/folly-bah-thibault-appointed-as-education-cannot-wait-global-champion/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=African Shapers |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Janjuha-Jivraj |first=Dr Shaheena |title=Strengthening Entrepreneurship For Education In Guinea |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/shaheenajanjuhajivrajeurope/2023/05/10/strengthening-entrepreneurship-for-education-in-guinea/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault Appointed as Education Cannot Wait Global Champion |url=https://moneycompass.com.my/wp-content/uploads/Education_Cannot_Wait-vMTJAe.jpeg |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Money Compass |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230502112950/https://moneycompass.com.my/wp-content/uploads/Education_Cannot_Wait-vMTJAe.jpeg |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyarko |first=Nathan |date=2023-05-02 |title=FOLLY BAH THIBAULT – Newly Appointed Global Champion for Education Cannot Wait |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/folly-bah-thibault-newly-appointed-global-champion-for-education-cannot-wait/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Africa Leaders Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault Appointed as Education Cannot Wait Global Champion |url=https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20230425ae79458/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Australian Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Folly ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya maza uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folly Bah Thibault |url=https://www.wise-qatar.org/biography/folly-bah-thibault/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=WISE |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mjqz9qxl1mnisylxi7n309g48fltowy Gasar Tattaunawa ta Jami'o'in Pan Afirka 0 101634 891517 840018 2026-08-04T21:52:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar muhawara ta Jami'o'in Pan-Afrika''' (PAUDC) ita ce babbar gasar muhawara tsakanin jami'o'i a Afirka, wacce [[Jami'ar Botswana]] Debate Masters Association ta kafa a cikin 2008. Ana gudanar da PAUDC a tsarin mahawara ta Majalisar Biritaniya (wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na mutane biyu a kowace muhawara). <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Ghana Debate Society to Participate in the 11th Pan African Universities Debate Championship {{!}} UG Sports Directorate |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/sports/content/university-ghana-debate-society-participate-11th-pan-african-universities-debate |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.ug.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST Looks For Second Straight Win When They Host PAUDC 2019 {{!}} Campus Informer |url=http://www.campusinformer.org/items.php?iid=1470&title=KNUST%20Looks%20For%20Second%20Straight%20Win%20When%20They%20Host%20PAUDC%202019 |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.campusinformer.org }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST wins Pan-African Universities Debate Championship for second time |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/December-17th/knust-wins-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-for-second-time.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Buga na 2021 na PAUDC shine bugu na 2 da za a gudanar kusan sakamakon hana tafiye-tafiye da sauran batutuwan da cutar ta [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] ta haifar. Jami'ar Botswana Debate Masters Association a [[Botswana|Botswana ce]] ta dauki nauyin gasar a karkashin taken "Channeling Tushen Muhawarar Afirka." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=PAUDC2020 Live: KNUST aims at winning a 3rd consecutive championship as they become the only Ghanaian university to qualify for grande finale |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2020/12/20/paudc2020-live-knust-aims-at-winning-a-3rd-consecutive-championship-as-they-become-the-only-ghanaian-university-to-qualify-for-grande-finale/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Focus Fm KNUST |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=UCC qualifies for the next stage of the ongoing PAUDC-2020 |url=https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/ucc-campus-news/ucc-debate-society-progresses-to-the-next-stage-of-the-ongoing-pan-african-debate-championship/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=Hypercitigh.com |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-03 |title=Botswana to host 2020 PAUDC |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2020/04/03/botswana-to-host-2020-paudc/ |access-date=2020-04-03 |website=Focus Fm |language=en-US}}</ref> Zakaran PAUDC na yanzu sune Menzimuhle Ncube da Providence Nhongo na [[Jami'ar Cape Town|Jami'ar Cape Town.]] Buga na 2025 da bugu na 17 na wannan gasa, za a shirya shi a [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] kuma an tsara shi don 1st - 8th na Disamba 2025. == Tarihi == Ofishin Yanki na Afirka na OSI da Shirin Matasa sun ha]a hannu da kwamitin shirya gasar Muhawara ta Jami'o'in Pan-African (PAUDC) da [[Jami'ar Botswana]] don shirya gasar muhawara ta jami'o'in Pan Afrika karo na farko a 2008 don baiwa ɗalibai daga jami'o'in Afirka daban-daban damar yin tambayoyi game da batutuwan da suka shafi Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugural Pan-African Universities Debating Championship |url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/events/inaugural-pan-african-universities-debating-championship |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.opensocietyfoundations.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei |first=Jennifer |date=2020-01-01 |title=History of Pan African Universities Debate Championship |url=https://www.internewsnetwork.com/history-of-pan-african-universities-debate-championship/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Inter News Network |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128112445/https://www.internewsnetwork.com/history-of-pan-african-universities-debate-championship/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsarin == Ana gudanar da gasar ne a cikin kwanaki takwas. Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin makonni biyu na farkon watan Disamba kuma ana gudanar da shi a wata ƙasa daban kowace shekara Tsarin PAUDC shine Majalisar Dokokin Biritaniya (BP), wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na biyu, tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu goyan bayan motsi, ƙungiyoyi biyu suna adawa. Ƙungiyoyin muhawara masu zaman kansu ne kuma suna gasa da juna. Gasar dai ta kunshi zagayen share fage guda tara, wadanda za su zama “mai karfin iko” yayin da gasar ke ci gaba da yin daidai da kungiyoyi masu karfi da juna. Tsarin zira kwallaye da kuma haɗa waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ana kiran su "tabbing". Alkalai ne ke yin zira kwallaye a kungiyoyin, wadanda akasarinsu dalibai ne ko kuma tsoffin daliban makarantun da suka fafata, sannan su mayar da “katin zabe” da makinsu ga kungiyar masu yanke hukunci, karkashin jagorancin Babban Alkali wanda daya ko fiye da haka ya taimaka. A karshen muhawarar, an sanya kungiyoyi daga na 1 zuwa na 4. Sunayen tawagar sune kamar haka. Bude Gwamnati (OG), wanda ya kunshi Firayim Minista da Mataimakin Firayim Minista; Masu Budaddiyar Adawa (OO), wanda ya kunshi Shugaban 'yan adawa da Mataimakin Shugaban 'yan adawa; Gwamnatin Rufewa (CG), wanda ya ƙunshi memba na gwamnati da mai kare gwamnati; da Rufe Hamayya (CO), wanda ya kunshi dan adawa da kuma bulala na adawa . Umurnin na magana shi ne Firayim Minista, Shugaban 'yan adawa, Mataimakin Firayim Minista, Mataimakin Shugaban 'yan adawa, da dai sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST becomes first in West Africa to win 'Pan African Universities Debate' contest |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2020-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202114707/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jerin gasa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Host City !Hosting Institution !Winning Institution !Final Motion !Best Speaker !Winning team |- |8-14 December 2008 |[[Botswana]], [[Gaborone]] |[[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Free State|University of the Free State]], South Africa | |- |12-18 December 2009 |[[Botswana]], [[Gaborone]] |[[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Rhodes|Rhodes University]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=editor |first=Online |date=10 January 2010 |title=Rhodes University wins 2009 PAUDC debate champions {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/rhodes-university-wins-2009-paudc-debate-champions/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |GF: THW abolish all limits on immigration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-13 |title=EUDC 2009 Newcastle motions {{!}} Debate topics Headquarters |url=https://www.debate-motions.info/eudc-motions/eudc-2009-newcastle-motions/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=Debate Motions Headquarters |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128225352/https://debate-motions.info/eudc-motions/eudc-2009-newcastle-motions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |4-11 December 2010 |[[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Windhoek]] |University of Namibia |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | |- |4-11 December 2011 |[[Zimbabwe]], Bulawayo |Falcon College |Won by the [[Jami'ar Pretoria|University of Pretoria]], South Africa |THW have the African Union take over all peacekeeping duties in Africa |- |9-15 December 2012 |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]], Pretoria |[[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tshwane|Tshwane University of Technology]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], South Africa | |Mighti Jamie <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Breaking News news, breaking stories and comment |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/917457/wits-crowned-debating-champions/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |November 29- December 8, 2013 |[[Najeriya|Nigeria]], Calabar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tabroom.com |url=https://www.tabroom.com/index/tourn/index.mhtml?webpage_id=207&tourn_id=2029 |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.tabroom.com}}</ref> |[[Jami'ar Calabar|University of Calabar]] |Won by the [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], South Africa | |- |4-12 December 2014 |[[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]], Polokwane |[[Jami'ar Limpopo|University of Limpopo]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=uldebatingsociety |date=2014-03-31 |title=PAUDC 2014 aka Kgorong 2.0 (Hosted by The University of Limpopo) |url=https://uldebatingsociety.wordpress.com/2014/03/31/paudc-2014-aka-kgorong-2-0-hosted-by-the-university-of-limpopo/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=uldebatesociety |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Snider |first=Alfred Charles |date=2015-01-11 |title=Debate Motion Central: Pan African Universities Debating Championship 2014 |url=http://debatemotioncentral.blogspot.com/2015/01/pan-african-universities-debating.html |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Debate Motion Central}}</ref> |Won by the [[Jami'ar Botswana|University of Botswana]], Botswana |INFO SLIDE<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-04 |title=Pan Africans Debating Championship 2014 motions |url=https://focusnewsroom.com/2015/01/04/pan-africans-debating-championship-2014-motions/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=Focus Fm |language=en-US}}</ref> THR Kim Kardashian's recent photoshoot. |- |8-17 December 2015 |[[Ghana]], Accra |[[Jami'ar Ghana|University of Ghana]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UG Hosts 8th Pan-African Universities Debate Championship {{!}} University of Ghana |url=https://www.ug.edu.gh/news/ug-hosts-8th-pan-african-universities-debate-championship |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.ug.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Ghana to host the 8th Pan-African Universities Debate Championship - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/December-7th/university-of-ghana-to-host-the-8th-pan-african-universities-debate-championship.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LEGON 2015: Plans so far |url=https://apps.ug.edu.gh/sports/ug-news/293-legon-2015-plans-and-preparations |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=apps.ug.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | |Mighti Jamie <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Breaking News news, breaking stories and comment |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/917457/wits-crowned-debating-champions/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |9-17 December 2016 |[[Zimbabwe]], Gweru |Midlands State University |Won by [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]] | | |- |7-15 December 2017 |[[Kamaru|Cameroon]], Buea |[[Jami'ar Buea|University of Buea]] |Won by Midlands State University, Zimbabwe<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-15 |title=Breaking News: MSU Crowned 2017 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship (PAUDC) Champions |url=https://ww5.msu.ac.zw/blog/2017/12/15/breaking-news-msu-crowned-2017-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-paudc-champions/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Midlands State University |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413130724/https://ww5.msu.ac.zw/blog/2017/12/15/breaking-news-msu-crowned-2017-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-paudc-champions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |Minenhle Nzana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pan African Universities Debating Championship - Wikipedia |url=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_African_Universities_Debating_Championship#cite_ref-20/}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=March 2021}} |- |8-16 December 2018 |[[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], Dars es Salaam |[[Jami'ar Dar es Salaam|University of Dars es Salaam]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST becomes first in West Africa to win 'Pan African Universities Debate' contest |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2020-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202114707/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/December-13th/knust-becomes-first-in-west-africa-to-win-pan-african-universities-debate-contest.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | |- |8-16 December 2019 |[[Ghana]]. [[Kumasi]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Hans Junior |title=KNUST launches 2019 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship – Radio Univers 105.7FM |url=https://www.universnewsroom.com/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |language=en}}</ref> |[[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |title=KNUST Wins Pan African Universities Debate Championship 2nd time |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/973801/knust-wins-pan-african-universities-debate-champio.html |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=KNUST Debate Team presents Pan African Universities Debate Championship award to the VC, Prof. Kwasi Obiri Danso |url=https://hypercitigh.com/knust-updates/knust-debate-team-presents-pan-african-universities-debate-championship-award-to-the-vc-prof-kwasi-obiri-danso/ |access-date=2020-02-02 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |Adekunbi Ademola <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAUDC 2019 &#124; Speaker Tab |url=https://akofena-2019.herokuapp.com/PAUDC2019/tab/speaker/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Micheal Ampah and Erasmus Mawuli Segbefia |- |14-20 December 2020 |Virtual |[[Jami'ar Makerere|Makerere University]] and Royal Rhetorics |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] (KNUST)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=KNUST Wins 2020 Pan-African Universities Debate Championship |url=https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/knust-updates/2020-paudc/ |access-date=2020-12-21 |website=Hypercitigh.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122053301/https://hypercitigh.com/campus-news/knust-updates/2020-paudc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |This House Believes That judicial systems should more harshly punish people found guilty of committing crimes against members of social groups who experience disproportionately high rates of violence regardless of that offender’s intent (i.e. women, ethnic minorities) |lindokuhle Mabaso and Dan Lee |Kojo Opoku Acheampong and Abena Achiaa Otuo |- |09-12 December 2021 |Virtual |University of Botswana |Won by Rhodes University (South Africa) |THW, as the African Union, Grant members of the 6th Region economic and Political Rights |Sodiq Farhan |Franciscus Crouse and Oyisa Katshaza |- |08-15 December 2022 |Nairobi |Strathmore University |Won by Veritas University (Nigeria) |THBT that the AU should recognise the statehood of Somaliland |Elisha Owusu Akyaw |Ayafa Tonye, Edwin Ochiedo |- |03-11 December 2023 |Lome |Universite de Lome |Won by [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST)]] |Champagne socialism refers to a form of socialism where a group of rich/upper class individuals advocate for a fair society where everyone has equal rights and the rich people help the poor. THW promote champagne socialism in Africa |Prosper-Michael Ametu and Umuhairu Teni Alhassan |Prosper-Michael Ametu and Umuhairu Teni Alhassan |- |15-22 December 2024 |Kampala |[[Jami'ar Kyambogo|Kyambogo University]] |Winners, Debate: [[Jami'ar Cape Town|University of Cape Town]], Public Speech: [[Jami'ar Kyambogo|Kyambogo University]] |THR the decline of Ubuntu in African Communities. |Debate: Michelle Adika & Alec Becky, PS: Onyait Churchill. |Menzimuhle Ncube & Providence Nhongo. |- |1-8 December 2025 |Johannesburg |[[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|University of Witwatersrand]] |To be determined |To be determined. |To be determined. |To be determined. |- |December 2026 |Abuja |[[Jami'ar Veritas|Veritas University]] |To be determined |To be determined. |To be determined. |To be determined. |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} 3uhxa4lpzc6limp1b9rgewon7rems9u Tsoma bakin Cuba a Angola 0 102009 891608 632436 2026-08-05T07:22:31Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Cuba ya shiga tsakani a Angola (mai suna Operation Carlota) ya fara ne a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1975, lokacin da Cuba ta aika da dakarun yaki don tallafawa [[Kwaminisanci]] na People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) a kan hadin gwiwar yamma National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), da National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA). Harkokin shiga tsakani ya zo ne bayan barkewar Yaƙin basasar Angola, wanda ya faru bayan an ba tsohon mulkin mallaka na Portugal 'yancin kai bayan yakin neman' yancin Angola. Yaƙin basasa da ba shi da muhimmanci a baya ya zama yaƙi tsakanin Gabashin Gabas (wanda [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] ta jagoranta) da Yammacin Yamma (wanda [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ta jagorantar). [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da Amurka sun goyi bayan UNITA da FNLA, yayin da kasashe masu kwaminisanci suka goyi bayan MPLA. Kimanin sojojin Cuban 4,000 ne suka yi yaki don dawo da ci gaba mai fafutuka uku ta sojojin SADF, UNITA, FNLA, da sojojin Zaire . {{R|Clodfelter}} Daga nan ne sojojin Cuba 18,000 suka ba da gudummawa wajen fatattakar sojojin FNLA a arewa da UNITA a kudancin kasar. {{R|Clodfelter}} Sojojin Cuba sun taimaka wa MPLA wajen murkushe 'yan aware daga Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC). A shekarar 1976, kasancewar sojojin Cuba a Angola ya kai kusan dakaru 36,000. Ta hanyar korar sojojin Afirka ta Kudu da ke zaman saniyar ware a duniya, Cuba ta sami damar tabbatar da iko da dukkan manyan lardunan Angola. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angola |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Angola/Independence-and-civil-war |website=Britannica |quote=Cuba poured in troops to defend the MPLA, pushed the internationally isolated South Africans out of Angola, and gained control of all the provincial capitals. The Cuban expeditionary force, which eventually numbered some 40,000 to 50,000 soldiers, remained in Angola to pacify the country and ward off South African attacks.}}</ref> Bayan janyewar kasashen Zaire da Afirka ta Kudu, sojojin Cuba sun ci gaba da zama a Angola domin marawa gwamnatin MPLA baya da UNITA a ci gaba da yakin basasa. Afirka ta Kudu ta shafe shekaru goma masu zuwa tana kaddamar da hare-haren bama-bamai da hare-hare daga sansanonin ta a Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu zuwa kudancin Angola, yayin da UNITA ta yi ta kai hare-hare, da kai hare-hare, da kuma muzgunawa sassan Cuban. A cikin 1988, sojojin Cuba, wanda yanzu adadin dakaru 55,000 ne, suka shiga tsakani don dakile wani bala'i na soji a wani hari da sojojin Soviet na 'yantar da Angola (FAPLA) suka jagoranta a kan UNITA, wanda har yanzu Afirka ta Kudu ke samun goyon baya, wanda ya kai ga yakin Cuito Cuanavale da bude wani gaba na biyu. An yi la'akari da wannan sauyi a matsayin babban abin da ya sa aka cimma nasarar tattaunawar zaman lafiya da aka yi a birnin New York na shekarar 1988, yarjejeniyar da sojojin Cuba da na Afirka ta Kudu suka fice daga Angola yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta samu 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu. Haɗin gwiwar sojojin Cuba a Angola ya ƙare a cikin 1991 yakin basasar Angolan ya ci gaba har zuwa 2002. Tsakanin 1975 zuwa 1991, mutanen Cuban da suka mutu a Angola sun kai kusan 10,000 da suka mutu, sun ji rauni, ko suka ɓace. == Fage == === Kasawar Yarjejeniyar Alvor da Yakin Basasa === Juyin juya halin Carnation ya fara a Portugal a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1974. Juyin juya halin ya bai wa duniya mamaki tare da kama masu fafutukar 'yancin kai a kasashen Afirka na karshe na Portugal ba tare da shiri ba. Sakamakon tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin Portugal da 'yan tawayen Mozambik, [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] ta sami 'yancin kai a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1974, amma ikon Angola ya ci gaba da jayayya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai guda uku: MPLA, FNLA, da UNITA a Angola - daidai da Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) a Cabinda . Har zuwa ’yancin kai, ƙungiyoyin sun fi mayar da hankali ne wajen yaƙi da ‘yan mulkin mallaka kuma tun farko ba su da wata ƙawance mai kyau. Tare da bacewar Portugal a matsayin abokan gaba, an ba da fifikon kabilanci da na akida. An riga an gwabza fada tsakanin mutanen uku a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1974, wanda ya fara a [[Luanda]] kuma cikin sauri ya bazu a fadin kasar Angola. Sabuwar gwamnatin Portuguese ta hagu ba ta nuna sha'awar shiga tsakani ba amma sau da yawa tana goyon bayan MPLA. Nan da nan kasar ta fada cikin bangarori daban-daban na tasiri, FNLA ta kwace arewacin Angola da UNITA a kudu ta tsakiya. MPLA galibi tana rike da bakin teku, kudu maso gabas mai nisa, kuma, a cikin Nuwamba 1974 ta sami iko da Cabinda. Rashin haɗin kan manyan ƙungiyoyi uku ya jinkirta mika mulki. Yarjejeniyar Alvor, wadda uku da Portugal suka sanya hannu a ranar 15 ga Janairu, sun tabbatar da cewa ba su da tushe mai tushe na hanya. Gwamnatin rikon kwarya da yarjejeniyar ta tanada ta kunshi manyan masu fafutukar 'yancin kai guda uku da Portugal. An rantsar da shi a ranar 31 ga Janairun 1975; An sanya ranar samun 'yancin kai a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1975, a daidai wannan rana da tsagaita wuta. FLEC ba ta cikin yarjejeniyar saboda ta yi yaƙi don 'yancin kai na Cabinda, wanda Portuguese ta shiga cikin gudanarwa a matsayin abin ƙyama zuwa Angola. Yaki a Luanda (wanda ake kira "Yakin 'Yanci na Biyu" na MPLA) ya sake komawa ba da dadewa ba kwana guda bayan da gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta karbi mulki, lokacin da Agostinho Neto ya yi amfani da yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta don kaddamar da wanke magoya bayan abokin hamayyarsa [[Daniel Chipenda]] a cikin MPLA. An lalata ƙungiyar Chipenda da yawa, wanda ya bar FLNA a matsayin kawai abin da ya rage ga ikon MPLA na birnin. Chipenda da sojojinsa 2,000 da suka tsira sun sauya sheka zuwa FLNA a cikin watan Fabrairu, wanda ya kara dagula al'amura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cornwell |first=Richard |date=1 November 2000 |title=The War of Independence |url=http://www.issafrica.org/pubs/books/Angola/4cornwell.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221015144/http://www.issafrica.org/pubs/books/Angola/4cornwell.pdf |archive-date=21 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |page=59}}</ref> Sojojin FNLA, da aka taso daga Zaire, sun kasance suna rike da mukamai a Luanda tun watan Oktoban 1974. MPLA ta biyo baya a ƙananan lambobi. Har zuwa wannan batu, MPLA da UNITA "sun ba da kowace alamar niyya don girmama yarjejeniyar Alvor". Sai dai fada ya barke a Luanda tsakanin FNLA da MPLA. FNLA ta sami goyon bayan Mobutu, Amurka, da China. Ya zuwa watan Maris, FNLA daga arewacin Angola suna tuka mota a Luanda tare da rundunonin sojojin Zairiya waɗanda Amurka ta ƙarfafa Mobutu ya samar. A ranar 28 ga Afrilun 1975, FNLA ta sake kai hare-hare karo na biyu, kuma a farkon watan Mayu, sojojin Zairiya 200 suka tsallaka zuwa arewacin Angola don tallafa musu. <ref>Wright, George in: ''The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy toward Angola since 1945'', Pluto Press, London, Chicago, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7453-1029-X}}, p. 60</ref> Neto ya bukaci Soviets su kara yawan taimakon soja ga MPLA. A cikin Maris na 1975, matukan jirgin Soviet sun yi jigilar jirage 30 na makamai zuwa [[Brazzaville]], inda aka kai su Luanda. Tarayyar Soviet ta tura makaman da darajarsu ta kai dala miliyan 30 ga MPLA cikin watanni uku, yayin da Cuba ta tura dakaru 230 masu ba da shawara da kwararrun sojoji zuwa MPLA, tare da masu ba da shawara na farko suka isa a watan Mayu. Yakin ya tsananta da fadace-fadacen tituna a watan Afrilu da Mayu, kuma UNITA ta shiga hannu bayan da wata tawagar MPLA ta kashe fiye da ɗari biyu na mambobinta a watan Yuni 1975. MPLA mai rauni da farko ya koma kudu, amma tare da kayayyaki daga karshe ya iso daga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] sannan ya yi nasarar fatattakar FNLA daga Luanda a ranar 9 ga Yulin 1975, kuma UNITA da son rai ta janye zuwa sansaninta na kudu. FNLA ta dauki matsayi a gabas da Quifangondo a wajen gabashin babban birnin kasar, inda ta ci gaba da matsin lamba tare da kawar da duk sauran kasancewar MPLA a lardunan Uíge da Zaire na arewacin kasar. A watan Agusta, MPLA ta mallaki 11 daga cikin manyan larduna 15, ciki har da Cabinda da Luanda. Yaƙin ya bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai sun yi ƙoƙarin kwace muhimman wurare masu mahimmanci, mafi mahimmanci babban birnin kasar a ranar 'yancin kai. === Shiga kasashen waje === Tun daga farkon shekarun 1960, manyan ƙungiyoyin ƴancin kai guda uku sun sami tallafi daga ƙasashe da dama, wani lokaci ma daga irinsu. A lokacin samun 'yancin kai, [[Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don 'Yanci na Angola|FNLA]] da UNITA sun sami taimako daga Amurka, Zaire, Afirka ta Kudu, da Sin. Muddin Portugal ta kasance a Angola, ƙungiyoyin dole ne su kasance da hedkwatarsu a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta masu zaman kansu, suna mai da Kongo-Léopoldville ( [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo]], tsohuwar Belgian), ga MPLA da FNLA zaɓi na ma'ana. Bayan korar ta daga [[Kinshasa]] a watan Nuwamban 1963, MPLA ta ratsa kogin Kongo zuwa tsohuwar kasar Faransa Congo-Brazzaville a Jamhuriyar Kongo inda sabuwar gwamnatinta ta hagu ta gayyace ta. FNLA ta zauna a Kongo-Léopoldville wanda ke da alaƙa da juna kuma daga inda ta sami yawancin tallafin ta. Shugaban FNLA Holden Roberto ya kasance yana da alaƙa da Mobutu ta aure kuma an wajabta masa shi don yawancin abubuwan da suka gabata. A cikin shekaru da yawa, FNLA ta zama ƙasa kaɗan fiye da tsawaita sojojin Mobutu na kansa. Yawancin goyon bayan Zaire sun fito ne a kaikaice daga Amurka, wanda shugaban Zaire Mobutu ke da alaka ta kud da kud da su. Zaire ita ce kasa ta farko da ta tura dakaru zuwa Angola a watan Maris na shekarar 1975 kuma ta shiga yaki da MPLA a lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar. A lokacin rani na 1974, kasar Sin ta fara aiki bayan juyin juya halin Portuguese, kuma ta tura malaman soja 200 zuwa Zaire inda suka horar da dakarun FNLA da kuma ba da taimakon soja. Shigar Sinawa wani ma'auni ne na adawa da tasirin Soviet maimakon na kasashen yamma. A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1975, su ma su ne suka fara janye malamansu na soja. UNITA, wacce ta rabu da FNLA a 1965/66 ta kasance Maoist da farko kuma ta sami wasu tallafi daga China. [1] Kasar Sin ta kasance tana horar da kungiyar Mobutu ta Kamanyola, ta kuma horar da FNLA, amma ta janye goyon bayanta ga Zaire da FNLA a karshen watan Disamba na shekarar 1975. [2] A shekarar 1975 kuma kasar Sin ita ce ta farko da ta fice daga yankin bayan juyin juya halin Portugal. Lokacin da goyon bayansu ya daina FNLA da UNITA sun kafu a sansanin yamma. {asar Amirka na da tarihin tallafa wa gwamnatin Salazar a Portugal. Sun ba da damar amfani da kayan aikin NATO a Angola a lokacin yakin 'yancin kai. Gwamnatin [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] ta karbe tallafin Amurka ga FNLA a cikin 1960. Holden Roberto ya kasance a kan [[C.I.A|Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Tsakiya]] ko CIA tun daga 1963. A ranar 7 ga Yuli 1974, CIA ta fara ba da tallafin FNLA akan ƙaramin sikeli. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 1975, mako guda bayan an rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Alvor, kuma gabanin gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Angola za ta fara aiki, kwamitin 40 na Majalisar Tsaron Amurka, wanda ke kula da ayyukan CIA na boye, ya ba da izinin taimakon dalar Amurka 300,000 a boye ga FNLA. Kamar yadda CIA ke zargin MPLA mai ra'ayin hagu, "ba ta da burin ganin gwamnatin Amurka ta yi hulda da MPLA" kuma ba ta son su kasance cikin gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Amurka ta ƙara tallafinta ga FNLA kuma a karon farko ta ɗauki tallafin UNITA. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1975, shugaban Amurka Ford ya amince da aikin CIA na sirri " IAFEATURE " don taimakawa FNLA da UNITA da kudi (US $ 30 miliyan), makamai da malamai. A farkon watan Agusta ne malaman sojan Amurka (CIA) suka isa kudancin Angola, inda suka yi hadin gwiwa da takwarorinsu na Afirka ta Kudu da suka isa a lokaci guda. Tallafin ya ƙunshi ɗaukar ma'aikatan haya da faɗaɗa farfagandar yaƙi da MPLA. Marubuci Wayne Smith ya bayyana cewa, Amurka "ta fito fili ta jajirce wajen kakaba takunkumin hana kai makamai ga bangarorin Angola yayin da take kaddamar da wani shiri a asirce". Afirka ta Kudu, wacce a lokacin tana karkashin mulkin 'yan tsirarun fararen fata da aka fi sani da Apartheid, nan da nan ta zama kawayen UNITA da FNLA. Sauran kasashen yamma da ke da nasu goyon bayan na sirri ga FNLA da UNITA sune Burtaniya da Faransa. [[Isra'ila]] ta goyi bayan FNLA daga 1963 zuwa 1969 kuma FNLA ta tura mambobinta zuwa Isra'ila don horarwa. A cikin shekarun 1970s Isra'ila ta aika da makamai zuwa FNLA ta Zaire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Liberation Front of Angola |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/national-liberation-front-of-angola |website=Answers.com}}</ref> Wasu kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya da Yugoslavia sun fara kulla alaka da MPLA a farkon shekarun 1960 a lokacin gwagwarmaya da Portuguese. Tarayyar Soviet ta fara taimakon soji mai sauƙi a ƙarshen 1960s. Wannan tallafin ya kasance a ɓoye, ya zo cikin ruɗani kuma wani lokacin ya daina gaba ɗaya. Hakan ya kasance a cikin 1972, lokacin da MPLA ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga Portuguese kuma ta wargaje ta hanyar rikici na cikin gida (gwagwarmayar tsakanin shugaban MPLA António Agostinho Neto da Chipenda daga 1972 zuwa 1974). An dakatar da taimakon Soviet a cikin 1973, ban da wasu ƙayyadaddun jigilar kayayyaki a 1974 don hana tallafin da Sin ke baiwa FNLA; Yugoslavia ce kawai ta ci gaba da aika kayayyaki ga MPLA. Dangane da goyon bayan da Amurka da Sin ke baiwa FNLA, goyon bayan Soviet ga MPLA ya karu sosai a watan Maris na shekarar 1975 ta hanyar isar da makamai ta jiragen sama ta Brazzaville da ta teku ta [[Dar es Salaam]] . <ref name="au18" /> Taimakon Soviet ga MPLA ya kasance yana ɗan jinkiri; Ba su taɓa amincewa da Neto gabaɗaya ba kuma dangantakarsu ta kasance cikin rashin tabbas cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Soviets sun gwammace mafita ta siyasa, amma ba sa son ganin an ware MPLA. <ref>Wright, George in: ''The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy toward Angola since 1945'', Pluto Press, London, Chicago, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7453-1029-X}}, p. 58</ref> Ko da bayan hare-haren na Afirka ta Kudu Soviets kawai sun aika da makamai, amma babu masu koyarwa don amfani da makamai masu mahimmanci. Daga cikin sauran ƙasashen Gabashin Ƙungiyoyin MPLA suna da kyakkyawar alaƙa da Jamus ta Gabas da [[Romainiya|Romania]], tsohon jigilar kayayyaki da yawa ba na soja ba. Ko da yake kasancewa ɗan hagu, Neto yana sha'awar daidaiton akida a cikin goyon bayansa na ƙasashen waje, amma duk da "overtures" sosai a cikin 1975, ya kasa samun goyon baya ga MPLA daga Amurka, don haka ya dogara kawai ga sansanin gabas. ====Kubawa da MPLA kafin Yakin Basasar Angola==== Tuntubar farko da bai da tsari tsakanin Kubawa da MPLA ya faro tun a karshen shekarun 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Angolan Civil War (1975-2002)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/angolan-civil-war-1975-2002/|last=Hurst|first=Ryan|date=2009-07-15|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref> Mayakan guerilla na MPLA sun samu horo na farko daga Kubawa a birnin Algiers tun daga shekarar 1963, kuma Che Guevara ya gana da shugaban MPLA Agostinho Neto don tattaunawa ta matakin koli a karon farko ranar 5 ga Janairu 1965 a Brazzaville, inda Kuba ke kafa rundunar soja na shekaru biyu. Wannan runduna na da babban burin zama ajiya na dabarun soji don aikin Kubawa a gabashin Kongo. Haka kuma za ta bayar da taimako ga gwamnatin Alphonse Massemba-Débat a Brazzaville, kuma da bukatar Neto, ga MPLA a yaki da suke da Portugal a Cabinda da arewacin Angola inda FNLA ke zama babban abokin gaba. Wannan hadin gwiwar ne ya fara dangantakar da ta dore shekaru 26 tsakanin Kuba da MPLA.<ref>George, shafuffuka 22–23, 30</ref> Ayyukan MPLA da Kubawa a Cabinda da arewacin Angola ba su samu gagarumar nasara ba, kuma Kubawa sun kawo karshen aikin a Brazzaville kamar yadda aka tsara a watan Yuli 1966. MPLA ta koma da hedikwatarta zuwa [[Lusaka]] a farkon 1968. Wasu daga cikin mayakan MPLA sun ci gaba da samun horo a Kuba, amma sauran dangantaka tsakanin Kuba da MPLA ta yi sanyi yayin da Havana ta maida hankali kan yaki da neman ’yancin kai a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]].<ref>Mabeko, Tali in: Dissidences, shafi na 348</ref><ref>George, shafi na 44</ref> Bayan ziyarar Castro a kasashen Afirka a watan Mayu 1972, Kuba ta kara zage dantse a ayyukan kasa-da-kasa a Afirka ta hanyar kafa rundunar horarwa a Sierra Leone da kananan ayyuka na fasaha a Equatorial Guinea, [[Somaliya|Somalia]], Algeria da Tanzania. A cikin wata wasika ta 22 ga Nuwamba 1972, babban jami’in soja na Kuba Manuel Piñeiro Losada ya isar da bukatar MPLA zuwa Raúl Castro kan karamin horo da jami’ai.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses7.pdf Takarda daga Cibiyar Bayanai ta Rundunar Sojojin Juyin Juya Hali na Kuba, CIDFAR]</ref> Wadannan bukatun na 1972 ba su haifar da wata sakamako ba, kuma Kuba ta ci gaba da mayar da hankali a Guinea-Bissau. Sai bayan juyin mulki a Portugal ne wata tawaga daga MPLA ta kawo bukatar taimakon tattalin arziki, horon soja da makamai zuwa Kuba a ranar 26 ga Yuli 1974. A farkon Oktoba, Kuba ta karbi wata sabuwar bukata da ta fi gaggawa don tura jami’an soja guda biyar domin taimakawa wajen tsara rundunar sojin MPLA wato FAPLA. A cikin Disamba 1974 da Janairu 1975, Kuba ta tura Major Alfonso Perez Morales da Carlos Cadelo zuwa Angola don nazarin halin da ake ciki.<ref>Gleijeses, shafuffuka 244–245 (Maganganu daga hirar da aka yi da Cadelo da daga Cienfuegos zuwa Senen Casas, Havana, 22 ga Nuwamba 1974)</ref> A wata wasika ta 26 ga Janairu 1975 da aka mika wa Cadelo da Morales, Neto ya jero abubuwan da MPLA ke bukata daga Kuba, ciki har da: “Kafa, tsara da kula da makarantar soji don shugabanni”, “Jirgin ruwa na [Kuba] don daukar kayan yaki da muke da su a Dar-es-Salaam zuwa Angola”, “Kaya da kayan soji ga mutane 10,000”, da “Taimakon kudi yayin da muke kafa da tsara kanmu.”<ref>Gleijeses yana kawo: (Agostinho Neto: Bukatu na gaggawa. Jerin bukatu zuwa Kwamitin Tsakanin Jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta Kuba, 26 Janairu 1975, da ke cikin "Visita", shafuffuka 22–23)</ref> Ko da yake Kuba na tunanin kafa rundunar soja a Angola don horo, ba a mayar da martani na hukuma ba a wancan lokacin. Sai dai MPLA ta sake maimaita bukatar a watan Mayu 1975 lokacin da kwamandan Kuba Flavio Bravo ya gana da Neto a Brazzaville, yayin da Portugal ke shirin janye mulkinta daga kasashen Afirka.<ref>García Márquez, Gabriel in: Operation Carlota, http://www.rhodesia.nl/marquez.htm</ref> MPLA ta fara neman taimako daga kasashen gabashin Turai (Eastern Bloc), amma bai yi wa su kwazo ba kamar yadda suka so. Wani rahoto daga Kuba ya ce Neto ya nuna rashin jin dadi kan yadda Moscow ke watsi da su. Ya bayyana fatan cewa yakin Angola zai zama "muhimmin lamari a yaki da mulkin mallaka da kuma tallafa wa tsarin gurguzu". Amma ko Rasha ko MPLA ba su zaci wani yaki mai tsanani zai barke kafin samun 'yancin kai ba.<ref>Westad, Odd Arne in: "Moscow and the Angolan Crisis, 1974-1976: A New Pattern of Intervention", ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'', nos. 8-9, shafi na 24</ref> A watan Maris 1975, MPLA ta tura mutane 100 daga cikin ’ya’yanta zuwa Tarayyar Soviet don horo, sannan ta nemi taimakon kudi daga Yugoslavia, wadda ta bayar da dala 100,000. ===Shiga cikin lamarin da Afirka ta Kudu ta yi=== Janyewar kwatsam da Portugal ta yi daga Angola da Mozambique a shekarar 1975 ta kawo ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar soja da na leƙen asiri tsakanin Afirka ta Kudu da Portugal tun daga shekarun 1960, wanda daga baya aka maida shi wata ƙungiya ta sirri mai suna Alcora Exercise.<ref name=au7>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0047) Library of Congress Country Studies]</ref> Wannan ya kuma kawo ƙarshen haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki da suka yi game da aikin samar da wutar lantarki a kan iyakar Angola da Namibia, wanda Afirka ta Kudu ta ɗauki nauyin kuɗin sa.<ref>George, shafi na 11</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=Agreement between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the government of Portugal in regard to the first phase of development of the water resources of the Cunene river basin|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/W7414B/w7414b11.htm|date=21 January 1969|publisher=Département de l'administration et des finances (Portugal)}}</ref> Shiga da Afirka ta Kudu ta yi cikin rikicin Angola, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin Yaƙin Iyakarta, ya fara ne a 1966 lokacin da rikici da ƙungiyar ’yantar da Namibia wato South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), wadda a lokacin tana da sansanoni a Ovamboland da Zambia, ya ɓarke. Da Portugal ta fita daga sahu kuma gwamnati mai ra’ayin gurguzu da ke goyon bayan SWAPO ta kafa mulki a sabbin ƙasashen da suka samu ’yanci, gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta rasa wani muhimmin bangare na kariya tsakanin ta da ƙasashen Afirka baki masu adawa da ita.<ref name=au4>Stührenberg, Michael a cikin: ''Die Zeit'' 17/1988, Die Schlacht am Ende der Welt, shafi na 11</ref><ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 273-276</ref><ref>Dr. Leopold Scholtz: ''The Namibian Border War'' (Jami’ar Stellenbosch)</ref> A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, Afirka ta Kudu ta tsunduma cikin ayyukan soja da tattalin arziki a yankin, ta ba da goyon baya ga RENAMO a yaƙin basasar Mozambique, ta yi yunkurin dagula tattalin arziki a ƙasashe kamar su Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, da Zimbabwe, ta mara baya ga yunƙurin juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba a Seychelles a 1981, da kuma juyin mulki a Lesotho a 1986. Ta kuma goyi bayan yunƙurin juyin mulki a Tanzania a 1983, ta tallafa wa ‘yan tawaye a Zimbabwe tun bayan samun ‘yanci, ta kai hari ofisoshin African National Congress a Maputo, Harare, da Gaborone, sannan ta gudanar da yaƙin hana fitina a Namibia da SWAPO ke jagoranta.<ref name="au11" /> SWAPO ta koma sansanoni a Angola, kuma hakan ya sanya Afirka ta Kudu ta fuskanci buƙatar ketare wata ƙasa domin bin SWAPO, tare da fuskantar wata sabuwar gwamnati mai ra’ayin hagu a yankin. Saboda rashin wata fa’ida ta tattalin arziki a Angola, Afirka ta Kudu ta ga tilas ne ta yi amfani da ƙarfin soja kawai domin tasiri kan abubuwan da ke faruwa.<ref name="au11" /> A ranar 14 ga Yuli 1975, Firaministan Afirka ta Kudu John Vorster ya amince da siyan makamai na sirri na dala miliyan 14 domin FNLA da UNITA.<ref>Gleijeses yana nakalto: Spies, F. J. du Toit a cikin: Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976, Pretoria, shafi na 64–65</ref><ref>Gleijeses yana nakalto: Deon Geldenhuys a cikin: ''The Diplomacy of Isolation: South African Foreign Policy Making'', shafi na 80</ref> Jirgin farko da ke ɗauke da makamai daga Afirka ta Kudu zuwa FNLA da UNITA ya isa a watan Agusta 1975. A ranar 9 ga Agusta 1975, wani rundunar sojoji 30 daga South African Defence Force (SADF) ta shiga kimanin kilomita 50 cikin Angola ta kudu inda suka mamaye tashar samar da lantarki ta Ruacana-Calueque da sauran wurare a kogin Cunene. An yi amfani da wasu hare-hare da suka faru da UNITA da SWAPO a matsayin hujja da ta firgita ma’aikatan ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=1-86872-340-2|year=2001|publisher=Zebra|title=Days of the Generals|author=Hilton Hamann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYgWcHq8lE8C|pages=22–23}}</ref> Kare dam ɗin Calueque da ke kudancin Angola ne ya zama uzurin farko da Afirka ta Kudu ta fara ajiye sojojinta na dindindin a Angola.<ref name=au6/><ref name=au16>Smith, shafi na 71</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta 1975, SADF ta ƙaddamar da aikin soja mai suna "Sausage II", wani babban farmaki kan SWAPO a kudancin Angola. Bugu da ƙari, a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1975, Vorster ya ba da izinin samar da horo, shawarwari, da tallafin kayayyakin soji ga FNLA da UNITA. A madadin haka, FNLA da UNITA za su taimaka wa Afirka ta Kudu wajen yaƙi da SWAPO.<ref name=au22>George, shafi na 68</ref> Sakamakon nasarorin da MPLA ke samu, yankin UNITA ya takaita zuwa tsakiyar Angola kawai,<ref>Gleijeses yana nakalto: Bureau of Intelligence and Research, DOS, a cikin: Angola: The MPLA Prepares for Independence, 22 ga Satumba 1975, shafi na 4–5, National Security Archive, Washington, yana nakalto: ''Le Monde'', 13 Satumba 1975, shafi na 3 da kuma Diaz Arguelles zuwa Colomé, 1 Oktoba 1975, shafi na 11</ref> kuma ya bayyana wa Afirka ta Kudu cewa ranar samun ’yancin Angola za ta zo ne da MPLA ke rike da Luanda; "ba Amurka ko Afirka ta Kudu suka shirya yarda da hakan ba."<ref name=au14>Smith, shafi na 72</ref> SADF ta kafa sansanin horo kusa da Silva Porto da kuma shirya tsaron Nova Lisboa (Huambo). Suka kafa rundunar harin tafe mai suna "Foxbat" don dakatar da sojojin FAPLA da suka ci karo da su a ranar 5 Oktoba 1975, kuma hakan ya ceci Nova Lisboa ga UNITA.<ref>George, shafi na 69</ref> A ranar 14 Oktoba 1975, Afirka ta Kudu ta ƙaddamar da Operation Savannah a sirrance lokacin da Task Force Zulu, rundunar farko daga cikin wasu da dama, ta shiga Angola daga Namibia. Kudancin Angola na cikin rudani yayin da ƙungiyoyin ‘yanci uku ke fama da juna. Ya ɗauki lokaci kafin FAPLA ta fahimci abokan gaba na gaskiya kuma SADF ta ci gaba da shiga cikin sauri. Task Force Foxbat ta shiga wannan aikin a tsakiyar Oktoba.<ref name=au29>Smith, shafi na 62</ref><ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 298</ref> Manufar aikin ita ce kawar da MPLA daga yankin kudu, daga nan zuwa kudu maso yamma na Angola, daga tsakiyar ƙasa, sannan daga karshe zuwa kama Luanda.<ref>Gleijeses yana nakalto: Deon Geldenhuys a cikin: The Diplomacy of Isolation: South African ''Foreign Policy'' Making, shafi na 80, yana nakalto: du Preez, Sophia a cikin: ''Avontuur in Angola. Die verhaal van Suid-Afrika se soldate in Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, shafi na 32, 63, 86 da kuma Spies, F. J. du Toit a cikin: ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, shafi na 93–101</ref> A cewar Edward George, gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu "ta yi imani cewa da ta mamaye Angola za ta iya kafa wakilanta a matsayin shugabanni sannan ta tsare tsarin wariyar launin fata na dogon lokaci".<ref name=au22/> Amurka ta riga ta sani game da shirye-shiryen sojan Afirka ta Kudu tun kafin farawa. Sun ƙarfafa su, suna haɗin gwiwa da su, sabanin abin da Sakataren Harkokin Waje Henry Kissinger ya faɗa wa Majalisa a lokacin, da kuma abin da Shugaba Ford ya faɗa wa Sinawa, waɗanda ke goyon bayan FNLA amma suna damuwa da shiga Afirka ta Kudu cikin lamarin Angola.<ref name="Gleijeses"/><ref>George, shafi na 71</ref> A cewar John Stockwell, tsohon jami’in CIA, "akwai kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin CIA da Afirka ta Kudu"<ref name=au14/> kuma "'manyan jami'ai' a Pretoria sun ce shiga da suka yi cikin Angola ya samo asali ne daga wata 'yar fahimta da suka yi da Amurka".<ref>Marcum, John a cikin: Lessons of Angola, Foreign Affairs 54, No. 3 (April 1976), an nakalto a: Smith, shafi na 62</ref> ===Aikin Soja na Cuba=== A ranar 3 ga Agusta, wata tawagar daga Cuba ta sake zuwa Angola karo na biyu don tantance halin da ake ciki, da tsara shirin horaswa kamar yadda Neto ya nema, da kuma mikawa Angola dala $100,000. <ref name=au24>George, shafi na 66</ref> Neto ya koka da "karancin taimako daga kasashen gurguzu kuma "da cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta dakatar da taimako ga MPLA a 1972, kodayake sun ce yanzu suna ba da makamai, amma ƙalilan ne idan aka kwatanta da bukatunsu masu yawa". Argüelles ya amince da Neto yayin da ya ga bangarorin da ke cikin rikicin Angola "a bayyane suke, FNLA da UNITA na wakiltar karfin mulkin mallaka na duniya da mayar da martani daga Portugal, yayin da MPLA ke wakiltar masu neman cigaba da 'yan kasa." <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/17/documents/angola/ |title=CNN Cold War - Historical Documents: Cuba-Angola letters |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101153534/http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/17/documents/angola/ |archive-date=1 January 2007}}</ref> <ref>http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses5.pdf - Document from the Centro de Informacion de la Defensa de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, CIDFAR</ref> Bayan dawowar tawagar a ranar 8 ga Agusta, 'yan Cuba sun fara la'akari da hanyoyin da masu horaswa zasu bi idan har South Africa ko Zaire suka tsoma baki — ko dai "yaƙin gwagwarmaya" ko kuma komawa Zambia, inda Cuba ta buɗe ofishin jakadanci. <ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 255</ref> A cikin wata takarda ta 11 ga Agusta 1975, Manjo Raúl Diaz Argüelles ya rubuta wa Manjo Raúl Castro, yana bayyana dalilan ziyarar da abubuwan da aka tattauna. Ya jaddada cewa hare-haren da FNLA da Mobutu suka kai wa MPLA da kuma yiyuwar abubuwan da za su biyo baya kafin samun 'yancin kai a watan Nuwamba sun sa suka fahimci cewa "masu adawa da masu mulkin mallaka za su yi iya ƙoƙarinsu don hana MPLA ɗaukar mulki." A wannan rana Argüelles ya ba da shawarar aika mutum 94 zuwa wurin Castro. <ref name=au23>George, shafi na 64</ref> A ranar 15 ga Agusta, Castro ya roki Tarayyar Soviet da ta ƙara goyon bayan ta ga MPLA, ya kuma bayar da shawarar a aika da sojojin musamman. Rasha ta ƙi amincewa. <ref name=au32>Gleijeses quoting: Westad, Odd Arne in: Moscow and the Angolan Crisis 1974-76: A New Pattern of Intervention, Cold War International Project Bulletin, n.8-9, shafi na 25</ref> Sakamakon tsoma bakin Zaire daga arewa da kuma mamayar South Africa na rukunin wutar lantarki na Ruacana-Calueque daga kudu, an yanke shawarar a mayar da CIRs da sojojin Cuba kusan 500 maimakon mutum 100 da aka nema tun farko, domin su horar da sojoji 4,800 na FAPLA zuwa rundunonin sojojin ƙasa guda 16, dakunan harba mortar guda 25 da kuma wasu rukunin harba jirgin sama cikin watanni uku zuwa shida. Wadannan 500 sun hada da 17 daga sashen lafiya da hafsoshi 284. <ref name=au16/> <ref name=au23/> <ref>Gleijeses quoting: Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias: Composicion de fuerzas y medios de la unidad incluyendo el incremento del Punto 4</ref> "Shawarar faɗaɗa aikin ya samo asali ne daga tunanin cewa ... dole a samu isassun mutane don cika aikin da kuma kare kansu idan komai ya baci. Duk da haka, a fili ne ... suna sa ran aikin zai ɗauki kusan watanni 6 kacal." <ref>George, shafi na 65</ref> Aika da sojojin sa-kai na Cuba ya fara ne a ranar 21 ga Agusta. Tawagar farko mai ƙwararru ta fara zuwa ta jiragen kasuwanci. Kungiyoyi ƙanana suka ci gaba da isa Luanda ta irin waɗannan jirage da kuma jiragen tsofaffin Britannia na Cuba, yayin da mafi yawansu suka iso bayan tafiyar makonni biyu a cikin jiragen daukar kaya na Cuba; na farko, "Vietnam Heroico" ya sauka a Porto Amboim a ranar 5 ga Oktoba. <ref name=au24/> Hawan jiragen ruwa biyu na Cuba zuwa Angola da masu horaswa a cikinsu ya samu rahoto daga CIA <ref>CIA, National Intelligence Daily, 11 October 1975, shafi na 4</ref> kuma bai tayar da jijiyoyin wuya a Washington ba. <ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 228</ref> An sanya CIRs a Cabinda, Benguela, Saurimo (da aka fi sani da Henrique de Carvalho) da kuma a N'Dalatando (tsohon Salazar). CIR da ke Cabinda ya kunshi kusan rabin yawan duka — mutum 191 — yayin da sauran wurare suka samu mutum 66 ko 67 kowanne. Wasu daga cikin su an aike su zuwa hedikwata a Luanda ko kuma wasu sassa na ƙasar. Dalilin kafa manyan runduna a Cabinda shine saboda barazanar da ake ganin na iya fitowa daga Zaire — ko dai ga Cabinda ko Congo. <ref name=au24/> <ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 255–256, 265</ref> A lokacin da cibiyoyin horaswa suka cika da ma’aikata kuma suka fara aiki tsakanin 18 zuwa 20 ga Oktoba, duniya ba ta ankara ba, Operation Savannah ta riga ta fara da ƙarfi. <ref>George, shafi na 67</ref> Saboda nasarorin da MPLA ke samu a kudu — inda ta karbe iko da jihohi 12 da kuma mafi yawan birane — a bangaren arewa, da kyar suka iya tsayawa da FNLA da abokan hulɗarta, wadanda ke da kayan yaki masu ƙarfi. <ref>Washington Post, 24 August 1975, B1</ref> FNLA na samun makamai daga Amurka ta hannun Zaire tun ƙarshen Yuli <ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 258 da kuma quoting: Rand Daily Mail, 3 August 1975, shafi na 5</ref> kuma ta ƙara ƙarfinta a watan Satumba da zuwan dakarun Zaire na Commando na hudu da na bakwai. <ref name=au16/> Daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba, gaba ya ci gaba da matsawa baya da gaba tsakanin Caxito da Quifangondo (Kifangondo). Neto ya nemi karin taimako daga Tarayyar Soviet, amma ba su da niyyar aika ma’aikata kafin samun ‘yancin kai, sai dai da ƙyar suka ƙara aikawa da makamai. Cubans na ta fama da shigowar sabbin ma'aikata don CIRs, kuma sai ranar 19 ga Oktoba ne suka fahimci matsayin Luanda da gaske. Sun rufe CIR na Salazar kwana uku bayan bude shi, sannan suka tura yawancin masu horaswa da sabbin sojoji zuwa Luanda. <ref>George, shafi na 73–74</ref> Masu horaswa 40 daga CIR Salazar sune Cubans na farko da suka shiga cikin kare Quifangondo a ranar 23 Oktoba 1975, lokacin da suka kai harin da bai yi nasara ba akan dakarun FNLA-Zaire a Morro do Cal. Wani ƙungiya ta biyu ta goyi bayan MPLA a ranar 28 Oktoba a layin kariya na Kifangondo. <ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 269</ref> Amma Cubans ba su lura ba cewa yankunan da MPLA ta samu a kudu sun sake faɗa hannun South Africa cikin gaggawa. Bayan Shawarwari daga South Africa da makaman harbo tankuna sun taimaka wajen dakile harin MPLA a Nova Lisboa (Huambo) tun farkon Oktoba, Zulu ta karbe Roçadas a ranar 20 Oktoba, Sá da Bandeira a ranar 24 Oktoba, da Moçâmedes a ranar 28 Oktoba. A ranakun 2 zuwa 3 ga Nuwamba, masu horaswa na Cuba suka shiga artabu karo na uku, wannan karon mutum 51 daga CIR Benguela, lokacin da suka kasa taimakawa FAPLA dakile ci gaban Zulu a kusa da Catengue. Wannan shine karo na farko da aka tabbatar da asarar rayuka daga Cuba. "Halartar su ya sa kwamandan Zulu, Breytenbach, ya ce sojojinsa 'sun fuskanci mafi ƙwarewa da kuma mafi nauyin adawa daga FAPLA da suka taɓa gani." <ref>George, shafi na 76</ref> ==Katsalandu na Farko na Cuba== ===Operation Carlota=== Sai bayan rugujewar MPLA a Catengue ne Kuban suka fahimci sosai game da kutsen Afirka ta Kudu, cewa za a ci Luanda kuma ayyukan horon su suna cikin babban haɗari sai sun ɗauki mataki nan da nan. Neto ya nemi ƙarin ƙarfi nan da nan kuma mai yawa daga Havana bisa ga roƙon Argüelles. A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, Castro ya yanke shawarar ƙaddamar da shiga tsakani a kan matakin da ba a taɓa gani ba, inda ya ba da suna ga manufa ''Operation Carlota'', bayan '[[Carlota (shugabar 'yan tawaye)|Black Carlota]]', shugabar tawayen bayi a 1843. A wannan rana, jirgin sama na farko mai ɗauke da ƙwararrun makamai masu nauyi 100, waɗanda MPLA ta nema a watan Satumba, ya tashi zuwa Brazzaville, inda ya isa Luanda a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba jiragen sama biyu na farko na Cuba sun isa Luanda tare da maza 100 na farko na rukunin bataliyar ƙwararrun Sojoji na Musamman 652.<ref>George, shafi na 77–78</ref> Babban abin da Kuban suka sa gaba shi ne taimaka wa MPLA ta ci gaba da riƙe Luanda. [[Fidel Castro]] ya bayyana sa hannun Cuba: "Lokacin da sojojin Afirka ta Kudu suka fara mamaye Angola a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, ba za mu iya zama a banza ba. Kuma lokacin da MPLA ta nemi taimakonmu, mun ba da taimakon da ya dace don hana Apartheid zama cikin walwala a Angola".<ref name=a20/><ref name=au32/> [[File:britannia.plan.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|Wani Bristol Britannia, hoton da aka ɗauka a 1964.]] Tare da Operation Carlota, Cuba ta zama babban ɗan wasa a rikicin. Ba kamar yadda ta shiga harkokin waje a shekarun sittin ba, wannan ba wata boyayyar aiki ba ce. Castro ya yanke shawarar tallafawa MPLA a fili, yana aika dakarun musamman da sojojin ƙasa 35,000 zuwa ƙarshen 1976, yana tura su da kuɗin Cuba da hanyoyinsu daga Nuwamba 1975 zuwa Janairu 1976. Kamar yadda a ayyukanta na baya, duk ma'aikatan sun kasance masu sa kai kuma kiran ya shahara sosai. Jirgin sama don saurin tura sojoji ya zama babban matsala. Cuba tana da jiragen sama guda uku na Bristol Britannia masu tsufa waɗanda ba su dace da tafiye-tafiye na kilomita 9,000 ba tare da tsayawa ba. Duk da haka, tsakanin 7 ga Nuwamba zuwa 9 ga Disamba, Kuban sun gudanar da jiragen sama 70 na ƙarfafawa zuwa Luanda. Da farko sun iya tsayawa a Barbados, Azores, ko Newfoundland, wanda ya sa Washington ta matsa lamba don hana Cuba damar sauka. Amma motsa tashin jirgi zuwa filin jirgin sama mafi gabas na Cuba, Holguin, ɗaukar ƙaramin nauyi gwargwadon yuwuwa, da ƙara tankunan mai, an yi amfani da jiragen don tafiye-tafiye masu yawa a faɗin teku har sai da Soviets suka shigo da jiragen sama masu nisa.<ref name=a20/><ref>Gleijeses yana ambaton: Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias: Batallon de Tropas Especiales, n. d.</ref> Don yawancin sojojin da kayan aiki, Kuban sun mallake duk jiragen ruwa da ke akwai a cikin jirgin ruwan kasuwancinsu, uku na farko sun tashi daga Havana a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba. Sun yi tashar jirgin ruwa a Luanda a ranar 27 da 29 ga Nuwamba da 1 ga Disamba suna kawo sojoji 1,253 da kayan aiki.<ref>George, shafi na 80–81, 99</ref> Tura sojoji ba a shirya shi ba tare da USSR ba, kamar yadda aka ruwaito kuma aka nuna shi akai-akai ta gwamnatin Amurka. Akasin haka, ya kuma ba USSR mamaki.<ref>N. Broutens, Soviet Politbüro, shugaban sashen harkokin waje, a cikin ''Une Odyssée Africaine'' (Faransa, 2006, 59min) wanda: Jihan El Tahri ya jagoranta</ref> An tilasta wa Soviets su yarda da tura sojojin Cuba don kada su yi barazana ga dangantaka da muhimmin abokinsu kusa da Amurka. Amma sun yi tunanin kiyaye iyakokin sa hannun Cuba kuma sun aika da makamai da ƴan ƙwararru zuwa Brazzaville da Dar es Salaam. Bayan watanni biyu ne kawai bayan yaƙin ya koma gefen Kuban kuma Amurka ta zartar da Clark Amendment cewa Moscow ta yarda da wani matakin tallafi ta hanyar shirya har zuwa jiragen sama 10 daga Cuba zuwa Angola.<ref>George, shafi na 79–80</ref> Tare da FNLA suna kai hari daga gabas, halin da ake ciki ga MPLA ƴan kwanaki kaɗan kafin samun ƴancin kai ya yi muni. Bugu da ƙari, Cabinda tana cikin barazanar mamayewa ta ƙarfin FLEC-Zairian.<ref name=au7/> Sojojin Cuba da suka iya shiga tsakani kafin bayyana ƴancin kai a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba sune waɗanda aka tura a cikin CIRs guda uku, ƙwararrun 100 waɗanda suka isa Luanda a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba da ƙwararrun sojoji na musamman na Operation Carlota 164 na farko waɗanda suka isa jiragen sama biyu a maraicen 8 ga Nuwamba.<ref>George, shafi na 82</ref> An aika da ƙwararrun 100 da maza 88 na ƙwararrun sojoji nan da nan zuwa gabanin Quifangondo inda ƙarfin FNLA-Zairian ya ƙaddamar da hari a wannan safiyar. Sun tallafa wa FAPLA 850, [[Katanga Province|Katangans]] 200 da mai ba da shawara ɗaya na Soviet. An riga an kawo makamai masu nauyi na farko daga Cuba ta jirgin ruwa a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, cikinsu akwai bindigogi, manyan bindigogi da 6 [[BM-21 Grad|BM-21]] (''Katyusha'') manyan makamai masu linzami. Kuban sun sami rahotanni cewa mamayewar Cabinda da ake tsammani ya fara a safiyar 8 ga Nuwamba. ===Gaba ta Arewa da Cabinda=== Mamayewar Cabinda an gudanar da shi ta bataliyoyin sojojin ƙasa guda uku na FLEC da ɗaya na Zairian a ƙarƙashin umarnin haya na Faransa da Amurka 150. MPLA tana da Kuban 232 na CIR, bataliyar sojojin ƙasa ta FAPLA da aka horar da ita da wadda ba a horar da ita ba. A cikin yaƙin da ya biyo baya don Cabinda daga 8–13 ga Nuwamba, sun yi nasarar fatattakar mamayewar ba tare da tallafi daga Operation Carlota ba, don haka suka ceci yankin da ke gefe don MPLA.<ref>George, shafi na 82–86</ref> Kwanaki biyu kafin samun ƴancin kai, babban haɗari ga MPLA ya fito daga gabanin arewa inda FNLA da abokanta suka tsaya gabas da Quifangondo. Dakarun FNLA 2,000 sun sami tallafi daga bataliyoyin sojojin ƙasa na Zairian guda biyu (maza 1,200), haya na Fotigal 120, ƴan masu ba da shawara, cikinsu akwai ƙaramin rukunin CIA, da Afirka ta Kudu 52 waɗanda Janar Ben de Wet Roos ke jagoranta. Suna kula da manyan bindigogi da SADF ta bayar waɗanda aka kawo ta jirgin sama zuwa Ambriz kwana biyu kafin hakan.<ref>George, shafi na 89</ref> Bayan harin manyan bindigogi a Luanda da Quifangondo cikin dare da kuma harin bam ta jirgin saman Afirka ta Kudu a farkon sa'o'i, an ƙaddamar da harin ƙarshe na FNLA a safiyar 10 ga Nuwamba. An yi wa ƙarfin da ke kai hari kwanton bauna kuma sojojin FAPLA-Cuban sun lalata shi. Sojojin Cuba sun kuma rufe abokan gaba na Afirka ta Kudu da FNLA da BM-21 Grad manyan makamai masu linzami waɗanda aka sanya a wuri a daren da ya gabata, kuma sun fice daga kewayen manyan bindigogi na Afirka ta Kudu. Rashin nasarar FNLA a [[Yaƙin Quifangondo]] ya tabbatar da babban birnin don MPLA. A wannan rana Fotigal sun miƙa mulki "ga jama'ar Angola" kuma bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan bayan tsakar dare Neto ya bayyana ƴancin kai da kuma kafa "Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Angola".<ref>George, shafi na 91</ref><ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 310–311</ref> CIA da sauran hukumomin sirri na waje sun yi wa FNLA da UNITA kira da su bayyana Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Demokraɗiyya tare da babban birnin wucin gadi a Huambo. Duk da haka, UNITA da FNLA ba su iya yarda a kan haɗin kan gwamnati ba kuma faɗa tsakaninsu ya fara a Huambo a jajibirin ranar ƴancin kai.<ref>Ambaton daga Bridgeland a cikin: Savimbi, shafi na 151</ref><ref>Gleijeses yana ambaton: ''Rand Daily Mail'', 10 ga Nuwamba 1975, shafi na 3</ref><ref>Jornal Novo, 12 ga Nuwamba 1975, shafi na 15</ref> A ranar ƴancin kai MPLA tana da ɗan abin da ya wuce babban birnin da kuma wani yanki na tsakiyar Angola zuwa cikin Zaire da kuma yankin da ke gefe na Cabinda. A ranar 4 ga Disamba, FAPLA-Kuban sun ƙaddamar da hari mai maida martani a kan FNLA. Amma da Luanda da Cabinda suka tabbata kuma an ci FNLA a Quifangondo, daga ƙarshe za su iya ba da ƙarin kulawa ga kudu.<ref name=au30>George, shafi na 101</ref> Cuba ta yi aiki da kanta ta Disamba da Janairu tana shigo da sojojinta a hankali, amma ci gaba da kai. Bayan watanni biyu bayan fara Operation Carlota, Soviets sun yarda da jiragen haya goma a kan manyan jiragen sama na [[Ilyushin Il-62|IL-62]], farawa a ranar 8 ga Janairu.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses2.pdf Takarda daga Centro de Informacion de la Defensa de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias], CIDFAR, [Cibiyar Bayanai ta Sojoji])</ref> Wannan ya biyo baya mako guda bayan yarjejeniya cewa "Soviets za su samar da duk makamai na gaba ... suna jigilar su kai tsaye zuwa Angola don jigilar jirgin sama na Cuba ya iya mai da hankali kan ma'aikata."<ref name=au30/> Zuwa farkon Fabrairu, tare da ƙaruwar adadin sojojin Cuba da makamai masu ci gaba, halin da ake ciki ya canza a madadin MPLA. Harin ƙarshe a Arewa ya fara a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1976. Zuwa ranar 3 ga Janairu, sojojin FAPLA-Cuban sun mamaye sansanonin jiragen sama na FNLA na Negage da Camabatela kuma kwana ɗaya bayan haka babban birnin FNLA na Carmona. Wani yunƙuri na ƙarshe na FNLA na amfani da haya na waje da CIA ta yi rajista (duba babi na gaba: Martanin Amurka) ya gaza; a ranar 11 ga Janairu, FAPLA-Cuban sun kama Ambriz da Ambrizete (N'zeto) kuma a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, wurin da FNLA ta riƙe na ƙarshe, São Salvador. Zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu, bataliyoyin Cuba ɗaya da FAPLA 12 sun lalata FNLA gaba ɗaya, suna korar abin da ya rage daga gare su da kuma sojojin Zairian a fadin iyaka.<ref>Gleijeses yana ambaton: Vermerk über das Gespräch m. d. Präsidenten d. VR Angola, Genossen Dr. Agositinho Neto, am 26 Fabrairu 1976, shafi na 2, SED, DY30IV2/2.035/128</ref><ref>George, shafi na 108–109</ref> An riga an kwashe rukunin Afirka ta Kudu a gabanin arewa ta jirgin ruwa a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba.<ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 51–52; yana ambaton: Spies, F. J. du Toit in. ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, shafi na 140–143; yana ambaton: du Preez, Sophia in: ''Avontuur in Angola. Die verhaal van Suid-Afrika se soldate in Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, shafi na 121–122; yana ambaton: de Villiers, PW, shafi na 259</ref> Haya na ƙarshe sun bar arewacin Angola a ranar 17 ga Janairu.<ref>''Guardian'', Manchester, 18 Fabrairu 1976, shafi na 2</ref> ===Martanin Amurka=== Kwanaki da yawa kafin Amurka ta fahimci tsananin shan kashi na FNLA a Quifangondo, amma har ma a lokacin ba ta da wata masaniya game da girman sa hannun Cuba. Labarin daga gabanin kudu, a ganinsu, har yanzu yana da kyau.<ref>CIA, Intelligence Checklist, 14 ga Nuwamba 1975, shafi na A2–A5, NSA</ref> Kissinger, kamar yadda Afirka ta Kudu, ya girgiza da girman martanin Soviet da Cuba. Rundunar aikin Angolan ta CIA a hedkwatar CIA a Langley ta kasance da kwarin gwiwa sosai game da nasarar da sojojin Zairian da Afirka ta Kudu za su samu, cewa a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, membobin sun yi bikin samun ƴancin kai na Angola tare da giya da cuku a ofisoshinsu.<ref name=au6/> Amurka ba ta yi tsokaci game da sa hannun Afirka ta Kudu a Angola ba amma ta la'anci sa hannun Cuba lokacin da ta fara amincewa da sojojin Cuba a Angola a cikin wata sanarwa a hukumance a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1975. Kissinger ya ce "ƙoƙarin Amurka na kusantar Cuba zai ƙare idan 'sa hannun sojojin Cuba a harkokin sauran ƙasashe da ke gwagwarmaya don yanke shawara game da makomarsu' ya ci gaba."<ref name=au14/> A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 1976, Ford ya kira Castro "ɗan fashin duniya" kuma sa hannun Cuba "aikin cin zarafi ne na bayyane."<ref name=au31>Smith, shafi na 73</ref> Saboda ƙiyayya tsakanin Amurka da Cuba, Amurkawa sun ɗauki irin wannan taimakon daga Kuban a matsayin shan kashi wanda ba za a iya karɓa ba.<ref>Cohen, Hermann, National Security Council, USA, in ''Une Odyssée Africaine'' (Faransa, 2006, 59m) wanda: Jihan El Tahri ya jagoranta</ref> Amurka ta ɗauka cewa USSR ce ke bayan sa hannun Cuba.<ref name=a20/><ref>Gräfin Dönhoff, Marion in: Die Buren sind abgezogen, Pretorias Chance zum Umdenken, ''Die Zeit'' 36, 1988, shafi na 7</ref> A ranar 9 ga Disamba, Ford ya nemi Soviets su dakatar da jigilar jirgin sama, har yanzu yana ɗauka cewa aiki ne na Soviet.<ref>George, shafi na 99</ref> Amurkawa sun kuma nuna dalilai da lokutan Kuban daban-daban: Sun yi iƙirarin cewa Afirka ta Kudu dole ne ta shiga tsakani bayan Cuba ta aika sojoji don tallafawa MPLA kuma cewa yaƙin a Angola babban sabon ƙalubale ne ga ikon Amurka ta Moscow mai faɗaɗa da ke da sabuwar kwarin gwiwa bayan nasarorin kwaminisanci a [[Yaƙin Vietnam]]. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka ne kawai ya zama a gare su a sarari cewa Kuban sun yi aiki da kansu.<ref>Frank Wisner Jr., Jakada, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka, a cikin ''Une Odyssée Africaine'' (Faransa, 2006, 59m) wanda: Jihan El Tahri ya jagoranta</ref> Castro ya mayar da martani ga martanin Amurka: "Me ya sa suka damu? Me ya sa suka shirya komai don mallakar Angola kafin 11 ga Nuwamba? Angola ƙasa ce mai arzikin albarkatu. A Cabinda akwai mai mai yawa. Wasu masu mulkin mallaka suna mamaki me ya sa muke taimaka wa Angolan, waɗanne muradu muke da su. Sun saba tunanin cewa ƙasa ɗaya tana taimaka wa wata ƙasa ne kawai idan tana son man ta, tagulla, lu'u-lu'u ko wasu albarkatu. A'a, ba mu neman muradu na kayan abu kuma yana da ma'ana cewa masu mulkin mallaka ba su fahimci wannan ba. Suna san kaɗai ƙa'idodin kishin ƙasa, ƙabilanci da son kai. Ta hanyar taimaka wa jama'ar Angola muna cika muhimmin aiki na [[Ƙasashen Duniya (siyasa)|Ƙasashen Duniya]].<ref name=a20/> A ranar 3 ga Disamba 1975, a wani taro tare da jami'an Amurka da China ciki har da [[Deng Xiaoping]] (Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma mataimakin [[Mao Zedong]]), [[Qiao Guanhua]] (Ministan Harkokin Waje), Shugaba [[Gerald Ford]], Henry Kissinger (Sakataren Harkokin Waje/Ministan Harkokin Waje), [[Brent Scowcroft]] (Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa na NSA) da [[George H. W. Bush]] (Shugaban Ofishin Hulɗa na Amurka a Peking) an tattauna batutuwan ƙasashen duniya, ɗayansu shine Angola. Duk da yake China ta tallafa wa MPLA a baya, yanzu sun goyi bayan FNLA da UNITA. China tana da damuwa musamman game da hankalin Afirka da girman kai kuma ta ɗauki sa hannun Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin matsalar farko kuma mai rikitarwa. Kissinger ya mayar da martani, cewa Amurka a shirye take "ta fitar da Afirka ta Kudu da zaran za a iya samar da wata rundunar soji mai maye gurbi".<ref name="gleijeses4">{{cite web|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses4.pdf|title=Memorandum of Conversation (between United States and China)|date=3 ga Disamba 1975|publisher=[[Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka]]}} Takarda da National Security Archive ta samu, daga National Archives Record Group 59. Records of the Department of State, Policy Planning Staff, Director's Files (Winston Lord)</ref> A wannan taron ne Shugaba Ford ya gaya wa Sinawa: "Ba mu da wata alaƙa da sa hannun Afirka ta Kudu, kuma za mu ɗauki mataki don fitar da Afirka ta Kudu, muddin za a iya kiyaye daidaito don ba su kasance a ciki ba".<ref name="gleijeses4"/> Ya kuma ce ya amince da ƙarin dala miliyan 35 (don tallafawa arewa) sama da abin da aka yi a baya. Sun tattauna kuma sun yarda wa zai tallafawa FNLA ko UNITA ta wace hanya da kuma yadda za a yi la'akari da hankalin ƙasashe makwabta.<ref name="gleijeses4"/> Sai kawai lokacin da gwamnatin Amurka ta nemi Majalisa dala miliyan 28 don IAFEATURE ne Majalisa ta mai da hankali sosai ga abubuwan da suka faru a Angola. A lokacin "shaidar mamayewar Afirka ta Kudu tana da yawa kuma ƙamshin haɗin gwiwar Amurka da Pretoria yana yawo a iska. Mafi muni, ƙaruwar adadin sojojin Cuba sun lalata shirye-shiryen CIA kuma gwamnati ta zama kamar ta rasa abin da za ta yi na gaba."<ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 332</ref> Ba a amince da kuɗin ba kuma a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1975, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta zartar da gyara da ke hana taimakon sirri ga ƙungiyoyin masu adawa da Kwaminisanci da rage sa hannun CIA a Angola. Daga baya a wannan lokacin sanyi, wani gyara ga dokar taimakon ƙasashen waje wanda Dick Clark ya ɗauki nauyi ya tsawaita haramcin. ([[Clark Amendment]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/johnson/clark.htm|title=Clark Amendment article|work=cuny.edu}}</ref> Gwamnatin Amurka ta koma wasu hanyoyin tallafawa FNLA da UNITA waɗanda ɗayansu shine ɗaukar hayar haya. CIA ta fara wani shiri na sirri don ɗaukar [[Brazilians]] da [[Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci a Turai|Turawa]] don yaƙi a arewacin Angola. Gaba ɗaya sun yi nasarar ɗaukar maza kusan 250, amma a lokacin da adadi mai ma'ana ya isa a Janairu 1975, yakin a arewa ya kusan ƙarewa.<ref>Gleijeses, shafi na 334–337</ref> Sauran hanyoyin ci gaba da tallafawa FNLA da UNITA sun kasance ta hanyar Afirka ta Kudu da sauran ƙasashen da Amurka ke da alaƙa da su kamar Isra'ila da Morocco.<ref name=au26>Wright, George in: ''The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy toward Angola since 1945'', Pluto Press, London, Chicago, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7453-1029-X}}, shafi na 100</ref> Rahoton Henry Kissinger na Janairu 13, 1976 ya ba da haske game da ayyuka da ƙiyayya a Angola, inter alia:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB67/gleijeses1.pdf|title=(Takarda da aka samu daga fayilolin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta hanyar FOIA)|date=Janairu 1976|publisher=[[Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka]]}}</ref> {{Blockquote| 2. An biyo bayan sabunta rahoton halin da ake ciki dangane da tushen sirri.<br /> '''A: Diplomacy''' *(1) Wakilan Cuba guda biyu sun kasance a Addis Ababa. A lokacin taron [[Kungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka]] (OAU) da aka kammala, wata tawagar, karkashin [[:es:Osmany Cienfuegos Gorriarán|Osmany Cienfuegos]], jami'in PCC mai kula da Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na PCC, ta ziyarci Congo, Najeriya, Uganda da Aljeriya kafin taron OAU. Wata tawagar Cuba ta jagoranci jakadan Cuba Ricardo Alarcon. *(2) A ƙarshen Disamba farkon Janairu tawagar MPLA ta ziyarci [[Jamaica]], [[Guyana]], [[Venezuela]] da [[Panama]] don neman goyon baya ga lamarin ta. Tawagar har yanzu tana yankin. '''B: Soja''' *(1) An kiyasta cewa Cuba na iya samun sojoji har 9,000 a Angola, dangane da adadin jigilar jiragen sama da na teku na Cuba waɗanda suka riga sun wuce Angola. Taimakon soji ga MPLA na iya kashe Cuba dala miliyan 30. Wannan adadi ya haɗa da ƙimar kayan aikin soji da Cuba ta aika zuwa Angola, kuɗin jigilar mutane da kayan aiki, da kuma kuɗin kiyaye sojoji a filin. *(2) Sojojin Cuba sun ɗauki nauyin faɗa a harin MPLA a yankin arewa a makon da ya gabata wanda ya haifar da kama Uige (Carmona) ta MPLA. MPLA na iya shirya don kai hari a kudu, wani ɓangare bisa ga roƙon Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka (SWAPO). *(3) An ruwaito cewa jiragen yaƙi na Soviet takwas, wataƙila [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG-17s]], ana haɗa su a Luanda. Waɗannan jiragen yaƙi sun isa daga wata majiya da ba a sani ba a ƙarshen Disamba. Ana sa ran za a aika da MiGs takwas, nau'in da ba a sani ba, zuwa Angola daga Najeriya, matuƙan jirgin sama na Cuba da yawa sun isa a cikin Disamba. Matuƙan jirgin sama suna sarrafa jiragen sama da yawa yanzu da MPLA ke da su ciki har da [[Fokker F27|Fokker Friendship F-27]]. Kuban za su sarrafa MiGs. *(4) Sojojin Cuba suna cikin cikakken iko na Luanda a ranar 9 ga Janairu. Suna gudanar da duk sintiri na tsaro, suna sarrafa wuraren binciken ƴan sanda, kuma da alama nan da nan za su ɗauki iko da filin jirgin sama na Luanda. *(5) Cuba na iya fara amfani da jiragen sama masu ɗaukar fasinja 200 [[IL-62]] (Soviet) a ayyukanta na tallafawa jigilar jirgin sama. IL-62 yana da ninki biyu na iya aiki na [[Bristol Britannia]]s da [[Ilyushin Il-18|IL-18]] waɗanda Cuba ta yi amfani da su a baya kuma yana da dogon zango kuma. IL-62 ya bar Havana don Luanda Janairu 10. da Janairu 11. '''C: Sauran:''' *Duk jiragen kasuwanci na Fotigal da ke sauka a Luanda yanzu suna ɗaukar abinci gwargwadon yuwuwa. Abubuwan abinci da ke samuwa ga yawan jama'a sun zama ƙarami.}} "Jami'an leƙen asiri na Amurka sun kiyasta cewa zuwa 20 ga Disamba akwai Cubans 5,000 zuwa 6,000 a Angola."<ref>Gleijeses yana ambaton: Sakataren Harkokin Waje ga Duk Ofisoshin Jakadancin Jamhuriyar Amurka, 20 ga Disamba 1975</ref> "Majiyoyin Cuba, duk da haka, sun nuna cewa adadin ya === Labaran jaridu na duniya === Yan Afirka ta Kudu sun yi nasarar ɓoye tsoma bakinsu daga kallon duniya na ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Har ma ta ɗauki MPLA har zuwa 23 ga Oktoba 1975 don lura cewa ba farar fata haya ba ne amma SADF na ci gaba a Luanda. Amma duk da haka an ɗauki tsawon wata guda kafin manema labarai na duniya su lura: kwana guda bayan da aka dakatar da ci gaban Afirka ta Kudu a gabar teku, wakilan biyu daga Reuters da British Independent Television News sun buga labarin cewa 'yan Afirka ta Kudu na yaƙi a Angola.[152] A ranar 23 ga Nuwamban 1975 wata babbar jaridar Yamma, Washington Post, ta ba da sanarwar cewa sojojin Afirka ta Kudu na yau da kullun suna fafatawa a cikin Angola. Ko da yake wasu takaddun har yanzu sun yi jinkirin bi, misali, New York Times a ranar 12 ga Disamba, gaskiyar ta zama sananne a duniya. Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu ma an ajiye su a cikin duhu, kuma a ranar 19 ga Disamba kawai sun sami ƙarin bayani game da abin da ake kira "Yaƙin kan iyaka" lokacin da takardu suka buga hotunan sojojin SADF da FAPLA da Cubans suka kama. ===Kudancin Gaba=== ====An dakatar da ci gaban SADF==== [[File:South Africa Border War Map.png|right|thumb|300px|Iyakokin ayyukan SADF.]] A lokacin da FAPLA da Cubans suka sami damar mai da hankali sosai ga kudancin gaba bayan yakin Quifangondo, 'yan Afirka ta Kudu sun sami ci gaba sosai. A ranar 6 da 7 ga Nuwamba 1975, Rundunar Ayyuka ta Zulu ta mamaye biranen tashar jiragen ruwa na Benguela da Lobito wadanda aka yi watsi da su ba zato ba tsammani. An mika garuruwa da biranen da SADF ta mamaye ga UNITA. A tsakiyar Angola, a lokaci guda, rukunin yaki na Foxbat ya yi tafiyar kilomita 800 arewa zuwa Luanda.<ref name=au6/> A lokacin ya zama sananne cewa ba za a iya mamaye Luanda ba kafin ranar samun 'yancin kai a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba kuma 'yan Afirka ta Kudu sun yi la'akari da dakatar da ci gaban kuma su ja da baya. Amma a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1975 Vorster ya amince da buƙatar gaggawa ta UNITA don ci gaba da matsin lamba na soja da nufin kwace yankuna da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwar kafin taron OAU mai zuwa.<ref>George, p. 93</ref> Don haka, Zulu da Foxbat sun ci gaba da tafiya arewa tare da sabbin rukunin yaƙi guda biyu da aka kafa a cikin ƙasa (X-Ray da Orange) kuma "akwai dalili kaɗan na tunanin FAPLA za ta iya dakatar da wannan ƙarfin da aka faɗaɗa daga mamaye Luanda cikin mako guda."<ref>George, p. 94</ref> Cikin Nuwamba da Disamba 1975, yawan sojojin SADF a Angola ya kai 2,900 zuwa 3,000.<ref>Spies, F. J. du Toit in. ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, p. 215</ref> Zulu yanzu ya fuskanci tsayin daka mai ƙarfi da ke ci gaba a Novo Redondo bayan haka sa'a ta canza don goyon bayan FAPLA da Cubans. Ƙarin sojojin Cuban na farko sun isa Porto Amboim, 'yan kilomita kaɗan arewa da Novo Redondo, cikin sauri suka lalata gadoji uku da suka haye kogin Queve, wanda ya dakatar da ci gaban Afirka ta Kudu tare da gabar teku a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1975.<ref>George, pp. 94–96</ref> Duk da ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba zuwa arewa zuwa Novo Redondo, SADF ta kasa karya kariyar FAPLA.<ref>Observer, 7 December 1975, p. 11</ref><ref>Times, 11 December 1975, p. 7</ref><ref>Gleijeses quoting: du Preez, Sophia in: Avontuur in Angola. Die verhaal van Suid-Afrika se soldate in Angola 1975-1976, Pretoria, 1989, pp. 154–173; quoting: Spies, F. J. du Toit in. ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, pp. 203–18</ref> A cikin wani ci gaba na ƙarshe mai nasara, rundunar Afirka ta Kudu da sojojin UNITA sun mamaye Luso a kan layin dogo na Benguela a ranar 11 ga Disamba wanda suka riƙe har zuwa 27 ga Disamba.<ref>Gleijeses quoting: du Preez, Sophia in: ''Avontuur in Angola. Die verhaal van Suid-Afrika se soldate in Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, pp. 186–201</ref> A tsakiyar Disamba, Afirka ta Kudu ta tsawaita aikin soja kuma ta kira ajiyar sojoji.<ref>Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), 8, 28 December 1975, E3 (quoting Botha)</ref><ref>Gleijeses quoting: Steenkamp, Willem in: South Africa's Border War 1966-1989, Gibraltar,1989, p. 55</ref> "Wata alama ce ta tsananin halin da ake ciki …. ita ce ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman kiran sojoji a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu yana faruwa a yanzu".<ref>''Rand Daily Mail'', 16 January</ref> Zuwa ƙarshen Disamba, Cuba ta tura sojoji 3,500 zuwa 4,000 a Angola, daga cikinsu 1,000 suna tsaron Cabinda <ref name=au19/> kuma a ƙarshe tafiya ta juya don goyon bayan MPLA.<ref name=au14/> Baya ga "kama" a kudancin gaba,<ref>Gleijeses quoting: Secretary of State to all American Republic Diplomatic posts, 20 December 1975, NSA</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta fuskanci wasu manyan matsaloli guda biyu: kafofin watsa labarai na duniya suna lura da aikin da kuma canjin manufofin Amurka. ====Afirka ta Kudu ta janye==== Dangane da waɗannan ci gaban, Pretoria dole ta yanke shawara ko za ta ci gaba da shiga kuma ta kawo ƙarin sojoji. A ƙarshen Disamba 1975, an yi muhawara mai zafi tsakanin Vorster, ministan harkokin waje Muller, ministan tsaro Botha, shugaban BOSS (Hukumar Tsaron Jiha ta Afirka ta Kudu) van den Bergh da wasu manyan jami'ai game da janyewa ko zama. Zaire, UNITA da Amurka sun matsa wa Afirka ta Kudu ta zauna. Amma Amurka ba za ta goyi bayan shigar Afirka ta Kudu a fili ba kuma ta tabbatar da ci gaba da taimakon soja idan akwai rikici. [[File:Cuban PT-76 Angola.JPG|thumb|250px|Tankin PT-76 mai tukin Cuba a titunan Luanda, 1976.]] A ranar 30 ga Disamba 1975, Vorster ya shirya janyewa bayan zaman gaggawa na OAU a Addis Ababa a ranar 13 ga Janairu 1976, zuwa layin kilomita 50 zuwa 80 arewa da iyakar Namibia.<ref>Gleijeses quoting: Spies, F. J. du Toit in: ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, pp. 260–263; quoting: de Villers Dirk and Johanna in: ''PW-A biography of South Africa's President PW Botha'', Cape Town: Tafelberg, 1984, pp. 266–269</ref> "A fannin soja ci gaban ya tsaya cak ko ta yaya, kamar yadda duk yunƙurin Kungiyoyin Yaki Orange da X-Ray na faɗaɗa yaƙin zuwa cikin ƙasa an tilasta musu su koma baya saboda gadoji da aka lalata."<ref>George, p. 107</ref> A farkon Janairu 1976, Cubans sun ƙaddamar da harin farko na kai hari wanda ya kori Foxbat daga tsaunukan Tongo da Medunda.<ref>George, p. 105</ref> Taron OAU wanda 'yan Afirka ta Kudu suka yi fatan hakan ya ƙarshe ya tattauna batun Angola kuma suka kada kuri'a a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1976, inda suka la'anci shigar Afirka ta Kudu kuma suka buƙaci ta janye.<ref>George, p. 106</ref> Da suka ga yadda Cubans suka yi da kuma sanyin gwiwa daga Yamma, Pretoria ta zaɓi ta janye kuma ta ba da umarnin janyewar sojojinta daga Angola.<ref>Gleijeses, pp. 337, 341, also quoting: See the pessimistic reports of Generals André van Deventer, Magnus Malan and Viljoen in Spies, F. J. du Toit in: ''Operasie Savannah. Angola 1975-1976'', Pretoria, 1989, pp. 259, 261, 264 and: World (Johannesburg), 3 December 1975, p. 1: Quotations from Admiral H. H. Biermann</ref><ref>Thom, William in: ''Angola's 1975-76 Civil War'', Autumn 1998, 1-44, p. 31</ref> Ra'ayin gwamnatin Pretoria a lokacin an bayyana shi a wani jawabi da Botha ya yi a gaban majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1978, inda ya zargi Amurka da "saba wa alkawarin ba su duk goyon bayan da ake buƙata a yakin su na cin nasara kan MPLA":<ref name=au31/> "A kan waɗanne ƙasashe makwabta muka ɗauki matakai na cin zarafi? Na san lokaci guda ɗaya kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, lokacin da muka haye iyaka kuma wannan shi ne batun Angola lokacin da muka yi haka tare da amincewa da ilimin Amurkawa. Amma sun bar mu a cikin tarkon. Za mu sake ba da wannan labarin: dole ne a ba da labarin da kuma yadda muka, tare da ilimin su, muka shiga can kuma muka yi aiki a Angola tare da ilimin su, yadda suka ƙarfafa mu mu yi aiki kuma, lokacin da muka kusan kai ga kololuwa, an bar mu ba tare da tausayi ba."<ref>Gleijeses quoting: Botha, P. W., 27 January 1976, Republic of South Africa, House of Assembly Debates, col. 114</ref> Da zarar an yanke shawara, Afirka ta Kudu ta gaggauta janye sojojinta zuwa Namibia. A ƙarshen Janairu, SADF ta bar garuruwan Cela da Novo Redondo <ref>Gleijeses quoting: CIA, National Intelligence Daily, 8 January 1976</ref> Bayan 'yan gumurzu kaɗan, Cubans sun kasance a bayan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu da suka ja da baya kuma cikin sauƙi suka shawo kan sauran tsayin daka na UNITA. Zuwa farkon Fabrairu 1976, SADF ta koma kudancin Angola, ta bar filayen nakiyoyi da gadoji da aka tarwatsa. Babban birnin UNITA, Nova Lisboa (Huambo) ya faɗa hannun FAPLA a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Lobito da Benguela a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu. Zuwa ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, iko da layin dogo na Benguala ya cika kuma a ranar 13 ga Maris UNITA ta rasa matsayinta na ƙarshe a kudu maso gabashin Angola, Gago Gouthinho (Lumbala N'Guimbo). A cikin wannan harin ne Cubans suka fara amfani da sojojinsu na sama.<ref name=au9>George, p. 112</ref> Sojojin SADF dubu huɗu zuwa biyar sun ajiye wani yanki tare da iyakar Namibiya har zuwa kilomita 80 a zurfi har sai Angola ta ba da tabbaci cewa ba za ta samar da sansanoni ga SWAPO ba kuma za ta ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki ga Namibiya daga madatsun ruwa na Cunene.<ref>Washington Post, 4 February 1976, p. 1</ref> Yayin da Cubans da FAPLA ke gabatowa a hankali zuwa kudancin iyakar, Afirka ta Kudu da MPLA sun fara tattaunawa kai tsaye game da janyewar Afirka ta Kudu wanda gwamnatocin Birtaniya da Soviet suka yi sulhu.<ref name=au1>Time: Recognition, Not Control, 1 March 1976</ref> Neto ya ba da umarni ga FAPLA da Cubans su tsaya a wani nesa daga iyakar, don kauce wa abin da wasu ke tsoron zai iya zama rikici mai girma.<ref name=au1/> A madadin amincewar Afirka ta Kudu, ya ba da tabbacin kare amincin jarin Afirka ta Kudu na dalar Amurka miliyan 180 a cikin rukunin samar da wutar lantarki na Cunene a arewa maso yammacin Namibiya, kusa da iyakar Angola.<ref name=au1/> A ranar 25 ga Maris, Botha ya sanar da janyewar dukkan sojojin Afirka ta Kudu daga Angola kafin ranar 27 ga Maris 1976.<ref>Gleijeses quoting: Republic of South Africa, House of Assembly Debates, 25 March 1976, cols. 3916-17</ref> A ranar 27 ga Maris, motocin soja 60 na ƙarshe sun haye iyakar zuwa Namibia. ===Haɗin kai=== Bayan janyewar Afirka ta Kudu, ƙarfin FNLA da UNITA ya ragargaje kuma MPLA ta kasance ita kaɗai ce mai iko.<ref name=au31/> Da taimakon kawayenta na Cuba, MPLA "ba wai kawai ta ci nasara a kan abokan gaba ba - FNLA da UNITA - amma a cikin wannan tsari ta kori CIA kuma ta wulakanta babbar injin yaƙi ta Pretoria."<ref name=au9/> Duk abin da ya rage na UNITA ya ja da baya zuwa cikin dajin Angola da Zaire. Wasu kasashen Afirka sun soki UNITA a bainar jama'a saboda alakarta da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata, CIA da kuma 'yan haya farare.<ref name=au27>Brittain, Victoria in: [https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4362364,00.html ''Guardian'']: Jonas Savimbi, Angolan nationalist whose ambition kept his country at war, 25 February 2002</ref> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi taro don tattauna "aikin ta'addanci da Afirka ta Kudu ta aikata a kan Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Angola" kuma a ranar 31 ga Maris 1976, ta ayyana Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin mai kai hari, tana buƙatar ta biya diyya don barnar yaƙi. A matakin kasa da kasa, Afirka ta Kudu ta sami kanta cikin keɓe gaba daya kuma gazawar Operation Savannah ta bar ta "ba tare da wani abu mai daɗi ba."<ref name=au10>George, p. 114</ref> "Tasirin cikin gida na bala'in Angola ya fara bayyana cikin sauri lokacin da, a ranar 16 ga Yuni 1976 - wanda nasarar FAPLA-Cuban ta ƙarfafa - Tashe-tashen hankula na Soweto ya fara, wanda ya buɗe wani lokaci na tashin hankali na farar hula wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa kuma bayan rushewar wariyar launin fata."<ref name=au10/> Wani koma baya ga Pretoria a cikin shekaru huɗu shi ne ƙarshen mulkin fararen fata a Rhodesia yayin da ta fito a matsayin ƙasa ta gaba mai mulkin baƙar fata ta Zimbabwe, wanda ya kammala keɓewar yanki na Afirka ta Kudu mai wariyar launin fata. Angola ta sami amincewa daga OAU a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 1976. OAU ta amince da MPLA a matsayin gwamnatin Angola. Yawancin kasashen duniya, duk da cewa ba Amurka ba, ba da daɗewa ba suka yi haka.<ref name=au1/> Amurka ta kasa hana shigarta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin memba na 146.<ref>George, p. 113</ref> A lokacin da aka kai kololuwar tura sojoji a 1976, Cuba tana da sojoji 36,000 da aka ajiye a Angola.<ref>[http://www.afrol.com/articles/17553 afrol News], 6. Dec. 2005 / Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores</ref> A taron su a Conakry a ranar 14 ga Maris 1976, lokacin da aka riga aka tabbatar da nasara, Castro da Neto sun yanke shawarar cewa Cubans za su janye a hankali, suna barin isasshen maza don shirya rundunar sojoji mai ƙarfi, ta zamani, mai iya tabbatar da tsaron MPLA a nan gaba ba tare da taimakon waje ba. Cubans ba su da niyyar shiga cikin yaƙi mai tsawo na cikin gida na yaki da 'yan tawaye kuma suka fara rage kasancewarsu a Angola kamar yadda aka tsara bayan janyewar 'yan Afirka ta Kudu. Zuwa ƙarshen Mayu, fiye da sojoji 3,000 sun riga sun koma Cuba, kuma da yawa suna kan hanya.<ref>García Márquez, Gabriel in: Operation Carlota, 1976, http://www.rhodesia.nl/marquez.htm</ref> Zuwa ƙarshen shekara sojojin Cuban sun ragu zuwa 12,000. [[File:Fidel Castro, Havana, 1978 (9609361).jpg|thumb|250px|Fidel Castro 1978 yana magana a Havana, Hoto: Marcelo Montecino.]] Cubans suna da babban fata cewa bayan nasarar su a Angola, tare da haɗin gwiwar USSR, za su iya cire dukkan kudancin Afirka daga tasirin Amurka da China.<ref>Gleijeses quoting: Matthews, Herbert in: Forward with Fidel Castro, Anywhere, New York Times, 4 March 1976, p. 31</ref> A Angola, sun kafa sansanonin horo da yawa ga 'yan tawaye na Namibia (SWAPO), Rhodesia (ZAPU) da Afirka ta Kudu (ANC). Wani rahoton leƙen asiri na SADF a 1977 ya kammala "cewa matsayin horo na SWAPO ya inganta sosai saboda horon da suka samu daga masu horarwa na Cuban."<ref name=au2>Scholtz, Leopold, Stellenbosch University, Vol. 34, Issue 1, 2006: The Namibian Border War</ref> Cuba ta ga babban aikinta na biyu a horarwa da samar da makamai ga FAPLA wanda Soviets suka ba da karimci da makamai masu ci gaba ciki har da tankuna da kuma rundunar jiragen sama ta kanta tare da jiragen yaƙi na MiG-21. A farkon 1977, sabuwar gwamnatin Carter tana da niyyar amincewa da gwamnatin MPLA duk da kasancewar sojojin Cuban suna zaton za a janye su da zarar an warware matsalar Namibiya kuma an tabbatar da iyakar kudancin Angola.<ref>Wright, George in: ''The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy toward Angola since 1945'', Pluto Press, London, Chicago, 1997, {{ISBN|0-7453-1029-X}}, p. 78</ref> Sojojin MPLA da Cuban suna da iko a kan dukkan biranen kudancin kasar a 1977, amma hanyoyin da ke kudu sun fuskanci hare-hare akai-akai daga UNITA. Savimbi ya nuna niyyarsa na sulhu da MPLA da kuma kafa gwamnatin haɗin kai, ta gurguzu, amma ya dage kan janyewar Cuban da farko. "Maƙiyi na gaskiya shine mulkin mallaka na Cuban," Savimbi ya gaya wa manema labarai, yana gargadi, "Cubans sun mamaye ƙasar, amma ba dade ko ba jima za su sha wahalar Vietnam nasu a Angola." A matakin kasa da kasa, nasarar Cuba a kan Afirka ta Kudu ta haɓaka martabar Castro a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabanni a Ƙungiyar Kasashe Masu Zaman Kansu wanda ya kasance babban sakatare daga 1979 zuwa 1983.<ref>George</ref> Kodayake tare da taimakon Cuba gwamnatin MPLA ta kafu sosai, yunƙurin Cuban na mika tsaron ƙasar ya ci tura kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta shiga cikin yakin MPLA da UNITA. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1l4ogrpjjsz0eqdqf87o7aso6zx519f Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Habasha 0 102352 891591 681145 2026-08-05T07:02:58Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Habasha''' ('''EHRC''') (Amharic) wata cibiyar kare hakkin dan adam ce ta kasa (NHRI) da Gwamnatin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ta kafa. Ana tuhumar EHRC da inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma binciken cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa a Habasha. EHRC ta bayyana 'yancin kai na ƙungiya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodinta. A watan Oktoba na 2021, an inganta darajar EHRC ta Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions don aiki daidai da [[Ka'idodin Paris na Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Ka'idodin Paris]] na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] daga aji na B (ƙananan bin doka) zuwa aji na A (cikakken bin doka). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} GANHRI Sub-Committee on Accreditation (SCA) |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/NHRI/Pages/GANHRISSubCommitteeAccreditation.aspx |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=EHRC thanks its stakeholders for their support in its success in obtaining "A" status reaccreditation |url=https://ehrc.org/ehrc-thanks-its-stakeholders-for-their-support-in-its-success-in-obtaining-a-status-reaccreditation/ |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Halitta == An ba da umarni ta hanyar tanadi a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 1995 (mataki na 55), <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICL > Ethiopia > Constitution |url=https://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/et00000_.html |access-date=Dec 24, 2020 |website=www.servat.unibe.ch}}</ref> an kafa Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Habasha a ranar 4 ga Yulin 2000 a matsayin kungiya mai cin gashin kanta da ke da alhakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a (HoPR), ƙaramin gidan majalisar dokokin tarayya ta Habasha. A shekara ta 2004, majalisar ta nada Babban Kwamishinan EHRC na farko.<ref name="AI_EHRC_2019">{{Cite web |title=Skirting Human Rights Violations: Recommendations for Reform of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503191109/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=2020-05-03 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2018 |title=Who we are - Ethiopian Human Rights |url=http://www.ehrc.org.et/web/guest/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224233420/http://www.ehrc.org.et/web/guest/who-we-are |archive-date=2018-12-24 |access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref> == Jagora da tsari == A cikin shekara ta 2017 da shekarar 2018, Addisu Gebre Egziabher shine shugaban (Babban Kwamishina) na EHRC. A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2019, an nada [[Daniel Bekele]], tsohon fursuna na [[Amnesty International]], <ref name="Amnesty_2008released">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-01 |title=Further Information on UA 299/07 (AFR 25/027/2007, 09 November 2007, AFR 25/001/2008, 9 January 2008) – Prisoner of conscience |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/80000/afr250142005en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325153326/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/52000/afr250032008eng.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-25 |access-date=2021-01-09 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> darektan [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] kuma mai sukar EHRC akai-akai, a matsayin sabon babban kwamishinan kuma an caje shi da sake fasalin ta. Daga Yulin shekarar 2020 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 2021, Aaron Maasho, mai bincike kuma ɗan jarida, shi ne darektan sadarwa na EHRC. Daga Maris na shekarar 2021 zuwa Fabrairun shekarar 2022, Martin Witteveen, masanin shari'a a cikin dokar aikata laifuka ta duniya, yana ɗaya daga cikin masu binciken EHRC. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2025, majalisar dokoki ta nada Berhanu Adelo a matsayin babban kwamishinan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Addis3 |date=2025-01-30 |title=Parliament appoints Berhanu Adelo as new Chief of Ethiopian Human Rights Commission |url=https://addisstandard.com/parliament-appoints-berhanu-adelo-as-new-chief-of-ethiopian-human-rights-commission/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=Addis Standard |language=en-US}}</ref> == 'Yancin kai == A karkashin Sanarwar No. 210/2000 da ta kafa EHRC, Mataki na 13 ya bayyana cewa Babban Kwamishinan yana da alhakin HoPR, ba gwamnatin tarayya ta Habasha ba. Cire Babban Kwamishinan yana buƙatar, a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 17, ƙirƙirar Kotun Bincike ta Musamman wanda ya ƙunshi membobin HoPR, na Majalisar Tarayya (HoF) da mataimakin shugaban Kotun Koli ta Tarayya. A karkashin Mataki na 35, wadanda aka nada da masu bincike na EHRC suna da kariya daga tsare-tsare da kamawa, sai dai idan aka kama su da hannu (a cikin flagrante delito) don babban laifi, ko kuma tare da izinin HoPR ko Babban Kwamishinan. Mataki na 40 ya kafa rashin amsawa don ɓata suna ga masu shigar da kara ga EHRC da kuma rahotanni na EHRC. A cikin shekara ta 2019, [[Amnesty International]] ta bayyana EHRC a matsayin rashin 'yancin kai da kuma biyan bukatun gwamnati maimakon bayar da lissafi ga cin zarafi.<ref name="AI_EHRC_2019">{{Cite web |title=Skirting Human Rights Violations: Recommendations for Reform of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503191109/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=2020-05-03 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=Amnesty International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF "Skirting Human Rights Violations: Recommendations for Reform of the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Amnesty International''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200503191109/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR2501232019ENGLISH.PDF Archived] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Ya zuwa Nuwamba , EHRC ta biya ƙananan albashi. Babban kwamishinan ya sami albashi bayan haraji na US $ a kowane wata, wanda ya dace da ma'aikatan gwamnati na Habasha. Kudin kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na dala miliyan ya buƙaci amincewar Ma'aikatar Kudi, wanda aka gani a matsayin ƙuntatawa ga ikon cin gashin kai na EHRC. EHRC ta karbi daruruwan korafe-korafe kowane wata a cikin 2019, amma kawai za ta iya bincika karamin kashi saboda rashin ma'aikatan da suka dace da kuma cin gashin kansu. A cewar ''[[The Guardian]]'', bayan da [[Daniel Bekele]] ya zama shugaban EHRC a farkon 2019, ya karfafa karfin EHRC da 'yancin kai, yana mai da shi "a cikin wani abu da ke kusa da mai kula da shi". Ingantawa sun haɗa da samun 'yancin kai mafi girma wajen zabar kwamishinoni da daukar ma'aikata da kuma korar ma'aikata, yayin da kwamishinoni a baya galibi sun kunshi mambobin jam'iyya masu mulki. EHRC ta sami ƙarin iko wajen ziyartar kurkuku ba tare da sanar da su ba, da kuma samun ƙarin damar ga lauyoyi da 'yan uwa ga fursunonin siyasa. Dangane da rahoton EHRC na Nuwamba 2020 game da Kisan kiyashi na Mai Kadra, akwai "karin ra'ayi tsakanin Tigrayans" cewa EHRC ta nuna son kai ga ra'ayin gwamnatin tarayya game da kiran kiyashi. Daniel ya bayyana cewa "a lokacin ba mu da isasshen bayani don yin rubuce-rubuce da bayar da rahoto game da" hare-haren da aka kai wa Tigrayans a lokacin kisan kiyashi. Rahoton EHRC na Maris 2021 game da Kisan kiyashi na Axum "ya haifar da kuka tsakanin magoya bayan gwamnatin Habasha da [[Eritrea]]", a cewar ''The Guardian''. Ofishin Babban Lauyan da farko ya yi iƙirarin cewa wadanda aka kashe a Axum mayakan Tigray People's Liberation Front ne maimakon fararen hula, yayin da daga baya ya "ba da" cewa 40 daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa fararen hula ne. Daniel ya bayyana cewa "yawancin jami'ai" sun amsa da kyau ga rahoton, yayin da "wasu" suka kasance "marasa watsi sosai". Jami'an Habasha sun yi iƙirarin cewa rahotanni na EHRC game da yanayin tsare-tsare a Oromia sun kasance "sunayyaki kuma ba su da daidaituwa" a watan Mayun shekarar 2021. A watan Yunin shekarar 2021, Daniel ya bayyana hangen nesa na samun 'yancin kai na EHRC, yana mai cewa, "cibiyoyin gwamnati a Habasha suna da tarihin rashin zaman kansu ko rashin son kai, amma a gefe guda mun fara aiwatar da ƙoƙarin gina cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu kuma na yi imanin cewa hukumar kare hakkin dan adam ta Habasha tana daya daga cikinsu". A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2021, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta inganta Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Habasha daga matsayinta na baya na "B", bin ka'idodin [[Faris|Paris]] na ka'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam, zuwa matsayin "A", cikakken bin ka'idoji. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=OHCHR {{!}} GANHRI Sub-Committee on Accreditation (SCA) |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/NHRI/Pages/GANHRISSubCommitteeAccreditation.aspx |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=www.ohchr.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/NHRI/Pages/GANHRISSubCommitteeAccreditation.aspx "OHCHR | GANHRI Sub-Committee on Accreditation (SCA)"]. ''www.ohchr.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=EHRC thanks its stakeholders for their support in its success in obtaining "A" status reaccreditation |url=https://ehrc.org/ehrc-thanks-its-stakeholders-for-their-support-in-its-success-in-obtaining-a-status-reaccreditation/ |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://ehrc.org/ehrc-thanks-its-stakeholders-for-their-support-in-its-success-in-obtaining-a-status-reaccreditation/ "EHRC thanks its stakeholders for their support in its success in obtaining "A" status reaccreditation"]. ''Ethiopian Human Rights Commission - EHRC''. 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2024, Aaron Maasho da Martin Witteveen, wadanda ke da alhakin EHRC a lokacin 2020-2022, sun bayyana dangane da binciken EHRC-OHCHR Tigray cewa "babban shugabancin EHRC yana iya rage laifukan sojojin Habasha kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen ɓoye su". == Bincike == === 2020 === ==== 30 Yuni-2 Yuli 2020 Rikicin Hachalu Hundessa ==== EHRC ta buga cikakken rahotonta game da tashin hankali na Hachalu Hundessa a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2021. Ya gano cewa wani bangare na kashe-kashen ya kasance laifi ne ga bil'adama, tare da gangan, yaduwar kisan fararen hula ta kungiyoyi masu tsari a wurare 40 daban-daban a cikin kwanaki uku na 30 Yuni-2 Yuli 2020. EHRC ta ƙidaya mutuwar 123, 76 daga cikinsu sun danganta da jami'an tsaro. EHRC ta gano cewa jami'an tsaro sun sami nasarar hana hare-hare a wasu wurare, sun kasa hana su a wasu, kuma sun bayyana sun yi amfani da karfi mai yawa. EHRC ta yi kira ga binciken yanki da na tarayya, shari'a da ci gaban ma'aikata don hana sake dawowar irin waɗannan abubuwan. ==== Nuwamba: Yankin Konso ==== A lokacin 21-25 Nuwamba, EHRC ta binciki rikice-rikice a Yankin Konso wanda ya faru a lokacin 10-21 Nuwamba. Ya gano cewa mutane 66 sun mutu, 39 sun ji rauni, 100,000 sun rasa muhallinsu kuma an ƙone gidaje da sauran dukiya. Mutanen da EHRC ta yi hira da su sun ba da asusun da yawa, masu rikitarwa da ke nuna alhakin tashin hankali. EHRC ta ga abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga tashin hankali kamar yadda suka hada da buƙatun da ba a cika su ba don canje-canjen gudanarwa, rikice-rikicen kan iyaka da gasa don amfani da albarkatun kasa. EHRC ta ba da shawarwari ga hukumomi don warware rikicin. EHRC ta yi sharhi cewa sojojin Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha (ENDF) sun bar yankin a ranar 31 ga watanOktoba. ==== Nuwamba: Kisan kiyashi na Mai Kadra ==== A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2020, EHRC ta fitar da rahotonta na farko game da Kisan kiyashi na Mai Kadra wanda ya faru a lokacin Yaƙin Tigray na 2020-2021, bayan ya ziyarci Mai Kadra don tattara shaidu. Binciken farko na EHRC shine cewa matasa na Tigrayan na yankin sun kashe mutane 600 na kabilar Amhara tare da goyon bayan 'yan sanda na yankin. ==== Disamba: Kisan kiyashi na Metekel ==== EHRC ta tattara shaidu bayan kisan kiyashi na 23 ga watan disamba,shekara ta 2020 na Metekel . EHRC ta gano cewa da yawa daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sune Shinasha kuma wadanda suka tsira sun san masu aikata laifin "da suna da gani". EHRC ta bayyana kisan kiyashi a matsayin "alamu na mummunar raguwar kariya ta haƙƙin ɗan adam" kuma ta soki hukumomi don tashiwar Sojojin Tsaro na Habasha (ENDF) daga yankin kisan kiyashin a ranar da ta gabata. ===2021=== ====Disamba/Janairu: Humera, Dansha da Bissober==== Wani ma’aikacin asibiti a Humera ya shaida wa EHRC cewa mutane 92 daga cikin sojojin ENDF da TPLF da fararen hula sun mutu a yakin. Rundunar tsaron yankin tana ƙarƙashin ikon Amhara Liyu Hayl da mayaƙa. An ruwaito satar dukiyoyi da aka yi da hannun Fano, Amhara Liyu Hayl da mayaƙa, da kuma sojojin ENDF da na Eritrea (EDF). An kuma ruwaito cin zarafi ga mazauna Tigrayawa na yankin.<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober" /> A Dansha, EHRC ta kiyasta yawan fararen hula da suka mutu zuwa 25, ba tare da cikakken bayani kamar sunaye ko inda aka binne su ba. Mazauna Dansha sun ce mutuwar ta auku ne sakamakon musayar wuta. Mazaunan Tigrayawa sun bayyana cewa zaman lafiya ya fara dawowa lokacin da EHRC ta kai ziyara, amma har yanzu suna cikin tsoro sakamakon hare-hare da "ramuwar gayya kan abin da ya faru a Mai Kadra". Wasu daga cikin ayyukan yau da kullum sun fara dawo wa zuwa tsakiyar Disamba, amma ba a dawo da wutar lantarki, ruwa da makarantu ba. EHRC ta ambato sabon shugaba na Dansha: "Tigrayawa suna rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali a yankin, amma waɗanda suka ji haɗari an samar musu da sufuri zuwa inda suka zaɓa".<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober" /> A Ullaga, mambobin EHRC sun ziyarci rami-ramin da aka haƙa a cikin filin makarantar firamare tun daga watan Yuni 2020 domin shirin yaƙi da TPLF, a cewar mazauna. Mazauna sun ƙirga mutum 31 da suka mutu daga faɗa na kwanaki uku, mafi yawan mutuwar na sakamakon musayar wuta ne, wasu kuma sojoji suka kashe su da gangan, wasu kuma ba a san wanda ya kashe su ba. Mazauna Bissober sun ƙirga mutum 27 da suka mutu. EHRC ta bayyana sunayen mutane 21 daga cikin waɗanda aka kashe a Bissober da kuma huɗu daga Ullaga. EHRC ta tabbatar da rahoton mutane uku da aka kashe a Bissober da hannun ENDF bayan an zarge su da taimaka wa TPLF, da kuma rahotannin wasu da aka doka saboda zargin iri ɗaya.<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober" /> EHRC ta amince da Gwamnatin Rikon Kwarya ta Tigray cewa ana buƙatar gagarumar agajin jinƙai a yankin.<ref name="EHRC_Humera_Dansha_Bissober" /> ====Janairu: Yaƙin Tigray==== A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, EHRC ta fitar da rahoto na gajeren bayani dangane da ziyararta daga 10 zuwa 23 ga Janairu zuwa Mekelle da Alamata, Endamekoni da Kukufto a Karamar Gundumar Kudu ta Tigray, inda ta bayyana cewa ana fama da matsanancin rashin muhimman abubuwan more rayuwa, an raba Tigray zuwa yankuna da dama ƙarƙashin iko na Gwamnatin Rikon Kwarya, akwai rahotannin garkuwa da mata har 108 da aka samu a Mekelle, Adigrat, Wukro da Ayder cikin watanni biyu, babu ‘yan sanda ko cibiyoyin lafiya da za a kai waɗanda aka yi wa fyade, sannan an taƙaita bayani kan yaran da rikicin ya shafa da kuma ‘yan gudun hijira a ciki. EHRC ba ta da isasshen bayani da za ta iya tabbatar da yawan Eritreawa da aka mayar da su da ƙarfi zuwa ƙasarsu ba.<ref name="EHRC_Tigray_10Feb2021" /> A watan Fabrairun 2021, EHRC ta ce tana duba sahihancin bidiyon kisan gilla da aka yi daga 5 zuwa 6 ga Janairu 2021 a Debre Abbay, kuma za ta "binciki lamarin" idan ta tabbatar da bidiyon gaskiya ne.<ref name="Telegraph_should_have_finished_off" /> ====Maris: Kisan gilla a Aksum==== EHRC ta kai ziyara Aksum a yankin Tigray daga 27 ga watan Fabrairu zuwa 5 ga watan Maris, shekara ta2021 yayin da ake ci gaba da Yaƙin Tigray,<ref name="EHRC_Aksum_preliminary" /> bayan rahotannin farko game da kisan gilla a Aksum sun fara bayyana tun farkon watan Janairu.<ref name="EEPA_No53_12Jan2021" /> EHRC ta yi hira da "waɗanda suka tsira, iyalan waɗanda aka kashe guda 45, shaidu masu gani da ido da shugabannin addini", ta shirya taron ƙungiya da mutane 20 daga cikin mazauna, da tattaunawa da shugabannin ƙaramar hukumar kebele, da kuma ma’aikatan asibitocin Saint Mary da Aksum Referral. A cikin rahotonta na farko, EHRC ta danganta mafi yawan kisan gilla da aka yi a karshen makon 28–29 ga Nuwamba da sojojin Eritrea (EDF), kuma ta bayyana cewa ta tattara hujjojin mutuwar fiye da mutane 100. EHRC ta ce laifukan da aka aikata na iya zama laifukan yaƙi ko laifukan cin zarafin ɗan Adam.<ref name="EHRC_Aksum_preliminary" /> ====Agusta: Kisan gilla a Galikoma==== A ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, EHRC ta tura tawaga zuwa Galikoma a yankin Afar domin binciken kisan gillar da ya faru a ranar 5 ga Agusta wanda ake zargin dakarun Tigray Defense Forces ne suka aikata.<ref>Sanarwa daga Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Habasha, 10 ga Agusta 2021</ref> ==Ra'ayoyin Shawarwari== A watan Janairun shekarar 2020, EHRC ta ba da shawara ga HoPR dangane da gyaran tsarin Dokar Gudanar da Hukunce-hukuncen Laifuka da Dokar Shaida ta Habasha. Dalilan da suka sa aka shirya sake duba dokar ta shekarar 1961 sun haɗa da la'akari da tsarin tarayyar Habasha da kuma yarjejeniyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa. EHRC ta gabatar da rahoto mai shafuka 33 tare da shawarwari 30 na inganta ƙudirin, inda ta bayar da shawarar aiwatar da ƙa'idodi kamar "kulawa, bin doka, buƙata, daidaito, da rashin wariya" wajen amfani da ƙarfi daga ‘yan sanda don rage cin zarafin ‘yan sanda; rage amfani da tsarewa kafin gurfanarwa; ɗaukar alhakin kauce wa azabtarwa yayin tambayoyi; hanyoyin diyya ga tsarewar da ba bisa doka ba; kyautata zato cewa mutum bai aikata laifi ba; hanyoyin shari'a masu adalci; la'akari da buƙatun ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin haɗari a duk tsawon tsarin ‘yan sanda da na shari'a; da kuma damuwa game da tsarin shari'ar gargajiya.<ref name="AddisStand_EHRC_crimcode" /> == Mahaɗa == {{reflist}} ==Mahaɗa== * {{official website}} ** {{url|http://www.ehrc.org.et}} older (obsolete) website; archives: {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817175343/http://www.ehrc.org.et/|date=August 2012}}; {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831233352/http://www.ehrc.org.et|date=August 2017}}; {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727045550/http://www.ehrc.org.et|date=July 2018}} b3sycb0smu88whba91yn24lt94kbxum Har zuwa gafarta 0 102887 891599 886286 2026-08-05T07:08:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 19 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891599 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;" |"Ka nemi gafara" |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:ApologizeiTunesCover.PNG|frameless]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |[[Single (music)|Ɗaya daga cikin]] [[OneRepublic|Jamhuriyar Ɗaya]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |daga kundin Dreaming Out Loud''[[Dreaming Out Loud|Mafarki da Girma]]'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An sake shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |Afrilu 30, 2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An rubuta shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Music genre|Irin wannan]] | class="infobox-data category hlist" | * [[Pop rock]]<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1578">[https://www.allmusic.com/album/dreaming-out-loud-mw0000497237 "Dreaming Out Loud - OneRepublic &#x7C; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#x7C; AllMusic"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1579">''[[AllMusic]]''.</span></cite></ref> * [[Soft rock|dutse mai laushi]]<ref name="AllMusic">Kellman, Andy.&#x20;</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data plainlist" |<span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">28</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Record label|Alamar]] | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Mosley * Interscope </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Mawallafin waƙa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |Ryan Tedder |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Masu samarwa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Greg Wells * Ryan Tedder * Yankin Timbaland </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |Jerin lokaci na 'yan wasa na OneRepublic&#x20; |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | {| style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;" |- style="line-height: 1.4em;" | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;" | | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;" |"Ka gafarta" (2006) <br /> | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;" |"Stop and Stare" (2007) <br /> |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: khaki" |Samfurin sauti |- class="haudio" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em" |<div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:OneRepublic_-_Apologize.ogg|center|frameless]]</div><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * layi * taimako </div> |} ""Yi hakuri" waka ce da Ryan Tedder ya rubuta, wacce ya fara fitowa a kundi na biyu na Timbaland Shock Value (2007).  Daga nan aka sake shi a matsayin na uku na kundi (na hudu a Ostiraliya), tare da ainihin rikodin ta OneRepublic.  Haka kuma ya zama na farko na farko don kundi na farko na OneRepublic Dreaming Out Loud (2007), wanda Greg Wells ya samar.  Sigar Timbaland ta tsallake solo na guitar bayan aya ta biyu a cikin asali, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin layin kaɗa, sabbin muryoyin goyan baya, da ƙarin samfuran sauti, ban da haɗar sauti da wasu ƙananan canje-canje.  Waƙar ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo da aka buga a tarihin Mainstream Top 40 Chart a Amurka, tare da wasan kwaikwayo 10,394 a cikin mako guda, har sai da Leona Lewis ta "Bleeding Love" ta karya rikodin ta, wanda kuma Tedder ya rubuta.. Waƙar ta kasance babbar nasara a duniya, ta kai lamba ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe 16, gami da Ostiraliya, Austria, Kanada, Jamus, Italiya, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkiyya, da Netherlands, tare da kasancewa a lamba ɗaya na makonni takwas a jere a kan jadawalin <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Pop 100. Waƙar ta kai lamba ta biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, ta kasance a saman 10 na makonni 25, kuma ta kwashe makonni 13 a lamba daya a Kanada. "Gafara" sun sami band ɗin kyautar kyautar Grammy Award don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop ta Duo ko Ƙungiya tare da Vocals kuma an sanya shi lambar 50 a jerin jerin waƙoƙin Billboard Hot 100 na All-Time Top Songs daga ginshiƙi na farko na shekaru 50. Ya shafe makonni 25 a jere a saman 10, mafi tsayin daka a can don kowane waƙa ta hanyar "Sta3"  Manyan goma daga 1999 zuwa 2000. [1] Hakanan an sanya shi lamba 10 akan Waƙoƙin Goma 100 na Billboard == Bidiyo na kiɗa == An yi fim din bidiyo na hukuma da ke da alaƙa da remix a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2007, kuma an sake shi a farkon Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OneRepublic-ALBUM OUT NOW!!!! - City of Angels, California – Rock / Alternative / Pop |url=http://www.myspace.com/onerepublic |access-date=October 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Myspace]]}}</ref> An fara bidiyon ne a kan VH1's Top 20 Countdown a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2007. Robert Hales ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kuma an harbe shi a cikin ɗakin rikodin da ke nuna OneRepublic yana yin waƙar. Bidiyo ya kuma haɗa da al'amuran daga wani biki na Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u, wanda ya hada da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brian A. Pollack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2007 |title=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic – Apologize (CD) at Discogs |url=http://www.discogs.com/release/1220405 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> A cikin sigar ta uku ta bidiyon, wanda Robert Hales ya ba da umarni kuma ya haɗa da remix ɗin, an nuna Timbaland yana sake maimaita waƙar da kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=http://www.evertube.com/videos/watch/KHfyDxy8i5o/timbaland-apologize-official-music-video.html |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Evertube.com}}</ref> Wani bidiyon Turai yana nuna shirye-shiryen bidiyo na fim din ''Keinohrhasen'', tare da Til Schweiger . An kuma samar da bidiyon Jafananci na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana da nau'ikan fim iri ɗaya kamar na asali amma yana da ƙarin al'amuran daga kusurwoyi daban-daban na kyamara. Har ila yau, yana nuna hotunan mutane suna fadowa da iyo a cikin iska a hankali. Bidiyo na kiɗa a halin yanzu yana da ra'ayoyi miliyan 758.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Timbaland - Apologize ft. OneRepublic |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013123407/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |access-date=Oct 16, 2022 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyukan jadawalin == "Apologize" shi ne fashewar OneRepublic. A Amurka, "Apologize" ya kai lamba ta biyu a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni huɗu da ba a jere ba. Ya shafe makonni 11 a lamba uku da makonni 25 a cikin saman 10 kuma ya kai lamba uku na makonni 10 a kan Hot 100 Airplay. Har ila yau, ya hau kan ''Billboard'' Pop 100 kuma ya zama na uku daga Shock Value don ya hau kan ginshiƙi. Har ila yau, ya zama kundi na farko na farko a kan ''Billboard'' Adult Top 40. Har ila yau, ita ce ta biyu a jere daga Shock Value don kaiwa lamba ɗaya a rediyo na Amurka Mainstream Top 40. Ya zama waƙar goma kawai don sayar da sama da miliyan 5 a watan Mayu 2011 a Amurka. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2014, ya sayar da 5,819,000. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2009, an sanya waƙar a matsayi na goma a kan jadawalin Billboard Hot 100 Decade-End, yana mai da shi waƙar da ta fi girma kuma kawai waƙar da ke saman 10 a can ba don a saman jadawalin mako-mako na Billboard Hot 100 ba. A Burtaniya, "Apologize" ya hau zuwa lamba 32 a kan ƙarfin sauke dijital kadai, kuma ya kai lamba uku. Waƙar ta shafe makonni 28 a jere a saman 40 da makonni 13 a saman 10. Waƙar ta ƙare a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin ta goma sha shida mafi girma a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 40 Singles of the Year 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205090257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=December 30, 2007 |website=BBC Radio 1 |publisher=[[BBC Music]]}}</ref> A Ostiraliya, ɗayan ya fara ne a lamba 10 a kan ARIA Singles Chart, kuma ya kai lamba ɗaya. Ya kasance a saman makonni takwas a jere, Ruwa ARIA ta tabbatar da shi 4× Platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Singles Chart – Australian Record Industry Association |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231022347/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Ariacharts.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2007 |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2007.htm |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=ARIA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steffen Hung |title=Timbaland presents OneRepublic – Apologize |url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Timbaland+presents+OneRepublic&titel=Apologize&cat=s |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Hot 100 na Kanada da New Zealand RIANZ Chart . Ita ce mafi yawan saukewa a kowane lokaci a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. A kan jadawalin Hot 100 Singles na Turai na ''Billboard'', waƙar ta fara ne a lamba 16, yana mai da shi matsayi mafi girma na kowane sabon aiki a tarihin ginshiƙi. Daga baya ya shiga saman 10. Waƙar ta tafi zinariya a Rasha tare da 100,000 kofe sayar.<ref name="bare_url">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100728/http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=2m-online.ru}}</ref> A Jamus, an sauke waƙar sau 437,000, yana mai da ita ta uku mafi kyawun saukewa a kowane lokaci bayan [[Lady Gaga]]'s "Poker Face" da Lena Meyer-Landrut's "Satellite".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Poker Face' knackt 500.000er-Download-Marke |url=http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129073337/http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |website=Media-control.de}}</ref> == Jerin waƙoƙi == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} *'''European CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 *'''European enhanced CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 #"[[The Way I Are]]" (OneRepublic remix) — 3:31 #"Apologize" (video) {{Col-2}} *'''UK CD single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"[[Give It to Me (Timbaland song)|Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)]]" (remix featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Jay-Z]]) [radio edit] — 3:16 *'''UK 12" single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (Instrumental) — 3:04 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix featuring Justin Timberlake and Jay-Z) [explicit] — 3:20 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix instrumental) — 3:17 {{Col-end}} == Ma'aikata == * Ryan Tedder - jagora murya, murya ta baya, piano&nbsp; * Zach Filkins - jagora guitar, viola, goyon baya murya&nbsp; * Drew Brown - maɓallan, guitar, glockenspiel&nbsp; * Eddie Fisher - drum, percussion&nbsp; * Brent Kutzle - cello, bass&nbsp; == Rufin == * Mawallafin Australiya Natalie Gauci ta raira waƙar a cikin fitowar karshe na kakar wasa ta biyar ta Australian Idol a cikin 2007. * Luke Bryan ya rufe "Apologize" a kan Doin 'My Thing . <ref name="Luke Bryan Covers Apologize">{{Cite web |title=Luke Bryan's country cover of OneRepublic's 'Apologize': Hear it exclusively on EW.com! |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Music-mix.ew.com |archive-date=January 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122171830/http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kris Allen ya rufe "Apologize" a karo na takwas na American Idol . * Ƙungiyar symphonic metal ta Dutch A cikin Temptation ta rufe waƙar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatarwar rediyo na mako-mako don bikin cika shekaru 15, Elements . Waƙar kuma an nuna ta a cikin kundin murfin su The Q-Music Sessions . * Kungiyar Sweden ta All Ends ta rufe waƙar a cikin kundin su All Ends . * Ƙungiyar post-hardcore ta Kanada Silverstein ta rufe waƙar a kan kundin tarin Punk Goes Pop 2. * A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Soomo Publishing ta ɗora wani nau'i na wannan waƙa, mai taken "Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration" zuwa [[YouTube]], wanda ke da ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 14 har zuwa ranar 21 ga Fabrairun, 2025.<ref name="Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg |access-date=March 11, 2022 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa Willam ya fitar da murfin murya a cikin 2013 mai taken "RuPaulogize" inda ta tattauna abubuwan da ta samu da rashin cancanta a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta RuPaul's Drag Race . Wanda ya lashe kakar Sharon Needles ya buga RuPaul. * Mawakin kasar Kacey Musgraves da Pixie Lott sun kuma rufe "Apologize". * [[Taylor Swift]] ta rufe wannan waƙa a kan Speak Now World Tour a matsayin mashup tare da waƙoƙinta "Back to December" da "Ba You're Not Sorry". == Shafuka == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} === Weekly charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col"| Chart (2007–2008) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Australiaurban|1|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080520233743/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20080520-0000/issue948.pdf|urltitle=Issue 948|rowheader=true|access-date=March 4, 2022}} |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadaac|2|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadahotac|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|CIS|1|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- !scope="row"|Croatia Airplay ([[Top lista]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/hr/top20/maineng.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120045246/http://www.hrt.hr:80/hr/top20/strana_lista.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 20, 2007|title=Top Lista Hrvatskog Radija|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> |3 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=08|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|[[European Hot 100 Singles]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: Eurocharts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=119|issue=48|page=81|date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Finland|4|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=303692|access-date=October 16, 2018|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Germany ([[German Airplay Chart|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |title=Radio-Charts Deutschland – Chartwoche 02/2008 |work=MusicTrace |publisher=RadioCharts.com |language=de |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121190030/http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |archive-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Hungary|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=34|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarydance|29|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=10|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Timbaland featuring One Republic|song=Apologize|access-date=January 15, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|week=52|year=2007|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|2|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=December 17, 2019|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Poland ([[Polish Music Charts|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106121714/http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol|title=Nielsen Music Control|archive-date=January 6, 2008|url=http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol}}</ref> |1 |- !scope="row"|[[Portugal Digital Songs]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Portugal Digital Songs: Feb. 02, 2008|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Jan 24, 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=July 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701080135/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|Scotland|6|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=November 18, 2021|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2007|week=45|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Turkey (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com.tr/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|title=Turkish Top 20|magazine=[[Billboard Türkiye|Billboard]]|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070737/http://www.billboard.com.tr:80/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Dec 27, 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044837/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|UK|3|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|2|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|4|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|35|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|60|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2009 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2009) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|180|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 173 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 119 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2010 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2010) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|91|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Nov 11, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044854/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 89 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Nov 25, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805045045/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 91 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2011 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|182|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: May 12, 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=June 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615174027/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 83 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2012 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2012) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 121 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2013 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2013) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2014 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2014) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 27, 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=January 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126044408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 31 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2015 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2015) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 19, 2015|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044827/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 87 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2020 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2020) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 150 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2022 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2022) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2023 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2023) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 145 |- ! scope="row"| Romania Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 142 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2024 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2024) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Weekly Chart: Feb 29, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203003453/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 79 |- ! scope="row"| Moldova Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|title=Top Radio Hits Moldova Weekly Chart: Dec 5, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=December 8, 2024|archive-date=December 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210195857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 43 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2025 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2025) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 155 |- |} {{Col-2}} ===Monthly charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2007 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2007) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044829/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805230449/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044758/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2008 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2008) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044836/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044751/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026082147/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 13 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2014 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2014) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: February 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127181754/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 93 |} === Year-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2007) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2007/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2007 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2007 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090330/http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|[[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2007|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 3, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103214229/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|title=European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513023130/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|archive-date=May 13, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2022}}</ref> | 48 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2007 | publisher=Universität Würzburg | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125061939/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | archive-date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irma.ie/best2007.htm | title=2007 Year End Charts | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2007.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 43, 2007 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=October 30, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 80 |- !scope="row"|New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2007-12-31 |title=Top Selling Singles of 2007 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |access-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511184208/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=2088 |archive-date=May 11, 2015 }}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 111 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2007 |publisher=[[Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening]] |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150255/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2007 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2007 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 25, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025084037/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 140 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2007 | publisher=[[UKChartsPlus]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 16 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129032604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | title=2007 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= November 29, 2012}}</ref> | 66 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2008) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2008/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2008 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2008 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110249/http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |archive-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref> | 2 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Jaaroverzichten 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Rapports Annuels 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=fr}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2008/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2008|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|date=April 3, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> | 11 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2008: Canadian Hot 100 | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Canada AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |3 |- !scope="row"|Canada CHR/Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada CHR/Top 40 Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=35}}</ref> | 14 |- !scope="row"|Canada Hot AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada Hot AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |12 |- !scope="row"|CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2008|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120134919/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235856/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | title=2008 Year End Charts – European Hot 100 Singles | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224181046/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | title=Classement Singles – année 2008 | publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= December 24, 2013| language=fr}}</ref> | 46 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2008| publisher=Universität Würzburg| access-date=May 13, 2015| archive-date=October 19, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144133/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2008 |publisher=Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=hu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195209/http://mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 }}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |title=Classifiche ufficiali degli Album e dei DVD musicali più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati dalla rete nel 2008 |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |language=it |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125064544/http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |archive-date=25 January 2016}} ''Click on "Scarica allegato" to download the zipped file containing the year-end chart files.''</ref> | 8 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2008.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 44, 2008 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 21 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2008&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2008|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> | 41 |- !scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112021/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 7 |- !scope="row"|Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref name=PROMUSICAE>{{cite web | url=http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709223341/http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | title=Promusicae 2008 | publisher=[[PROMUSICAE]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=es | archive-date = July 9, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2008 |publisher=Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150254/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 29 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2008 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2008 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421184028/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2008.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2008 | publisher=UKChartsPlus | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 54 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006014155/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 3 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Mainstream Top 40 Songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803180821/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=August 3, 2011}}</ref> | 4 |- !scope="row"|US Rhythmic Airplay (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2010 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2010) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182552/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 153 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2011 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2011) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008012715/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 179 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2024 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2024) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Annual Chart: 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430145408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 177 |- |} === Decade-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2000s decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2000–2009) ! scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/2000sDecadeChartssingles.pdf | title=ARIA Chart Sales – ARIA End of Decade Singles/Top 100 | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 25 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/00er_single.asp | title=Bestenlisten – 00er-Single | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 30 |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Global Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=September 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911211012/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control Charts)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/show/die-ultimative-chartshow/hits-neue-jahrtausend-download.html | title=Die erfolgreichsten Hits des neuen Jahrtausends | publisher=[[RTL Television]]. [[RTL Group]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=May 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421192151/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|archive-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427100804/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 52 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite video | title=Radio 1 Official Chart of the Decade | publisher=[[BBC Radio 1]]. [[BBC]] | date=December 29, 2009 | people=[[DJ Nihal|Arthanayake, Nihal]] | medium=radio show}}</ref> | 90 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925233947/http://www1.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= September 25, 2013}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173123/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Pop Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 20s Decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2020–2025) ! scope="col"|Position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Decade Chart: 20s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208033752/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- |} ===All-time charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|magazine=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> | 64 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-pop-songs |title= GREATEST OF ALL TIME POP SONGS: Page 1 |magazine= Billboard |date= 1 August 2018 |access-date= 1 August 2018}}</ref> | 4 |} {{Col-end}} == Takaddun shaida da tallace-tallace == == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ranar fitarwa da tsarin "Gaskiya" ! scope="col" |Yankin ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Tsarin ! scope="col" |Alamar ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Amurka |Satumba 11, 2007 |Rediyo na zamani | rowspan="2" |Interscope |<ref>{{Cite web |title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more! |url=http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228114948/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |archive-date=28 December 2007 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=fmqb.com}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16, 2007 |sauke dijital |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-24 |title=Amazon.com: Apologize: MP3 Downloads: OneRepublic |url=http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174615/http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Amazon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ƙasar Ingila |29 ga Oktoba, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |Polydor |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Apologize-OneRepublic/dp/B000WS4P92 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Jamus |Nuwamba 9, 2007 |{{Hlist|CD single|[[Enhanced CD|enhanced]] CD single}} | rowspan="2" |Duniya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Timbaland-Onerepublic/dp/B000X74RL8 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Apologize-Timbaland-Feat-One-Republic/dp/B000XCVNAG |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ostiraliya |Nuwamba 19, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2008 |title=The ARIA Report |url=http://www.aria.com.au/issue924.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080222222442/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20071120-0000/issue924.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Webarchive.nla.gov.au}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == {{Div col}} * [[List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2007]] * [[List of European number-one hits of 2007]] * [[List of highest-certified singles in Australia]] * [[List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 (Canada)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Austria)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Germany)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Sweden)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Switzerland)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2008 (Italy)]] * [[List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)]] * [[List of number-one singles in Australia in 2007]] {{Div col end}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] ohbsu7dvv3ufp7hjdvfjansn8nlmu3i Eniola Olaitan Ajayi 0 105301 891376 884162 2026-08-04T14:35:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eniola Olaitan Ajayi''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1965) 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin jakadan Najeriya a Masarautar Netherlands da kuma Wakilin Dindindin na Najeriya a Kungiyar haramta Makamai Masu Magunguna (OPCW) tun daga watan Mayu shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/contact/ambassador-corner/#:~:text=Dr%20Eniola%20Olaitan%20Ajayi%20was,Anglican%20Primary%20School%2C%20Ado%20Ekiti. |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Embassy of Nigeria in Netherland |publisher=Nigeria |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529180850/https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/contact/ambassador-corner/#:~:text=Dr%20Eniola%20Olaitan%20Ajayi%20was,Anglican%20Primary%20School%2C%20Ado%20Ekiti. |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President assigns portfolios to new ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/news/president-assigns-portfolios-to-new-ambassadors/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=TheGuardian |publisher=TheGuardian}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin jakadan Najeriya a Hungary tare da takardar shaidar lokaci guda zuwa Serbia, Croatia, da Bosnia da Herzegovina daga Oktoba 2017 zuwa Afrilu shekara ta2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://nigerianembassy.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6#:~:text=Ambassador%20Ajayi%20offically%20became%20Nigeria's,Aleksandar%20Vucic. |access-date=13 January 2020 |website=Embassy of Nigeria in Budapest |publisher=Nigeria |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221053530/http://nigerianembassy.hu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6#:~:text=Ambassador%20Ajayi%20offically%20became%20Nigeria's,Aleksandar%20Vucic. |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Eniola Olaitan Ajayi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1965 a Ipoti Ekiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Science Forum Participants |url=https://worldscienceforum.org/participants/ajayi-eniola-olaitan-37463 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128033533/https://worldscienceforum.org/participants/ajayi-eniola-olaitan-37463 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=World Science Forum |publisher=World Science Forum}}</ref> Ta yi karatun sakandare a Makarantar Kristi, Ado - Ekiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Featured Story |url=https://ekitistate.gov.ng/features-christs-school-offered-us-complete-training-commissioner/ |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=Ekiti state Government Forum |publisher=Ekiti State Government}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu a matsayin Dokta na Optometry daga Jami'ar Benin. Ta ci gaba da samun Jagora na Falsafa a cikin Ilimin Ilimin Ido daga Jami'ar London tare da bincike da horo daga asibitin ido na Moorfields da asibitin St Thomas a London. Ita ce ɗalibar da ta kammala karatu mafi kyau a cikin ajiyar Dokta ta Musamman ta Optometry. Bayan kammala karatunta a shekara ta 1986, ta yi aiki tare da Sashen Ido na Asibitin Sojan Sama na Najeriya 445 a Legas a karkashin Ma'aikatar Tsaro kafin ta fara aiki mai zaman kanta a shekara ta 1997. Aikin, Enny Eye Care (Eye Clinic and Optical Services) yanzu yana da tashoshi biyu a Legas-Nijeriya, [[Ikeja]] da Ikoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Ambassador Designate |url=https://m.facebook.com/ekitilink/posts/happy-birthday-to-ambassador-designatedr-eniola-olaitan-ajayiphd-an-alumnus-of-c/1892995567586757/ |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=Ekiti Link Facebook Page Forum |publisher=Ekiti Link Forum}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ajayi ta yi aiki a karo na farko a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha a jihar Ekiti ta Najeriya inda ta aiwatar da sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a bangaren ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti State Commissioner for education, science and technology |url=https://www.facebook.com/dailytrust/posts/ekiti-state-commissioner-for-education-science-and-technology-dr-eniola-ajayi-ha/369550213126322/ |access-date=17 February 2020 |website=Daily Trust |publisher=Daily Trust}}</ref> Daga baya aka sake nada ta a matsayin Kwamishinan Muhalli tsakanin Fabrairu shekara ta 2013 da Oktoba shekara ta 2014. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe tikitin jam'iyyarta ta hanyar zaben fidda gwani na kyauta da adalci wanda ya shafi wasu maza hudu (4) da suka yi takara a Majalisar Wakilai a Gundumar Tarayya ta Tsakiya ta Ekiti 1 wanda ya hada da karamar hukumar Ado da Irepodun / Ifelodun a shekara ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eniola Olaitan Ajayi – Embassy of Nigeria, the Hague, Netherlands |url=https://hague.foreignaffairs.gov.ng/officer/hom/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327164752/https://hague.foreignaffairs.gov.ng/officer/hom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwamishinan Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha === A matsayinsa na kwamishinan ilimi a Ekiti daga Disamba shekara ta 2010 har zuwa Janairu shekara ta 2013, H.E. Dr Eniola Olaitan Ajayi ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar Gwamna [[Kayode Fayemi]] don aiwatar da ajanda na maki 8. Ta jagoranci hadewar jami'o'i uku a lokacin zuwa sabuwar Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transformation of Ekiti State University |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/transformation-ekiti-state-university/ |access-date=20 January 2021 |website=the nation |publisher=the nation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Ado Ekiti Merged |url=https://theconnection.ece.org/NewsItem/737 |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=ECE Connection |publisher=ECE Connection}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin jagorancin ta ne aka sake kafa dokar kafa Kwalejin Ilimi, Ikere Ekiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A LAW TO REVIVE AND RESTORE THE LAW ESTABLISHING THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, IKERE EKITI AND OTHER MATTERS CONNECTED THEREWITH |url=https://ekitistate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/law-4.doc |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Ekiti |publisher=Ekiti}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=e-School programme aimed at technological competence |url=https://ekitistate.gov.ng/ekiti-e-school-programme-aimed-at-technological-competence-commissioner/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Ekiti |publisher=Ekiti}}</ref> === Kwamishinan Muhalli === Ajayi ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan muhalli daga Fabrairu shekara ta 2013 har zuwa Oktoba shekara ta 2015. A karkashin wannan rawar, ta jagoranci kokarin rage sare bishiyoyi ba bisa ka'ida ba, cimma farfadowar gandun daji da inganta kudaden shiga da aka samu a ciki ta hanyar ayyukan gandun daji. Ta kuma fara kafa Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka don gudanar da gandun daji ta hanyar hada dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki a Jihar Ekiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clean Environment a Must |url=https://ekitistate.gov.ng/clean-environment-a-must-environment-commissioner/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Ekiti |publisher=Ekiti}}</ref> == Ayyukan diflomasiyya == Ajayi ta fara aikinta na diflomasiyya bayan nadin da aka yi mata da kuma aikin da aka yi wa Hungary a matsayin jakadan Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Envoy Nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/envoy-nominees-buhari-drops-oonis-brother-mamora-others/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Vanguard News |publisher=Ekiti}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Najeriya a Hungary tare da takardar shaidar lokaci guda zuwa Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia da Herzegovina, har sai da aka sake tura ta zuwa Masarautar Netherlands. <ref>{{Cite web |title=President Buhari Approves Appointment of 12 more Ambassadors |url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/07/02/buhari-approves-appointment-of-12-more-ambassadors-full-list/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=DailyPost |publisher=DailyPost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President Buhari Assigns new Portfolio to new Ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/news/president-assigns-portfolios-to-new-ambassadors/ |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Guardian |publisher=Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eniola Ajayi and Modupe Irele Soar High |url=https://punchng.com/eniola-ajayi-modupe-irele-soar-high/ |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=The Punch |publisher=The Punch}}</ref>Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Taron Kashi Kashi Kashe na Kashe (EC-99) na Kungiyar hana Makamai Masu Magunguna (OPCW), kuma ita ce Shugabar Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Asusun Kasuwanci (CFC).  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 5n24ppv0aq75ikzjl2zm84lmzkfvq26 Jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress ta Azania 0 105790 891609 667680 2026-08-05T07:23:02Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress ta Azania''', wacce sau da yawa ake takaitawa zuwa jam'iyyar Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), kungiya ce ta 'yanci ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] wacce ta zama jam'iyyar siyasa a yanzu. Kungiyar ‘yan Afirka ne, karkashin jagorancin Robert Sobukwe, wacce ta balle daga jam’iyyar ANC a shekarar 1959, yayin da PAC ta yi adawa da ka’idar ANC na cewa “kasa na duk wanda ke zaune a cikinta ne da farare da baki” sannan kuma ya ki amincewa da ra’ayin duniya masu ra’ayin wariyar launin fata, maimakon haka ya ba da shawarar Afirka ta Kudu bisa kishin kasa na Afirka.<ref>"Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) (South African organization)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014</ref><ref>Why the PAC wants South Africa renamed Azania</ref> == Tarihi == An ƙaddamar da PAC bisa ƙa'ida a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1959 a Dandalin Sadarwar Orlando a Soweto. Mambobin African National Congress (ANC) da dama sun balle saboda sun ki amincewa da sauya shirin 1949 na Action tare da Yarjejeniya Ta 'Yanci da aka amince da ita a 1955, wanda ya yi amfani da yare masu ra'ayin wariyar launin fata sabanin ikirari na Afirka. PAC a lokacin ta dauki Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin kasa ta Afirka ta hanyar "haƙƙin da ba za a iya tauyewa na al'ummar Afirka ba" kuma ta ƙi tallafawa daidaitattun haƙƙin wanda ake zalunta da azzalumai, masu cin zarafi da cin zarafi, masu korar ƙasa da ƴan Afirka - "waɗanda aka kora." Sun dage cewa manufar PAC mai tarihi na mutanen Azaniya ita ce "cikakkiyar 'yanci, 'yanci da 'yancin kai na Afirka." Wannan ya haifar da 'yancin kai na siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da soja. An zabi Robert Sobukwe a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko, da Potlako Leballo a matsayin Sakatare Janar.<ref>Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania | South African organization". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 June 2020.</ref><ref>Pan Africanist Congress Of Azania (PAC) – The O'Malley Archives". omalley.nelsonmandela.org. Retrieved 15 June 2020. They feared that the liberation struggle would be taken over by white and Indian communists and rejected the aspects of the Freedom Charter* that protected minority interests rather than those of Africans throughout the continent</ref> A ranar 21 ga Maris, 1960, PAC ta shirya yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙetare dokokin. Jama'a sun taru a garuruwan Sharpeville da Langa inda aka kama Sobukwe da wasu manyan shugabanni kuma daga baya aka yanke musu hukunci bisa laifin tunzura su. An yankewa Sobukwe hukuncin daurin shekaru uku da kuma Potlako Leballo shekaru biyu a gidan yari. Sobukwe ya mutu a Kimberley, lardin Cape, 1978 saboda ciwon daji na huhu. Nan da nan bayan kisan kiyashin Sharpeville, Gwamnatin Jam'iyyar National Party ta haramtawa ANC da PAC a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1960. PAC ta mayar da martani ta hanyar kafa reshenta dauke da makamai, Azaniya People's Liberation Army. == Akida == PAC ta bi ra’ayin cewa al’ummar Afirka ne suka kafa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu saboda mubaya’arsu ga Afirka kawai, kamar yadda Sobukwe ya bayyana a jawabin farko na PAC: "A siyasance, muna nufin gwamnatin Afirka ta Afirka ta Afirka, ga 'yan Afirka, tare da duk wanda ke bin Afirka bashinsa kawai kuma wanda ke shirye ya amince da mulkin dimokuradiyya na yawancin Afirka ana daukarsa a matsayin dan Afirka." Pan-Africanism ne tare da ka'idoji uku na kishin ƙasa na Afirka, zamantakewa, da haɗin kan nahiyar. Ra'ayoyinta sun samo asali ne daga koyarwar Anton Lembede, George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, Martin Delany, [[Kwame Nkrumah]], da W. E. B. Du Bois. PAC da farko ta ba da shawarar wani nau'i na "Dimokradiyyar Socialist Socialist", bisa tushen Afirka da Baƙar fata, tare da manufar ƙirƙirar Afirka ta Kudu (wanda za su sake suna Azania) ga Baƙar fata Afirka ta Kudu, don ware wasu ƙasashe ko ƙabilanci. Ba kamar ra’ayin Majalisar Wakilai ta Afirka game da gurguzu ba, an bayyana PAC cewa ta yi watsi da ra’ayin zalunci, maimakon haka ta mai da hankali ne kawai kan ‘yantar da kasa. Duk da haka, bayaninsu na farko ya lissafta "ajin masu aiki baƙar fata" a matsayin "ƙarfin tuƙi a cikin gwagwarmaya" da 'yan jari-hujja masu farar fata da "masu ra'ayi" masu matsakaicin matsayi. Wadannan abubuwa masu ra'ayin gurguzu an lalata su da karfi tun a shekarun 1990, maimakon haka sun dauki wani matsayi na "masu ra'ayin mazan jiya" wanda ke neman kada ya takura karfin kasuwa da kuma kudurin kin aiwatar da tsarin gurguzu "don sonsa". Majalisar Matasa ta Pan Africanist Congress na Azania ta bayyana sabon shirin a matsayin "aikin wani abu wanda ke kan albashin CIA". Duk da haka, ya zuwa Afrilu 1992, shugabancin jam'iyyar PAC a cikin Majalisar Annual Congress ya daina nuna adawa da shiga cikin shawarwarin kabilanci don kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata.<ref>"Pan Africanist Congress timeline 1959–2011". South African History Online. Retrieved 30 April 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi]] 37idcbegsd43aaegty1vcsaixxd958o Fecko 0 106032 891403 662516 2026-08-04T17:29:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox musical artist|image=Portrait of Ifeanyi Ibegbunam otherwise known as Fecko.jpg|caption=|Birth_name=Ifeanyi Chukwuebuka Ibegbunam|Alias=Fecko the Emcee|birth_place=[[Anambra]], Nigeria {{Infobox person | child = yes | alma_mater = [[Birmingham City University]] }}|Genre=[[Hip Hop]], [[Afrobeats]]|Occupation=[[Musician]]|Years_active=2006-present}} '''Ifeanyi Chukwuebuka Ibegbunam''' wanda aka fi sani da Fecko (a lokutan baya Fecko the Emcee), Mawaƙin hip hop ne a [[Nijeriya]]. A ranar 13 ga watan Satumba 2023, mujallar Afirka ta Kudu, mujallar ''The Hype'' ta bayyana Fecko a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mawakan rap guda biyar (5) na Afirka da ya kamata a sani a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lesiba |date=2023-09-13 |title=5 African Rappers You Should Check Out |url=https://hypemagazine.co.za/2023/09/13/5-african-rappers-you-should-check-out/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=[[Hype (magazine)|Hype]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife shi a Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] kuma ya girma a unguwannin wajen garin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gachanja |first=Nelly |date=2021-02-05 |title=Interview With Nigerian Emcee Fecko Winner Of The Mic Africa Music Competition - Africa.com |url=https://www.africa.com/interview-with-nigerian-emcee-fecko-winner-of-the-mic-africa-music-competition/ |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=www.africa.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Fecko ya kammala karatun sa a fannin [[Kimiyyar muhalli|Ilimin Halitta na Muhalli]] daga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba (Yaba College of Education) kuma tsohon ɗalibin Jami'ar Birmingham City ne a Ingila (United Kingdom) inda ya sami digiri na biyu (MA) a cikin Gudanar da zane(Design management).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Fecko |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/fecko |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bridging Innovation and Industry: Empowering MA Design Management Students as Future Water Sector Leaders |url=https://www.bcu.ac.uk/blog/architecture/bridging-innovation-and-industry-empowering-ma-design-management-students-as-future-water-sector-leaders |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[Birmingham City University]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sana'a == Fecko ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a cikin shekara ta 2006 lokacin da ya rubuta kundi na farko wanda ba a fitar da shi a hukumance a dandamali masu gudana ba. Ya yi aiki tare da M.I Abaga, The Lady Of Rage, Doug E Fresh, Mode 9, da Khaligraph Jones. Wasannin shi mai tsawo, "Afrobeat, Rhythm and Truth" an yi amfani da shi a kan shirin Afrocity, wani takaitaccen jerin shirin yanar gizo na [[Ndani TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=2021-05-31 |title=Fecko features MI Abaga, Doug E Fresh and Lady Of Rage on new single, 'Moment Of Victory' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fecko-features-mi-abaga-doug-e-fresh-and-lady-of-rage-on-new-single-moment-of-victory/wxt9sk3 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217085415/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fecko-features-mi-abaga-doug-e-fresh-and-lady-of-rage-on-new-single-moment-of-victory/wxt9sk3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fecko shine mai karɓar bakuncin Eko wanda ya tsira, shine podcast wanda ya bayyana a Legas ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagosians]] da ke zaune a cikin birnin da kuma kasar waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surviving Eko with Fecko • A podcast on Spotify for Podcasters |url=https://anchor.fm/survivingeko |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Spotify for Podcasters |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Fecko_performance_picture.jpg|thumb|Fecko yana aikin Yakin Shekara ta 2015]] === A matsayin mai waƙa === {| class="wikitable" !Taken !Shekara !Album |- |"Trappin" {{Small|(Fimzy featuring Fecko, [[Blaqbonez]])}} |2019 |Waƙoƙin da ba na kundi ba |- |"Bipolar" {{Small|(Neky featuring Fecko)}} | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Nghota'' |- |"Ku zo hanyar da nake da ita" {{Small|(DJ Equaliza featuring Fecko)}} | rowspan="2" |Waƙoƙin da ba na kundi ba |- |"Ku Yi Ni Da Ƙarya" {{Small|(RXTHERAPPER featuring Fecko)}} | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] csqwx07433kudrxq2yuxbc06s2hn20w Gasarch, William 0 106215 891518 663619 2026-08-04T21:58:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891518 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''William Ian gə-SARSH''' (/ɡəˈsɑːrʃ/-SARSH; <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2017 |title=Rectangle Free Colorings – William Gasarch |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXJ6fYF9em8 |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> an haife shi a shekara ta 1959 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Still Typecasting from Dagstuhl |url=https://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2018/09/still-typecasting-from-dagstuhl.html |access-date=27 September 2018 |website=Computational Complexity Weblog |publisher=Lance Fortnow and William Gasarch}}</ref>) Masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne Ba'amurke wanda aka sani da aikinsa a ka'idar hadaddun lissafi, ka'idar lissafi, ka'idar koyan kwamfuta, da ka'idar Ramsey.  A halin yanzu shi malami ne a Sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Maryland tare da alƙawarin haɗin gwiwa a cikin Lissafi.. Gasarch mai ba da shawara ne akai-akai na ayyukan bincike na ɗaliban makarantar sakandare; ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, tare da Jacob Lurie, ya lashe 1996 Westinghouse Science Talent Search for Lurie . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Conway |first=John H. |last2=Jackson |first2=Allyn |date=July 1996 |title=Budding Mathematician Wins Westinghouse Competition |url=https://www.ams.org/notices/199607/comm-conway.pdf |access-date=2016-09-26 |publisher=Notices of the American Mathematical Society}}</ref> Ya yi rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo tare da Lance Fortnow tun 2007. Ya kasance editan bita na ACM SIGACT NEWS daga 1997 zuwa 2015. == Ilimi == Gasarch ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Harvard a shekarar 1985, wanda Harry R. Lewis ya ba shi shawara.  Kundin karatunsa an yi masa lakabi da Recursion-Theoretic Techniques in Complexity Theory and Combinatorics.[1]  An dauke shi aiki a matsayin farfesa a jami'ar Maryland a cikin Fall of 1985. An kara masa girma zuwa abokin farfesa tare da aiki a 1991, kuma zuwa cikakken farfesa a 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gasarch |first=William |date=March 16, 2023 |title=Curriculum vitae |url=https://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/billcv.pdf |access-date=2024-02-14 |publisher=U. Maryland Computer Science |archive-date=2024-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215022718/https://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/billcv.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gasarch ya kafa (tare da Richard Beigel) filin Bounded Queries in Recursion Theory kuma ya rubuta takardu da yawa a yankin da wani littafi ya rufe shi a kan batun da aka rubuta tare da Georgia Martin, mai taken Bounded queries in Recoursion Theory . Ya wallafa littattafai irin su Matsala tare da Ma'ana, littafi mai cikakken ra'ayi game da lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta wanda ya hada da Clyde Kruskal kuma ya hada da ayyukan wasu furofesoshi kamar David Eppstein. Ya kuma kafa wani bangare na sake dawowa-ka'idar da ake kira Learning via Queries tare da Carl Smith . Kwanan nan ya fi shiga cikin combinatorics, musamman Ramsey Theory . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gasarch |first=William |last2=Haeupler |first2=Bernhard |year=2011 |title=Lower Bounds on the van der Waerden Numbers: Randomized- and Deterministic-Constructive |journal=Electronic Journal of Combinatorics |volume=18 |issue=64 |arxiv=1005.3749 |doi=10.37236/551 |s2cid=534179}}</ref> Ya rubuta bincike uku game da abin da masu tunani ke tunani game da matsalar P da NP: a cikin 2002, 2012, da 2019. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hemaspaandra |first=Lane A. |date=2002-06-01 |title=SIGACT news complexity theory column 36 |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/564585.564599 |journal=ACM SIGACT News |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=34–47 |doi=10.1145/564585.564599 |issn=0163-5700 |s2cid=36828694}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hemaspaandra |first=Lane A. |date=2012-06-11 |title=SIGACT news complexity theory column 74 |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/2261417.2261433 |journal=ACM SIGACT News |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=51–52 |doi=10.1145/2261417.2261433 |issn=0163-5700 |s2cid=52847337}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gasarch |first=William I. |date=2019-03-13 |title=Guest Column: The Third P=?NP Poll |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3319627.3319636 |journal=ACM SIGACT News |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=38–59 |doi=10.1145/3319627.3319636 |issn=0163-5700 |s2cid=83458626}}</ref> A cikin 2020 ya rubuta Mathematical Muffin Morsels: Babu wanda ke son karamin yanki tare da Erik Metz, Jacob Prinz, da Daniel Smolyak . Lance Fortnow ya fara rubuta shafin yanar gizo kan kimiyyar kwamfuta ta ka'idoji tare da jaddada ka'idar rikitarwa a shekara ta 2002. Gasarch ya kasance mai baƙon yanar gizo har zuwa 2007 lokacin da ya zama mai ba da yanar gizo. {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.cs.umd.edu/~gasarch/ Shafin Gasarch] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7hq31d4yddkgtmdzpob1s0zf3y6uyip Tarihin Carthage 0 106590 891590 666280 2026-08-05T07:02:21Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:MYTHICAL_CARTHAGE.jpg|thumb|Gidan binciken kayan tarihi na Carthage]] [[Fayil:Turner_Dido_Building_Carthage.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Littafin J. M. W. Turner mai suna The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire (1815) ]] An kafa birnin Carthage a karni na 9 BC a bakin tekun Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, a cikin abin da ke yanzu [[Tunis|Tunusiya]], a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka da yawa na Phoenician a yammacin [[Bahar Rum]] da aka kirkira don sauƙaƙe kasuwanci daga birnin Taya a bakin tekon abin da ke cikin yanzu [[Lebanon]]. Sunan duka birnin da kuma jamhuriya mai faɗi wanda ya girma daga ciki, Carthage ya zama babbar daular kasuwanci a duk faɗin [[Bahar Rum]]. Ranar da za a iya ƙidaya Carthage a matsayin iko mai zaman kanta ba za a iya tantancewa ba, kuma mai yiwuwa babu wani abu da ya bambanta Carthage daga sauran yankunan Phoenician a Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka da Bahar Rum a lokacin 800-700 BC. A ƙarshen karni na 7 BC, Carthage ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin Yammacin Bahar Rum. Bayan dogon rikici tare da Jamhuriyar Roma mai tasowa, wanda aka sani da Punic Wars (264-146 BC), Roma a ƙarshe ta lalata Carthage a cikin 146 BC. An kafa Romawa Carthage a kan rushewar na farko. Roman Carthage daga ƙarshe an rushe shi - ganuwarsa ta rushe, an yanke ruwansa, kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta zama marasa amfani - bayan mamayar Larabawa a ƙarshen karni na 7. Tunis ta maye gurbin ta a matsayin babbar cibiyar yanki, wacce ta bazu don hada da tsohuwar shafin Carthage a cikin unguwar zamani. == Farawa == [[Fayil:Prêtre_Carthage_Louvre_détail.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Sarcophagus na firist, yana nuna mutumin da ke da gemu tare da hannunsa da aka ɗaga; karni na 4 BC zane-zane na jana'izar Carthaginian yanzu yana cikin Louvre, Paris]] Carthage na ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyuka da yawa na [[Phoenicia]] a yammacin Bahar Rum waɗanda aka kirkira don sauƙaƙe kasuwanci daga biranen Sidon, Taya da sauransu daga Phoenicia, wanda ke kan iyakar abin da ke yanzu Lebanon. A cikin karni na 10 KZ, yawancin mutanen Semitic sun zauna a gabashin gabar Bahar Rum, waɗanda suka gina wayewar da ke tasowa. Mutanen da ke zaune a yanzu Lebanon Helenawa sun kira su Phoenicians. Biranen Phoenician sun dogara sosai da cinikayya ta ƙasa da ta teku kuma biranen su sun haɗa da manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa a yankin. Don samar da wurin hutawa ga jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci, don kula da ikon mallakar Phoenician a kan albarkatun halitta na yanki, ko kuma gudanar da kasuwanci da kansa, Phoenicians sun kafa biranen mulkin mallaka da yawa a bakin tekun Bahar Rum, daga Iberia zuwa Bahar Maliya. An motsa su su sami biranen su ta hanyar buƙatar sake farfado da kasuwanci don biyan harajin da aka cire daga Taya, Sidon, da Byblos ta hanyar maye gurbin daular da suka mallake su kuma daga baya ta hanyar tsoron cikakken mulkin mallaka na Girka na wannan ɓangaren Bahar Rum wanda ya dace da kasuwanci. Mulkin mallaka na farko na Phoenician ya faru ne a lokacin da wasu masarautun makwabta (Hellenic / Girkanci da Hattian / Hittite) ke fama da "Dark Age", watakila bayan ayyukan Mutanen Tekun. Birnin Carthage da farko ya rufe yankin da ke kusa da wani tudun da ake kira Byrsa, ya biya haraji na shekara-shekara ga kabilun Libya da ke kusa, kuma mai yiwuwa gwamna daga Taya ne ya mallake shi, wanda Helenawa suka bayyana a matsayin "sarki". Utica, a lokacin babbar birni ta Phoenician a Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka, ta taimaka wa sasantawa da farko a cikin ma'amaloli.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica Online SorenKhader 1991, p. 90. Hogan, C. Michael (2 November 2007). "Mogador". The Megalithic Portal. Retrieved 7 June 2011. Gilbert and Colette Picard, ''Vie et Mort de Carthage'' (Paris: Hachette 1968), translated as ''The Life and Death of Carthage'' (New York: Taplinger 1969), at 30. Picard, ''Life and Death of Carthage'' (1968, 1969) at 28–35 – Picard specifically favors 750-25 BC, closer to Apion than Timaeus. Philip K. Hitti, ''History of Syria. Including Lebanon and Palestine'' (New York: Macmillan 1951) at 102 n.4. ''I Kings'' 10:22.</ref> Babban birnin Phoenicians shine Taya, wanda ya kafa wasu wuraren kasuwanci a kusa da Bahar Rum. Daga ƙarshe Phoenicians sun kafa yankuna 300 a [[Tunisiya]], [[Moroko|Morocco]], [[Aljeriya]], Iberia, kuma zuwa ƙarami, a bakin tekun [[Libya]]. Mutanen Finikiya ba su da yawan jama'a ko wajibi don kafa biranen da ke da zaman kansu a kasashen waje, kuma yawancin biranen suna da ƙasa da mazauna 1,000, amma Carthage da wasu biranen daga baya sun zama manyan birane masu zaman kansu, masu zaman kansu. Phoenicians sun mallaki [[Cyprus]], [[Sardiniya|Sardinia]], Corsica, [[Malta]] da Tsibirin Balearic, tare da samun ƙananan dukiya a tsibirin Crete da [[Sisiliya|Sicily]]; ƙauyuka na ƙarshe suna cikin rikici tare da Helenawa. Finikiyawa sun sami nasarar sarrafa Sicily na ɗan lokaci, amma ikon Finikiyawa bai kai ga cikin ƙasa ba kuma an iyakance shi ne kawai ga bakin teku. An yi yankuna na farko a kan hanyoyi biyu zuwa arzikin ma'adinai na Iberia - tare da gabar Afirka da kuma ta hanyar Sicily, Sardinia da [[Balearic Islands|Tsibirin Balearic]]. Cibiyar duniyar Phoenician ita ce Taya, tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar tattalin arziki da siyasa. Ikon wannan birni ya ragu bayan da aka kewaye shi da yawa da kuma lalacewar da Alexander the Great ya yi, kuma rawar da ya taka a matsayin jagora ya wuce zuwa [[Sidon]], kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Carthage. Kowace mallaka ta ba da haraji ga ko dai Taya ko Sidon, amma babu wata uwa da ke da iko da mallaka. Wannan ya canza tare da tasowa na Carthage tun lokacin da Carthaginians suka nada nasu majistare don mulkin garuruwan kuma Carthage ta riƙe iko kai tsaye a kan yankuna. Wannan manufofin ya haifar da garuruwan Iberian da yawa da ke tare da Romawa a lokacin Punic Wars . Tsohon tushe sun yarda cewa Carthage ya zama watakila birni mafi arziki a duniya ta hanyar kasuwanci da kasuwanci, duk da haka kaɗan ne suka rage daga dukiyarta. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mafi yawansu kayan aiki ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci - masana'antu, ƙarfe mara aiki, abinci, da [[Bauta|bayi]]; cinikinsa a cikin kayan da aka ƙirƙira wani ɓangare ne kawai na kayansa. Babu shakka cewa cinikayya mafi yawan amfani ita ce wadda aka samu daga Finikiyawa a yammacin Bahar Rum, inda aka samu tin, azurfa, zinariya, da baƙin ƙarfe don musayar kayan masarufi. Kamar magabata na Phoenician Carthaginians sun samar da kuma fitar da launi mai daraja na Tyrian purple wanda aka cire daga kifi. Masarautar Phoenician ta Mogador a arewa maso yammacin gabar Afirka cibiyar samar da dye ce ta Taya. == Dido da tushe na Carthage == [[Fayil:Énée_et_Didon,_Guérin.jpg|left|thumb|Aeneas ya gaya wa Dido game da faduwar Troy. (Guérin 1815) <br />]] Carthage ta kafa ta Phoenicians da suka zo daga Levant. Sunan birnin a cikin Harshen Phoenician yana nufin "[[Sabon Birni]]". Akwai wata al'ada a wasu tsoffin tushe, kamar Philistos na Syracuse, don kwanan wata "farko" na tushe a kusa da 1215 BC - wato kafin faduwar Troy a 1180 BC; duk da haka, Timaeus na Taormina, masanin tarihin Girka daga Sicily c. 300 BC, ya ba da ranar tushe na Carthage a matsayin shekaru talatin da takwas kafin Olympiad na farko; wannan "ƙarshen" kwanan wata na 814 BC shine wanda masana tarihi na zamani suka yarda da shi. Saboda haka, Utica ta riga ta wuce Carthage. Sunan Utica ya samo asali ne daga asalin Punic '''dtāq'', ma'ana "tsofaffi", wanda ke ba da goyon baya ga wannan jerin lokuta, don Carthage yana nuna "sabuwar birni" (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama). Jirgin ruwa na Sarki Hiram na Taya, kamar yadda aka ba da labarin a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, watakila an haɗa su a wasu lokuta da jiragen ruwa da aka ba Sulemanu, za su kasance daga karni na 10. "Gama sarki yana da jiragen ruwa na Tarshish a teku tare da jiragen ruwa ta Hiram. " Birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na Punic na Utica da farko yana a bakin Wadi Majardah (River Medjerda), a wani batu a bakin tekun kimanin kilomita 30 a arewacin Carthage. "An ambaci Utica ban da Carthage a cikin yarjejeniya ta biyu tare da Roma (348), kuma... ya sake bayyana a matsayin daidai da Carthages a cikin yarjejeniyar tsakanin [[Hannibal]] da Philip na Makidoniya (215). Ba ta bayyana a cikin yarjejeniyaa ta farko da Roma (508), wanda watakila yana nufin tana da cikakken 'yanci kuma ba a ɗaure ta cikin Carthage-Roma ba. " Tabbas, a ƙarshe Carthage ta wuce Utica. == Farawar mulkin mallaka na Carthage == [[Fayil:Representació_guarnida_de_la_deessa_Tànit.JPG|thumb|Hoton da aka yi wa ado na allahiyar Punic Tanit, ƙarni na 5th-3rd BC, daga necropolis na [[:fr:Nécropole punique de Puig des Molins|Puig des Molins]], Ibiza (Spain), yanzu yana cikin Gidan Tarihi na Catalonia (Barcelona) ]] Mutanen Girka sun fara kokarin mulkin mallaka a yammacin Bahar Rum tare da kafa Naxos da Cumae a Sicily da Italiya bi da bi, kuma a shekara ta 650 BC Phoenicians a Sicily sun koma yammacin wannan tsibirin. A wannan lokacin ne Carthage ta fara yin rikodin aikin kai tsaye, wanda shine mulkin mallaka na Ibiza. A ƙarshen karni na 7 BC, Carthage ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci na yankin Yammacin Bahar Rum, matsayin da ya riƙe har sai Jamhuriyar Roma ta hambarar da shi. Carthage za ta kafa sabbin yankuna, ta sake gina tsoffin mutanen Phoenician, ta zo don kare wasu biranen Punic a karkashin barazanar daga 'yan asalin / Helenawa, da kuma fadada yankunanta ta hanyar cin nasara. Yayinda wasu yankuna na Phoenician suka miƙa wuya ga Carthage, suna biyan haraji da kuma barin Manufofin kasashen waje, wasu a Iberia da Sardinia sun yi tsayayya da kokarin Carthaginian. == Manazarta == 8a2co8qlnda43rocs5i4fnga4hq5hdl Gudanar da bakin teku na ruwa 0 107602 891560 687784 2026-08-05T03:31:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gudanar da Shoreline na Ruwa''' ya haɗa da kimantawa da kare tabkuna, [[Kotunallam|koguna]], da sauran bakin teku na [[Ruwa ɗaya (gidan kula da ruwa)|Ruwa]] mai laushi daga ci gaba mai yawa ko wasu rikice-rikicen ɗan adam. Gudanar da bakin teku ya haɗa da saka idanu na dogon lokaci na ayyukan sake farfado da bakin teku.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Neumann |first=Alex |last2=Kim |first2=Dong-Kyun |last3=Perhar |first3=Gurbir |last4=Arhonditisis |first4=George B. |date=2016 |title=Integrative analysis of the Lake Simcoe watershed (Ontario, Canada) as a socio-ecological system. |url=https://utsc.utoronto.ca/~georgea/resources/120.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=188 |pages=308–321 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.073 |pmid=28002784}}</ref> Gudanar da bakin tekun ruwa mai laushi ana gudanar da shi akai-akai ta hanyar hukumomin kiyayewa na gida ta hanyar shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwar jihar, lardin, da na tarayya. An yi amfani da waɗannan shirye-shiryen a matsayin hanyar bin diddigin canjin bakin teku a tsawon lokaci, ƙayyade wuraren damuwa, da kuma ilimantar da masu mallakar bakin teku. == Tarihi == Manufar Freshwater Shoreline Management ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayoyin da aka haɓaka don Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), wanda ya fito ne daga Taron [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na 1992 kan Muhalli da Ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=Patrick L. |date=2008-09-30 |title=Ontario-great lakes shoreline management: An update |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08920759809362346 |journal=Coastal Management |language=en |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=93–104 |doi=10.1080/08920759809362346 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A Kanada, an kammala shirin gudanar da Yankin bakin teku a shekarar 1996 ta amfani da tsarin ICZM. Shirye-shiryen gudanar da ruwa mai laushi sun yi amfani da shirin gudanar da yankin bakin teku don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen kula da ruwa mai kyau don magance damuwa mai girma ga muhalli wanda aka watsa tun daga shekarun 1960 a cikin al'ummar Kanada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Vaughan |first=Hague |last2=Brydges |first2=Tom |last3=Fenech |first3=Adam |last4=Lumb |first4=Ashok |date=2001 |title=Monitoring long-term ecological changes through the ecological monitoring and assessment network: Science-based and policy relevant |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006423432114 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |volume=67 |issue=1–2 |pages=3–28 |bibcode=2001EMnAs..67....3V |doi=10.1023/A:1006423432114 |pmid=11339704 |s2cid=37144238 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tasirin Anthropogenic a kan ruwa yana ƙaruwa a duniya a cikin shekarun 1900, tare da ɗora kayan abinci na phosphorus, nitrogen, da sulfur wanda ke haifar da eutrophication da acid na jikin ruwa.<ref name=":0"/> Wadannan tasirin sun samo asali ne daga ci gaban ɗan adam na bakin teku, runoff na aikin gona na sunadarai da taki, datti na mutum, da datti / sharar gida. <ref name=":4"/> Don sarrafa waɗannan tasirin, ƙungiyoyin gida da na yanki sun fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen sa ido kan ruwa don gano canje-canjen muhalli na dogon lokaci da kuma tabbatar da abubuwan da suka haifar da su.<ref name=":0" /> == Amfani da shi == Tasirin Anthropogenic a kan tabkuna, kamar amfani da ruwa mai laushi, ci gaban bakin teku, amfani da nishaɗi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lewin |first=W.-C. |last2=Mehner |first2=T. |last3=Ritterbusch |first3=D. |last4=Brämick |first4=U. |date=2014-02-01 |title=The influence of anthropogenic shoreline changes on the littoral abundance of fish species in German lowland lakes varying in depth as determined by boosted regression trees |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1746-8 |journal=Hydrobiologia |language=en |volume=724 |issue=1 |pages=293–306 |bibcode=2014HyBio.724..293L |doi=10.1007/s10750-013-1746-8 |issn=1573-5117 |s2cid=14990453 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> noma, <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Søndergaard |first=Martin |last2=Jeppesen |first2=Erik |date=2007 |title=Anthropogenic impacts on lake and stream ecosystems, and approaches to restoration |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1089–1094 |bibcode=2007JApEc..44.1089S |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01426.x |issn=1365-2664 |doi-access=free}}</ref> da riƙe ganuwar, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brauns |first=Mario |last2=Garcia |first2=Xavier-François |last3=Walz |first3=Norbert |last4=Pusch |first4=Martin T. |date=2007 |title=Effects of human shoreline development on littoral macroinvertebrates in lowland lakes |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1138–1144 |bibcode=2007JApEc..44.1138B |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01376.x |issn=1365-2664 |s2cid=83283174 |doi-access=free}}</ref> na iya yin mummunar tasiri ga kwayoyin ruwa da na ƙasa waɗanda suka dogara da bakin tekun don zama. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duru |first=Umit |date=2017-07-07 |title=Shoreline change assessment using multi-temporal satellite images: a case study of Lake Sapanca, NW Turkey |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6112-2 |journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |language=en |volume=189 |issue=8 |pages=385 |bibcode=2017EMnAs.189..385D |doi=10.1007/s10661-017-6112-2 |issn=1573-2959 |pmid=28688069 |s2cid=41853959 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Sakamakon ɗan adam na iya haifar da eutrophication da acidisation na tabkuna, wanda ke tasiri ga kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwa da kansa kuma yana iya haifar da lahani ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Yana iya samun ƙarin sakamako na rage darajar dukiya da yawon bude ido a cikin al'ummomin tafkin saboda wasu rairayin bakin teku ba su da aminci don yin iyo saboda gurbatawa.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Falconer |first=Ian R. |date=1999 |title=An Overview of problems caused by toxic blue–green algae (cyanobacteria) in drinking and recreational water |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291522-7278%28199902%2914%3A1%3C5%3A%3AAID-TOX3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-0 |journal=Environmental Toxicology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=5–12 |bibcode=1999EnTox..14....5F |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1522-7278(199902)14:1<5::AID-TOX3>3.0.CO;2-0 |issn=1522-7278 |s2cid=84336011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tunda ana iya canza shi don ya dace da bukatun ruwa kuma a yi amfani da shi ga amfani da ƙasa na yanzu a kusa, kula da bakin teku na ruwa mai laushi yana da amfani ga sa ido na al'umma. ''Shirin Gudanar da Tekun Ontario'' misali ne na yadda al'ummomi zasu iya amfani da kula da tekun ruwa mai laushi. Shirye-shiryen irin wannan sun samo asali ne daga hukumomin kiyayewa da 'yan ƙasa tare da gwamnatocin yanki da larduna don yin taswirar bakin teku da kimantawa, shawarwari / ilimi na jama'a, da aiwatar da sa ido na dogon lokaci na ruwa da bakin teku.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rau |first=Monika |date=2015 |title=Muskoka's Changing Shorelines: the Need for Long-term Monitoring of Shoreline Development |url=http://www.waynecaldwell.ca/Students/MRPs/Monika%20Rau/RauM_MRP.pdf}}</ref> Majalisar Ruwa ta Muskoka ta kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje ta bakin teku ta amfani da Shirin Love Your Lakes don bincika bakin tekun Lake Bella a cikin Gundumar Muskoka. Ya nuna cewa bakin teku na halitta ya ragu daga 96% a 2002 zuwa 80% a 2007, yana tasiri ga [[ingancin ruwa]] gaba ɗaya yayin da yake ba da damar ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki, yana tasiri mara kyau ga bambancin halittu yayin da yake rage mazaunin kifi, kwari, da tsuntsaye.<ref name=":1"/> Wannan shirin ya kara ilimi na gida game da lafiyar tafkin da kuma kula da sake farfado da bakin teku.<ref name=":1" /> === Tasirin Canjin Yanayi === An gano [[Canjin yanayi]] ya shafi al'ummomin bakin teku. Tasiri irin su karuwar dumama na ruwa, karuwar guguwa, hanzarta narkewar kankara ta shekara-shekara da iyakantaccen adadin kankara na hunturu, da karuwar tsawo a lokacin guguwa، wanda ke kara yiwuwar [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]], duk an gano su da yiwuwar shafar bakin tekun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuzek |first=Peter |date=2020 |title=Lake Ontario Shoreline Management Plan |url=https://www.grca.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/LOSMP-Draft-Final-2020.06.10.pdf |access-date=2025-07-25 |archive-date=2021-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411151559/https://www.grca.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/LOSMP-Draft-Final-2020.06.10.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gano kula da bakin teku a matsayin hanyar da za a rage tasirin canjin yanayi kamar [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] da jigilar abinci mai gina jiki daga guguwa mai yawa da mafi girma. Wannan na iya faruwa yayin da bakin teku suka zama na halitta, wanda zai iya kara tacewa da rage laka da kuma runoff mai gina jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borre |first=Lisa |last2=Smyth |first2=Robyn L. |last3=Howe |first3=Eric A. |date=2016 |title=At the Forefront of Shoreline Management |url=https://threelakescouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Borre-et-al.-NALMS-LakeLine-Aug-2016.pdf}}</ref> === Misali: Ka so Shirin Tafkunan === Shirin Ƙaunar Lakes misali ne na Shoreline Assessment da Revitalization shirin da aka yi amfani da shi a Kanada.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Love Your Lake |url=https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/love-your-lake/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=cwf-fcf.org |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029023015/https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/love-your-lake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi ta Kanada (MECC) Shirin Abokin Hulɗa na Tafkin a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Watersheds Canada, MECC, da Ƙungiyar namun daji ta Kanada.<ref name=":2" /> Shirin yana bawa masu tafkin da kungiyoyi damar yin amfani da su don a tantance bakin tekun su kuma suna tattauna hanyoyin da mutane da al'umma za su iya amfani da su wajen sake farfado da bakin tekunsu. Naturalization, ta amfani da nau'ikan shuke-[[nau'in na asali|shuka na asali]] a gefen tekun don ƙirƙirar buffer, sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar kamar yadda wannan ke iyakance lalacewa daga aikin farkawa kuma yana iya rage runoff mai gina jiki daga [[Lawn|Kula da ciyawa]] ko ayyukan noma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural Shoreline |url=http://loveyourlake.ca/natural-shoreline/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=Love Your Lake |language=en-US}}</ref> Har zuwa wannan ranar, kusan tabkuna 200 an tantance su ta hanyar shirin.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Love Your Lake |url=https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/love-your-lake/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=cwf-fcf.org |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029023015/https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/love-your-lake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a da kuma zama dan kasa a bakin teku, wanda ya canza har zuwa kadarorin bakin teku 300.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://naturaledge.watersheds.ca/ |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=Natural Edge |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1cduwf3f6k3azttne74pfo6b1b9z95p Cin zarafin 'yancin dan adam a Chile a karkashin Augusto Pinochet 0 107801 891592 677601 2026-08-05T07:03:31Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} Rikicin haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka yi da mulkin kama-karya na soja na Chile, a ƙarƙashin Janar Augusto Pinochet, ya haɗa da mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jiki da jima'i, da kuma lalacewar tunani. Daga Shekarar 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1990, sojojin Chile, 'yan sanda da duk wadanda suka hada kai da [[Government Junta of Chile (1973)|rundunar soja]] sun shiga cikin kafa tsoro da ta'addanci a Chile. According to the Commission of Truth and Reconciliation (Rettig Commission) and the National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture (Valech Commission), the number of direct victims of human rights violations in Chile accounts for around 30,000 people: 27,255 tortured and 2,279 executed. In addition, some 200,000 people suffered exile and an unknown number went through clandestine centers and illegal detention.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2017}} Rikicin haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka yi da mulkin kama-karya na soja na Chile, a ƙarƙashin Janar Augusto Pinochet, ya haɗa da mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jiki da jima'i, da kuma lalacewar tunani. Daga Shekarar 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1990, sojojin Chile, 'yan sanda da duk wadanda suka hada kai da rundunar soja sun shiga cikin kafa tsoro da ta'addanci a Chile. Mafi yawan nau'ikan azabtarwa da ke tallafawa jihar da fursunonin Chile suka jimre su ne girgizar lantarki, ruwa, duka, da cin zarafin jima'i. Wani hanyar azabtarwa da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce "ɓata" wadanda aka ɗauka suna iya zama masu tayar da kayar baya saboda sun bi koyarwar siyasa ta hagu. An aiwatar da dabarar "faduwa" ga abokan gaba na mulkin Pinochet a cikin shekaru hudu na farko na mulkin soja. An tsare "waɗanda suka ɓace" a asirce, an azabtar da su kuma sau da yawa ba a sake ganinsu ba. Dukkanin Hukumar Kula da Kurkuku da Torture na Siyasa (Rahoton Valech) da Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu (Rahoto na Rettig) sun kiyasta cewa akwai kusan mutane 30,000 da ke fama da cin zarafin bil'adama a Chile, tare da abubuwan da suka faru na azabtarwa 40,018 da 2,279 da aka kashe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation |url=http://www.usip.org/files/resources/collections/truth_commissions/Chile90-Report/Chile90-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715220921/http://www.usip.org/files/resources/collections/truth_commissions/Chile90-Report/Chile90-Report.pdf |archive-date=July 15, 2009 |access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref> An gano wadannan mutane, tare da wasu da yawa, a matsayin wadanda ke fama da mulkin Pinochet: * Diana Aron, 'yar jarida * Miguel Enriquez, mai fafutukar siyasa * Victor Jara, mawaƙi da mawaƙi * Jose Liendo, mai fafutuka na hagu * Carlos Lorca, mai fafutukar siyasa * Reinalda Pereira, likita kuma mai sana'a * Arsenio Poupin, ɗan siyasa * Elizabeth Rekas, ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa * Alfredo Rojas, injiniya kuma ɗan siyasa * Bautista van Schouwen, likita kuma mai fafutukar siyasa * Franco Teruggi, marubuci kuma ɗan ƙungiyar kwadago == Tarihi ==   Gwamnatin soja ta kasance ta hanyar hana dukkan rashin amincewar siyasa, wanda ya sa wasu suyi magana game da ''"Kisan [[Politicide|Siyasa]]"'' (ko "kisan kare dangi na siyasa"). Steve J. Stern ya yi magana game da kisan siyasa don bayyana "aikin tsari don lalata duk hanyar yin da fahimtar siyasa da shugabanci". [[Fayil:Golpe_de_Estado_1973.jpg|thumb|Fashewar bam a Fadar La Moneda a lokacin Juyin mulki na 1973.]] Mafi munin tashin hankali ya faru ne a cikin watanni uku na farko bayan juyin mulkin, tare da yawan wadanda ake zargi da 'yan hagu da aka kashe ko "sun ɓace" (desaparecidos) nan da nan ya kai dubban. A cikin kwanaki da suka biyo bayan juyin mulkin, Mataimakin Sakataren Harkokin Kasuwancin Amurka ya sanar da Henry Kissinger cewa ana amfani da Filin wasa na kasa don riƙe fursunoni 5,000, kuma har zuwa 1975, CIA har yanzu tana ba da rahoton cewa har zuwa fursunoni 3,811 suna cikin filin wasa. [[Amnesty International]] ta ba da rahoton cewa an ƙidaya fursunonin siyasa kusan 7,000 a filin wasa na kasa a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973. Duk da haka, sau da yawa ana ambaton shi a cikin manema labarai, cewa an tsare fursunoni 40,000 a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=El campo de concentración de Pinochet cumple 70 años |url=https://elpais.com/404.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729172019/http://www.elpais.com/solotexto/articulo.html?xref=20081203elpepudep_19&type=Tes |archive-date=2012-07-29 |access-date=2021-12-17}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin shahararrun shari'o'in "desaparecidos" sune Charles Horman, ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda aka kashe a lokacin juyin mulkin kanta, marubucin waƙoƙin Chilean Víctor Jara, da kuma Oktoban shekarar 1973 Caravan of Death (Caravana de la Muerte) inda aka kashe akalla mutane 70.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–11, Part 2, Documents on South America, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve11p2/d243 |access-date=2023-11-01 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Information on the Murders of U.S. Citizens Charles Horman and Frank Teruggi by the Chilean Military |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB33/index.html |website=nsarchive2.gwu.edu}}</ref> Sauran ayyukan sun hada da Operation Colombo a lokacin da aka kashe daruruwan masu gwagwarmayar hagu da Operation Condor, wanda aka gudanar tare da ayyukan tsaro na sauran mulkin kama karya na Latin Amurka. [[Fayil:Esmeralda_BE43.jpg|thumb|Jirgin horo na <nowiki><i id="mwgQ">Emerald</i></nowiki>, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a shekarar 1973 a matsayin cibiyar tsare-tsare da azabtarwa.]] Bayan shan kashi na Pinochet a cikin plebiscite na shekarar 1988, Hukumar Rettig ta shekarar 1991, wani yunkuri na jam'iyyun siyasa da yawa daga gwamnatin Aylwin don gano gaskiyar game da take hakkin dan adam, sun lissafa cibiyoyin [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]] da tsare-tsare da yawa (kamar Colonia Dignidad, jirgin Esmeralda ko Filin wasa na Víctor Jara), kuma sun gano cewa akalla mutane 3,200 ne suka mutu ko suka ɓace ta hanyar mulkin. Wani rahoto daga baya, Rahoton Valech (wanda aka buga a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004), ya tabbatar da adadin mutuwar mutane 3,200 amma ya rage yawan wadanda ake zargi da bacewar mutane. Ya ba da labarin kama mutane 28,000 inda aka tsare mafi yawan wadanda aka tsare kuma a lokuta da yawa aka [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]] da su. An tura kimanin 'yan Chile 30,000 gudun hijira kuma an karbe su a kasashen waje, musamman a [[Argentina]], a matsayin' yan gudun hijira na siyasa; duk da haka, 'yan sanda na sirri na DINA sun bi su a gudun hijira, a cikin tsarin Operation Condor wanda ya haɗa mulkin kama karya na Kudancin Amurka tare da abokan adawar siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 22, 2008 |title=One Carrot, Many Sticks - TIME |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926095,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222012139/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926095,00.html |archive-date=2008-12-22}}</ref> Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 20,000-40,000 na Chile suna da fasfo da aka buga da harafin "L" (wanda ke tsaye don lista nacional), yana nuna su a matsayin persona non grata kuma dole ne su nemi izini kafin su shiga kasar. Duk da haka, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Chile sun tilasta wa dubban daruruwan zuwa gudun hijira.<ref name="Jaime Gazmuri p. 121" /> According to the Latin American Institute on Mental Health and Human Rights ([[Latin American Institute on Mental Health and Human Rights|ILAS]]), "situations of extreme trauma" affected about 200,000 persons; this figure includes individuals killed, tortured (following the [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|UN]] definition of torture), or exiled and their immediate relatives. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2010|reason=I can't find the report that says this, or even that ILAS exists}} Wata kotu a Chile ta yanke wa tsoffin jami'an 'yan sanda 24 hukunci, a ranar 19 ga Maris, 2008, a shari'o'in satar mutane, azabtarwa da kisan kai wanda ya faru ne bayan juyin mulkin da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ta goyi bayan ya hambarar da Shugaba Salvador Allende, dan gurguzu, a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973. == Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka == Ma'anar mulkin mallaka yana nuna mulkin soja wanda ya tashi zuwa iko a Kudancin Amurka tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa Shekarar 1980, musamman a yankunan Kudancin Cone na Argentina, Chile, [[Paraguay]], da [[Uruguay]]. Wadannan gwamnatoci suna da tsarin fasaha na yin manufofi kuma suna tare da matsanancin zalunci. Guillermo O'Donnell - wani shahararren masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Argentina - ya lakafta waɗannan gwamnatocin a matsayin "masu mulkin mallaka" don "banbanban da su daga siffofin oligarchical da populist na mulkin mallaka da aka samu a ƙasashe marasa zamani".<ref>Karen L. Remmer and Gilbert W. Merkx, "Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism Revisited," Latin American Research Review 17: 2 (1982), 3-4, {{JSTOR|2503143}}</ref> Tun daga farkonta a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973, babban ajanda na mulkin kama karya na Chile shine ya danne masu adawa da siyasa - wanda wasu suka rarraba shi a matsayin ''"Kisan Siyasa"'' (ko "kisan kare dangi na siyasa). Samun iko na Janar Pinochet ta hanyar tashin hankali, da kuma zubar da jini na juyin mulkin soja ya nuna mummunan yanayin da mutane da yawa marasa laifi za su jimre a cikin shekaru 17 masu zuwa. Pinochet ya ji tsoron magoya bayan Jam'iyyar Popular Unity Party (PU) da shugabansu Salvador Allende, wanda shine Marxist na farko da ya zama Shugaban yankin Latin Amurka ta hanyar bude zabe. Janar Pinochet ya rayu a cikin halin damuwa, kuma koyaushe yana jin tsoron a kashe shi ko rasa iko. Don haka, ya fara hallaka wadanda ba su da hadin kai ga manufofinsa, musamman wadanda suka taba yi wa PU hidima. Yayin da zargin Pinochet ya karu, mai mulkin kama-karya na soja ya yi niyya ga duk wanda ke da alaƙa da "masu hagu", wanda ya haɗa da uwaye, mata, da 'ya'yan masu tayar da kayar baya. [saki - tattauna] Don tabbatar da ikon mallakar kasar, Pinochet ya kirkiro cibiyoyin da suka kasance kamar na dimokuradiyya. Ya shirya plebiscite, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 1980, wanda ya amince da sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulki wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta 1980, kuma hakan ya tabbatar da tsarin shari'a da ya kafa ta hanyar doka. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya haramta lokacin zabe na shekaru 8, ya ba da izinin sake zaben kuma ya ba Shugaban Jamhuriyar iko mai yawa. An ba da dokoki don aikata laifuka na ta'addanci da kuma iyakance amfani da ''[[habeas corpus]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christian Correa, "Waterboarding Prisoners and Justifying Torture:Lessons for the U.S. from the Chilean Experience,"''Human Rights Brief'' 14, no. 2 (2007): p. 21 |url=http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/14/2correa.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720121628/http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/14/2correa.pdf |archive-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> Wani muhimmin bangare na mulkin Pinochet shine yadda aka haɗa sojoji. Wani kuma shi ne rikice-rikice na farar hula, wanda ya haifar da yanayi wanda ya dace da danne duk waɗanda ake zaton suna goyon bayan PU, wasu kungiyoyin hagu, har ma da cibiyoyin Centrist kamar Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Kirista.  == Ka samar da jin tsoro == === Jirgin Mutuwa === Tun daga lokacin da Pinochet ya hau mulki, yana so ya sanya tsoro a cikin jama'ar Chile. Wadannan tsoro sun bayyana tare da izininsa na "Caravan of Death". Bayan juyin mulkin a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, Pinochet ya umarci wannan tawagar kashe Sojojin Chile da ta yi niyya ga shugabannin PU ta kowace hanya da ta dace. Caravan of Death, a karkashin jagorancin Sergio Arellano Stark, ya kashe mutane 68 a cikin kwanaki uku, ta hanyar wuka, bugawa, da harbi. Kafawar Caravan of Death ya yi amfani da manyan dalilai uku: 1) yin shiru ta hanyar kisan kai, 2) fitar da jami'an soja waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da mulkin Pinochet da 3) kafa tsoro a cikin matsayi na jagoranci. Caravan of Death ya haifar da kafa tsarin ta'addanci na jihar.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Chile-90 Report |url=http://www.usip.org/files/resources/collections/truth_commissions/Chile90-Report/Chile90-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715220921/http://www.usip.org/files/resources/collections/truth_commissions/Chile90-Report/Chile90-Report.pdf |archive-date=July 15, 2009 |access-date=2021-03-07}}</ref> === DINA === [[Fayil:Manuel_mamo_contreras.PNG|thumb|Manuel Contreras, darektan Darakta na Lantarki na Kasa (DINA) ]] A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 1974, Dokar Junta 521 ta ba da umarnin kirkirar Daraktan Lantarki na Kasa (DINA). Akwai dubban mutane da ke aiki a wannan hukumar. An kafa DINA don "samar da bayanan sirri da ake buƙata don tsara manufofi da tsarawa, da kuma ɗaukar matakai don samun kariya ga Tsaron Kasa da ci gaban ƙasar. " DINA ta kafa sansanonin tambayoyi da tsare-tsare, inda aka tsare tsoffin mambobin gwamnatin Marxist ta Allende da ƙungiyoyin Hagu kamar Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria kuma aka azabtar da su. <ref name="ReferenceA"/> Manufar Pinochet ita ce ta hallaka dukkan nau'ikan adawa. Saboda haka ya goyi bayan Dokar Soja ta Shekarar 1697, wanda ya haramta kafa kowace jam'iyya ta siyasa. Yawancin mutanen Chile suna cikin sa ido. Ikklisiyoyin Chile, jami'o'i, kasuwanni, da unguwanni duk suna ƙarƙashin bincike mai zurfi. === Umurni na hadin gwiwa === Kwamandan hadin gwiwa ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikata daga ƙarshen 1975 har zuwa ƙarshen 1976 kuma an kafa shi da farko a [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago, Chile]]. Kamar DINA, wannan ma'aikatar ta daidaita ayyukan leken asiri da kuma cin zarafin siyasa, tare da rundunar sojan sama da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da ajanda. Kwamandan hadin gwiwa yana da alhakin " bacewar" kusan mutane talatin a lokacin mulkin kama karya.<ref name="United States Institute of Peace">{{Cite web |title=Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation |url=http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_pt2_ch2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509045327/http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_pt2_ch2.html |archive-date=May 9, 2009 |access-date=July 26, 2025 }}</ref> == Tsanani da gwamnati ke tallafawa == Daga shekara ta 1974 zuwa shekarar 1977, DINA (Darakta na Lantarki na Kasa) da sauran hukumomi kamar Kwamandan hadin gwiwa sune manyan cibiyoyin da ke da alhakin aikata mafi yawan ayyukan zalunci. Ya kasance a wannan lokacin lokacin da yawancin ɓacewar tilasta ya faru. Duk da yake waɗannan hukumomin sun aikata mummunan azabtarwa ta jiki da ta jima'i, sun kuma haifar da ciwo mai yawa da wahala. [[Fayil:Retratos_de_víctimas_en_el_Museo_de_la_Memoria_y_los_Derechos_Humanos,_de_Santiago_de_Chile.jpg|thumb|Hotunan wadanda aka kashe a mulkin Pinochet]] === Tsayawa da cibiyoyin azabtarwa === Hukumomin leken asiri a karkashin mulkin Pinochet sun kafa wuraren tsare sirri da azabtarwa don gudanar da zalunci na siyasa. Gabaɗaya, Chile tana da cibiyoyin azabtarwa 17. [daidaitaccen tabbatarwa - duba tattaunawa] A wani lokaci, an saki fursunoni bayan an tsare su kuma an azabtar da su. Koyaya, an kashe fursunoni da yawa kuma "sun ɓace". ==== Alamos huɗu ==== Cuatro Álamos cibiyar tsare-tsare ce wacce babu wanda ke waje da DINA da ke da damar shiga, sai dai ma'aikatan wasu hukumomin leken asiri. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1973, a farkon lokacin mulkin. Rayuwa a Cuatro Álamos ta kasance mai sauƙi fiye da sauran wuraren tsare-tsare. Ya kunshi ƙananan sel goma sha biyu, babban sel ɗaya, da ofisoshin ma'aikata. Akwai lokuta kalilan na azabtarwa a cikin ganuwar kurkukun.<ref name="United States Institute of Peace"/> ==== Landan 38 ==== Londres 38 cibiyar tsare sirri ce da ke cikin garin Santiago, inda mambobin DINA ke aiki daga 1973 har zuwa ƙarshen 1974. Wannan yana daya daga cikin shafuka da yawa da kungiyoyin hagu suka mallaka a baya. Fursunoni a London No. 38 sun jimre da dogon lokaci na tambayoyi da ci gaba da wulakanci. Masu kamawa sun fi son azabtar da fursunoni ta hanyar kashe su. Ba wai kawai an tsare wadanda ake zargi ba, amma an kama danginsu. An yi wa dangin cin zarafin jima'i a gaban ƙaunatattun su. Koyaya, a lokacin farko, har yanzu ana ba fursunoni damar yin hulɗa da juna da raba bayanai.<ref name="United States Institute of Peace"/> ==== Villa Grimaldi ==== [[Fayil:Parque_por_la_paz_Villa_Grimaldi.jpg|thumb|Mutanen da suka ɓace a cikin fasaha a Parque por la Paz a Villa Grimaldi a Santiago de Chile]] Villa Grimaldi, located in Santiago, was DINA's most important torture center, which began operating in 1974. Prisoners endured long periods of interrogation. As more people were incarcerated on a massive scale, new places were reconditioned to hold them. The "tower" was designated as a holding center for political prisoners. On the top floor of the building, there was a water tank that included ten tight spaces where prisoners were held. These spaces were so small that victims had to enter them by crawling on their knees. The tower also housed a torture chamber, where prisoners were kept in isolation. Many of them were never seen again. Food was scarce, and the conditions were extremely unsanitary.<ref name="United States Institute of Peace"/> === Tsanani na zahiri === Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka saba amfani da su shine "grill" ko "La Parrilla. " A cikin wannan hanyar, an samar da wutar lantarki daga ma'aunin bango ta hanyar akwatin sarrafawa cikin wayoyi biyu, kowannensu yana ƙare a cikin electrodes. Akwatin sarrafawa ya ba masu azabtarwa damar daidaita ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba wa fursunoni. Za a shimfiɗa fursunonin tsirara, a ɗaure su a kan gadon ƙarfe ko kuma a ɗora su cikin gado, kuma a ɗaure shi cikin aminci. Daga nan sai aka yi musu girgizar lantarki a sassa daban-daban na jiki, musamman wuraren da ke da hankali kamar al'aura da raunuka masu budewa. Rahoton Valech ya haɗa da shaidar wani mutumin Chile wanda masu kama kurkuku suka yi masa tambayoyi. Sun cire tufafinsa kuma sun haɗa electrodes a kirjinsa da testicles. Sun kuma sanya wani abu a bakinsa don hana shi cinye harshensa yayin da suke ba da mamaki. A wani bambancin wannan hanyar, za a haɗa waya ɗaya ga fursunoni, yawanci ga al'aurar wanda aka azabtar, yayin da za a iya amfani da wani waya ga sassa daban-daban na jiki. Wannan ya haifar da wutar lantarki da ke wucewa ta jikin wanda aka azabtar, tare da ƙarfin da ya dace da nisan tsakanin electrodes biyu. Ƙananan nesa tsakanin electrodes ya haifar da ƙarfin lantarki kuma saboda haka ya fi zafi ga fursunoni. [[Fayil:Casa_de_detención_clandestina_en_José_Domingo_Cañas_01.JPG|thumb|Cibiyar azabtarwa ta DINA a José Domingo Cañas 1367]] Wani nau'i na musamman na "grill" ya haɗa da amfani da gado na ƙarfe; za a sanya wanda aka azabtar a kan gado na ƙasa yayin da aka azabtar da dangi ko aboki a lokaci guda a saman gado. Yawancin fursunoni sun jimre da mummunan duka, kuma wasu sun karye ko yanke ƙafafunsu. A Villa Grimaldi, DINA ta tilasta wa fursunoni marasa bin doka su kwanta a ƙasa. Wadanda suka kama su za su gudu a kan ƙafafunsu tare da babban abin hawa, suna murkushe ƙasusuwan fursunoni. Har ila yau, maharan sun doke fursunoni a kunnuwa har sai sun zama kurma da rashin sani; wannan hanyar azabtarwa an san ta da "telephone". Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan azabtarwa da nufin su kunyata fursunoni sosai. A sansanin fursunoni na Pisagua, masu kamawa sun tsoratar da fursunoni ta hanyar tilasta musu su yi tsalle a ƙasa kuma su kwashe datti daga bene. Idan fursunoni sun koka ko ma sun fadi daga gajiya, ana kashe su nan da nan. An kuma tsoma fursunoni a cikin tukwane na turare kuma a wasu lokuta an tilasta su cinye shi. === Cin zarafin jima'i === Gwamnatin Pinochet ta aikata abubuwa masu yawa masu ban tsoro da ban tsoro na cin zarafin jima'i a kan wadanda aka azabtar. An kafa wuraren tsare-tsare da yawa ne kawai don manufar azabtar da jima'i da wulakanci ga fursunoni. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan wurin shine Discothèque (ko Venda Sexy), wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗayan manyan cibiyoyin tsare sirri na DINA. Da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka " bace" an fara tsare su a wannan kurkuku, inda masu gadi na kurkuku ke yawan fuskantar maza da mata ga cin zarafin jima'i. Wannan kurkuku kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin cibiyar tsakiya don ayyukan zalunci na ciki. Mata sune manyan manufofi na waɗannan mummunar ayyukan cin zarafin jima'i. A cewar Hukumar Valech, kusan kowane mace fursuna ya sha wahala daga fyade akai-akai. Sojoji ba wai kawai sun yi wa mata fyade ba har ma sun yi amfani da abubuwa na kasashen waje har ma da dabbobi don haifar da ƙarin ciwo da wahala. Mata, kuma a wasu lokuta maza, sun ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru inda aka dasa gizo-gizo da beraye masu rai a jikin su. Wata mace ta shaida cewa an "yi mata fyade kuma an yi mata fyade tare da karnuka da aka horar da su da kuma beraye masu rai" kuma an tilasta mata yin jima'i da mahaifinta da ɗan'uwanta, waɗanda aka kuma tsare su. A cikin kalmomin Alejandra Matus, matan da aka tsare sun jimre da hukunci sau biyu: na farko don an lakafta su a matsayin "masu hagu" kuma na biyu don rashin bin ka'idar soja na mata, sau da yawa ana kiransu da perra ("bitch"). === Rashin jituwa na tunani === Rundunar soji sau da yawa ta tsara mutane da kungiyoyi masu hagu don tabbatar da ajandarsu don yin niyya da azabtar da masu adawa da siyasa. Junta ta haifar da tsoron masu hagu ta hanyar shirya kama makamai da kuma nuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a cikin mummunan haske. Gwamnatin ta zargi masu hagu da satar makamai masu haɗari daga shagunan makamai don tabbatar da kama masu adawa ba bisa ka'ida ba. Irin wannan hotunan karya na "hadarin juyin juya hali" ya haifar da halatta mulkin Pinochet. Junta ta ba da umarni ga jama'ar Chile da su ba da rahoton ayyukan duk wani mai tuhuma kuma suka ci gaba da mika su. Pinochet ya kuma ba da izini ga DINA don shirya fashewar bam a gidan tsaro na Chile, yana mai da alhakin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na hagu don nuna haɗarin da suka kawo wa al'umma. Ainihin, rundunar soji ta yi amfani da farfaganda na ƙwaƙwalwa don nuna masu hagu a matsayin abokan gaba. An yi amfani da azabtarwa ta tunani don lalata nufin fursuna, [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|mutunci]], halin kirki, da ƙudurin jiki don cire bayanai masu dacewa daga wanda aka azabtar. Membobin hukumomin leken asiri kamar DINA da Joint Command sun yi ƙoƙari su cire bayanai daga wadanda abin ya shafa ta hanyar barazana ga yaransu da ƙaunatattun su. Iyaye da yawa da aka tsare a cibiyoyin tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba dole ne su zabi tsakanin ceton kansu ko rayuwar yaransu. A ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, Shekara ta 1989, ma'aikatan soja sun kama Jessica Antonia Liberona Niñoles kuma sun tsare ta a cikin wani dakin duhu, mai zaman kansa. An cire ta tsirara, an tilasta ta kwanta a kan gadon kurkuku mara kyau, kuma ba a yarda ta yi barci ba har kwana biyar a lokacin tambayoyin. Wadanda suka kama ta yi barazanar sace 'yarta mai shekaru tara daga makaranta idan ta kasa ba da hadin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1999-09-28 |title=Pinochet: the case against |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/sep/28/pinochet.chile1 |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Hukumar Valech, waterboarding yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka fi rubuta ta wadanda aka tsare da su. Wadanda suka kama su sun zuba ruwa a kan zane wanda ya rufe fuskokin wadanda abin ya shafa da kuma numfashi, wanda ya sa mutane su fuskanci jin dadin nutsewa da kuma kusan mutuwa. Waterboarding ya sa fursunoni su yi asphyxiate, yayin da kawunansu suka nutse cikin ruwa sau da yawa a jere. Sau da yawa, ana rataye fursunoni a tsaye da igiyoyi, kuma ana jefa su cikin tankin ruwa, da farko. Ruwa ya gurɓata kuma ya cika da tarkace. An yi amfani da Waterboarding don haifar da ciwo na jiki da na tunani; duk da haka, wadanda abin ya shafa sun gano cewa wahalar da suka jimre ta fi muni fiye da ciwo ta jiki. Sun tabbatar da cewa ko da shekaru talatin bayan an "waterboarded", har yanzu suna fama da mummunar tasirin azabtarwa na tunani. Mutane da yawa da abin ya shafa sun bayar da rahoton fama da matsalar damuwa, wulakanci, rashin amfani, kunya, damuwa, da rashin bege. Rahoton Hukumar Valech ya bayyana shaidar wani mutum wanda ya fuskanci ruwa a watan Satumbar shekarar 1973:<blockquote>Sun sanya auduga a idanu biyu, sannan suka ɗaure su kuma suka karfafa murfin a wuwata. Sun ɗaure hannuna da ƙafafunsu, sun nutse ni a cikin tanki mai lita 250 wanda ke da ammoniya, fitsari, datti, da ruwan teku. Sun nutse ni har sai na daina numfashi. Sun maimaita shi akai-akai, yayin da suke doke ni kuma suna tambayar ni tambayoyi. Wannan shi ne abin da suka kira jirgin ruwa.</blockquote> === Rashin Kasancewa === [[Fayil:Memorial_Detenidos_Desaparecidos_Régimen_Militar_Chile.jpg|thumb|Memorial to the people that were 'disappeared' during the Pinochet's regime]] [[Fayil:Facultad_de_Derecho_UdeCh_20180117_fRF11_-memoria_feminista.jpg|thumb|Dalibai da furofesoshi da suka ɓace; Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chile.]] [[Fayil:Memorial_DDHH_Chile_60_las_sillas.jpg|right|thumb|Abin tunawa ga wadanda Caso Degollados ya shafa a Chile.]] Duk da yake "masu tayar da kayar baya" shine babban kayan aikin ta'addanci na jihar da gwamnatin soja ta Argentina ke gudanarwa daga shekarun 1960 zuwa shekarar 1980, ya kasance mai yaduwa sosai kuma ya zama ruwan dare a Chile. A cewar Rahoton Rettig, mutane 1,248 sun " bace" ta hanyar Pinochet Regime. Koyaya, wannan adadin har yanzu ya kasance tushen jayayya, kamar yadda har yanzu ba a gano daruruwan gawawwakin ba. An yi kusanci daban-daban don yawan mutanen da gwamnatin soja ta "shafe". Da yawa daga cikin wadanda "sun ɓace" ba a ba su damar tserewa ko neman mafaka a wasu wurare ba. An ɓoye jikinsu da gangan a wuraren da ba a bayyana ba. Kwanaki bakwai kawai bayan Pinochet ya kwace mulki, ya umarci sojoji da su tara kimanin dalibai 10,000, ma'aikata, da masu gwagwarmayar siyasa kuma suka kulle su a filin wasa na Santiago a ranar 18 ga Watan Satumba, shekara ta 1973. Wannan filin wasa, wanda ya nuna mafi girman nishaɗi na Chile, ya zama sansanin fursuna a cikin 'yan kwanaki. An azabtar da mutane da yawa kuma an harbe su, kuma an jefa gawawwakin daruruwan zuwa kaburbura na sirri. Wadannan sun sha wahala daga shirin da aka tsara da kyau na hukuma, duk da haka a ɓoye, azabtarwa da kisan kai. An ga mutane da yawa a karshe a cikin cibiyoyin tsare-tsare da azabtarwa da hukumomin leken asiri na mulkin soja suka kafa. Bayan kama Pinochet a shekarar 1998, Chile ta sake yin ƙoƙari don gano mummunan abubuwan da suka faru a baya. A karo na farko a cikin shekaru da yawa, lauyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da mambobin sojoji sun so su bincika inda aka binne gawawwakin "sun ɓace". A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2000, Shugaba Ricardo Lagos ya yi jawabi na minti 15 a duk fadin kasar, inda ya nuna cewa sojojin sun gano bayanai game da makomar kimanin mutane 180 da suka bace. A cewar Legas, an jefa gawarwakin akalla 150 daga cikin wadannan mutane cikin tabkuna, koguna, da Tekun Pacific. Ba a san inda wasu daruruwan gawawwakin suke ba. == Ta'addanci da aka kafa == Mulkin kama-karya a karkashin Pinochet ya kafa wani yanar gizo mai rikitarwa na kayan aikin shari'a wanda ya yi amfani da shi don danne duk wanda aka dauka "mai tayar da kayar baya". Pinochet ya kasance mai matukar dabarun a kokarinsa na ɓoye take hakkin dan adam da jihar ta aikata. Ya yi kira ga Plebiscite na kasa a 1980 don amincewa da Tsarin Mulki na Siyasa na 1980 na Jamhuriyar Chile - wani dalili na dimokuradiyya. Pinochet ya yi alkawarin rage hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, wanda ya kasance kusan 30-35% a cikin 1978; yana da niyyar sake fasalin cibiyoyin tattalin arziki da siyasa na yankin. Wadannan ajendas sun kasance wani ɓangare na wani shiri mai zurfi don samun amincewa daga jihar, yana mai da shi ya fi dacewa a gurfanar da shi, ɗaure shi, da kuma kashe fararen hula da ake zargi da tayar da kayar baya. Sojoji da ma'aikatan da ke dauke da makamai, a karkashin Pinochet, sun sami damar yin aiki ba tare da hani ba, yayin da aka sake fasalin Gwamnatin Chile kamar yadda Pinochet yake so. Ko da Kundin Tsarin Mulki an tsara shi don ba Pinochet rashin hukunci. Mulkin kama-karya na soja ya yi amfani da tsarin shari'a na kansa don yin hukunci da abokan gaba na mulkin. Bugu da ƙari, Dokar Amnesty da Pinochet ya ba da umarni a 1978 ta tabbatar da rashin hukunci ga waɗanda ke da alhakin "tsarkakewa da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma babbar matsala ce ga kawo Pinochet zuwa adalci a Chile. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Document |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/document/?indexNumber=amr22%2f004%2f2008&language=en |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=www.amnesty.org |language=en}}</ref> Har ma a yau, "Dokar Amnesty har yanzu tana aiki. Kotun Koli ta Chile ta yi amfani da shi kwanan nan a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007. "Yayin da aka tsare Pinochet a karkashin tsare a gida a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, shekara ta 2006, kan " tuhume-tuhume da suka hada da kisan kai, azabtarwa, da satar mutane a cikin shekaru bayan juyin mulkinsa na 1973, ba a taɓa yanke masa hukunci ba. Ya mutu kafin tsarin binciken ya kai ga ƙarshe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=agencies |first=Staff and |date=2006-10-30 |title=Pinochet held on murder and torture charges |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/30/chile.pinochet |access-date=2021-03-07 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Dokar Amnesty ta Pinochet ta yadda ya kamata ta keɓe mulkin soja daga fansa har ma da mafi munin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam. === Hukumomin zalunci ===   Daraktan leken asiri na kasa (DINA), shi ne 'yan sanda na sirri na Chile a lokacin gwamnatin Pinochet . An kafa DINA a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1973 a matsayin sashin leken asiri na Sojojin Chile, tare da Janar Manuel Contreras a matsayin shugabanta kuma Raúl Iturriaga a matsayin mataimakin darakta, wanda ya tsere daga shari'a a shekara ta 2007. Ya zama sashin gudanarwa mai zaman kansa a watan Yunin 1974 a karkashin dokar # 521. DINA ta ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa 1977 lokacin da aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Bayanai ta Kasa (CNI). == Manyan masu keta haƙƙin ɗan adam == Tun da take hakkin dan adam a lokacin mulkin soja ya dace da manufofin jihar, yawan mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan ayyukan a matsayin marubuta, masu shiga tsakani, ko kayan haɗi suna da yawa. Duk da yake yana da wahala a tantance ainihin adadin su, an kiyasta ya wuce daruruwan. Kimanin mutane sittin ne kotunan Chile suka yanke musu hukunci.   == Dubi kuma == * An tilasta bacewar mutane a Chile * Gidan 29 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == *   * {{Cite journal |last=Hiner |first=Hillary |last2=Garrido |first2=Juan Carlos |last3=Walters |first3=Brigette |date=2019 |title=Antitrans State Terrorism: Trans and Travesti Women, Human Rights, and Recent History in Chile |journal=TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=194–209 |doi=10.1215/23289252-7348482}} [[Rukuni:Yancin Dan Adam]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0fgkdyifpa6ysn15qdo7c0u39og2nuj Tekun Vertigo (shigar da bidiyo na 2015) 0 107854 891586 866537 2026-08-05T06:57:18Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Tekun Vertigo''''' shigar da bidiyo ne na minti 48 wanda ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya da mai shirya fina-finai John Akomfrah ya kirkira a cikin 2015. Bincike ne game da dangantakar mutum da teku kuma yana bincika batutuwa da suka hada da tarihin bautar, ƙaura, rikici, da damuwa game da muhalli kamar farautar whale da polar bear da gwajin nukiliya. Ya haɗu da hotunan asali da aka yi fim a Tsibirin Skye, Tsibirin Faroe da yankunan Arewacin [[Norway]], tare da kayan ajiya da farko daga Sashin Tarihin Halitta na BBC. Har ila yau, ya samo wahayi daga ayyukan wallafe-wallafen guda biyu: Moby-Dick na Herman Melville da waka Whale Nation na Heathcote Williams . An fara shi ne a bikin Venice Biennale na 56 a shekarar 2015 wanda Okwui Enwezor ya tsara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea |url=https://arnolfini.org.uk/whatson/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Arnolfini |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihin nune-nunen == * Venice Biennale (Venice) Mayu - Nuwamba 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=art-agenda |url=https://www.art-agenda.com/announcements/185714/john-akomfrah-at-the-venice-biennale |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.art-agenda.com |language=en}}</ref> * Arnolfini (Bristol, Ingila) Janairu - Afrilu 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea |url=https://arnolfini.org.uk/whatson/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Arnolfini |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Kunsthallen Nikolaj (Copenhagen) Fabrairu - Mayu 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea {{!}} www.nikolajkunsthal.dk |url=https://www.nikolajkunsthal.dk/en/udstillinger/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.nikolajkunsthal.dk |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307022643/http://www.nikolajkunsthal.dk/en/udstillinger/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea |url-status=dead }}</ref> * The Exchange (Penzance, UK) Afrilu - Yuni 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah Vertigo Sea |url=https://newlynartgallery.co.uk/activities/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Newlyn Art Gallery & The Exchange |language=en-GB}}</ref> * CoCA (Christchurch, New Zealand) Mayu - Agusta 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertigo Sea {{!}} CoCA Centre of Contemporary Art Toi Moroki |url=https://coca.org.nz/exhibitions/vertigo-sea |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=coca.org.nz}}</ref> * Musayar Zane ([[Toronto]]) Oktoba 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Things We Want to See at Nuit Blanche Toronto |url=https://canadianart.ca/features/nuit-blanche-toronto-picks-2016/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=canadianart.ca}}</ref> * Turner Contemporary (Kent, Burtaniya) Oktoba 2016 - Janairu 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Akomfrah's 'Vertigo Sea' travels to Turner Contemporary |url=https://www.lissongallery.com/news/akomfrah-s-vertigo-sea-tours-to-turner-contemporary |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.lissongallery.com}}</ref> * Whitworth (Manchester, Burtaniya) Maris - Yuli 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah {{!}} Whitworth Art Gallery |url=https://www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/pastexhibitions/johnakomfrah/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk}}</ref> * Talbot Rice Gallery (Edinburgh) Oktoba 2017 - Janairu 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah / Vertigo Sea {{!}} Talbot Rice Gallery |url=https://www.trg.ed.ac.uk/exhibition/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.trg.ed.ac.uk}}</ref> * SFMOMA (San Francisco) Maris - Satumba 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sublime Seas: John Akomfrah and J.M.W. Turner · SFMOMA |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/john-akomfrah/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US}}</ref> * Sabon Gidan Tarihi ([[New York (birni)|New York City]]) Yuni - Satumba 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Signs of Empire |url=http://www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/john-akomfrah-signs-of-empire |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.newmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> * The Store X 'Strange Days' (London) Oktoba - Disamba 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-12 |title=Immersive exhibition Strange Days to transform Brutalist building in London |url=https://thespaces.com/immersive-exhibition-strange-days-to-transform-brutalist-building-in-london/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=The Spaces |language=en-US}}</ref> * Tarin Phillips (Washington) Yuni - Satumba 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Warmth of Other Suns: Stories of Global Displacement |url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/event/2019-06-22-warmth-other-suns-stories-global-displacement |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.phillipscollection.org |language=en}}</ref> * Gidan kayan gargajiya na Johnson (New York) Satumba - Disamba 2019 * Rabuwa ([[Vienna]]) Fabrairu - Yuni 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contemporary Art Daily » Blog Archive » John Akomfrah at Secession |url=https://contemporaryartdaily.com/2020/04/john-akomfrah-at-secession/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=contemporaryartdaily.com}}</ref> * Gidajen (St John's, Kanada) Fabrairu - Yuli 2020 * Gidan Tarihi na Seattle (Seattle) Maris - Satumba 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Future History {{!}} MAR 5 – SEP 7 2020 at Seattle Art Museum |url=http://akomfrah.site.seattleartmuseum.org/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=John Akomfrah: Future History |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415051352/https://akomfrah.site.seattleartmuseum.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * CAAC (Seville) Nuwamba 2020 - Maris 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title='John Akomfrah: The Earth is Flat' at CAAC Seville |url=https://www.lissongallery.com/news/john-akomfrah-the-earth-is-flat-at-caac-seville |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=www.lissongallery.com}}</ref> * MAC Montreal (Montreal) Fabrairu - Afrilu 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea |url=https://macm.org/en/exhibitions/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=MAC Montréal |language=en-US}}</ref> * Gidauniyar Antoni Tàpies (Barcelona) Fabrairu - Yuni 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah |url=https://fundaciotapies.org/en/exposicio/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea-2/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Fundació Antoni Tàpies |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618091851/https://fundaciotapies.org/en/exposicio/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Towner Gallery (Eastbourne, Burtaniya) Mayu - Satumba 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea - Exhibition at Towner Eastbourne in Eastbourne |url=https://www.artrabbit.com/events/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea-towner-eastbourne |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=ArtRabbit |language=en}}</ref> * Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Cardiff (Wales, Burtaniya) Oktoba 2021 - Yuni 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rules of Art? |url=https://museum.wales/cardiff/whatson/11098/The-Rules-of-Art/ |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=National Museum Wales |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-18 |title=Destination masterpiece: 75 great artworks to see across the UK |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/jun/18/destination-masterpiece-75-great-artworks-to-see-across-the-uk |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> * Gidan kayan gargajiya na Fine Arts, Boston (Boston) Nuwamba 9, 2024 - Nuwamba 9, 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deep Waters: Four Artists and the Sea {{!}} Museum of Fine Arts Boston |url=https://www.mfa.org/exhibition/deep-waters-four-artists-and-the-sea |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=www.mfa.org |language=en}}</ref> == Sauti == Tandis Jenhudson ne ya kirkiro sauti na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spice |first=Anton |date=2015-05-30 |title=10 incredible sound and music works at the Venice Biennale 2015 |url=https://thevinylfactory.com/features/10-incredible-sound-and-music-works-at-the-venice-biennale-2015/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=The Vinyl Factory |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin bita na 2015 Venice Biennale, [[The Guardian]] ya kira Vertigo Sea a matsayin "mafi kyawun waƙa ga duniya mai wucewa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-11 |title=Venice Biennale: the world is more than enough |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/may/11/venice-biennale-all-the-worlds-futures-review |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> The Guardian's Adrian Searle ya ba da cikakken bita ga nune-nunen Arnolfini na 2016 a Bristol, yana bayyana shi a matsayin "harin gani... mai ban sha'awa da mummunar, mai girma da bakin ciki".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-25 |title=John Akomfrah's Vertigo Sea: human and natural history meet at the abyss |url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jan/25/john-akomfrah-vertigo-sea-bristol-arnolfini-london-lisson-gallery-auto-de-fe-the-airport-tropikos |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> The Arts Desk ya bayyana shi a matsayin "tunani mai ban mamaki game da dangantakar ɗan adam da duniyar ruwa" da kuma "wani zane-zane na minti 48 da aka tsara da kyau a fadin allo uku". Ya kammala cewa "babu wata hanya mai karfi da za a sa mutane suyi aiki fiye da nuna abin da muke tsaye don rasa". A cikin bita na baje kolin Whitworth na 2017 a Manchester, mujallar New African ta bayyana cewa "wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa na hotuna da sauti masu rikitarwa, koyaushe yana jefa mai kallo cikin bincika damuwa mai yawa game da tseren, ainihi da ƙaura".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-18 |title=Vertigo Sea: depicting migration |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/15446/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=New African Magazine |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603115445/https://newafricanmagazine.com/15446/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afterimage ya bayyana "motsa jiki na yau da kullun da kuma shimfida sauti da hoto a fadin manyan allo guda uku" wanda "ya haifar da wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa da kuma shafar gogewa wanda ke tilasta wa masu kallo idanu, kunnuwa da motsin rai. " Har ila yau, ya nuna sauti da aka aro daga mummunan wasan kwaikwayo, an rufe shi da kuma haɗuwa da sauti na halitta da kuma "ƙarin yanayi na mawaƙa na Burtaniya Tandis Jenhudson, wanda tare ya ba da shawarar abin tunawa da jana'izar. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glessing |first=Jill |date=2017-01-01 |title=Review: John Akomfrah: Vertigo Sea |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/afterimage/article-abstract/44/4/38/20538/Review-John-Akomfrah-Vertigo-Sea?redirectedFrom=fulltext |journal=Afterimage |language=en |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=38–39 |doi=10.1525/aft.2017.44.4.38 |issn=0300-7472 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin sake dubawa na nune-nunen Strange Days na 2018 a London, Time Out ya bayyana cewa Vertigo Sea "ya sace wasan kwaikwayon tare da waƙoƙin sa, mai ban sha'awa kuma sau da yawa mai ban tsoro a kan Atlantic a matsayin wurin raunin tarihi, yayin da Ben Luke na Evening Standard ya bayyana shi a matsayin "babban abu, na asali na allo uku" The Cornell Daily Sun, a cikin bita na 2019 na baje kolin gidan kayan gargajiya na Johnson, ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa a cikin kyakkyawa da tsoro" yana mai cewa "Akomfrah yana ƙirƙirar shigarwa ta gani wanda ke da yawa a cikin girmansa da motsawa amma tare da manufar tunawa cewa duniya ta kasance wuri ne mai rikitarwa da ban mamaki".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hockenberry |first=Erin |date=2019-09-09 |title=The Dizzying Power of Vertigo Sea |url=https://cornellsun.com/2019/09/09/the-dizzying-power-of-vertigo-sea/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=The Cornell Daily Sun |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2020, ARTnews ya sanya Vertigo Sea na 2 a cikin ayyukan John Akomfrah guda biyar, daya a bayan fim dinsa na 1986 Handsworth Songs . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenberger |first=Alex |date=2020-06-16 |title=John Akomfrah’s Best Films, Ranked: Strange Futures, Black Identities in Flux, Earthly Damage, and More |url=https://www.artnews.com/feature/john-akomfrah-best-films-handsworth-songs-1202691370/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == bbsjrdexbjsf9poty6vpfsa05efs51x Ofishin Binciken Ruwa 0 108962 891588 807586 2026-08-05T06:58:55Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binciken Oceanic and Atmospheric''' (OAR) yanki ne na Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Kasa (NOAA). Hakanan ana kiran OAR azaman Bincike na NOAA. Binciken NOAA shine sashin bincike da haɓakawa na NOAA kuma shine ƙarfin baya bayan samfuran muhalli da sabis na NOAA da ke da nufin kare rayuwa da dukiyoyi da haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki mai dorewa. Bincike, da shirye-shiryen da aka gudanar a cikin NOAA da kuma ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar waje NOAA, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka fahimtar abubuwan da ke faruwa a muhalli kamar guguwa, guguwa, [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]], canje-canje a cikin sararin samaniya, abubuwan El Niño / La Niña, yawan amfanin kamun kifi, igiyoyin ruwa, zurfin teku mai zafi, da kuma lafiyar yanayin teku. Asalin Binciken NOAA kwanan wata zuwa ƙirƙirar Binciken Tekun (wanda aka sake masa suna na Amurka Coast Survey a 1836 da Amurka Coast and Geodetic Survey a 1878) ta Shugaba [[Thomas Jefferson]] a 1807 da kuma zuwa ga halittar a 1841 na Amurka Lake Survey. An kirkiro binciken binciken gabar teku ne don gudanar da binciken ruwa a gabar tekun Amurka, yayin da aka kirkiro binciken tafkin don gudanar da "binciken hydrographic na tabkunan arewa maso yammacin kasar," watau Great Lakes. Binciken da masana kimiyyar binciken tafkin suka aiwatar ya kasance mai sabbin abubuwa kuma cikakke: an ɓullo da mitoci na farko na yanzu don fahimtar yawan kwararar ruwa, kuma an haɓaka fasahohin hasashen ruwa don hasashen matakan ruwa da alaƙa da kadarorin tafkin. Kimiyya da fasaha da NOAA Research ke samarwa ba kawai ya dace da al'umma ba, yana tsammanin da kuma amsa bukatun abokan tarayya don nuna darajar fasaha ta yadda abokan tarayya za su iya tura su cikin aikace-aikacen su. OAR yana aiki tare da masu amfani da ƙarshen don haɗa fasahar balagagge (da ƙwarewar haɗin gwiwa) cikin manyan tsare-tsare, ko dai a cikin ayyukan NOAA ko aikace-aikacen abokin tarayya, ta hanyar gadon gwaji, haƙƙin mallaka, da sauransu. == Ƙungiya == Binciken NOAA shine cibiyar sadarwar bincike mai buɗewa wanda ya ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwaje na bincike na tarayya guda bakwai, ofisoshin shirye-shirye shida, Cibiyoyin Haɗin kai goma sha shida (waɗanda ba na tarayya ba ne, cibiyoyin bincike marasa riba a cikin haɗin gwiwa na shekaru biyar zuwa goma tare da NOAA), da kuma shirye-shiryen tallafin teku na tushen jami'a 33. OAR kuma ya dogara da ayyukan da aka yi a yawancin jama'a, masu zaman kansu, da cibiyoyin ilimi. Ofishin Shirye-shiryen Yanayi ya haɗa da Cibiyar Ƙirƙirar Hasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ƙirƙira a cikin 2018 don inganta haɗin gwiwa tare da masana kimiyya da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A cikin Afrilu 2025, a ƙarƙashin shugabancin [[Donald Trump]] na biyu, wani daftarin tsarin kasafin kuɗi ya nuna niyyar "kawar da duk wani kudade don yanayi, yanayi, da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na teku da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa," wanda zai haɗa da rufe Ofishin Bincike na Oceanic da Na yanayi a matsayin ofishin layin NOAA.<ref>Voosen, Paul (April 11, 2025). "Trump seeks to end climate research at premier U.S. climate agency". Science. Retrieved April 12, 2025</ref><ref>Borunda, Alejandra (April 11, 2025). "Major budget cuts proposed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration". NPR. Retrieved April 12, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan bincike == Binciken NOAA yana da wuraren bincike na farko guda uku: Yanayi; Weather da Air Chemistry; da Tekun, Tekuna, da Manyan Tafkuna. Duk masana kimiyya na cikin gida da na waje: Ci gaba da gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don fahimtar matakai na halitta (na jiki, geochemical, muhalli) Gina samfuran tsinkaya don amfani a cikin yanayi, yanayi, hasken rana, teku, da kimantawa da tsinkaya. Haɓaka da tura sabbin fasahohin lura don samar da bayanai don tallafawa ƙirar ƙira da kuma tattara bambance-bambancen yanayi. Ƙirƙirar sabbin kayan aikin nazari da tsinkaya don inganta ayyukan yanayi da gargaɗin farko game da bala'o'i. Yi amfani da sabbin fasahar bayanai don raba bayanai tare da sauran masana kimiyya na tarayya da na ilimi. Shirya kimantawar kimiyya da samfuran bayanai don haɓaka ilimin jama'a da jagoranci ayyukan gwamnati. Shirye-shiryen bincike da samfurori an haɓaka su tare da haɗin gwiwar masana kimiyya da sauran hukumomin tarayya, kuma an yi nazari da su kuma ana rarraba su sosai.<ref>Gaffney, Austyn (April 11, 2025). "White House Plan Calls for NOAA Research Programs to Be Dismantled". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2025. (subscription required)</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Amurka]] t1fsla6aw0zlt8z3i01i2myqmt67v1t Gidan shakatawa na Cape Gata-Níjar 0 110190 891545 720954 2026-08-05T00:24:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weather box}}Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Spanish) wurin shakatawa ne na halitta wanda ke cikin Almería, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Ita ce mafi girman yankin da aka kare a bakin teku a [[Andalusia]], wanda ke nuna shimfidar wuri. Gidan shakatawa yana kan kudu maso gabashin Spain, yanki ɗaya kawai a [[Turai]] tare da Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification: BWh). Dutsen da ake kira Sierra del Cabo de Gata ya samar da dutsen dutse mai fitattun wuta tare da tsaunuka masu kaifi da duwatsu. Mafi girman tudu a kan wannan tsaunin shine El Fraile (Sierra del Cabo de Gata) . Yana faɗuwa sosai zuwa [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]], yana haifar da tsaunuka masu tsawo na mita 100 (330 da aka raba ta hanyar gullies, yana haifar le ƙananan ƙananan tuddai da rairayin bakin teku masu farin yashi. Akwai ƙananan tsibirai masu yawa da coral reefs a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Cabo de Gata Photography: Cabo de Gata |url=http://cabodegataphotography.com/en/cabo-de-gata.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175314/http://cabodegataphotography.com/en/cabo-de-gata.html |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=Martyn Thompson (Cabo de Gata Photography)}}</ref> A shekara ta 1997, an sanya shi a matsayin [[UNESCO]] [[Ajiyyayyen yanayi|Biosphere Reserve]]. A shekara ta 2001, an haɗa shi cikin Yankunan da aka Kare na Musamman na Muhimmancin Bahar Rum. Saboda kaddarorin adsorptive da ƙarancin ƙwayoyinta, an yi nazarin yankin a matsayin wuri mai yiwuwa don adanawa mai zurfi na sharar gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2006 |title=El estudio de arcillas españolas para su utilización como material de sellado en almacenamientos de residuos radiactivos: 20 años de progreso |url=http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/5499/1/JIGE0606120015A.pdf |journal=Journal of Iberian Geology}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Playa-de-monsul.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Volcanic rock-formations at '''Playa de Mónsul''', possibly the most popular beach.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>]] [[Fayil:Playa-de-los-genoveses.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Playa de los Genoveses ita ce rairayin bakin teku ta biyu mafi mashahuri kuma a cikin nisan tafiya daga garin San José]] [[Fayil:Playa-de-san-miguel.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Playa de San Miguel Cocin da aka nuna a nan yana da tarihin ban sha'awa kuma tsoffin jiragen kamun kifi da aka watsar an bar su a matsayin nau'in "gidan kayan gargajiya mai rai"]] Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata-Níjar yana da alamun dutsen dutse da kuma kwararar dutse, tsaunuka na dutse, da calderas na dutsen dutsen. Gidan shakatawa ya shiga Cibiyar Nazarin Geoparks ta Duniya ta UNESCO a shekara ta 2006, kuma memba ne na Cibiyar Nazaren Geoparks na Turai. Tsakanin ƙauyen San Miguel da Cabo de Gata akwai filayen gishiri (''Las Salinas de Cabo de Gata'') da aka raba daga teku da sandar {{Convert|400|m}} m (1,300 . Gidan gishiri shafin Ramsar ne. Tekun wurin shakatawa na halitta yana da gadaje ciyawar teku na asalin Posidonia da murjani reefs na bakin teku waɗanda ke karbar bakuncin mazauna da jinsunan ruwa masu wucewa. Wani yanki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 120 (sq mi) na jimlar yankin da aka keɓe shi ne wurin ajiyar ruwa, wanda ya shimfiɗa ƙarƙashin ruwa zuwa zurfin mita 60 (200 ft). Halin ciyayi a cikin yankin ƙasa shine tsire-tsire masu dacewa da fari: babban agave, pear mai tsayi, dabino mai laushi, da kuma Xerophytes da yawa (wasu daga cikinsu suna da iyaka). == Yanayi == Cabo de gata tana fuskantar Yanayin hamada mai zafi (Köppen climate classification: ''BWh'') tare da yanayin zafi a duk shekara saboda tasirin teku. Lokacin hunturu yana da sauƙin gaske ta hanyar ka'idodin [[Turai]] kuma yana da wasu dag hunturu mafi zafi a Turai. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara kusan {{Convert|19.8|C|F}} ° C (67.6 ° F), kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-mako yana kusa da 156 mm (6.1 in), wanda aka rubuta a Faro del Cabo de Gata (36°43'18.8"N, 2°11'34.69"W) a lokacin 1961-1990. Yankin ne mafi bushe a Turai da kuma mafi bushe a Spain, ban da tsibirin Canary.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Cabo de Gata Nijar |url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/149857/cabo-de-gata-nijar-natural-park |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=earthobservatory |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Valores climatológicos normales |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=[[AEMET]] |language=es}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance ƙasa da millimeters 150 (5.9 in). A lokacin rani, dare na wurare masu zafi sun zama ruwan dare kuma, a matsakaici, Cabo de Gata yana da dare na wurare marasa zafi 119 a kowace shekara. Cabo de Gata ya sauka a matsayin {{Cvt|0.0|C|F}} a watan Fabrairun 1979 yayin da ya kai {{Cvt|43.0|C|F}} A watan Yulin 1975. Wadannan yanayin zafi an rubuta su a Cibiyar Kwarewar Michelin a Almería, wanda ke cikin ciki na Cabo de Gata, kimanin kilomita 10 (6.2 daga Faro del Cabo de Gata . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Las salinas de Gabo de Gata |url=https://www.divulgameteo.es/fotos/meteoroteca/Clima-Cabo-Gata.pdf |access-date=7 April 2025}}</ref>   == Tasirin ɗan adam a wurin shakatawa == [[Fayil:Hotel_Algarrobico_Gata_Nijar.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Otal din Algarrobico da ba a gama ba, wanda ya kasance a cikin wurin shakatawa tun shekara ta 2003]] A tarihi, yankin ba shi da yawan jama'a saboda mawuyacin yanayi na noma da kuma wuri mai nisa, wanda ya sa ba a lalata shi sosai - lamarin da ba a saba gani ba a gabar tekun Bahar Rum na Spain. A cikin 1997, an rubuta mutane 3,500 a matsayin suna zaune a cikin iyakokin [ana maganar hujja]. Kare wuraren shakatawa na halitta a yanzu sun sami alkawurra don kiyaye fadada wuraren zama karkashin kulawa. An yi watsi da wuraren da ke kusa da wurin shakatawa na dabi'a kamar gonaki, gidaje, masana'antu, da kuma wasu lokuta, ƙauyuka gabaɗaya tun daga lokuta daban-daban a cikin lokaci [ana binciken hujja]. Ba a fayyace ainihin dalilan yin watsi da shi ba, amma ana tunanin cewa matsanancin yanayi na noma tare da ba da izinin ginawa da kuma yanayin tattalin arzikin da ake fama da shi a lokacin na iya zama manyan dalilai. Wannan wani abu ne da ke ci gaba har zuwa yau tare da watakila mafi kyawun misali shine Algarrobico A shekara ta 2003, an fara aikin otal a Playa del Algarrobico tsakanin Carboneras da Mojacar, kawai a cikin wurin shakatawa. An dakatar da aikin a kan aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2007 |title=Algarrobico the never ending story |url=http://www.theolivepress.es/2007/08/09/algarrobico-the-never-ending-story/}}</ref> Tushen da yawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan aikin ci gaba ne ba bisa ka'ida ba, kodayake da alama cewa kwanan nan shirye-shiryen rushewa, waɗanda ke adawa da [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] 14, suna matsawa kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Almería villages against the demolition of the El Algarrobico Hotel |url=http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_34573.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510060148/http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_34573.shtml |archive-date=2012-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-26 |title=Algarrobico hotel approaches demolition |url=http://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2012/07/26/algarrobico-hotel-approaches-demolition/ |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=The Olive Press}}</ref> A cikin 2021, babbar kotun yanki ta Andalusia ta yanke hukuncin cewa ba lallai ba ne a lalata otal ɗin saboda mai haɓaka ƙasa yana da lasisin gini mai inganci. Yawancin unguwanni da gine-ginen da aka watsar har yanzu suna tsaye saboda ana ɗaukar su muhimman wuraren tarihi. Misalan wannan sune ƙauyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]] da aka bari a kusa da Rodalquilar . <ref name="After the Goldrush">{{Cite web |date=2012-06-17 |title=After the Goldrush |url=http://cabodegataphotography.wordpress.com/2012/06/17/after-the-goldrush/ |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=Martyn Thompson (Cabo de Gata Photography)}}</ref> Wani misali shine Cortijo del Fraile . An sami matakai don dawo da shi, amma har yanzu, babu wani abu da ya faru sai dai 'yan ƙoƙari na tara kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-07 |title=Nijar town hall joins with owners of Cortijo del Fraile to save farmhouse which inspired Lorca's Blood Wedding |url=http://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2012/02/07/nijar-town-hall-joins-with-owners-of-cortijo-del-fraile-to-save-farmhouse-which-inspired-lorcas-blood-wedding/ |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=The Olive Press}}</ref> == Yawon shakatawa == Yawon shakatawa yana daya daga cikin manyan masana'antu a cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, tare da baƙi da ke zuwa galibi a lokacin bazara da watanni na rani. A cikin 1998, masu yawon bude ido 500,000 sun ziyarci yankin. Yawon shakatawa na muhalli ya zama sananne a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Gidan shakatawa yana ba da yawon shakatawa na ruwa da jirgin ruwa, da kuma ayyukan waje masu kula da muhalli ciki har da kallon tsuntsaye, daukar hoto, da tafiye-tafiye na filin don ilimin ƙasa. Akwai zane-zane da sana'o'i da yawa bisa ga al'adun gida waɗanda har yanzu ana gudanar da su a kusa da Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata kuma musamman a cikin ƙaramin Moorish "pueblo blanco" na Níjar. Ayyukan gargajiya da sana'o'i sun haɗa da yumbu, tukwane, yin kafet da kayan ado (kwando, hular, takalma, da dai sauransu) da aka yi da ciyawa. Duk da yake cibiyar sadarwar ba ta da yawa, akwai hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke ba da tafiye-tafiye na rana. Caldera de Majada Redonda yana daya daga cikin irin wannan hanyar da ke kaiwa ga tsakiyar tsohuwar dutsen wuta. == Garuruwa == Akwai wasu kananan garuruwa a yankin Cabo de Gata. === Ruwa mai zaki === An fassara shi daga Mutanen Espanya, Agua Amarga a zahiri yana nufin "Ruwa mai zaki". Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne daga lokacin da jiragen kasa da aka yi amfani da su don kawo ma'adanai daga ma'adinai a cikin Sierra Alhamilla kuma sunadarai da aka yi šomišwa a cikin aikin hakar ma'adarai za su lalata rijiyoyin a cikin garin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lucainena to Agua Amarga line |url=http://www.faydon.com/Lucainena/Lucainena.html |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=Don Gaunt}}</ref> === Cape Gata === [[Fayil:Las-salinas-de-cabo-de-gata-iglesia-de-san-miguel.PNG|right|thumb|284x284px|'''Las Salinas de Cabo de Gata''']] The strip of beach known as Playa de San Miguel and the adjacent road stretches from the small village of Cabo de Gata to La Fabriquilla before ascending a tiny mountain pass toward the [http://wikimapia.org/8399695/es/Arrecife-De-Las-Sirenas Arrecife de las Sirenas] and the beaches beyond. This coastal strip is generally known as Cabo de Gata although it comprises several little smaller villages (pueblitos) including Cabo de Gata, Almadraba de Monteleva, and La Fabriquila. At Almadraba de Monteleva are the salt works that are still operational, next to the salt works are the ram-shackled and salt-blasted houses of former workers, some of which are still occupied. Opposite these houses is the church of San Miguel. Behind the salt works are the lagoons known as ''Las Salinas de Cabo de Gata''. Cabo de Gata has a tradition of fishing, which continues to this day, and there are several old fishing boats that have been left along the Playa de San Miguel as artifacts of days gone by. These are said to have an important ethnological value and are left as a "living museum" . === Carboneras === Garin Carboneras yana kusa da iyakar gabashin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata . Ya kasance ɗan ɗan bayan gari kuma yana kan hanyar zuwa Agua Amarga, bakin tekun naturist na Playa de los Muertos (Tekun Matattu). Carboneras kuma an san shi a matsayin garin kiɗan kai tsaye saboda Teatro de Musica da sauran ƙananan wurare da yawa waɗanda ke ɗaukar kiɗan kai tsaye duk shekara. A gefen yammacinta tana da yankin masana'antu wanda ya haɗu da tashar wutar lantarki, babban tashar siminti, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsire-tsire na turawa (reverse-osmosis), da tashar jiragen ruwa, waɗanda duk sun riga sun rigaya gidan shakatawa na ƙasa [ana hujja]. An yi amfani da tashar wutar lantarki don binciken kama carbon === Baƙar fata === Las Negras ƙauye ne da ke bakin teku zuwa ƙarshen gabashin wurin shakatawa kuma kawai zuwa yammacin Agua Amarga . === Abaricocs === Los Albaricoques ita ce garin Agua Caliente a cikin fina-finai na Sergio Leone . Harbi na karshe a cikin fim din Spaghetti na Yamma For a Few Dollars More ya faru ne a tsakiyar Los Albaricoques. Akwai shago daya da mashaya biyu kawai a Los Albaricoques. Ba da nisa da garin Los Albaricoques ba ne sanannen Cortijo del Fraile, tushen wasan kwaikwayo na Federico Garcia Lorca, Bodas de Sangre (Blood Wedding), wanda ke nuna laifin sha'awar da ya faru kusa da [ana buƙatar hujja].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}} === Níjar === Níjar tana cikin ƙasa kuma a gefen arewacin wurin shakatawa. Níjar tana karbar bakuncin zanga-zangar a ranar Semana Santa (Mekni Mai Tsarki). A cikin manyan garuruwa da birane da ke kewaye da Spain, waɗannan processions suna da kyau sosai ciki har da wasu lokuta wasu animatronics masu rikitarwa amma a cikin ƙananan garuruwa, kamar a Níjar, sun fi "ƙasa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-07 |title=Semana Santa |url=http://cabodegataphotography.wordpress.com/2012/04/07/semana-santa/ |access-date=2012-11-26 |publisher=Martyn Thompson (Cabo de Gata Photography)}}</ref> === Rodalquilar === [[Fayil:Playa-el-playazo.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Playa el Playazo-Daya daga cikin shahararrun rairayin bakin teku kusa da garin Rodalquilar]] Garin Rodalquilar yana zaune a tsakiyar Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata . Akwai zane-zane da yawa da ke nuna zane, daukar hoto, tukwane, da yumbu. An san Rodalaquilar a lardin Almería don ma'adinan zinariya na dā.<ref name="After the Goldrush"/> Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun rairayin bakin teku kusa da Rodalquilar shine Playa el Playazo . Wannan rairayin bakin teku yana da tsawon mita 400 da faɗin mita 30, kuma yashi yana da zinariya kuma yana da kyau.<ref name="cabogataalmeria">{{Cite web |title=El Playazo Beach |url=https://www.cabogataalmeria.com/en/Gata-Nature-Reserve/beach/Playazo-Beach-Spain-Rodalquilar.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=Cabo de Gata Nature Reserve }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dangane da yawancin rairayin bakin teku masu a tsakiya da kuma zuwa ƙarshen yammacin wurin shakatawa na halitta, tekun yana ba da kyan gani don snorkeling ko ruwa.  [ana yanayi hujja][].  El Playazo yana kewaye da wani dutse da Castle na Saint Ramon.  An gina wannan katafaren gini a karni na 18 domin bakin tekun Almería ya kare kansa daga hatsarin teku.<ref name="cabogataalmeria"/> Rodalquilar ita ce garin Rodalquilares Gold Mine, wanda ke aiki lokaci-lokaci daga zamanin Roman zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1960. An gano sabon ma'adinin Rodalquilarite a can. An yi amfani da aikin ma'adinai da aka watsar don shirya fim din bayan apocalyptic === San Jose === [[Fayil:San-jose-from-campillo-de-los-genoveses.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Garin '''San Jose''']] San José karamin tashar kamun kifi ne a tsakiyar wurin shakatawa kuma ana iya isa daga Filin jirgin saman Almería da Autovia A-7. Ya fi shahara a lokacin bazara da watanni na rani, saboda ayyukan da rairayin bakin teku na San José zasu iya bayarwa kamar snorkel ko iyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Las playas y calas más paradisiacas de Cabo de Gata |url=https://www.vipealo.com/blog/las-playas-y-calas-mas-paradisiacas-de-cabo-de-gata/ |access-date=10 November 2020 |website=Vipealo |archive-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122020746/https://www.vipealo.com/blog/las-playas-y-calas-mas-paradisiacas-de-cabo-de-gata/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ofishin yawon bude ido na cikin gida yana ba da ma'anar bincike don ayyukan da ke cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata . Akwai ƙananan garuruwa da ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata, misali, Campohermoso, Fernán Pérez, Isleta del Moro, Los Escullos, Pozo de los Frailes, da San Isidro. == Tsire-tsire == [[Fayil:Chamaerops_humilis_(Zingaro)015.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Itacen dabino na Turai (Chamaerops humilis) alama ce ta farko ta wurin shakatawa.]] [[Fayil:Agave-pita-plant.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Agave (Pita) wata alama ce ta wurin shakatawa, idan ba duka lardin Almería ba.]] Akwai fiye da shuke-shuke 1,000 da aka rubuta a cikin ajiyar, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata kuma sun zama alamomin wurin shakatawa na halitta. Gidan shakatawa na Cabo de Gata ya gabatar da yanayin yanayi na musamman, wanda ke ba da damar tsire-tsire su yi amfani da ruwan sama. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun bambanta sosai, suna tsira da yanayi kuma suna daidaitawa da halaye na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flora Terrestre |url=https://myalmeria.com/cabo-de-gata/info/118-flora-terrestre |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=myalmeria}}</ref>  Itacen dabino na Turai (Chamaerops humilis) itace dabino mai kama da itace, tare da rassan da yawa da ke girma daga tushe ɗaya. Ita ce kawai nau'in dabino na asali a nahiyar Turai kuma galibi ana samun ta a kudu maso yammacin Turai (Spain, Portugal, Italiya, Malta, da wasu wurare a bakin tekun Bahar Rum na Faransa) da arewa maso yammacin Afirka (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia). Itacen dabino na asali na Turai kawai yana ba da karancin ruwa mai zurfi tare da Raɓa da danshi mai iska. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Agave americana (Pita) === === Dragoncillo del Cabo === Wasu daga cikin tsire-tsire da ke cikin Parque Natural de Cabo de Gata sun haɗa da pink snapdragon (''Antirrhinum charidemi''), wanda aka sani da mazauna yankin da ''Dragoncillo del Cabo'' . Wannan tsire-tsire mai kama da shi ana kiransa ''Dragoncillo del Cabo'' saboda furanni suna da ruwan hoda tare da jijiyoyi masu duhu. Yana girma a cikin raguwar dutse, gangaren duwatsu, da gangaren dutsen wuta kusa da teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Botánica e historia |url=https://www.cabodegata.net/esecotsk.html |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=Amigos del Parque Natural Cabo de Gata - Níjar}}</ref> A kusa da filayen gishiri akwai yankuna na saltwort, kara na yau da kullun (''Phragmites australis''), da glasswort (Salicornia fruticosa). A cikin ruwan bakin teku akwai gadaje masu yawa na ciyawa (''Posidonia oceanica''), wanda ke da alaƙa da Bahar Rum, da nau'ikan nau'ikan teku 260. == Dabbobi == [[Fayil:Flamingo.greater.flaps.750pix.jpg|right|thumb|410x410px|Ana iya ganin dubban flamingos mafi girma a kan gishiri da ke kusa da tudun]] [[Fayil:Flughahn.jpg|right|thumb|284x284px|Jirgin sama (''Dactylopterus volitans'') ]] An rubuta nau'ikan dabbobi 1,100 a cikin wurin shakatawa, mafi yawansu tsuntsaye ne. Tarayyar Turai ta sanya Yankin Karewa na Musamman don rayuwar tsuntsaye. Gidan gishiri yana ba da muhimmiyar wurin zama ga tsuntsaye mazauna da dubban tsuntsaye masu ƙaura waɗanda ke tsayawa a kan tafiyarsu tsakanin Turai da Afirka. Dabbobi da aka samo a kusa da filayen gishiri sun haɗa da flamingos (''Phoenicopterus roseus''); launin toka (''Ardea cinerea''); [[Jan ƙarago|purple herons]] (''Ardea purpurea''); storks; Cranes; waders ciki har da avocets da oystercatchers; da kuma [[Agwagwa|Ducks]] masu wucewa. Yawancin nau'o'in lark suna zaune a kan tsaunuka, gami da rare Dupont's lark (''Chersophilus duponti''). Har ila yau akwai ƙananan bustards (''Tetrax tetrax'') da dutse curlews (''Burhinus oedicnemus''). Tsuntsayen teku sun haɗa da Gulls masu launin rawaya (''Larus michahellis''), terns, razorbills (''Alca torda''), shags, wani lokaci puffin (''Fratercula arctica'') ko Cory's shearwater (''Calonectris diomedea''), da Balearic shearwaters (''Puffinus mauretanicus''). Dukiyar rayuwar dabba tana ba da ganima ga raptors da yawa: ospreys (''Pandion haliaetus''), falcons peregrine (''Falco peregrinus''), Kestrels (''Falco tinnunculus''), da [[Mikiya|gaggafa]]. Kimanin nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 15 suna samuwa a cikin wurin shakatawa, gami da lizards na bango na Italiya (''Podarcis sicula''), lizards (''Timon lepidus''), macijin ciyawa (''Natrix natrix''), da Lataste's viper (''Vipera latastei''). Gidan ajiyar teku yana da nau'o'in crustaceans, molluscs, da [[kifi]] daban-daban ciki har da Cuttlefish na yau da kullun (''Sepia officinalis''), ''Pinna nobilis'' clam (wanda ke samar da siliki na teku), Mediterranean moray (Muraena helena), wanda Romawa suka ɗauka a matsayin abincin daɗi, garfish (''Belone belone''), da gurnard mai tashi (''Dactylopterus volitans''), wanda ke amfani da fukafukan kirji don "yi tafiya" tare da teku. Seaweeds suna karɓar kifi kamar su bream da grouper. Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin wurin shakatawa akwai nau'ikan Halitta na yau da kullun (''Genetta genetta''), naman alade (Sus ''Scrofa''), gidan lambu (''Eliomys quercinus''), da kuma mafi ƙanƙanta weasel (''Mustela nivalis''), wanda shine mafi ƙanshin dabbobi masu cin nama na duniya. An yi amfani da ciyawa don samar da wurin zama ga hatimi mai haɗari (''Monachus monachus''). Har zuwa shekarun 1960 yana daya daga cikin wuraren karshe inda wannan hatimi ya girma a Spain, tsibirin Tabarca shine ɗayan. Kodayake a wasu lokuta ana ganin su a bakin teku, babu hatimi da suka haifa a wurin shakatawa tun 1965.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Monachus Monachus |url=http://www.mma.es/secciones/biodiversidad/especies_amenazadas/vertebrados/libro_rojo_vert/pdf/FOCA_MONJE.pdf |access-date=23 November 2006 |publisher=[[Ministerio de Medio Ambiente]] (Ministry of the Environment) |language=es}}</ref> == Kafofin watsa labarai == An yi fina-finai masu ban sha'awa a wurin shakatawa, a Playa de Mónsul, kamar ''Antony da Cleopatra'' (1972), The NeverEnding Story (1984), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), Indiana Jones da Last Crusade (1989), da Talk to Her (2002). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Almería: picturesque beaches and awesome plans |url=https://www.spain.info/en/discover-spain/almeria-beaches-cinema/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Spain-Info.en}}</ref> Yawancin fim din Sexy Beast na 2000 an harbe shi a wani gida a Agua Amarga . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sexy Beast 2000 |url=https://movie-locations.com/movies/s/Sexy-Beast.php |access-date=10 June 2025 |publisher=Movie-Locations.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cegzqcg8efcmi89dps64vwpz6ndtf2r Guguwar Hyacinthe 0 110323 891561 688695 2026-08-05T03:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cyclone Hyacinthe''' ita ce Guguwa mafi zafi a rubuce a duk duniya. Guguwa ta takwas mai suna na kakar, Hyacinthe ta samo asali ne a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1980, zuwa arewa maso gabashin [[Moris|Mauritius]] a kudancin [[Tekun Indiya]]. Da farko ya koma yamma- kudu maso yamma, kuma yayin da yake karuwa a hankali ya wuce arewacin sashen kasashen waje na Faransa na Réunion. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, Météo-France ta kiyasta cewa guguwar ta kara karfi zuwa guguwa mai zafi. Hyacinthe ya yi juyawa zuwa kudancin gabashin [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] kuma ya raunana, kodayake ya sake ƙarfafawa bayan ya juya zuwa gabas. Guguwar ta sake yin wani madauki zuwa kudu maso yammacin Réunion, ta wuce kusa da tsibirin a Taron na biyu kuma daga baya na uku. Hyacinthe ya zama extratropical a ranar 29 ga Janairu bayan ya juya zuwa kudu, ya ɓace bayan kwana biyu.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kwanaki goma sha biyu, Hyacinthe ya zubar da ruwan sama mai yawa a Réunion; kusan dukkanin tsibirin sun sami sama da 1 metre (3.3 ft) na hazo. kwanaki 15 daga Janairu 14 zuwa Janairu 28, an rubuta ruwan sama na 6,083 millimetres (239.5 in) in) a Commerson Crater, caldera na dutsen wuta. Ruwan sama mafi girma ya faru ne ta hanyar tsari da ake kira orographic lift a cikin tsaunuka, wanda ya haifar da daruruwan rushewar ƙasa. Ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata rabin hanyoyi a Réunion kuma ta ware ƙauyuka uku. Hyacinthe ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga amfanin gona kuma ya lalata ko ya lalata gidaje 2,000. Asarar daga guguwar ta kai dala miliyan 167 (1980 USD, miliyan 676), kuma an kashe mutane 25. == Tarihin yanayi == A tS watan Janairun 1980, Yankin Intertropical Convergence ya ci gaba Taron da 10 ° S, yana haifar da karamin yaduwa a kusa da St. Brandon.<ref name="mad">{{Cite journal |last=La Météorlogie, Service de la Réunion |year=1981 |title=La Saison Cyclonique 1979-1980 A Madagascar |url=http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/rev-geo38_7_.pdf |journal=Madagascar: Revue de Géographie |language=French |volume=38 |issue=Janv-Juin 1981 |page=116 |access-date=2013-04-13 |archive-date=2018-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415113901/http://madarevues.recherches.gov.mg/IMG/pdf/rev-geo38_7_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar Météo-France (MFR), wani mummunan yanayi na wurare masu zafi ya kafa kimanin kilomita {{Convert|355|km|mi}} (221 arewa maso gabashin [[Moris|Mauritius]] a ranar 15 ga Janairu. [nb 2] Ya bi zuwa yamma- kudu maso yamma, yana wucewa arewacin tsibirin a ranar 17 ga Janairu. A wannan rana, Cibiyar Gargadi ta Hadari (JTWC) ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa wani mummunan yanayi na wurare masu zafi ya samo asali, yana ba shi mai ganowa "08S". Ba da daɗewa ba, JTWC ta inganta matsalar zuwa guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, kuma MFR ta bi hakan a ranar 18 ga Janairu, tana kiran guguwar Hyacinthe. <ref name="mf" /> Guguwar ta kara karfi a hankali yayin da ta wuce arewacin Réunion, tare da iskar minti 1 na {{Convert|110|km/h|mph}} km / h (68 a ranar 19 ga Janairu, a cewar JTWC.<ref name="jtwc" /> A wannan rana, ido ya ci gaba, <ref name="mad" /> kuma MFR ya kiyasta cewa Hyacinthe ya kara karfi zuwa matsayin guguwa na wurare masu zafi, tare da iskõki na minti 10 na {{Convert|120|km/h|mph}} km / h (75 . <ref name="mf" /> Wani karfafa anticyclone zuwa kudu ya juya guguwar zuwa arewa maso yamma, <ref name="mad" /> kuma a ranar 20 ga Janairu, Hyacinthe ya aiwatar da karamin madauki zuwa kudu, kawai a gabashin Madagascar. <ref name="mf" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Tasirin == [[Fayil:Saint-Pierre_boulevard_Bank_cyclone_Hyacinthe_19_janvier_1980.JPG|right|thumb|Hanyar da aka wanke a Saint-Pierre, Réunion]]A ko'ina cikin Réunion, Hyacinthe ya kashe mutane 25 kuma ya bar 7,000 ba tare da gida ba. Hudu daga cikin mutuwar sun faru ne bayan an wanke gidan a Petite-Île. An lalata makarantar a Saint-Louis. Guguwar ta haifar da wutar lantarki da ruwa, kuma kusan kashi 30% na tsibirin sun rasa sabis na waya na ɗan lokaci. Hyacinthe ya lalata gidaje 1,712 kuma ya lalata wasu 288; lalacewar gidaje sun kai kimanin dala miliyan 42 (1980 USD, miliyan 170 francs). Ambaliyar ruwa ta haifar da dala miliyan 48 (1980 USD, miliyan 194 francs) a cikin lalacewar aikin gona, gami da kimanin shanu 1,000 da aka kashe da kusan asarar [[ayaba]], [[Mangwaro|mango]], da avocado. An kiyasta lalacewar da ta kai dala miliyan 167 (miliyan 676). Yawancin rikodin da guguwar ta kafa sun karya ta hanyar Cyclone Gamede a cikin 2007, gami da tarin ruwan sama daga kwana uku zuwa takwas. Koyaya, Hyacinthe ya riƙe matsayinsa a matsayin guguwa mafi zafi gaba ɗaya.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A wani wuri, Hyacinthe ya shafi Madagascar a matsayin guguwa mai rauni. Iska ta kai {{Convert|126|km/h|mph}} km / h (78 a Mananjary da {{Convert|111|km/h|mph}} km / h (69 a Île Sainte-Marie. A wurare guda biyu, ruwan sama ya kai 207 da 134 in), bi da bi.<ref name="mad"/> A Mauritius, hanyar guguwar ta tilasta babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta rufe.<ref name="mwl">{{Cite journal |last=Dick DeAngelis |date=May–June 1980 |title=Hurricane Alley |journal=Mariners Weather Log |publisher=United States Department of Commerce |volume=24 |page=201}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin guguwa mafi zafi ta ƙasa * Guguwa mai zafi a Tsibirin Mascarene * Cyclone Dina (2002) - ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a Réunion. == Manazarta == 9vf5mvymtfgw233aliu4hj6vh41biem Fure-fure 0 111927 891467 693802 2026-08-04T20:28:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Flores''' ɗaya ne daga cikin [[Lesser Sunda Islands|Tsibirin Sunda mafi ƙanƙanta]], rukunin tsibiran da ke gabashin rabin [[Indonesiya]] . A tsarin mulki, ya zama tsibiri mafi girma a [[East Nusa Tenggara|Gabashin Nusa Tenggara]] . Yankin yana 14,250&nbsp;<sup>km2</sup> . Ciki har da tsibiran [[Komodo (island)|Komodo]] da [[Rinca]] daga gabar tekun yamma (amma ban da tsibirin [[Solor Archipelago]] zuwa gabashin Flores), yawan jama'a ya kasance 1,878,875 a cikin ƙidayar 2020 (ciki har da tsibiran teku daban-daban); Ƙididdigar hukuma a tsakiyar 2024 ya kasance 2,014,110. Manyan garuruwa sune [[Ende, Indonesia|Ende]] da [[Maumere]] . Sunan ''Flores'' na asalin [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]] ne, ma'ana "Flowers". Flores yana gabas da Sumbawa da tsibirin Komodo, da yammacin tsibirin Solor da Alor Archipelago . Zuwa kudu maso gabas [[Timor]] ne. A kudu, ƙetare mashigin Sumba, tsibirin Sumba ne, kuma a arewa, bayan Tekun Flores, [[Sulawesi]] ne. Daga cikin dukkan tsibiran da ke dauke da yankin Indonesiya, Flores shine na 10 mafi yawan jama'a bayan [[Java]], [[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]] ( Kalimantan ), [[Sulawesi]], [[Sabuwar Gini|New Guinea]], Bali, Madura, Lombok, da [[Timor]], da kuma tsibirin Indonesia na 10 mafi girma . Har zuwa zuwan mutane na zamani, Flores yana zaune ta ''Homo floresiensis'', ɗan ƙaramin ɗan adam . == Etymology == Ba kamar yawancin tsibiran da ke cikin tsibiran Indonesiya ba, sunan zamani na ''Flores'' ya fito ne daga Fotigal. A cewar Sareng Orin Bao (1969), al'adar baka ta yankin [[Sikka Regency|Sikka]] ta ba wa tsibirin asalin sunan Nusa Nipa, {{Efn|Maasin, one of the oldest towns in [[Southern Leyte]] (Philippines), was also called Nipa.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Maasin city|website=southernleyte.gov.ph|url=https://southernleyte.gov.ph/maasin-city/maasin-city-history/|access-date=2024-06-10}}</ref>}} ma'ana 'Tsibirin Dragon' <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Where Do Indonesian Islands' Names Come From ? |url=http://thespicerouteend.com/where-do-indonesian-islands-name-come-from/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=thespicerouteend.com}}</ref> ko tsibirin Snake. ( ''Nipa nai'' yana nufin "macizai masu hawa"; ''kaju nipa nai'' sunan itacen da ba'a gane shi ba {{Sfn|Forth|2009a}} bawon kama da fatar maciji, amma kuma yana iya nufin "driftwood", ko kowane irin itacen da aka wanke a cikin ruwa. ya gabatar da hujjoji iri-iri da ke ba da wannan fassarar, har yanzu ba a da tabbas ko wannan a haƙiƙanin amfani ne na gargajiya, ko kuma a kowane hali wanda aka sani a ko'ina cikin Flores". Hakanan an ambaci sunayen ''Tandjoeng Bunga'' ko ''Tanjung Bunga'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flores surga kita > History & Flores today |url=https://www.travel2flores.info/planning/facts-flores/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=travel2flores.info}}</ref> da ''Pulau Bunga'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Flores |url=https://www.komodotouristic.com/flores/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=komodotouristic.com}}</ref> . == Tarihi == === Tarihi === Kafin zuwan mutanen zamani, ''Homo floresiensis'', ɗan ƙaramin ɗan adam ne ya mamaye Flores. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baab |first=Karen L. |last2=McNulty |first2=Kieran P. |last3=Harvati |first3=Katerina |year=2013 |title=Homo floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Human Samples |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=e69119 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...869119B |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069119 |pmc=3707875 |pmid=23874886 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kakannin ''Homo floresiensis'' sun isa tsibirin tsakanin 1.3 da 1 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=van den Bergh |first=Gerrit D. |last2=Alloway |first2=Brent V. |last3=Storey |first3=Michael |last4=Setiawan |first4=Ruly |last5=Yurnaldi |first5=Dida |last6=Kurniawan |first6=Iwan |last7=Moore |first7=Mark W. |last8=Jatmiko |last9=Brumm |first9=Adam |last10=Flude |first10=Stephanie |last11=Sutikna |first11=Thomas |last12=Setiyabudi |first12=Erick |last13=Prasetyo |first13=Unggul W. |last14=Puspaningrum |first14=Mika R. |last15=Yoga |first15=Ifan |date=October 2022 |title=An integrative geochronological framework for the Pleistocene So'a basin (Flores, Indonesia), and its implications for faunal turnover and hominin arrival |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379122003523 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=294 |pages=107721 |bibcode=2022QSRv..29407721V |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107721 |s2cid=252290750 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kamar yadda na 2015, an sami wani ɓangare na mutane goma sha biyar, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaifu |first=Yousuke |last2=Kono |first2=Reiko T. |last3=Sutikna |first3=Thomas |last4=Saptomo |first4=E. Wahyu |last5=Jatmiko |last6=Rokus Due Awe |last7=Baba |first7=Hisao |date=2015 |title=Descriptions of the dental remains of ''Homo floresiensis'' |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282740723 |journal=Anthropological Science |volume=123 |issue=2 |pages=129–145 |doi=10.1537/ase.150501 |access-date=2024-06-20}}</ref> <ref name="Brown_et_al_20042">{{Cite journal |last=Brown, P. |display-authors=etal<!---|coauthors=Sutikna, T.; Morwood, M. J.; Soejono, R. P.; Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo, E.; Rokus Awe Due---> |date=27 October 2004 |title=A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15287/files/PAL_E2586.pdf |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=431 |issue=7012 |pages=1055–1061 |bibcode=2004Natur.431.1055B |doi=10.1038/nature02999 |pmid=15514638 |s2cid=26441}}</ref> <ref name="Morwood052">{{Cite journal |last=Morwood, M. J. |display-authors=etal<!---|coauthors=Brown, P.; Jatmiko, Sutikna, T.; Wahyu Saptomo, E.; Westaway, K. E.; Rokus Awe Due; Roberts, R. G.; Maeda, T.; Wasisto, S.; Djubiantono, T.---> |date=13 October 2005 |title=Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=437 |issue=7061 |pages=1012–1017 |bibcode=2005Natur.437.1012M |doi=10.1038/nature04022 |pmid=16229067 |s2cid=4302539}}</ref> kuma mafi rinjayen ra'ayi shine cewa waɗannan ragowar suna wakiltar wani nau'i ne na musamman saboda bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta daga mutanen zamani. <ref name="Argue20172">{{Cite journal |last=Argue |first=Debbie |last2=Groves |first2=Colin P. |date=21 April 2017 |title=The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=107 |pages=107–133 |bibcode=2017JHumE.107..107A |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.006 |pmid=28438318 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Shaidu na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa ''Homo floresiensis'' mai yiwuwa ya ɓace shekaru 50,000 da suka gabata, a daidai lokacin da ɗan adam ya isa tsibirin tsibirin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sutikna |first=Thomas |last2=Tocheri |first2=Matthew W. |last3=Morwood |first3=Michael J. |last4=Saptomo |first4=E. Wahyu |last5=Jatmiko |last6=Awe |first6=Rokus Due |last7=Wasisto |first7=Sri |last8=Westaway |first8=Kira E. |last9=Aubert |first9=Maxime |last10=Li |first10=Bo |last11=Zhao |first11=Jian-xin |last12=Storey |first12=Michael |last13=Alloway |first13=Brent V. |last14=Morley |first14=Mike W. |last15=Meijer |first15=Hanneke J. M. |display-authors=3 |year=2016 |title=Revised stratigraphy and chronology for Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua in Indonesia |url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/3778 |journal=Nature |volume=532 |issue=7599 |pages=366–369 |bibcode=2016Natur.532..366S |doi=10.1038/nature17179 |pmid=27027286 |s2cid=4469009}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Fayil:Homo_Florensiensis-MGL_95216-P5030051-white.jpg| ''H. floresiensis'' skull, Cantonal Museum of Geology, Switzerland Fayil:Homo_floresiensis_cave.jpg|alt=Liang Bua Cave, where the specimens were discovered| Kogon Liang Bua, inda aka gano samfuran </gallery> === Tarihin zamani === [[Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Bewoner_uit_Ende_op_Flores_staat_klaar_voor_de_jacht_of_de_strijd_TMnr_60028899.jpg|thumb|Jarumi na asali daga Ende, Flores, kafin 1938.]] Mai yiwuwa [[Mutanen Melanesia|Melanesia]] ne suka fara zama Flores aƙalla tun daga 30,000 BC. ’Yan kasuwan Portuguese da masu mishan sun zo Flores a ƙarni na 16, galibi zuwa Larantuka da Sikka . Har yanzu ana iya gane tasirinsu a yare, al'ada, da addinin Sikka. Ziyarar Portuguese ta farko ta faru a cikin 1511, ta hanyar balaguron António de Abreu da mataimakinsa Francisco Serrão, suna kan hanyar tsibiran Sunda. == Tattalin Arziki == Baya ga yawon bude ido, manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki a kan Flores sune noma, kamun kifi, da noman ciyawa. Abubuwan amfanin gona na farko da ake nomawa a kan Flores sune [[shinkafa]], [[masara]], [[Dankali|dankalin turawa]] da [[rogo]], yayin da manyan kayan amfanin gona suka hada da [[Coffee|kofi]], [[Attagara|kwakwa]], [[Candle nut|goro]] da kuma [[cashew]] . Flores ɗaya ne daga cikin sabbin tushen [[Indonesian coffee|kofi na Indonesiya]] . A baya can, yawancin kofi na Arabica ( ''[[Coffea arabica]]'' ) daga Flores an haɗa shi da wasu asali. Yanzu, buƙatun yana haɓaka don wannan kofi saboda wadatar jikinsa da zaki, cakulan, fure, da bayanin kula na itace. A cikin 1980s, an ƙarfafa noman auduga don samar da kuɗin shiga ga matalauta manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keefer |first=G.D. |last2=Ladewig |first2=J. |last3=Diarini |first3=P. |date=1989 |title=Cotton yield predictions for Lombok and Flores – Indonesia |url=http://agronomyaustraliaproceedings.org/images/sampledata/1989/contributed/crop/p1-45.pdf |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=agronomyaustraliaproceedings.org |series=Australian Agronomy Conference (1989) |archive-date=2024-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609145250/http://agronomyaustraliaproceedings.org/images/sampledata/1989/contributed/crop/p1-45.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana shuka shi a cikin ƙananan wurare na tsibirin. <ref name="hoopn_ikat2">{{Cite web |last=Peter ten Hoopen |title=Ikat from Ngadha, Indonesia |url=https://ikat.us/ikat_flores%20group_ngadha.php |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=ikat.us |publisher=Online Museum of Indonesian ikat textiles, curator: Dr Peter Ten Hoopen |ref={{SfnRef|Hoopen|, ''ikat.us''}}}}</ref> [[Jackfruit]], wanda ke faruwa a ko'ina cikin tsibirin Indonesiya - da kuma sauran wurare -, ana noma shi musamman a cikin [[Manggarai Regency|Manggarai]] da [[Sikka Regency|Sikka]] regencies, kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin kowane tsarin mulki. <ref name="yellow2">{{Cite web |title=Yellow dyes |url=http://www.asiantextilestudies.com/yellow.html |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=asiantextilestudies.com}}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:SundaIslands.A2003242.0225.500m.jpg|alt=The Lesser Sunda Islands with Flores in the upper right| Ƙananan Tsibirin Sunda tare da Flores a saman dama Fayil:Flores_Moni_Kelimutu.jpg|alt=Kelimutu| Kelimatu Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Ruines_van_een_Portugees_fort_uit_de_16e_eeuw_op_Poelau_Ende_Midden-Flores_TMnr_10001790.jpg|alt=Ruins of a Portuguese fort, dating from the 16th century near Ende.| Rushewar katangar Portuguese, tun daga ƙarni na 16 kusa da Ende . Fayil:Ngada_megalith.jpg|alt=An ancient Ngada megalith| Tsohon Ngada megalith Fayil:BilanSina1.jpg|alt=Dancers in Watublapi| Masu rawa a Watublapi Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Man_met_hoofddoek_en_borstsieraden_van_een_kampong_te_Flores_TMnr_10005924.jpg|alt=Villager with a headdress and chest ornamentation| Kauye mai adon kai da adon kirji </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Tsibirin Indonesiya]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lt3u5z29f1na274pnk9znyp5mo899y9 Filin wasa na MOSiR (Bystrzyca) 0 112582 891428 695597 2026-08-04T18:23:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891428 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Filin wasa MOSiR Bystrzyca''' wanda kuma aka sani da '''filin wasa na Minicpal''' ko Z5 filin wasa ne mai amfani da yawa a Lublin, Poland. A halin yanzu ana amfani da shi don hanyar gudun babur da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa. Filin wasan yana dauke da mutane 13,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Stadion MOSiR-u Bystrzyca w Lublinie |url=http://arenysportowe.eu/s/pl/stadion-mosir-lublin/ |access-date=March 2, 2017 |website= |publisher=arenysportowe.eu |language=pl |archive-date=February 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214034506/http://arenysportowe.eu/s/pl/stadion-mosir-lublin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyar Motar Lublin ke amfani da wurin, <ref name="ML">{{Cite web |title=O Stadionie |url=https://mosir.lublin.pl/obiekty/stadion-miejski/o-stadionie/ |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Mosir Lublin}}</ref> waɗanda ke fafatawa a Gasar Team Speedway Polish Championship . <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=36–37}}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina filin wasan ne a cikin 1948 kuma daga baya ƙungiyar babur ta Lublin ta ƙara filin wasan. Daga 1958 zuwa 1962 filin wasan ya kasance a rufe saboda babu wata tawagar gaggawa da ta wanzu a Lublin. <ref name="SDB">{{Cite web |title=Stadion MOSiR Bystrzyca – stadium description |url=http://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/pol/stadion_mosir_bystrzyca |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Stadium DB}}</ref> Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ya biyo baya a cikin 1970 kuma wurin ya karbi bakuncin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Motar Lublin, gami da shekarun da suke cikin Ekstraklasa (manyan rukuni) a cikin 1980s. Filin wasan ya gudanar da gasar cin kofin Poland na 1979 kuma a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1983, yawan halartar 30,000 ya ga Motar Lublin yana wasa Resovia . <ref name="SDB"/> A cikin Yuli 2007, filin wasan ya yi gyare-gyare na wani yanki (ciki har da shigar da ƙarin kujeru), wajibi ne don samun lasisi don yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyu a lokacin. An gudanar da babban ɓangare na aikin haɓakawa tare da taimakon taimakon masu sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa na Lublin. Shirye-shiryen sun hada da kara sabunta filin wasan domin daukar kusan 'yan kallo 17,800. Za a gudanar da ayyukan a cikin shekaru daga 2008 zuwa 2010, kuma an kiyasta kudin sake ginawa a [[Polish złoty|Poland zloty]] miliyan 115. Babban dan kasuwan Warsaw SPAK Studio Projektowe ne zai gudanar da aikin gaba daya. A ƙarshe, duk da haka, an yanke shawarar cewa a shekara ta 2013 birnin zai gina wani sabon filin wasa na birni mai suna [[Arena Lublin]] a harabar tsohuwar Lublin Sugar Plant. A cikin 2018, babban gyaran wucin gadi wanda aka kammala. <ref name="SDB"/> A cikin 2021, filin wasan ya sami damar karbar bakuncin zagaye biyu na FIM 2021 Speedway Grand Prix (gasar cin kofin duniya), bin kalandar da aka sake tsarawa saboda tasirin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|cutar COVID-19]] a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Calendar |url=https://www.speedwaygp.com/calendar |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503062756/http://speedwaygp.com/calendar |archive-date=3 May 2011 |access-date=29 July 2021 |website=Speedway GP}}</ref> Bartosz Zmarzlik da Artem Laguta ne suka lashe abubuwan da suka faru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEEDWAY GP: LAGUTA CLOSES GAP WITH LUBLIN WIN |url=https://www.fim-moto.com/en/news/news-detail/article/speedway-gp-laguta-closes-gap-with-lublin-win |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=FIM}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g1nhrkb399i97ohb6tz3msatlneazkm Gidan Karami 0 112844 891539 696316 2026-08-04T23:19:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891539 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Dome''' Dome babban dutse ne a Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, [[California]] . == Wuri == Puppy Dome yana kudu da [[Dome na Lembert|Lembert Dome]], kuma kudu maso yamma na Moraine Flat. Puppy Dome yana ƙetare daga [[Dome na Lembert|Lembert Dome]] . <ref name="Puppy Dome">{{Cite web |title=Puppy Dome |url=https://mapcarta.com/23116068 |access-date=3 February 2019 |publisher=mapcarta.com}}</ref> Ta ma'auni a Tuolumne, Dome Dome yana daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta gida a cikin Yosemite National Park, kusa da mafi girma [[Dome na Lembert|Lembert Dome]] . Yawancin abubuwan da suka fi gigita yankin sun firgita sosai har suna tafiya ba tare da sanin cewa {{Convert|200|ft|m}} zuwa. <ref name="Puppy Dome California, United States, North America">{{Cite web |last=Marcsoltan |title=Puppy Dome California, United States, North America |url=https://www.summitpost.org/puppy-dome/647234 |access-date=3 February 2019 |publisher=summitpost.org}}</ref> Kusa da gindin Dome Dome shine Puppy Dome Falls, akan Dana Fork na Kogin Tuolumne . <ref name="Puppy Dome Falls - Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River - Yosemite National Park">{{Cite web |title=Puppy Dome Falls - Dana Fork of the Tuolumne River - Yosemite National Park |url=https://mapio.net/pic/p-41157876/ |access-date=3 February 2019 |publisher=mapio.net |archive-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204122508/https://mapio.net/pic/p-41157876/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dome Dome karami ne, amma daga samansa, kuna samun ra'ayi mara kyau na Tuolumne Meadows . Gabas, zaku iya ganin Tioga Pass da Dutsen Dana . Yamma, zaku iya ganin Cathedral Peak kuma zuwa arewa, [[Dome na Lembert|Lembert Dome]] . <ref name="Puppy Dome California, United States, North America"/> == Samun zuwa Dome Dome == Puppy Dome yana kusa da titin [[Tuolumne Meadows's|Tuolumne Meadows]] da filin ajiye motoci, tare da hanya ta mintuna 5. <ref name="Puppy Dome Rock Climbing2">{{Cite web |last=Morimitsu, Art |date=March 2, 2007 |title=Puppy Dome Rock Climbing |url=https://www.mountainproject.com/area/105926064/puppy-dome |access-date=3 February 2019 |publisher=mountainproject.com}}</ref> == Tafiya Dome Dome == Mutum na iya tafiya sama da Dome Dome ta hanyar tafiya a tsaka- tsakin dutsen dutse mai kusurwa na fuskar gabas. Hawan sama, suna da sauƙi, jin daɗi, amma tabbatar da saukowa a hankali, kamar idan kun zame, ƙila ba za ku iya tsayawa ba. Tabbatar cewa kuna da takalma masu dacewa; gwada iyawar ku na tafiya a kan waɗannan fale-falen ta hanyar hawa sama da ƙasa na farko kafin yin hawan duka. <ref name="Puppy Dome California, United States, North America"/> == Hawan dutse == == Manazarta == [[Fayil:Never_give_up_(14608138866).jpg|right|thumb|Dutsen dutse akan Dome Dome]] {{Reflist}} oc5jasqlqm9ru6irsln0yf0s3xkc5rl Garkuwa da amarya 0 113489 891515 698016 2026-08-04T21:35:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Evariste-Vital_Luminais_-_Pirates_normands_au_IXe_siècle.jpg|alt=|thumb|313x313px|Hoton Vikings suna satar wata mace. Maza na Viking sau da yawa sukan sace mata na kasashen waje don [[aure]] ko ƙwaraƙwalwa daga ƙasashen da suka sace. An kwatanta shi da mai zane na Faransa Évariste Vital Luminais a karni na 19.]] [[Fayil:Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld_Bibel_in_Bildern_1860_083.png|right|thumb|Benjaminites sun kama mata daga Shiloh a cikin wannan katako na 1860 na Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld . Babu isasshen mata don aure bayan babban asarar da aka yi a yakin Gibeah.]] '''Garkuwa da amarya''', wanda aka fi sani da '''aure ta hanyar sacewa''' ko '''aure ta hanyar kamawa''', al'ada ce inda namiji ya sace matar da yake so ya aure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Captured Hearts |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/out-of-eden-walk/articles/2017-06-captured-hearts/ |access-date=25 July 2019 |website=www.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=12 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712111332/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/out-of-eden-walk/articles/2017-06-captured-hearts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi satar amarya (saboda haka portmanteau bridenapping <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2011 |title='Bridenapping': a growing hidden crime |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/bridenapping-ndash-a-growing-hidden-crime-2367811.html |access-date=25 July 2019 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>) a duk faɗin duniya da kuma a cikin tarihin da tarihi, tsakanin mutane daban-daban kamar Hmong a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Tzeltal a Mexico, da Romani a Turai. Har yanzu satar amarya tana faruwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya, amma ya fi yawa a Caucasus, [[Pakistan]], [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], da wasu sassan [[Afirka]]. A mafi yawan kasashe, satar amarya ana daukar ta a matsayin [[Sex crime|Laifin jima'i]] saboda abin da ke tattare da fyade, maimakon ingantaccen [[Types of marriages|nau'in aure]]. Wasu nau'ikan kuma ana iya ganin su a matsayin suna fadawa tsakanin [[Auren dole|auren tilasta]] da [[Arranged marriage|auren da aka shirya]]. Kalmar wani lokaci ana rikitar da shi tare da [[Elopement|tserewa]], inda ma'aurata suka gudu tare kuma suka nemi yardar iyayensu daga baya. A wasu lokuta, matar tana ba da hadin kai ko kuma ta yarda da satar, yawanci a kokarin adana fuska ga kanta ko iyayenta. A cikin yankuna da yawa, ana ƙarfafa wannan ta hanyar abin da ake kira dokokin aure-mai fyade. Ko da a cikin ƙasashe inda aikin ya saba wa doka, idan tilasta bin shari'a ba ta da ƙarfi, dokar al'ada ("al'adun gargajiya") na iya rinjaye. Garkuwa da amarya sau da yawa (amma ba koyaushe ba) wani nau'i ne na auren yara. Ana iya danganta shi da aikin Farashin amarya, dukiyar da ango da iyalinsa suka biya wa iyayen amarya, da rashin iyawa ko rashin son biyan shi. Garkuwa da amarya ya bambanta da raptio a cikin cewa tsohon yana nufin sace mace daya da namiji daya (da abokansa da dangi), kuma har yanzu yana da yawa, yayin da ƙarshen yana nufin sace ''[[Raptio|satar]]'' da kungiyoyin maza, watakila a lokacin yaƙi. An ɗauka cewa Raptio al'ada ce ta tarihi, saboda haka kalmar Latin, amma ƙarni na 21 ya ga sake farfado da [[War rape|fyade na yaki]], wasu daga cikinsu suna da abubuwan sace amarya; alal misali, mata da 'yan mata da [[Boko Haram]] ta sace a Najeriya, [[Ƙungiyar Ƴan Tawaye na Ubangiji|Sojojin Tsayayya na Ubangiji]] a Uganda da [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] a Gabas ta Tsakiya masu sace su sun ɗauke su a matsayin mata. Ayyukan da ke nuna satar amarya na alama har yanzu suna nan a wasu al'adu (kamar Circassians ), a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun da ke kewaye da bikin aure. A cewar wasu kafofin, hutun amarya shine abin tunawa na aure ta hanyar kamawa, bisa ga al'adar mijin da ke ɓoyewa tare da matarsa don kauce wa ramuwar gayya daga danginta, tare da niyyar cewa matar za ta yi ciki a ƙarshen watan. == Tarihi da hujja == Kodayake dalilan da ke bayan satar amarya sun bambanta da yanki, al'adun da ke da al'adun aure ta hanyar satar su gabaɗaya suna da matsayi na [[Patriarchy|ubanni]] tare da tsananin kunya game da jima'i ko ciki a waje da aure da haihuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>''See'' Brian Stross, "Tzeltal Marriage by Capture", ''Anthropological Quarterly'', Vol. 47, No. 3, Kidnapping and Elopement as Alternative Systems of Marriage (Special Issue) (July 1974), pp. 328–346 (describing Tzeltal culture as patriarchal with a few opportunities for "pre-marital cross-sex interaction")[hereinafter Stross, ''Tzeltal Marriage by Capture'']; Sabina Kiryashova, [http://www.iwpr.net/?p=wpr&s=f&o=258105&apc_state=henpwp "Azeri Bride Kidnappers Risk Heavy Sentences"], Institute of War and Peace Reporting, 17 November 2005 (discussing the shame brought on Azeri kidnap victims who spend a night outside of the house); Gulo Kokhodze & Tamuna Uchidze, [http://www.iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=321627&apc_state=henh "Bride Theft Rampant in Southern Georgia"], (discussing the Georgian case, where "great social stigma attaches to the suspicion of lost virginity."). Compare with {{Cite journal |last=Ayres |first=Barbara |year=1974 |title=Bride Theft and Raiding for Wives in Cross-Cultural Perspective |journal=Anthropological Quarterly |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=238–252 |doi=10.2307/3316978 |jstor=3316978 |quote=There is no relationship between bride theft and status distinctions, bride price, or attitudes toward premarital virginity. The absence of strong associations in these areas suggests the need for a new hypothesis.}}</ref> A wasu lokuta na zamani, ma'auratan sun yi makirci don tserewa a karkashin kama da satar amarya, suna gabatar da iyayensu da wani abu da aka cika. A mafi yawan lokuta, duk da haka, maza da ke kama matar sau da yawa suna da matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci, saboda talauci, cuta, halin talauci ko aikata laifuka. Wani lokaci ana hana su neman matar bisa ka'ida saboda biyan kuɗin da dangin matar ke tsammani, [[Bride price|Farashin amarya]] (kada a rikita su da [[Dowry|sadaki]], wanda dangin matar suka biya). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h0o6didseyigds29x771dyc375tfl0v 'Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Sri Lanka 0 114016 891589 788466 2026-08-05T06:59:40Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Sri Lanka yana ba da haƙƙoƙin asali a cikin ƙasa. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Sri Lanka ya bayyana cewa kowane mutum yana da hakkin ya sami yancin tunani, lamiri da addini, gami da ’yancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani da ya zaɓa. Kuma, cewa kowane mutum daidai yake a gaban doka. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama, da suka hada da Amnesty International da [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]], da kuma gwamnatin Burtaniya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keerthisinghe |first=Lakshman I. |year=2013 |title=The British duplicity in protecting human rights in Sri Lanka |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/opinion/172-opinion/28002-the-british-duplicity-in-protecting-human-rights-in-sri-lanka.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021114438/http://www.dailymirror.lk/opinion/172-opinion/28002-the-british-duplicity-in-protecting-human-rights-in-sri-lanka.html |archive-date=2013-10-21 |access-date=2013-10-21 |publisher=Daily Mirror}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka[1] da Tarayyar Turai,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The EU's relations with Sri Lanka – Overview |url=http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/sri_lanka/intro/index.htm#hr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910052109/http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/sri_lanka/intro/index.htm#hr |archive-date=September 10, 2007}}</ref> sun nuna damuwa game da halin da ake ciki na 'yancin ɗan adam a Sri Lanka. Ana zargin gwamnatin Sri Lanka da 'yan awaren Liberation Tigers na Tamil Eelam (LTTE) da kuma wasu 'yan ta'adda daban-daban da kuma 'yan tawayen Marxist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) da take hakkin bil'adama,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Death penalty in Sri Lanka |url=http://ste.aeschbacher.ch/blog/2004/12/entry19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222133612/http://ste.aeschbacher.ch/blog/2004/12/entry19 |archive-date=February 22, 2006 |website=Ste's Site}}</ref> akwai rubutattun shari'o'in 'bacewar' da kisan kai da gwamnati ta yi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka – Out of the Silence |url=http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/feature/out_of_the_silence/5979 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130723/http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/feature/out_of_the_silence/5979 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == Sri Lanka ta shiga cikin tawaye biyu na JVP da yakin basasa sama da shekaru ashirin. Rashin jituwa na juyin juya halin JVP na biyu a Kudancin Sri Lanka da sojojin gwamnati da sojoji suka yi ya haifar da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da yawa. Har zuwa mutane 60,000, galibi Sinhalese, gami da dalibai da yawa sun mutu sakamakon wannan tawaye da ƙungiyoyin Marxist JVP suka jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka: The Years of Blood {{!}} Sri Lanka Brief |url=http://srilankabrief.org/2014/04/sri-lanka-the-years-of-blood/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015080020/http://srilankabrief.org/2014/04/sri-lanka-the-years-of-blood/ |archive-date=2018-10-15 |access-date=2019-06-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekara ta 1983, mafi duhu anti-minority pogrom a tarihin Sri Lanka, wanda aka sani da Black Yuli riots, ya ɓarke. Rikicin ya fara ne a matsayin martani ga mummunan kwanton bauna da LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam), daya daga cikin kungiyoyin mayakan Tamil da yawa na wannan lokacin, a kan Sojojin Sri Lanka, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar sojoji 13. Kimanin kwamishinan da gwamnati ta nada ya sanya adadin wadanda suka mutu kusan 1,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Kumaratunga's speech on the 21st Anniversary of 'Black July' |url=http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/shrilanka/document/papers/BlackJuly2004.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419180506/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/shrilanka/document/papers/BlackJuly2004.htm |archive-date=19 April 2012 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Yawancin 'yan tsiraru na Sri Lankan Tamils sun mutu ko 'sun ɓace' a lokacin waɗannan tashin hankali. Akalla Tamils 150,000 sun tsere daga tsibirin. Ana ganin Black July a matsayin farkon yakin basasar Sri Lanka tsakanin mayakan Tamil da gwamnatin Sri Lanka. == Tashin hankali na JVP == A cikin shekarar 1971, 'yar gurguzu Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) ta gudanar da tawaye da makami da bai yi nasara ba a kan gwamnatin Ceylon a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Sirimavo Bandaranaike. Tashin hankalin dai ya fara ne a ranar 5 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1971 har zuwa watan Yuni na shekarar 1971. 'Yan tada kayar bayan sun samu nasarar kwace garuruwa da kauyuka da dama na tsawon makwanni da dama har zuwa lokacin da sojojin suka kwato su. Kimanin mutane 8,000-10,000, galibinsu matasa 'yan tawaye ne suka mutu a lokacin wannan tawaye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imtiaz |first=Zahrah |title=Sanguinary memories : JVP insurgence of 1971 |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2017/04/05/features/112482/sanguinary-memories-jvp-insurgence-1971 |access-date=2019-06-17 |website=Daily News |language=en}}</ref> Tashin hankalin 1987-89 JVP (wanda kuma aka sani da Tawayen 1989) shine tawaye na biyu da Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna yayi rashin nasara akan Gwamnatin Sri Lanka karkashin Shugaba J. R. Jayewardene. Ba kamar tashin farko na JVP na shekarar 1971 ba, tashin hankali na biyu ba tayar da hankali ba ne amma ya bayyana a matsayin rikici mai ƙarfi wanda ya dade daga shekarar 1987 zuwa shekarar 1989 tare da JVP da ke yin juyin mulki, kisan gilla, hare-hare da hare-haren soja da farar hula. An zargi gwamnati da jami'anta da kuma 'yan tawayen JVP da manyan laifuka na HR a wannan lokacin. Ana zargin mambobin JVP da kashe abokan hamayyarta na siyasa da farar hula da suka bijire wa umarninsu ta hanyar fille kai da harbe-harbe a lokacin wadannan tashe tashen hankula. Gawawwakin gawawwakin da ake zargin 'yan JVP ne da aka kona ta hanyar amfani da tarkacen taya ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a Sri Lanka a wannan lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LankaWeb – Demons of Batalanda: Who was behind them? |url=http://www.lankaweb.com/news/items/2015/08/03/demons-of-batalanda-who-was-behind-them/ |access-date=2019-06-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> An kashe kimanin mutane 60,000 da ake zargi da mambobin JVP a lokacin wannan tashin hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JVP Demands Justice For Executed Comrades {{!}} The Sunday Leader |url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2013/02/10/jvp-demands-justice-for-executed-comrades/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043154/http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2013/02/10/jvp-demands-justice-for-executed-comrades/ |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2019-06-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka == === Gwamnati === ; Shekaru na 1980 A ranar 19 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar 1986, Ramanujam Manikkalingam, wanda ya kammala karatun kimiyyar lissafi na MIT, jami'an tsaron gwamnati sun kama shi a kasarsa ta haihuwa ta Sri Lanka karkashin tanadin dokar hana ta'addanci. ‘Yan uwa da abokan arziki sun ce an kama shi ne a lokacin da yake tafiya gida daga ofishin gidan waya, kuma an gana masa azaba a gidan yari.<ref name="The Tech Protest against Premadasa">{{Cite web |last=Fish |first=Andrew L. |date=12 August 1986 |title=Sri Lanka continues to hold IT student |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V106/PDF/V106-N30.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810110746/http://tech.mit.edu/V106/PDF/V106-N30.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=22 December 2015 |website=The Tech}}</ref><ref name="Tech - Students marshal support for prisone">{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=David P. |date=29 April 1986 |title=Students, faculty marshal support for prisoner |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V106/PDF/V106-N22.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810111937/http://tech.mit.edu/V106/PDF/V106-N22.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2014 |access-date=22 December 2015 |website=The Tech |page=3}}</ref> ; Shekaru na 1990 Dakarun Sri Lanka sun mamaye lardin Gabashin Sri Lanka bayan kazamin fada a shekara ta 1990. Ko bayan da dakarun gwamnati suka koma a farkon shekarar 1990 an ci gaba da bacewar mutane da yawa tare da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa. Ya zuwa watan Oktoba shekarar 1990, an kiyasta cewa an kashe mutane 3,000 ko kuma sun bace a gundumar Ampara. Bugu da kari da yawa daga cikin mutanen da suka bace an yi imanin an kashe su ne sakamakon yanke musu hukuncin kisa. Hakazalika a Batticaloa an kuma bayar da rahoton bacewar wasu mutane 1,500.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Reports – Amnesty International USA |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=5E7F89A231872062802569A600601598 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214094900/http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=5E7F89A231872062802569A600601598 |archive-date=14 February 2009 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Koyaya, har yanzu ba a tantance ainihin masu aikata bacewar ba, tare da gwamnatin Sri Lanka da 'yan tawaye dukansu suna zargin juna. ; Shekaru na 2000 Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta kuma yi Allah wadai da jami'an tsaron Sri Lanka a shekara ta 2000 game da hakkin dan Adam, bayan fada da fararen hula 12,000 da suka rasa matsugunansu. Ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka ta bayyana cewa, "Hukumomin farar hula gaba daya suna kula da jami'an tsaro yadda ya kamata, duk da cewa wasu jami'an tsaron sun aikata munanan laifukan take hakkin bil'adama". A lokacin mulkin shugaba Mahinda Rajapaksa, an fara danganta farar motocin bas da sace-sacen mutane da bacewarsu a lokacin yakin da kuma bayan yakin. Galibin bacewar masu suka daban-daban, 'yan jarida da sauran wadanda suka samu sabani da mambobin gwamnatin Rajapaksa da kuma yin garkuwa da su domin neman kudin fansa, ana alakanta su da "fararen motoci" wadanda ake kyautata zaton jami'an soji ne ke sarrafa su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demands for inquiry into Sri Lanka 'white van' abductions |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/srilanka/9494840/Demands-for-inquiry-into-Sri-Lanka-white-van-abductions.html |access-date=2015-09-30}}</ref> ''''Sahadevan Nilakshan'''', wanda aka fi sani da Sahadevan Nilaksham wani ɗan jarida ne na ɗaliban Tamil na Sri Lanka kuma shugaban mujallar Chaalaram . An harbe Sahadevan ya mutu a cikin gidansa a lokacin dokar hana fita ta dare a wani yanki da Sojojin Sri Lanka ke kula da shi sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahadevan Nilakshan |url=http://cpj.org/killed/2007/sahadevan-nilakshan.php |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Sahadevan ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin kashe ma'aikatan kafofin watsa labarai na Tamil musamman waɗanda aka gani suna tallafawa manufar kishin ƙasa ta Tamil kamar yadda mujallar Chaalaram wacce ya yi aiki da ita ta haɗa da Tarayyar Daliban Gundumar Jaffna da aka gani suna goyon bayan kishin ƙasa ta Tamil. An gan shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoratar da kafofin watsa labarai na Tamil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intimidation of Tamil media |url=http://www.lankaeverything.com/vinews/srilanka/20060904014736.php |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> === Bayan yakin === Mutanen da suka kasance a baya, ko kuma wadanda suka taimaka, Tamil Tigers sun yi zargin cewa gwamnati na ci gaba da azabtar da su bayan kawo karshen tashin hankali. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch ta ce an tattara kararraki 62 na cin zarafin mata tun bayan kawo karshen yakin basasa, ko da yake gwamnati ta ce an samu 5. Hakazalika, gwamnati ta ce wadannan shari’o’i ne kadai, yayin da masu yin zargin ke ganin cewa wannan wani bangare ne na yakin neman zabe na gwamnati. Wata takamammen hanyar haɗi zuwa wani shiri na gwamnati da BBC ta bincika, ta gano mutane da yawa waɗanda suka ce an azabtar da su a sansanonin gyaran gwamnati, waɗanda ake zargin tsoffin ƴan tawaye ne. Yawancin waɗanda abin ya shafa suna da takaddun likita na azabtarwa tare da takaddun halartar waɗannan shirye-shiryen. Rahotanni biyu na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] sun bayyana cewa shirin bai cika ka'idojin kasa da kasa ba, kuma akwai yiyuwar azabtar da mutane. Gwamnati ta yi da'awar wa BBC cewa ba ta amince da wannan ikirarin ba, kuma ta ce wadanda ba a san sunansu ba, da suka bayar da rahoton, watakila 'yan Tamil Tigers ne suka biya su ko kuma su kansu Tigers din suka azabtar da su. === Cin zarafin da 'yan Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) suka yi === An sha zargin 'yan tawayen Tamil Eelam da kai hare-hare kan fararen hula a lokacin yakin neman zabensu na ballewa. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta ba da rahoton cin zarafin bil'adama da dama a shekara ta 2005, amma ta bayyana musamman cewa babu wasu rahotanni da aka tabbatar na kashe-kashen siyasa da gwamnati ta yi. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa, “sun ci gaba da rike manyan sassan arewaci da gabas tare da aiwatar da kisan gilla, bacewar siyasa, gallazawa, kamawa da tsare mutane ba bisa ka’ida ba, da hana shari’ar gaskiya ta jama’a, yin katsalandan ba gaira ba dalili, hana ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki, yada labarai, taro da kungiyoyi, da daukar yara aikin soja”. Rahoton ya kuma zargi LTTE da kisan gilla a Arewa da Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61711.htm |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> LTTE ta aikata kisan kiyashi a lardunan Arewa da Gabas na Sri Lanka. Adadin fararen hula da aka kashe a cikin wani abin da ya faru ya kai 144 (Anuradhapura massacre) a shekarar 1985. Wasu daga cikin manyan hare-haren da suka haifar da mutuwar fararen hula sun hada da Kisan kiyashi na Kebithigollewa, kisan kiyashin Gonagala (mutuwa 54), fashewar bam na jirgin kasa na Dehiwala (mutuwa 56), Kisan kiyashi na Palliyagodella (mutuwa 109) da fashewar bama-bamai na Babban Bankin Sri Lanka (mutuwa 10). Bugu da ƙari wani harin Claymore antipersonnel da LTTE ta yi a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2006 a kan bas dauke da fararen hula 140 ya kashe mutane 68 ciki har da yara 15, kuma ya ji wa wasu rauni 60. Har ila yau, FBI ta yaba wa Tamil Tigers don kirkirar gashin kai da belin kashe kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taming the Tamil Tigers |url=https://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan08/tamil_tigers011008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213015044/http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan08/tamil_tigers011008.html |archive-date=13 February 2008 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=FBI}}</ref> Yawancin hare-haren kashe-kashen an yi su ne a kan fararen hula maimakon sojojin gwamnati. === Cin zarafin wasu kungiyoyi === Kungiyar TamilEela Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP), kungiya ce mai dauke da makamai karkashin jagorancin Kanar Karuna, yawancin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun zarge su da daukar yara, azabtarwa, kisa da kuma shiga cikin yakin da take yi da LTTE.[1][2][3]. Haka kuma TMVP na da hannu wajen yin garkuwa da mutane domin neman kudin fansa na masu hannu da shuni, galibinsu Tamil, ‘yan kasuwa don tara kudi a Colombo da sauran garuruwa. An kashe wasu ‘yan kasuwa ne saboda ba za su iya biyan kudin fansa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2007 |title=Sri Lanka: Karuna Group Abducts Children for Combat - Human Rights Watch |url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/01/24/slanka15141.htm |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2007 |title=Sri Lanka: Letter to Pope Benedict XVI on the Situation In Sri Lanka |url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/04/16/slanka15719.htm |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomson Reuters Foundation |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/9b33d65b8650481ae94420ff494e8c96.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724013024/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HRW/9b33d65b8650481ae94420ff494e8c96.htm |archive-date=24 July 2008 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> === Sakamakon haka === Abubuwan da ake zargin cin zarafin bil adama na ci gaba da shafar Sri Lanka bayan kawo karshen yakin. Alal misali, an gudanar da taron shugabannin ƙasashen Commonwealth na shekara-shekara a Sri Lanka a shekara ta 2013. Firai ministocin Indiya, Kanada, da Mauritius sun ƙi halartar taron saboda damuwa game da batun kare hakkin bil adama na Sri Lanka, ciki har da "zargin da ake ci gaba da yi na cin zarafin 'yan siyasa da 'yan jarida na adawa". === Bincike === Bayan hambarar da shugaba Mahinda Rajapaksa daga kan karagar mulki, sabuwar gwamnati ta fara gudanar da bincike kan bacewar wadannan jami'an gwamnatin kasar wadda ta bankado wani sashe na sirri a cikin rundunar sojojin ruwan Sri Lanka da ke da alhakin bacewar da dama. A watan Maris din shekarar 2015, an kama wasu jami’an sojan ruwa uku da wani tsohon dan sanda guda dangane da kisan dan majalisar dokokin kasar Nadarajah Raviraj a shekarar 2006 da kuma a watan Agustan shekarar 2015, ‘yan sandan sun kuma sanar da cewa sun kama wasu sojoji da dama dangane da bacewar dan jarida kuma mai zanen zane Prageeth Eknaligoda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Video: Secret Navy unit probed |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/65195/vy-unit-probed |access-date=2015-09-30 |website=www.dailymirror.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SL judicial system isn't equipped to probe war crimes: Zeid |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/89441/sl-judicial-system-isn-t-equipped-to-probe-war-crimes-zeid |access-date=2015-09-30 |website=www.dailymirror.lk}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2015 Tsohon Babban Ministan Lardin Gabas Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan wanda aka fi sani da Pillayan na tsohon kungiyar 'yan bindiga ta TMVP ya kama shi da Sashen Binciken Laifuka dangane da kisan tsohon dan majalisa na TNA Joseph Pararajasingham wanda aka harbe shi a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2005 a Batticaloa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pillayan arrested over Pararajasingham killing |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/90799/pillayan-arrested-over-pararajasingham-killing |website=www.dailymirror.lk}}</ref> An ba shi izinin tsare shi har zuwa 4 ga watan Nuwamba don ƙarin tambayoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pillayan to be detained till November 4 |url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=local/pillayan-be-detained-till-november-4 |access-date=2015-10-14 |website=www.dailynews.lk}}</ref> == Rikicin kabilanci bayan yaƙi == '''[[Sri Lanka]]">Rikicin adawa da Musulmai na 2014 a Sri Lanka''' ya kasance rikicin addini da kabilanci a watan Yunin shekarar 2014 a kudu maso yammacin Sri Lanka wanda ya haifar da hari kan wani babban malamin Buddha, Ayagama Samitha, da direbansa da Musulmai suka yi a garin Dharga a ranar tsarki ta Poson. Musulmai da dukiyoyinsu sun kai hari ga Buddha na Sinhalese a garuruwan Aluthgama, Beruwala da Dharga Town a cikin Gundumar Kalutara. Akalla mutane hudu ne suka mutu kuma 80 suka ji rauni. Daruruwan mutane sun rasa gidaje bayan hare-hare a kan gidaje, shaguna, masana'antu, masallatai da kuma ɗakin yara. Mutane 10,000 (Muslim 8,000 da Sinhalese 2,000) sun rasa muhallinsu saboda tashin hankali. Rikicin ya biyo bayan taron da Bodu Bala Sena (BBS), ƙungiyar Buddha mai tsananin layin. An zargi BBS da yawa da tayar da tarzoma amma ta musanta alhakin. Kafofin yada labarai na Sri Lanka sun tantance labarai game da tashin hankali bayan umarni daga gwamnatin Sri Lanka.<ref name="RSF170614">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2014 |title=Sectarian violence in south declared off-limits for media |url=http://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-sectarian-violence-in-south-17-06-2014,46465.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317050422/https://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-sectarian-violence-in-south-17-06-2014,46465.html |archive-date=17 March 2016 |access-date=24 August 2015 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> An sace kuma an kai masa hari a yankin Bandaragama a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2014 . An yi wa Vijitha [[Kachiya|kaciya]] da karfi. An sake buɗe makarantu a cikin rikici a ranar 23 ga Yuni 2014. Hare-haren da aka kai wa Musulmai sun ci gaba a cikin kwanaki bayan tashin hankali. == Hakkin LGBT a Sri Lanka == Lesbian, gay, bisexual, da transgender (LGBT) mutane a [[Sri Lanka]] suna fuskantar ƙalubalen shari'a da zamantakewa waɗanda ba LGBT ba su fuskanta. Mataki na 365 na Dokar Shari'a ta Sri Lanka, wanda ya kasance daga lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya Ceylon, ya aikata laifuka na jima'i da ake la'akari da "a kan tsari na yanayi".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2018 |title=Road to reform- LGBTIQ rights in Sri Lanka |url=http://www.themorning.lk/road-to-reform-lgbtiq-rights-in-sri-lanka/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223157/http://www.themorning.lk/road-to-reform-lgbtiq-rights-in-sri-lanka/ |archive-date=23 January 2019 |access-date=2019-01-23 |website=themorning.lk}}</ref> A yawancin tarihin dokar, haramcin ya shafi jima'i tsakanin maza; a shekara ta 1995, an yi gyara a shafi na 365 don maye gurbin kalmar "maza" da "mutane" don haka an haramta yin jima'i tsakanin mata biyu masu yarda da juna baya ga wanda ke tsakanin mazaje masu yarda. Sauran dokokin da ke keɓancewa da ɓarna mutanen LGBTQI ana tilasta su kan zargin yin jima'i na jinsi (Mataki na 399, da aka yi amfani da shi kan mutanen transgender) da rashin mutunci na jama'a (Sashe na 7, 1841 Vagrants Ordinance, da aka yi amfani da shi ga ma'aikatan jima'i, da duk wanda ake ganin halayen jama'a suna nuna alamar jima'i).<ref>{{Cite web |last=((United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)) |title=Refworld — Sri Lanka: Treatment of sexual minorities, including legislation, state protection, and support services |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f435fa52.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126113854/https://www.refworld.org/docid/4f435fa52.html |archive-date=26 January 2019 |access-date=2019-01-26 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-12 |title=Sri Lanka Should Take Up the Challenge on LGBT Rights |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/09/12/sri-lanka-should-take-challenge-lgbt-rights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223094204/https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/09/12/sri-lanka-should-take-challenge-lgbt-rights |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=2019-01-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyoyin masu neman mafaka da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun ba da rahoton cewa 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan gwamnati sun yi amfani da barazanar kamawa don kai hari, tayar da hankali, da kuma lalata da kudi ga mutane LGBTQI. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Custom report Excerpts: Sri Lanka |url=https://www.state.gov/report/custom/f714b39ba3/ |access-date=11 May 2021 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2012 |title=Responses to Information Requests: LKA103948.E |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/03/06/LKA103948.E.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620225215/https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/03/06/LKA103948.E.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2019 |access-date=11 May 2021 |website=Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada}}</ref><ref name="sc 32.11">{{Cite court|url=http://www.supremecourt.lk/images/documents/sc_appeal_32_11.pdf}}</ref> Harin masu tsaro, kisan gillar masu tsaro, azabtarwa, gwajin tilasta, da kuma duka ana kuma yarda da su.<ref name="hrw.org">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-20 |title=Sri Lanka: Forced Anal Exams in Homosexuality Prosecutions |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/20/sri-lanka-forced-anal-exams-homosexuality-prosecutions |access-date=2022-02-01 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name="justice.gov">{{Cite report|last1=Home Office}}</ref> Sri Lanka ba ta riga ta aiwatar da dokokin nuna bambanci ba. == Aure na yara == A Sri Lanka, shekarun aure na shari'a shine 18. Duk da haka, Dokar Aure da Saki ta Musulmai (MMDA) ta ba da damar Musulmai masu ƙasa da shekaru 12 su yi aure kuma ba ta buƙatar izinin amarya. Za a iya rage shekarun ko da ƙari idan quazi ya ƙyale shi. Kundin hukuncin ya kuma kebe musulmi daga tuhumar aikata laifin fyade da ya dace idan wanda aka azabtar ya auri wanda ya aikata laifin kuma yana da shekaru 12 ko sama da haka. Adadin auren yara a Sri Lanka ya kai kashi 2% ta 15 da kashi 12% ta 18, kasa da sauran al'ummomin Kudancin Asiya duk da haka wasu auren ba su da rajista kuma suna iya karuwa. ‘Yan mata Musulmi da dama sun yi yunkurin kashe kansu don gudun kada a yi musu auren dole sannan kuma ‘yan matan da ke adawa da auren suna dukansu a hannun iyalansu. Haka nan ma’aurata na iya samun saurin rabuwar aure ba tare da sun yi wani bayani ba yayin da uwargidan za ta daure ta dau lokaci mai tsawo da ke bukatar ta gabatar da shaidu da kuma halartar zaman saurare. Ana gudanar da dokokin ta kotunan [[Shari'a|sharia]] na musamman da quazis ke gudanarwa. Ba a yarda mata su zama masu katsalandan ba kuma ƴan ta'adda suna umartar mata da su yi shiru yayin shari'a, ba a yarda da wakilci ta hanyar lauyoyi ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=20 May 2017 |title=Tortured Sri Lankan Muslim Child Marriage Victim Dies, Police Soft-Pedals Capture Of Murderous Husband – Colombo Telegraph |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/tortured-sri-lankan-muslim-child-marriage-victim-dies-police-soft-pedals-capture-of-murderous-husband/ |access-date=2017-06-23 |website=www.colombotelegraph.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An sami rahoton faruwar al'amura da dama na cin zarafi a cikin gida, fyade da kashe matasa saboda MMDA. Akwai wata yarinya da iyayenta suka aike ta gidan kawunta saboda soyayya da wani yaro a lokacin da take karatu sai wani baƙon gidan ya nemi dangin su aure ta. Yarinyar ta ki yarda da dukan tsiya da ‘yan uwanta suka yi mata, kuma a cikin fidda rai, sai ta yanke hannayenta tare da shan kwayoyin kwayoyi da dama a kokarinta na kashe kanta. Bayan an kwantar da ita ’yan uwanta sun ba wa likitoci cin hanci suka kai ta wani asibiti mai zaman kansa sannan daga baya suka aure ta. Mijinta yakan yi mata wulakanci a kai a kai kuma yana jin haushin yadda ta yi sha'awar soyayya ta da. Lokacin da ta bayyana cikinta sai ya jefar da ita a kasa yana zaginta cewa dare daya kawai yake bukata. Hakan yasa ta samu zubar cikin da ‘yan sanda basu yarda da labarinta ba, masallaci ya hada ta da mijin duk da rashin amincewarta. Sai mijin ta ya sanya lambar wayarta a dandalin sada zumunta wanda hakan ya sa wasu baki suka nemi ta yi lalata da ita don neman kudi. Hakan ya sa iliminta ya lalace kuma ba ta iya ko fita waje. A shekarar 2017 kuma wata 4 tana dauke da juna biyu ‘yar shekara 18 ta rasu bayan mijinta da ta yi aure tana shekara 16, ta daure ta a kujera ta zuba mai sannan ta banka mata wuta. Mijinta ya yi barazanar cewa zai cutar da sauran jaririnta idan ta kai rahoton cin zarafin ga ‘yan sanda.<ref name=":2"/> Akwai lokuta na yara masu shekaru 12 da ake ja daga filin wasa, an ba su tufafin aure kuma an tilasta musu yin aure yayin da suke kuka a tsakiyar bikin aure kuma an Tilasta musu yin jima'i har ma kafin balaga. Magoya bayan MMDA irin su All Ceylon Jamiyyathul Ulama, gamayyar malaman addinin musulunci maza sun yi ikirarin cewa auren kananan yara ba kasafai ba ne. Duk da haka, kashi 22 cikin 100 na auren da aka yi rajista a shekarar 2015 a Kattankudy, birni mafi rinjaye na Musulmai a lardin Gabas, matar tana da shekaru 17 ko kuma ƙasa da kashi 14% a 2014. Kungiyoyin musulmi da dama irinsu Women's Action Network (WAN) da Muslim Women's Research and Action Forum sun yi ta yunkurin kawo sauyi ko soke MMDA da baiwa mata hakki daidai da kuma haramta auren yara. Sai dai kuma mambobin kungiyoyin na fuskantar tsangwama da barazana daga kungiyoyin musulmi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Masu fafutuka sun bayyana fargabar ko da shiga ayyukan yau da kullun kamar tafiye-tafiye da tura yara zuwa makaranta saboda barazanar da ake yi akai-akai. == Dubi kuma ==   * Sri Lanka da ta'addanci na jihar * Jerin hare-haren da aka danganta ga LTTE * Amfani da yara a cikin soja a Sri Lanka * Yaƙin basasar Sri Lanka * Jerin hare-haren da aka danganta ga sojojin Sri Lanka * Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a Sri Lanka == Bayani da ƙarin karatu == == Haɗin waje == * ^ [http://www.slhro.org/ Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Sri Lanka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224013545/http://www.slhro.org/ |date=2020-02-24 }}  * ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20060904052438/http://hhr-srilanka.org/hhr/ Gida don 'Yancin Dan Adam]  * ^ [https://www.hrw.org/doc?t=asia&c=slanka Mai kula da 'yancin Dan Adam]  * ^ [https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/sri-lanka Amnesty International - Rahotanni na 'Yancin Dan Adam na Sri Lanka]  * ^ [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange|IFEX]].org/en/content/view/full/161/" id="mwBJ8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">'Yanci na faɗar albarkacin baki a Sr Lanka - IFEX  * ^ Masu hankali ga 'yancin Dan Adam [http://www.i-hr.org/ Masu Hikima don 'Yancin Dan Adam] * ^ [http://www.freedomfromtorture.org/feature/out_of_the_silence/5980 'Yanci daga azabtarwa]  * [http://www.srilankahr.net/ Bayani game da halin da ake ciki na 'yancin ɗan adam a Sri Lanka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511213121/http://www.srilankahr.net/ |date=2008-05-11 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130523100752/http://pact.lk/ Lokaci na zaman lafiya da rikici (PACT) - jerin lokuta na rikice-rikicen Sri Lanka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406232649/http://www.slhr.org/ Jerin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Sri Lanka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235006/http://www.freemedia.at/PDF_Reports/SriLanka_mission_report.pdf Rahoton aikin Sri Lanka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090529111246/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10956 Shawarwari tara don inganta 'yancin kafofin watsa labarai a Sri Lanka - RSF] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080501202905/http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/article.php3?id_article=1618 Kafofin watsa labarai a Sri Lanka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093900/http://www.ifj-asia.org/page/sri_lanka1.html Magana ta 'Yanci a Sri Lanka] * [http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6784/print Asirin ya kewaye kisan gillar wani ɗan jaridar Tamil, Asian Tribune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003410/http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node%2F6784%2Fprint |date=2016-03-04 }} * {{Cite web |title=Sri Lanka: UN Rights Council Should Extend Crucial Mandate |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/02/sri-lanka-un-rights-council-should-extend-crucial-mandate |website=[[Human Rights Watch]], 2 October, 2024}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fsmvur6672di5x3gkps8lmv8rm7ozvy Hadin gwiwar Lafiya da 'Yancin Dan Adam 0 114088 891571 886256 2026-08-05T05:20:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} InterAction for Health and Human Rights (InterAction ko (InterAtion DownUnder) kungiya ce ta son rai ga mutanen da ke da alaƙa da [['Yancin Dan Adam na Intersex|'Yancin ɗan adam]] da kuma ikon cin gashin kansu na mutanen da ke cikin [[Asturaliya|Australia]], tana ba da tallafin tunani da na tsara, kuma tana ba da ilimi da sabis na bayanai. An kafa shi a shekara ta 2009 kuma an kafa shi a matsayin kamfani mai ba da agaji a shekara ta 2010, an riga an san shi da Intersex Human Rights Australia da Organisation Intersex International Australia, ko OII Australia, kuma ya canza sunansa tare da haɗuwa da shi na Intersex Peer Support Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Morgan |date=March 4, 2018 |title=We are now "Intersex Human Rights Australia" |url=https://ihra.org.au/31878/new-ihra/ |access-date=March 31, 2018 |website=Intersex Human Rights Australia |archive-date=March 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318120616/https://ihra.org.au/31878/new-ihra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san shi a matsayin Cibiyar Taimako ta Jama'a.<ref name="about" /> == Tarihi == An kafa ma'aikatar a cikin 2009 kuma an kafa ta a matsayin kamfani a cikin 2010. Shugaba mai kafa Gina Wilson ta sauka a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2013 . Darakta mai zartarwa na yanzu shine Morgan Carpenter, a baya babban darakta da shugaban kasa. Bonnie Hart ita ce Mataimakin Darakta kuma manajan sabis na InterLink. Tony Briffa, wanda aka fi sani da magajin gari na farko na jama'a, a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan. === Aminci na jiki da ikon cin gashin kansa na jiki === Intersex Human Rights Australia ta yi kamfen don tallafawa ikon cin gashin kai a cikin matakan kiwon lafiya da ke shafar mutanen da ke tsakanin jima'i, gami da kawo ƙarshen kayan shafawa ko "daidaitawa" tiyata akan jarirai masu jima'i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OII Australia |date=29 October 2013 |title=Statement on the Senate report 'Involuntary or coerced sterilisation of intersex people in Australia' |url=http://oii.org.au/24058/statement-senate-report-involuntary-or-coerced-sterilisation-intersex-people/ |access-date=15 August 2025 |archive-date=21 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721153124/http://oii.org.au/24058/statement-senate-report-involuntary-or-coerced-sterilisation-intersex-people/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bock |first=Andrew |date=20 June 2013 |title=Call to end intersex genital operations |url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/call-to-end-intersex-genital-operations-20130619-2ojdr.html |website=[[The Age]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, Kwamitin Bayanan Harkokin Al'umma na Majalisar Dattijai ya kafa bincike game da rashin son rai ko tilasta wa mutanen da ke da nakasa. A watan Fabrairun 2013, an kara intersex a matsayin ƙarin lokacin tunani. Kwamitin ya buga wani rahoto na hadin gwiwa a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2013, yana ba da shawarwari 15. Sakamakon binciken ya goyi bayan yawancin shari'ar da shawarwarin da InterAction ta yi: {{Blockquote|3.109 ... Kamar yadda OII yayi sharhi, daidaita aikin tiyata ya fi sake gina jiki. An yi aikin tiyatar ne don lalata ilimin ilimin halittar jima'i sannan kuma, bi da bi, gina wani ainihi wanda ya dace da nau'ikan jinsin maza da mata na ra'ayi. 3.129 ... Shawarwari da Organization Intersex International ta gabatar suna da cancanta, kuma sun yi daidai da sakamakon kwamitin. Kwamitin ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a samar da wata ka'ida da ta shafi aikin tiyata na 'al'ada', sannan kuma a bi duk yanayin yara masu jima'i. Irin wannan jagorar yakamata ya dace da shawarwarin Organizational Intersex International}} A watan Mayun 2019, InterAction ta buga sanarwar haɗin gwiwa na harsuna da yawa da ƙungiyoyi sama da 50 da ke jagorantar tsaka-tsakin jima'i suka sanya hannu suna yin Allah wadai da shigar da harshen "lalata ci gaban jima'i" a cikin Tsarin Cututtuka na Duniya, yana mai bayyana cewa wannan yana haifar da "lalata" da sauƙaƙe take haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana mai kira ga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ta buga fayyace manufofin don tabbatar da cewa shiga tsakani na likitanci bai dace da 'yancin ɗan adam ba". Har ila yau, ma'aikatar tana hulɗa kai tsaye tare da likitoci da masana kimiyyar halitta. Duk da yake yana adawa da amfani da kalmomin da ya bayyana a matsayin cututtukan cututtuka, kamar su "Rashin ci gaban jima'i", Har ila yau an sanya sunan Carpenter a matsayin mai bita ga shafin yanar gizon "DSD Genetics" wanda Majalisar Kula da Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa ta Australia ta tallafawa. A cikin mika wuya ga kwamitin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] game da azabtarwa a cikin 2016, kungiyar ta gabatar da cewa gwamnatocin Ostiraliya sun amince da mutunci da hakkokin mutanen LGBTI, amma a lokaci guda, "ayyuka masu cutarwa" kan yara masu jima'i suna ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=Submission: list of issues for Australia's Convention Against Torture review |url=https://oii.org.au/30546/loi-cat-review/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909233430/https://oii.org.au/30546/loi-cat-review/ |archive-date=9 September 2017 |access-date=4 September 2016 |website=Organisation Intersex International Australia}}</ref> A cikin Maris 2017, wakilan ƙungiyoyin kafa InterAction sun shiga cikin yarjejeniya ta Australiya da Aotearoa / New Zealand "Bayanin Darlington" ta ƙungiyoyin al'umma na intersex da sauransu.<ref name="darlington2017" /> Sanarwar ta yi kira da a sake fasalin doka, gami da hukunta laifukan da za a yi wa yara kanana, da kawo karshen rarrabuwar kawuna na jima'i, da kuma inganta hanyoyin samun goyon bayan takwarorinsu.<ref name="darlington2017">{{Citation|last2=Organisation Intersex International Australia}} [https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104412/ Alt URL]</ref><ref name="copland2017ds">{{Cite web |last=Copland |first=Simon |date=March 20, 2017 |title=Intersex people have called for action. It's time to listen. |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/topics/sexuality/agenda/article/2017/03/20/intersex-people-have-called-action-its-time-listen |access-date=2017-03-21 |website=[[Special Broadcasting Service]]}}</ref><ref name="jones2017ds">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Jess |date=March 10, 2017 |title=Intersex activists in Australia and New Zealand publish statement of priorities |url=http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/national-news/intersex-activists-publish-statement-priorities/156425 |access-date=2017-03-21 |website=[[Star Observer]]}}</ref><ref name="power2017ds">{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Shannon |date=March 13, 2017 |title=Intersex advocates pull no punches in historic statement |url=http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/intersex-advocates-darlington-statement/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203838/http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/intersex-advocates-darlington-statement/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |access-date=2017-03-21 |website=[[Gay Star News]]}}</ref><ref name="sainty2017ds">{{Cite web |last=Sainty |first=Lane |date=March 13, 2017 |title=These Groups Want Unnecessary Surgery On Intersex Infants To Be Made A Crime |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/lanesainty/landmark-intersex-position-statement |access-date=2017-03-21 |website=[[BuzzFeed|BuzzFeed Australia]]}}</ref> InterAction ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zartar da doka don kare yancin kai na jiki na yara masu bambancin jima'i a cikin Babban Birnin Ostiraliya. === Tallafin zamantakewa da na tsara === InterAction tana ba da sabis na tallafin zamantakewa da na tsara ta hanyar shirye-shiryen InterLink da Intersex Peer Support Australia. === Samun damar samun kiwon lafiya === A watan Yulin 2013, Commonwealth ta ba da sanarwar cewa tana cire jima'i ko ka'idojin jinsi daga lambobin abubuwa don hanyoyin Medicare, biyo bayan shigarwa daga InterAction. InterAction ya lura cewa canje-canjen ba su tabbatar da cikakken damar shiga Shirin Amfanin Magunguna (PBS). === Karewa daga nuna bambanci === A ƙarshen 2012, Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Wariya da Gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta gabatar ya haɗa da jima'i a matsayin "shaidar jinsi". InterAction ta soki wannan a kan cewa masu yin jima'i suna buƙatar kariya, amma bambance-bambancen ilimin halitta bai kamata ya zo cikin ma'anar ba. Da take rubutawa a mujallar Equal Rights Trust, Gina Wilson ta rubuta, “Da farko ‘yan majalisa ba su da cikakkiyar fahimtar menene tsakanin jima’i, amma bayan sun ba da shaida ga kwamitocin majalisar dattijai tare da yin magana da ‘yan majalisa daban-daban muna fatan cewa jima’i zai zama sifa mai karewa a karkashin dokar. " A ranar 25 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2013, Dokar Gyara nuna bambanci na Jima'i (Jima'i, Gender Identity da Intersex Status) ta wuce tare da goyon bayan jam'iyyun, kuma ta zama doka a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2013. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da "yanayin jima'i" ya kasance halayyar kariya a karkashin dokar nuna bambanci ta Australiya. === Takardun ganewa === Ƙungiyar ta bayyana cewa "yayin da ake buƙatar alamar jima'i ko alamar jinsi", tana goyon bayan binary, wadanda ba na binary da kuma nau'i-nau'i masu yawa ga manya, amma kawai nau'i na binaryar ga jarirai da yara, suna jin tsoron stigmatization da kuma tasirin tasirin jima'i ga jarirai. Kungiyar ta yi taka tsantsan ta amince da wani kudirin doka na Babban Birnin Australiya don canza tsarin rajistar haihuwa na yankin don ƙirƙirar nau'in jinsi na uku ga jarirai da yara, yana mai cewa, "Babu ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin jima'i na ƙasa guda biyu da suka shiga tattaunawa kafin a gabatar da kudurin a Majalisar" tsoron iyaye. A cikin Maris 2017, wata sanarwa ta al'ummar Ostiraliya da Aotearoa / New Zealand ta yi kira da a kawo karshen rabe-raben jima'i na shari'a, yana mai bayyana cewa rabe-rabe na uku na doka, kamar rabe-raben binary, sun dogara ne akan tashin hankali na tsari kuma sun kasa mutunta bambancin ra'ayi da "yancin yanke shawara". <ref name="darlington2017"/> <ref name="copland2017ds"/> === Aure === Da yake ambaton shari'o'in da aka soke aure, kuma inda aka bayyana yiwuwar aure a matsayin hujja don shiga tsakani na likita na farko, <ref name="oiiau2017mar" /> kungiyoyin kafa InterAction sun yi kamfen don haƙƙin aure ba tare da la'akari da halaye na jima'i ba.<ref name="darlington2017"/> Cibiyar ta nuna damuwa game da tasirin aure na gine-ginen jima'i a matsayin jima'i na uku. A cikin 2017 Kwaskwarimar Aure (Ma'anar da 'Yancin Addini) Bill 2017 musamman yana nufin 'mutane 2' maimakon 'jima'i iri ɗaya dangane da ma'anar aure.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Senator Smith |date=15 November 2017 |title=Marriage Amendment (Definition and Religious Freedoms) Bill 2017 |url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/s1099_first-senate/toc_pdf/1725720.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf |access-date=27 November 2017 |website=The Senate: Parliament House Canberra}}</ref> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === InterAction for Health and Human Rights da ƙungiyoyin kafa ta suna wakilci a yawancin al'amuran kasa da kasa, ciki har da " taron farko na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da batutuwan jima'i" a cikin Maris 2014, tare da Mauro Cabral da wakilan Intersex UK da Zwischengeschlecht. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2014 |title=Intersex side event at the UN Human Rights Council |url=http://oii.org.au/25644/intersex-side-event-un-human-rights-council/ |access-date=2014-12-29 |website=Organisation Intersex International Australia |archive-date=2014-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229051651/http://oii.org.au/25644/intersex-side-event-un-human-rights-council/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Fadar Intersex === [[Fayil:Intersex_Pride_Flag.svg|right|thumb|Fadar Intersex]] An ƙirƙiri tutar Intersex a cikin Yuli 2013 ta Morgan Carpenter na InterAction for Health and Human Rights (wanda aka fi sani da Organization Intersex International Australia) don zama tuta "wadda ba ta samo asali ba, amma har yanzu tana da tushe cikin ma'ana". An kwatanta da'irar a matsayin "ba a karye ba kuma ba a yi ado ba, yana nuna cikakke da cikawa, da kuma damarmu. Har yanzu muna gwagwarmaya don samun 'yancin kai na jiki da mutuncin al'aura, kuma wannan yana nuna 'yancin zama wanda kuma yadda muke so mu kasance". == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == An zabi kungiyar ne don lambar yabo ta 2013 Community Organization "Honour" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honour Awards 2013 – Nominations |url=http://www.honourawards.com.au/nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212110358/http://www.honourawards.com.au/nominations/ |archive-date=12 December 2013 |access-date=7 December 2013}}</ref> saboda aikinta kan dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci. Tsohuwar shugabar da ta kafa Gina Wilson ta kasance ta karshe don Kyautar Mutum ta [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Australiya]] a cikin 2013, bayan da ta yi ritaya, saboda aikinta na kariya ta nuna bambanci. == Haɗin kai == InterAction for Health and Human Rights wata ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Intersex International, memba na Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta LGBTI ta ƙasa da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Madigo ta Duniya, Gay, Bisexual, Trans da Intersex Association. == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam na Intersex]] * Hakkin jima'i a Ostiraliya * Ƙungiyar Intersex International == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://interaction.org.au}} {{intersex}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 02awlhrn3s66lb1wslg9oy1lxbllwxq Ekinrin-Adde 0 114907 891326 790691 2026-08-04T12:27:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ekinrin-Adde''' gari ne da ke karamar hukumar [[Ijumu]] ta jihar [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], a gundumar Sanata ta Yamma a [[Najeriya]] akan latitude 7° 50'N da longitude 5° 50'E <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019 |title=Ekinrin-Adde on the map of Nigeria |url=https://ng.maptons.com/2893288 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Maptons |language=en-US}}</ref> a tsayin mita 523 sama da matakin teku. Garin ya kasance tarin ƙauyuka masu haɗaka waɗanda suka haɗa kai ɗaya. Mutanen sun samo asali ne tun daga [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]], tushen wayewar [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]] . Mutanen ƙabilar ƙabila ce a cikin ƙabilar [[Yarbawa]], waɗanda ke magana da yare da aka fi sani da Okun, waɗanda ƙananan hukumomi biyar da ke yankin [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] ta Yamma ke magana da shi ko da yake suna da ɗan bambanci daga al'umma zuwa al'umma. Yaren Okun ƙaramin yare ne na harshen [[Yarbanci|Yarbawa]] . <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Hamza |first=Ibrahim |date=2019 |title=The Role of Oral Tradition in the History of Ekinrin-Adde up to 1960 |url=https://www.academia.edu/20251829 |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ekinrin-Adde yana da matukar muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Okun a zamanin mulkin mallaka. Akwai wasu ayyukan tattalin arziki kamar su farauta, kamun kifi, noma, kasuwanci da kasuwanci. <ref name="auto"/> == Wuri == Ekinrin-Adde yana cikin karamar hukumar [[Ijumu]] a [[jihar Kogi]] kuma yana iyaka da Iyamoye da Egbeda Egga. Ekinrin-Adde yana tafiyar minti 20 daga [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] kuma yana da sauran al'adu tare da ƙauyuka a kan tudu guda. [[Fayil:Akogba_hill.jpg|thumb|Dutsen Akogba daga al'umma a safiyar gajimare]] [[Fayil:Statue_in_Ekinrin-Adde.jpg|thumb|Mutum-mutumi kusa da rijiyar al'umma]] == Al'adu ==   Mutanen Ekinrin-Adde sun haɗu da ayyuka da yawa kamar bikin Egungun (masquerade). Masallatai kan yi faretin ne a wani yanayi na musamman da kuma lokacin da fitaccen mutum da ke rike da madafun iko ya mutu. Fitattun masallatan sun hada da Masallatan Olori Owo ko Iro (an hana mata ganin su) kuma na ’yan asalin Ekinrin ne. Iro masquerade ya tsufa kamar Ekinrin kansa kamar yadda Akinrin ya kirkiri shi. Akwai kuma Oyoyo (fitowa a lokacin bikin Emindin) da kuma Ajibele, Ajoriga masquerade. Sauran masallatan sun hada da Onigabon, Inun Oko da Okura (da alama Okura ya mutu). Wani bikin al'adu da aka saba gudanarwa a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni na kowace shekara shi ne bikin Emindin. Bikin “Emindin” yawanci mutanen Omo Agba ne daga dangin sarauta na Ona ne ke kiran shi. [[Fayil:Ekinrin-Adde_women.jpg|thumb|Manya mata a Ekinrin-Adde]] == Geography == Gabaɗayan yanayin ƙasar Ekinrin-Adde shine galibin Savannah tare da filayen da ba su da tushe. Akwai tuddai masu zurfi, waɗanda ke nuna gefen gabas da yamma. Ƙasar tana da haske mai launin ruwan kasa, yashi kuma ɗan baya kadan akan ƙasan dutsen dake cikin tsaunuka tare da facin jajayen ƙasa. Saboda yanayin kasa, yawancin mazauna garin manoma ne kuma amfanin gona na yau da kullun sun hada da [[dawa]], [[rogo]], [[barkono]], wake, koko, [[kankana]] da dabino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Mayowa |date=19 May 2018 |title=A Guide To Hiking In Nigeria: What To Bring And Where To Go |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/travel-and-places/a-guide-to-hiking-in-nigeria-what-to-bring-and-where-to-go/ |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Agbegi.jpg|thumb|Agbegi-Lodo (Tsoffin manyan motoci na Bedford na kowa a cikin Ekinrin-Adde da ake amfani da su wajen yin katako)]] == Albarkatun kasa da jan hankalin yawon bude ido == Ekinrin-Adde yana da wadatar farin marmara. Ajiyayyen marmara a cikin Ekinrin-Adde, bisa tsarin sinadaran sa shine carbonate mai tsafta da marmara irin na calcitic. Adadin marmara a cikin Ekinrin-Adde ya dace da kera siminti, samar da sodium alkalis (sodium carbonate, bicarbonate da hydroxide), magungunan kashe qwari, abincin kaji, takin ammonium nitrate na calcium kuma azaman lemun tsami. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=Field Occurrence, Chemical Composition and Industrial Application of Ekinrin-Adde Maeble Deposit in Kogi State |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319212867 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Researchgate |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fatoye |first=Felix |date=2013 |title=Geology and Occurrences of Limestone and Marble in Nigeria |url=https://core.ac.uk/display/234654247?recSetID= |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> Fitattun wuraren yawon bude ido sun hada da tsaunin [[Akogba]] (1000m sama da matakin teku) da kogin Oyi. [[Fayil:Ajibele_Maquerades_Festival.jpg|thumb|Ajibele Masquerade of Ekinrin-Adde]] Gidan rediyon Akogba FM (88.3) dake zaune kusa da tsaunin Akogba, shi ne FM na farko mai zaman kansa a garin Okun kuma yana aiki da manufar tabbatar da al’ummar Ijumu da sassan Kabba Bunu da ma jihohin da ke makwabtaka da su suna da masaniya kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Kogi da Najeriya da ma duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fatoye |first=Felix |date=2023 |title=Kogi commissioner congratulates Ekinrin-Adde community on the launch of new FM station |url=https://www.theprojectornewsandpix.com/kogi-info-commissioner-congratulates-ekinrin-adde-people-over-akogba-fm-launch/= |language=en-US |access-date=2023-06-23 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ELOGY == Bikin Emidin shi ne bikin sabon doya na mutanen Ekinrin a duk shekara. Ana yin bikin Emidin ne a watan Yuni. A zamanin da, rumbunan doya suna nuna dukiyar mutum, wanda yake da tarin dawa mai yawa. Tun daga shuka har zuwa girbi, tsarin noman doya yana da tsarki da al'adun Ekinrin-Adde. A wajajen watan Yuni ne jama'a suka fara girbe dawa da bikin. Maza za su haƙa doya na farko don nunawa kuma manoman da suka fi girma dawa sau da yawa ana sha'awar. Bayan an gama biki, ana dafa doya ko kuma a gasa su tare da mata masu jagorantar muzaharar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Mayowa Ebenezer |date=2021-07-04 |title=Festival Ready? 7 Of The Best Nigerian Festivals |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/festival-ready-7-of-the-best-nigerian-festivals/ |access-date=2021-07-08 |website=Guardian Nigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Akogba_Hill_Hiking.jpg|thumb|Akogba Hiking Festival]] Wannan biki kuma ya kasance lokacin godiya ga alloli saboda girbi mai yawa da kuma neman damina mai yawa don kakar shuka ta gaba. Al'ada ce gama-gari ga yawancin ƴan asalin garin su koma gida don yin biki, saduwa da ƴan uwansu da kuma damar haduwar shekaru. A bisa al’adar, ba abin yarda ba ne dan al’umma ya ci sabon doya kafin bikin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mustafa |first=Wale |date=20 May 2021 |title=Countdown to the Big Day |url=https://www.onwardnews24.com/ekinrin-adde-2021-thirty-days-to-go-counting-down-to-the-big-day/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Onwardnews24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204214/https://www.onwardnews24.com/ekinrin-adde-2021-thirty-days-to-go-counting-down-to-the-big-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Chief_in_Ekinrin-Adde.jpg|thumb|Shugaba a sabon bikin yam]] Sauran bukukuwan sun hada da Idi Festival, bikin Okẹlẹkẹlẹ da sabon biki na hawan dutsen [[Akogba]] . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Mountain Akogba – Hiking Akogba |url=https://akogba.com/}}</ref> Dutsen [[Akogba]] na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da Ekinrin-Adde. Wani kato mai suna Monolith yana zaune a wata fitacciyar jaha a arewa maso yammacin al'ummar da ke kallon garin tare da zama tushen ban mamaki [[Akogba]] Spring. Ko da yake ba shine Dutsen da ke kewaye da wannan kyakkyawan al'umma ba, ana iya cewa shine mafi shahara a tsayin da ya kai kimanin ƙafa 3500(1050m sama da matakin teku) <ref name="auto1" /> == Ilimi == Ekinrin-Adde yana da makarantun firamare da sakandare daban-daban. Yawancin tsofaffin an kafa su ta hanyar ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen jama'a da haɗin gwiwa da masu wa'azi na farko na mishan. Daga cikin fitattun su akwai Makarantar Sakandare ta Baptist, wadda al'umma ta kafa tare da ɗan mishan John B. Hill. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021 |title=Project Construction - Baptist High School Ekinrin |url=http://www.nigeriafaithful.org/projects/construction-projects/baptist-high-school-ekinrin/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Nigeria Faithful Works |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204709/http://www.nigeriafaithful.org/projects/construction-projects/baptist-high-school-ekinrin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sarakuna da sarakunan gargajiya == Ekinrin-Adde ita ce al’umma daya tilo a fadin jihar [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] da ke da Sarakuna biyu masu daraja ta daya da ke yi wa al’umma hidima. [[Fayil:IMG-20230701-WA0024.jpg|thumb|HRH Akinrin Johnson Kolade Otitoju a lokacin nadin sarautar sa. An gudanar da bikin ne tare da halartar Gwamnan Jihar Kogi, Mai Girma Gwamna Yahaya Bello]] [[Fayil:HRH_Oba_Anthony_Bamigbaiye_Idowu,_FCA.jpg|thumb|HRH Oba Anthony Bamigbaiye Idowu da Olori Bridget Fehintola Idowu a Hall of Fame/Gala Night, 2021]] == Fitattun mutane == * [[Abiodun Faleke]] - Dan siyasa kuma dan majalisar wakilan Najeriya a Legas * Olayemi Akinwunmi – Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Tarayya, Lokoja == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9dh4ruahwwnp23t7q5qkmfkm5c9b3qg Gyale 0 116963 891569 876322 2026-08-05T04:37:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ellen_Johnson-Sirleaf3.jpg|right|thumb|Wani taye mai zurfi wanda [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]], Shugaban Laberiya ya sa]] '''Hular kai''' (wanda ake kira '''headwrap''' a Turance) wata irin kyalle ce da mata ke ɗaura wa a kai, wadda aka saba sawa a sassa da dama na '''Yammacin Afirka''' da kuma '''Kudancin Afirka'''. Ana amfani da hular kai ne don ƙawata kai ko kuma a matsayin kayan ado, ko kuma don wani dalili na amfani a wasu wurare daban-daban. Amfanin ta ko ma'anarta na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasa ko addinin masu sa ta. [''ana buƙatar hujja''] A tsakanin mata Yahudawa, tushen umarni daga Littafi Mai Tsarki na buƙatar mace ta rufe kanta yana fitowa daga ''Torah'', musamman a littafin ''Bamidbar'' (Lambobi), sashen ''Parshas Nasso'', inda aka bayyana wajibcin mace mai aure ta rufe gashinta. An ambaci ''eesha sotah'', wato mace wadda mijinta ke zargin ta da aikata alfasha. Littafi Mai Tsarki ya umurci firist (''Kohein'') ya ɗauki wasu matakai don nuna cewa wannan mace ta kauce daga hanyar kamun kai da amana da mafi yawan matan aure ke bi (Rashi 5:15–27). Daya daga cikin matakan shi ne, ''ayat'' din ya ce: '''"ufora es rosh haisha..."''' wato ''"kuma zai bayyana gashin kan matar..."'' (Lambobi 5:18). Ana iya bayyana abu ne kawai idan an rufe shi a baya; a nan Littafi Mai Tsarki yana nufin gashin kan mace mai aure ne. A tsakanin mata Kiristoci a wasu sassa na duniya, kamar a Afirka da Kudancin Tekun Karibiyan, ana sa hular kai a matsayin '''rufe kai''' don bin umarnin da ke cikin 1 Korinthiyawa 11:4–13. Akwai sunayen gargajiya daban-daban don kawuna a kasashe daban-daban, waɗanda ''''''''''dekki'''''''''' haɗa da: '''musor''' ([[Senegal]]), gele (Nigeria), duku ([[Malawi]], [[Ghana]]), '''''dhuku''''' ([[Zimbabwe]]), '''''tukwi''''' ([[Botswana]]), doek ([[Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]]) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogan |first=Amma |date=18 September 2016 |title=Lupita Nyong'o, Who Designed Your Nigerian-Style Head Tie? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/18/493965969/lupita-nyongo-who-designed-your-nigerian-style-head-tie |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> da tignon ([[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tignon Laws: Policing Black Women's Hair in the 18th Century |url=https://www.amplifyafrica.org/post/tignon-law-policing-black-women-s-hair-in-the-18th-century |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904161845/https://www.amplifyafrica.org/post/tignon-law-policing-black-women-s-hair-in-the-18th-century |archive-date=2021-09-04 |access-date=2021-09-03 |website=amplifyafrica.org |language=en}}</ref> Matan Yahudawa suna magana ne game da alaƙar kawunansu a matsayin '''''Tishel''''' ko '''''mitpachat'''''. == Yammacin Afirka == [[Fayil:The_Nigerian_Head_Gear_(Gele)_03.jpg|thumb|Taya ta kai]] A Najeriya, Gele shine salon Yoruba na Najeriya wanda ke da cikakkun bayanai. Kodayake ana iya sa gele don ayyukan yau da kullun, ana sa mafi kyawun bikin bikin aure, abubuwan da suka faru na musamman, da coci da sauran ayyukan addini.<ref>{{Cite web |last=David |date=2016-12-19 |title=Yoruba Head Wrap (Gele) |url=https://www.ileoduduwa.com/yoruba-head-wrap-gele/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=IleOduduwa.com the Source |language=en-US}}</ref> Su ne na musamman ga al'adun Yoruba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ubby |first=Ify |date=2023-11-07 |title=Fashion designer Ify Ubby speaks on the Gele's history and its evolving significance |url=https://vogue.sg/olive-ankara-nigeria-gele/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Vogue Singapore |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421004231/https://vogue.sg/olive-ankara-nigeria-gele/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai nau'ikan Gele daban-daban, wasu sun fi flared wasu kuma fanlike. Geles an ɗaure su a kan kai a cikin yadudduka daban-daban, yawanci ana yin su ne da kayan da suka fi karfi fiye da zane na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evolution of 'gele' as female fashion, from Nigeria to African diaspora stage |url=https://www.africanartswithtaj.com/2020/08/evolution-of-gele-as-female-fashion_9.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Asooke, Damask, Sego, Brocade, Jawu, Seghosen kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da su don Gele, kodayake ana iya amfani da Adire. Wani sabon abu da aka kirkira a baya-bayan nan shine zaɓi na Autogele wanda ya riga ya riga ya yi kuma ya sa shi kamar hular. Lokacin da aka sa, musamman don abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, gele yawanci yana rufe dukkan gashin mace da kunnuwanta. Abinda kawai aka fallasa shi ne fuskarta da zobba a ƙananan ɓangaren kunnuwanta. Gela tana tare da tufafin gargajiya na gida wanda zai iya ko bazai da tsari iri ɗaya da takalmin kai da kansa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HQ |first=CIAFE |date=2022-12-16 |title=The Gele - Explainer |url=https://www.ciafe.org/post/the-gele-explainer |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=CIAFE |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530070928/https://www.ciafe.org/post/the-gele-explainer |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Ghana, damar sanya duku yawanci yakan fada a ranar addini ta Jumma'a, Asabar ko Lahadi. Wannan ya dogara da ko masu sa shi Musulmi ne, Adventists na bakwai ko Kiristoci masu zuwa coci na Lahadi. Mata na Senegal sun kasance suna rufe gashin kansu da kunnuwansu a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun ko abubuwan da suka faru na musamman kamar baftisma ko bukukuwan aure, ko kuma yayin addu'o'i tare da launuka masu launi da ake kira Moussor. An yi kawunan da yadudduka daban-daban tare da alamu daban-daban kuma ana iya tsara su ta hanyoyi daban-daban daga mafi sauki zuwa mafi rikitarwa. == Kudancin Afirka == A Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia, ana amfani da kalmar [[Afrikaans]] doek (ma'anar "tufa") don rufe kan gargajiya da aka yi amfani da shi tsakanin tsofaffin mata a yankunan karkara. Shugabannin Malawi yawanci ƙananan ne kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya idan aka kwatanta da salon Najeriya. Mata suna sa duku a abubuwan da suka faru na musamman kamar jana'iza. Mata na birane da gashi mai laushi suma suna sa duku yayin ziyartar yankunan karkara saboda girmama al'adu. Bugu da kari, mata na iya sa duku yayin bacci don kare gashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-13 |title=African Head Gear and African Identity |url=https://www.globalblackhistory.com/2016/06/african-head-gear-african-identity.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307235347/https://www.globalblackhistory.com/2016/06/african-head-gear-african-identity.html |archive-date=2020-03-07 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Global Black History |language=en-US}}</ref> In South African church services women may wear white "dukus" to cover their heads. At the International Pentecostal churches in South Africa, married women wear white 'dukus'.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Matan Shangaan a Zimbabwe da Afirka ta Kudu suna sa 'dukus' a matsayin kayan ado.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Shangaan Woman" |url=http://www.evanchurch.com/portraits/shangaan%20woman/shangaan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710205123/http://www.evanchurch.com/portraits/shangaan%20woman/shangaan.html |archive-date=10 July 2011 |access-date=2013-10-08 |publisher=Evan Church}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=D. |first=Cannon |date=19 April 2000 |title=Culture of Zimbabwe |url=http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/99_00/AF/Zim/zim_cul.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040716152608/http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/99_00/AF/Zim/zim_cul.htm |archive-date=16 July 2004 |access-date=8 October 2013 |publisher=East Buchanan Community School District.}}</ref> A wasu tarurruka na zamantakewa a Zimbabwe mata na iya sa dhuku.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> A cewar Farfesa Hlonipha Mokoena na Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a da Tattalin Arziki ta Witwatersrand, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hlonipha Mokoena |url=http://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044759/http://wiser.wits.ac.za/users/hlonipha-mokoena |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=11 October 2017 |website=WiSER |publisher=Wits Institute for Social & Economic Research, [[University of the Witwatersrand|University of Witwatersrand]]}}</ref> a tarihi an ɗora doek ko bargo a kan mata baƙi a yankuna da yawa ta hanyar yarjejeniya ko doka a matsayin hanyar sarrafa sha'awa da ban mamaki wanda ya "rashin hankali" ga fararen maza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khoabane |first=Rea |date=31 January 2016 |title=Doeks: mark of a good woman – or a bad hair day? |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/opinion/2016/01/31/Doeks-mark-of-a-good-woman-or-a-bad-hair-day |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214182110/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/opinion/2016/01/31/Doeks-mark-of-a-good-woman-or-a-bad-hair-day |archive-date=14 February 2017 |website=Sunday Times |publisher=TimesLIVE |format=PDF}}</ref> 2016 ya ga sake farfado da sanya takardu ta hanyar motsi na [[FeesMustFall|#FeesMustFall]] tsakanin dalibai a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khoabane |first=Rea |date=2 June 2016 |title=The doek - more than just a fashion statement |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/06/02/the-doek---more-than-just-a-fashion-statement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012094706/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2016/06/02/the-doek---more-than-just-a-fashion-statement |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=[[Sowetan LIVE]] |publisher=Tiso Blackstar Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pumza Fihlani |date=11 June 2016 |title=How South African women are reclaiming the headscarf |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36461213 |website=BBC News}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Takarda * [[Hijab]] * Tignon == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Cite web |year=2014 |title=How to tie or wear your African head-gear (gele) |url=http://www.africastyles.com/resources/head-wrap.html |website=Africastyles}} * {{Cite web |last=Thony Anyiam |year=2013 |title=How to tie headwrap and wrapper |url=http://www.anyiams.com/wrapping.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070405081319/http://www.anyiams.com/wrapping.htm |archive-date=2007-04-05 |access-date=2007-07-04 |website=Anyiams Creations International}} * {{Cite web |title=Career Wear: Abada ca-1016 |url=http://www.africastyles.com/Women/career-wear/457.shtml |access-date=11 October 2017 |website=Africastyles}} * {{Cite web |title=Elegant Evening Wear: Mali High Klass ee-1370 |url=http://www.africastyles.com/Women/elegant-evening-wear/465.shtml |access-date=11 October 2017 |website=Africastyles}} *   *   {{Folk costume}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tu3hl2m93tvf6yqnrdnnocw63epe3jl Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye 0 117447 891316 719384 2026-08-04T12:06:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye''' (an haife shi 11 ga watan Yuni shekara alif 1965) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212021339/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=55 |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=2019-11-16 |website=Parliament Of Ghana}}</ref> ɗan jaridar wasanni ne kuma ɗan siyasa [[Ghana|ɗan ƙasar Ghana]] kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai na yanzu na mazabar Odododiodio . <ref name="iikiki">{{Cite web |title=Nii Lante Vanderpuye |url=http://www.ghanamps.gov.gh/news-events/details.php?id=412 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127041805/http://www.ghanamps.gov.gh/news-events/details.php?id=412 |archive-date=2016-01-27 |access-date=2013-04-09 |publisher=Ghana MPs}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan matasa da wasanni da mataimakin ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu a gwamnatin [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]] . == Ilimi == Shi tsohon dalibi ne na makarantar sakandare ta Bechem Presbyterian Boys da Makarantar Mfantsipim, Cape Coast. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament |url=http://www.parliament.gh/members_details.php?ddt=252 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130815135732/http://www.parliament.gh/members_details.php?ddt=252 |archive-date=15 August 2013 |access-date=15 August 2013}}</ref> Ya yi digirin digirgir a fannin Mulki & Jagoranci daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa ta Ghana]] (GIMPA) da kuma BA a fannin Turanci, Falsafa da Classics daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . <ref name=":0"/> == Sana'a == Daga 1990 zuwa 2004, ya yi aiki a gidan rediyon Ghana inda ya zama mataimakin shugaban wasanni. <ref name=":0"/> Tsakanin 2005 zuwa 2008, ya kasance Shugaban Wasanni a Network Broadcasting Limited. <ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye Kirista ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=55 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212021339/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=55 |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Ya kasance mataimaki na musamman kuma daraktan ayyuka a fadar shugaban kasa karkashin tsohon shugaban kasar Ghana Mills <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nii Lante Vanderpuije wins Odododiodioo primaries – ALLGHANANEWS |url=https://allghananews.com/nii-lante-vanderpuije-wins-odododiodioo-primaries/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905144234/https://allghananews.com/nii-lante-vanderpuije-wins-odododiodioo-primaries/ |archive-date=5 September 2019 |access-date=2020-12-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Mills Will Not Campaign; His Work Will Speak For Him - Nii Lantey Vanderpuye |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201207/124976.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430140535/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201207/124976.php |archive-date=30 April 2023 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news}}</ref> da kuma tsohon mataimakin ministan kasuwanci da masana'antu karkashin John Mahama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Know Your Deputy Ministers |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/467422/1/know-your-deputy-ministers.html}}</ref> === Dan majalisa === An zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa a zaben 2012, inda ya fafata da Victor Okaikoi na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party . Vanderpuye ya kasance mai kwarin gwiwa game da damarsa na yin nasara, inda ya bayyana a watan Nuwamba 2012 cewa idan ya samu kasa da kashi 65% na kuri'un, zai bai wa Okaikoi kujerar. A ƙarshe, Vanderpuye ya yi nasara da ƙarami fiye da yadda ake tsammani, tare da kuri'u 45,967 (63%) a kan 26,269 (36%) na Okaikoi da 745 (1%) ga Emmanuel Odoi na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Convention . A watan Disambar 2016 ya ci gaba da zama dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Odododio da kuri'u 36,606 da ke wakiltar kashi 57.04% yayin da abokin hamayyarsa na New Patriotic Party wanda dan takararta, ya samu kuri'u 26,671 da ke wakiltar 41.56%. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ofori-Boateng |first=Pamela |date=2016-12-09 |title=Nii Lantey Vanderpuye retains Odododiodio parliamentary seat |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/12/09/nii-lantey-vanderpuye-retains-odododiodio-parliamentary-seat/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Ghana Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Odododiodioo Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/odododiodioo/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191012/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/odododiodioo/index.php |archive-date=1 May 2023 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a majalisa a matsayin babban mamba a kwamitin raya kananan hukumomi da raya karkara da kuma mamba a kwamitin gata da nadi. Ya sake lashe zaben 2020 da kashi 53.83% akan abokin hamayyarsa Nii Lante Bannerman na jam'iyyar NPP wanda ya samu kashi 45.31%. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Odododiodioo Summary - 2020 Elections |url=https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2020/result_constituency.asp?constituency_id=1529 |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> Yayin da zaben 2024 ke gabatowa, Edwin Nii Lante Vanderpuye ya zabi kada ya sake neman tsayawa takara a majalisar dokoki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Nii Lante Vanderpuye bows out of Parliament after 2024 - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nii-lante-vanderpuye-bows-out-of-parliament-after-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bayyana takaicin da ‘yan majalisar ke fuskanta wajen gudanar da ayyukansu, musamman yadda ake tafka barna a majalisar. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen sau da yawa suna hana membobin samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don ciyar da aikin majalisa yadda ya kamata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-16 |title=I'm frustrated - Nii Lante Vanderpuye on why he's leaving Parliament |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/11/im-frustrated-nii-lante-vanderpuye-on-why-hes-leaving-parliament/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Mataimakin Ministan Matasa da Wasanni === A cikin Maris 2013, an nada shi a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu a karkashin gwamnatin John Mahama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2013 |title=26 Deputy Ministers named |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/26-deputy-ministers-named.html |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2015 |title=Nomination of appointees to assemblies should not be partisan |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/nomination-of-appointees-to-assemblies-should-not-be-partisan.html |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> aiki a wannan mukamin har zuwa 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Vanderpuye, Edwin Nii Lantey |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5482 |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=GhanaMps. |archive-date=2020-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714011438/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5482 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya koma mukamin mataimakin ministan kananan hukumomi da raya karkara inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quao |first=Nathan |title=Nii Lante Vanderpuye nominated as new Sports Minister {{!}} Citi Sport |url=https://sport.citifmonline.com/2016/01/19/nii-lante-vanderpuye-nominated-as-new-sports-minister/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104081857/http://sport.citifmonline.com/2016/01/19/nii-lante-vanderpuye-nominated-as-new-sports-minister/ |archive-date=4 January 2018 |access-date=2020-12-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=2016-01-19 |title=Ghana's president reshuffles ministers |url=https://www.africanews.com/2016/01/19/ghana-s-president-reshuffles-ministers/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-19 |title=Nii Lantey Vanderpuye takes over as new Sports Minister |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/reshuffle-nii-lantey-vanderpuye-takes-over-as-new-sports-minister/dedp4cr |access-date=2020-12-04 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] slknb8bcwoqyzjdh6k7eg7vrjzprgvg Grace Ineza Umuhoza 0 121282 891555 886137 2026-08-05T02:37:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ineza Umuhoza Grace (an haife ta a shekara ta 1996) 'yar gwagwarmayar kare muhalli ce, mai fafutukar kare muhallu kuma mai kula da muhalli daga Kigali, Rwanda . Ita ce Shugaba na The Green Protector, [1] mai kula da kungiyar matasa ta Loss and Damage [2] da kuma Mataimakin Bincike don aikin CCLAD. [3] Ta kasance mai lashe kyautar Citizen ta Duniya a shekarar 2023.[4] == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Grace kuma ta girma a Kigali, Rwanda. Guguwa ta mamaye gidanta tana da shekaru 5, kuma CNET ta ba da rahoto game da ita a matsayin wanda ke da masaniyar [[Rashin da lalacewa (canjin yanayi)|asara da lalacewa]] ; <ref name=":7" /> bala'o'i irin su ambaliya suna zama ruwan dare a Ruwanda. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=This ecofeminist inspires young people to take action |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311145305/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/impact/article/ineza-umuhoza-grace-advocate-educator-climate-change |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Impact |language=en}}</ref> Grace ta samar da wani fim mai raye-raye-taimakawa ta hanyar tallafi daga National Geographic Society - don ilmantar da matasa game da batutuwan sauyin yanayi. Grace ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Injiniya da Ruwa a cikin 2018 daga [[Jami'ar Rwanda]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ineza Umuhoza Grace: Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/ |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=CCLAD |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/team/ineza-grace/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta yi karatun diflomasiyyar sauyin yanayi tare da Cibiyar Horo da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNITAR) da Gudanar da Kasuwanci tare da Haɗin gwiwar Kasuwancin Mata na Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation |url=https://www.weareawec.org/ |website=African Women Entrepreneurship Cooperation}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Explorer Directory: Ineza Umuhoza Grace |url=https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org |archive-date=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://explorer-directory.nationalgeographic.org/ineza-umuhoza-grace |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Grace ta zama mai sha'awar ayyukan tsaka tsaki na ƙasa, irin su kiyayewa na [[Kongo Basin]], a lokacinta a Wakilin Matasa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), kuma a matsayin MILEAD (Moremi Initiative Leadership Empowerment and Development), a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Moremi Initiative |url=https://moremiinitiative.org/ |website=Moremi Initiative}}</ref> Ta zo ta sami The Green Fighter <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Green Protector |url=https://www.thegreenprotector.org/ |website=The Green Protector}}</ref> daga baya, Green Fighter <ref name=":2" /> ta hanyar fahimtar mahimmancin haɗin gwiwar matasa . Da farko, The Green Protector <ref name=":2"/> yana da nufin haɗa kan matasa a cikin sashin kare muhalli don samar da ingantaccen yanayi mai kariya a cikin al'ummar yankin. Burin kungiyar ya kasance iri daya, amma yanzu a duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ineza Umuhoza Grace |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/collection/ineza-umuhoza-grace/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> The Green Protector <ref name=":2" /> yana inganta ƙirƙirar dandamali na sadarwar matasa, haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa, tunani mai zurfi, aikin yanayi da ilimin muhalli, yanzu yana shiga tare da 25 makarantu da jami'o'i daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story – The Green Protector |url=https://www.thegreenprotector.org/our-story/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203317/https://www.thegreenprotector.org/our-story/ |archive-date=2023-04-17 |access-date=2023-04-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya ba da damar Grace ta yi aiki tare da matasa 3500, baya ga shirya ranar tsaftacewa don tsaftace robobi a cikin al'ummar yankin da kuma gudanar da tattaunawa ta gaskiya tsakanin dalibai daga Jami'ar Rwanda da Jami'ar Kudu-maso-Yamma a [[Sin|kasar Sin]] game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2023-03-29 |title=One environmentalist's drive to get youth to be climate actors |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6216/news/environment/one-environmentalists-drive-to-get-youth-to-be-climate-actors |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Grace ta kasance mai shiga tsakani game da sauyin yanayi ga tawagar Rwanda zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Tsarin Tsarin Sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC), inda ta yi aiki a matsayin abokin hulɗar matasa don ba da ra'ayin matasa game da muhimman batutuwa, kamar sauyin yanayi, ga gwamnati. <ref name=":0"/> Kwarewar Ineza ta baya ta hanyar karatun UNITAR ya taimaka mata a wannan matsayi. <ref name=":1"/> A cikin 2019, ta zama Jagoran Matasa na Shugabancin Afirka don Cohort 35, inda aka horar da ta kan yadda za ta zama jagora mai kawo sauyi a Afirka kuma ta zama Mai Siffar Duniya ta Kigali Hub. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Shapers- Kigali Hub |url=https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/kigali-hub |website=Global Shapers- Kigali Hub}}</ref> Wannan rawar ya ba ta damar yin hulɗa tare da shugabanni a Kigali don tasiri manufofin ilimi, aiki, lafiya, da muhalli. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2020, Grace ta zama mai ba da gudummawar shirin JWH <ref>{{Cite web |title=JWH Initiative- Ineza Grace |url=https://www.jwhinitiative.org/participants/ineza-grace/ |website=JWH Initiative |access-date=2025-11-28 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606130122/http://www.jwhinitiative.org/participants/ineza-grace/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> -ta yi amfani da tallafin don shiga horon horo a Cibiyar Ci gaban Green Green, inda ta taimaka aiwatar da ayyukan tare da tallafawa haɗin gwiwar matasa daidai da yanayin muhalli na Ruwanda da manufofin sauyin yanayi. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2020, Grace ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar da ta fara Haɗin gwiwar Matasa Asara da Lalacewa, <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition |url=https://ldyouth.org/ |website=Loss and Damage Youth Coalition}}</ref> ƙawance na sama da matasa 600 daga ƙasashe 60 daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last=EWTN |title=Make Youth “active stakeholders in the fight against climate change”: Global Youth Leader |url=https://www.aciafrica.org/news/6888/make-youth-active-stakeholders-in-the-fight-against-climate-change-global-youth-leader |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=ACI Africa |language=en}}</ref> Manufar su ita ce su yi wa shugabannin duniya hisabi da kuma bukace su da su dauki mataki kan magance asarar muhalli da barna. The Green Protector <ref name=":2"/> wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyar kafa haɗin gwiwar. <ref name=":4"/> 2022 ya kawo Grace zuwa taron duniya [[Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2022|na COP27]] game da sauyin yanayi, inda ta taimaka gabatar da bukatar da yawa daga masu fafutukar matasa na neman asusu don rufe asara da diyya. Gangamin ya yi nasara, yayin da shugabannin duniya suka amince su ba da gudummawar su don magance illar asara da barna ga kasashe masu rauni. <ref name=":7"/> Grace ta bi aikinta don aikin CCLAD (Siyasa na Canjin Canjin Yanayi da Lalacewa), <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Climate Change Loss and Damage |url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/ |website=Climate Change Loss and Damage |access-date=2025-11-28 |archive-date=2024-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421142816/https://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> wayar da kan jama'a game da yadda ayyukan zamantakewa da siyasa a matakan kasa da kasa da na kasa ke shafar tsarin da aka saba ginawa, isarwa da gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.climate-loss-damage.eu/about/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=CCLAD |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai fafutuka game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] da kuma [[Ecofeminism|yanayin mata]] ta hanyar aikinta a The Green Protector <ref name=":2"/> da kuma posts akan Twitter. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Twitter- Ineza Grace |url=https://twitter.com/inezagrrace?lang=en |website=Twitter- Ineza Grace}}</ref> == Kyauta == Grace ta sami wasu lambobin yabo don ƙoƙarinta a cikin [[Ecofeminism|yanayin mata]], [[Motsi na yanayi|gwagwarmayar yanayi]] da muhalli. {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Sunan lambar yabo ! Shekara ! Ƙungiya ! Dalili |- | Den Dragon: Daidaita-Tsarin Al'umma | 2020 | IIED <ref name=":0"/> | Tunanin kasuwancinta don mayar da ayyukan daidaita yanayin yanayi zuwa ayyukan jari. <ref name=":8" /> |- | Matashi Explorer | 2020 | National Geographic <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0" /> | Gudunmawar ƙungiyarta, The Green Protector, <ref name=":2"/> tare da aikinta na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Matasa na Loss and Damage, <ref name=":3"/> UNFCCC da Cohort 35. <ref name=":1" /> |- | Manyan Jagorori 100 na Tsaron Afirka | 2021 | Manyan jagororin kiyayewa na Afirka 100 <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Grace Umuhoza Ineza |url=https://www.top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417203318/https://www.top100youth.africa/top-100/grace-umuhoza-ineza |archive-date=2023-04-17 |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=Young African Conservation Leaders |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> | Ayyukanta tare da ƙungiyarta, The Green Protector, <ref name=":2" /> da duk abin da ta iya cimma. Ta fuskanci yanayi, kiyayewa da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] tare da taswirar hanya ta musamman wacce ke baiwa matasa damar samar da kansu don zama masu kawo canji a cikin al'ummominsu. <ref name=":9" /> |- | Kyautar Jama'a ta Duniya | 2023 | Jama'ar Duniya <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Global Citizen Prize Winner Ineza |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/action/congratulate-global-citizen-prize-winner-ineza/ |website=Global Citizen}}</ref> | Ƙwararriyar ra'ayinta [[Ecofeminism|na zamantakewar mata]] a cikin gwagwarmayar tabbatar da adalci a duniya da jagorancinta mai mahimmanci don asara da lalata ayyukan yanayi. <ref name=":10" /> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Grace, Ineza Umuhoza}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 7xovhpf9ufyte2jiaabvh18gmhwxdrx Hanyar Haast-Hollyford 0 121445 891603 790409 2026-08-05T07:18:01Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:HaastHollyford.jpg|right|thumb|Hanyoyin da aka tsara don hanya suna bin ko dai bakin teku ko kwarin cikin gida amma dukansu sun ƙare ta hanyar Hollyford Valley.]] Hanyar Haast-Hollyford ko Haast-Hollyford Babbar titin shawara ce mai tsayi don haɗa Haast ta kwarin Hollyford zuwa Milford Sound da Te Anau a Kudancin Tsibirin New Zealand. Tun a shekarun 1880 aka fara gabatar da shawarwarin wannan hanyar. An ba da shawarar shawarwari don hanya tun daga shekarun 1870. Da farko an ga hanyar a matsayin hanyar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Jackson Bay daga filayen zinare na Otago, amma ba a taɓa iya haye Main Divide zuwa Lake Wakatipu ba. Duk da haka, an gina hanya a arewa daga Lake Te Anau zuwa Milford Sound, wanda shine babbar hanyar yawon bude ido, kuma mafi yawan shawarwari na baya-bayan nan sun mayar da hankali kan fadada wannan hanyar arewa. Kungiyar Kudancin tsibirin ta ba da umarni a kai a kai daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1980 don tallafawa hanya amma Ma'aikatar Ayyuka, sashen gwamnati da ke da alhakin gina hanya a wannan lokacin, akai-akai ya bayyana cewa irin wannan hanyar ba ta da fifiko ga kudade. == Fa'idodi da rashin daidaituwa na hanyar Haast-Hollyford == Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan gina hanyar shine don sauƙaƙe tarkon yawon bude ido a Milford Sound. A halin yanzu, yawancin masu yawon bude ido sun fito ne daga Queenstown kuma wannan yana haifar da babban aiki a tsakiyar rana. Yankin karshe na hanyar yanzu daga kwarin Hollyford zuwa Milford Sound shima yana ƙarƙashin rufewa da yawa a lokacin hunturu, yana rage yawan masu yawon bude ido a kusa da Te Anau. Gina hanyar Haast-Hollyford shima zai baiwa masu yawon bude ido damar ganin mafi yawan Tsibirin Kudu a cikin lokaci guda. Hanyar Haast-Hollyford za ta rage tsawon lokacin da masu yawon bude ido za su yi tafiya idan suna tafiya tsakanin Fiordland da gabar Yamma. Tuki mai nisa da aka gina don rage lalacewar muhalli da haɓaka jin daɗin yawon shakatawa zai sanya Haast nisan kilomita 175 (109 mi) daga Milford Sound; Nisa a halin yanzu shine kilomita 539 (335 mi). Shawara ɗaya tana da tsawon kilomita 198 Akwai gagarumin adawa ga waɗannan shawarwari, duk da haka, saboda kowace hanya dole ne ta bi ta ƙasar da ba ta lalace ba na kyawawan dabi'u; yankin yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Fiordland, wani yanki na Te Wahipounamu Heritage Area. Masu rajin kare muhalli suna adawa da gina hanyar. An estimated cost for the construction of the road is NZ$300 million, and it is widely acknowledge that the proposed road would likely be a toll road.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> The high cost of constructing the road is given as a reason for putting it on an indefinite hold. Furthermore, the $300 million is disputed by opposers to the road. For example, Federated Mountain Clubs has obtained cost assessments from two independent roading engineers, both of whom estimate the construction cost to be at least $1 billion. == Yanayin ƙasa == Hanyoyin da aka tsara na hanyar da aka tsara za su bi ta yankin da ke da ɗan ƙaramin tasiri ga ɗan adam. Yankin yana cike da kudan zuma da dajin podocarp wanda ba a taba shiga ba. Akwai koguna da tafkuna da dama a kan hanyar da aka tsara. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka tsara za ta bi ta Fiordland National Park da Dutsen Aspiring National Park da kuma Awarua Point Conservation Area, kuma za ta bi Hollyford Track (waƙar da ke cikin Hollyford Valley). == Tarihin shawarwarin hanya == === Karni na goma sha tara === [[Fayil:1884_map.jpg|thumb|Photolithographed a Babban Ofishin Bincike, Wellington NZ Agusta 1884. Taswirar hanyar da aka tsara don haɗa ƙauyukan Martins Bay da Jacksons Bay]] Shugabannin lardin Otago sun gano bukatar hanya tsakanin wuraren zinare na Otago da Kudancin Westland a 1865, kuma sun aika da mai binciken Vincent Pyke don bincikawa. Pyke ya dawo da ra'ayin hanyar jirgin kasa ta Clyde-Haast wanda ba a taɓa cika shi ba amma ya ba da wasu tushe don hanyar zuwa Wānaka, wanda ya buɗe shekaru 100 bayan haka. An yi la'akari da hanyar Haast-Hollyford a matsayin mabuɗin ci gaban Westland. Tarihin hanyar ya samar da wani babi ba-kanmi ba a cikin labarin sasanta gabar tekun Yamma a cikin shekarun 1870, wanda Firayim Minista Sir Julius Vogel ya inganta. A cikin 1876 Duncan Macfarlane, wakilin Gwamnati a Jackson Bay, da Gerhard Mueller, babban mai binciken Westland, sun mai da hankali kan hanyar tsaunuka a 1876 da 1884 bi da bi. Wasu gine-gine sun faru a ƙarshen arewa a cikin 1885, kuma a cikin 1891. Mueller da James McKerrow sun tsara wani tsari na yankin tsakanin Kogin Jackson da Hollyford a 1884, suna nuna hanyar da aka tsara tsakanin Lake Wakatipu da Jacksons Bay. An buga wannan a cikin ƙarin bayani ga mujallar Majalisar Wakilai 1884 Volume 1 Page 73, yanzu ana gudanar da shi a National Archives . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Mueller ya ba da shawarar hanya daga Cascade Plateau zuwa mahaɗar Kogin Pyke da Hollyford. An kammala cikakken bincike da shirin tsayin kilomita 47 game da wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1898 akwai hanyar dawakai tsakanin Cascade da Barn Bay. === 1901–1945 === Ba a yi komai ba a kan hanyar da aka tsara har zuwa [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]], lokacin da aka gan shi a matsayin yiwuwar tsarin aikin agaji na rashin aikin yi. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1931 kimanin mutane 200 ne suka yi aiki a kan hanyar Milford, a cikin watanni 18, an kammala kilomita 33 (53) na hanya. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1934, an kammala binciken farko na ƙasar dutse wanda Milford Road za ta wuce. A watan Yuni, an ba da sanarwar cewa Gwamnati ta yanke shawarar kammala Titin Eglinton Valley zuwa Milford Sound. Hanyar ya zuwa yanzu ta isa Marian Corner, inda hanyar ta hadu da kwarin kogin Hollyford. Ketare babban rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin Kogin Hollyford da Milford Sound basin shine mafi wahala da tsada a cikin aikin, kuma ya wajabta tukin dogon rami. An yi la'akari da cewa Gertrude Saddle shine mafi kyawun wurin da za a ketare rabe-raben, amma tunnel ɗin da ake buƙata akan wannan hanya an gano kusan sarƙoƙi 107 (7,100 ft; 2,200 m) a tsayi, yayin da yana yiwuwa a wuce ƙarƙashin Saddle na Homer tare da rami ɗaya na sarƙoƙi 60 (4 000 ft);. J.H. Christie da T. Evans, magatakarda na garin Hokitika, sun ba da rahoto da kimantawa ga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a na hanyar Haast Pass da aka tsara a 1935. Rahoton ya haifar da sabuwar Gwamnatin Kwadago ta amince da hanyar Bruce Bay zuwa Haast Pass, da kuma hanyar Haast zuwa Hollyford a matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan aikin. Christie ya ce hanyar da ta tashi daga kogin Arowhata zuwa Upper Hollyford an kiyasta kudinta ya kai fam 175,000. A ranar 11 ga Afrilu ma'aikatan gaba a hanyar Te Anau-Milford Sound sun isa tukin mil 58, kusan mil 5 (kilomita 8.0) daga ƙofar gabas zuwa ramin. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamba, an kammala shirye-shirye don tukin rami ta hanyar Homer Saddle a tsayin ƙafa 3,400 (1,000 m) sama da matakin teku. An yi tsammanin aikin zai kasance a hankali amma ba shi da matsala, tare da ƙugiya ta ratsa ta cikin ƙugiya a ƙarshen duka da ƙaƙƙarfan dutse mai ƙarfi a tsakani. An samar da wutar lantarki don aikin atisayen iska guda 12 da aka samu daga wata tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai nisan mil shida daga wurin da ake gudanar da ayyukan. Tunneling duk an yi daga Kudancin Kudancin, saboda ba shi yiwuwa a canja wurin kayan da [[shuka]] zuwa sashin Cleddau Valley. An kiyasta cewa hanyar mai nisan mil 72 (kilomita 116) daga Te Anau zuwa Milford Sound za ta kammala a ƙarshen 1937. Daga baya a wannan shekarar J. Collins, Kwamishinan Kasuwanci na New Zealand kuma wakilin Sashen yawon bude ido da wayar da kan jama'a a Kanada da Amurka, ya bayyana cewa idan an samar da wuraren da suka dace don matafiya, titin zuwa Milford zai kasance masu yawon bude ido 25,000 a lokacin bazara. Yawancin waɗanda za su ziyarci hanyar za su kasance 'yan New Zealand, amma idan an ba da sha'awar ta da kyau a ƙasashen waje zai jawo dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ketare. Ya ba da shawarar cewa a yi tanadi, idan zai yiwu, na jiragen sama. Ƙarshen Hollyford na ƙarshen hanyar Haast-Hollyford ya fara zuwa arewa daga Marian Corner a watan Agusta 1936. An kuma fara aiki a kan hanya a wata mai zuwa a South Westland, tare da ra'ayin samar da aikin agaji ga marasa aikin yi. An yi watsi da aikin saboda buƙatun ƙoƙarin yaƙi a watan Oktoba 1940. Wannan ya kawo ƙarshen aiki a kan hanya har zuwa 1960s. === 1946–1975 === Littafin Alice McKenzie na 1947 Pioneers of Martins Bay: Rayuwa a Matsakaicin Mafi Nisa na New Zealand ya rubuta sha'awar mazauna don hanyar kan hanyar Haast–Hollyford. Wani karin bayani ga littafin na Dr F. G. Hall-Jones ya lura cewa mazauna yankin da ake zargin shugabannin lardin Otago ba za su goyi bayan hanyar ba saboda za ta kai kai tsaye daga filayen zinare na Wakatipu zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Jackson Bay da kuma zuwa [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], wanda ya bar 'yan kasuwar Dunedin "ba a cikin hoto". A cikin 1961, Ma'aikatar Labour ta ba da kuɗi don samun ma'aikata na lokaci-lokaci a yankin kudancin hanya tare da kwarin Hollyford, wanda ya kai ga Humboldt Falls (wanda aka fi sani da High Falls) inda aikin ya ci gaba har zuwa 1967. An gudanar da aikin kulawa na yau da kullum tun, ko da yake daga 1968 Westland County Council ya fara gina hanya a kudu zuwa kwarin Hollyford, a ƙarshe. T.C.H. Mouatt ya sake yin wani rahoto kan yuwuwar hanyar Haast –Hollyford a shekarar 1964, yana mai cewa "hanyar a bayyane ce kuma kyakkyawar yiwuwar titin". A shekara mai zuwa Firayim Minista Keith Holyoake ya buɗe hanyar Haast Pass. Ya bayyana a lokacin cewa yana fatan komawa Westland nan da shekaru 10 don buɗe hanyar Haast–Hollyford da aka kammala. A cikin 1973, an shirya shirye-shiryen haƙar asbestos masu daraja daga Red Hills. Mackley da Graham Ferguson wani kamfanin [[hakar ma'adinai]] na Amurka Kennecott Utah Copper Ltd da Cassiar Explorations Ltd, wani kamfanin Kanada ne suka yi amfani da su don gina hanyar da ta tashi daga ƙafar Red Hills zuwa Big Bay. Don samun injin zuwa Big Bay, an kora ta daga Kwarin Cascade. Tsakanin Yuni da Oktoba biyu bulldozers, Caterpillar D8H da TD20 na kasa da kasa tare da taraktocin tallafi guda biyu, sledges na man fetur, wani gidan bunk, da gidan dafa abinci sun ratsa kasar tare da bakin teku zuwa yammacin ƙarshen Pyke Gorge. Sakamakon faduwar darajar tsare-tsaren asbestos na ma'adinan an yi watsi da su. ’Yan’uwan Ferguson sun koma bin hanyarsu, inda suka dawo kwarin Cascade a watan Disamba. === 1976–2000 === An yi ƙarin rahoton yuwuwar da kimanta aikin injiniya a cikin 1976 ta Injiniya Ma'aikatar Ayyuka R.C. Holland, kuma a cikin 1987 ta Manajan gundumar Westland Jon Olsen. Rahoton na baya-bayan nan ya kiyasta kudin hanyar da ta kai dala miliyan 40. McDermott Miller ya yi ƙarin farashi na ainihin hanyar cikin gida a cikin 1989. Wannan ya sanya farashin ya kai dala miliyan 70. Daga baya a wannan shekarar rahoton Sashen yawon shakatawa da Jama'a na New Zealand, "Haast-Hollyford Road Reconnaissance" ya kiyasta kudin a dala miliyan 101.1. The campaign for a road was bolstered by the move to name the South Island west coast as a [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|World Heritage Site]]. A visit to the area in 1989 by conservationist Dr David Bellamy. Bellamy said that the road should be restarted as "travellers should have access to an area people have fought hard to preserve as a World Heritage Site".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2010}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Minister of Tourism Jonathan Hunt, pledged support for a "World Heritage Drive", saying that he and then Minister of Conservation Philip Woollaston were in favour of the link, and that the proposal was on its way to the Parliamentary select committee for economic development. In 1990, 2.6 million hectares of land – almost 10% of New Zealand's total land area – was designated as the Te Wahipounamu World Heritage area. This area includes four national parks (Westland Tai Poutini, Aoraki / Mount Cook, Mount Aspiring and Fiordland), as well as the land beside and in between them. A lokacin bude sabon ginin tashar tashar Milford Sound a cikin 1992, Ministan Yawon shakatawa na New Zealand John Banks ya ce "…. Kammala titin Lower Hollyford-West Coast shine kawai matakin ma'ana mai aminci don haɓaka yawon shakatawa zuwa wannan yanki…"{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2010}} Ƙarin ƙarfafawa don sake la'akari da zaɓin hanya ya fito ne daga tsohon Ministan yawon shakatawa Rob Talbot. Injiniyoyin farar hula Duffill Watts & King sun shirya rahoto kan hanyar da aka fi so a bakin teku a shekara mai zuwa, inda suka kiyasta yawan kuɗin da aka kashe na dala miliyan 85. Majalisun gundumomin Southland da Westland, McConnell Dowell da wasu 'yan majalisar dokoki sun ba da shawarar cewa za a iya bude hanyar bakin teku nan da shekara ta 1997. Magajin garin Southland Frana Cardno ta ce hanyar za ta kasance babbar hanyar yawon bude ido a kanta. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2010}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> An yi cikakken bayani game da sabbin shawarwari a cikin wata kasida a cikin Fiordland Focus wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa hanyar da aka tsara za ta rage tafiyar daga Milford zuwa Haast daga sa'o'i biyar zuwa sa'o'i biyu. Shirin ya ƙunshi sabbin abubuwa da yawa, kuma ya fifita ba da kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen sa daga hanyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba, wani ɓangare ta hanyar sanya shi hanyar biyan kuɗi. An tsara hanyar da aka tsara don dacewa da ƙa'idodin muhalli masu girma. A cikin 1994, Southland Times ta gudanar da jerin labarai a kan hanyar da aka tsara, wanda Les Hutchins, mai kiyayewa da mai gudanar da yawon bude ido ya rubuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2010 |title=Leslie Hutchins Conservation Foundation |url=http://www.realjourneys.co.nz/en/about-us/our-history/ |access-date=20 October 2010 |publisher=Real Journeys}}</ref> Hutchins ya lura cewa hanyar da ke kan Wilmot Pass da titin Milford shaida ne cewa za a iya sanya hanyar haɗi tare da ƙarancin lalacewa ga muhalli. Ya ce ko shakka babu hanyar za ta yi matukar amfani ga harkokin yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa da na cikin gida, sannan kuma ya yi nuni da irin tasirin da tsarin da aka tsara zai yi kan matsalolin cunkoso masu hadari a titin Milford. A watan Agusta, Majalisar Gundumar Southland da Westland sun ba da goyon baya ga hanyar haɗi kuma sun fara binciken yiwuwar ta a matsayin hanyar haraji ta amfani da kudade masu zaman kansu. An yi la'akari da adadin $ 20 ga kowane mai amfani. Dukkanin majalisun sun amince da darajar muhalli na yankin da kuma bukatar duk wani gini da za a gudanar da shi zuwa ka'idoji masu tsauri. A ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, wakilan daga majalisun gundumar da kamfanin gine-gine na McConnell Dowell sun sadu da Ministocin Yawon Bude Ido da Karewa, kuma bayan wannan taron sun ba da shawarar a shirya binciken yiwuwar (bincike don kashe $ 360,000) kuma an fara tsarin shawarwarin jama'a. A shirye-shiryen wannan Majalisar Gundumar Westland ta bincika layin hanya zuwa kwarin Cascade har zuwa Barn Bay a cikin 1997, a cikin ƙoƙari da ya gaza don halatta wannan ɓangaren hanya. A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2000, ɗan kasuwa na Nelson Fred Willetts ya ba da shawara a cikin Nelson Mail cewa Tushen Tarihi na Duniya wanda ya haɗa da titin Karamea–Collingwood da titin Haast–Hollyford zai kawo dama mara iyaka zuwa New Zealand, buɗe damar yawon buɗe ido da aiki ga ƙasar. An kiyasta kudin kowace hanya ta kusan dala miliyan 130. === Tun daga shekara ta 2000 === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2001, an rarraba wani littafi na tabloid ta hanyar jaridu na yau da kullun a Tsibirin Kudancin ta hanyar masu goyon bayan shirin don haɗin Haast-Hollyford da Karamea-Collingwood. Kungiyoyin muhalli sun soki littafin, ciki har da Kifi da Wasan New Zealand, Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society of New Zealand da Green Party. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Richard |date=14 May 2001 |title=Why it's time to kill the loopy road idea |url=http://www.greens.org.nz/features/why-its-time-kill-loopy-road-idea |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524013647/http://www.greens.org.nz/features/why-its-time-kill-loopy-road-idea |archive-date=24 May 2010 |access-date=13 October 2010 |publisher=Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand}}</ref> Kafin zaben shekara ta 2002, an baiwa jagoran 'yan adawa Don Brash da sauran su jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na leken asiri a tsawon tsawon hanyar; duk sun yarda da ra'ayi da tsari. A cikin 2004, Ted Loose, Shugaban Muhalli Southland, ya ce a cikin wani edita cewa "tun da aka fara amfani da [hanyar Haast-Hollyford], ci gaban da aka samu ta hanyar mutanen da ke ikirarin kula da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da tasirin muhalli na gina hanya ta hanyar National Park. Kuma duk lokacin, matsalolin da ke hade da cunkoso a Milating. Magajin gari da aka sake zaba na gundumar Southland, Frana Cardno, ta ce a cikin wani edita ga Southland Times a ranar 9 ga Oktoba cewa shawarar hanyar Haast–Hollyford na bukatar a farfado da ita. A cikin 2005, Ma'aikatar Tsare-tsare ta yi kira da a gabatar da wani sabon shirin kiyayewa. Tsohuwar shirin ya ce hanya ta cikin kwarin Hollyford "ba shi yiwuwa". Sama da 800 ƙaddamarwa an karɓi su akan batutuwa da yawa, amma babban rabo (sama da 500) sun kasance suna tallafawa hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Gabatarwa ga Majalisar Gundumar Westland 2009-2019 Tsare-tsaren Al'umma na Majalisar Dogon Zamani a 2009 sun goyi bayan buɗe hanyar. Majalisar ta zartar da wani kudiri na tabbatar da goyon bayansu ga hanyar da aka tsara kuma ta ware dala 100,000 ga titin da aka sassaka daga Jackson Bay zuwa Kogin Cascade. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2009 |title=Minutes of the reconvened special meeting of the Westland District Council |url=http://www.westland.govt.nz/index.cfm/3,304,712/council-agenda-16-07-09-pt2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074528/http://www.westland.govt.nz/index.cfm/3%2C304%2C712/council-agenda-16-07-09-pt2.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2010 |access-date=12 October 2010 |publisher=Westland District Council}}</ref> A cikin 2010, ɗan kasuwa na Christchurch Earl Hagaman ya ba da umarnin rahoto (Rahoton Octa) wanda ya ba da shawarar za a iya gina hanyar haraji don dala miliyan 225-315. Hagaman, wanda ya kafa jerin Scenic Circle Hotels, ya yi jayayya cewa hanyar za ta kasance da muhimmancin ƙasa, ta bunkasa masana'antar yawon bude ido ta dala biliyan 21.7 kuma ta rage lokacin tuki zuwa Milford Sound. Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki Gerry Brownlee ya sadu da majalisun gundumar Westland da Southland da kuma Hagaman, yana cewa "Ni da kaina ina goyon bayan [hanya] amma ba wani abu ne da Gwamnati ke la'akari da shi a halin yanzu ba. " Ma'aikatar ci gaban tattalin arzikin ta yi la'akari a takaice da sabon tsari don hanya a wannan shekarar, amma ba ta ga wani riba daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2010 |title=Haast-Milford Road Proposal – Initial Consideration of Issues |url=http://www.tourism.govt.nz/Documents/Policy%20Website/Documents/Transport/Haast-HollyfordRoad.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601232307/http://www.tourism.govt.nz/Documents/Policy%20Website/Documents/Transport/Haast-HollyfordRoad.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2010 |access-date=12 October 2010 |publisher=Ministry of Economic Development}}</ref> A cikin 2012 hannun mallakar Majalisar Gundumar Westland ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar fahimta don gina hanyar haraji kuma tana ci gaba da tsara yarjejeniyar albarkatu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fraser |first=Rebekah |date=12 November 2012 |title=Haast link resurrected |url=http://xtranewscommunity2.smfforfree.com/index.php?action=printpage;topic=7397.0 |access-date=6 January 2013 |website=The Greymouth Star |publisher=Xtra News Community 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fraser |first=Rebekah |date=13 November 2012 |title=Hollyford link 'madness' |url=http://xtranewscommunity2.smfforfree.com/index.php?action=printpage;topic=7397.0 |access-date=6 January 2013 |website=The Greymouth Star |publisher=Xtra News Community 2}}</ref> A cikin 2013 an bayyana cewa Westland District Property Limited (bangaren kadara na Majalisar gundumar Westland) zai karɓi kuɗin nasara $1 miliyan idan aka ba da izinin hanyar. An bai wa Westroads (Hukumar Titin Gundumar Westland) kwangilar $30m don inganta sashin hanyar tsakanin Arowhata da Cascade. == Dubi kuma == * Cibiyar sadarwa ta babbar hanyar jihar New Zealand * Muhalli na New Zealand * Yawon shakatawa a New Zealand * Tasirin muhalli na hanyoyi == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *  {{Cite book|publisher=Craig Printing|last=Anderson|first=Harold J. (Harold James)|title=Men of the Milford Road|location=Invercargill [N.Z.]|year=1990|isbn=0-908629-27-3}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110105094804/http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-doc/role/international/world-heritage/world-heritage-in-nz/te-wahipounamu/ Te Wāhipounamu - Yankin Tarihin Duniya na Kudu maso Yammacin New Zealand] a Ma'aikatar Karewa [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n4a3ng1vdkx74agm8wcdml0t3ca3u29 Girgije FM 0 121794 891551 791180 2026-08-05T01:48:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Clouds FM tashar rediyo ce ta yaren Swahili da ke da hedikwata a Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, kuma mallakar Clouds Media Group (CMG). Abokan hulɗa da abokai na dogon lokaci, Joseph Kusaga da Ruge Mutahaba ne suka kafa shi a cikin 1998 a ƙarƙashin Clouds Entertainment Limited, yanzu CMG . [1] == Tarihi == Clouds FM an kafa shi ne a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1999, a matsayin canji daga Mawingu Disco, kamfanin nishaɗi wanda ke shirya abubuwan da suka faru da kide-kide na kiɗa a Dar es Salaam. Nan da nan ya sami shahara saboda goyon bayansa ga nau'in kiɗa na Bongoflava wanda a lokacin an ɗauka a matsayin nau'in waƙa ga matasa 'yan tawaye. Ya zuwa Satumba 2023, Clouds FM yana samuwa a cikin yankuna sama da 20 a Tanzania.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://cloudsmedia.com/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Clouds Media Group |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922183036/https://cloudsmedia.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == Clouds FM tana nuna nau'ikan nishaɗi tare da shirye-shiryen kiɗa, galibi Bongoflava da Hip Hop / R&B. <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clouds Entertainment Co. Limited |url=https://tanzania.mom-gmr.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/clouds-entertainment-co-limited-1/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=tanzania.mom-gmr.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clouds FM – The People's Station |url=https://cloudsfm.co.tz/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408155117/https://cloudsfm.co.tz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shahararrun masu gabatarwa == * [[Meena Ally]] * [[Mamy Baby]] * [[:sw:Millard_Ayo|Millard Ayo]] * [[Kennedy The Remedy|Kennedy Magani]] * [[John Jackson (radio presenter)|John Jackson]] * [[King Tei|Sarki Tei]] * Frida Amani * [[Adam Mchomvu]] * [[Husna Abdul]] * [[B Dozen|B goma sha biyu]] * [[George Bantu]] * [[Jose Mara]] * [[Masoudy Kipanya]] * [[Geah Habib]] * [[Jose Mara]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kxe5gf2w6e7n8bi63xwnioihxhql1lb Ekene Som Mekwunye 0 122405 891325 885887 2026-08-04T12:25:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Ekene Som Mekwunye''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 1978) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya, furodusa, marubuci kuma malami. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conference Details |url=https://bearing-witness.mit.edu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421230751/https://bearing-witness.mit.edu/ |archive-date=2024-04-21 |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Bearing Witness, Seeking Justice}}</ref> An san shi da jagorantar da samar da fina-finai kamar Light In The Dark, One Lagos Night, Honey Money, Sylvia da Èwò . == Ayyuka == Mekwunye ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mataimakin kyamara a cocinsa kafin ya sami aiki a Africa Magic, inda ya yi aiki a kan 53extra da Jara da kuma duk abubuwan Channel O a Najeriya. Daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin Fim ta New York a Los Angeles don nazarin fim. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan dawowarsa, ya shiga MTV shuga a matsayin mai kula da aikin da ke kula da samar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da ake kira Shuga 3. Ya ba da umarnin wani ɗan gajeren fim, Oblivious wanda ya lashe [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] (Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award) a cikin 2015 don mafi kyawun gajeren fim. Bayan ya bar MTV Shuga, Ya fara kamfaninsa, Riverside Productions bayan ya kirkiro wani shirin talabijin da ake kira My Big Nigerian Wedding wanda ya ci gaba da zama babban shirin talabiji na gaskiya a Afirka. Daga baya ya samar da gajeren fina-finai 3 mai taken The Encounter, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2015 |title=Ekene Som Mekwunye Releases "The Encounter" &#124; Xplorenollywood |url=https://xplorenollywood.com/ekene-som-mekwunye-releases-the-encounter/}}</ref> A Simple Letter da Lasgidi Vice . The Encounter ya lashe [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] don mafi kyawun sauti / asali a cikin 2017 kuma Lasgidi Vice ya sami allo a bikin fina-finai na Cannes a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2018 |title=Leute: Nollywood Germany statt Bollywood |url=https://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/hamburg/article179527520/Leute-Nollywood-Germany-statt-Bollywood.html |via=www.welt.de}}</ref> Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko mai taken Sylvia, wanda aka saki a cikin fina-finai na Najeriya a watan Satumbar 2018, an kuma nuna fim din a bukukuwan fina-falla na kasa da kasa daban-daban ciki har da Nollywood Week a [[Faris|Paris]] da BFI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mboho |first=Eddy |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Sylvia Review - Directed by Daniel Oriahi and Produced by Ekene Mekwunye |url=https://sodasandpopcorn.ng/sylvia-review/ |access-date=December 11, 2025 |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922070813/https://sodasandpopcorn.ng/sylvia-review/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sylvia (2018) |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5be62549c4f63 |website=BFI}}</ref> Ya jagoranci fim dinsa na farko, wanda ya kuma samar da shi tare da Chidinma Uzodike mai taken Light In The Dark, wanda aka saki a gidajen silima na [[Najeriya]] da Ghana a ranar 25 ga Janairun 2019. Ya sami gabatarwa 3 a [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] 2022 ciki har da Babban Darakta. Ya ci gaba da nunawa a bukukuwan fina-finai a nahiyoyi 5 ciki har da, Nollywood Week a [[Faris|Paris]], Silicon Valley African Film festival da Soo Film Festivals duka a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Brasilia International film festival a [[Brazil]], Durban International Film Festival <ref>{{Cite web |title=Light in the Dark &#124; NollywoodWeek Film Festival |url=https://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/light-in-the-dark/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922050530/http://www.nollywoodweek.com/en/team/light-in-the-dark/ |archive-date=2022-09-22 |access-date=2022-11-19}}</ref> a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da sauran ƙasashe a [[Indiya]], Masar, [[Tunisiya]], Najeriya da [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2019 |title=Silicon Valley African Film Festival 2019 Souvenir Booklet |url=https://issuu.com/svaff/docs/svaff2019_booklet |website=Issuu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Durban International Film Festival |url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/DIFF-Prog-2019.pdf |access-date=1 Nov 2025 |website=ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Darakta mafi kyau a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Kaduna a shekarar 2020 don wannan fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2020 |title=Rita Dominic, Joke Silver Win Big At KADIFF 2020 Awards |url=https://newnigeriannewspaper.com/2020/09/09/rita-dominic-joke-silver-win-big-at-kadiff-2020-awards/ |access-date=July 14, 2026 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423203020/https://newnigeriannewspaper.com/2020/09/09/rita-dominic-joke-silver-win-big-at-kadiff-2020-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na biyu, wanda kuma ya samar da shi mai taken 'One Lagos Night' <ref>{{Cite web |title=One Lagos Night &#124; NollywoodWeek ONLINE 2021 |url=https://watch.eventive.org/nwff/play/607e385d78e7f4006057370d |website=watch.eventive.org}}</ref> wanda [[Netflix]] ya samo shi ne kawai <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2021 |title=Netflix acquires exclusive rights to Ekene Som Mekwunye's film "One Lagos Night" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/05/netflix-acquires-one-lagos-night/}}</ref> kuma an fitar da shi a duniya a kan dandalin su a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2021. Har ila yau, fim ne na rufewa a bikin fina-finai na Nollywood, [[Faris|Paris]] wanda aka gudanar a kan layi a cikin 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NollywoodWeek Film Festival – Festival du cinéma nigérian |url=https://nollywoodweek.com/en/}}</ref> Ya sami gabatarwa 2 a [[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|AMVCA 2022]]. A cikin 2022, ya yi fim mai taken 'Honey Money' tare da [[Nancy Isime]], [[Timini Egbuson]], Iyabo Ojo, Femi Branch, [[Babarex]], [[Uzee Usman]], [[Sandra Okunzuwa]], Junior Pope da dai sauransu. Shi ne darektan, co-producer da kuma babban furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2022 |title=VSL MEDIA Taps Ekene Som Mekwunye to Direct New Star Studded Feature |url=https://shockng.com/vsl-media-taps-ekene-som-mekwunye-to-direct-new-star-studded-feature/}}</ref> An fitar da fim din a cikin fina-finai A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023. Amazon Prime ya fitar da 2 daga cikin fina-finai na musamman ga dandalin su Prime Video a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024 mai taken Ambivalent da Kali. Ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da fim din mai taken 'Move Like A Boss' wanda aka fara bugawa a gidajen silima na Najeriya a watan Agustan 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title="Move Like a Boss" for Cinemas Second Week of August |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/film/move-like-a-boss-for-cinemas-second-week-of-august/}}</ref> Fim dinsa 'I Hate Love Stories' da 'Honey Money' an nuna su a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Zanzibar a watan Agusta kuma sune fina-finda na farko na Najeriya da aka nuna a bikin fim din a cikin kusan shekaru 10. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2025, ya fitar da fim dinsa na farko wanda ba na Turanci ba, wasan kwaikwayo na yaren Yoruba mai suna Èwò, wanda ke nufin haramtacce a Turanci. An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a duk faɗin Najeriya da Ghana. Har ila yau, yana da ma'aikaci <ref>{{Cite web |title=LMS: All courses |url=https://elearning.pau.edu.ng/course/index.php?categoryid=154 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518125548/https://elearning.pau.edu.ng/course/index.php?categoryid=154 |archive-date=2021-05-18 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=elearning.pau.edu.ng}}</ref> a Makarantar Media da Sadarwa, [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic]] inda yake koyar da fina-finai da dabarun dalibai na shekara ta ƙarshe. Ya kuma shirya bita na kyauta ga matasa masu shirya fina-finai da ake kira The Imagery Program inda yake koyar da rubutun allo, yin fim da yin wasan kwaikwayo don allo. An gudanar da shi sau biyu. Ya ba da Ted Talk a cikin 2020 a Gabashin Najeriya inda ya yi magana game da ikon ba da labarai ta hanyar fina-finai. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu magana da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) ta gayyace su don yin magana a wani taron da ake kira 'Videography In the Hands of the People' wanda aka gudanar a harabar makarantar a watan Oktoba 2022 a [[Boston]]. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya yi aure a watan Afrilun 2012 ga Muti Mekwunye, (née Omotosho) a Legas kuma suna da yara 2 tare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2015 |title=Ekene Mekwunye: Memoirs of a Father |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/02/ekene-mekwunye-memoirs-of-a-father/}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == '''Hotunan da aka zaɓa''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Babban Matsayi !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2011-2013 |''Jara'' |[[Helen Paul]], [[Uti Nwachukwu]], |Mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin |- |2011-2013 |''53 Ƙarin'' |[[Eku Edewor]], [[Dolapo Oni]], |Mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin |- |2011-2013 |''Tashar O'' |Ka daina Edun, |Mai gabatarwa, darektan |Shirin talabijin |- |2013 |[[Shuga (TV series)|MTV Shuga 3]] |Nick Mutuma, [[Timini Egbuson]], [[Emmanuel Ikubese]], [[Tiwa Savage]], [[Chris Attoh]] |Mai tsara aikin |Shirye-shiryen talabijin |- |2013 |''Babban Bikin aurena na Najeriya'' |Sisi Yemmie, [[Bobo Yomi]], |Darakta, furodusa, babban furodusa |Shirin talabijin |- |2013 |''An manta da shi'' |[[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Kiki Omeili]], Uzor Osimkpa[[Uzor Kogin]] |Mawallafin allo, furodusa, babban furodusa |Gajeren fim, wanda ya lashe kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na Afirka na 2015 don ''Mafi kyawun gajeren fim'' |- |2015 |''Gamuwa da'' |[[Gregory Ojefua]], [[Amarachi Onoh]], [[Stan Nze]], |Mai gabatarwa |Gajeren fim, wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta 2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards for Best Sound Design''Mafi Kyawun Tsarin Sauti'' |- |2015 |''[[A Simple Letter|Wasika Mai Sauƙi]]'' |[[Nancy Isime]], Paul Utomi |Mai gabatarwa |Gajeren fim |- |2016 |''Lasgidi Vice'' |[[Theresa Edem]], [[Bucci Franklin]], [[Hauwa Allahbura]], [[Tunji Ogunkeye]] |Mai gabatarwa |Gajeren fim |- |2018 |''[[Sylvia (fim na 2018)|Sylvia]]'' |[[Zainab Balogun]], [[Chris Attoh]], [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] da [[Udoka Oyeka]] |Mai gabatarwa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Prime VideoBidiyo na farko |- |2019 |''Haske A cikin Duhu'' |[[Rita Dominic]], [[Joke Silva]], [[Kalu Ikeagwu]], [[Kiki Omeili]], [[Bimbo Ademoye]], [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Saheed Balogun|Saidi Balogun]] |Marubucin labari, darektan, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa akan [[Netflix]] |- |2021 |''[[One Lagos Night|Ɗaya daga cikin dare na Legas]]'' |[[Frank Donga]], Gold Ikponmwosa, [[Eniola Badmus]], [[Genoveva Umeh]] da [[Ali Nuhu]] |Darakta, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa akan Netflix |- |2023 |''[[How to Love Me (film)|Yadda za a ƙaunace ni]]'' |[[Yvonne Jegede]], [[IK Ogbonna]], |Darakta, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Prime Video |- |2023 |''Kudin zuma'' |[[Nancy Isime]], [[Timini Egbuson]], Iyabo Ojo, Femi Branch, |Darakta, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa |- |2024 |''[[Ambivalent (film)|Rashin jituwa]]'' |[[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Derby Frankson]], [[Aereis Umusu]], [[Anita.O James|Anita]]. [[Anita.O James|Ya James]], |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Prime Video |- |2024 |''[[Kali (2024 Nigerian film)|Kali]]'' |[[Lota Chukwu]], [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]], Preach Bassey, [[Nedine Love]], Blessing Martyn, [[Doddy Abili]], [[Christle Lotanna Chris-Okafor]], |Marubuci, darektan, furodusa, babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Prime Video |- |2024 |''Ina ƙin Labaran soyayya'' |[[Gabriel Afolayan]], Obioma Ofoegbu, Hadar Mike Sanda |Darakta, furodusa, babban furodusa mai gabatar da zartarwa |Kamfanonin samarwa: Bukana Motion Pictures da Riverside Productions |- |2024 |''[[Move Like A Boss|Ka Yi Kasancewa Kamar Shugaba]]'' |[[Nancy Isime]], [[IK Ogbonna]], [[Yemi Solade]], [[Jaiye Kuti]], [[Tope Olowoniyan]], MC Lively, [[Denrenle Edun]], |Darakta, furodusa, darektan jefawa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Prime Video |- |2025 |''[[Èwò(Forbidden)|Èwò (An haramta shi)]]'' |[[Bimbo Ademoye]], [[Ademola Adedoyin]], [[Taiwo Hassan]], [[Jaiye Kuti]], [[Saheed Balogun|Saidi Balogun]], [[Akin Lewis]], [[Yinka Quadri]], [[Moyo Lawal]], [[Tina Mba]], [[Dele Odule]], |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci, darektan jefawa, Babban furodusa |Fim mai ban sha'awa, ana samun sa a Cinemas a Najeriya da Ghana |- | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|9211526}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ikfordeqnzmnjnh8lxpay559zhf1qnc Fidelis Uchenna Okoro 0 122963 891422 888501 2026-08-04T18:04:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fidelis Uchenna Okoro''' (ya mutu 2021), kuma aka fi sani da Fidoko, mawaƙin Najeriya ne, marubuci, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, [[Mawaƙi|mawaƙa]] kuma mai shirya fina-finai . A matsayinsa na malami a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], ya rubuta littattafai guda biyu, tarin waƙoƙi guda biyu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo guda biyar. Bugu da ƙari, ya haɗa kai wajen shirya tarin waƙoƙi, ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda uku, sannan ya shirya fina-finai huɗu. == Ilimi == Okoro ya kammala karatunsa daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] a shekarun 1990. <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=February 1996 |title=Notes on the Contributors |url=https://www.unn.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Okike-321.pdf |journal=Okike: An African Journal of New Writing |issue=32 |pages=130}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar tushe mai zaman kansa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Sana'a == === Ilimi === Okoro ya shiga cikin malaman Jami'ar Najeriya a watan Mayun 1997.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Babban malami ne a Sashen Nazarin Turanci da Adabi a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]] . Ya haɗa kai wajen gyara ''Adabin Afirka da Duniya: Mujallar Nazarin Adabi ta Jami'ar Najeriya'' kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara kan edita ga ''The Muse,'' mujallar ɗalibai a Jami'ar Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=July 2016 |title=Contributors |url=https://brittlepaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Muse-A-Journal-of-Creative-and-Critical-Writing-No.-44-2016.pdf |journal=The Muse |volume=44 |pages=2 |access-date=2026-07-01 |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123182837/https://brittlepaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Muse-A-Journal-of-Creative-and-Critical-Writing-No.-44-2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (January 2025)">tushen mai zaman kansa yana buƙatar</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2022, ''The Muse'' ya ƙirƙiri kyautar [[Fidelis Okoro]] don Waƙoƙi, wanda Friday Romanus ya ɗauki nauyinsa, don girmama shi. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-12-26 |title=The 2022 Literary Arts Festival and Unveiling of The Muse no. 49 Journal |url=https://themuseunn.com/the-2022-literary-arts-festival-and-unveiling-of-the-muse-no-49-journal/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Muse Journal |language=en-US}}</ref>  An zabi Okoro a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar "Malamin da ya yi fice (Namiji)" da kuma "Malamin da ya fi shahara (Namiji)". <ref>{{Cite web |title=List Of Nominees |url=https://staffawards.unn.edu.ng/vote/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=UNN Staff Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> === Rubutu === Okoro ya rubuta littattafai guda biyu, tarin waƙoƙi guda biyu, da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo guda biyar. Ya kuma yi wa [[Emeka Joseph Otagburuagu]] gyara tare da shirya ''littafin Apples of Gold: A Pageant of Modern Nigerian Poems'' ''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>'' A shekarar 1998, Okoro ya buga cikakken aikinsa na farko, wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna ''Wisdom of the Ostrich.'' Daga baya ya buga wasannin kwaikwayo na ''Joys of War'' (2000), ''Farfesa Zemzi's Last Rehearsal'' (2005), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agu |first=Innocent |last2=Amoniyan |first2=Oluwasegun |last3=Agu |first3=Evangelist |last4=Pembi |first4=Clement |date=February 2020 |title=Portrayal of Feminine Gender in Okoro's Prof Zemzi's Last Rehearsal |journal=Fuwgestj: Journal of the General Studies Unit |publisher=[[Federal University, Wukari]] |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=5–21}}</ref> ''Quagmire'' (2010), <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ugwuanyi |first=Kingsley O. |last2=Ekeh |first2=Sosthenes N. |date=October 2015 |title=Shifting the Borders: Genre-crossing in Modern Africa Drama |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283119173 |journal=Research Innovator |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=1–11}}</ref> da kuma ''Gabatarwa ga Apocalypse'' (2016). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Udengwu |first=Ngozi |last2=Nnanna |first2=Ndubuisi |last3=Obasi |first3=Nelson |date=June 2022 |title=Women in Internally Displaced Persons' camps, a halfway house or a purgatory: Discourse analysis of ''Embers'' and ''Preamble to Apocalypse'' |url=http://ikengajournal.com.ng/admin/img/paper/23_2-4.pdf |journal=IKENGA: International Journal of Institute of African Studies |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.53836/ijia/2022/23/2/004}}</ref> ''Quagmire'' ita ce ta zo ta biyu a gasar ANA/J ta 2010. Kyautar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta P. Clark. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓi littafin, ''Quagmire,'' don shiga gasar NNDC Prize for Drama. Littafin Okoro mai cikakken bayani na uku shine littafin ''The Rape of Regina'' (2002), wanda aka biyo baya da ''Cracking the Shell'' (2013). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umezurike |first=Gideon Uzoma |date=June 2017 |title=Redemptive Fantasy, Restoration and the Exigencies of Kleos and Nostos in F. U. Okoro's Cracking the Shell |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317342262 |journal=The Muse |volume=45}}</ref> An zaɓi ''Cracking the Shell'' don samun kyautar ANA/Jacaranda Prose Prize ta 2009. Okoro ya buga kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, ''When the Bleeding Heart Breaks'', a shekarar 2006. Tarin ya zama na farko da ya zo na biyu a gasar ANA/Cadbury Poetry Prize ta 2006. An buga kundin waƙoƙinsa na biyu, ''Pimples and Dimples'', a shekarar 2012 kuma shi ne mutum na farko da ya zo na biyu a kyautar waƙoƙin ANA/Gabriel Okara ta 2012.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Kiɗa === Okoro ya fitar da kundin wakoki guda uku: ''One More Mile'', ''Call on Me'' (2008) '', '' da ''Baby Kpurunu m Ishi.'' === Fim === A shekarar 2006, Okoro ya kafa Fidoko Films International. Tare da kamfanin, ya shirya kuma ya shirya fina-finai guda huɗu: ''Saved by Sin'' (2007), ''Peace of the Graveyard, Uzumagada: The Search for Inspiration,'' da ''Paradisico. '' == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fidelis Okoro Mashaidin Jehobah ne mai ibada.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ya mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar bargo a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2021. == Fim ɗin fim == * ''An ceto ta hanyar Zunubi'' (2007) * ''Zaman Lafiyar Makabarta'' * ''Uzumagada: Neman Wahayi'' * ''Paradisico'' * [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Mawaƙan Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] ==Manazarta dtemjun0r63i80ih1ziq4xoeoogfp00 Fidelis Duker 0 123167 891421 886704 2026-08-04T18:03:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Fidelis Duker''' 'dan fim ne na Najeriya kuma mai shirya bikin fina-finai ana nijiriya. == Ayyuka == Duker ya fara aikinsa ne a cikin shekara ta 1988 yana rubuta wasan kwaikwayo don [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|NTA]], gidan talabijin na jama'a na Najeriya.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 2003, Duker ya haifi ra'ayin bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Abuja (AIFF), daya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan fina-fakka na Afirka da aka gudanar a kowace shekara a Abuja na Najeriya, wanda yake zaune a kan allon a matsayin wanda ya kafa taron da ke gudana a karo na 18 a shekarar 2021. == Nominations da sanarwa == A shekara ta 2016, Duker ya lashe lambar yabo ta 'Lifetime Achievement Award', a [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Kyautar Nollywood mafi kyau]] (BON) da aka gudanar a Aba. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, an ambaci Duker a matsayin daya daga cikin mambobin juriya na bikin fina-finai da talabijin na Pan African na Ouagadougou, FESPACO . == Hotunan fina-finai == * Wannan Atijo - Yoruba - 1993 * Skeleton - Igbo - 1994 * Nemesis - Turanci - 1995 * Ba nufin Ni ba - Turanci - 1996 * Nemesis 2 - Turanci - 1996 * Abin kunya - Turanci - 1997 * An ƙaddara Ya Mutu 1 - Turanci - 1997 * Scandals 2 - Turanci - 1998 * An ƙaddara Ya Mutu 2 - Turanci - 1998 * Blood Brothers - Turanci - 1998 * Visa zuwa Jahannama - Turanci - 1999 * Sarkin Kudi - Turanci - 1999 * Doctor Mutuwa - Turanci - 2000 * Maƙiya a Cikin - Turanci - 2001 * Pure Love - Turanci - 2002 * Hot Passion - Turanci - 2002 * Baka Boys - Turanci - 2003 * Nurses na dare - Turanci - 2003 * Jesu Mushin - Turanci - 2004 * Aljanna A Amurka - 2005 * London Blues - Turanci - 2006 * A Means to An End - Turanci 2007 * Senseless - Turanci - 2008 tare da [[Segun Arinze]], [[Bimbo Akintola]], [[Kanayo O. Kanayo|Kanayo Kanayo]], Femi Branch, [[Ngozi Ezeonu]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seedorf161 |date=2016-05-14 |title=Senseless Love (Pt. 1) [Starr. Segun Arinze, Bimbo Akintola, Kanayo Kanayo, Femi Branch, Ngozi Ezeonu] |url=https://www.thenetnaija.com/videos/nollywood/3432-senseless-love-pt-1-segun-arinze-bimbo-akintola-kanayo-kanayo-femi |access-date=2021-11-16 |website=NetNaija |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116100621/https://www.thenetnaija.com/videos/nollywood/3432-senseless-love-pt-1-segun-arinze-bimbo-akintola-kanayo-kanayo-femi |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cash And Carry - Turanci - 2009 * Tsibirin Asiri - Yoruba - 2009 * Onyeama - Igbo - 2010 * Sade Oloso - Yoruba - 2011 * Dada Oni Paki - Yoruba - 2012 == Shirye-shiryen talabijin == * Hotuna - jerin shirye-shiryen TV - 2001 * Eldorado - jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin - 2005 * 'Yan mata na kusa - 2007 * Yara kadai - 2008 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2105216}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t33tefq08xtp5t2o531vwv7iegefwhj Frances Valintine 0 123569 891456 790932 2026-08-04T19:25:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frances Valintine''' CNZM masaniyar ilimin ilimi ce daga New Zealand . Ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa don shirye-shiryenta na ilimi kuma ita ce Wanda ta kafa da Shugaban The Mind Lab da Tech Futures Lab . da kuma Tech Futures Lab.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> Frances an san ta da jajircewarta na aiki don inganta sakamakon ga ƙarni na gaba ta hanyar daidaita isar da ilimi da abun ciki a cikin karni na 21.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-07 |title=The Mind Lab founder Frances Valintine in world 'tech ed' top 50 |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/80801168/mind-lab-founder-frances-valentine-in-tech-ed-top-50 |access-date=2018-06-03 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2015 |title=Innovation Heroes: Frances Valintine |url=http://idealog.co.nz/venture/2015/04/innovation-heroes-frances-valentine |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 April 2014 |title=Frances Valintine on 'The Mind Lab' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bo6VQxMwAnM |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher= |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The future of education in New Zealand {{!}} TVShows |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/tvshows/paulhenry/the-future-of-education-in-new-zealand-2016081616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817191620/http://www.newshub.co.nz/tvshows/paulhenry/the-future-of-education-in-new-zealand-2016081616 |archive-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Sophie |date=22 July 2016 |title=Frances Valintine: New Zealand risks missing digital wave |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11679480 |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher= |via=www.nzherald.co.nz |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181400/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11679480 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Valintine a wani gona a Hāwera, Taranaki, kuma ta koma Arewacin [[Auckland]] lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha huɗu. Ta halarci manyan makarantu hudu daban-daban. Lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta koma London sannan zuwa Turkiyya kafin ta koma New Zealand. Bayan ta koma New Zealand da farko ta yi aiki ta kawo dalibai daga Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya don yin karatu a New Zealand. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 July 2015 |title=Frances Valintine |url=http://www.edtechforexport.co.nz/et4e-conference-2015/et4e-speakers-2015/frances-valintine/ |access-date=2 June 2016 |website= |publisher=Edtech for Export |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617005845/http://www.edtechforexport.co.nz/et4e-conference-2015/et4e-speakers-2015/frances-valintine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2013 ta yi karatu na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar [[Melbourne]] don yin karatu don digiri na biyu a cikin gudanar da ilimi na sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> A cikin 2016 Valintine ta halarci Jami'ar Singularity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Daga 1998 zuwa 2013 Valintine ya kasance a Makarantar Zane-zane ta Media, mai ba da horo mai zaman kansa na fasaha da fasaha na dijital. A shekara ta 2011 Jami'o'in Laureate International ne suka sayi shi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Frances Valintine - Managing the Disruption of Technological and Digital Advances - 2020 and beyond {{!}} Independent Schools of New Zealand |url=http://www.isnz.org.nz/content/frances-valintine-managing-disruption-technological-and-digital-advances-2020-and-beyond |access-date=2016-06-02 |website=www.isnz.org.nz}}</ref> Frances ta ci gaba da zama Shugaba har zuwa 2013. A cikin 2013 Valintine ya buɗe The Mind Lab a Newmarket, Auckland . Yana da niyyar samar da dalibai hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa da bincike, musamman ta amfani da dabarun ilmantarwa na hadin gwiwa, da kuma mayar da hankali kan kimiyya, kirkirar da shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 July 2015 |title=Frances Valintine |url=http://www.edtechforexport.co.nz/et4e-conference-2015/et4e-speakers-2015/frances-valintine/ |access-date=2 June 2016 |website= |publisher=Edtech for Export |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617005845/http://www.edtechforexport.co.nz/et4e-conference-2015/et4e-speakers-2015/frances-valintine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda yake gudanar da shirye-shiryen, Valintine ya fahimci cewa malamai ba su da horo a wannan yanki, kuma a watan Yulin 2014 The Mind Lab ya ƙaddamar da shirin digiri na biyu a cikin ilmantarwa na dijital da haɗin gwiwa. Kungiyar ta fadada zuwa wasu cibiyoyin don biyan bukatun shirye-shiryenta, bude cibiyoyin a Gisborne, Wellington, Christchurch da cibiyoyin tauraron dan adam a wasu cibiyoyi 16 na yanki ciki har da Whangarei, Rotorua, Ruatoria, Whanganui, Whakatane, Tauranga, Masterton, Balclutha, Invercargill, Dunedin, Rolleston, New Plymouth da Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2016 Valintine ta kaddamar da Tech Futures Lab don taimakawa shugabannin kasuwanci su shirya don nan gaba tare da mai da hankali kan rushewar kasuwanci, tasirin ci gaban fasaha musamman a fannonin sarrafa kansa & robotics, ilmantarwa na inji & fasaha na wucin gadi da kimiyyar bayanai. Valintine yana zaune a kan kwamitin Callaghan Innovation, KEA, Talentnomics (WashingtonDC). Ta kasance a baya a kan allon Ilimi New Zealand, NZTech da New Zealand Game Developers Association, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2015 |title=Innovation Heroes: Frances Valintine |url=http://idealog.co.nz/venture/2015/04/innovation-heroes-frances-valentine |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> Santa Fe University of Art & Design, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 April 2014 |title=Frances Valintine on 'The Mind Lab' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bo6VQxMwAnM |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher= |via=YouTube}}</ref> Auckland Screen & Digital Content kuma memba ne na Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The future of education in New Zealand {{!}} TVShows |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/tvshows/paulhenry/the-future-of-education-in-new-zealand-2016081616 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817191620/http://www.newshub.co.nz/tvshows/paulhenry/the-future-of-education-in-new-zealand-2016081616 |archive-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Sophie |date=22 July 2016 |title=Frances Valintine: New Zealand risks missing digital wave |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11679480 |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher= |via=www.nzherald.co.nz |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181400/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11679480 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Frances memba ce ta Mata ta Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A cikin 2014 The Mind Lab ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Matasa a cikin ICT a NZ CIO Awards da Mafi Kyawun Farawa a Asiya Pacific wanda [[Richard Branson]] da Steve Wozniak suka yanke hukunci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-07 |title=The Mind Lab founder Frances Valintine in world 'tech ed' top 50 |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/80801168/mind-lab-founder-frances-valentine-in-tech-ed-top-50 |access-date=2018-06-03 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ta lashe Kyautar Kyautattun Ayyuka a New Zealand Innovators Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2015 |title=Innovation Heroes: Frances Valintine |url=http://idealog.co.nz/venture/2015/04/innovation-heroes-frances-valentine |access-date=3 June 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin 2015, an ba Valintine suna NEXT Woman of the Year a ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> an kira ta daya daga cikin Top 10 mafi rinjaye mata ta Idealog kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta New Zealand Women of Influence Award a cikin kirkire-kirkire. A cikin 2016, Valintine ta sami lambar yabo ta Blake Leader daga Sir Peter Blake Trust . kuma an kira ta daya daga cikin Top 50 EdTech Educators a duniya tare da mutane kamar Salmon Khan da Satya Nitta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-07 |title=The Mind Lab founder Frances Valintine in world 'tech ed' top 50 |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/80801168/mind-lab-founder-frances-valentine-in-tech-ed-top-50 |access-date=2018-06-03 |publisher=Stuff.co.nz}}</ref> Frances kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta New Zealand Walk the Talk da NZ Diversity Awards . A cikin 2016 kasuwancin ta The Mind Lab ya lashe lambar yabo ta NZ CIO don mafi kyawun Matasa a cikin ICT a karo na biyu a cikin shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> [[Fayil:Frances_Valintine_CNZM_investiture.jpg|right|thumb|Valintine (hagu) a cikin 2018, bayan da aka sanya ta a matsayin Aboki na New Zealand Order of Merit ta gwamnan-janar, Dame Patsy Reddy]] A cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2018, an nada Valintine a matsayin Aboki na New Zealand Order of Merit, don hidimomi ga ilimi da bangaren fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business |url=http://www.techfutureslab.com |access-date=2016-10-09 |website=Tech Futures Lab - Future Proof Your Business}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kewuyy6rif0n1c8qjjnuid3cvn88lmu Gudanar da ƙasa 0 124304 891418 891291 2026-08-04T17:59:15Z A09 23573 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-42944-87|~2026-42944-87]] ([[User talk:~2026-42944-87|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 891418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gwamnatin [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] tana nufin manufofi, dabaru, da hanyoyin yanke shawara da jihohin ƙasa da kananan hukumomi suka yi amfani da su game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref name="Bonn2011">{{Cite web |last=Bonn2011 |first=Conference |title=Sustainable Soil Governance: Towards Integrated Management for Water and food Security |url=http://www.water-energy-food.org/documents/hottopicsessions/6_hot_topic_issue_paper_soils_for_sustainable_development.pdf}}</ref> A duniya, mulkin ƙasa an iyakance shi ga hangen nesa na [[noma]] saboda karuwar [[Tsaron abinci|Rashin tsaro na abinci]] daga yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a duniya. Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona (FAO) da membobinta ne suka fara haɗin gwiwar Duniya don inganta tsarin mulki na iyakantaccen albarkatun ƙasa na duniya don tabbatar da ƙasa mai kyau da mai amfani don duniya mai aminci, da kuma tallafawa wasu muhimman ayyukan muhalli.<ref name="GSP">{{Cite web |title=Global Soil Partnership |url=http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/en/ |access-date=15 May 2014 |publisher=FAO}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwar Duniya == Canje-canje a cikin amfani da ƙasa, haɓaka yawan jama'a, da tasirin [[Canjin yanayi]] sun haifar da sannu a hankali na lalacewar ƙasa.<ref name="MyerTurner1992">{{Cite journal |last=Myer |first=W.B |last2=Turner, B.L |year=1992 |title=Human Population Growth and global Land-Use/ Cover Change. |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=23 |pages=39–61 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.23.1.39}}</ref><ref name="Eswaran,lal,reich2001">{{Cite web |last=Eswaran |first=H |last2=Lal,R., Reich P.F |year=2001 |title=Land Degradation and Overview |url=http://1.usa.gov/ddEA2g}}</ref> Rashin lalacewar ƙasa tsari ne na sannu a hankali wanda ya shafi tsarin halitta da na ɗan adam wanda ke haifar da asarar jiki (rugujewa) da raguwar Ingancin ƙasa.<ref name="Lal,Hall,Miller1989">{{Cite journal |last=Lal |first=R. |last2=Hall, G.F. |last3=Miller, F.P |year=1989 |title=Soil Degradation: Basic Processes |journal=Land Degradation and Development |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=51–69 |bibcode=1989LDeDe...1...51L |doi=10.1002/ldr.3400010106}}</ref> Sanin [[Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli|Tasirin ɗan adam]] akan lalacewar ƙasa ya rinjayi maganganun kula da ƙasa na birane, da kuma tsara manufofi ta ƙungiyoyin yanki.<ref name="Urbansoil">{{Cite web |last=Urban Soil Management Strategy |title=Urban Soil Protection |url=http://www.urban-sms.eu/urban-soil-protection/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |archive-date=2014-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221160936/http://www.urban-sms.eu/urban-soil-protection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, ƙasa ta kasance a matsayin matsakaici na farko don samar da abinci, don haka ana jagorantar mulkin ƙasa na duniya zuwa ga tasirin lalacewar ƙasa akan samar da abinci da rikice-rikice da ke tasowa tsakanin buƙatar ƙauyukan ɗan adam da sararin samaniya don samar da kayan abinci.<ref name="Lal,Hall,Miller1989" /> Tasirin canjin yanayi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rikici saboda hayakin carbon dioxide ya ci gaba da haifar da matsakaicin yanayin zafi na duniya, wanda ya haifar da karuwar lalacewar ƙasa ta hanyar rushewa, karuwar salinity, da raguwar tsire-tsire da fauna waɗanda ke ba da guddina ga ingancin sa.<ref name="Brownfieldbrief">{{Cite web |last=BrownfieldBriefing |title=Global Soil Partnership Launched, 19 September 2011 |url=http://www.brownfieldbriefing.com/news/global-soil-partnership-launched}}</ref> === Kwamitin Fasaha na Gwamnati a kan Kasa (ITPS) === Kwamitin Fasaha na Intergovernmental a kan Kasa, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2003, yana wakiltar dukkan yankuna na duniya kuma ya kunshi wakilan kwararru 27 na ƙasa. ITPS tana nan don ba da shawara ga GSP kan ilimin kimiyya da fasaha, ba da shawara don haɗa gudanar da ƙasa mai ɗorewa a cikin jadawalin daban-daban, sake duba Shirin Aiki na GSP, bi kan Shirin Aikin kuma neman kafa kwamitoci don lokuta na musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS) |url=http://www.fao.org/globalsoilpartnership/intergovernmental-technical-panel-on-soils/en/ |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=FAO}}</ref> == Matsayin kimiyya da fasaha == Taswirar ƙasa ta duniya ƙungiya ce ta duniya tsakanin cibiyoyin kimiyya na ilimi, yanki da na ƙasa waɗanda masu ruwa da tsaki suka tsara bisa ga yankuna masu dacewa. Yin amfani da [[Geographic information system|Tsarin Bayanai na Yanayi]] (GIS), nesa da fasahar da ke fitowa za a ƙirƙiri taswirar ƙasa ta duniya don wakiltar nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban.<ref name="GSM20112">{{Cite web |last=Global Soil Map |title=About the Project |url=http://www.globalsoilmap.net/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |archive-date=2009-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124034548/http://www.globalsoilmap.net/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar tana karkashin jagorancin ISRIC-World Soil Information, wanda ke da alhakin kara ilimi a kan ƙasa ta hanyar tattara bayanai da watsawa da ci gaban fasahohi da hanyoyin taswirar ƙasa ta dijital. Ana amfani da GIS don nunawa, nazarin da tattara bayanan ƙasa da matakai, da kuma gano nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban ta hanyar taswira da software na yanar gizo.<ref name="hossack2">{{Cite journal |last=Hossack |first=I |last2=Robertson, D. |last3=Tucker, P. |last4=Fyfe, C |year=2004 |title=A GIS and web based decision support tool for the management of urban soils |journal=Cybernetics and Systems |volume=35 |issue=5–6 |pages=499–509 |doi=10.1080/01969720490451878 |s2cid=30288572}}</ref> Ana amfani da [[Soil science|Kimiyya ta ƙasa]] tare da GIS don gano dukiyar ƙasa ta mutum da ta dace da aikin gona da kuma kula da ƙasa ta birane. Shirin Katin Lafiya na Kasa a Indiya yana amfani da kimiyyar ƙasa don ba da shawara ga manoma game da amfani da taki da juyawa na amfanin gona da kuma yin rikodin bayanai a kan hanyar sadarwa ta ƙasa wacce za'a iya amfani da ita don tsara nau'ikan ƙasa daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar. == Dubi kuma == === Amurka === * [[Dokar kare ƙasa da dokar bayar da gida|Dokar Kare Kasa da Rarraba Gida ta 1936]] == Manazarta == rxij86hg9tvvgwct9in26suku2rv7ll Jami'ar Harshe da Al'adu ta Beijing 0 124447 891607 794325 2026-08-05T07:21:37Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami’ar Harshe Da Al’adu ta Beijing''' jami'a ce ta jama'a ta ilimin harshe a Haidian, Beijing, China. Yana da alaƙa da ma'aikatar ilimi ta kasar Sin Jami'ar tana da babbar manufar koyar da yaren Sinawa da al'adu ga daliban kasashen waje.<ref>Why Beijing Language and Culture University". ''Beijing Language and Culture University''. Archived from the original on 2017-09-27. Retrieved January 7, 2022.</ref>Babbar jami'a ce kai tsaye a karkashin ma'aikatar ilimi ta [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]]. Ita ce jami'a daya tilo ta kasa da kasa da jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin ta kafa da sunan "harshe" tare da babbar manufar yada harshe da al'adun kasar Sin. Duk da haka, tana kuma daukar daliban kasar Sin da suka kware a harsunan waje da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi dan Adam da kimiyyar zamantakewa, da horar da malaman Sinanci a matsayin harshen waje. A da ita ce kadai irin wannan cibiya a kasar Sin. Bayan yunƙurin neman ilimi mai zurfi tun daga shekarun 90s, a halin yanzu sauran jami'o'i da yawa a kusan kowane manyan biranen kasar Sin suna da irin wannan tayin. Don haka digiri na farko ko digiri na biyu a cikin "Koyar da Sinanci a matsayin yare na biyu ga Baƙi", da kuma digiri na farko da na digiri a cikin harsunan waje da yawa, ba a iya samun su kawai a BLCU.<ref>About BLCU". ''Beijing Language and Culture University''. Archived from the original on 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2010-05-13</ref> Jami'ar Harshe da Al'adu ta Beijing galibi ana kiranta "Ƙananan [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]" a cikin Sin saboda yawan ɗalibanta na duniya daga ƙasashe daban-daban.<ref>Beijing Language and University About BLCU". ''english.blcu.edu.cn''. Retrieved 2022-01-07</ref>Ya zuwa 2022, akwai kusan ɗalibai na duniya 9,000 a cikin harabarta, suna matsayi na farko a China.<ref>Chiu, Christine (2021-01-27). "Top 100 Most Popular Universities for International Students in China". ''China Admissions''. Retrieved 2022-10-09</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, Jami'ar Harshe da Al'adu ta Beijing ta ba da matsayi na 5 a duk fadin kasar a tsakanin jami'o'in da suka kware kan koyar da harsunan da bincike a cikin fitowar kwanan nan na mafi kyawun darajar jami'o'in kasar Sin, matakin matsayi na [[Shanghai]] Ranking.<ref>"ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking". ''www.shanghairanking.com''. Archived from the original on 2022-01-07. Retrieved 2022-01-07.</ref> '''Tarihi''' A farkon shekarun 1950 lokacin da koyar da Sinanci a matsayin yaren waje (TCFL) ya kasance a matakin farko, ƙarni na farko na malaman BLCU sun ba da gudummawa sosai a aikin majagaba. A sakamakon haka, makarantar farko ta ilimi mai zurfi ta musamman ga daliban kasashen waje, an kafa "Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Harkokin Kasuwanci na Ƙasashen waje", a watan Yuni 1962. A cikin 1964, makarantar ta kasance a hukumance "Cibiyar Harshen Beijing" ( Sinanci: 北京语言学院; pinyin: Běijīng yànyu). A watan Yuni 1996, an sake masa suna "Jami'ar Harshe da Al'adu ta Beijing" ( Sinanci: 北京语言文化大学; pinyin: Běijīng yǔyán wénhuà dàxué). An rage sunan Sinanci a watan Yulin 2002 zuwa "Jami'ar Harshen Beijing" tare da amincewar ma'aikatar ilimi, amma sunan Ingilishi ya kasance. ba canzawa. A ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2002 ne aka yi bikin cika shekaru 40 na BLCU, inda babban sakatare Jiang Zemin da mataimakin firaministan kasar Li Lanqing suka rubuta wasikun taya murna, kuma shugaban zaunannen kwamitin NPC Li Peng ya rubuta kalmomi na karfafa gwiwa. An ba BLCU damar ba da digiri na digiri a cikin harsunan waje da wallafe-wallafe a cikin 2011. A cikin tarihinta, jami'a ta ilmantar da fiye da 220,000 dalibai na duniya daga 189 kasashe da yankuna daban-daban na duniya.Ya zuwa 2022, akwai kusan ɗalibai na duniya 9,000 a cikin harabar ta, wanda ke matsayi na farko a China. == haraba == Harabar BLCU tana cikin hukumar Haidian ta birnin Beijing. Yana ɗaukar kusan 330,289 m2, kuma jimillar yanki na ginin kusan 427,342 m2. Galibin wuraren koyarwa da suka hada da babban gini, dakin karatu da dakin motsa jiki suna wurin koyarwa, yayin da dakunan kwanan dalibai na daliban kasar Sin ma a can suke. Wurin kwanan dalibai na musamman ga ɗaliban ƙasashen waje shine Ginin 17, wanda yake a cikin wurin zama tare da gidaje don ma'aikata da iyalai. Ana iya samun wasu shagunan sayar da kayan abinci a wuraren koyarwa da kuma wuraren zama, kuma babbar kasuwar Wudaokou tana kusa da hanyar arewa ta wurin zama. '''Shirye-shiryen karatun digiri''' 1)Harshen Sinanci da Adabi 2)Koyar da Sinanci a matsayin Harshe na Biyu 3)Harshen Turanci da Adabi 4)Harshen Faransanci da Adabi 5)Harshen Jamusanci da Adabi 6)Harshen Mutanen Espanya da Adabi 7)Harshen Rashanci da Adabi 8)Harshen Larabci da Adabi 9)Harshen Jafananci da Adabi 10)Harshen Koriya da Adabi 11)Harshen Italiyanci da Adabi 12)Harshen Fotigal da Adabi 13)Harshen Turanci da Adabi 14)Fassara da Tafsiri 15)Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Fasaha 16)Gudanar da Bayanai da Tsarin Bayanai 17)Fasahar Watsa Labarai na Dijital Kudi 18)Zane 19)Aikin Jarida 20)Siyasar Duniya 21)Tattalin Arziki da Ciniki na Duniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Jami'o'i]] 9gud4w29bkcvlbgfs7q7hxwpg94vkqe Fatma Al Sharshani 0 125231 891400 753662 2026-08-04T17:17:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fatma Al Sharshani''' ( Arabic ) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Qatar kuma mai rubuta rubutu. Ta karɓi kwamitocin daga gidajen tarihi na Qatar da [[Paris Saint-Germain|Paris Saint Germain]] . Ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanenta da ke ɗauke da [[Baƙaƙen larabci|rubutun Larabci]] an nuna shi a cikin kayan ƙwallon ƙafa da [[Paris Saint-Germain|PSG]] ta saka a wasansu na Trophée des Champions na shekarar 2025 a Doha, wanda shine karo na farko da aka nuna Larabci a cikin kayan wasanni na ƙungiyar. == Sana'a == Al Sharshani tana da digiri a fannin Sinadarai da Kimiyyar Abinci daga Jami'ar Qatar . Ta fara karatun rubutun hannu a shekarar 2011, ta shiga darussa a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Musulunci da ke Doha. Gidan Tarihi na Qatar ne ya ba da umarnin zanen bango na farko a shekarar 2020. Mai taken 'Al Noor' yana da zane mai zagaye kuma yana cikin filin shakatawa na Qatar Post . Al Sharashani ta bayyana cewa aikin ya samo asali ne daga waƙar Jassim bin Mohammed Al-Thani . A shekarar 2021, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shekarar Al'adu ta Qatar-USA, ƙungiyar Portland Street Art Alliance da Gidan Tarihi na Qatar sun ba da umarnin Al Sharshani don ƙirƙirar zanen bango na uku a Portland, Amurka . Zane mai taken "Never Ending / Endless", zane mai zagaye yana amfani da rubutun Diwani, wanda Al Sharshani ya zaɓa tunda salon rubutu ne mai lankwasa. Tana kuma amfani da rubutun Naskh da Thuluth a cikin aikinta na zane-zane. Zane-zanen bango yana nan a titin Southeast Alder da titin 11th. A shekarar 2024, Al Sharshani ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Moroko|Morocco]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani aiki da Qatar Museums suka yi don ba da umarni ga masu fasaha don ƙirƙirar sabon aiki don baje kolin 2025, mai taken ''Ektashif: Morocco.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=العرب |date=19 November 2020 |title=17 فناناً يجمّلون الدوحة عبر «جداري آرت» |url=https://alarab.qa/article/19/11/2020/17-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=alarab.qa |language=ar}}</ref> Sau biyu ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa [[Paris Saint-Germain|ta Paris Saint Germain]] (PSG) ta ba ta umarni don ƙirƙirar sabbin zane-zane. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 January 2025 |title=Paris Saint-Germain unveils exclusive lettering in collaboration with Fatma Al Sharshani |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/paris-saint-germain-unveils-exclusive-lettering-in-collaboration-with-fatma-al-sharshani |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=EN.PSG.FR |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227173738/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/content/paris-saint-germain-unveils-exclusive-lettering-in-collaboration-with-fatma-al-sharshani |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi kwamiti na farko - ƙirar skateboard - a cikin 2023 a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin PSG da [[Clown Skateboards]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatari calligraffiti artist Fatma AlSharshani and her signature style |url=https://www.iloveqatar.net/guide/whosWho/qatari-artist-calligraphy-graffiti-fatma-fatima-alsharshani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002003453/https://www.iloveqatar.net/guide/whosWho/qatari-artist-calligraphy-graffiti-fatma-fatima-alsharshani |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=ILoveQatar.net |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2021 |title=JEDARIART: Meet the Artists – Part One |url=https://qm.org.qa/en/stories/all-stories/jedariart-meet-the-artists-part-one/ |website=Qatar Museums}}</ref> Kwamitin na biyu shine don ƙirar Larabci ta bayyana a kan rigunan da aka saka a wasan Trophée des Champions da aka buga a ranar 5 ga Janairu 2025. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=AlSharif |first=Farah |date=30 August 2021 |title=Qatari artist's Arabic calligraphy finds new home on US streets |url=https://dohanews.co/qatari-artists-arabic-calligraphy-finds-new-home-on-us-streets/ |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=Doha News {{!}} Qatar |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan shine karo na farko da [[Baƙaƙen larabci|rubutun Larabci]] ya bayyana a kan kayan PSG. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alami |first=Aymen |date=5 January 2025 |title=French Super Cup: Hakimi to Face Ben Sghir Wearing Arabic Designs |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2025/01/367444/french-super-cup-hakimi-to-face-ben-sghir-wearing-arabic-designs |access-date=22 January 2025 |website=www.moroccoworldnews.com |language=en}}</ref> Al Sharshani ya bayyana hukumar a matsayin "wata kyakkyawar dama ta nuna al'adunmu na [Musulunci] a kan dandamali na duniya". <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=Qatar |last2=Network |first2=Tribune News |date=2025-02-02 |title=Football creates vibrant spaces for the exchange of art and culture |url=https://www.qatar-tribune.com/article/161242/latest-news/football-creates-vibrant-spaces-for-the-exchange-of-art-and-culture |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Qatar Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Ta zaɓi rubutun Diwani don kayan ƙwallon ƙafa, kamar yadda yake a bayyane yake a karanta kuma ya haɗu da sauran halayen kayan. <ref name=":3" /> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4cdt1p8e9u1n6j39m47dj3kns33j9o6 Ellen Lane 0 126025 891360 780888 2026-08-04T13:36:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ellen Birgit Lane''' mai bincike ne na kimiyya kuma masanin kimiyya a fannin ilmin halitta na mutum. Ita ce Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya, A * A*STAR, a Singapore, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), A*STAR > Research |url=https://www.a-star.edu.sg/imb/Research/tid/6/Epithelial-Biology |access-date=2019-10-02 |website=www.a-star.edu.sg |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma Babban Masanin Kimiyya na Cibiyar Binciken Fata ta Singapore. Binciken ta ya shafi aikin epithelial cytoskeleton da muhimmancinsa a cikin cututtuka. == Ilimi == Lane ta kasance daliba a Makarantar 'yan mata ta Withington a [[Manchester]] tsakanin 1962 da 1969.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Adjunct Professor Birgitte LANE - Biochemistry, NUS Medicine |url=https://bch.nus.edu.sg/birgittelane.htm |access-date=2019-10-02 |website=bch.nus.edu.sg }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatun Zoology da Comparative Anatomy a Kwalejin Jami'ar London (UCL), inda ta kammala BSc a 1972, sannan ta sami PhD a 1976.<ref name=":0" /> A wannan lokacin a UCL, Lane ta haɓaka sha'awarta a ilmin halitta na epithelial. == Bincike da aiki == Lane ya gudanar da bincike na postdoctoral a Kwalejin Imperial ta London tsakanin 1975 da 1977, UCL tsakanin 1977 da 1978, da kuma Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, New York, tsakanin 1978 da 1980.<ref name=":0"/> Daga nan Lane ta shiga Asusun Binciken Ciwon daji na Imperial (ICRF, yanzu Ciwon daji a Burtaniya), inda daga baya ta zama memba na ma'aikata. A cikin 1990 Lane ta ƙaura da ƙungiyar ta daga ICRF Clare Hall zuwa [[University of Dundee|Jami'ar Dundee]], inda ta kafa Laboratories na CRUK, tare da mijinta [[David Lane (oncologist)|David Lane]] da [[David Glover (geneticist)|David Glover]] . Lane ta rike kujerar Cox na Anatomy da Cell Biology daga 1991 zuwa 2009. Lane ya ɗauki hutun sabbatical daga Dundee a 2005-2007, kuma ya yi aiki ga A * STAR a Singapore. Daga nan sai ta koma Dundee kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa Sashen Magungunan Kwayar cuta. A shekara ta 2009 Lane ya ɗauki alƙawari na cikakken lokaci tare da A * STAR . Ta rike mukamin Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya a Hukumar har zuwa 2018, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Cibiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2013-08-20 |title=Professors Sir David and Birgit Lane to resume full-time appointments in Singapore |url=https://www.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/news/2013/aug/20/professors-sir-david-and-birgit-lane-resume-full-time-appointments-singapore |access-date=2019-10-02 |website=School of Life Sciences |language=en}}</ref> === Daraja da kyaututtuka === An zabi Lane a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society na Edinburgh, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya da Kwalejin Sayarwa ta Singapore . <ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qdx4vpjqhjuxtzxsufozctuz0996yry Tsohon Kabari na Yahudawa, Cieszyn 0 126251 891602 756730 2026-08-05T07:17:01Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Databox}} Tsohon Makabartar Yahudawa (Yaren mutanen [[Poland]]: Stary Cmentarz Żydowski w Cieszynie) yana ɗaya daga cikin makabartun Yahudawa guda biyu a Cieszyn, Poland; tare da Sabuwar Makabartar Yahudawa. Yana kan titin Hażlaska 39, kuma shine mafi tsufa daga cikinsu. An sayi ƙasa don makabartar a cikin 1647 kuma tun daga lokacin ta kasance ta iyalin Singer. A shekara ta 1785, an daina zama mallakar masu zaman kansu kuma an sayar da shi ga al'ummar Yahudawa a Cieszyn. Kabarin karshe a makabartar ya faru ne a 1928. A shekara ta 1986, an kara makabarta a cikin rajistar abubuwan tunawa. Kabari yanzu na al'ummar Yahudawa ne a Bielsko-Biała . Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, makabarta tana da kaburbura sama da 1,500. Kabarin yana da yanki na hekta 1.9 kuma an kewaye shi da shinge na tubali. Marubutan yankin sun yi iƙirarin cewa an kafa makabartar a [[Zamanin Tsakiya]]. == Tarihi == === Kabari mai zaman kansa na iyalin Singer === Asalin makabartar yana da alaƙa da Jacob Singer, wanda ya kafa gidan Yahudawa mafi tsufa kuma wanda ya zauna har abada a Cieszyn. A shekara ta 1631, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da ake kira "Cieszyn toll" tare da Gimbiya Elizabeth Lucretia . Wani labarin umarni mai kwanan wata 23 ga Afrilu 1647 ya sanya shi mai karɓar haraji mai yawa tare da gata mai yawa, kamar 'yancin yin ikirarin Yahudanci da karɓar makabartar iyali na na'urar ga marigayi Singer. A wannan shekarar, Jacob Singer ya sayi yankin da ake kira "Winogrady" daga wani ɗan gari mai suna Jan Kraus. Winogrady ya zama cibiyar makabartar yau. An fara binne Singer a can, amma kabarinsa bai tsira ba har zuwa zamani. Bayan umarnin Charles VI a cikin 1713, akwai haƙuri ga yawan Yahudawa a cikin garin. A sakamakon haka, wadatar wuraren makabarta ta ragu da sauri fiye da baya. A cikin shekara ta 1715, ba tare da wuraren binnewa ba, Singers sun sayi wani yanki na ƙasa da gidansa daga Jan Faber, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1723, wani ɓangare na filin daga Susan Berisch . Ginin ya sami ma'aikaci wanda ke kula da makabarta. A lokacin Maria Theresa, Yahudawa daga Cieszyn da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi sun yi amfani da makabartar sosai. A shekara ta 1768, mawaƙa (Hirschel Singer da 'yar'uwarsa, Endel, gwauruwar Jacob Oppenheimie) sun sake faɗaɗa makabarta ta hanyar sayen lambun da ke kusa da tsohon folwark. Sun ci gaba da binnewa a wannan lokacin, kuma an caji manyan caji a kan binnewa, kodayake a kowace shekara ana binne Yahudawa matalauta 20 a kan asusun su tare da ƙara tufafi. [[Fayil:2024_Cieszyn_Old_jewish_cemetery_2.jpg|thumb|Dutsen kabari na harsuna biyu]] === Kabari mallakar karamar hukumar === A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1785, Musa Hirschel Singer ya sayar da dukiyar ga iyalai 88 na Yahudawa a Cieszyn don 900 florin kuma makabartar ta daina zama mai zaman kanta. An fadada makabarta; an sayi wani fili daga Paul Płoszka a cikin 1802, kuma an sayi ɓangaren ƙasa daga dutsen a cikin 1836, lokacin da makabarta ta kai siffarta ta ƙarshe. A kusa da 1820, an gina asibiti ga Yahudawa matalauta a makabartar, kuma a cikin 1830, an kewaye makabartar da bango na tubali.[1] A rabi na biyu na karni na 19, an gina gidan jana'izar, [[ɗaki]] don masu gadi da kuma dakunan dawakai da gawawwakin kuma har yanzu suna nan a yau. Ginin kyauta ce daga Emanuel A. Ziffer, ƙwararren ƙwararren jirgin ƙasa na Australiya, kuma an sadaukar da shi ga ƙwaƙwalwar iyayensa, a cewar hukumar.[2] == Manazarta == dot4nfpai5ysy8tnlkln27qvw4rpr4y Geothermal mai rufewa 0 126267 891529 803319 2026-08-04T22:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891529 wikitext text/x-wiki Tsarin '''zafin ƙasa mai rufewa''' (wanda kuma aka sani da "tsarin zafin ƙasa mai ci gaba" ko "AGS") wani nau'in tsarin makamashin ƙasa ne wanda aka ƙera wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan aiki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa wanda ake dumamawa a cikin ma'ajiyar duwatsu masu zafi ba tare da hulɗa kai tsaye da ramukan dutse da karyewa ba.: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Superhot Rock Energy Glossary |url=https://www.catf.us/superhot-rock/glossary/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Clean Air Task Force |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2023-09-13 |title=Is the future of energy ... pouring water on hot rocks in the ground? |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23825844/geothermal-enhanced-fervo-demonstration-superhot |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> Madadin haka, ruwan aiki na ƙarƙashin ƙasa yana zama a cikin madauri rufe na bututun da aka binne sosai waɗanda ke gudanar da zafin Duniya. Tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun nau'ikan tsarin zafin ƙasa na zamani da ake haɓakawa a yau. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Power |url=https://liftoff.energy.gov/next-generation-geothermal-power/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Pathways to Commercial Liftoff |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=DOE Unveils Roadmap for the Next Generation of Geothermal Power |url=https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-unveils-roadmap-next-generation-geothermal-power |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Energy.gov |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Geothermal_technology_overview.png|thumb|''Bayanin fasahar geothermal a cikin ƙira na gargajiya (hagu) da na gaba (dama).'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Power |url=https://liftoff.energy.gov/next-generation-geothermal-power/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Pathways to Commercial Liftoff |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://liftoff.energy.gov/next-generation-geothermal-power/ "Next-Generation Geothermal Power"]. ''Pathways to Commercial Liftoff''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-30</span></span>.</cite></ref>]] Kamar dukkan tsarin geothermal, tsarin geothermal mai rufewa yana samar da [[makamashi mai sabuntawa]], kuma galibi yana aiki azaman albarkatun tushe waɗanda ke samar da makamashi a cikin ƙimar da ba ta canzawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba kamar tsire-tsire na makamashin geothermal na yau da kullun ba, ana iya sanya tsire-tsire na geothermal mai rufewa a ko'ina cikin duniya, ya danganta ne kawai da zurfin albarkatun dutsen mai zafi. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Wannan nau'in fasaha ba ta dogara ne akan ikon shiga ko isa ga ruwa na geothermal na yau da kullun ba. Ana ci gaba da haɓaka ayyukan geothermal masu rufewa a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Kanada]], [[Japan]], da [[Jamus]] . == Fasaha == [[Fayil:ClosedLoopGeothermal.png|thumb|Zane-zane na tsare-tsare guda biyu na tsarin zafi na ƙasa mai rufewa, bututun U (hagu), da bututun da ke cikin bututu (dama). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=New tool models viability of closed-loop geothermal systems |url=https://newsreleases.sandia.gov/geothermal_modeling/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en}}</ref>]] Kamfanonin dumamar ƙasa masu rufewa suna amfani da nau'ikan tsarin injiniya iri-iri don samar da makamashin ƙasa mai zafi. Waɗannan tsarin galibi sun bambanta dangane da tsawon da yanayin rijiyoyin da aka rufe da madauri da aka sanya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, amma kuma suna iya bambanta a cikin kayan da ake amfani da su wajen gina rijiyoyi da kuma ruwan aiki da aka yi amfani da shi. Tsarin tsarin zafi na ƙasa guda biyu da aka yi amfani da su wajen haɗa tsarin zafi na ƙasa sune bututun U da bututun da ke cikin bututu: <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=New tool models viability of closed-loop geothermal systems |url=https://newsreleases.sandia.gov/geothermal_modeling/ |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://newsreleases.sandia.gov/geothermal_modeling/ "New tool models viability of closed-loop geothermal systems"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> * '''Tsarin ƙasa mai rufaffiyar madauri na U-tube:''' A cikin wannan tsarin, ana tura ruwan sanyi zuwa wani bututu mai zurfi a tsaye, wanda daga nan zai faɗaɗa a kwance zuwa wani nisa a zurfin inda dutsen yake da zafi sannan ya fito a wani wuri daban. Sashen kwance na iya ƙunshe da sassan rijiya ɗaya ko fiye a gefe (a kwance). * '''Tsarin ƙasa mai zafi na bututu a cikin bututu:''' A cikin wannan tsarin, ana tura ruwan sanyi ƙasa tare da layin waje na bututu zuwa wani zurfin, a lokacin ne bututun zai iya ƙara nisa a kwance a wannan zurfin. Lokacin da ruwan zafi ya bugi ƙarshen bututun, ana tura shi cikin bututun ciki, wanda ta cikinsa ruwan zafi zai koma saman. Hakanan ana kiransa tsarin coaxial ko bututu a cikin bututu. == Bincike da ci gaba == An nuna tsarin dumamar ƙasa da dama a duk duniya. Ana gina wani aikin dumamar ƙasa na kasuwanci a Geretsried, Jamus. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Tebur: Jerin ayyukan geothermal masu rufewa (ba su ƙarewa). ! Sunan Aikin ! Ƙasa ! Jiha/Yanki ! Shekarar Farko ! Mai Ba da Fasaha(s) ! Matsayi ! Nassoshi |- | Hanyar J-NEC Sabuwar Tsarin Wutar Lantarki na Geothermal | Japan | [[Kyushu|Kyūshū]] & Okinawa | 2016 | J-NEC, Jami'ar Kyoto | Zanga-zanga | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Eavor-Lite | Kanada | Alberta | 2019 | Eavor | Zanga-zanga | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2023-09-13 |title=Is the future of energy ... pouring water on hot rocks in the ground? |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23825844/geothermal-enhanced-fervo-demonstration-superhot |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> |- | Aikin Nunin Zafin Ƙasa Mai Rufe-Maƙalli | Amurka | California | 2020 | Makamashin Wutar Lantarki na GreenFire | Zanga-zanga | <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2024 |title=DOE Unveils Roadmap for the Next Generation of Geothermal Power |url=https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-unveils-roadmap-next-generation-geothermal-power |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Energy.gov |language=en}}</ref> |- | Matukin Jirgin Rufe Mai Ci Gaba | Japan | Niseko | 2023 | [[Chevron]], MOECO | Zanga-zanga | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Eavor-Loop Geretsried | Jamus | Bavaria | 2024 | Eavor | Gine-gine | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2023-09-13 |title=Is the future of energy ... pouring water on hot rocks in the ground? |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23825844/geothermal-enhanced-fervo-demonstration-superhot |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> |} == Fa'idodi == Fa'idodin da'irar ƙasa mai zurfi, mai rufewa sun haɗa da <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2023-09-13 |title=Is the future of energy ... pouring water on hot rocks in the ground? |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23825844/geothermal-enhanced-fervo-demonstration-superhot |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> # Babu buƙatar geofluid # Babu buƙatar dutsen mai zafi ya kasance mai ratsawa ko kuma mai ramuka # Duk wani ruwa mai aiki da aka gabatar za a iya sake rarraba shi ba tare da asarar komai ba # Ba a buƙatar [[Rashin daidaituwa|fracking]] ko ƙarfafawa don kafa ma'ajiyar ƙasa mai inganci. Waɗannan fa'idodin suna nufin tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa za a iya sanya shi a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin tushen makamashin [[Makamashi mai sabuntawa|da ba shi da carbon]], mai nauyin tushe, ba tare da wani tasiri ga albarkatun ruwa na halitta ba kuma yana rage haɗarin girgizar ƙasa da ke haifarwa sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kalmomi masu alaƙa == === Dutse busasshe mai zafi === Dutse mai zafi (HDR) tushen makamashin ƙasa ne mai yawa, amma yawanci yana da wahalar isa gare shi. Duwatsu masu zafi da busassun duwatsu na ginshiki ana samun su kusan ko'ina a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:CATF_superhot_rock_energy_project_map.jpg|thumb|Taswirar ayyukan makamashin dutse masu zafi da ake yi a yanzu da kuma waɗanda aka tsara]] An haƙa rijiyoyin dutse masu zurfi da zafi da yawa a faɗin duniya, ciki har da Amurka, Japan, Ostiraliya, Faransa, da Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> Yayin da samar da makamashin hydrothermal zai iya amfani da ruwan zafi da ake da shi a yanzu, HDR yana dawo da zafi daga busasshen dutse ta hanyar zagayawa na wani ruwa mai aiki da aka shigar ta hanyar wucin gadi. Ana ci gaba da ƙoƙari don ƙara haɓakawa da gwada fasahohin da za su iya samar da makamashin geothermal daga busasshen dutse mai zafi, gami da Ingantaccen Tsarin Geothermal da Tsarin Geothermal Mai Rufe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2023-09-13 |title=Is the future of energy ... pouring water on hot rocks in the ground? |url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/23825844/geothermal-enhanced-fervo-demonstration-superhot |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Vox |language=en}}</ref> === Tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa da aka yi da famfunan zafi na tushen ƙasa === Ba za a rikita tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa da famfunan zafi na ƙasa da ake amfani da su don ƙananan sikelin, galibi a gidaje da dumama. Duk da cewa tsarin biyu suna amfani da da'irar rufewa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta ruwa mai aiki, akwai muhimman bambance-bambance a cikin zurfin, zafin jiki, sikelin, da aikace-aikace ga kowane tsarin: * '''Zurfi:''' Ana sanya famfunan zafi na ƙasa a zurfin ƙasa, ƙasa da ƙafa 400 (mita 122). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Geothermal Heat Pumps |url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Energy.gov |language=en |archive-date=2026-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701184042/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/geothermal-heat-pumps |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana haƙa tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa da zurfi sosai, fiye da ƙafa 1640 (mita 500), don isa ga dutsen da ke da zafi a zurfin ƙasa (duba: geothermal gradient ). * '''Zafin Jiki:''' Famfon zafi na tushen ƙasa suna kai hari ga yanayin zafi mara zurfi na ƙasa, wanda ya bambanta a kowane lokaci daga 45&nbsp;°F (7)&nbsp;°C) zuwa 75&nbsp;°F (21)&nbsp;°C). <ref name=":2" /> Tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa yana mai da hankali kan yanayin zafi mafi zafi a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, wanda ya fi 212&nbsp;°F (100)&nbsp;°C), don samar da ƙarin ƙarfin makamashi. * '''Sikeli:''' Ana amfani da famfunan zafi na ƙasa don dumama da sanyaya gidaje masu ƙananan sikelin kuma yawanci suna samar da ƙasa da kilowatt 1 na makamashin zafi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Next-Generation Geothermal Technologies Are Heating Up |url=https://about.bnef.com/blog/next-generation-geothermal-technologies-are-heating-up/ |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=BloombergNEF |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana amfani da Tsarin Geothermal Mai Rufe-Madauki don samar da makamashi na kasuwanci da masana'antu kuma yawanci suna samar da fiye da megawatt 1 na makamashin zafi. * '''Amfani:''' Ana amfani da famfunan zafi na ƙasa don ƙananan gine-gine na zama da na kasuwanci, kuma ana amfani da su ne kawai don aikace-aikacen dumama da sanyaya. <ref name=":2" /> Tsarin zafin ƙasa mai rufewa ya fi dacewa da manyan amfani na kasuwanci da masana'antu, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don samar da wutar lantarki, ban da dumama da sanyaya 'kai tsaye'. Duba ƙamus ɗin shafin dumama da sanyaya yanayi na ƙasa don ƙarin bayani. == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Fasaha]] 9f9iw3nel4stlglgbqxwg3r6w1hg7fd Gidan mafaka na Duniya 0 127777 891544 760973 2026-08-05T00:12:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[gida]] mafaka na [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]], wanda kuma ake kira '''gidan ƙasa''', '''Gidan da aka rufe da ƙasa''', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Efficient Earth-Sheltered Homes |url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/efficient-earth-sheltered-homes |access-date=3 November 2024 |website=Energy Saver |archive-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102004613/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/efficient-earth-sheltered-homes |url-status=dead }}</ref> gidan da aka rufa da ƙasa, ko '''Gidan karkashin kasa''', tsari ne (yawanci gida) tare da ƙasa (ƙasa) a kan ganuwar da / ko a kan rufin, ko kuma an binne shi gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Duniya tana aiki azaman nauyin zafi, yana sauƙaƙa kula da yanayin zafi na cikin gida sabili da haka yana rage farashin makamashi don dumama ko sanyaya. Tsaro na duniya ya zama sananne bayan tsakiyar shekarun 1970, musamman tsakanin masu kula da muhalli. Koyaya, aikin ya kasance kusan tsawon lokacin da mutane ke gina nasu mafaka. * == Zane da gini == === Tsarin === Ana gina gidajen da aka kare a duniya sau da yawa tare da kiyaye makamashi da tanadi a zuciya. Takamaiman kayayyaki na mafaka na ƙasa suna ba da damar adanawa mafi girma. Don gine-gine ko a cikin tudu, wani shiri na yau da kullun shine sanya duk wuraren zama a gefen gidan da ke fuskantar ma'auni (ko arewa ko gabas, dangane da latitude). Wannan yana ba da iyakar hasken rana ga ɗakunan kwana, ɗakunan zama, da wuraren kicin. Gidajen da ba sa buƙatar hasken rana na halitta da dumama mai yawa kamar gidan wanka, ajiya, da ɗakin amfani yawanci suna kan akasin (ko a cikin tudu) gefen mafaka. Hakanan ana iya canza wannan nau'in layout zuwa ƙirar gida mai hawa biyu tare da matakan biyu gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan shirin yana da mafi girman ingancin makamashi na gidajen da aka kare a duniya saboda tsarin da aka tsara da kuma tsarin da aka nutse cikin ƙasa. Wannan yana ba shi mafi girman rabo na murfin ƙasa zuwa bango da aka fallasa fiye da mafaka mai hawa ɗaya. Nau'in ƙasa yana daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan yayin tsara shafin. Ƙasa tana buƙatar samar da isasshen ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya da magudanar ruwa, da kuma taimakawa wajen riƙe zafi. Tare da girmamawa ga magudanar ruwa, mafi kyawun nau'in ƙasa don mafaka a ƙasa shine cakuda [[yashi]] da dutse. Kyakkyawan ƙwayoyin suna da babban ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi (kimanin fam 8,000 a kowace murabba'in ƙafa), kyakkyawan ruwa da ƙarancin ƙanƙara. Yashi da yumɓu na iya zama masu saukin lalacewa. Ƙasa ta yumɓu, yayin da ba ta da saukin kamuwa da lalacewa, sau da yawa ba ta ba da izinin zubar da ruwa mai kyau, kuma suna da damar da za a iya amfani da sanyi. Ƙasa ta yumɓu tana da saukin kamuwa da raguwa da fadadawa. Kasancewa da sanin abin da ke cikin ƙasa da kuma canjin wannan abun cikin a cikin shekara zai taimaka wajen hana matsalolin dumama. Girman sanyi na iya zama matsala a wasu ƙasa. Ƙasa mai kyau na hatsi yana riƙe da danshi mafi kyau kuma yana da saukin kamuwa da hawan. Wasu 'yan hanyoyi don karewa daga aikin capillary da ke da alhakin ƙanƙara suna sanya tushe a ƙarƙashin yankin daskarewa ko rufe ƙasa a kusa da tushe mai zurfi, maye gurbin ƙasa mai saurin sanyi tare da kayan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma katsewa ta hanyar sanya Layer na ruwa mai laushi a cikin ƙasa da ke akwai. Ruwa na iya lalata mafaka na yumɓu idan ya kwanta a kusa da su. Guje wa wuraren da ke da tebur mai zurfi yana da mahimmanci. Rashin ruwa, duka farfajiyar da ƙasa, dole ne a bi da shi yadda ya kamata. Rashin ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi ga ginin yana da mahimmanci. Tsarin Atrium yana da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa, don haka ƙasar da ke kewaye da ita ya kamata ta gangara daga tsarin a kowane bangare. Wani bututun ruwa a gefen rufin na iya taimakawa tattara da cire ƙarin ruwa. Ga gidaje masu lalacewa, ana ba da shawarar zubar da ruwa a saman berm tare da gefen rufin. Wani tsinkaye mai tsinkaye a tsakiyar berm yana da taimako ko kuma bayan berm za a iya shimfiɗa tare da ganuwar riƙewa. A shafukan da ke kan gangara, runoff na iya haifar da matsaloli. Za'a iya gina ramin ruwa ko gully don karkatar da ruwa a kusa da gidan, ko kuma za'a iya shigar da rami mai cike da dutse tare da ramin ruwa. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da kwanciyar hankali na ƙasa, musamman lokacin da ake kimanta shafin da ke karkata. Wadannan gangaren na iya zama masu tsayayya lokacin da aka bar su kadai, amma yankewa a cikinsu na iya lalata kwanciyar hankali na tsarin su. Za a iya gina ganuwar riƙewa da baya don riƙe gangaren kafin a gina mafaka. A ƙasar da ke da faɗi, gidan da aka rufe da shi tare da farfajiyar da aka buɗe shi ne ƙirar da ta fi dacewa. A kan wani wuri mai gangara, an saita gidan a cikin tudun. Tudun zai ƙayyade wurin bango na taga; mafi kyawun daidaitawa a cikin matsakaici zuwa yanayin sanyi shine bango mai fuskantar kudu a Arewacin Arewa (da kuma arewacin da ke fuskantar kudu a Kudancin Kudancin) saboda fa'idodin hasken rana. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa a cikin Tropics mafi kusa da ma'auni tana fuskantar arewa zuwa ga aphelion (ko watakila arewa maso gabas) don daidaita matsanancin zafin jiki. Kusan a waje da Tropics, hanya mafi dacewa don kauce wa yawan zafi na rana na iya zama gidan da ke fuskantar gabas ko, idan kusa da gabar yamma, fallasa ƙarshen gabas da ƙarshen yamma, tare da bangarorin biyu masu tsawo da aka saka a cikin ƙasa. Dangane da yankin da kuma wurin da aka zaɓa don ginin da aka kare a ƙasa, fa'idodi da manufofi na ginin mafaka na ƙasa sun bambanta. Don yanayin sanyi da matsakaici, manufofi sun haɗa da riƙe zafi na hunturu, guje wa shiga, karɓar rana ta hunturu, ta amfani da zafi, inuwa da iska a lokacin rani, da kuma guje wa iskar hunturu da aljihun sanyi. Don zafi, burin yanayi mai bushe sun haɗa da kara yawan danshi, samar da inuwa ta rani, kara yawan motsi na iska na rani, da riƙe zafi na hunturu. Don zafi, burin yanayi mai zafi sun haɗa da guje wa zafi na rani, samar da iska ta rani, da riƙe zafi na hunturu. Yankunan da ke da matsanancin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun da na yanayi suna jaddada darajar ƙasa a matsayin nau'in zafi. Ginin duniya ya fi tasiri a yankunan da ke dauke da sanyaya da buƙatun dumama da bambancin zafin jiki. A yankuna kamar kudu maso gabashin Amurka, mafaka ta ƙasa na iya buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a cikin kulawa da gini saboda matsalolin kwantar da hankali dangane da babban danshi. Yawan zafin ƙasa na yankin na iya zama mai girma don ba da izinin sanyaya ƙasa idan yanayin zafi ya canza kadan daga rana zuwa dare. Mafi kyau, ya kamata a sami isasshen hasken rana na hunturu da isasshen hanyar iska ta halitta. Iska wani muhimmin bangare ne don kimantawa yayin tsara shafin, saboda dalilai game da sanyi na iska da asarar zafi, da kuma iska mai tsari. A cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, tuddai masu fuskantar kudu suna guje wa iskar hunturu mai sanyi wanda yawanci ke hurawa daga arewa. Har ila yau, wuraren da aka rufe su suna ba da isasshen kariya daga waɗannan iska masu tsanani. Koyaya, atria a cikin tsarin na iya haifar da ƙananan rikice-rikice dangane da girman. Yana da amfani don amfani da iskõki masu yawa a lokacin rani. Saboda iyakantaccen tsari na taga a mafi yawan mafaka na ƙasa, da juriya ga shigar iska, iska a cikin tsari na iya zama mai tsayawa idan ba a samar da iska mai kyau ba. Ta hanyar amfani da iska, iska ta halitta na iya faruwa ba tare da amfani da magoya baya ko wasu tsarin aiki ba. Sanin shugabanci, da ƙarfin, na iskõki na yanayi, yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta iska ta giciye. Ana sanya iska a cikin rufin rufin rufi ko cikakkun mafaka don cimma wannan sakamako. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eh2j7k04u3zicvl98qwsi5ed09ga92k Hanyar jirgin kasa (Singapore) 0 128435 891584 762709 2026-08-05T06:53:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Layin Jirgin Ƙasa''' hanya ce mai kyau a [[Singafora|Singapore]] wadda aka ƙirƙira daga sassan tsohon layin dogo na Singapore-Kranji wanda ya taɓa haɗa ƙasar tsibirin da [[Peninsular Malaysia|Peninsular]] [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] . Bayan ya ketare hanyar, layin dogo ya bi kudu daga Wurin Duba Jirgin Ƙasa na Woodlands ta hanyar Sungei Kadut kafin ya isa Bukit Panjang da Bukit Timah, wanda ya haɗa da wurin da tsohon tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Bukit Timah take . Daga nan ya ratsa ta Queenstown ya ƙare a Bukit Merah, wurin da tsohon tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Tanjong Pagar yake. Yawancin wannan hanyar an canza ta zuwa Rail Corridor bayan an cire waƙoƙin. Kodayake yawancin hanyar suna bin asalin tsohuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa, an sake daidaita wani sashi don sauƙaƙe gina sabbin wuraren ruwa a [[Kranji]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=New Kranji Water Reclamation Plant and Kranji NEWater Factory to support upcoming developments in northern and north-western Singapore |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/corporate/media-room/media-releases/pr23-29 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]}}</ref> Bugu da kari, akwai karkatarwa na wucin gadi a kan hanyar da ke tallafawa kokarin sabuntawa da ke gudana da nufin kiyaye gadoji, tashoshin da sauran abubuwan tarihi, da kuma sauƙaƙe ayyukan gine-gine na kusa, gami da sabbin ci gaban zama.<ref name="diversion2">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-09 |title=Diversion notice |url=https://railcorridor.nparks.gov.sg/latest-news/important-notices/permalink/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=[[National Parks Board]] |archive-date=2024-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208235415/https://railcorridor.nparks.gov.sg/latest-news/important-notices/permalink/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani reshe na hanyar da ke bin hanyar tsohon layin [[Jurong railway line|Jirgin ƙasa na Jurong]] ya fara gini a farkon 2025, kuma zai buɗe a hankali daga ƙarshen 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=Speech by Minister Desmond Lee at the update on Clementi Nature Corridor at Community Tree Planting |url=https://www.mnd.gov.sg/newsroom/speeches/view/speech-by-minister-desmond-lee-at-the-update-on-clementi-nature-corridor-at-community-tree-planting |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[Ministry of National Development (Singapore)]]}}</ref> == Bayani == Bayan da Singapore ta sami 'yancin kanta daga Malaysia a shekarar 1965, ayyuka da filayen da Singapore-Kranji Railway ke amfani da su sun ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon kamfanin gwamnatin Malaysia Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM). A ƙarƙashin Dokar Canja wurin Layin Jirgin Ƙasa ta Singapore ta 1918, wannan fili ya ƙunshi {{Convert|434.26|acres}} da {{Convert|352.52|acres}} an yi hayar sa na tsawon shekaru 999, yayin da {{Convert|81.74|acres}} ya kasance don har abada. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Wannan yanki mai fadin {{Convert|27|km}} daga arewacin Singapore a Woodlands, yana ratsa tsakiyar yankin kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Bukit Timah sannan ya sauka zuwa tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Tanjong Pagar a kudu. Baya ga tashoshin jirgin ƙasa, gabaɗaya ya kasance kunkuntar kuma galibi ya ƙunshi layukan jirgin ƙasa da wasu gine-gine daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=New Kranji Water Reclamation Plant and Kranji NEWater Factory to support upcoming developments in northern and north-western Singapore |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/corporate/media-room/media-releases/pr23-29 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, musayar ƙasa tsakanin Malaysia da Singapore ta ba Singapore damar sake kwace wannan yanki gaba ɗaya. A shekara mai zuwa, an kafa wani kamfanin haɗin gwiwa mai suna M+S Pte Ltd tsakanin Khazanah Nasional da Temasek Holdings don haɓaka gidaje a tsakiyar birnin Singapore wanda ya kai dala biliyan 11, waɗanda suka haɗa da Marina One da DUO . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=Speech by Minister Desmond Lee at the update on Clementi Nature Corridor at Community Tree Planting |url=https://www.mnd.gov.sg/newsroom/speeches/view/speech-by-minister-desmond-lee-at-the-update-on-clementi-nature-corridor-at-community-tree-planting |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[Ministry of National Development (Singapore)]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=New Kranji Water Reclamation Plant and Kranji NEWater Factory to support upcoming developments in northern and north-western Singapore |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/corporate/media-room/media-releases/pr23-29 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=Speech by Minister Desmond Lee at the update on Clementi Nature Corridor at Community Tree Planting |url=https://www.mnd.gov.sg/newsroom/speeches/view/speech-by-minister-desmond-lee-at-the-update-on-clementi-nature-corridor-at-community-tree-planting |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=[[Ministry of National Development (Singapore)]]}}</ref> == Ci gaba == === Tsarin farko === Tun lokacin da aka sanar da labarin musayar, jama'a sun nuna sha'awar ci gaban ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita a nan gaba. Daga nan sai Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Singapore (NSS) ta gabatar da shawara ga hukumomi don yin la'akari da filin da za a sake ginawa zuwa wani " hanyar kore ". Shawarar ta sami kwarin gwiwa daga Babban Layin New York da ''[[René-Dumont mai laushi|Filin Wasa]]'' na Paris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=New Kranji Water Reclamation Plant and Kranji NEWater Factory to support upcoming developments in northern and north-western Singapore |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/corporate/media-room/media-releases/pr23-29 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]}}</ref> Jama'a sun amince da ra'ayin, kuma gwamnatin Singapore ta amince da ra'ayin. Hukumar Sake Gina Birane ta gudanar da atisayen shiga tsakani na jama'a, wanda ya kai ga buƙatar shawara a shekarar 2015. An ƙara inganta shawarar da ta yi nasara tare da ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka tattara a cikin atisayen shiga tsakani na baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=New Kranji Water Reclamation Plant and Kranji NEWater Factory to support upcoming developments in northern and north-western Singapore |url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/corporate/media-room/media-releases/pr23-29 |access-date=2025-12-14 |website=[[Urban Redevelopment Authority]]}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen gaba === An sake gina tsohon tashar wuta ta Bukit Timah a cikin 2024 kuma an sake buɗe ta a cikin 2025. Za a ci gaba da wurare biyu tare da Rail Corridor, a Queensway da Stagmont Ring a cikin sararin al'umma kuma a kammala su a cikin 2027 da 2035, bi da bi. == Manazarta == 7r8ul35eyj3fi247rps713d0txs3o9e Filin wasa na Trusts 0 129014 891429 764100 2026-08-04T18:25:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Filin wasa na Trusts Arena''' wani fili ne na cikin gida da ke Henderson, Auckland, New Zealand. Fili ne mai amfani da yawa wanda galibi ke gudanar da wasannin motsa jiki da kade-kade na kiɗa. Firayim Ministar New Zealand Helen Clark ce ta buɗe Filin wasan a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2004. Yana ɗaukar mutane 4,901. Kusa da filin wasan akwai wani wurin [[Wasannin Motsa Jiki|motsa jiki]] na waje da aka sani da Douglas Track and Field, wanda ke ɗaukar mutane 3,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Engenium &#124; Trusts Stadium Grandstand, with covered seating for 3000, located in Waitakere City is situated next door to the Trusts Stadium |url=http://www.engenium.co.nz/Projects/Stadiums/Trusts-Stadium-Grandstand-rugby-__I.7902}}</ref> Filin wasan ya kasance gidan ƙungiyoyin wasanni da yawa, inda a yanzu haka ake kula da filin wasa a matsayin Northern Mystics of the ANZ Championship . Ƙungiyoyin da ke kusa da Douglas Track da Field sun haɗa da Waitakere City Athletics Club, Waitakere City Rugby Club, da Waitakere United na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta New Zealand . == Douglas Track da Field == Filin wasa na waje da aka haɗa da The Trusts Arena ana kiransa Douglas Track and Field. A halin yanzu wurin yana kula da [[Wasannin Motsa Jiki|wasannin motsa jiki]], rugby da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyoyi]] . Ƙungiyar Wasannin Waitakere City Athletic Club, Waitakere City Rugby Club da [[Waitakere United]] suna nan a filin wasa. Ana amfani da filin wasa a matsayin filin horo ga [[All Blacks]] lokacin da ake shirin wasanni a Auckland. Filin wasa ya kasance gida ga ƙungiyar rugby league ta [[Waitakere Rangers]] ta gasar [[Bartercard Cup]], kuma ya kasance filin horo ga [[New Zealand Warriors]] of the [[NRL]] . Filin wasan ya kuma dauki nauyin wasannin Gaelic na Australasian na 2010. == Fitattun wasanni == * Ƙungiyar Heavy metal Band Slipknot za ta fara wasanta na farko a New Zealand, tare da All Hope Is Gone World Tour a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Engenium &#124; Trusts Stadium Grandstand, with covered seating for 3000, located in Waitakere City is situated next door to the Trusts Stadium |url=http://www.engenium.co.nz/Projects/Stadiums/Trusts-Stadium-Grandstand-rugby-__I.7902}}</ref> * Wanda aka zaɓa a Grammy kuma wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar American Idol [[Adam Lambert]] ya buga wasansa na farko a New Zealand, tare da Glam Nation Tour a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2010. * [[Alice Cooper|Alice Cooper,]] jarumar wakar Glam rock, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo tare da wakar [[No More Mr. Nice Guy Tour]] a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2011, sannan ta dawo a matsayin wani ɓangare na wakarta ta [[Spend the Night with Alice Cooper Tour]] a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2017. * Ƙungiyar samari One Direction ta yi rangadinta na farko a New Zealand, tare da Up All Night Tour a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2012 bi da bi. * Take That ta buga wasanninta na farko a New Zealand, a Auckland da Wellington, tare da Wonderland Live Tour da ta isa nan a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2017. * Prodigy ta buga wasanta na ƙarshe a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2019 tare da ɗan wasan gaba Keith Flint kafin rasuwarsa a ranar 4 ga Maris 2019. * Joker Xue, mawaƙi kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Sin, ya buga wasansa na farko a New Zealand, inda ya jagoranci fagen a matsayin wani ɓangare na rangadin Skyscraper World Tour a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2019. * Post Malone, ɗan wasan hip-hop na Amurka, ya buga wasansa na farko a New Zealand a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2018. An mayar da wasan zuwa Trusts Arena daga ƙaramin wuri yayin da tikiti suka fara lalacewa cikin mintuna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Malone's New Zealand show upgraded to Trusts Arena |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11949419 |access-date=2026-01-03 |archive-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822143506/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/entertainment/news/article.cfm?c_id=1501119&objectid=11949419 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Fall Out Boy, ƙungiyar mawakan American Rock, ya yi wasan kide-kide a nan a ranar 7 ga Maris 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Trusts Arena |url=https://www.concertarchives.org/venues/trusts-arena}}</ref> * Limp Bizkit, wata ƙungiyar mawakan Amurka ta nu metal/rap metal/rap rock ita ma ta yi wasa a nan a ranar 17 ga Maris, 2018. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == er29k7klni072b9ssjxibkf4c3vv8i8 Gidan kayan gargajiya na Inkijk 0 131171 891542 769216 2026-08-05T00:01:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''.Gidan tarihin Inkijkmuseum''' (wanda aka fi sani da Trans. ''Look-in'') wani babban gidan tarihi ne da aka gina shi a birnin Eindhoven na [[Holand|ƙasar Holland]]. Yana cikin gidan wanka na tsohon masana'antar lilin ''Van den Briel & Verster'' a kan Dommelstraat. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eindhoven Best museums in Eindhoven 2025 Find interesting places to visit. |url=https://hikersbay.com/europe/netherlands/eindhoven/museum.html?lang=en |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=hikersbay.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-22 |title=History |url=https://www.inkijkmuseum.nl/en/history |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Inkijkmuseum new |language=en-gb}}</ref> An rufe masana'antar asali a shekarar 1936, bayan haka aka yi watsi da gidan wanka na ɗan lokaci. Daga nan aka mayar da shi wurin ajiye [[Keke|kekuna]] ga [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sandan]] birni, sannan aka mayar da shi cibiyar matasa [[Effenaar|ta Effenaar]] da kuma cibiyar al'adu [[Cultureel Centrum 2B|ta Cultureel Centrum 2B]]. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a matsayin gidaje na sirri a wancan lokacin. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Eindhoven Best museums in Eindhoven 2025 Find interesting places to visit. |url=https://hikersbay.com/europe/netherlands/eindhoven/museum.html?lang=en |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=hikersbay.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-22 |title=History |url=https://www.inkijkmuseum.nl/en/history |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Inkijkmuseum new |language=en-gb}}</ref> An yi ɗan gyara a gidan tarihi a shekarar 2008, inda aka sake buɗe shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba. <ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == 05rxpgu1lvwoog5btsjb0lvgn7l21jm Hukumar Meloni 0 132465 891604 772207 2026-08-05T07:19:12Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gwamnatin Meloni''' ita ce gwamnati ta 68 kuma ta yanzu ta [[Italiya|Jamhuriyar Italiya]], ta farko karkashin jagorancin [[Giorgia Meloni]], shugaban 'yan uwan Italiya, wanda kuma shine mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin Firayim Minista na Italiya. An rantsar da gwamnati a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2022. Yana daya daga cikin tsarin gwamnati mafi sauri a Tarihin Jamhuriyar Italiya. An bayyana shi daban-daban a matsayin canji zuwa ga dama ta siyasa, da kuma hadin gwiwar farko da ke karkashin jagorancin dama a Italiya tun lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. == Jam'iyyun tallafi == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar !Babban akidar !Jagora |- ! colspan="5" |Jam'iyyun gwamnati |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Brothers of Italy}}" | |'Yan uwan Italiya (FdI) |Tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasa |[[Giorgia Meloni]] |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lega Nord}}" | |Ƙungiyar (Lega) |Populism na dama |Matteo Salvini |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Forza Italia (2013)}}" | |Forza Italia (FI) |Mai ra'ayin mazan jiya |Silvio Berlusconi (ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2023) Antonio Tajani (tun daga 15 ga Yuli 2023) <br /> |- ! colspan="5" |Jam'iyyun da ke da mukamai na biyu |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Us Moderates}}" | |Mu Masu Matsayi (NM) |Mai ra'ayin mazan jiya |Maurizio Lupi |- ! colspan="5" |Taimako na waje |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of the Centre (2002)}}" | |Union of the Center (UdC) |Dimokuradiyya ta Kirista |Lorenzo ya ƙare |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coraggio Italia}}" | |Coraggio Italiya (CI) |Mai ra'ayin mazan jiya |Luigi Brugnaro |- | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Associative Movement of Italians Abroad}}" | |Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Italiyanci a Ƙasashen Waje (MAIE) |Italiyanci a kasashen waje |Ricardo Merlo |- | style="color:inherit;background:#5CB3FF" | |Ƙungiyar Kula da Dabbobi (MA) |Hakkin dabbobi |Michela Vittoria Brambilla |} == Tarihi == === Kafawar gwamnati === [[Fayil:Centrodestra_Quirinale_2022.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Wakilan hadin gwiwar tsakiya-dama a Fadar Quirinal]] Nan da nan bayan taron farko na sabuwar Majalisar dokokin Italiya, tashin hankali ya fara girma a cikin hadin gwiwar tsakiya-dama. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, Silvio Berlusconi ya ki tallafawa Ignazio La Russa, [1] wani dan siyasa mai asalin Neo-Fascist wanda ya kasance dan takarar 'yan uwan Italiya (FdI) don zama Shugaban Majalisar Dattijan Jamhuriyar. [2] [3][4] Koyaya, La Russa ta yi nasarar zabar ta hanyar samun kuri'u 116 daga cikin 206 a zagaye na farko, godiya ga goyon baya daga jam'iyyun adawa ga hadin gwiwar tsakiya-dama. [5][6][7] Rashin jituwa ya ci gaba, musamman tsakanin Berlusconi da Giorgia Meloni, wanda Berlusconi ya bayyana a matsayin "mai tallafawa, mai girman kai, mai girman kansa" da kuma "mai cin zarafi" a cikin jerin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-riji a Majalisar Dattijai.[8][9] A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, bayan tarurruka tsakanin shugaban jam'iyyun, tashin hankali ya ragu kuma jam'iyyu na tsakiya na tsakiya sun cimma yarjejeniya kan kafa sabuwar majalisar ministoci.[10] Berlusconi ya kuma koka game da yadda Forza Italia ta bi da shi, saboda yana son ma'aikatu 7 ba 4 ba (tun lokacin da Lega ta rike Shugabancin Majalisar, kuma FdI Shugabancin Majalisar Dattijai, wanda a cewar Berlusconi koyaushe ya cancanci 1 da 2 ga waɗanda ba su da su), amma Meloni ya yi dariya a fuskarsa kuma ya ba shi ma'aikatar daya kawai.[11] [[Fayil:Governo_Meloni.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Gwamnatin Meloni a Fadar Quirinal don bikin rantsuwa]] A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, an fara shawarwari tsakanin Shugaba Sergio Mattarella da jam'iyyun a hukumance. Kashegari, wakilai daga FdI, League (Lega), wanda aka zabi memba Lorenzo Fontana a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Wakilai a ranar 14 ga Oktoba), Forza Italia (FI), da Ƙungiyar Civics na Italiya-Us Moderates-MAI sun gaya wa Mattarella cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don kafa gwamnatin hadin gwiwa tare da Meloni a matsayin Firayim Minista. <ref>{{cite news |date=21 October 2022 |title=Tempi di formazione dei governi, da Berlusconi a Conte: i record |trans-title=Government formation times, from Berlusconi to Conte: the records |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/2022/10/20/governi-tempi-formazione |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022075944/https://tg24.sky.it/politica/2022/10/20/governi-tempi-formazione |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |website=Sky TG24 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=13 October 2022 |title=Far-right veteran elected Italian Senate speaker |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221013-far-right-veteran-elected-italian-senate-speaker |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=France 24 |publisher=Agence France-Press}}</ref> Da rana, Mattarella ta kira Meloni zuwa Fadar Quirinal, ta nemi ta kafa sabuwar gwamnati. Meloni ta yarda da aikin, kuma a wannan rana ta tara majalisar ministoci, wanda aka rantsar da shi a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, ya zama mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin Firayim Minista na Italiya. Gwamnati ta samu nasarar lashe kuri'un amincewa, wanda aka gudanar a ƙarshen Oktoba, tare da mafi rinjaye a cikin gidaje biyu.<ref>{{cite news |date=13 October 2022 |title=Chi ha votato La Russa dall'opposizione? |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2022/10/13/elezione-la-russa-senato-cosa-e-successo/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=Il Post |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 October 2022 |title=Berlusconi calls Meloni arrogant in written notes in Senate |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/politics/2022/10/14/berlusconi-calls-meloni-arrogant-in-written-notes-in-senate_fb3b2130-2950-4123-8d75-cfae53aac569.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |publisher=ANSA}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, Meloni ta ba da jawabinsa na farko a matsayin Firayim Minista a gaban Majalisar Wakilai, kafin amincewa da gwamnatinta. A lokacin jawabinta, ta jaddada nauyin kasancewa mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar gwamnatin Italiya.[1] Meloni ta gode wa mata da yawa na Italiya, musamman ciki har da Tina Anselmi, Samantha Cristoforetti, Grazia Deledda, Oriana Fallaci, Nilde Iotti, Rita Levi-Montalcini, da Maria Montessori, wadanda ta ce, "tare da allon misalai na kansu, sun gina tsani wanda a yau ya ba ni damar hawa da karya Rufin gilashi mai nauyi da aka sanya a kan kawunansu. " A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, gwamnati ta zabi mataimakan ministoci da sakatarenmu. [2][3][4] Galeazzo Bignami, daya daga cikin mataimakan ministocin da aka zaba, ya haifar da gardama kuma ya jawo hankalin duniya yayin da hoton 2005 na shi tare da tutar Nazi ya zama na jama'a. [5][6][7][8] A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2024, Gwamnati, ta hanyar Minista Matteo Piantedosi kuma tare da yarjejeniya da hukumomin [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] da Croatia, ta aiwatar da karin watanni shida don dakatar da Yarjejeniyar Schengen a kan iyaka da Slovenia, har zuwa 19 ga Disamba; <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2024 |title=Proseguiranno per sei mesi i controlli lungo il confine italo-sloveno {{!}} Ministero dell'Interno |url=https://www.interno.gov.it/it/notizie/proseguiranno-sei-mesi-i-controlli-lungo-confine-italo-sloveno |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=www.interno.gov.it |language=it}}</ref> An amince da karin watanni biyar da suka gabata a ranar 18 ga Janairu (kuma zai kasance har zuwa 19 Yuni). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stop Schengen: controlli al confine prorogati fino a giugno |url=https://www.triesteprima.it/cronaca/stop-schengen-giugno-2024.html |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=TriestePrima |language=it}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8x1uer4m2vgejyuij56hgrnv4wxlrre Gidauniyar Harshen Italiyanci 0 132679 891548 783760 2026-08-05T01:13:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891548 wikitext text/x-wiki An kafa '''Gidauniyar [[Italiyanci|Harshen Italiyanci]]''' ('''ILF''') a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2008, don ingantawa da tallafawa ilimin harshen Italiyanci a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] kuma musamman don sake dawo da shirin Advanced Placement (AP) na Kwamitin Kwalejin AP na Harshen Italiya da Al'adu. Margaret I. Cuomo, MD, ne suka kafa tushe, a halin yanzu shugaban ILF, da Louis A. Tallarini, shugabanta. Cuomo, tana aiki tare da mahaifiyarta, Matilda Raffa Cuomo, tsohuwar Uwargidan Shugaban Jihar New York, ta samu nasarar ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Kwalejin don haɓaka da aiwatar da shirin AP a cikin Harshe da Al'adu na Italiyanci, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2005, amma an dakatar da shi bayan shekara ta 2008-2009 saboda dalilai na kasafin kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the AP Italian Program |url=http://www.italianlanguagefoundation.org/history.shtml |access-date=14 November 2010 |publisher=Italian Language Foundation |archive-date=2 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702220136/http://www.italianlanguagefoundation.org/history.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> ILF ta yi aiki tare da manyan kungiyoyin masu zaman kansu na Italiyanci da Amurka da malamai da ke da sha'awar yaren Italiyanci, kamar su Ƙungiyar Malaman Italiyanci ta Amurka (AATI) <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the AP Italian Program |url=http://www.italianlanguagefoundation.org/history.shtml |access-date=14 November 2010 |publisher=Italian Language Foundation |archive-date=2 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702220136/http://www.italianlanguagefoundation.org/history.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Majalisar Amurka kan Koyar da Harsunan Kasashen Waje (ACTFL), da kuma [[Italiya|Jamhuriyar Italiya]], don wayar da kan jama'a da kudade don tallafawa aikinta.<ref>{{cite news |last=Staff |date=9 January 2009 |title=College Board Says, 'Arrivederci, AP Italian' |url=https://www.usnews.com/blogs/on-education/2009/01/09/college-board-says-arrivederci-ap-italian-.html |accessdate=14 November 2010 |newspaper=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> Baya ga alkawarin $ 1,500,000 da Jamhuriyar Italiya ta yi, Gidauniyar Columbus Citizens, masu shirya bikin Columbus Day Parade na shekara-shekara na Birnin New York, sun yi alkawarin sama da $ 500,000 don tallafawa sake dawo da shirin AP Italiyanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Columbus Citizens Foundation |url=http://www.columbuscitizensfd.org/ |access-date=14 November 2010 |website=Columbus Citizens Foundation |archive-date=14 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814044900/http://www.columbuscitizensfd.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kwamitin Kwalejin ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a sake dawo da shirin AP Italiyanci tun daga farkon shekara ta 2011, tare da jarrabawar AP Italiyancin farko da aka shirya don Mayu 2012. == Dubi kuma == * Ci gaba da sanya harshen Italiyanci da Al'adu == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.italianlanguagefoundation.org/}} 307v83jgj1cx81b8hwvrsvx3ubxvger Fernando Alvarez (masanin tattalin arziki) 0 132741 891415 790794 2026-08-04T17:54:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fernando Enrique Alvarez''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alvarez, Fernando, 1964- |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no98085265.html |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=id.loc.gov}} It is not clear if he was born in September or December; there is conflicting information in the authority record.</ref> ƙwararren masanin tattalin arziki ne [[Argentina|na ƙasar Argentina]] . Farfesa ne a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Chicago . Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Universidad Nacional de La Plata a shekara ta 1989 da kuma digirinsa na uku a fannin Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Minnesota a shekara ta 1994. An zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar tattalin arziki a shekara ta 2008. An naɗa shi a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekara ta 2018. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Newly Elected Fellows |url=https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newfellows.aspx?s=a |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034914/https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newFellows.aspx?s=a |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=January 13, 2019 |website=members.amacad.org}}</ref> Gudunmawar da Fernando Alvarez ya bayar da alama ta fi tasiri ita ce aikinsa da [[Urban Jermann]] (Wharton) kan kasuwannin da ba su cika ba. Sun nuna yadda tsarin sadaukarwa mai iyaka na Timothy Kehoe da David Levine da kuma na Narayana Kocherlakota za a iya raba shi da wasu ƙa'idodi na lamuni. Sun kuma nuna yadda wannan tsarin zai iya bayyana wasu fasaloli na farashin kadarori, kamar ƙimar hannun jari. Jaridu da dama sun yi amfani da tsarinsu daga baya don bayyana wasu abubuwan da suka faru a fannin tattalin arziki. Fernando Alvarez ya kuma gabatar da wani sabon kiyasi na farashin jin daɗin rayuwa na zagayowar kasuwanci, wanda ya dogara ne akan farashin kadarori da aka lura (tare da Urban Jermann). Sauran ayyukansa sun haɗa da samfuran tattalin arzikin kuɗi tare da kasuwanni masu rarrabuwa da samfuran bincike tare da kasuwanni marasa cikawa. == Ayyukan da aka buga == * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Veracierto, Marcelo |year=2012 |title=Fixed-Term Employment Contracts in an Equilibrium Search Model |url=https://www.chicagofed.org/digital_assets/publications/working_papers/2005/wp2005_14.pdf |journal=Journal of Economic Theory |volume=147 |issue=5 |pages=1725–53 |doi=10.1016/j.jet.2012.05.015}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Guiso |first2=Luigi |last3=Lippi |first3=Francesco |year=2012 |title=Durable Consumption and Asset Management with Transaction and Observation Costs |url=http://cadmus.eui.eu//bitstream/1814/13224/1/ECO_2010_04.pdf |journal=American Economic Review |volume=102 |issue=5 |pages=2272–300 |doi=10.1257/aer.102.5.2272 |s2cid=15832515 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2025-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829082750/https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/1814/13224/1/ECO_2010_04.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando E. |last2=Lippi |first2=Francesco |last3=Paciello |first3=Luigi |year=2011 |title=Optimal Price Setting with Observation and Menu Costs |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w15852.pdf |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=1909–60 |doi=10.1093/qje/qjr043 |s2cid=2700404}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Edmond |first3=Chris |year=2009 |title=Sluggish Responses of Prices and Inflation to Monetary Shocks in an Inventory Model of Money Demand*. |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=911–67 |citeseerx=10.1.1.188.8630 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.911}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lippi |first2=Francesco |year=2009 |title=Financial Innovation and the Transactions Demand for Cash |url=https://www.eief.it/files/2012/09/wp-07-financial-innovation-and-the-transactions-demand-for-cash.pdf |journal=Econometrica |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=363–402 |doi=10.3982/ECTA7451 |s2cid=17298975 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lucas |first2=Robert E. |last3=Jr. |year=2007 |title=General Equilibrium Analysis of the Eaton-Kortum Model of International Trade |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w11764.pdf |journal=Journal of Monetary Economics |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=1726–68 |doi=10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.07.006 |s2cid=1465112}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Kehoe |first3=Patrick J. |year=2007 |title=If Exchange Rates Are Random Walks, Then Almost Everything We Say About Monetary Policy Is Wrong |url=http://researchdatabase.minneapolisfed.org/downloads/b8515n48h |journal=American Economic Review |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=339–45 |doi=10.1257/aer.97.2.339 |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005040206/https://researchdatabase.minneapolisfed.org/downloads/b8515n48h |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2005 |title=Using Asset Prices to Measure the Persistence of the Marginal Utility of Wealth |journal=Econometrica |volume=73 |issue=6 |pages=1977–2016 |citeseerx=10.1.1.522.25 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00643.x}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |year=2005 |title=Commentary on 'Organizational Dynamics over the Business Cycle: A View on Jobless Recoveries.' |url=http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/05/07/Alvarez.pdf |journal=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review |volume=87 |issue=4 |page=581 |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2016-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518035314/https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/05/07/Alvarez.pdf |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2004 |title=Using Asset Prices to Measure the Cost of Business Cycles |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173&context=fnce_papers |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=112 |issue=6 |pages=1223–56 |doi=10.1086/424738}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Kehoe |first2=Patrick J. |last3=Andrés Neumeyer |first3=Pablo |year=2004 |title=The Time Consistency of Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies |journal=Econometrica |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=541–67 |citeseerx=10.1.1.57.8510 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0262.2004.00500.x |jstor=3598912}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Atkeson |first2=Andrew |last3=Kehoe |first3=Patrick J |year=2002 |title=Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates with Endogenously Segmented Markets |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10054416/ |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=73–112 |doi=10.1086/324389 |s2cid=15445591}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Lucas |first2=Robert E. Jr. |last3=Weber |first3=Warren E. |year=2001 |title=Interest Rates and Inflation |url=http://www.minneapolisfed.org/research/wp/wp609.pdf |journal=American Economic Review |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=219–25 |doi=10.1257/aer.91.2.219 |jstor=2677763}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Jermann |first2=Urban J. |year=2001 |title=Quantitative Asset Pricing Implications of Endogenous Solvency Constraints |url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w6953.pdf |journal=Review of Financial Studies |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=1117–51 |doi=10.1093/rfs/14.4.1117 |jstor=2696737 |s2cid=154872673}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |last2=Veracierto |first2=Marcelo |year=2001 |title=Severance Payments in an Economy with Frictions |journal=Journal of Monetary Economics |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=477–98 |doi=10.1016/S0304-3932(01)00058-7}} * {{Cite journal |last=Alvarez |first=Fernando |year=2001 |title=Comment on 'the Benefits of Dollarization When Stabilization Policy Lacks Credibility and Financial Markets Are Imperfect' |journal=Journal of Money, Credit and Banking |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=475–81 |doi=10.2307/2673911 |jstor=2673911}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r39z8oaprj4t7yzzpmbbi4mnpy0h2s6 Herschel Savage 0 132754 891650 772767 2026-08-05T10:34:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Herschel Savage''' (an haife shi '''Harvey Cohen''', 25 ga Nuwamba, 1952 - 8 ga Oktoba, 2023) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na batsa na Amurka, darakta, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na mataki wanda ya fito a cikin fina-finai sama da 1,000 na manya. <ref name="PornWork">{{Cite web |last=R. Berg |first=Heather |date=2016 |title=Porn Work: Adult Film at the Point of Production |url=https://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/downloads/9019s264k |access-date=October 8, 2018 |publisher=[[University of California, Santa Barbara]] |type=PhD |archive-date=July 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703020758/https://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/downloads/9019s264k |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ''AVN'' ta sanya shi a matsayi na 46 a cikin jerin ''Manyan Taurarin Batsa 50 na Duk Lokaci'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AVN: The 50 Top Porn Stars of All Time |url=http://www.action-dvd.com/avnt50ps.asp?whichpage=1&userid=3AED28DC-3047-4F5C-87F5-D9AC3B9DA6F3&sort_order= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015019/http://www.action-dvd.com/avnt50ps.asp?whichpage=1&userid=3AED28DC-3047-4F5C-87F5-D9AC3B9DA6F3&sort_order= |archive-date=September 30, 2007 |access-date=January 14, 2010}}</ref> An kuma shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun AVN da XRCO . <ref name="AVNHOF">{{Cite web |title=AVN Hall Of Fame |url=http://www.avnawards.com/halloffame.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415212412/http://www.avnawards.com/halloffame.php |archive-date=April 15, 2009 |access-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Herschel Savage a matsayin Harvey Cohen a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1952, a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], ga iyayensa [[Yahudawa|Yahudawa ']] yan Rasha . <ref name="BFI">{{Cite web |title=Herschel Savage |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6e958aa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124203105/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba6e958aa |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |access-date=October 5, 2018 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa ta yi fama da matsalar rashin lafiyar da ke damun mutum . Tun yana girma, ya halarci majami'ar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya . Savage ya kalli fim ɗinsa na farko na manya mai ''suna The Nun's Bad Habit'' a wani gidan sinima da ke Times Square . <ref name="AVNPornStar" /> Savage ya fara karatun aikin kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin jarumar wasan kwaikwayo ta Broadway Uta Hagen da kuma fitacciyar malamar wasan kwaikwayo Stella Adler . [1] [2] Da farko Savage ya nemi shiga cikin manyan dandamali da kuma aikin talabijin. [3] Duk da haka, ya ji takaici da yawan gwaji da kuma gasa a fagen aiki. [1] Ya kuma yi aiki a wani kamfanin motsa jiki. == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Herschel_Savage_DSC_0428_cropped.JPG|left|thumb|199x199px|Savage a shekarar 2006]] An gabatar da Savage ga masana'antar fina-finan manya ta hannun jarumi R. Bolla a shekarar 1976. Ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurarin " Zinariyar Zaman Batsa " a shekarun 1970 da 1980. <ref name="Herschel" /> Savage ya fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Debbie Does Dallas'' na gargajiya na 1978, wanda aka biya shi kusan dala $150 a rana. Fim ɗin ya yi nasara a fannin kuɗi, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan fina-finan manya guda biyar mafi samun kuɗi a kowane lokaci. Wasu daga cikin sauran fina-finan da ya fito a ciki sun haɗa da ''Expose Me Now'', ''Bodies in Heat'', da ''Rambone Does Hollywood'' . <ref name="DOP" /> Ya ƙirƙiri sunan dandamali "Herschel Savage" tare da babban jarumi Jamie Gillis a ƙoƙarin haɗa ' halayyar Yahudawa mai rauni' da ta ɗan wasa. <ref name="Herschel" /> A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, Savage ya taimaka wajen tsara ayyukan karuwai a [[San Francisco]] don neman mafi kyawun albashi. <ref name="PornWork"/> Daga ƙarshe an yi watsi da wannan shiri bayan da kamfanonin shirya fina-finai suka yi barazanar sanya wa masu yin fina-finai takunkumi . <ref name="PornWork" /> A shekarar 1986, Savage ya fito a cikin wani fim mai suna ''52 Pick-Up'' na fim ɗin laifuka na neo-noir mai suna 52 Pick-Up wanda Roy Scheider da Ann-Margret suka fito. <ref name="BFI"/> An yaba masa a matsayin "Harvey Cowen". A shekarar 1988, an shigar da Savage cikin zauren shahara na XRCO . A wannan shekarar, ya bar batsa ya yi aiki a tallace-tallace da rarraba bidiyo. Ya koma yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1997. <ref name="play" /> === Matakin mataki === Savage ya yi wasa da sunan "Max Cohen" a wani shiri na Neil Simon mai suna ''The Prisoner of Second Avenue'' a shekarar 2006. <ref name="BFI"/> A watan Janairun 2013, ya nuna daraktan fina-finan batsa Gerard Damiano a cikin shirin Los Angeles mai suna ''The Deep Throat Sex Scandal'', wani wasan kwaikwayo da aka bayyana a matsayin "bayar da labarin baya na Deep Throat ." Wasan kwaikwayonsa ya jawo ra'ayoyi masu kyau. <ref name="TheRialtoReport">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title=Herschel Savage: The Evergreen Porn Star |url=https://www.therialtoreport.com/2013/11/03/herschel-savage-the-evergreen-porn-star-podcast-24/ |access-date=October 4, 2018 |publisher=[[The Rialto Report]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake rubutu a ''[[Los Angeles Times|jaridar The Los Angeles Times]]'', Charlotte Stoudt ya kira hoton Savage na Damiano "abin mamaki". Myron Meisel daga ''jaridar The Hollywood Reporter'' ya lura cewa "yana haifar da tausayi mai ban sha'awa a matsayin daraktan da aka ruɗe cikin ƙauna Damiano." Steven Leigh Morris daga ''LA Weekly'' ya ɗauki wasan kwaikwayonsa "wasan kwaikwayo mai ban dariya [[wiktionary:terra firma|terra firma]] ". Savage ya yaba wa wasan kwaikwayon da "sabunta ƙaunarsa ga yin wasa a kan dandamali." == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Savage ɗan addinin Buddha ne. <ref name="TheRialtoReport"/> Yana zaune a California. <ref name="TheRialtoReport" /> Herschel Savage ta mutu a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2023, tana da shekaru 70. == Zaɓi wasanni == === Fim === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Lakabi ! scope="col" | Shekara ! scope="col" | Matsayin ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Bayanan kula ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | ''Debbie Dallas'' | 1978 | Tim | | style="text-align:center;" | |- | ''Gamsar da Alpha Blue'' | 1980 | Griffin | | style="text-align:center;" | |- | ''Memphis Cathouse Blues'' | 1982 | Deacon Davis | | |- | ''Abin da ke bani sha'awa!'' | 1984 | Saurayin Mrs. Radner | | |- | ''Ɗauka 52'' | 1986 | Mai zuwa Bikin Biki | An san shi da Harvey Cowen | |- | ''Droid'' | 1988 | Turkiyya | | |- | ''Numfashin Ƙarshe'' | 2000 | Mijin Maryamu | | style="text-align:center;" | |- | ''Kisan gillar Texas Vibrator'' | 2008 | Jami'in bincike Mike Roe | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Warren |first=Peter |date=April 23, 2008 |title=Rob Rotten's Texas Vibrator Massacre |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/rob-rotten-s-i-texas-vibrator-massacre-i-arrives-april-29-52320.html |access-date=October 6, 2018 |publisher=XBIZ}}</ref> |- | ''30 Rock: Wasan barkwanci na XXX'' | 2009 | Jake | | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="StereoGum">{{Cite web |last=Delahaye |first=Gabe |date=August 21, 2009 |title=NSFW: 30 Rock Porno? 30 Rock Porno |url=https://www.stereogum.com/1773474/nsfw_30_rock_porno_30_rock_por/vg-loc/videogum/ |access-date=October 6, 2018 |publisher=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> |- | ''Bayan Batsa Ya Ƙare 3'' | 2018 | kansa | Shirin gaskiya | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="AfterPorn">{{Cite web |last=Pardon |first=Rhett |date=September 19, 2018 |title='After Porn Ends' Documentary Series Continues With 3rd Chapter |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/238821/after-porn-ends-documentary-series-continues-with-3rd-chapter |access-date=October 6, 2018 |publisher=XBIZ}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] ====MANAZARTA==== kgns0vjbyn64guddg8izdod7yagdi6d Makarantar Sakandare ta Taroona 0 132895 891606 794996 2026-08-05T07:20:17Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Taroona''' wata makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati da ke a Taroona, wani yanki na Hobart, Tasmania, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1958, tana kula da kimanin ɗalibai 1,200 daga shekara ta 7 zuwa 10 (Taroona@UTAS tana kula da yara daga shekara ta 11 zuwa 12). Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tasmania ce ke kula da makarantar. A shekarar 2019, ɗaliban da suka yi rajista sun kai 1,110. Shugaban makarantar shine Charles White.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Taroona High Principal Welcome |url=https://taroonahigh.education.tas.edu.au/principal-welcome}}</ref> Makarantar tana shirin faɗaɗa zuwa aji 11 da 12 tare da ƙarancin darussa da za su fara a shekarar makaranta ta 2022 a harabar Jami'ar Tasmania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Years 11/12 Extension Project |url=https://taroonahigh.education.tas.edu.au/years-11-12-extension-project |website=Taroona High School |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2022-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312145811/https://taroonahigh.education.tas.edu.au//years-11-12-extension-project |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsohuwar ɗalibar da ta fi fice a makarantar ita ce Sarauniya Mary ta ƙasar [[Denmark]]. == Kayan aiki == Makarantar tana bakin kogin Derwent, tare da rairayin bakin teku mai duwatsu.[1] A shekara ta 2003, Makarantar Sakandare ta Taroona ta sami babban ci gaba. Yankin ciyar da makarantu ya ƙunshi ɗalibai a yankunan kudancin Hobart kamar Taroona, Dynnyrne da Sandy Bay, amma ɗalibai kuma suna fitowa daga makarantu masu shiga a wasu yankuna daban-daban kamar West Hobart da Blackmans Bay.[1] Makarantar Sakandare ta Taroona tana da wuraren gini guda huɗu kowanne da matakai biyu ko fiye: * A Block ya ƙunshi ofis, babban jami'i, azuzuwan gabaɗaya a hawa biyu na sama da Cibiyar Koyo, wanda ake amfani da shi don koyar da yara masu buƙatu na musamman. A bene na ƙasa yana ɗauke da ɗakin karatu <ref name="p2016">{{Cite web |title=Taroona High School 2016 Prospectus |url=https://taroonahigh-intranet.education.tas.edu.au/Documents/2016%20Taroona%20High%20School%20Prospectus.pdf |page=5 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma ajin Binciken Teku. An fara ginin a shekarar 1957, kuma an buɗe shi don amfani a shekarar 1958, gini na farko a makarantar.<ref name="a50a" /> An ƙara wani ƙarin gini mai suna Science Demonstration Block a shekarar 1969.<ref name="a50a">{{Cite web |title=50th Anniversary Publication |url=http://thsa.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/50th-Anniversary-Publication-WEB.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310001830/http://thsa.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/50th-Anniversary-Publication-WEB.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-10 |website=Taroona High School Association}}</ref> * B Block ya ƙunshi cakuda azuzuwan gabaɗaya da ɗakunan fasaha a saman bene, tare da ɗakunan girki don darussan abinci, azuzuwan amfani na gabaɗaya a ƙasa, da kuma wuraren bita na Zane da Fasaha da kuma Kantin Shakatawa mai cikakken kayan aiki a ƙasan benen ƙasa.<ref name="p2016" /> * An gina C Block a farko a shekarar 1962.<ref name="a50a" /> C Block galibi an keɓe shi ne ga azuzuwan Kiɗa, Wasan Kwaikwayo, da na Zamani, tare da dukkan ɗakunan kiɗa a saman bene na sabon faɗaɗa tubalin, da kuma wuraren Wasan Kwaikwayo da na Zamani a ƙasa. C Block yanzu ya ƙunshi sabbin azuzuwa da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don azuzuwan Aji 10, da kuma ofisoshin ma'aikata. An yi wa dukkan tubalin ƙarin gyare-gyare kwanan nan. * D Block gini ne na wucin gadi wanda ke ɗauke da ɗakunan aji, amma an cire shi. * Dakin motsa jiki - Ana amfani da dakin motsa jiki don tarurrukan makarantu gaba ɗaya, amma galibi don amfani da azuzuwan Ilimin motsa jiki na cikin gida. Hakanan ana amfani da dakin motsa jiki don kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="p2016" /> An kammala ginin kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 1970.<ref name="a50a" /> * S Block ya ƙunshi dakunan gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da azuzuwan karatu da kuma na'urar auna girgizar ƙasa <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Taroona High Principal Welcome |url=https://taroonahigh.education.tas.edu.au/principal-welcome}}</ref> da kuma dakunan gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta guda biyu na hannu da ke cikin ɗakin shirye-shiryen kimiyya. * An gina tubalin haɗin da ya haɗa tubalin A da B tsakanin 1987 da 1988. A lokacin zubar da siminti na mataki na 1, aikin ginin ya ruguje.<ref name="a50a" /> * An kammala Cibiyar Kayayyakin Albarkatu a shekarar 1977. Laburare ya koma can daga wani yanki na A.<ref name="a50a" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 23kyssewjjkixb0lh5zbvkc8n150fia Badruddin Ajmal 0 133206 891601 822518 2026-08-05T07:16:33Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Badruddin Ajmal (an haife shi 12 Fabrairu 1950) ɗan kasuwa ɗan Indiya ne, ɗan siyasa, mai taimakon jama'a kuma masanin ilimin addinin musulunci daga jihar Assam.[1] Shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind na jihar Assam. Shi ne dan majalisa, Lok Sabha daga mazabar Dhubri daga 2009 zuwa 2024. A cikin babban zaben Indiya na 2024, shi ne dan takara mafi arziki daga Assam tare da bayyana kadarorin da ya wuce ₹ 155 crore.[2]. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban All [[Indiya|India]] United Democratic Front tun daga 2005. Shi ne kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, Ajmal Foundation wadda ta kafa cibiyoyin ilimi 25, [3] makarantu, da asibitoci.[4]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ajmal ne a cikin iyalin Musulmi na Bengali daga Hojai, [[Assam]] . Iyalinsa sun samo asali ne daga Gundumar Sylhet ta [[Bangladesh|gabashin Bengal]] . Shi ne ɗan Haji Ajmal Ali, manomi na shinkafa wanda ya koma [[Mumbai]] a 1950 don ƙoƙarin cin nasara a masana'antar turare ta amfani da [[shuka]] ta ''oud''. Bayan bude shagon farko a cikin shekarun 1960, alamar turare ta Ajmal da sauri ta zama babbar alama a Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phase 3 polls in Assam: Ajmal leads list of wealthy candidates |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/phase-3-polls-in-assam-ajmal-leads-list-of-wealthy-candidates/articleshow/109849550.cms}}</ref> Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin tauhidi da [[Larabci]] daga Darul Uloom Deoband . <ref name="aj">{{Cite web |title=Bioprofile of 15th Lok Sabha members, India |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102003242/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |archive-date=2 November 2016 |access-date=30 June 2012}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dan wanda ya kafa Ajmal Perfumes, ya kafa All India United Democratic Front (AIUDF) a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma: In this Assam election, Bangladeshi immigrants want their own CM too |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-in-this-assam-election-bangladeshi-immigrants-want-their-own-cm-too/}}</ref> Shi ne kuma shugaban Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind na Jihar [[Assam]] . <ref name="aj">{{Cite web |title=Bioprofile of 15th Lok Sabha members, India |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102003242/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |archive-date=2 November 2016 |access-date=30 June 2012}}</ref> Ya kasance dan majalisa sau uku daga mazabar [[Dhubri]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phase 3 polls in Assam: Ajmal leads list of wealthy candidates |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/phase-3-polls-in-assam-ajmal-leads-list-of-wealthy-candidates/articleshow/109849550.cms}}</ref> An lissafa shi a kai a kai a cikin "Musulmai 500 mafi tasiri" na duniya. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Agha |first1=Eram |date=18 October 2020 |title=Number of Students Clearing NEET Exam After Coaching From Ajmal Foundation's Increases from 11 to 80 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/number-of-students-clearing-neet-exam-after-coaching-from-ajmal-foundations-increases-from-11-to-80-2977391.html |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=News18 |publisher=[[CNN-News18]] |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne manajan amintaccen Haji Abdul Majid Memorial (HAMM) Public Trust, Hojai . Wannan amincewa an fi sani da Asibitin sadaka na Haji Abdul Majid Memorial Hospital da Cibiyar Bincike <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma: In this Assam election, Bangladeshi immigrants want their own CM too |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-in-this-assam-election-bangladeshi-immigrants-want-their-own-cm-too/}}</ref> a Hojai, Assam. Ya kuma kafa asibiti a Malua kusa da Badarpur na Karimganj, mai suna asibitin Badarpur. A shekara ta 2005, ya kafa Gidauniyar Ajmal, kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke Assam, Indiya, kuma tana aiki da cibiyoyin ilimi 25 a fadin jihar. Tun daga shekara ta 1995, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Shaikhul Hind Academy, sashen Darul Uloom Deoband . <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakravarty |first1=Ipsita |last2=Saikia |first2=Arunabh |date=18 April 2019 |title='Minority communalism is costly': A polarising debate on citizenship makes Assam's Muslims cautious |url=https://scroll.in/article/920335/minority-communalism-is-costly-a-polarising-debate-on-citizenship-makes-assams-muslims-cautious |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=Scroll |publisher=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ya kasance shugaban kwamitin karɓar bakuncin zaman Hojai na Assam Sahitya Sabha, 2004 da Darul Hadith, Jayanagar Madrassa . <ref name="aj">{{Cite web |title=Bioprofile of 15th Lok Sabha members, India |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102003242/http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Biography.aspx?mpsno=4436 |archive-date=2 November 2016 |access-date=30 June 2012}}</ref> Assam Ajmal ta fara siyasa ne a shekara ta 2005 bayan Kotun Koli ta kaddamar da Dokar Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba (Determination by Tribunal). Ajmal ya kafa Assam United Democratic Front, wanda aka sake masa suna All-India United Democratic Front a cikin 2013. Kafin zaben majalisar dokokin Assam na shekara ta 2006, Ajmal ba ta da ma'ana a siyasa. A lokacin zaben 2006 duk da haka, jam'iyyarsa ta sami nasarar lashe kujeru 10 da ke fada da Majalisa. An zabe shi a lokaci guda daga mazabu biyu - Kudancin Salmara da Jamunamukh - da babban gefen kuri'u. A cikin zaben Lok Sabha na 2009, Ajmal ta lashe daga mazabar Dhubri . A cikin [[Assam]]_Legislative_Assembly_election" id="mwiQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election">Zaben Majalisar na 2011, AIUDF ta lashe kujeru 18 kuma ta fito a matsayin babbar jam'iyyar adawa a Assam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma: In this Assam election, Bangladeshi immigrants want their own CM too |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-in-this-assam-election-bangladeshi-immigrants-want-their-own-cm-too/}}</ref> A cikin zaben Lok Sabha na 2014, an sake zabar Ajmal daga Dhubri kuma jam'iyyarsa ta lashe kujeru 3 na Lok Sabha. A cikin Zaben majalisa na 2016, duk da haka, BJP ta mamaye zaɓen kuma Ajmal da kansa ya rasa mazabar Salmara ta Kudu. An rage jam'iyyarsa zuwa kujeru 13.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=The 'Ajmal' factor in Assam Assembly polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/the-ajmal-factor-in-assam-assembly-polls-945305.html |access-date=2021-02-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Zaben Lok Sabha na 2019, Ajmal shine kadai dan takara daga jam'iyyarsa don ci gaba da zama, ya sake lashe daga Dhubri. Tare da yara 7, yana da mafi yawan yara ga kowane memba na majalisar a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma: In this Assam election, Bangladeshi immigrants want their own CM too |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-in-this-assam-election-bangladeshi-immigrants-want-their-own-cm-too/}}</ref> A cikin 2020, Ajmal ya sanar da cewa shi da Majalisa za su kasance cikin hadin gwiwa don zaben 2021.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=The 'Ajmal' factor in Assam Assembly polls |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/the-ajmal-factor-in-assam-assembly-polls-945305.html |access-date=2021-02-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == Rikici == Maganganun Ajmal sau da yawa sun haifar da gardama don rarrabe [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] na Bengali. Bayan tashin hankali na Assam na 2012, Ajmal ya yi iƙirarin cewa tashin hankali ya kasance tsakanin Bodos da Musulmai. Wata kungiya ta Musulmi ta Assam, Sadou Asom Gariya - Moria Desi (SAGMJ), tare da All Assam Students Union, sun soki maganganun, saboda yin watsi da cewa Musulmi na Assam ba su da hannu kwata-kwata. A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2021, a wani taro a [[Dhubri]], Ajmal ya yi iƙirarin cewa <nowiki><i id="mwsA">Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata</i></nowiki> (BJP) tana da jerin [[Masallaci|Masallatai]] 3500 da za ta lalata idan ta dawo mulki a Cibiyar kuma "ba za su bari mata su fita suna sanye da 'burqa ba", suna shuka gemu, su sa gashin kai ko ma suna ba da kyauta a masallatai". BJP ta yi iƙirar cewa yana yin "magana ta gari" saboda tsoro tunda BJP "za ta sami mafi yawan kuri'un Musulmi" wannan zaben. Majalisa, wanda Ajmal ke cikin kawance, da kuma jam'iyyar NDA Asom Gana Parishad suma sun yi Allah wadai da maganganun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Himanta Biswa Sarma: In this Assam election, Bangladeshi immigrants want their own CM too |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/himanta-biswa-sarma-in-this-assam-election-bangladeshi-immigrants-want-their-own-cm-too/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 2023, a gaban tsarkakewar Ram Mandir, Ajmal ya ba da shawarar cewa Musulmai ya kamata su zauna a cikin gida kuma su guji tafiya ta jirgin kasa, suna mai nuna tsoron tashin hankali na Musulmi. Giriraj Singh na Jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata ya soki maganganun Ajmal, yana cewa "BJP ba ta ƙin Musulmai ... BJP tana girmama dukkan addinai". A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2025, Ajmal ya nemi gafara saboda maganganun da ya yi game da Geetashri Tamuly, matar MLA Akhil Gogoi. Lokacin da aka tambaye ta game da nadin ta a matsayin memba a kwalejin Guwahati, Ajmal ya ruwaito ya yi watsi da yin sharhi game da ita, yana kiranta "tsohuwar mace, " amma ya kara da cewa zai yi magana idan batun ya shafi "matashiyar mace. " Matasa ta bayyana maganganunsa a matsayin masu nuna bambanci da mata, kuma duka reshen matasa da reshen mata sun gabatar da rahotanni na 'yan sanda. Ajmal ya ba da gafara ta bidiyo, yana mai cewa kafofin watsa labarai sun yi kuskuren fassara kalmominsa kuma yana sake jaddada girmamawarsa ga mata. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nwbonnbu0rp0vh389ptfskcai1p33v4 Faky (kungiyar mawaka) 0 137798 891390 807245 2026-08-04T16:14:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''FAKY'' (wanda aka tsara a matsayin FAKY) kungiya ce ta 'yan mata biyar ta Japan wacce ta '''Ƙarya''' fitowa a shekarar 2013 a karkashin lakabin rikodin Avex na Rhythm Zone . <ref name="dwango">{{Cite web |date=2013-07-19 |title=FAKY |url=http://news.dwango.jp/2013/07/19/1862/news/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814064322/https://news.dwango.jp/2013/07/19/1862/news/ |archive-date=August 14, 2017 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=dwango.jp news |language=Japanese}}</ref> Kungiyar ta wuce sauye-sauye biyu kuma ta rushe a 2024. Ya kunshi Lil 'Fang, Mikako, Hina, Akina, da Taki a ƙarshe.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-09 |title=[INTERVIEW]【FAKY Interview #1】Fighting and Pursuing "Real" as a Team. FAKY's Working Philosophy that Continues to Revamp their Image |url=https://avex.com/jp/en/contents/faky-interview-1/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=[[Avex Inc.|avex.com]] |language=en}}</ref> An samo sunan kungiyar ne daga kalmar "ƙaryaci" don kalubalanci kansu don kawo wani abu "na gaskiya" ga yanayin kiɗa na Japan. Sunan su kuma yana tsaye ne don "Five Ass Kicking Youngsters" da "FAntastic toKYo".<ref name="mv1">{{Cite web |last=[[Avex Inc.|avex]] |date=2013-07-29 |title=FAKY / Better Without You |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAYU1guQvuU |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Kungiyar ta bayyana kansu a matsayin "Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Ƙasa" kuma tana ɗaukar wahayi na kiɗa daga waje da Japan yayin da suke haɗa al'adun Japan da kayan ado.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="memberinfo">{{Cite web |title=FAKY Official Website - Profile |url=http://faky.jp/index.php#js_profile |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=faky.jp |language=Japanese}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara bayyana sunan kungiyar da ra'ayi a shafin yanar gizo a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2013, kafin a bayyana asalin mambobin, Anna (Sawai) , Diane, Tina, Mikako, da Lil'Fang, <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKvsup7rBkQ J-Pop Sensation FAKY Talks Little Mix and New Music]. </ref> a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Yuli. An saki bidiyon kiɗan su na farko "Mafi Kyau Ba tare da Kai ba" a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2013.<ref name="mv1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-07-29 |title=FAKY、EDMナンバーの初PV公開＆a-nation出演決定 |url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/96066 |access-date=13 February 2016 |website=Natalie |publisher= |language=Japanese |archive-date=2019-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503105923/https://natalie.mu/music/news/96066 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yunin 2014, kungiyar ta ba da sanarwar cewa za su kasance a kan hutu. An saki kundi na farko The One ta hanyar iTunes a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2014. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKvsup7rBkQ J-Pop Sensation FAKY Talks Little Mix and New Music]. </ref> In October 2015, the group returned from being on hiatus for more than a year. During this time, Akina joined the group while Diane and Tina left.<ref name="memberinfo"/> On May 11, 2016, the group then released the second EP ''Candy''. A cikin 2016, Faky, duo na kiɗa FEMM, da mawaƙa da marubucin waƙa Yup'in sun kafa supergroup Famm'in kuma sun saki EP mai taken kansa. A ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2017, kungiyar ta fara gabatar da babbar lakabin su tare da EP na uku Unwrapped . A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2018, Sawai ta sanar a Instagram cewa za ta bar kungiyar don neman aikin wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKvsup7rBkQ J-Pop Sensation FAKY Talks Little Mix and New Music]. </ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba a karo na karshe a yawon shakatawa na Faky, ''fo (u) r'', a ranar 20 ga Disamba. A wannan rana, Faky ya sanar da cewa sun kara sabbin mambobi biyu, Hina da Taki, kuma za su ci gaba a matsayin rukuni na mambobi biyar.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKvsup7rBkQ J-Pop Sensation FAKY Talks Little Mix and New Music]. </ref> A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2020, memba Akina ta fara fitowa da kanta tare da "Touch".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKvsup7rBkQ J-Pop Sensation FAKY Talks Little Mix and New Music]. </ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2023, an ba da sanarwar cewa kungiyar za ta dakatar da ayyukansu bayan kide-kide na karshe a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2024 a KT Zepp Yokohama . An kuma bayyana cewa, bayan dakatarwar, membobin Lil 'Fang da Mikako za su tashi daga kungiyar yayin da sauran membobin za su mai da hankali kan ayyukan mutum.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] 3gzwvfmw8r95lmqpomndo130j75x37q Rashin jituwa Rayuwa 0 138017 891605 782589 2026-08-05T07:19:50Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Paradox Live wani aikin hada kafofin watsa labarai ne na [[Japan]] wanda Avex Pictures da GCREST suka kirkira. Aikin yana da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na murya 29 kuma yana mai da hankali kan yaƙe-yaƙe na rap tsakanin kowane bangare. == Takaitaccen Bayani == A nan gaba, a cikin al'adun Hip-Hop wani sabon motsi da ake kira "Phantom Live" ya tashi. Masu rap sun kirkiro mafarkai da ke da alaƙa da motsin zuciyarsu ta amfani da kayan haɗi masu haɗari waɗanda ke ƙunshe da ƙarfe da ake kira "phantometal" tare da DNA na kansu don faranta wa matasa rai a kan wani mataki mai haske. A bayan al'amuran, duk da haka, suna fama da "rashin fahimta" a matsayin sakamako mai illa. Labarin Paradox Live ya biyo bayan kungiyoyi hudu wadanda suka shahara sosai tare da nau'ikan su. BAE, The Cat's Whiskers, cozmez da Akan Yatsura. Za su jagoranci hanyar zuwa sanannen kulob din da ake kira CLUB PARADOX inda taron ban mamaki ke faruwa. Don tabbatar da cewa nasu kiɗa shine lamba 1, suna shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan bala'in da ya haifar da rushewar CLUB PARADOX kuma ya hana yakin karshe tsakanin ƙungiyar da ta ci nasara da sanannen duo Buraikan (武雷管), an sake gina kulob din tare da sabon gasa da za a yi. Sabbin kungiyoyi hudu-VISTY, AMPRULE, 1Nm8, da Goku Luck (Luck獄) - sun shiga zobe tare da simintin yanzu. Tare da nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban, ƙungiyoyin kiɗa suna ƙoƙarin yin yaƙi zuwa saman. == Halin da ake kira == === BAE === BAE abokai ne guda uku waɗanda ke halartar jami'a mai zaman kanta ta duniya. Waƙoƙinsu suna da farin ciki kuma suna amfani da kalmomin Jafananci, Turanci, da Koriya. Akane Aki ne ya tsara haruffa. === Gishiri na Cat === The Cat's Whiskers ƙungiya ce ta mutane huɗu waɗanda waƙoƙinsu suka haɗu da abubuwa na hip hop da jazz. Dukkanin mambobin suna aiki a Bar 4/7, mallakar jagoran kungiyar Naoakira. Kuniharu Komiya ne ya tsara haruffa na The Cat's Whiskers . ; Naoakira Saimon (Shirye-shiryen, Saimon Naoakira) : Voiced by: Ryōta Takeuchi : Naoakira tana da shekaru 34 kuma tana amfani da sunan rapper Kotonoha . Shi farfesa ne na ilimin harshe na jami'a kuma mai mallakar Bar 4/7. Yana da halin kulawa wanda ya kai shi ga ɗaukar Ryu da Shiki. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar hip hop mai nasara Quadra X (wanda aka tsara a matsayin XXXX) tare da Yohei da marigayi matarsa Tsubaki . ; Yohei Kanbayashi (Tunanin [[shinkafa]], Kanbayashi Yōhei) ) : Voiced by: Yū Hayashi<ref name="natalie 2019-12-14" /> : Yohei yana da shekaru 28 kuma yana amfani da sunan rapper God Summer . Ya kasance memba ne na ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da dangin Suiseki kuma yanzu yana aiki a matsayin mai shayarwa a Bar 4/7. Ya san Naoakira da marigayi matarsa shekaru da yawa, kuma yana kula da Ryu da Shiki tare da shi. ; Ryu Natsume (Kyakkyawan ƙira, Natsume Ryū) : Voiced by: Natsuki Hanae<ref name="natalie 2019-12-14" /> : Ryu ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana da shekaru 800 kuma yana amfani da sunan rapper Conpla Daimaō. Mutum ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai shayarwa, kodayake abin sha da ya haɗu da shi ba shi da kyau kuma ba shi da dadi. Abin mamaki, ba ya fama da tasirin phantometal na raunin raunin raɗaɗi. ; Shiki Ando (Kashi na huɗu, Andō Shiki) ) : Voiced by: Junta Terashima<ref name="natalie 2019-12-14" /> : Shiki yana da shekaru 17 kuma yana amfani da sunan rapper MC Nanashi (MC名 touch). Shi dalibi ne a makarantar sakandare kuma yana aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan gidan giya a Bar 4/7. Shiki yana da kirki kuma yana da baiwar kiɗa, duk da haka yana jin kunya kuma ba shi da tabbas. Yana kallon Naoakira da Yohei kuma yana da kyakkyawar aboki tare da Ryu duk da halinsa na musamman. Cozmez (wanda aka tsara a cikin ƙananan kalmomi) duo ne wanda ya kunshi tagwayen Yatonokami Kanata da Nayuta . Waƙoƙinsu galibi waƙoƙin tarko ne, tare da kalmomin su sau da yawa suna juyawa game da wahalar yarantakarsu da rayuwa a cikin ƙauyuka. A cikin 2021, an ayyana Cozmez a matsayin tawagar da ta lashe gasar Paradox Live ta asali. Kinako ne ya tsara haruffa. == Bayanan da aka yi == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- |+Jerin mutane, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, adadi na tallace-tallace da takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="1" scope="col" width="30" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa <br /> ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Opening Show'' | rowspan="9" |2020 |6 | * JPN: 15,424 | rowspan="11" {{N/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Desire"'' |7 | * JPN: 9,242 |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Justice"'' |4| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Pride"'' |11| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Family"'' |10| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Nunin Nuni na Rayuwa na Paradox: Akan Yatsura'' |12| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Nunin Nuni na Rayuwa na Paradox: Cozmez'' |12| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Nuni na Bayyanawa na Rayuwa na Paradox: The Cat's Whiskers'' |12| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Nunin Nuni na Rayuwa na Paradox: BAE'' |12| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Love"'' | rowspan="2" |2021 |14| {{TBA}} |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Stage Battle "Vibes"'' |22| {{TBA}} |- | colspan="5" style="font-size:90%;" |" - " yana nuna sakin da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba a saki su a wannan yankin ba. |- |} === Albums === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- |+Jerin kundin, tare da matsayi na ginshiƙi, adadi na tallace-tallace da takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="1" scope="col" width="30" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa<br /> |- ! scope="col" style="font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live 1st Album "Trap"'' | rowspan="4" |2021 |9 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Album na biyu "Live"'' |15 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Shuffle Team Show Vol.1'' |24 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Shuffle Team Show Vol.2'' |24 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live Opening Show -Hanyar zuwa Legend-'' | rowspan="3" |2022 |10 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live -Hanyar zuwa Legend- Round1 "FATE"'' |23 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live -Hanyar zuwa Legend- Round1 "RAGE"'' |12 | |- ! scope="row" |''Paradox Live -Hanyar zuwa Legend- Wasan ta'aziyya "Showdown"'' |2023| {{TBA}} | |- | colspan="5" style="font-size:90%;" |" - " yana nuna sakin da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba a saki su a wannan yankin ba. |} A ƙarshen wasan kwaikwayo na Paradox Live na 2nd dope live, an sanar da cewa aikin zai karɓi jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na anime mai taken ParadoxLive: The Animation . Pine Jam ne ya samar da shi kuma Naoya Ando ne ya ba da umarni, tare da rubutun da Takayo Ikami ya rubuta, ƙirar halayen da Koji Haneda ya sarrafa, da kiɗa da Taku Iwasaki ya kirkiro.<ref>{{cite news |title=【最終結果発表】STAGE BATTLE "Paradox Live" -パラライ- |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1MCG26mh4A |publisher=Paradox Live 公式チャンネル |language=ja |format=Video}}</ref> Masu jefa kuri'a za su sake taka rawarsu a cikin jerin.<ref name="Cast">{{Cite web |last=Hazra |first=Adriana |date=March 24, 2023 |title=Paradox Live The Animation Reveals October Premiere, Confirms Cast |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2023-03-24/paradox-live-the-animation-reveals-october-premiere-confirms-cast/.196336 |access-date=March 24, 2023 |website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> An fara jerin ne a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2023, a kan [[Tokyo]] MX da sauran cibiyoyin sadarwa.<ref>{{cite news |title=【最終結果発表】STAGE BATTLE "Paradox Live" -パラライ- |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1MCG26mh4A |publisher=Paradox Live 公式チャンネル |language=ja |format=Video}}</ref> Waƙar buɗewa ita ce "Rise Up" ta ƙungiyoyin BAE, The Cat's Whiskers, Cozmez, da Akan Yatsura, yayin da waƙar ƙarshe ita ce "Kowace Rana Kowace Dare" ta ƙungiyar Buraikan . <ref>Peak chart positions on the [[Oricon]] Weekly Singles Chart: </ref> Crunchyroll ya ba da lasisi ga jerin a waje da Asiya.<ref>{{cite news |title=【最終結果発表】STAGE BATTLE "Paradox Live" -パラライ- |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1MCG26mh4A |publisher=Paradox Live 公式チャンネル |language=ja |format=Video}}</ref> Plus Media Networks Asia ta ba da lasisi ga jerin a kudu maso gabashin Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=【𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗖𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧】 |url=https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid02RhjSLEseLbhFw3i2uuLVxtzCsxRLwUi32WzVwW2qdB2eo4aUNUQzSoaQiJgi8hA6l&id=100064358092699&mibextid=Nif5oz |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Aniplus Asia Facebook page}}</ref> yayin da Deep ya ba da lasisi ga Rasha. Rasha ita ce kadai kasar da ta yi cikakken fassarar jerin tare da duk waƙoƙin da ake kira. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jflm16dzc6txatzsr2kj2mpu7bib06q Heiden Bedwell-Curtis 0 138207 891639 782981 2026-08-05T09:50:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Heiden Kahira Bedwell-Curtis''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1991) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na New Zealand . Ya taka leda a matsayin flanker na Mitsubishi Sagamihara DynaBoars a cikin Japan Top League . Yana da kwarewar kasa da kasa tare da kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta New Zealand.<ref name="First beat Clifton, then the world">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2011 |title=First beat Clifton, then the world |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/sport/5035351/First-beat-Clifton-then-the-world |access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Taranaki === Bedwell-Curtis ya buga wasanni 2 ga Taranaki a shekarar 2012, yana buga wasanni biyu na farko na Ranfurly Shield a wannan kakar da King Country da Wanganui. An yi kwangila kuma ya sanya tawagar Taranaki NPC, amma ya karya ƙashin kansa yana wasa don ɓangaren ci gaba wanda duk ya fitar da shi don ƙarin bayyanar. Rashin tabbas game da ko za a ba shi wani kwangila tare da Taranaki ya sa Bedwell-Curtis ya tafi Manawatu kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda.<ref name="Bedwell-Curtis opts for the Turbos">{{Cite web |date=11 April 2013 |title=Bedwell-Curtis opts for the Turbos |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/sport/8537346/Bedwell-Curtis-opts-for-the-Turbos |access-date=11 April 2013}}</ref> === Manawatu === A kakar wasa ta farko a Manawatu, Bedwell-Curtis ya fara aikin makanta na Turbos. Ya yi murabus don kakar Mitre 10 ta 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Crusaders loose forward Heiden Bedwell-Curtis uncertain if he'll return |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Stuff |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091129/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Guguwa === Bedwell-Curtis ya kasance a ciki da waje daga cikin Hurricanes Wider Training Group, amma ba a kira shi zuwa babban bangare ba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Crusaders loose forward Heiden Bedwell-Curtis uncertain if he'll return |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Stuff |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091129/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Crusaders loose forward Heiden Bedwell-Curtis uncertain if he'll return |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Stuff |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091129/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Masu yaƙi === An kira Bedwell-Curtis zuwa tawagar Crusaders Super Rugby a shekarar 2017 kuma ya buga wasanni 7 a kakar wasa ta farko. Bayan an Zaki shi a ƙarshen kakar 2017 an tuno da shi a shekara mai zuwa bayan ƙarin damuwa game da rauni a cikin tawagar.[undefined] Bedwell-Curtis ya kara da cewa ya buga wasansa wanda ya hada da farawa a wasan karshe na Super Rugby na 2018 a kan Lions.[1] == Rayuwar Sirri == Bedwell-Curtis dan New Zealand ne na Zuriyar Māori (zuriyar Ngāpuhi). <ref>{{Cite news |title=Crusaders loose forward Heiden Bedwell-Curtis uncertain if he'll return |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |access-date=15 August 2018 |work=Stuff |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091129/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/106055778/crusaders-loose-forward-heiden-bedwellcurtis-uncertain-if-hell-return |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p99yxq599yl2ftczy81zcmrrxyp4lrj Gidan kayan wasa na Stockholm 0 138260 891543 884861 2026-08-05T00:10:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Leksaksmuseet,_Stockholm.jpg|right|thumb|303x303px|Ƙofar ciki zuwa Leksaksmuseet]] '''Gidan kayan gargajiya na Toy''' (Yaren Swedish ) wani gidan kayan tarihi ne na kayan wasan yara wanda ke (tun 2005) a Spårvägsmuseet a Södermalm, Stockholm. Asalinsa yana cikin Mariatorget, inda aka fara buɗe shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1980. Wani abin jan hankali mai ban sha'awa shine tarin ƙirar layin dogo na Ƙungiyar Railways (Järnvägssällskapet). An mayar da hankali kan "ƙarni na 20, tare da mai da hankali kan kayan wasan fasaha". Yanzu Leksaksmuseet yana cikin Nacka a Saltsjö-Pir a cikin sabon wuri. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ Yanar Gizon Leksaksmuseet na hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251227163704/https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ |date=2025-12-27 }} bp721czt6jr281tysqybmeu06t6pj67 Mine na Westray 0 138265 891593 817270 2026-08-05T07:03:55Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'adinan Westray''' wani ma'adinan kwal ne na ƙasar Kanada a Plymouth, Nova Scotia . Kamfanin Curragh Resources Incorporated (Curragh Inc.) ne ya mallaki kuma yake sarrafa Westray, wanda ya sami kuɗin gwamnatin larduna da ta tarayya don buɗe ma'adinan, da kuma samar wa kamfanin wutar lantarki na gida kwal. An buɗe ma'adinan a watan Satumba na shekarar 1991, amma an rufe shi bayan watanni takwas lokacin da aka samu fashewar methane a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1992, wanda ya kashe dukkan ma'aikatan [[hakar ma'adinai]] 26 da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a lokacin. Kafafen watsa labarai na ƙasa sun yi ta bin diddigin yunƙurin ceto ma'aikatan har sai da aka ga babu wanda ya tsira. Bayan kimanin mako guda, gwamnatin Nova Scotia ta ba da umarnin gudanar da bincike na jama'a don bincika abin da ya haifar da ɗaya daga cikin bala'o'in hakar ma'adinai mafi muni a Kanada, kuma ta buga sakamakon bincikenta a ƙarshen 1997. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa an yi amfani da ma'adinan ba daidai ba, an yi watsi da tsaron ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai, kuma rashin kulawa da hukumomin gwamnati suka yi ya haifar da bala'in. An shigar da ƙarar laifuka kan manajojin ma'adinai biyu a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, amma daga ƙarshe gwamnatin ta janye a 1998, saboda da alama ba za a iya yanke musu hukunci ba. Curragh Resources ta fatara a 1993, wani ɓangare saboda bala'in. Ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai 17 sun rasa aikin yi kusan nan da nan bayan fashewar; an biya su albashin makonni 12 na sallamar ma'adinan shekaru shida bayan rufe ma'adinan, amma sai lokacin da aka matsa wa gwamnatin lardin ta shiga tsakani. An wargaza ma'adinan kuma aka rufe shi har abada a watan Nuwamba 1998. == Bayani == Bayan rufe ma'adinan da aka yi a shekarun 1970, an sake farfaɗo da burin gundumar Pictou na sake farfaɗo da ma'adinan tare da sanarwar shirin haƙar ma'adinai a yankin a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Lokacin ya yi daidai, a siyasance, tun lokacin da yankin ya zaɓi sabon shugaban 'yan adawa na tarayya, [[Brian Mulroney]], a zaɓen maye gurbin da aka yi a tsakiyar Nova a shekarar 1983. Bayan zaɓen gwamnati da jam'iyyar Conservative ta tarayya ta jagoranta, Elmer MacKay ya zama babban jigo a siyasance na Tory . A lardin, yankin kuma gidan Firai Ministan Conservative Donald Cameron ne . <ref name="Star 19920511 Safety Concerns" /> An bai wa kamfanin Curragh Resources na [[Toronto]] kuɗi don kafa ma'adinan. <ref name="Star 19920511 TO Company High Hopes" /> [[Fayil:CNWestrayCoalHoppers.png|thumb|Jiragen ruwa guda huɗu na CN Westray Coal Hoppers suna tafiya yamma ta hanyar Winnipeg, MB.]] A {{Convert|0.75|mi|km}}an gina layin dogo mai nisan daga babban layin dogo na CN Railway da ke Stellarton wanda ya ratsa Kogin Gabas na Pictou zuwa wurin hakar ma'adinai a Plymouth. Za a tura kwal daga ma'adinan ta hanyar jiragen ƙasa na musamman don ciyar da Tashar Samar da Wutar Lantarki ta Trenton da ke kusa da ita wanda Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Nova Scotia ke gudanarwa, wanda kamfanin Crown ne na lardin a lokacin; za a gina ainihin motocin layin dogo a tashar motocin layin dogo ta TrentonWorks da ke kusa wadda ke fama da rashin samun oda. Daga baya, an gina motocin 37, CN 347000–347036, ta National Steel Car a Hamilton, Ontario, a watan Nuwamba da Disamba 1991. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Detail frame of a Westray Coal 4-bay built by NSC Hamilton, ON 11/1991 |url=http://decompoza.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=4912864}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2ex7pz3asn3bf6wou181fg3q6d185h6 Evelyn Nguleka 0 139191 891385 826720 2026-08-04T15:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evelyn Nguleka''' (1970 - 5 ga Fabrairu, 2017) ta kasance Likitan dabbobi, [[Manoma|manomi]], kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Duniya daga tsakiyar 2015 zuwa tsakiyar 2016. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Evelyn Nguleka a shekara ta 1970 a [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Evelyn Nguleka shattered the agricultural ceiling |url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/evelyn-nguleka-shattered-the-agricultural-ceiling/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517100303/https://www.daily-mail.co.zm/evelyn-nguleka-shattered-the-agricultural-ceiling/ |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Zambia Daily Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Kakarta ce ta yi renonta a [[Ndola]], Nguleka ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Fatima Girls . <ref name=":0"/> Ta sami digiri a fannin kiwon dabbobi daga [[Jami'ar Lusaka]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Ms. Evelyn Nguleka {{!}} Department of Economic and Social Affairs |url=https://sdgs.un.org/panelists/ms-evelyn-nguleka-29491 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=United Nations}}</ref> Ta yi karatun kimiyyar dabbobi a [[Jami'ar Zambia]], kuma ta sami difloma ta kasa da kasa a cikin kula da kaji daga kwalejin Barneveld a Netherlands.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Nguleka |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/evelyn-nguleka/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Nguleka karamin manomi ne wanda ya kware a cikin kaji da [[Akwiya|awaki]], da kuma magance cututtuka a cikin waɗannan dabbobi.<ref name=":2"/> Ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar kungiyar manoma ta Zambia (ZNFU) a lokacin da aka zabe ta a shekarar 2013. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2017-02-05 |title=Ex Zambia National Farmers Union boss Evelyn Nguleka dies |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/02/05/ex-zambia-national-farmers-union-boss-evelyn-nguleka-dies/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Lusaka Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta goyi bayan haƙƙin ƙananan manoma kuma sau da yawa ta haifar da rashin daidaituwa game da yadda ake bi da manoma na amfanin gona daban-daban da girman gona a matsayin rukuni mai kama da juna. Bayan zaben da ta yi a matsayin shugabancin Ƙungiyar Manoma ta Duniya (WFO) a shekarar 2015, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-10-16 |title=Zambia president says to protect consumers as maize meal prices jump |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/zambia-prices-idINL8N12G0PX20151016 |access-date=2023-02-20 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> bayan an nada ta a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban kasa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2014 |title=World Farmers' Organisation has a new president |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20141016/282196534203969 |access-date=22 June 2024 |publisher=Daily Trust |via=PressReader.com}}</ref> ta ce: "An dauki nauyin manomi na dogon lokaci, kusan kamar muna sayar da injuna don abinci, an kira su don amsa wannan rawar, wadanda suka gudanar da farin ciki aikin ciyar da duniya ta hanyar tilastawa da lalatawa, ba tare da riba ba.<ref name="af2016">{{Cite web |date=13 October 2016 |title=New leader for World Farmers' Organisation |url=https://www.africanfarming.com/news/new-leader-world-farmers-organisation/ |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=African Farming }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Yayinda take aiki a matsayin shugabar WFO, ta kuma yi aiki a Switzerland.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Jäger |first=Hansjürg |date=February 6, 2017 |title=Frühere WFO-Präsidentin Evelyn Nguleka ist tot |url=https://www.bauernzeitung.ch/artikel/landwirtschaft/fruehere-wfo-praesidentin-evelyn-nguleka-ist-tot-373845 |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Bauernzeitung |language=de-CH |archive-date=2023-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129115718/https://www.bauernzeitung.ch/artikel/landwirtschaft/fruehere-wfo-praesidentin-evelyn-nguleka-ist-tot-373845 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Yin murabus == A watan Satumbar 2016, ta yi murabus daga duka WFO da ZNFU, bayan da Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Zambiya ta tuhume ta kuma ta kama ta tare da babban darektan ZNFU Ndambo Ndambo saboda cin hanci da rashawa. Wannan ya faru ne bayan ofisoshin jakadancin Finland da Sweden sun ba da umarnin Bincike kamfanonin Finnish da Swedish waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da ZNFU bayan da ake zargi da rashin kula da gudummawa. == Mutuwa == Ta mutu daga rashin lafiya a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 2017 a [[Lusaka]] . <ref name=":3"/> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] f6kn27yf0ow4wkejtqwyape8of9nz5q Eliane Ubalijoro 0 139217 891328 790707 2026-08-04T12:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Eliane Ubalijoro masanin kimiyya ce kuma mai zartarwa ta Rwanda-Kanada . Ta ƙware a Ci gaba mai ɗorewa da Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na duniya.[1] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife ta ne a [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] a shekara ta 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Ming Chun |date=2023-08-02 |title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa" |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta sami PHD a cikin Molecular Genetics daga [[Jami'ar McGill]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eliane Ubalijoro - CIFOR-ICRAF Chief Executive Officer and ICRAF Director General (DG) |url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/research-staff/G609-467-817-467-325/Eliane%20Ubalijoro/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=CIFOR-ICRAF |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tana da asali a fannin [[Noma|Aikin noma]] da Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar halitta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Éliane Ubalijoro {{!}} CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform |url=https://gender.cgiar.org/experts/eliane-ubalijoro |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=CGIAR Gender Platform |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ubalijoro yana aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka ta Duniya da Agroforestry na Duniya (CIFOR-ICRAF), yana magance kalubalen muhalli, tsaron abinci a duk duniya da juriyar yanayi. <ref name=":0"/> Ubalijoro ita ce mace ta farko ta [[Afirka]] Darakta na Cibiyar Bincike ta CGIAR . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Ming Chun |date=2023-08-02 |title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa" |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance Babban Darakta na Ci gaba a cikin Digital Age da kuma Darakta Cibiyar Kanada don Duniya ta gaba daga 2021 zuwa Maris 2023. A cikin wani kamfani na biotechnology na Montreal, ta kasance darektan kimiyya. Ubalijoro ya kuma gudanar da wasu ayyukan shawarwari a [[Haiti]] da Afirka dangane da ci gaban tattalin arziki mai dorewa.<ref name=":1"/> Har ila yau mai ba da shawara ga The Innovation Partnership (TIP). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=DR ELIANE UBALIJORO |url=https://www.ducerefoundation.org/ducere-glf-member/dr-eliane-ubalijoro |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=Ducere Foundation |language=en-AU |archive-date=2025-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822235838/https://www.ducerefoundation.org/ducere-glf-member/dr-eliane-ubalijoro |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eliane Ubalijoro ta kasance Farfesa a fannin aiki don haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaban Duniya ta [[Jami'ar McGill]] tun shekara ta 2008. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Eliane Ubalijoro {{!}} Future Earth |url=https://futureearth.org/contacts/eliane-ubalijoro/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana aiki a Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health Phase 2 project a matsayin Project Manager. Ta kasance a baya Mataimakin Farfesa a Kwalejin Aikin Gona da Kimiyya ta Muhalli a McGill . <ref name=":3"/> A watan Satumbar 2019 ta shiga Global Open Data in Agriculture (GODAN) inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Ming Chun |date=2023-08-02 |title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa" |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> === Shahararrun membobin === * Global Alliance for a Sustainable Planet (memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na tasiri) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Ming Chun |date=2023-08-02 |title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa" |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> * Majalisar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kasa ta Rwanda (memba) <ref name=":1"/> * Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shugaban Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] (memba tun 2007) * Kungiyar Bincike ta Kwararru kan Sakamakon COVID-19 don Binciken Genomics (memba) * Kwararren Kwararren Al'ummar Duniya na Bankin Raya Afirka kan Shirye-shiryen Amsa na COVID-19 (memba) * Kwamitin Kula da hadin gwiwar Capitals (memba) * Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Shirin Jagorancin Duniya (memba) * Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na ShEquity da Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Orango (memba) * Kwamitin Genome Canada da Crop Trust (memba) <ref name=":2"/> * FemStep (memba) <ref name=":3"/> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == Ita ce Babban Darakta kuma Wanda ta kafa C.L.E.A.R International Development Inc., <ref name=":3"/> == Sanarwa == Ta sami lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Jagoranci ta Duniya ta 2022 don kyakkyawan aiki a cikin mata da jagoranci. An kuma nada ta a matsayin abokiyar Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya don girmama gudummawar da ta bayar don inganta kimiyya a matsayin amfanin jama'a na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tang |first=Ming Chun |date=2023-08-02 |title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa" |url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=#ThinkLandscape |language=en-US}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * {{Cite journal |last=Dufresne |first=Philippe J |last2=Ubalijoro |first2=Eliane |last3=Fortin |first3=Marc G |last4=Laliberte |first4=Jean-François |date=1 September 2008 |title=Arabidopsis thaliana class II poly (A)-binding proteins are required for efficient multiplication of turnip mosaic virus |journal=[[Journal of General Virology]] |volume=89 |issue=9 |pages=2339–2348 |doi=10.1099/vir.0.2008/002139-0 |pmid=18753244}} * {{Cite journal |last=Dufresne |first=Philippe J. |last2=Thivierge |first2=Karine |last3=Cotton |first3=Sophie |last4=Beauchmin |first4=Chantal |last5=Ide |first5=Christine |last6=Ubalijoro |first6=Eliane |last7=Laliberté |first7=Jean-François |last8=Fortin |first8=Marc G. |date=25 April 2008 |title=Heat shock 70 protein interaction with Turnip mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase within virus-induced membrane vesicles |journal=Virology |volume=374 |issue=1 |pages=217–227 |doi=10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.014 |pmid=18222516}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9qmx7i5j2fb3nahlfjkrzkke24p0d88 Bioko drill 0 139356 891596 825903 2026-08-05T07:05:20Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bioko drill''' wacce aka sani a Yaren yammacin ('''''Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis''''') wani nau'i ne na drill, biri na Tsohon Duniya. Yana da iyaka a yankin dake Tsibirin Bioko, [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]], <ref name=":0"/> wanda ke kusa da gabar yammacin [[Afirka]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ragan Davi |first=Christine |date=August 2017 |title=Drill MANDRILLUS LEUCOPHAEUS |url=https://www.neprimateconservancy.org/drill.html |website=New England Primate Conservatory |access-date=2026-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120231338/https://www.neprimateconservancy.org/drill.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jirgin yana daya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan birai, kuma an dauke shi cikin haɗari.<ref name=":1" /> An raba burin Bioko daga takwaransa na ƙasa, saboda hauhawar matakin teku bayan ƙarshen zamanin kankara na ƙarshe, kusan shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata.<ref name=":0" /> Babban birnin Equatorial Guinea, [[Malabo]], <ref name=":0" /> yana kan tsibirin Bioko . Kasuwar Malabo ita ce babbar hanyar siyar da nama a tsibirin Bioko . <ref name=":2"/> Jirgin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a al'adun al'adun cin nama, kuma ana ɗaukarsa mai ɗanɗano, kuma a wasu yankuna, kayan abinci ne.<ref name=":3"/> Kasuwancin farauta a tsibirin Bioko ya sa wannan aikin ba zai yiwu ba.<ref name=":2" /> An haramta farautar Bioko a mafi yawan yankuna na Tsibirin Bioko, saboda galibi suna zaune a wuraren da aka kiyaye a tsibirin. Koyaya, an ɗauki haramcin ba shi da tasiri; farauta ta kasance babbar barazana ga yawan mutanen da ke cikin hakowa. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":4"/> == Bayyanawa == Jirgin Bioko yana da irin wannan kamannin da ya dace da na ƙasar, tare da rigar kore-launin da fararen gashi a ƙarƙashin ciki.<ref name=":1"/> An rarrabe shi da kambi mai launin rawaya na gashi tare da baƙar fata wanda ke layi a fuskar drill, yayin da drills na ƙasa suna da kambi wanda galibi fari ne.<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan motsa jiki suna da matukar jima'i tare da maza da yawa, suna da nauyin kilo 20 a matsakaici a lokacin da suka girma, yayin da mata yawanci suna kaiwa 8.5 kg.<ref name=":4"/> Koyaya tsawon babba cikakke, ban da wutsiya, yayi kama da juna tsakanin maza da mata, tare da maza da ke kaiwa matsakaicin 67 cm da mata da matsakaicin 54 cm.<ref name=":4" /> Maza suna da fuska mai baƙar fata mai haske tare da siffofi masu kaifi, da kuma murfin baki mai tsawo.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Morell |first=Virginia |date=2008 |title=Island Ark: a threatened African treasure |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2008/08/island-ark-west-africa-bioko-island-animals/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612090547/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2008/08/island-ark-west-africa-bioko-island-animals/ |archive-date=June 12, 2020 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ana ci gaba da rarrabe su da gashi mai launin shudi, shudi da ja a kan gashin su da fararen gashi a kan gemu.<ref name=":5" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Halin da ake ciki == A yankunan da ke ƙasa, an san drills na Bioko don yin tarayya a yankunan da aka sani suna da tushen abinci don cin abinci tare, suna komawa wuraren da aka fi so.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Cronin |first=Drew T. |last2=Riaco |first2=Cirilo |last3=Linder |first3=Joshua M. |last4=Bergl |first4=Richard A. |last5=Gonder |first5=Mary Katherine |last6=O'Connor |first6=Michael P. |last7=Hearn |first7=Gail W. |date=2016-05-01 |title=Impact of gun-hunting on monkey species and implications for primate conservation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716300787 |journal=Biological Conservation |language=en |volume=197 |pages=180–189 |bibcode=2016BCons.197..180C |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2016.03.001 |issn=0006-3207 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Dabbobi ne masu yawan jama'a waɗanda ke zaune a cikin rukuni na kusan 20, ko ma har zuwa mutane 30, galibi sun haɗa da manya da matasa mata. <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/> Har ila yau suna da murya sosai kuma suna da sauƙin bin diddigin ta hanyar kiran su. <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7"/> Har ila yau, za a iya amsawa ga damuwa daga duikers.<ref name=":3" /> Yayinda suke ciyar da mafi yawan lokutan su a cikin gandun daji da rana, suna yawan barci a cikin bishiyoyi.<ref name=":5" /> === Halin neman abinci === Bioko drill shine ainihin biri na ƙasa, kuma zai nemi abinci a cikin rukuni na sa'o'i da yawa a rana a kan gandun daji, <ref name=":7"/> kodayake za su hau itatuwa da sauri lokacin da karnuka masu farauta suka yi barazana. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Butyinski |first=Thomas |last2=Koster |first2=Stanley |date=1994 |title=Distribution and conservation status of primates in Bioko island, Equatorial Guinea |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=893–909 |bibcode=1994BiCon...3..893B |doi=10.1007/BF00129665 |s2cid=9467185}}</ref> An kuma lura da su don shiga cikin halayyar ciyarwa mai basira, kamar karya millipedes a rabi don tsotse ciki, cire tsokoki don cinye mafi kyawun ciki, da neman tsokoki ga tsutsotsi.<ref name=":7" /> An kuma san drill ɗin Bioko a matsayin mai watsa iri na farko, yana ba da gudummawa ga watsa bishiyoyi ta hanyar amfani da tsaba da 'ya'yan itace.<ref name=":6"/> Tasirin su ya faru ne saboda yanayin ƙasarsu, yayin da suke cinye 'ya'yan itace da suka fi girma, sabili da haka sun fi girma, wanda aka warwatsa tsaba tare da al'amarin su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Astaras |first=Christos |last2=Waltert |first2=M. |date=2010 |title=What does seed handling by the drill tell us about the ecological services of terrestrial cercopithecines in African forests?: Terrestrial forest primates' role in forest dynamics |journal=Animal Conservation |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=568–578 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00378.x |s2cid=82430448}}</ref> An yi amfani da farautar Bioko drill tare da asarar itatuwan katako da tsiro.<ref name=":6" /> Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya ga motsa jiki yana motsawa daga cin 'ya'yan itace zuwa cinye kayan [[ganye]] saboda matsin farauta.<ref name=":6" /> Wannan ya haifar da motsa jiki don neman abinci na dogon lokaci kuma yanzu suna neman abinci na tsawon lokaci fiye da kowane dabba a tsibirin.<ref name=":6" /> == Muhalli == [[Fayil:Bioko.png|thumb|Taswirar Tsibirin Bioko, wanda ke riƙe da nau'ikan; drill na Bioko. Gudun yana rayuwa da farko a sassan kudancin tsibirin saboda gandun daji mai yawa wanda ke rage matsin farauta, duk da haka ci gaban ababen more rayuwa yana barazana ga wannan.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Cronin |first=Drew T. |last2=Woloszynek |first2=Stephen |last3=Morra |first3=Wayne A. |last4=Honarvar |first4=Shaya |last5=Linder |first5=Joshua M. |last6=Gonder |first6=Mary Katherine |last7=O'Connor |first7=Michael P. |last8=Hearn |first8=Gail W. |date=2015-07-31 |editor-last=Moreira |editor-first=Francisco |title=Long-Term Urban Market Dynamics Reveal Increased Bushmeat Carcass Volume despite Economic Growth and Proactive Environmental Legislation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=7 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1034464C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0134464 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4521855 |pmid=26230504 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] === Yankin da mazaunin === Yawancin lokaci ana rarraba halittun da ke Tsibirin Bioko zuwa nau'i uku; dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi a ƙananan yankuna, dazuzzukan tsaunuka, wanda ake kwatantawa da zafi mai yawa, ƙarancin zafin jiki, kuma ferns na bishiyoyi ke mamaye su, da dazuzzukan mossy a tsaunuka mafi tsayi. Yayin da aikin haƙar Bioko zai fi zama a cikin dazuzzukan ƙananan yankuna, waɗanda ke kula da manyan ƙungiyoyi a waɗannan yankuna, an gano cewa yawan jama'a suna zaune a wurare har zuwa mita 2,000 sama da matakin teku a cikin ciyayi da wuraren da ke da yawan tsiro a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Yawan jama'ar ƙananan yankuna galibi suna da bambancin ra'ayi, wataƙila saboda bambancin ciyayi, tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fi yawa a ƙananan wurare kuma mafi tsayi suna da amfani ga hanyoyin samar da abinci mai gina jiki kamar ganye da ferns.. <ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Owens |first=Jacob R. |last2=Honarvar |first2=Shaya |last3=Nessel |first3=Mark |last4=Hearn |first4=Gail W. |date=2015 |title=From frugivore to folivore: Altitudinal variations in the diet and feeding ecology of the Bioko Island drill ( Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis ): Variations in the Diet of the Bioko Island Drill |journal=American Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=77 |issue=12 |pages=1263–1275 |doi=10.1002/ajp.22479 |pmid=26375479 |s2cid=40650260}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai mafi yawan jama'a da aka kai kudu da gabashin tsibirin, saboda rashin kayan aikin hanya, da farauta daga motsa jiki a sassan arewacin Bioko.<ref name=":0"/> Rashin isa ga waɗannan yankuna ga mafarauta yana ba da damar motsa jiki don isa ga yawan jama'a ba tare da matsin farauta ba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Koyaya, akwai saurin hanya da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa wanda zai iya sanya waɗannan al'ummomin cikin ƙarin haɗari.<ref name=":2" /> Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan hanyar tana gudana ta hanyar Gran Caldera Southern Highlands Reserve, wani yanki mai kariya a kudancin tsibirin Bioko, inda yawan mutanen da ke cikin drill ya fi yawa.<ref name=":2" /> Wannan kuma yana haifar da matsala ga kewayon mazaunin Bioko drill kamar yadda yawan jama'arsu ya fi ƙasa a kusa da hanyoyi.<ref name=":0" /> === Abinci === Abinci na Bioko drill ya dogara da wurin da suke a tsibirin, tare da lowland drills da farko cin abinci mai cin ganyayyaki, kama da mainland drill, yayin da drills da ke zaune a mafi tsaunuka sun fi dacewa da ciyar da kayan ganye kamar pith, ganye da fungi, kodayake waɗannan ba su da abinci mai gina jiki.<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":6"/> Wadannan motsa jiki mafi girma suna cinye abubuwa da yawa, gami da ƙuƙwalwa, tsutsa, furanni, tsaba, ganye, da tushen [[shuka]], maimakon kawai 'ya'yan itace.<ref name=":7" /> Har ila yau, suna iya yin amfani da kwakwa don cinye su.<ref name=":3"/> Abincin da ake ci na iya kunshe da itace da ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda na ƙarshe yana da wuya a cikin dabba.<ref name=":7" /> Bioko drills kuma an san su da cinye dabbobi, gami da mafi yawanci; beetles, land crabs da sauran crustaceans, millipedes da hymenopterans, aji wanda ya haɗa da tururuwa, kwari, wasps, <ref name=":7" /> da kuma giant snail na Afirka. <ref name=":3" /> A wani misali, an gano ragowar doki da kwari a cikin al'amarin da ke cikin hako, <ref name=":7" /> kuma an kuma lura da su don neman kwai na tururuwa a kan rairayin bakin teku. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, amsar da aka yi wa kiran gaggawa na duikers na iya nuna shirye-shiryen su na cinye su.<ref name=":3" /> == Matsayin kiyayewa == === Barazanar farauta === Ana ɗaukar drill ɗin Bioko a cikin haɗari, kuma kasuwancin nama na daji yana fuskantar barazana sosai.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Butynski |first=Thomas M. |last2=Jong |first2=Yvonne A. de |last3=Hearn |first3=Gail W. |date=2009 |title=Body Measurements for the Monkeys of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |journal=Primate Conservation |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1896/052.024.0108 |issn=0898-6207 |s2cid=86484346}}</ref> Primates irin su drill wanda ke da manyan jiki, suna da saurin girma, kuma galibi na ƙasa ne, ana ɗaukar su da tasirin farauta, kuma tun daga shekara ta 2009, an yi hasashen cewa yawan drill a tsibirin Bioko ya kasance kusan 4,000. <ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6"/> Ana rage matsakaicin halittu na gandun daji na Bioko, tare da manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka fi so a farauta, kuma motsa jiki na Bioko yana da rashin haƙuri ga farauta. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Albrechtsen |first=Lise |last2=Macdonald |first2=David W. |last3=Johnson |first3=Paul J. |last4=Castelo |first4=Ramon |last5=Fa |first5=John E. |date=2007-11-01 |title=Faunal loss from bushmeat hunting: empirical evidence and policy implications in Bioko Island |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901107000640 |journal=Environmental Science & Policy |language=en |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=654–667 |bibcode=2007ESPol..10..654A |doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2007.04.007 |issn=1462-9011 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Cronin |first=Drew T. |last2=Clee |first2=Paul R. Sesink |last3=Mitchell |first3=Matthew W. |last4=Meñe |first4=Demetrio Bocuma |last5=Fernández |first5=David |last6=Riaco |first6=Cirilo |last7=Meñe |first7=Maximiliano Fero |last8=Echube |first8=Jose Manuel Esara |last9=Hearn |first9=Gail W. |last10=Gonder |first10=Mary Katherine |date=2017 |title=Conservation strategies for understanding and combating the primate bushmeat trade on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |url=http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/31543/6/2016_05_21_Figure%20List.zip |journal=American Journal of Primatology |language=en |volume=79 |issue=11 |doi=10.1002/ajp.22663 |issn=1098-2345 |pmid=28388824 |s2cid=46882702 |url-access=subscription }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cinikin nama na daji ya kara haifar da barazana ga namun daji a tsibirin Bioko yayin da mafarauta suka sauya daga amfani da tarkon zuwa bindigogi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Cronin |first=Drew T. |last2=Woloszynek |first2=Stephen |last3=Morra |first3=Wayne A. |last4=Honarvar |first4=Shaya |last5=Linder |first5=Joshua M. |last6=Gonder |first6=Mary Katherine |last7=O'Connor |first7=Michael P. |last8=Hearn |first8=Gail W. |date=2015-07-31 |editor-last=Moreira |editor-first=Francisco |title=Long-Term Urban Market Dynamics Reveal Increased Bushmeat Carcass Volume despite Economic Growth and Proactive Environmental Legislation on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=7 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1034464C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0134464 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4521855 |pmid=26230504 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana ƙara yawan gawawwakin da ake samu ga mafarauta, da kuma ba da damar mafarauta su zaɓi dabbobi waɗanda za su sami farashi mafi girma.<ref name=":2" /> Da yake shi ne mafi girma primate a kan tsibirin Bioko, drill kuma yana daya daga cikin mafi tsada sabili da haka mafarauta ke nema.<ref name=":4"/> Ana iya farautar Bioko cikin sauƙi tare da taimakon karnuka da bindigogi, kuma mafarauta wani lokacin za su yi koyi da muryar duiker don nemo su.<ref name=":3"/> Dokar farautar nama ba ta da wani tasiri sosai, domin sanarwar haramcin farautar nama na gabatowa tana hasashen ƙaruwar yawan gawawwaki da ake gani a kasuwar nama, wanda ake kyautata zaton ya faru ne sakamakon firgici da ƙaruwar ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, kuma ta hana kansu zama ba tare da an aiwatar da su ba. An aiwatar da dokoki da dama don haka. An fara aiki da wata doka a shekarar 2003, wadda ta haramta farauta a wasu yankuna, kuma a shekarar 2007 an sanar da wata doka da za ta hana farauta, sayarwa da cin naman daji. An sanar da dokar a watan Oktoba kuma an aiwatar da ita a watan Nuwamba. Bayan sanarwar dokokin, amma kafin aiwatar da ita, kasuwar nama ta yi girma sosai kuma ta ƙara samun riba, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar ƙaruwar gawawwaki da ake samu a kasuwar nama. A ranar da aka aiwatar da dokar, yawan gawawwaki ya kusan ɓacewa, duk da haka sun karu da sauri daga wannan lokacin saboda rashin aiwatarwa. Kasuwar ta sake farfadowa gaba ɗaya kafin shekarar 2008, daga ƙarshe ta kai matsayi mafi girma fiye da kafin a sanar da dokar kuma ta kai kololuwa a watan Afrilu, 2010 a gawawwaki 37 a kowace rana.  Waɗannan hanyoyin farauta suna ci gaba da samun riba ta kuɗi, yayin da farashin haƙar Bioko ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa..<ref name=":0"/> Rashin mazaunin saboda canjin yanayi zai shafi yankunan da ke cikin tsibirin Bioko, saboda hauhawar matakan teku da ke damun waɗannan yankuna. Wannan mai yiwuwa zai shafi yawancin mutanen da ke cikin drill, <ref name=":7"/> kamar yadda wuraren zama na lowland suna da kyau ga manyan kungiyoyi na drills, kuma galibi an fi son su.<ref name=":7" /> Akwai wasu shaidu cewa za a iya amfani da kayan aikin Bioko da aka kama daga daji a cikin wasan motsa jiki.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Martín |first=Olga |last2=Vinyoles |first2=Dolors |last3=García-Galea |first3=Eduardo |last4=Maté |first4=Carmen |date=2016-10-01 |title=Improving the Welfare of a Zoo-Housed Male Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) Aggressive Toward Visitors |journal=Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=323–334 |doi=10.1080/10888705.2016.1147961 |issn=1088-8705 |pmid=26983783 |s2cid=19321396 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana haifar da barazana ga motsa jiki kamar yadda a cikin bauta suna nuna alamun damuwa na dogon lokaci kuma suna iya yin aiki da ƙarfi, suna rage ikon su na yin jima'i <ref name=":9" /> idan an cece su. Wannan kuma yana cire su daga mazauninsu na halitta da yawan jama'a, yana cire su manipud cikin tafkunan kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka riga sun ƙare ta hanyar farauta. == Ma'amala da mutane == === Al'adun nama === Tsibirin Bioko ya ƙunshi babban kasuwar nama, kasuwar Malabo, <ref name=":0"/> wanda yayi kama da na Afirka. Bushmeat kanta muhimmiyar hanya ce ga Tsibirin Bioko, a fannin tattalin arziki da abinci mai gina jiki, kuma farauta da amfani sun karu dangane da GDP na Equatorial Guinea.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":2"/> An fi cinye nama a kan wasu tushen furotin ta manyan kabilun tsibirin, Bubi da Fang, kodayake Fang suna nuna fifiko mafi girma ga primates musamman.<ref name=":8"/> Kasuwanci da kuma sabunta hanyoyin farauta ya haifar da mayar da hankali kan amfani da bindiga fiye da kamawa, domin waɗannan hanyoyin sun fi samun riba. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka ababen more rayuwa a Tsibirin Bioko ya ba da damar samun saurin dawowa ga mafarauta da masu shiga tsakani ga kasuwa, waɗanda galibi direbobin tasi ne, wanda hakan ya ba da damar yin tafiya da lada cikin sauri. Aikin haƙa Bioko sanannen abu ne tsakanin mafarauta na nama, kuma an yi hasashen cewa hauhawar farashin haƙa yayin da yawan jama'arta ke raguwa zai ƙarfafa mafarauta su nemi shi a wurare masu nisa, wanda hakan ke ƙara raguwa. Aikin haƙa Bioko galibi ana sayar da shi sabo da aka kashe, kuma ba kasafai ake shan taba ko kuma a rayu ba.[1] Duk da cewa ana sayar da naman daji da ake farauta a Bioko a kasuwar Malabo, ko kuma a wani wuri a tsibirin kanta, yawancin mafarauta na nama daga babban yankin Equatorial Guinea ne. Cin naman daji a Bioko ya ƙara zama alamar wadata da matsayi, yayin da farashin naman ya ƙaru, duk da haka har yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa tushen furotin da ake samu.. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe |first=Nathan D. |last2=Daszak |first2=Peter |last3=Kilpatrick |first3=A. Marm |last4=Burke |first4=Donald S. |date=2005 |title=Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=1822–1827 |doi=10.3201/eid1112.040789 |issn=1080-6040 |pmc=3367616 |pmid=16485465}}</ref> Akwai wasu damuwa cewa kusanci da hako ga mutane saboda sare daji, farauta, da amfani na iya haifar da yaduwar cututtukan zoonotic.<ref name=":10"/><ref name=":2"/> === Haɗin kai zuwa SIV === An ba da shawarar cewa za a yi amfani da kwayar cutar Bioko a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin binciken kwayar cutar Simian immunodeficiency <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Worobey |first=M. |last2=Telfer |first2=P. |last3=Souquiere |first3=S. |last4=Hunter |first4=M. |last5=Coleman |first5=C. A. |last6=Metzger |first6=M. J. |last7=Reed |first7=P. |last8=Makuwa |first8=M. |last9=Hearn |first9=G. |last10=Honarvar |first10=S. |last11=Roques |first11=P. |date=2010-09-17 |title=Island Biogeography Reveals the Deep History of SIV |journal=Science |language=en |volume=329 |issue=5998 |page=1487 |bibcode=2010Sci...329.1487W |doi=10.1126/science.1193550 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=20847261 |s2cid=37803712}}</ref> (SIV) saboda dogon tarihin keɓewa daga ƙasar. juyin halitta mai zaman kansa na cutar a cikin hakowar Bioko na tsawon shekaru 10,000 ya ba da damar kwatanta shi da hakowar ƙasa, kuma yana ba da kallo game da macroevolution.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Astaras |first=Christos |last2=Waltert |first2=M. |date=2010 |title=What does seed handling by the drill tell us about the ecological services of terrestrial cercopithecines in African forests?: Terrestrial forest primates' role in forest dynamics |journal=Animal Conservation |language=en |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=568–578 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00378.x |s2cid=82430448}}</ref> Saurin juyin halitta na cutar ya sa ya zama da wahala a kimanta shekarunsa ba tare da kwatanta ba, <ref name=":11" /> kuma a baya an kiyasta SIV a matsayin cuta ce mai ƙanƙanta. Haɗin ya ba da damar yin kimantawa game da ci gaba da shekarun kwayar [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1dqvw3z1uuh0qnah0u5vh1d166xzmvu Fwemba 0 140083 891469 792561 2026-08-04T20:31:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fwemba''' rawa ce ta al'ada da kuma bayyana ra'ayi da mutanen Tumbuka ke yi a Gabashin Zambia, musamman a gundumomi kamar Lundazi, Chasefu, da Lumezi, da kuma Chama a Lardin Muchinga . Rawar tana da motsin ƙarfi da na yaƙi waɗanda ke nuna bikin al'umma da juriya.<ref>{{Citation |last=Partners |first=Lubuto Library |title=Ngwerere Library Opening Ceremony |date=2010-11-10 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubutolibraryproject/5224366153/ |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> Kalmar Chitumbuka ''Fwemba'' tana da alaƙa da rawar da take takawa biyu a matsayin rawar nasara da kuma nau'in zanga-zanga. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=The tribal dance. Chief Magodi |url=https://mpelembe.net/index.php/the-tribal-dance-chief-magodi/ |access-date=8 September 2025 |website=Mpelembe Network}}</ref> == Tarihi == Fwemba ta samo asali ne daga rawar yaƙi da mayaƙan Tumbuka suka yi bayan sun dawo daga yaƙin da suka yi nasara, wanda hakan ya ba su damar nuna dabarunsu na zahiri da kuma nasarar al'umma a bainar jama'a. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, ta rikide zuwa wani nau'i na zanga-zanga kan zalunci, tana ba da murya ga rashin amincewa da juna da kuma alfahari da al'adu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tembo |first=Mwizenge S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AeX0H4bZjIUC&dq=Fwemba+dance&pg=PA144 |title=Satisfying Zambian Hunger for Culture: Social Change in the Global World |date=2012 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4797-0209-1 |language=en}}</ref> Rawar tana cikin manyan nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na soja, suna raba asali da Mganda, [[Malipenga]], da [[Kalela dance|Kalela]], wasannin kwaikwayo da suka bayyana a lokacin mulkin mallaka da yaƙe-yaƙen duniya a matsayin nishaɗi da kuma sharhin siyasa da zamantakewa. Fwemba musamman ta yi aiki a matsayin hanyar yin biki, tana wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin adalcin mulkin mallaka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2019 |title=Zambia's militaristic mimes and cultural performances |url=https://www.thezhistorian.com/l/the-night-i-finally-reached-crystal-lake/ |access-date=8 September 2025 |website=The Z Historian |archive-date=18 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251118003715/https://www.thezhistorian.com/l/the-night-i-finally-reached-crystal-lake/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Muhimmancin al'adu da aikin zamani == Fwemba na ci gaba da kasancewa ana yin ta a bukukuwan aure, bukukuwan gargajiya, tarukan sarakuna, da shagulgulan al’umma, inda take taimakawa wajen kiyaye asalin al’adar Tumbuka. Asalinta na yaƙi da kuma ma’anarta ta nuna adawa da zalunci har yanzu suna da muhimmanci a al’ada, suna bai wa al’ummar Tumbuka na zamani damar girmama gadon kakanni da kuma tabbatar da ƙimomin zamantakewa.<ref>{{Citation |last=Partners |first=Lubuto Library |title=Ngwerere Library Opening Ceremony |date=2010-11-10 |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubutolibraryproject/5224366153/ |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Bikin Gargajiya na Kulonga * Bikin Gargajiya na Zengani == Manazarta == qzgoguj9n8un2xaw9pc0b903ij6k0rc Farin Castró 0 141212 891392 833852 2026-08-04T16:35:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joy Castro''' ƙwararriyar marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa, kuma mai rubuta makala. A halin yanzu ita ce Farfesa Willa Cather a fannin Turanci da Nazarin Ƙabilanci (Nazarin Latin) a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln, inda take jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙabilanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joy Castro {{!}} Department of English |url=https://www.unl.edu/english/joy-castro |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=[[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erotic Desire, Trauma, and Political Choices: An Interview with Joy Castro Regarding Her Novel, One Brilliant Flame By Daniel A. Olivas |url=https://www.latinobookreview.com/erotic-desire-trauma-and-political-choices-an-interview-with-joy-castro-regarding-her-novel-one-brilliant-flame-by-daniel-a-olivas-latino-book-review.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=LATINO BOOK REVIEW |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Castro ta yi ƙuruciyarta a Miami, Florida, da kuma London (UK). Ta zauna a West Virginia tun tana 'yar shekara 7 har zuwa kammala karatun sakandare. Tun tana ƙarama, Castro ta ce a shekarar 2021 cewa "ta fito daga wani yanayi mai tsauri da tsauri - ni ce ta farko, daga talauci, kuma daga wata ƙungiyar Kirista mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wadda ba ta yarda da juyin halitta ko zaɓe ba - amma duk da haka na daɗe ina jin yunwar rayuwar tunani." == Sana'a == Aikin Castro a fannin labaran da ba na almara ba da kuma labaran karya ya binciko tarihin cin zarafi da sharhin siyasa da zamantakewa, galibi a ƙarƙashin sunan labaran laifuka, yana kwatanta shi da "nau'in adalci." <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2018 |title=The Fallout of Disaster |url=https://chapter16.org/the-fallout-of-disaster/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=chapter16.org |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="crimereads">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-01 |title=How Crime Fiction Can Help Us Understand The Many Layers of Violence in Society |url=https://crimereads.com/how-crime-fiction-can-help-us-understand-violence/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=CrimeReads |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://crimereads.com/how-crime-fiction-can-help-us-understand-violence/ "How Crime Fiction Can Help Us Understand The Many Layers of Violence in Society"]. ''CrimeReads''. 2021-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ita ce editan farko na shirin Machete, <ref name="castro_ohio">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Joy Castro of Ohio State University Press |url=https://www.pw.org/agents_editors_recommend/joy_castro_of_ohio_state_university_press |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Poets & Writers |language=en}}</ref> wani shiri a cikin sabbin littattafan adabi a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. Ta yi aiki a matsayin bako a alkalamin CRAFT na farko na Creative Nonfiction Award, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-12-15 |title=Interview: Joy Castro |url=https://www.craftliterary.com/2020/12/15/interview-joy-castro/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=CRAFT |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ayyukanta sun bayyana a wurare da suka haɗa da ''Poets & Writers'', <ref name="castro_ohio" /> ''Writer's Digest'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Joy |date=12 November 2021 |title=Writing Brilliant Essays |url=https://www.writersdigest.com/write-better-nonfiction/writing-brilliant-essays |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Writer's Digest |language=en}}</ref> ''Literary Hub'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-02 |title=On the Life and Under-Recognized Work of Margery Latimer, Visionary Modernist Writer |url=https://lithub.com/on-the-life-and-under-recognized-work-of-margery-latimer-visionary-modernist-writer/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Literary Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Crime Reads'', <ref name="crimereads"/> ''The Rumpus'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2021 |title=Rumpus Exclusive: Cover Reveal For Flight Risk |url=https://therumpus.net/2021/05/25/rumpus-exclusive-cover-reveal-for-flight-risk/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Rumpus.net}}</ref> ''Plowshares'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spring 2019 |url=https://www.pshares.org/issues/spring-2019 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Ploughshares}}</ref> The ''Brooklyn Rail,'' <ref name="brooklynrail">{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Joy |date=2022-06-01 |title=Ein Haus am Meer |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2022/06/fiction/Ein-Haus-am-Meer |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=The Brooklyn Rail |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Senses of Cinema'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2004 |title=Joy Castro |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/author/joy-castro/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Senses of Cinema |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Salon'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Joy |date=2014-06-13 |title=Donna Tartt's multicultural fantasy: How "The Goldfinch" got away with its disgraceful racial politics |url=https://www.salon.com/2014/06/13/donna_tartts_multicultural_fantasy_how_the_goldfinch_got_away_with_its_disgraceful_racial_politics/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref> ''Gulf Coast,'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Racial and Ethnic Justice in the Creative Writing Course |url=https://gulfcoastmag.org/online/fall-2015/racial-and-ethnic-justice-in-the-creative-writing-course/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=gulfcoastmag.org |language=en}}</ref> ''Brevity'', [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=How We See One Another: Our Guest Editors Castro and Sukrungruang in Conversation |url=https://brevitymag.com/craft-essays/how-we-see-one-another/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Brevity: A Journal of Concise Literary Nonfiction}}</ref> ''Seneca Review'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seneca Review: Back Issues |url=https://www.hws.edu/offices/senecareview/back-issues.aspx |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.hws.edu |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226172559/https://www.hws.edu/offices/senecareview/back-issues.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Los Angeles Review of Books'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-05 |title=know-that-i-am-perfectly-well-and-that-i-always-find-a-way-the-revolutionary-letters-of-che-guevara/ |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/know-that-i-am-perfectly-well-and-that-i-always-find-a-way-the-revolutionary-letters-of-che-guevara/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Los Angeles Review of Books |language=en}}</ref> da kuma ''The New York Times Magazine'' . Ta kasance Marubuciya a Jami'ar Vanderbilt . ''<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>'' == Muhimmin karɓuwa ga ayyukan da suka gabata == Game da ''Flight Risk'', Melissa Scholes Young ta ce a cikin ''Fiction Writers Review :'' "Ko da muna dogara ga tushenmu, muna tono tsararraki da suka bi wannan hanyar kafin mu sa ƙafa a kanta. Maido da waɗannan tushen a matsayin wani ɓangare na asalinmu maimakon rufe su don hanya mai sauƙi shi ma wani abu ne na juyin juya hali, musamman lokacin da wannan wanzuwar ta kasance cikin talauci. Lokacin da mai ba da labari a cikin ''Flight Risk'' ya yi tsokaci cewa yunwa sirri ne da za a riƙe kuma ya yi iƙirarin kunyar son abinci a cikin duniya mai yalwa, akwai wahayi da masu karatu dole ne su yi kokawa da zargin kansu a ciki. Idan talauci batu ne na mata, bai kamata mu yi watsi da shi ba amma mu yi la'akari da yadda wariya da wariya ga jinsi ke ci gaba da wanzuwa. ''Flight Risk'' ya tashi zuwa ga wannan ƙalubalen kuma ya bayyana bege ga duniyar da za a iya daraja mata da kuma yanke shawara kan kanta. Akwai kyau da zaman lafiya a cikin hangen nesa na Isabel Morales na adalci ga kanta da ƙasar da take ƙauna." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Melissa Scholes |title=Reclaiming Our Roots: A Conversation with Joy Castro |url=https://fictionwritersreview.com/interview/reclaiming-our-roots-a-conversation-with-joy-castro/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=Fiction Writers Review}}</ref> Da yake gabatar da gajerun labaran Castro, "Ein Haus am Meer," a cikin ''littafin The Brooklyn Rail ,'' Will Chancellor ya ce, "tafiya, yanayi, da tambayoyi na labarin sun cimma burin babban bayani: don kama kyawun wucin gadi, wanda ba a iya gani ba da kuma isar da kuzarin sa mai mahimmanci." <ref name="brooklynrail"/> == Littattafai == === Labarai === *   *   *   *   === Tarin gajerun labarai === *   === Abubuwan Tunawa === *   === Tarin rubuce-rubuce === *   === A matsayin edita === *   == Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai == * Wanda ya lashe kyautar Thriller ta Duniya ta 2022, don ''Haɗarin Jirgin Sama'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=International Thriller Writers Names Finalists for 2022 Thriller Awards |url=https://booktrib.com/2022/02/28/international-thriller-writers-names-finalists-for-2022-thriller-awards/ |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=BookTrib |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kyautar Littafin Nebraska, don ''Jahannama ko Babban Ruwa''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}} * Kyautar Littattafai ta Latino ta Duniya, don ''Tsibirin Kasusuwa{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qog901ad23kksdb1854dttduza98hhf Evelynn M. Hammonds 0 141680 891386 826721 2026-08-04T15:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evelynn Maxine Hammonds''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2018 |title=National Academy of Medicine Elects 85 New Members |url=https://nam.edu/national-academy-of-medicine-elects-85-new-members/ |access-date=September 21, 2021 |publisher=National Academy of Medicine}}</ref> (an haife ta a shekara ta 1953) ƙwararriyar 'yar Amurka ce kuma ƙwararriya a fannin mata. Ita ce Farfesa Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz ta Tarihin Kimiyya kuma Farfesa ce ta Nazarin Afirka da Baƙar fata-Amurka a [[Jami'ar Harvard]], kuma tsohuwar Shugabar Kwalejin Harvard . Alaƙa tsakanin launin fata, jinsi, kimiyya da magani manyan batutuwa ne na bincike a cikin littattafanta da aka buga. <ref>name="Bio Hist Science">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammond |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People |publisher=Harvard University |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604003727/https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hammonds ta sami digiri a fannin injiniya da kimiyyar lissafi. Kafin ta sami digirin digirgir a Tarihin Kimiyya a Harvard, ta kasance mai shirye-shiryen kwamfuta. Ta fara aikin koyarwa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, daga baya ta koma Harvard. A shekara ta 2008, an naɗa Hammonds shugabar jami'a, Baƙar fata ta farko kuma mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kwalejin. Ta koma koyarwa ta cikakken lokaci a shekara ta 2013. <ref> name="Step Down article">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2013 |title=Hammonds to step down as dean in July |url=http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/05/dean-release-july/ |access-date=April 1, 2015 |website=Harvard Gazette |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Hammonds a [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1953, ga Evelyn Baker Hammonds da William Hammonds Jr. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=The History Makers}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta malamar makaranta ce, kuma mahaifinta ma'aikacin gidan waya ne. Mahaifinta ya yi burin zama injiniya, bayan ya karanci ilmin sunadarai da lissafi, amma bai samu damar halartar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia da aka ware ba. <ref name=":0" /> Evelynn M. Hammonds ta fara sha'awar tarihi da kimiyya a matsayin daliba a Makarantar Firamare ta Collier Heights da ke Atlanta kuma wannan sha'awar ta samo asali ne daga fallasar kimiyya da wuri ta hanyar iyayenta. Iliminta na sakandare ya lalace sakamakon hadewa da wariya, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata sauya sheka daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Charles Lincoln Harper zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Daniel McLaughlin Therrell a shekarar 1967. Bayan ta fuskanci wariya daga ɗalibai da malamai, ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kudu maso Yamma. <ref name=":0" /> Masanin ilimin National Merit, Hammonds ta halarci Kwalejin Spelman inda ta shiga cikin shirin injiniya na hadin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia. A shekara ta 1976 ta kammala karatu daga jami'o'in biyu tare da digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyan lantarki bi da bi. Yayinda take karatun digiri, ta shafe bazara biyu tana aiki a Bell Labs ta hanyar shirin bincike wanda ya dauki 'yan tsiraru a cikin kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesson Plan, "The Black Scientific Renaissance of the 1970s-90s: African American Scientists at Bell Laboratories" |url=https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/history/teaching-guides/bell-laboratories/African%20American%20Scientists%20at%20Bell%20Laboratories_Lesson%20Plan.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=American Institute of Physics}}</ref> Shirin ya ba da jagora da tsari da sanyawa a cikin ƙungiyar dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuma ta tuna, "... ita ce bayyanata ta farko ga duniyar babban kimiyya. Yana da tasiri mai zurfi a gare ni, kuma ina so in yi kyau. " A lokacin aikinta ne aka fara buga ta, kuma ta zama abokiyar Cecilia Conrad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/evelynn-m-hammonds-40 |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}</ref> Conrad ya dauki Hammonds zuwa Boston, yayin da Conrad dalibi ne a Kwalejin Wellesley a lokacin, kuma sun ziyarci harabar MIT tare wanda ya burge Hammonds kuma ya yi mata wahayi. Sa'an nan, saboda Society of Physics Students a Kwalejin Spelman, an gabatar da Hammond ga [[Shirley Ann Jackson]] da Ronald McNair. Ta tuna cewa Jackson ita ce, "mace baƙar fata ta farko da na taɓa saduwa da ita wacce ta kasance masanin kimiyyar lissafi, kuma ... ta tafi MIT don haka ta yanke shawarar cewa [MIT] ita ce kawai wurin da nake so in je. "<ref name=":1" /> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta halarci Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) don shirin PhD amma ta bar karatun a farkon shekarar 1980, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Bayan ta bar jami'a, ta fara aiki na tsawon shekaru biyar a matsayin injiniyan software, amma ta ga hakan ba shi da wahala kuma ta koma [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=The History Makers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/sites/default/files/A2004_248_EAD.pdf "The History Makers Video Oral History Interview with Evelynn M. Hammonds"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The History Makers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1993, ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a Tarihin Kimiyya. <ref name="Bio Hist Science">{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammond |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=June 14, 2020 |website=Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People |publisher=Harvard University |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604003727/https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds "Evelynn M. Hammond"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604003727/https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |date=2022-06-04 }}. ''Harvard University Department of the History of Science: People''. Harvard University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta daga Harvard, an gayyaci Hammonds don koyarwa a MIT. A lokacin da take can, ita ce daraktar da ta kafa cibiyar nazarin bambancin ra'ayi a Kimiyya, Fasaha, da Magunguna ta MIT. <ref name="Bio Hist Science"/> Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya taron ilimi na farko na ƙasa ga ƙwararrun mata baƙaƙe, [[Mata baƙar fata a cikin Kwalejin: Tsaron Sunanmu 1894-1994|Mata Baƙaƙe a Kwalejin: Kare Sunanmu 1894–1994]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name, 1894-1994 conference records {{!}} MIT ArchivesSpace |url=https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/resources/472 |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=archivesspace.mit.edu}}</ref> taron ƙasa da aka kira a MIT a 1994 don magance matsalolin tarihi da na zamani da mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka ke fuskanta a fannin ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds, 1980 {{!}} MIT Black History |url=https://www.blackhistory.mit.edu/archive/evelynn-m-hammonds-1980 |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=www.blackhistory.mit.edu |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, ta koma Harvard ta kuma shiga a matsayin farfesa a sashen Tarihin Kimiyya da Nazarin Afirka da Baƙar fata-Amurka. Ta zama Shugabar Kwalejin Harvard a shekara ta 2008 kuma ita ce mace ta huɗu baƙar fata da ta sami aiki a Sashen Fasaha da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Harvard. Kafin wannan, Hammonds ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar mataimakiyar shugaban farko na ci gaban malamai da bambancin ra'ayi na Harvard. A watan Fabrairun 2022, Hammonds ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin malamai 38 na Harvard da suka sanya hannu kan wata wasika zuwa ga Harvard Crimson da ke kare Farfesa John Comaroff, wanda aka gano ya karya manufofin ɗabi'ar jima'i da na sana'a na jami'ar. Wasikar ta kare Comaroff a matsayin "ƙwararren abokin aiki, mai ba da shawara kuma ɗan ƙasa mai himma a jami'a" kuma ta nuna rashin jin daɗi game da takunkumin da jami'ar ta sanya masa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Letter Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof. John Comaroff |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2022/2/4/comaroff-sanctions-open-letter/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.thecrimson.com |publisher=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref> Bayan da ɗalibai suka shigar da ƙara tare da zarge-zargen ayyukan Comaroff da gazawar jami'ar na mayar da martani, Hammonds ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka sanya hannu da dama da suka ce tana son janye sa hannunta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/08/metro/3-graduate-students-file-sexual-harassment-suit-against-prominent-harvard-anthropology-professor/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.bostonglobe.com |publisher=The Boston Globe}}{{Cite web |title=3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/08/metro/3-graduate-students-file-sexual-harassment-suit-against-prominent-harvard-anthropology-professor/ |access-date=9 Feb 2022 |website=www.bostonglobe.com |publisher=The Boston Globe}}</ref> === Bincike === Binciken Hammonds ya mayar da hankali kan mahadar kimiyya, magani, da launin fata. Yawancin ayyukanta suna nazarin jinsi da jinsi a mahangar kimiyya da magani. Tana damuwa da yadda kimiyya ke bincika bambancin ɗan adam ta hanyar launin fata. Hammonds galibi tana nazarin lokacin ƙarni na 17 don gabatarwa yayin da take mai da hankali kan tarihin cututtuka da kuma ra'ayin mata na Afirka-Amurka. A cikin 1997, an buga labarin Hammond mai suna "Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Shiru" a cikin ''Ka'idar Mata da Jiki: Mai Karatu'' . <ref name="Genealogy">{{Cite book|last2=Margrit Shildrick}}</ref> A cikin wannan labarin, Hammond ta mayar da hankali kan mahadar jima'i na mata baƙar fata da AIDS. Ta yi jayayya cewa jima'i na mata baƙar fata (daga ƙarni na 19 zuwa yanzu) an kafa shi ne daidai da na mata fararen fata. Ta yi jayayya cewa, a tarihi, yawancin masu ra'ayin mata baƙar fata sun kasa haɓaka ra'ayi game da jima'i na mata baƙar fata. Daga nan Hammonds ta tattauna iyakokin jima'i na mata baƙar fata da kuma yadda hakan ke shafar mata baƙar fata masu cutar AIDS. Hammonds ta yi imanin cewa mata baƙar fata suna da ikon bayyana jima'i fiye da yadda suka yarda da shi a zamantakewa, amma duk da haka ba za su iya bayyana shi ba. Wannan sakamakon baƙar fata mata ba su iya bayyana jima'i ta hanyar da suka ga dama ba. Ta rubuta tarihin farko na waɗannan ma'anoni a farkon ƙarni na 19 tare da [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]] a matsayin "Hottentot Venus". <ref name="Genealogy"/> Wannan mace baƙar fata ce da aka nuna kuma aka ɗauke ta a matsayin mai lalata saboda tana da manyan sassan jikin mutum fiye da na takwarorinta fararen fata. A yau, har yanzu muna ganin ci gaba da tasirin alaƙar mata baƙar fata da jima'i mara tsari. Wannan galibi ya faru ne saboda kwatanta mata baƙar fata da mata fararen fata na Victoria. Ana ɗaukar mata baƙar fata a matsayin masu yawan jima'i . Al'ummar fararen fata ta yi tunanin cewa jima'i baƙar fata mata yana lalata ɗabi'u da ƙimar al'ummarsu. <ref name="Genealogy" /> A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, masu kawo sauyi mata baƙaƙe sun himmatu wajen ƙirƙirar sabuwar ma'anar jima'i ga mata baƙaƙe. Wannan sabon ma'anar hoton mace baƙaƙe mai ɗabi'a don daidaita kanta da mata masu ɗabi'a na Victoria. Waɗannan mata baƙaƙen mata sun himmatu wajen sake gina ra'ayin jima'i ga mata baƙaƙe. Hammonds ya yi jayayya cewa ta hanyar rufe muryar mace baƙaƙen mata, masu kawo sauyi sun danne mata baƙaƙe ba tare da sake gina ra'ayin ma'anar jima'i ga mata ba. <ref name="Genealogy"/> Hammonds ya bayyana cewa don mata baƙar fata su sami 'yanci daga zalunci, dole ne mata baƙarƙashiya su dawo da jima'i. Ma'anar jima'i na baƙar fata koyaushe ana bayyana shi ta hanyar ƙungiyar waje da ke kallo, da farko da fararen maza sannan kuma da fararen mata. Dole ne mata baƙar fata su bayyana jima'i don shawo kan zalunci. Ta bayyana cewa wannan shiru mai maimaitawa ya zama ra'ayi na "rashin ganuwa" don bayyana rayuwar mata baƙar fata. Ko da mata masu daraja a cikin ilimi har yanzu suna cikin rashin ganuwa lokacin da aka gaya musu waɗanne batutuwan da za su iya kuma ba za su iya ba da lacca game da su ba.<ref name="Genealogy"/> Hammonds ya ci gaba da fadada "rashin ganuwa" na mata baƙi zuwa fagen magani da kimiyya. An zalunta mata baƙar fata shekaru da yawa har aka kafa mummunan ra'ayi game da mata baƙarƙashiya kuma yanzu ga mata baƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da cutar kanjamau. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun haifar da wani wuri tsakanin mata baƙar fata da ke fama da cutar kanjamau da al'umma. Jama'a suna ci gaba da riƙe mata baƙar fata har zuwa halin da ake ciki na mata masu jima'i da baƙar fata da ke fama da cutar kanjamau an tilasta su magance wannan zalunci.<ref name="Genealogy" /> A shekarar 1994 Hammonds ta buga "Baƙi (W)holes and the Geometry of Black Female Sexuality," wani labarin da ya faɗaɗa kuma ya mayar da martani ga tsarin Darlene Clark Hines na dissemblence, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hine |first=Darlene Clark |date=July 1989 |title=Rape and the Inner Lives of Black Women in the Middle West |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/494552 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=912–920 |doi=10.1086/494552 |issn=0097-9740 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da kuma "Interstices: A Small Drama of Words" na Hortense Spillers . Labarin ya yi la'akari da shirun jima'i na baƙar fata mace, musamman jima'i na baƙar fata 'yan madigo, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin "an rufe shi sau biyu." Ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi da nazarin halayyar ɗan adam don la'akari da rashin komai na jima'i na baƙar fata mace kuma tana kira da a yi motsi zuwa ga "siyasar haɗin gwiwa." A shekarar 1995, Hammonds, tare da sauran masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na mata, ciki har da [[Angela Davis]], Barbara Ransby da Kimberlé Crenshaw, sun kafa wata kawance mai suna "Ajandar Afirka ta Amurka ta 2000" don adawa da [[Million Man March|zanga-zangar mutum miliyan]] na Louis Farrakhan, saboda fargabar cewa hakan zai kara nuna wa mazan bakar fata wariya. === Badakalar binciken imel a Harvard === A watan Maris na 2013, shugaban sashen fasaha da kimiyya na Hammonds da Harvard, Michael D. Smith, ya sanar da cewa sun ba da umarnin a bincika bayanan imel na masu gudanarwa na Harvard domin gano ko mutane sun fallasa bayanai ga manema labarai game da binciken jami'ar game da badakalar yaudara ta Harvard ta 2012. Hammonds da Smith sun tambayi masu gudanarwa ko sun fallasa wani bayani ga kowa ko a'a, a martanin da jaridar Crimson ta buga game da wani imel na ciki game da badakalar yaudara da cancantar 'yan wasa. Babu wani mai gudanarwa da ya fito; Hammonds da Smith sun sanar da waɗannan masu gudanarwa cewa za a buƙaci ƙarin bincike. A martanin da suka mayar, Hammonds da Smith sun ba da umarnin a bincika imel kuma sun gano mutumin da ke da alhakin yaɗa waɗannan saƙonnin imel na ciki. ''Jaridar Harvard Crimson'' ta yi kira ga Hammonds da ta yi murabus. Sannan, a ranar 28 ga Mayu, Hammonds ta sanar da cewa za ta yi murabus don jagorantar wani sabon shirin bincike na Harvard kan launin fata da jinsi a fannin kimiyya. Hammonds ta ce shawararta ta yin murabus ba ta da alaƙa da lamarin binciken imel. Wani bita da jami'ar ta bayar daga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na waje, wanda aka fitar a watan Yulin 2013, ya kammala da cewa "Masu Gudanar da FAS da ke aiki cikin aminci sun gudanar da [binciken imel] domin ci gaba da kammala shari'o'in ladabtarwa na Hukumar Gudanarwa da kuma kare sirrin wannan tsari." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keating |first=Michael B. |date=July 15, 2013 |title=Report to the Subcommittee of the Harvard Corporation on Email Searches Conducted in Connection with the Academic Integrity Cases |url=https://www.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/content/Harvard-Final-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121054800/https://www.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/content/Harvard-Final-Report.pdf |archive-date=2021-01-21}}</ref> === Littattafai masu mahimmanci === * ''Mummunan Bala'i ga Yara: Yaƙin Neman Magance Ciwon Diphtheria a Birnin New York, 1880 - 1930'' (1999, Johns Hopkins University Press) * ''Yanayin Bambanci: Kimiyyar Jinsi a Amurka daga Jefferson zuwa Genomics'' (2008, MIT Press) * ''Sampler na Harvard: Ilimi Mai Sauƙin Kai don ƙarni na Ashirin da Ɗaya'' (2011, Harvard University Press) * ''Matsalar Rarraba Kayayyaki: Abin da ya gabata a Yanzu'' (2011, Rutgers University Press) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelynn M. Hammonds CV |url=https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |access-date=April 24, 2018 |website=Harvard University |archive-date=June 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604003727/https://histsci.fas.harvard.edu/people/evelynn-hammonds |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Daraja da fifiko == * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Tarihin Kimiyya, 2024–2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Presidents |url=https://hssonline.org/page/pastpresidents |access-date=16 February 2026 |website=History of Science Society}}</ref> * Sunan Ɗaliban Harvard LGBTQ a Makarantar Digiri ta Fasaha da Kimiyya "Evelynn Hammonds Award for Exceptional Service to BGLTQ+ Inclusion", 2021 * Zaɓen memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, 2021 * Zaɓen Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Bates, 2018 * Naɗin Kwamitin Mata a Kimiyya, Injiniya, da Magunguna na Kwalejin Kimiyya, Injiniya, da Magunguna ta Ƙasa, 2017 * Tarihin Ƙungiyar Kimiyya Mai Daraja Malami, 2016 * Kyautar da aka bai wa waɗanda suka kafa, Kwamitin Lauyoyi kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Adalci a Tattalin Arziki, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders' Award |url=http://lawyersforcivilrights.org/our-impact/awards/ |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=Lawyers for Civil Rights }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kyautar Mace Mai Jarumtaka da Yanke Hukunci, Babban Babi na Majalisar Mata Masu Ra'ayin Baƙi ta Ƙasa ta Boston, 2014 * Kwalejin Spelman Ida B. Wells-Barnett Babban Malami, 2013 * Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Dan Adam daga Kwalejin Bates, 2011 * Ƙungiyar Mata a Kimiyya, 2008 * Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Farfesa a Jami'ar Harvard, 2007 * Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Dan Adam daga Kwalejin Spelman, 2004 * Babban Malami Sigma Xi, 2003–05 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2iq7tpy5hzegxe7yybdckkl6vhcq4q9 Helen Chenevix 0 142840 891646 802617 2026-08-05T09:58:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Sophia Chenevix''' (13 ga Nuwamba 1886 - 4 ga Maris 1963) 'yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma mai haɗin gwiwar kwadago. A shekara ta 1911, ta yi aiki tare da Louie Bennett don kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Irish . Daga baya su biyu sun kafa Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata ta Irish. An kuma zaɓe Chenevix a matsayin memba na Dublin Corporation, kuma sau biyu tana aiki a matsayin mukaddashin Magajin Garin Dublin a shekarun 1942 da 1950. A shekarar 1951, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Kasuwa ta Ireland, kuma daga 1955 zuwa 1957 ta kasance Sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mata. Ta kuma kasance mai himma a Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Zaman Lafiya da 'Yanci da kuma Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Irish. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Helen Sophia Chenevix a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1886 a Blackrock, County Dublin, kuma 'yar Henry Chenevix ce, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Genealogy |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1886/02583/1954772.pdf |access-date=2018-11-20 |website=civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911 |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Dublin/Pembroke_West/Pembroke_Park/10494/ |access-date=2018-11-21 |website=www.census.nationalarchives.ie |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205144411/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Dublin/Pembroke_West/Pembroke_Park/10494/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bishop a Cocin Ireland kuma wataƙila zuriyar masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Ireland Richard Chenevix ce . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Genealogy |url=http://churchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details/9f314b0580716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205171536/http://churchrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details/9f314b0580716 |archive-date=5 February 2020 |access-date=24 March 2013}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Charlotte Sophia, wacce aka haifa a Ormsby. Chenevix ta halarci Kwalejin Alexandra da ke Milltown a Dublin, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Chevenix, Helen (1886–1963) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/chevenix-helen-1886-1963 |access-date=2018-11-19 |website=www.encyclopedia.com |language=en}}</ref> inda abokiyar karawarta Louie Bennett ta sami iliminta shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Daga baya Chenevix ta ci gaba da karatunta a Kwalejin Trinity inda ta kasance cikin rukunin mata na farko da suka kammala karatunsu suka kuma sami digiri na BA a 1909. <ref name=":4" /> Chenevix ta fara sha'awar kuma ta nutse cikin ƙungiyar 'yan takara kuma ta kasance babbar mamba a cikin Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Irish . Chenevix ta jagoranci zanga-zanga da muhawara da yawa kan batun 'yancin mata, tare da haɗin gwiwa akai-akai tare da abokin karawarta Bennett mai ra'ayin 'yan takara, wanda ta yi haɗin gwiwa da shi a yawancin ayyukan siyasa. Daga 1911, gurguzu da [[Feminism|ra'ayin mata]] sun kasance ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa, kuma yawancin masu ra'ayin 'yan mata suna da ra'ayin siyasa na gurguzu. Wannan ya haifar da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yan takara a lokacin shekarun 1910 da kuma ƙaruwar goyon baya ga Chenevix da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Mata ta Irish . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Chenevix ita ce kaɗai 'ya ga iyayenta, Henry da Sophia. Iyali ne masu jin daɗi a Kudancin Dublin <ref name=":4"/> waɗanda ba su da matsalar kuɗi domin mahaifinta shine Bishop na Cocin Ireland . Har yanzu tana zaune tare da iyayenta a gidan iyali da ke Dublin lokacin da ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Irish Suffrage tare da Bennett. Chenevix da Bennett abokai ne na dindindin, wanda hakan ya haifar da hasashen cewa ma'auratan suna da alaƙa da soyayya. [1] Yanzu ana ɗauka cewa ma'aurata ne. An ce ma'auratan wani ɓangare ne na wata ƙungiya mai tasiri ta 'yan madigo da ke zaune a Dublin. [2] Bennett ta koma gidan kusa da Chenevix, kuma sun zauna tare na tsawon lokaci tare da Chenevix tana kula da Bennett kafin ta mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a 1956. [1] A cikin littafin Pax et Libertas, Chenevix ya rubuta cewa Bennett ita ce "mace mafi kyau da aka ƙaunata a Dublin" kuma "Peace and Freedom sun kasance a nan a matsayin manufa ta biyu". [3] Chenevix ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Maris 1963. == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Louie_Bennett_and_Helen_Chenevix_seat,_St_Stephen's_Green,_Dublin.jpg|thumb|Kujerun Louie Bennett da Helen Chenevix, St Stephen's Green, Dublin]] == Manazarta == 3h8tgrijc1b96l7bubqvm9mgy3z1b8m Yana tafiya Pinkerfeld Amir 0 144019 891378 805717 2026-08-04T14:50:16Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 891378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Marissh 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Amir-Pinkerfeld |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_00993.html |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na [[Lviv|Lwów]] (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1] Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981. == Ayyuka == A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta. Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun. An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara; <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Margalit}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=uriD2AKIgAsC&pg=PA257 ''Jewish women in pre-state Israel'' on Google Books]</ref> a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 1936 |title=Mossad Bialik Prizes: Judges Report for the Prize in Fine Literature |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Search&Key=DAV/1936/01/10/4/Ar00401.xml&CollName=DAV_1935_1944&DOCID=49046&PageLabelPrint=&Skin=TAUHe&enter=true&Publication=DAV&AppName=2&Hs=advanced&AW=1273352536093&sPublication=DAV&tauLanguage=&sScopeID=DR&sSorting=Score,desc&sQuery=%u05e4%u05d9%u05e0%u05e7%u05e8%u05e4%u05dc%u05d3&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&sDateFrom=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2531%252f%2531%2539%2533%2535&sDateTo=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2535%252f%2531%2539%2534%2530&ViewMode=HTML |publisher=Davar newspaper |language=Hebrew}} </ref> * A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta. * A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashlag/Tashmab_Tashlag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashlach |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 7p9gtacnglsnxhh8wzxcm5kl57zf6qy 891379 891378 2026-08-04T14:50:42Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 891379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Maris shek 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Amir-Pinkerfeld |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_00993.html |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na [[Lviv|Lwów]] (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1] Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981. == Ayyuka == A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta. Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun. An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara; <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Margalit}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=uriD2AKIgAsC&pg=PA257 ''Jewish women in pre-state Israel'' on Google Books]</ref> a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 1936 |title=Mossad Bialik Prizes: Judges Report for the Prize in Fine Literature |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Search&Key=DAV/1936/01/10/4/Ar00401.xml&CollName=DAV_1935_1944&DOCID=49046&PageLabelPrint=&Skin=TAUHe&enter=true&Publication=DAV&AppName=2&Hs=advanced&AW=1273352536093&sPublication=DAV&tauLanguage=&sScopeID=DR&sSorting=Score,desc&sQuery=%u05e4%u05d9%u05e0%u05e7%u05e8%u05e4%u05dc%u05d3&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&sDateFrom=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2531%252f%2531%2539%2533%2535&sDateTo=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2535%252f%2531%2539%2534%2530&ViewMode=HTML |publisher=Davar newspaper |language=Hebrew}} </ref> * A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta. * A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashlag/Tashmab_Tashlag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashlach |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] jpbln5w2rksqyvt6kgiy3xuscecjw4r 891380 891379 2026-08-04T14:51:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 891380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Maris shekek 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Amir-Pinkerfeld |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_00993.html |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na [[Lviv|Lwów]] (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1] Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981. == Ayyuka == A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta. Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun. An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara; <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Margalit}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=uriD2AKIgAsC&pg=PA257 ''Jewish women in pre-state Israel'' on Google Books]</ref> a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 1936 |title=Mossad Bialik Prizes: Judges Report for the Prize in Fine Literature |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Search&Key=DAV/1936/01/10/4/Ar00401.xml&CollName=DAV_1935_1944&DOCID=49046&PageLabelPrint=&Skin=TAUHe&enter=true&Publication=DAV&AppName=2&Hs=advanced&AW=1273352536093&sPublication=DAV&tauLanguage=&sScopeID=DR&sSorting=Score,desc&sQuery=%u05e4%u05d9%u05e0%u05e7%u05e8%u05e4%u05dc%u05d3&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&sDateFrom=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2531%252f%2531%2539%2533%2535&sDateTo=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2535%252f%2531%2539%2534%2530&ViewMode=HTML |publisher=Davar newspaper |language=Hebrew}} </ref> * A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta. * A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashlag/Tashmab_Tashlag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashlach |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] sn4jneb0pybhjr6c8i74lj6rmkh6iwr 891381 891380 2026-08-04T14:52:28Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 891381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Maris shekera 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Amir-Pinkerfeld |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_00993.html |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na [[Lviv|Lwów]] (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1] Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981. == Ayyuka == A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta. Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun. An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara; <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Margalit}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=uriD2AKIgAsC&pg=PA257 ''Jewish women in pre-state Israel'' on Google Books]</ref> a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 1936 |title=Mossad Bialik Prizes: Judges Report for the Prize in Fine Literature |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Search&Key=DAV/1936/01/10/4/Ar00401.xml&CollName=DAV_1935_1944&DOCID=49046&PageLabelPrint=&Skin=TAUHe&enter=true&Publication=DAV&AppName=2&Hs=advanced&AW=1273352536093&sPublication=DAV&tauLanguage=&sScopeID=DR&sSorting=Score,desc&sQuery=%u05e4%u05d9%u05e0%u05e7%u05e8%u05e4%u05dc%u05d3&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&sDateFrom=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2531%252f%2531%2539%2533%2535&sDateTo=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2535%252f%2531%2539%2534%2530&ViewMode=HTML |publisher=Davar newspaper |language=Hebrew}} </ref> * A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta. * A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashlag/Tashmab_Tashlag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashlach |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 9rhdwi8cr1egp8z2w6p13a5sfybxkjq 891382 891381 2026-08-04T14:52:54Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 891382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anda Pinkerfeld Amir (Ibraniyawa; 26 Yuni 1902 - 27 Maris shekera ta 1981) mawaki ne kuma marubucin Isra'ila. An fi tunawa da ita a Isra'ila a matsayin marubuciyar yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anda Pinkerfeld a Rzeszów, Poland a cikin 1902. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin gine-gine ga gwamnatin Austro-Hungary. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Amir-Pinkerfeld |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0002_0_00993.html |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> Iyalinta ba su da addini, kuma ba su ba da ilimin Yahudawa ba. Bayan pogrom na [[Lviv|Lwów]] (1918), ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair kuma ta sauya makarantu zuwa gidan motsa jiki na Yahudawa a Lwów. A shekara ta 1920 ta tafi Mandate Palestine tare da ƙungiyar Hashomer Hatzair, amma daga baya ta koma Lvov, don BA. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Arieh Krampner-Amir, masanin noma. A shekara ta 1924, ma'auratan sun koma Falasdinu. Bayan sun zauna a Kibbutz Bet Alfa da [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]], daga ƙarshe sun zauna a Kiryat Anavim kuma suna da 'yar, Zippor da ɗa, Amos . Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Hukumar Yahudawa ta tura Pinkerfeld-Amir zuwa aiki a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Jamus. Pinkerfeld-Amir ta ci gaba da rubuta abubuwan da ta samu a Turai. Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin tarihin Ma'aikatar Tsaro, tana adana bayanan sojoji da suka fadi a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1948. [1] Pinkerfeld-Amir ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Maris 1981. == Ayyuka == A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Pinkerfeld-Amir ta rubuta kuma ta buga waka a yaren Poland. Bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, Uri Zvi Greenberg ya rinjaye ta kuma ta fara rubutu a Ibrananci. An buga aikinta na farko a cikin Ibrananci a cikin 1928 a ƙarƙashin sunan alkalami Bat-Hedva, ma'ana 'yar Hedva, sunan Ibrananci na mahaifiyarta. Ta rubuta hotuna da yawa na haruffa na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, amma bayan abubuwan da ta samu a sansanonin a Jamus, aikinta ya zama mai son kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin marubutan farko da suka magance [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]], lokacin da yawancin marubutan suka guje wa batun. An rubuta aikin da aka fi tunawa da ita ga yara; <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Margalit}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=uriD2AKIgAsC&pg=PA257 ''Jewish women in pre-state Israel'' on Google Books]</ref> a cikin rhyme da lyrics, da kuma rubuce-rubuce masu tsanani da ke taimaka wa yara su magance asarar. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 1936, ta sami kyautar Cibiyar Bialik don littafinta na waƙoƙin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 1936 |title=Mossad Bialik Prizes: Judges Report for the Prize in Fine Literature |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Search&Key=DAV/1936/01/10/4/Ar00401.xml&CollName=DAV_1935_1944&DOCID=49046&PageLabelPrint=&Skin=TAUHe&enter=true&Publication=DAV&AppName=2&Hs=advanced&AW=1273352536093&sPublication=DAV&tauLanguage=&sScopeID=DR&sSorting=Score,desc&sQuery=%u05e4%u05d9%u05e0%u05e7%u05e8%u05e4%u05dc%u05d3&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&sDateFrom=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2531%252f%2531%2539%2533%2535&sDateTo=%2530%2535%252f%2530%2535%252f%2531%2539%2534%2530&ViewMode=HTML |publisher=Davar newspaper |language=Hebrew}} </ref> * A shekara ta 1971, an ba ta kyautar Hayim Greenberg don waƙarta. * A shekara ta 1978, ta sami lambar yabo ta Isra'ila, don wallafe-wallafen yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Prize recipients in 1978 (in Hebrew) |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/PrasIsrael/Tashlag/Tashmab_Tashlag_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashlach |publisher=Israel Prize Official Site}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] 53q885lsbxtmwjiykgl5cu3m3x1xndn Gerda Grepp 0 144434 891530 806829 2026-08-04T22:45:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerda Johanne Helland Grepp''' (26 ga Mayu 1907 - 29 ga Agusta 1940) ta kasance mai fassara ta ƙasar Norway, 'yar jarida, kuma mai zaman kanta. Ita ce 'yar tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Labour Party ta Norway Kyrre Grepp da kuma 'yar jarida Rachel Grepp . <ref name="tusen-reporter">{{Cite book|last3=Jo Stein Moen|last2=Rolf Sæther}}</ref><ref name="evensmo-inn">{{Cite book|last3=Sigurd Evensmo}}</ref> Ta auri Mario Mascarin, ɗan Italiya-Switzerland, mai yin tukwane (1901–66). Sun haifi ɗa namiji Olav Kyrre (Ping) Grepp da kuma 'ya mace, Solveig Marie Alexandra "Sacha" Grepp. An sanya wa 'yar suna bayan abokiyar danginta Alexandra Kollontai . == Yaƙin Basasa na Spain == Grepp ta yi rahoto game da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a matsayin mai ba da rahoto ga jaridar Jam'iyyar Labour ta Arbeiderbladet daga 1936. Ta isa Barcelona a watan Oktoban 1936, a matsayin mace ta farko da ta aiko da rahoto daga Scandinavia. [1] Ta yi tafiya zuwa Madrid, inda ta fuskanci hare-haren bama-bamai a birnin. Tare da Ludwig Renn ta tuka mota zuwa sansanin Toledo . [1] A lokacin tafiye-tafiyenta, ita ma kawarta André Malraux ta raka ta. [2] Yayin da take Spain, Grepp ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga sauran 'yan Norway. [2] Grepp da sauran 'yan jaridar Norway a Spain, kamar Nordahl Grieg da [[Nini Haslund Gleditsch|Nini Gleditsch]], sun nuna goyon baya ga manufar Republican a yakin. Gleditsch da Grepp sun taimaka wajen shirya wani gagarumin aikin agaji ga Spain, wanda ya dogara ne akan ƙungiyar kwadago ta Norway. <ref>{{Cite book|last2=Stein Tønnesson}}</ref> A cewar farfesa Rune Ottosen, an yi wa Grepp da Birgit Nissen alama da "alkalami mai kaifi a kan ci gaban mulkin kama-karya". <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Rune Ottosen}}</ref> A watan Janairu da Fabrairun 1937, ta ziyarci [[Malaga|Málaga]], tare da ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Hungary kuma ɗan jarida na jaridar jaridar Burtaniya ta ''News Chronicle'', Arthur Koestler . <ref name="evensmo-inn"/> Ita da Koestler sun nemi mafaka tare da Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell mai shekaru 72, wanda ya zauna a Málaga "don kare gidansa da bayinsa" yayin da 'yan ƙasarsa suka gudu zuwa Gibraltar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2019 |title=Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, ''My House in Málaga'', (1938), London, The Clapton Press |url=https://theclaptonpress.com/my-house-in-malaga-by-sir-peter-chalmers-mitchell/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128130532/https://theclaptonpress.com/my-house-in-malaga-by-sir-peter-chalmers-mitchell/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin yaƙin Málaga, da kyar ta tsira daga sojojin Nationalist da suka kai hari. Grepp ya bar Málaga a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, yayin da Koestler har yanzu yana cikin birnin. A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, sojojin Italiya suka mamaye birnin. An kama Koestler, aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa a matsayin ɗan leƙen asiri, aka kuma sanya shi a cikin ɗakin mutuwa a [[Sevilla]] . Duk da haka, bayan matsin lamba daga ƙasashen duniya, an sake shi daga tsarewa. An rubuta wannan labarin dalla-dalla a cikin tarihin Sir Peter, wanda The Clapton Press ta sake bugawa kwanan nan. <ref name="tusen-malaga" /> Daga watan Mayun 1937, Grepp ya yi makonni da yawa a Basque Country . Ta ziyarci layin tsaron rundunar sojojin Basque ta Republican da ake kira Iron Belt, kuma ta fuskanci Yaƙin Bilbao . Grepp ta kan samu kanta cikin mawuyacin hali yayin da take Spain. <ref name="dags" /> A lokacin da take Spain Grepp tana fama da [[Tarin fuka|cutar tarin fuka]] . Daga ƙarshe rashin lafiyarta ya tilasta mata barin yankin yaƙi ta koma Norway. == Mutuwa da gado == Gerda Grepp ta mutu sakamakon tarin fuka a ƙasar Norway da Jamus ta mamaye a ranar 29 ga Agusta 1940, tana da shekaru 33. An binne ta a Vestre gravlund da ke Oslo. Tun daga lokacin an manta da ayyukan Grepp sosai, a maimakon haka, ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin 'yar jaridarta Lise Lindbæk a matsayin mace ta farko da ta zama wakiliyar yaƙi a Norway. An buga tarihin rayuwar Grepp, wanda Elisabeth Vislie ta rubuta, a shekarar 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1907]] 3ylzybreq5q1to6p2tr91uqa6redxei Frances Ogamba 0 145374 891455 826846 2026-08-04T19:22:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frances Ogamba''' marubuciya ce ta gajeren labari a Najeriya. A cikin 2019, wani labari na Ogamba "The Valley of Memories", yana bincika hanyar da mace ke jin alaƙar jiki tare da kawunta da ya mutu, [1] ya lashe kyautar Koffi Addo don Creative Nonfiction. [2] Ta ɗan gajeren labarinta "Ghana Boy", wanda ke mai da hankali kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin wani saurayi da ɗan'uwansa shugaban ƙungiyar, an kuma sanya shi cikin jerin sunayen gajeren Labarin Writivism na 2019. [3][4][5] A cikin 2020, labarinta "Matar Mijin" ita ce ta lashe kyautar Kalahari Short Story Prize ta Turanci.[6] Ogamba tana zaune a Port Harcourt, inda take aiki a matsayin mai haɓaka abun ciki. == Ayyuka == * Kira Ita Babu Wanda, Kwarewar Littattafai * [https://afreecanread.com/nonfiction/the-valley-of-memories/ Kwarin Tunawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312032912/https://afreecanread.com/nonfiction/the-valley-of-memories/ |date=2024-03-12 }}, Afreecan ya karanta. * An samo asali ne daga YNaija, 2016. * [https://www.greatweatherformedia.com/birds-fall-silent-in-the-mechanical-sea/ Kakan wanda Shugabansa bai dace ba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312031410/https://www.greatweatherformedia.com/birds-fall-silent-in-the-mechanical-sea/ |date=2024-03-12 }}, yanayi mai kyau ga Media. * [https://kalaharireview.com/the-valley-of-memories-8c7c06fd29aa Binciken kwarin tunawa], fasaha da Afirka, 20 ga Mayu 2019. * [https://munyori.org/fiction/ghana-boy-by-frances-ogamba/ Ghana Boy], Munyori Literary Journal, 20 ga Mayu 2019. * Hues of Perfection, Jalada, 14 Disamba 2019. * [http://www.rewritereads.com/issue-1/tree-people/ Mutanen Itace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207183043/http://www.rewritereads.com/issue-1/tree-people/ |date=2023-02-07 }} An adana su 2023-02-07 a , Rewrite Reads, Fitowa 1, Nuwamba 2020. * "Matar Mijina", 2020. * Love for Ashes, The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Janairu 2021. * Kamar Babban Jiki na Haske An adana shi 2024-03-12 a , Chestnut Review, Fabrairu, 2021. * Dole ne a karanta gajeren labari mai ban mamaki don Fabrairu 2021 TOR. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] * Binciken da aka gano Temz * Water Child The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Mayu 2021. * The Urn The Dark Magazine, 1 Yuni 2021. * Factory Baby Yabaleft Review, 24 ga Yuli 2021. * The Hide's Effect, The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Oktoba 2021. * A karkashin Sentinel's Watch, Lolwe, Nuwamba, 2021. * The Kings Street Barbers An adana su 2023-02-05 a , Dgeku, Janairu 2022. * A kan Brink, Midnight & Indigo, Maris 2022. * [https://www.amazon.com/Cold-Christmas-Darkest-Winters-ebook/dp/B09DTN9STX/ref/ Ga Ibiso], Cinnabar Moth. * [https://www.thedarkmagazine.com/master-of-ceremonies/ Jagoran bukukuwan], The Dark Magazine, 1 ga Mayu 2022. * [https://www.neworleansreview.org/reaching-for-ijenu/ Zuwa ga Ijenu], New Orleans Review, Spring / Summer 2022 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 19pgw0iyfboaow0064jolbnnz1bj6k9 Frances Cleveland Axtell 0 147139 891454 816576 2026-08-04T19:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Frances Sevilla Cleveland Axtell''' (12 ga Yuni, 1866 - 27 ga Mayu, 1953) 'yar Amurka ce mai kula da kulob, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, 'yar siyasa, kuma jami'ar tarayya. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokoki mata na farko a Amurka, waɗanda aka zaɓa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Washington a 1912. Ta kasance memba na Hukumar Diyya ta Ma'aikata ta Tarayya a lokacin gwamnatin Wilson . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Cleveland a Sterling, Illinois, 'yar William A. Cleveland da Mary Humaston Cleveland. Mahaifinta manomi ne kuma mai tara dabbobi. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Axtell, Frances (1866-1953) |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/9625 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=History Link}}</ref> Axtell ta sami digirin farko ( Ph.B. ) a shekarar 1889 da digirin masters a shekarar 1892, duka a Jami'ar DePauw da ke Indiana, inda ta kasance memba na Kappa Alpha Theta . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Thetas |url=https://www.kappaalphatheta.org/heritage/notable-thetas |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Kappa Alpha Theta |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 1917 |title=Thetas We Honor: Mrs. W. H. Axtell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_ISAAAAIAAJ&dq=Frances+Cleveland+Axtell&pg=PA21 |journal=Kappa Alpha Theta |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=21–22}}</ref> == Sana'a == Cleveland ta koyar da Latin da lissafi a Makarantar Normal ta Arewa maso Yamma tun tana ƙarama. Ta koma Bellingham, Washington, wacce a lokacin ake kira New Whatcom, tare da mijinta da ƙananan 'ya'ya mata biyu a 1894. <ref name=":0"/> Ita ce shugabar farko ta ƙungiyar Hadin Kan Mata ta New Whatcom, kuma memba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Aftermath Club ta birnin. Ta yi takarar gundumar makaranta a Bellingham ba tare da nasara ba a 1897, kuma ta yi aiki don zaɓen mata a jihar Washington. <ref name=":0" /> Ta yi takarar neman tikitin jam'iyyar Republican, tare da mawakiya Ella Rhoads Higginson a matsayin manajan kamfen ɗinta, An zaɓi Axtell a Gundumar 54 ta Majalisar Wakilai ta Washington wacce ke wakiltar Bellingham a shekarar 1912. <ref name=":0"/> Axtell ta kasance mai fafutukar neman mafi ƙarancin albashi, hana [[Dokokin aiki na yara a Amurka|aikin yara]], diyya ga ma'aikata, da fansho ga tsofaffi, nakasassu, da zawarawa. Ta kuma taimaka wajen sauya fannoni na dokokin laifuka, musamman cin zarafi mai tsanani. Axtell ta kusa zama sanata a Amurka a shekarar 1916, inda ta sha kaye da ƙuri'u kusan dubu uku. Alaƙarta da ɗan'uwanta Frederick, wanda ya yi aiki a gwamnatin Shugaba William Howard Taft, tare da tallata yunƙurinta na 1916 a matsayin sanata, ya jawo hankalin Shugaba Woodrow Wilson . A ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1917, Shugaba Wilson ya naɗa ta a Hukumar Diyya ta Ma'aikata ta Tarayya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=H. J. |date=1917 |title=Newer Federal Commissions |journal=The American Political Science Review |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=376–378 |doi=10.2307/1944009 |jstor=1944009 |s2cid=145122351 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata mafiya matsayi a gwamnatin Wilson. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar daga 1918 zuwa 1921. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Axtell, Frances (1866-1953) |url=https://www.historylink.org/File/9625 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=History Link}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.historylink.org/File/9625 "Axtell, Frances (1866-1953)"]. ''History Link''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1917, ta yi jawabi a taron ƙasa na Ƙungiyar Matan Amurka Masu Zaɓe (NAWSA). Bayan wa'adin aikinta a Washington, DC ya ƙare, Axtell ta koma Jihar Washington, ta kuma sake tsayawa takarar kujerar Sanata a 1922, kuma ba tare da samun nasara ba. Daga kimanin 1930 zuwa 1936, ta kasance Mai Kula da Fansho na Uwaye kuma jami'in gwaji a Bellingham. [2] Ta koma Seattle a 1944, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a kulab da ayyukan coci. == Rayuwar mutum da gado == Cleveland ta auri likita William Henry Axtell a shekarar 1891. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Ruth Axtell (née Burnett), an haife ta a shekarar 1892, da kuma Helen "Grace" Frances Axtell, an haife ta a shekarar 1901. Ta mutu a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1953, a Seattle. <ref name=":0"/> Gidanta da ke Bellingham, wanda aka fi sani da Axtell House, an raba shi zuwa gidaje a shekarunta na ƙarshe, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wurin tarihi a birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Axtell House |url=https://cob.org/services/planning/historic/buildings/axtell-house |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=City of Bellingham |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102041325/https://cob.org/services/planning/historic/buildings/axtell-house |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alden |first=Charlotte |date=2022-08-17 |title=What's the Deal With: The Axtell House? |url=https://www.cascadiadaily.com/2022/aug/17/whats-the-deal-with-the-axtell-house/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Cascadia Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == menq7d2aak68y3tvw3fm4exqes291w0 Georgia Amoore 0 147827 891528 819713 2026-08-04T22:32:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgia Lee Amoore''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2001) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ce ta Australiya a ƙungiyar Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Ta buga ƙwallon kwando ta kwaleji a ƙungiyar Virginia Tech Hokies da Kentucky Wildcats . An zaɓe ta a matsayi na shida a gasar WNBA ta 2025 . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Amoore, 'yar asalin Ballarat, Victoria, ta girma tana buga wasanni da dama, ciki har da ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙa'idojin Australiya, kafin ta mai da hankali kan ƙwallon kwando tun tana 'yar shekara 17. <ref name="berman">{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Mark |date=8 March 2023 |title=Choosing basketball pays off for Aussie Georgia Amoore of Virginia Tech |url=https://roanoke.com/sports/college/va_tech/choosing-basketball-pays-off-for-aussie-georgia-amoore-of-virginia-tech/article_37159a54-bd27-11ed-981a-773dedd7fbdc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311001857/https://roanoke.com/sports/college/va_tech/choosing-basketball-pays-off-for-aussie-georgia-amoore-of-virginia-tech/article_37159a54-bd27-11ed-981a-773dedd7fbdc.html |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Roanoke Times]]}}</ref> Ta halarci [[Kwalejin Loreto, Victoria|Kwalejin Loreto]] <ref name="hokiesports-bio">{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore – Women's Basketball |url=https://hokiesports.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/georgia-amoore/12477 |access-date=9 July 2023 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> kuma ta fafata da ƙungiyarta ta jihar Victoria Country a matakin matasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wildes |first=Hayley |date=16 March 2023 |title=From Ballarat to Virginia Tech, Georgia Amoore's star is shining bright |url=https://pickandroll.com.au/p/from-ballarat-to-virginia-tech-georgia |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=The Pick and Roll}}</ref> Amoore ta buga wa Ballarat Rush wasa a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Kudu maso Gabashin Australiya (SEABL) a 2017 da 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore - Player Statistics SEABL |url=https://websites.mygameday.app/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=203024982&client=0-3363-36749-478981-9968499 |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=GameDay |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta buga wa Rush, wacce yanzu take cikin NBL1, wasa a kakar wasa ta 2019 kuma ta samu matsakaicin maki 11.2, bugun ƙwallo 2.6 da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.2 a wasanni 18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=Georgia Amoore commits to Virginia Tech |url=https://pickandroll.com.au/p/georgia-amoore-commits-to-virginia-tech |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=The Pick and Roll}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A matsayinta na ɗalibi a Virginia Tech, Amoore ta sami matsakaicin maki 11.8 da kuma taimako 4.6 a kowane wasa, kuma ta kasance cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). A kakar wasa ta biyu, ta sami matsakaicin maki 11.2 da taimako 4.4 a kowane wasa, wanda hakan ya sa aka ambaci All-ACC a matsayin abin girmamawa. <ref name="berman"/> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2022, Amoore ta sami maki uku-biyu na farko a tarihin shirin, tare da maki 24, taimako 11 da kuma sake dawowa 10 a wasan da suka yi nasara da Nebraska da ci 85-54. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Vince |date=1 December 2022 |title=Women's college basketball roundup: Amoore posts first triple-double in Virginia Tech history |url=https://richmond.com/sports/womens-college-basketball-roundup-amoore-posts-first-triple-double-in-virginia-tech-history/article_e5efadcd-9bb6-5932-9ac3-9bf45e3af68d.html |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=1 March 2023 |title='I'd be very surprised if she didn't get a shot in the WNBA': ACC team-of-the-year honours for Georgia Amoore |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8104188/id-be-very-surprised-if-she-didnt-get-a-shot-in-the-wnba-amoore-earns-acc-honours/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> Amoore ta jagoranci Virginia Tech zuwa gasar ACC ta farko a 2023, inda aka naɗa ta MVP kuma ta sami rikodin gasar da maki uku-biyu 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=5 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore crowned tournament MVP as Hokies clinch ACC title |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8108820/amoore-crowned-tournament-mvp-as-hokies-clinch-acc-title/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa ƙungiyarta ta sami maki ɗaya a gasar NCAA ta 2023, kuma a zagaye na farko, ta zarce rikodin shirin na kakar wasa ɗaya don maki uku-biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=20 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore's incredible year rolls into March Madness |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8127139/amoores-incredible-year-rolls-into-march-madness/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Amoore makes history in Tech's 58-33 win over Chattanooga |url=https://hokiesports.com/news/2023/3/17/virginia-tech-womens-basketball-game-recap-chattanooga-ncaa-tournament-first-round |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Sweet 16, Amoore ta zira kwallaye mafi yawa a kakar wasa da maki 29 a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Tennessee da ci 73-64, wanda ya taimaka wa Hokies su kai ga wasansu na farko na Elite Eight. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philippou |first=Alexa |date=25 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore leads surging Virginia Tech into Elite 8 |url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/story/_/id/35951907/georgia-amoore-leads-surging-virginia-tech-elite-8 |access-date=9 July 2023 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> An nada ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi fice a Seattle 3 Regional. A wasan karshe na hudu, Amoore ta zira kwallaye 17 kuma ta zarce tarihin samun kwallaye uku a gasar NCAA guda daya a rashin nasara da ta yi da LSU da ci 79-72. A matsayinta na 'yar aji uku, Amoore ta samu matsakaicin maki 16.3, taimakawa 4.9 da kuma sake dawowa sau uku a kowane wasa. Ta zo ta biyu a NCAA Division I bayan Caitlin Clark a wasanni uku da ta yi. <ref name="hokiesports-bio"/> A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2023, Amoore ta zira kwallaye 10 kuma ta samu nasarar taimakawa 16 a wasanni 105-36 a kan Houston Christian . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Writing HERstory: Amoore sets program record with 16 assists |url=https://hokiesports.com/news/2023/11/17/virginia-tech-womens-basketball-writing-herstory-amoore-sets-a-program-record-of-16-assists.aspx |access-date=11 February 2024 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2024, Amoore ya zama shugaban taimakawa 'yan wasa a tarihin kwallon kwando na Virginia Tech. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A watan Afrilun 2024, Amoore ta koma Kentucky don sake haɗuwa da kocinta Kenny Brooks . Amoore ta cancanci bayyana shiga gasar WNBA amma kuma tana da sauran kakar wasa ta biyar kuma ta ƙarshe ta cancantar shiga jami'a, yayin da NCAA ta ba wa ɗaliban 'yan wasa izinin ƙarin shekara ta gasa a lokacin annobar COVID-19. [1] A kakar wasa ta NCAA ta 2024–25, ta fara wasanni 31 ga Wildcats kuma ta sami matsakaicin maki 19.6 a kowane wasa == Sana'ar ƙwararru == A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2025, an zaɓi Amoore da ɗan wasa na shida a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WNBA na 2025 ta hannun Washington Mystics . Kasa da mako guda da fara horo, Amoore ya ji rauni a ACL kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga shiga gasar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zucker |first=Joseph |date=10 May 2025 |title=Mystics' Georgia Amoore Out For WNBA Rookie Season With ACL Injury |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/25194526-mystics-georgia-amoore-out-wnba-rookie-season-acl-injury |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=bleacherreport.com |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == Amoore ta lashe lambar zinare tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta ƙasar Australiya a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta FIBA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Asiya ta 2017 a Indiya. Ta sami maki 10, bugun ƙwallo huɗu da kuma taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye biyu a wasan ƙarshe da ta doke Japan da ci 61-60. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore, Australia claim the FIBA U16 Women's Asian Championship |url=https://www.ballaratbasketball.com/georgia-amoore-australia-claim-the-fiba-u16-womens-asian-championship/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=Ballarat Basketball }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amoore ta taka leda a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta FIBA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a Belarus, inda ta taimaka wa ƙungiyarta ta lashe lambar tagulla. <ref name="berman"/> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] ===manazarta=== t44p88sn02v6ri43vivu3yh9l6jm7yy Gaba Kulka 0 148266 891476 858560 2026-08-04T20:52:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gabriela Konstancja Kulka-Stajewska''' ('''Gaba Kulka''', an haife ta a 1979 a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], [[Poland]]) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce mai zaman kanta ta Poland, marubuciya, kuma [[Yin zane-zane|mai wasan kwaikwayo]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == Gabriela Kulka ta fito ne daga dangin mawaƙa; mahaifinta dan wasan violin ne kuma farfesa a Poland. Ta dauki shekaru takwas na darussan violin na gargajiya amma daga baya ta yi amfani da piano. Kundin sa na farko, "Tsakanin Miss Scylla da Hard Place" (2003) da "Out" (2006), an samar da su da kansu. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga tarin murfin "Songs for Wolf," tare da masu fasaha ciki har da Björk, Ozzy Osbourne, Neil Diamond, [[Stevie Nicks]] da The Church). A shekara ta 2009, babban lakabin Mystic Production ne ya fitar da kundi na uku, "Hat, Rabbit". Kundin ya sami matsayi na zinariya a Poland, kuma an buga waƙoƙin "Niejasności," "Kara Niny," da "Got a Song" a madadin tashoshin rediyo. A wannan shekarar, ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Poland Konrad Kucz a kan kundin "Sleepwalk . " == Hanyar kiɗa == A cikin shekaru bakwai na rubuce-rubuce da rikodin, Gabriela Kulka ta haɓaka salon da ya bambanta wanda ya haɗu da abubuwa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na duhu tare da shirye-shiryen tasirin jazz da kuma jaddada waƙoƙi, waƙoƙin da ba a saba da su ba. Ayyukanta suna nuna tasirin Danny Elfman da Kate Bush, kuma suna nuna tushe na salon a cikin kiɗa na gargajiya, jazz, da al'adun gargajiya. Mawakan da ta ambata a matsayin waɗanda suka fi burge ta su ne, da farko kuma babu shakka - Kate Bush da Tori Amos, amma kuma Peter Gabriel, Kurt Weill, Danny Elfman, The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo, Chroma Key, Queen, ABBA, Bruce Dickinson, Iron Maiden (waɗanda take rera waƙoƙinsu kai tsaye) da kuma [[Madonna]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}}. == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kayan solo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayanan kundin ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Takaddun shaida |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |POL<ref name="pol">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=671&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=547&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx2">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=623&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx3">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=510&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx4">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=838&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><ref name="onyx5">{{Cite web |title=Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart |url=http://olis.onyx.pl/listy/index.asp?idlisty=886&lang=en |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=olis.onyx.pl}}</ref><br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Daga waje'' | * An saki shi: Nuwamba 12, 2007 <ref name="interia">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Out - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gabriela-kulka-out,222384 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Alamar: Eblok * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple">{{Cite web |date=October 2009 |title=Out by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/out/484061567 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |47 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Hatsar, Rabbit'' | * An saki shi: Mayu 4, 2009 <ref name="interia2">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Hat, Rabbit - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-hat-rabbit,254452 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl |archive-date=2013-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404025422/http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-hat-rabbit,254452 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple2">{{Cite web |date=September 2009 |title=Hat, Rabbit by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/hat-rabbit/484052133 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |7 | * POL: 15,000+ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video |url=http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/regulamin.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714000448/http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/regulamin.php |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=2014-08-21}}</ref> | * POL: Zinariya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video |url=http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603082637/http://www.zpav.pl/rankingi/wyroznienia/zlote/index.php |archive-date=2013-06-03 |access-date=2014-01-08}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Wersje'' | * An saki shi: Nuwamba 4, 2013 <ref name="interia3">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Wersje - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-wersje,377383 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl |archive-date=2014-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916154131/http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/gaba-kulka-wersje,377383 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple3">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2013 |title=Wersje (Bonus Tracks) by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/wersje-bonus-tracks/727737549 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |25 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Mai tserewa'' | * An saki: Satumba 8, 2014 <ref name="mystic">{{Cite web |title=Aktualności - GABA KULKA nowy album "The Escapist" już 8 września! - Wytwórnia płytowa - Mystic Production |url=http://www.mystic.pl/aktualnosci,gaba_kulka_nowy_album_the_escapist_juz_8_wrzesnia,1545.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610084458/http://www.mystic.pl/aktualnosci,gaba_kulka_nowy_album_the_escapist_juz_8_wrzesnia,1545.htm |archive-date=2016-06-10 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=mystic.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref name="apple4">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2014 |title=The Escapist by Gaba Kulka on iTunes |url=https://music.apple.com/pl/album/the-escapist/908701009 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |9 | | |- ! scope="row" |''Ƙarƙashin'' | * An saki shi: Satumba 6, 2016 * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital | - | | |- | colspan="20" style="font-size:90%" |" - " yana nuna rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a saki shi a wannan yankin ba. |} === Kayan haɗin gwiwa === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayanan kundin ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |POL <ref name="pol"/><br /> |- ! scope="row" |Sleepwalk (tare da Konrad Kucz) | * An saki shi: 26 ga Oktoba, 2009 <ref name="interia4">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Sleepwalk - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/kuczkulka-sleepwalk,262761 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Alamar: Jazzboy Records * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital <ref>{{Cite web |title=ITunes - Music - Sleepwalk by Kucz/Kulka |url=https://itunes.apple.com/pl/album/sleepwalk/id579365917 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916193952/https://itunes.apple.com/pl/album/sleepwalk/id579365917 |archive-date=2014-09-16 |access-date=2014-08-26 |website=[[iTunes]]}}</ref> |11 |- ! scope="row" |''Rebeka ya yi tafiya a cikin kolację''<br /> (tare da Młynarski Plays Młynski) | * An saki shi: Oktoba 10, 2010 * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD |14 |- ! scope="row" |''Baaba Kulka'' (tare da Baaba) | * An saki shi: Maris 21, 2011 <ref name="interia5">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Baaba Kulka - Muzyka w Interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/plyty/plyta/baaba-kulka-baaba-kulka,296511 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: CD |14 |- | colspan="20" style="font-size:90%" |" - " yana nuna rikodin da ba a tsara shi ba ko kuma ba a saki shi a wannan yankin ba. |} === Kayan bidiyo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:15em;" |Taken ! scope="col" |Bayanan kundin |- ! scope="row" |''Rabbit mai rai'' | * An saki shi: 26 ga Nuwamba, 2010 <ref name="interia6">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka koncertowo: Wzloty i upadki na DVD - muzyka.interia.pl |url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/alternatywa/news/gaba-kulka-koncertowo-wzloty-i-upadki-na-dvd,1555200,45 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712015005/http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/alternatywa/news/gaba-kulka-koncertowo-wzloty-i-upadki-na-dvd,1555200,45 |archive-date=2012-07-12 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}</ref> * Alamar: Mystic Production * Tsarin: DVD |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Jagora !Album !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |"Niejasności" |{{Center|—}} |''Hatsar, Rabbit'' |<ref name="youtube">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka &quot;Niejasności&quot; - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRwNkrUCcvo |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106030738/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRwNkrUCcvo |archive-date=2016-01-06 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com }}</ref> |- |"Ka sami Waƙar" (tare da Konrad Kucz) |Filip Kovcin |''Gudun Barci'' |<ref name="youtube2">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka i Konrad Kucz - Kucz/Kulka &quot;Got a Song&quot; (oficjalny teledysk) - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpgdJCDaX2Y |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308043601/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpgdJCDaX2Y |archive-date=2016-03-08 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com }}</ref> |- |2014 |"Wielkie ta rufe" |Hemmingsen mai hauka |''Mai tserewa'' |<ref name="youtube3">{{Cite web |title=Gaba Kulka - Wielkie Wrażenie - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk4RgHmTFwQ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411052109/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fk4RgHmTFwQ |archive-date=2016-04-11 |access-date=2016-05-17 |publisher=youtube.com }}</ref> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 90vn5097nly5eoz1funne951ae324l2 Hibaaq Osman 0 148421 891656 859170 2026-08-05T10:46:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891656 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Hibaaq Osman''' ([[Somali people|Somaliya]]_language" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Somali language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Somali: Hibaaq Cismaan, Larabci: هيباق عثمان) masanin siyasa ne na duniya na Somalia. Ta kafa kuma tana aiki a matsayin Shugaban ThinkTank na Mata Larabawa, Asusun Daraja, El-Karama, da Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Shirye-sauyen Mata. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Osman ne a [[Somaliya]] . Ta yi karatu a cikin gida, da kuma [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Sudan]], da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="Haasbod"/> Ta kuma zauna kuma ta yi aiki a [[Yemen]].<ref name="Rhowiim" /> == Ayyuka == === Asusun Zaman Lafiya === Osman yana da ƙwarewa mai yawa yana aiki tare da jama'a. Tun daga shekara ta 1992, ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Sadarwa don Asusun Zaman Lafiya.<ref name="Gmrtbapmf">{{Cite web |title=Mary Robinson to be Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/impact/news/45-2009/1271-mary-robinson-to-be-awarded-presidential-medal-of-freedom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531185137/http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/impact/news/45-2009/1271-mary-robinson-to-be-awarded-presidential-medal-of-freedom |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=23 April 2014 |publisher=Global Fund for Women}}</ref><ref name="Cspho">{{Cite web |title=Hibaaq Osman |url=http://www.c-span.org/person/?hibaaqosman |access-date=17 June 2014 |publisher=C-SPAN}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance Shugabar Cibiyar Ci gaban Mata da Yara ta Somaliya da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], wacce aka kafa a matsayin kamfani daga baya a wannan shekarar. === El-Karama === Osman a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin wakilin musamman a Afirka don V-Day, yunkurin duniya don dakatar da tashin hankali ga mata da 'yan mata.<ref name="Tmfho">{{Cite web |title=Hibaaq Osman |url=http://themuslim500.com/profile/hibaaq-osman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531182709/http://themuslim500.com/profile/hibaaq-osman |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=31 May 2014 |publisher=The Muslim 500}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2002 ta jagoranci ayyukan kungiyar a Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya. Don wannan dalili, Osman ya jagoranci wakilai don kafa hadin gwiwar bangarori da yawa tare da mata masu gwagwarmaya a Masar, Sudan, [[Tunisiya]], Morocco, [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Indiya]], [[Tailan|Thailand]] da Koriya.<ref name="Haasbod"/> A shekara ta 2005, ta kafa shirin El-Karama a cikin V-Day, tana aiki a matsayin Shugaba.<ref name="Haasbod">{{Cite web |title=Africa Action Staff and Board of Directors |url=http://www.africaaction.org/about/staff.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201111312/http://www.africaaction.org/about/staff.php |archive-date=February 1, 2008 |access-date=17 June 2014 |publisher=Africa Action}}</ref><ref name="Acowho">{{Cite web |title=Hibaaq Osman – WOMAN of ACTION |url=https://acelebrationofwomen.org/2014/01/hibaaq-osman-woman-of-action/ |access-date=17 June 2014 |publisher=A Celebration of Women |archive-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625112550/http://acelebrationofwomen.org/2014/01/hibaaq-osman-woman-of-action/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba tana aiki don kare haƙƙin mata a Duniyar Larabawa.<ref name="Tmfho"/> Hedikwatar ta a Alkahira, tana da ingantaccen cibiyar sadarwa da ta mamaye kasashe goma sha huɗu a yankin MENA, gami da Somaliya. <ref name="Acowho" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=El-KARAMA |url=https://www.ngoadvisor.net/ong/el-karama |publisher=NGOAdvisor }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> El-Karama tana aiki tare da talakawa, shugabannin al'umma, 'yan siyasa,' yan majalisa, masu fafutuka da matasa masu ilimi da sauransu don tallafawa ci gaban mata gaba ɗaya, kariya da tsaro, da kuma sokewa ko sake fasalin duk wata ƙa'ida da ayyukan nuna bambanci. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kungiyar ta yi tasiri a fannoni daban-daban, gami da gina iyawa, musayar ilimi da kuma bayar da shawarwari. El-Karama ya kuma yi tasiri a kan tsarin kasa, yanki da na kasa da kasa. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran hukumomin kasa da kasa sun ba da shawarwari da yawa na hukuma, da kuma karɓa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki da sabon tsarin mulki.<ref name="Acowho" /> Ta hanyar shirin, Osman ta ƙaddamar da dandalin mata na Libya don zaman lafiya a cikin 2011 da kuma taron mata na Siriya don zaman lafiya na shekara mai zuwa. Ta kuma shiga cikin taron Norwegian Forum for Women and Development (FOKUS Kvinner) 's No Women, No Peace! kamfen a cikin 2013. <ref name="Sdhoaamg">{{Cite web |title=6th December: Hibaaq Osman and Ana Milena Gonzalez |url=http://www.fokuskvinner.no/en/Frontpage-EN/16-Days-of-action-2011/6th-December/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140617231652/http://www.fokuskvinner.no/en/Frontpage-EN/16-Days-of-action-2011/6th-December/ |archive-date=17 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |publisher=Fokus}}</ref> El-Karama tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da Asusun MDG3 na Inter Press Service (IPS), wanda Ma'aikatar Dutch ta kafa don Haɗin Kai.<ref name="Hoysmwier">{{Cite web |title=Hibaaq Osman on Youth, Social Media, and Women in the Egyptian Revolution |url=http://www.ips.org/mdg3/hibaaq-osman-on-youth-social-media-and-women-in-the-egyptian-revolution/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219005024/http://www.ips.org/mdg3/hibaaq-osman-on-youth-social-media-and-women-in-the-egyptian-revolution/ |archive-date=19 February 2015 |access-date=17 June 2014 |publisher=IPS MDG3}}</ref> === Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Shirye-sauyen Mata === Bugu da ƙari, Osman ita ce ta kafa kuma Darakta na Cibiyar Shirye-shiryen Mata (CSIW). Ta hanyar kungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba, ta yi kira ga dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma shiga mata cikin warware rikice-rikice. A lokaci guda ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta SIHA ("ƙararru" a cikin Larabci), wanda ke haɗa kungiyoyin mata daban-daban a cikin Horn of Africa don haɓaka tasirin su akan tasirin jama'a da jagorancin al'umma.<ref name="Haasbod"/> === Haɗin Kai don Zaman Lafiya a Ƙahon Afirka === Osman kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa hadin gwiwa don zaman lafiya a Horn of Africa . Daga cikin sauran shirye-shiryen, mai tunani ya bukaci hukumomin Amurka da su karɓi manufofin ƙasashen waje masu kyau ga Afirka. Har ila yau, ta yi kira ga gwamnatin Amurka da ta janye tallafin kudi ga gwamnatoci masu zalunci.<ref name="Haasbod"/> === ThinkTank don Mata Larabawa da Asusun Daraja === Bugu da kari, Osman ya kafa kuma yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban ThinkTank for Arab Women (TTfAW). Kungiyar ba da agaji ta Alkahira ta ƙunshi masana na cikin gida, na ƙasa da na duniya a kan haƙƙin mata.<ref name="Acowho"/> Osman kuma ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar ba ta gwamnati ba ta Asusun Daraja.<ref name="Rhowiim" /> == Kasancewa memba da zumunci == Baya ga ayyukan Shugaba da jakada, Osman tana aiki a cikin kwamitin kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da Ashoka Arab World, Afirka Action, <ref name="Haasbod"/> Daidaita Yanzu, Majalisar Ba da Shawara don Asusun Duniya don Mata, <ref name="Omho">{{Cite web |title=Hibaaq Osman |url=https://www.eomega.org/workshops/teachers/hibaaq-osman |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Omega}}</ref> Ayyukan Ba da Shaware, da kuma Majalisar Ba da Shawarar don Cibiyar Jagorancin Mata ta Omega. <ref name="Acowho"/> Ita memba ce ta kwamitin kwararru na zaman lafiya da tsaro a Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Larabawa, kwamitin kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata, <ref name="Omho" /> da kuma kungiyar ba da shawara ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Osman kuma babban jami'i ne a Kwalejin Jagorancin Siyasa da Kasancewa a Jami'ar Maryland . <ref name="Haasbod" /> == Kyaututtuka == A shekara ta 2009, an ambaci Osman a cikin Musulmai 500 Mafi Muhimmanci ta Cibiyar Yarima Alwaleed don Fahimtar Musulmi-Kirista a Jami'ar Georgetown . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.el-karama.org/ El-Karama - Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140531182709/http://themuslim500.com/profile/hibaaq-osman Musulmi 500 - Hibaaq Osman] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g1e1x50ojlzo8k2d0j38g44uutvx8ma Hotunan fim na Waheed Murad 0 148589 891662 827435 2026-08-05T11:34:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Waheed Murad''' (Urdu; 2 ga Oktoba 1938 - 23 ga Nuwamba 1983) ya kasance [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] na fina-finai na Pakistan, furodusa da Marubucin rubutun, sananne ne ga maganganunsa masu ban sha'awa, halayensa masu kyau, murya mai tausayi da ƙwarewar yin wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2010 |title=Discovering Waheed Murad's inspirations |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/70978/discovering-waheed-murads-inspirations/ |access-date=27 December 2015 |website=THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE}}</ref> Waheed an dauke shi daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kudancin Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's death anniversary |url=http://e.thenews.com.pk/newsmag/mag/detail_article.asp?magId=11&id=6634 |access-date=2026-04-26 |archive-date=2025-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903050040/https://e.thenews.com.pk/newsmag/mag/detail_article.asp?magId=11&id=6634 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sau da yawa ana kiransa "Jarima'in Chocolaty" ko "Jariman Chocolate". An haife shi a [[Karachi]], Sindh, Pakistan, ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta SM Karachi, sannan kuma ya sami masters a cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi daga Jami'ar Karachi . <ref name="official">{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad's Official Website - Waheed Murad's Biography |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040806191114/http://www.waheedmurad.com/biography.html |archive-date=6 August 2004 |access-date=3 January 2016}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a matsayin cameo a 1959 a fim din ''Saathi'' lokacin da yake dan shekara 21. Ayyukan fuskarsa marasa kyau, soyayya mai ƙarfin zuciya da salon wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa yayin hotunan waƙoƙi sun sa ya shahara sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai shi ne Armaan, wanda ya samar, ya yi tasiri sosai a masana'antar fina-fakka ta nahiyar kamar yadda aka dauki masana'antar fim din Pakistan a matsayin tauraron da ke tasowa kuma fim din ya sanya shi tauraron dare daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: Facts about Waheed Murad |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-date=26 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126004403/http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sau ɗaya, a cikin wata hira a 1967, ya ce Dilip Kumar, ma, ba ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne marar mutuwa ba. Waheed an san shi da takardar kudi wanda za'a iya caji a ko'ina cikin ƙasar kuma shi ne kawai ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'antar fina-finai don samun mafi yawan adadin platinum, lu'u-lu'u, zinariya da azurfa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad: One hundred and one facts |url=http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |access-date=4 November 2011 |archive-date=26 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126004403/http://www.pakistanimusic.com/articles/waheedmurad_onehundredandonefacts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya mamaye al'ummar Pakistan a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970 fiye da kowa kafin ko bayan kuma an dauke shi jarumin cakulan na tarihin allon azurfa na Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Waheed Murad |url=http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050113035448/http://www.waheedmurad.com/ |archive-date=January 13, 2005 |access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed Murad; still alive in the hearts |url=http://www.samaa.tv/entertainment/2014/11/waheed-murad-still-alive-in-the-hearts/ |access-date=2 December 2015 |website=Samaa News}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, bayan tsawon shekaru 27 bayan mutuwarsa, Shugaban Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Sitara-e-Imtiaz, lambar yabo ta uku mafi girma da kuma lambar yabo ta farar hula da Jihar Pakistan ta bayar, wanda aka bayar a fannonin adabi, zane-zane, wasanni, magani, ko kimiyya. Waheed ya yi aiki a cikin fina-finai 124 a matsayin [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] da fina-fakkaatu 6 a matsayin baƙo. Ya samar da fina-finai 11, ya ba da umarnin fim 1 kuma ya rubuta fina-fukkuna 4. == A matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo == Waheed Murad ya fito a jimillar fina-finai 124 (an fitar da fina-finai 2 bayan rasuwarsa) wanda 38 daga cikinsu baƙi ne da fari, kuma 86 launuka ne. Ya fito a fina-finan Urdu 115, fina-finan Punjabi 8 da kuma fim ɗin Pushto 1. Ya kuma fito a matsayin tauraro a fina-finai 6: fina-finan Urdu 3 da fina-finan Punjabi 3. A matsayinsa na jarumi, Waheed ya sami kyaututtuka 4 na Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun jarumai a fina-finan Heera Aur Pathar, Armaan, Andleeb da Mastana Mahi. Takaitaccen bayani game da fina-finansa da aka fitar a shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980 (ban da fina-finan, waɗanda ya fito a matsayin baƙon jarumi) kamar haka: {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! !Jimillar ![[Urdu]] ![[Harshen Punjab|Punjabi]] !Pushto !Lu'u-lu'u !Platinum !Zinariya !Azurfa !Rashin ruwa |- |1962-1970 |38 |38 |0 |0 |0 |2 |9 |19 |8 |- |1971-1980 |72 |66 |6 |0 |1 |2 |18 |23 |28 |- |1981-1987 |14 |11 |2 |1 |0 |0 |3 |8 |3 |- |Jimillar |124 |115 |8 |1 |1 |4 |30 |50 |39 |} Cikakken jerin sunayen Diamond, Platinum, Golden da Silver Jubilee da fina-finai masu lalacewa kamar haka: === Fim din Jubilee na Platinum === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1976 |''Shabana'' |Nazar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Shahid, Nanna, Masood Akhtar | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Zinariya === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed | - Fim din farko na Platinum Jubilee na [[Pakistan]]- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar sau biyu, watau, don mafi kyawun furodusa & mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1970 |''Anjuman'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Deeba, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1974 |''Ishq kawai naa'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Iqbal Hussain, Ilyas, Saba, Naheed |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Awaz'' |Zafar Shabab |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Ghulam Mohiuddin, Naghma | |} === Fim din Jubilee na Azurfa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1962 |''Aulad'' |S.M. Yousuf |Nayyar Sultana, Habib, Rukhsaana, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1963 |''Daaman'' |Qadeer Ghouri |Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Neelo, Lehri, Tarana |Fim na biyu na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo; ya taka rawar goyon baya |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala{nammo}{kammo} | - Fim na farko na Waheed a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo kuma fim na 4 a matsayin mai yin wasan kwaikwayo- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |1965 |''Kanay'' |Hassan Tariq |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Saqi, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Mohammad Ali a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1967 |''Devar Bhabhi'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Santosh Kumar, Lehri, Jafri, Najmi | |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1968 |''Dil Mera Dharkan Teri'' |M. A. Rashid |Shamim Ara, Rani, Lehri | |- |1969 |''Salgira'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shamim Ara, Tariq Aziz, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p263">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Andaleeb'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Aliya, Talish, Mustafa Qureshi |Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1971 |''[[Mastana Mahi (film)|Mastana Mahi]]'' |Iftikhar Khan |Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari | - Fim din Punjabi na farko na Waheed- Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo<br /> |- |- |1971 |''Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, Aliya, Talish, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1972 |''Khalish'' |Laeeq Akhtar |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Alauddin, Nanna | |- |1972 |''Baharo Phool Barsao'' |Mista Sadiq |Rani, Munawwar Zareef, Aslam Pervaiz | | |- |1972 |''Daulat aur duniya'' |Khalifa Saeed |Aliya, Rozina, Nanna, Khalifa Nazir | |- |1974 |''Tum rho'' |M.A. Rasheed |Asiya, [[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Phool kawai gulshan ka'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Lehri, Sahera | |- |1974 |''Dushman'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Adeeb | - Fim din Waheed na karshe tare da Pervez Malik- Fim din launi guda daya na Waheed-Pervez<br /> |- |1974 |''Shama'' |Nazar Shabab |Deeba, Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nadeem | |- |1975 |''Mohabbat Zindagi Hai'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Mumtaz, Lehri, Qavi | |- |1975 |''Jogi'' |Haider Chaudhry |Asiya, Munawwar Saeed, Nanna, Ali Ejaz, Afzal |Fim din Punjabi |- |1975 |''Surat aur seerat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Mumtaz, Sudhir, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nisho | |- |1975 |''Jab jab phool khiley'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Nadeem, Mumtaz | |- |1978 |''Saheli'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Rani, Shabnam, Gullu, Nanna, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1978 |''Parakh'' |Jan Mohammad |Rani, Asif Khan, Usman Peerzada, Nanna | |- |1978 |''Khuda aur mohabbat'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, [[Mohammad Ali]], Gullu, Roohi Bano | |- |1978 |''Behan Bhai'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, [[Mohammad Ali]], Bindiya, Nanna, Ali Ejaz | |- |1980 |''Pyari'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Nisho, Naghma, Qavi | |- |1981 |''[[Kala dhanda gorey log]]'' |Sajjad mai rai |Sangeeta, Samina, Asif Khan, Badar Munir | |- |1981 |''Kiran aur kali'' |Zahid Shah |Shabnam, [[Mohammad Ali]], Lehri, Shahnawaz |Fim din karshe na Waheed |} === Fim din Jubilee na Diamond === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1965 |''Bahu Begum'' |Wazeer Ali |Habib, Sabira Sultana, Deeba, Nasira |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Deeba |- |1965 |''Eid Mubarak'' |S.M. Yousuf |Zeba, Habib, Rukhsana, Iqbal Yousuf |Fim na farko na Pakistan tare da 'yan launi |- |1966 |''[[Josh (1966 film)|Josh]]'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Zeba, Sudhir, Rozina, Hanif, Iqbal Yousuf | |- |1966 |''Jaag Utha Insaan'' |Sheikh Hassan |Zeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Firdous, Ibrahim Nafees | |- |1966 |''Bhayya'' |Qazi Zaheer Rehan |Chitra Singha, Anwar Hussein, Shabana |Fim din Waheed kawai a Gabashin Pakistan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janya mujhay kya ho geya... |url=http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929083452/http://utopianvision.co.uk/bollywood/videos/?v=NcT3Lo7wma8 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |access-date=2023-11-20}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Doraha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shamim Ara, Deeba, Talish, Qurban Jilani |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shamim Ara |- |1967 |''Phir Subha Hogi'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Talat Siddiqui, Nirala | |- |1967 |''Maan Baap'' |Khalil Qaiser |Zeba, Zamurrad, Yousuf Khan, Alauddin | |- |1967 |''Rishta Hai Pyar Ka'' |Qamar Zaidi |Zeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Hanif, Farida Adeeb |Fim na farko na Pakistan wanda aka harbe shi a kasashen waje (a Ingila) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering the chocolate hero: Waheed Murad {{!}} DesPardes.com |url=http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040415194041/http://www.despardes.com/Entertainment/news/nov03/nov22-waheed-murad-remembered.html |archive-date=2004-04-15 |website=www.despardes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waheed |url=http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627174131/http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Interview/4052/waheed.html |archive-date=2008-06-27}}</ref> |- |1967 |''Rashin hankali'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a Nanna talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. | |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Ghauri |Shabnam, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Shabnam |- |1968 |''Jahan Tum Wahan Hum'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Shabnam, Nirala, Badar Munir | |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Deeba, Rozina, Lehri, Talat Hussein | - Waheed ya sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1969 |''Ladla'' |A.H. Siddiqui |Shabnam, Santosh Kumar, Sabiha Khanam, Lehri, Talish |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1969 |''Eik Nagina'' |S.A. Hafiz |Deeba, Aliya, Qavi, Lehri, Saiqa, Adeeb |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264" /> |- |1970 |''Afsana'' |Luqman |Deeba, Rozina, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1970 |''Bewafa'' |S. Suleman |Shamim Ara, Rehana, Nabila, Mustafa Qureshi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Shabnam, Nirala, Saqi |<ref name="Gazdar1997p266" /> |- |1970 |''Chand Suraj'' |Shor Lakhnavi |Nadeem, Shabana, Rozina, Nanna, Sangeeta | - Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nadeem- Fim na biyu na Pakistan wanda ya dogara da labaru daban-daban<br /> |- |1971 |''[[Afshan(film)|Afshan]]'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam, Aliya, Lehri, Tariq Aziz, Saiqa, Nighat Sultana, Tamanna, Mohamad Yousuf, Latif Charlie, S.M. Saleem | |- |1972 |''Tashar Hill'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Iqbal Yousuf, Qavi, Nirala |Waheed ya taka rawa sau biyu, daya a matsayin jarumi kuma wani a matsayin muguMai laifi |- |1972 |''Zindagi Aik Safar Hai'' |S.M. Yousuf |Shamim Ara, Ejaz, Deeba, Iqbal Yousuf, Faizi |Fim na 50 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna | |- |1973 |''Anhoni'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Aliya, Zarqa, Lehri, Saqi, Zahid Khan | |- |1974 |''Pyar Hi Pyar'' |R.A. Rakhin |Asiya, Shazia, M. Saeed, Alauddin, Adeeb | |- |1974 |''Nanna Farishta'' |K. Khursheed |Deeba, [[Mohammad Ali]], Nayyar Sultana | |- |1974 |''Haqeeqat'' |Nazrul Musulunci |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Babra Sharif, Talish |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Babra Sharif |- |1974 |''Deedar'' |Hassan Tariq |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam | |- |1976 |''Zubaida'' |Aslam Daar |Babra Sharif, Nisho, Sabiha Khanam, Aslam Pervaiz, Lehri | |- |1976 |''Waqt'' |Zafar Shabab |Babra Sharif, Kaveeta, Shamim Ara, Habib, Nanna | |- |1976 |''Waada'' |Aslam Daar |Deeba, Asiya, Saiqa, Lehri, Alauddin | |- |1976 |''Goonj ya ce Shehnai'' |S.M. Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Ruhi Bano, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Aap Ka Khadim'' |Wazir Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Zeba, Najma, Rangeela | |- |1977 |''Apne Huye Paraye'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Mumtaz, Gullu, Sangeeta, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1978 |''Nazrana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Neelo, Gullu, Bindia, Ali Ejaz, Masood | |- |1979 |''Waaday Ki Zanjeer'' |Shabab Kiranvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sabiha Khanam, Anjuman, Ali Ejaz |Fim na 100 na Waheed a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1979 |''Yahan Se Wahan Tak'' |Syed Kamal |Kamal, Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Ali Ejaz | |- |1979 |''Tarana'' |Nazar Shabab |Rani, Gullu, Nanna, Tamanna, Bahar, Meena | |- |1979 |''Nishani'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shabnam, Qavi, Tariq Aziz, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1980 |''Zameer'' |Iqbal Akhtar |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Ruhi Bano, Lehri | |- |1980 |''Chotay Nawab'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Neelo, Nanna, Hanif | |- |1980 |''Badnaam'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Naghma, Lehri | |- |1981 |''Mutumin da ke da bindiga'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Rani, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz | |- |1981 |''Kawai Apne'' |Shamim Ara |Shamim Ara, Shahid, Mumtaz, Asif Raza Mir | |- |1981 |''[[Dil Ne Phir Yaad Kya]]'' |Iqbal Akhtar |Shahid, Babra Sharif, Ibrahim Nafees, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1981 |''Gherao'' |Iqbal Yousuf |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Asif Khan | |- |1981 |''Pakhtoon Pay Wilayat Kamba'' |Sajjad mai rai |Mumtaz, Asif Khan, Badar Muneer |Fim din Pushto na Waheed kawai, wanda aka zana a Burtaniya.[[Birtaniya|UK]] |- |1982 |''[[I Love You (1982 film)|Ina son ka]]'' |Jamshed Naqvi |Shahid, Shabnam, Arzoo, Nanna | |- |1982 |''Aahat'' |Fazil mai rai |Nadeem, Shabnam, Bindia, Saqi | |- |1983 |''Maang Meri Bhar Do'' |Gauhar Ali |[[Mohammad Ali]], Shabnam, Lehri, Ishrat | |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙon tauraro) |Fim na karshe na rayuwar Waheed Murad |} === Fim din da aka yi watsi da shi === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo !Magana |- |1964 |''Mamta'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Bahar, Yasmin, Naghma, Ajmal | |- |1965 |''Saaz Aur Awaz'' |Mista Hashim |Rani, Habib, Ragni, Adeeb, Talish, S. Gul |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Rani a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1965 |''Dokta'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Bahar, Yasmin, Jafri, Emi, Najmul Hassan | |- |1966 |''Honahar'' |S.M. Yousuf |Rukhsana, Shakeel, Tarannum, Kamal Irani | |- |1968 |''Jaan-e-Arzo'' |Qadeer Ghori |Shamim Ara, Aslam Pervaiz, Salma Mumtaz | |- |1969 |''Tumhi Ho Mehboob Mere'' |Shabab Kiranvi |Deeba, Rozina, Qavi |Fim din Waheed na farko mai launi |- |1969 |''Maa Beta'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Sabiha Khanam, Rangeels, Nanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p264"/> |- |1970 |''Phir Chand Nikle Ga'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Deeba, Rozina, Nirala |<ref name="Gazdar1997p267"/> |- |1971 |''Afshan'' |Hashmi mai rai |Shabnam da Aaliya da Lehri |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269"/> |- |1971 |''Khamosh Nigahen'' |Jameel Akhter |Rozina, Husna, Tamanna |<ref name="Gazdar1997p270">{{Cite book|last3=Mushtaq Gazdar}}</ref> |- |1971 |''Rim Jhim'' |Qamar Zaidi |Rozina, Kamal Irani, Zamarrud |<ref name="Gazdar1997p269" /> |- |1972 |''Naag Muni'' |Tseren Mir |Rani, Sangeeta, Qavi, Talish, Masood Akhter |Waheed da Rani dukansu sun taka rawa biyu |- |1972 |''Bandagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shabnam, Talat Hussein, Santosh Rissal, Talish | |- |1973 |''Mulaqat'' |Laeeq Akhter |[Hasiya] |Fim na farko na Waheed tare da Nisho a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- |1973 |''Khwab Aur Zindagi'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Masood Akhter, Saiqa, Lehri | |- |1974 |''Mastani Mehbooba'' |Laeeq Akhter |Sangeeta, Kaveeta, Munawwar Zareef | |- |1974 |''Sayyo Ni Mera Mahi'' |Iftikhar Khan |Aliya, Sabiha Khanam, Alauddin, Munawwar Zareef |Fim din Punjabi |- |1974 |''Usey Dekha Usey Chaha'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Rozina, Nirala, Lehri, Niggo, Santosh Rissal | - Waheed da Pervaiz sun sake haɗuwa bayan kusan shekaru 6 - Fim ɗin da ya ɓace kawai na Waheed-Pervaiz<br /> |- |1974 |''Laila Majnu'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Masood Akhter, Talish, Nanna | |- |1975 |''Izzat'' |Jaffar Bukhari |Neelo, Darpan, Talish, Sangeeta, Lehri | |- |1975 |''Dilruba'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Mustafa Qureshi, Nanna, Alauddin | |- |1975 |''Sajjan Kamla'' |Mista Akram |Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Saba, Afzal, Talish |Fim din Punjabi |- |1976 |''Rastey Ka Pathar'' |M.A. Rasheed |Nisho, Ruhi Bano, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz, Sultan Rahi | |- |1976 |''[[Naag Aur Nagin (1976 film)|Naag Aur Nagin]]'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Kaveeta, Aslam Pervaiz, Alauddin, Ilyas | |- |1976 |''Mehboob Mera Mastana'' |Saqlain Rizvi |Asiya, Sangeeta, Lehri, Nanna, Talish | |- |1976 |''Zaib-un-Nisa'' |Ya yi farin ciki da Ahmed |Shamim Ara, Aliya, Saleem Nazir, Fazil Butt | |- |1976 |''Kharidar'' |Jamshed Naqvi |[[Mohammad Ali]], Deeba, Habib, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1976 |''Surraya Bhopali'' |Hassan Tariq |Rani, Shahid, Husna, Alauddin, Talish | |- |1976 |''Jiyo Aur Jeenay Do'' |Shamim Ara |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Shamim Ara, Gullu, Lehri | |- |1977 |''Gidan sarauta'' |Azizul Hassan |Nadeem, Mumtaz, Deeba, Nanna, Nayyar Sultana | |- |1977 |''Akh Lari Badu Badi'' |Shafi Akhter |Mumtaz, Mustafa Qureshi, Alauddin, Nimmo |Fim din Punjabi |- |1978 |''Aadmi'' |M.A. Rasheed |[[Mohammad Ali]], Sangeeta, Nisho, Lehri | |- |1978 |''Insaan Aur Shaitan'' |Khalifa Saeed |Najma, Shahid, Asif Khan, Nanna, Nasrullah | |- |1978 |''Sheeshay Ka Ghar'' |Nazrul Musulunci |Shahid, Mumtaz, Nanna, Afzal, Shahnawaz |Waheed ya yi wani mummunan haliHalin mugun mutum |- |1979 |''Raja Ki Aye Gi Baraat'' |Iftikhar Khan |[[Mohammad Ali]], Mumtaz, Sabiha Khanam, Qavi | |- |1979 |''Aurat Raj'' |Rangeela |Rani, Rangeela, Nanna, Sultan Rahi | |- |1980 |''Bandhan'' |Shaukat Hashmi |Neelam, Najma, Gullu, Lehri, Aslam Pervaiz | |- |1981 |''Anokha Daaj'' |Aslam Daar |Asiya, Sultan Rahi, Durdana, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi |- |1982 |''Wohti Jee'' |M.J. Rana |Mumtaz, Musarrat Shaheen, Ali Ejaz, Sabiha Khanam |Fim din Punjabi na karshe na Waheed |- |1987 |''Zalzala'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Rani, Sudhir, Sultan Rahi, Asif Khan, Ilyas |Fim din karshe da aka fitar na Waheed Murad |} == A matsayin cameo == == A matsayin mai samarwa == Waheed Murad, a matsayin furodusa, ya samar da fina-finai 11 (finai 10 na Urdu & fim 1 na Punjabi), daga cikinsu fina-fukkuka 8 baƙar fata ne da fari kuma fina-fukai 3 suna da launi. Yawancin waɗannan fina-finai, gami da Armaan, masu sukar fim sun yaba da su. A matsayinsa na furodusa ya kuma sami lambar yabo ta Nigar a cikin mafi kyawun furodusa don Armaan . {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1961 |''Insaan badalta hai'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Shamim Ara, Lehri |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1963 |''Jab se dekha hai tumhay'' |Munawwar Rasheed |Darpan, Zeba, Aga Jan, Lehri |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1964 |''Heera Aur Pathar'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Ibrahim Nafees, Kamal Irani, Nirala |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad, Ibrahim Nafees |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1968 |''Samandar'' |Rafiq Rizvi |Shabnam, Waheed Murad, Hanif, Rozina, Rashid |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1970 |''Naseeb Apna Apna'' |Qamar Zaidi |Waheed Murad, Shabnam, Nirala, Tamanna, Saqi |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1971 |''Mastana mahi'' (fim din Punjabi) |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Naghma, Aliya, Munawwar Zareef, Asad Bukhari |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1973 |''Jaal'' |Iftikhar Khan |Waheed Murad, Nisho, Shaista Qaiser, Husna, Nanna |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin darektan == Waheed Murad ya ba da umarnin fim daya kawai ''Ishara'', wanda ya kasa cimma burin ofishin jakadancin. {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin marubuci == Waheed Murad ya rubuta rubutun don fina-finai 4, biyu daga cikinsu sun sami godiya sosai daga masu cinemagoers. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" !Shekara !Fim din !Daraktan !Masu ba da labari !Kasuwanci |- |1966 |''Makami'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Zahoor Ahmed |Jubilee na Platinum |- |1967 |''Ehsaan'' |Ku yi amfani da Malik |Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Ibrahim Nafees, Azad |Jubilee na Zinariya |- |1969 |''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'' |Waheed Murad |Waheed Murad, Deeba, Rozina, Talat Hussain |Jubilee na Azurfa |- |1985 |''Jarumi'' |Iqbal Yousuf |Waheed Murad, Babra Sharif, Mumtaz, Adil Murad, Nadeem (a matsayin baƙo) |Jubilee na Azurfa |} == A matsayin mawaƙi == A cikin fim din ''[[Ishara (1969 film)|Ishara]]'', Waheed Murad ya sami raira waƙar ''Jaisay taisay beet gaya din.''.. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thecinezine.com |url=http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004125854/http://thecinezine.com/Waheed_Murad.html |archive-date=2011-10-04 |access-date=2008-08-08}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l4bmy394kavnakv43oz52v8kidabz8m Faless Debrah Moyo 0 149351 891391 830886 2026-08-04T16:14:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  {{Reflist}}'''Faless Debrah Moyo''' ɗan siyasan Malawian ne wanda aka zaba a shekarar 2025 don wakiltar mazabar Chitipa ta Arewa a matsayin mai zaman kanta. == Rayuwa == Moyo ta tsaya a matsayin mai zaman kanta kuma ta ci nasara da kuri'u sama da 5,300 a mazabar Chitipa ta Arewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawi Elections 2025 - MP Results |url=https://www.malawi2025.info/m_cand.php |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=www.malawi2025.info |archive-date=2025-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251130135144/https://malawi2025.info/m_cand.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ce ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe mazabar a Chitipa, amma Chimango Mughogho ta lashe Chitipa ta Kudu a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Oct 2025 |title=MBC Digital update on Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/mbctv.malawi/posts/pfbid02wHJL2vq8A9qEakkquwj3293pdJ1xR6TJniH31Uz8TJx2SkGUDrkVdtWmUrSToa2ol/}}</ref> A cikin ƙasa yawan mata kusan 21% ne tare da 40 daga cikin 'yan majalisa 221 mata ne a cikin 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiaone Hendry on Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=851694110884941&set=a.238810468839978 |access-date=2025-10-12 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kc38c1n3io886etfm0kjl1m0ltz9tjy Gonçalo Ramos 0 149926 891553 858941 2026-08-05T02:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Gonçalo Ramos USMNT v Portugal Mar 31 2026-32.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Gonçalo Ramos | hoto = Goncalo Ramos 2024.jpg | cikakken_suna = Gonçalo Matias Ramos | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|6|20}} | wurin_haihuwa = Olhão, Portugal | tsawo = 1.85 m | matsayi = Mai kai hari | kungiyar_yanzu = Paris Saint-Germain | lambar_riga = 9 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2009–2011 | matasa_kungiya1 = Olhanense | matasa_shekaru2 = 2011–2013 | matasa_kungiya2 = Loulé | matasa_shekaru3 = 2013–2019 | matasa_kungiya3 = Benfica | shekaru1 = 2019–2021 | kungiyoyi1 = Benfica B | wasa1 = 37 | kwallaye1 = 16 | shekaru2 = 2020–2023 | kungiyoyi2 = Benfica | wasa2 = 64 | kwallaye2 = 30 | shekaru3 = 2023 | kungiyoyi3 = → Paris Saint-Germain (aro) | wasa3 = 11 | kwallaye3 = 2 | shekaru4 = 2023– | kungiyoyi4 = Paris Saint-Germain | wasa4 = 67 | kwallaye4 = 25 | shekarun_kasa1 = 2017–2018 | kungiyar_kasa1 = Portugal U17 | wasa_kasa1 = 9 | kwallaye_kasa1 = 1 | shekarun_kasa2 = 2018 | kungiyar_kasa2 = Portugal U18 | wasa_kasa2 = 2 | kwallaye_kasa2 = 0 | shekarun_kasa3 = 2019 | kungiyar_kasa3 = Portugal U19 | wasa_kasa3 = 15 | kwallaye_kasa3 = 9 | shekarun_kasa4 = 2020 | kungiyar_kasa4 = Portugal U20 | wasa_kasa4 = 2 | kwallaye_kasa4 = 0 | shekarun_kasa5 = 2020–2022 | kungiyar_kasa5 = Portugal U21 | wasa_kasa5 = 18 | kwallaye_kasa5 = 14 | shekarun_kasa6 = 2022– | kungiyar_kasa6 = Portugal | wasa_kasa6 = 24 | kwallaye_kasa6 = 10 | sabunta_kungiya = 2026 | sabunta_kasa = 2026 }} '''Gonçalo Matias Ramos''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Portugal]] wanda aka haifa a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2001 a garin Olhão na yankin Algarve. Yana taka leda a matsayin mai kai hari ga ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Portugal. Ramos ya shahara saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen zura ƙwallaye, motsi a cikin akwatin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, da kuma yadda yake taimakawa abokan wasansa wajen gina hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Ramos|title=Gonçalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Ramos|title=Gonçalo) Ramos|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Gonçalo Ramos a garin Olhão da ke kudancin Portugal. Mahaifinsa Manuel Ramos tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ya taka leda a wasu ƙungiyoyi na Portugal. Tun yana ƙarami Ramos ya nuna sha’awa sosai ga wasan ƙwallo, kuma ya fara koyon wasan ne a makarantar yara ta Olhanense kafin daga bisani ya koma Loulé sannan ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Benfica a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.psg.fr/en/players/goncalo-ramos|title=Gonçalo](https://www.psg.fr/en/players/goncalo-ramos|title=Gonçalo) Ramos Profile|website=Paris Saint-Germain}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A lokacin yana makarantar matasa ta Benfica, Ramos ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka fi zura ƙwallaye. Tun farko yana taka leda ne a matsayin ɗan tsakiya mai kai hari amma daga baya aka mayar da shi cikakken mai kai hari saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen cin ƙwallaye da motsinsa a gaba. A wasu lokuta yana iya zura fiye da kwallaye 30 a kakar wasa ta matasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/goncalo-ramos|title=Gonçalo](https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/goncalo-ramos|title=Gonçalo) Ramos Biography|website=PSG}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == === Benfica B === Ramos ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru tare da Benfica B a shekarar 2019 a gasar Segunda Liga ta Portugal. A lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasa mafiya jan hankali a ƙasar saboda iya zura ƙwallaye da kuma saurin fahimtar wasa. A cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi tare da Benfica B ya buga wasanni 37 inda ya ci ƙwallaye 16.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Ramos|title=Gonçalo](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gon%C3%A7alo_Ramos|title=Gonçalo) Ramos|website=Wikipedia en Español}}</ref> === Benfica === A ranar 21 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2020 Ramos ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Benfica wasa a gasar Firimiya ta Portugal. Ya shiga wasa ne a ƙarshen mintuna amma cikin kankanin lokaci ya zura ƙwallaye biyu a ragar Desportivo Aves, abin da ya sa ya fara daukar hankalin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Gonçalo](https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Gonçalo) Ramos is a Parisian!|website=PSG News}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2021–22 Ramos ya fara zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan Benfica. Ya buga gasar UEFA Champions League kuma ya ci muhimmiyar ƙwallo a wasan da Benfica ta yi da Liverpool a matakin kwata fainal. Salon wasansa ya haɗa da iya matsawa baya domin haɗa wasa da kuma matsa lamba ga masu tsaron baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=3010|title=Gonçalo](https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=3010|title=Gonçalo) Ramos Profile|website=SportsLib}}</ref> Kakar wasa ta 2022–23 ita ce ta fi ɗaukaka a Benfica. Ramos ya zura ƙwallaye 27 a dukkanin gasa kuma ya taimaka wa Benfica ta lashe gasar lig ta Portugal. Wannan bajinta tasa manyan ƙungiyoyin Turai suka fara bibiyar sa, ciki har da Manchester United da Paris Saint-Germain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Gonçalo](https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Gonçalo) Ramos is a Parisian!|website=PSG News}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === A watan Agustan shekarar 2023 Ramos ya koma Paris Saint-Germain a matsayin aro tare da damar saye na dindindin. Shugabannin PSG sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai matuƙar ƙwazo wanda zai taimaka wajen gina sabuwar ƙungiyar nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Official](https://en.news.psg.fr/press-releases/first-team/goncalo-ramos-is-a-parisian|title=Official): Gonçalo Ramos joins PSG|website=PSG}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan fara taka leda a PSG, Ramos ya fuskanci gasa mai ƙarfi wajen samun gurbi saboda kasancewar manyan ‘yan wasa a gaba. Duk da haka ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa a wasanni da dama, musamman a matsayin ɗan wasan da ke shiga daga benci ya kawo sauyi. Masu sharhi da magoya bayan PSG sun yaba masa saboda ƙoƙari da ƙarfin zuciya a manyan wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.reddit.com/r/psg/comments/1iyywhs|title=Is](https://www.reddit.com/r/psg/comments/1iyywhs|title=Is) Gonçalo Ramos really a supersub?|website=Reddit}}</ref> A wasu lokuta Ramos ya fuskanci matsalolin rashin lafiya da raunuka wanda hakan ya rage yawan lokutan da yake fara wasa. Rahotanni daga Faransa sun bayyana cewa ya taɓa fama da wata cuta mai tsanani da ta sa ya rasa nauyi sosai a shekarar 2024, amma daga baya ya murmure ya koma cikin tawagar PSG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.reddit.com/r/psg/comments/1987m0f|title=Record](https://www.reddit.com/r/psg/comments/1987m0f|title=Record) confirms Gonçalo Ramos health issue|website=Reddit}}</ref> A kakar wasannin baya-bayan nan Ramos ya ci gaba da zama muhimmiyar ɓangare a tsarin kocin PSG Luis Enrique. Ana yabonsa saboda iya cin ƙwallaye a ƙarshen wasa da kuma kasan 1mkudau6a1lqcrr4xpcadsmxhtf9n1u Fernando Peyroteo 0 149946 891419 858538 2026-08-04T17:59:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:FernandoPeyroteo.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa | suna = Fernando Peyroteo | hoto = Fernando Peyroteo.jpg | cikakken_suna = Fernando Baptista de Seixas Peyroteo de Vasconcelos | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa|1918|3|10}} | wurin_haihuwa = Humpata, Angola ta Fotigal | ranar_mutuwa = {{Mutuwa da shekaru|1978|11|28|1918|3|10}} | wurin_mutuwa = Lisbon, Fotigal | tsawo = 1.82 m | matsayi = Mai kai hari | shekaru = 1937–1949 | kungiyoyi1 = Sporting CP | wasa1 = 197 | kwallaye1 = 331 | tawaga_ta_kasa1 = Fotigal | wasa_ta_kasa1 = 20 | kwallaye_ta_kasa1 = 14 }} '''Fernando Baptista de Seixas Peyroteo de Vasconcelos''' (10 ga Maris, 1918 – 28 ga Nuwamba, 1978), wanda aka fi sani da '''Fernando Peyroteo''', ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a tarihin ƙasar Fotigal. Ya shahara musamman saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen zura ƙwallaye masu yawa a kowane kakar wasa da ya buga. Peyroteo ya yi fice ne a matsayin ɗan wasan kungiyar [[Sporting CP]], inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu cin ƙwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar da kuma ƙwallon ƙafar Turai baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sporting.pt/en/history/legends/fernando-peyroteo |title=Fernando Peyroteo – Sporting CP Legend |publisher=Sporting CP |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Fernando Peyroteo a garin Humpata da ke Angola ta Fotigal a lokacin mulkin mallakar Fotigal. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙwarewa sosai wajen cin ƙwallaye. Daga baya ya koma ƙasar Fotigal domin ci gaba da rayuwa da kuma neman damar taka leda a manyan ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zerozero.pt/player.php?id=13004 |title=Fernando Peyroteo Profile |publisher=Zerozero |access-date=2026-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == === Sporting CP === Peyroteo ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar [[Sporting CP]] a shekarar 1937. Cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya zama babban tauraron ƙungiyar saboda iya cin ƙwallaye cikin sauƙi. Ya kasance cikin fitaccen rukuni na ‘yan wasan Sporting da aka sani da ''Cinco Violinos'' wato “Violin guda biyar”, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan ‘yan wasa masu kai hari da suka mamaye ƙwallon ƙafar Fotigal a shekarun 1940.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sporting.pt/pt/noticias/clube/historia/2020-03-10/fernando-peyroteo-um-lendario-leao |title=Fernando Peyroteo, Um Lendário Leão |publisher=Sporting CP |language=pt |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Sporting CP, Peyroteo ya taimaka wajen lashe kofunan liga da dama tare da kofunan cikin gida. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ingancin masu cin ƙwallaye a tarihin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa saboda yawan ƙwallayen da ya ci idan aka kwatanta da yawan wasannin da ya buga. Ya ci fiye da ƙwallaye 500 a wasannin hukuma duk da cewa bai yi doguwar rayuwar wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/peyroteo-intlg.html |title=Fernando Peyroteo - Goalscoring Record |publisher=RSSSF |access-date=2026-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Peyroteo ya kasance ɗan wasa mai ƙarfi, mai iya bugun kai, da kuma kammala hare-hare cikin sauri. Yana amfani da ƙafafunsa biyu wajen jefa ƙwallo a raga, lamarin da ya sa masu tsaron baya ke fama da wahalar dakile shi. Har ila yau yana da kyakkyawar fahimtar motsi a cikin akwatin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/10/27/fernando-peyroteo-portugals-forgotten-goalscoring-machine/ |title=Fernando Peyroteo: Portugal’s Forgotten Goalscoring Machine |publisher=These Football Times |access-date=2026-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Cinco Violinos === Fernando Peyroteo yana daga cikin shahararrun ‘yan wasan da suka kafa tawagar ''Cinco Violinos'' ta Sporting CP. Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi Peyroteo, Albano, Jesus Correia, Manuel Vasques da José Travassos. Tawagar ta yi fice sosai saboda haɗin kai da kuma salon kai hari mai kayatarwa wanda ya sa Sporting CP ta zama babbar ƙungiya a Fotigal a wancan lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0268-1215b2f52f1e-b4d0b4d14b0b-1000--sporting-s-famous-five-violins/ |title=Sporting's Famous Five Violins |publisher=UEFA |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> === Tawagar ƙasar Fotigal === Peyroteo ya buga wa tawagar ƙasar Fotigal wasanni 20 tsakanin shekarun 1938 zuwa 1949, inda ya ci ƙwallaye 14. Duk da cewa Fotigal ba ta kasance cikin manyan ƙasashen ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin ba, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/Jogadores/Jogador/playerId/712756/contextId/1619470 |title=Fernando Peyroteo |publisher=Federação Portuguesa de Futebol |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Fernando Peyroteo da ƙwarewa wajen kammala hare-hare da kuma kasancewa a daidai wurin da ya dace lokacin da ake bukatar mai kai hari. Yana da ƙarfin jiki da iya sarrafa ƙwallo sosai, tare da bugun kai mai ƙarfi. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafiya inganci masu cin ƙwallaye a tarihin wasan saboda matsakaicin ƙwallayen da yake ci a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/forgotten-footballers-fernando-peyroteo/blt6f56ef5d4c2cbb57 |title=Forgotten Footballers: Fernando Peyroteo |publisher=Goal |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> == Ritaya == Peyroteo ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yana da shekaru 31 kacal. Duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa lokacin da ya ajiye wasa, ya riga ya kafa tarihin da ya sa ake ci gaba da tunawa da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gwarazan Sporting CP da Fotigal baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fernando-Peyroteo |title=Fernando Peyroteo |publisher=Britannica |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Fernando Peyroteo ya rasu a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 1978 a Lisbon, Fotigal. Bayan rasuwarsa, magoya bayan Sporting CP da masana ƙwallon ƙafa sun ci gaba da girmama gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.publico.pt/2018/11/28/desporto/noticia/fernando-peyroteo-o-avancado-que-fazia-golos-como-ninguem-1852924 |title=Fernando Peyroteo, o avançado que fazia golos como ninguém |publisher=Público |language=pt |access-date=2026-05-08}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Sporting CP === * Primeira Liga: 1940–41, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1947–48 * Taça de Portugal: 1940–41, 1944–45, 1945–46, 1947–48 === Kyaututtuka na mutum == * Wanda ya fi cin ƙwallaye a gasar Fotigal sau da dama * Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan masu cin ƙwallaye a tarihin Sporting CP * Memba na tawagar ''Cinco Violinos''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/fernando-peyroteo/ |title=Fernando Peyroteo |publisher=WorldFootball.net |access-date=2026-05-08 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Sporting CP]] * [[Tawagar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Fotigal]] == Manazarta == {{Manazarta}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Peyroteo, Fernando}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1918]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1978]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Fotigal]] [[Category:Masu kai hari]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Sporting CP]] [[Category:Mutane daga Angola]] ezjckiau0kg1im22ushehszgr9a6bt4 Giorgos Koudas 0 150244 891550 833295 2026-08-05T01:47:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Giorgos Koudas''' (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba 1946) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Girka wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. An dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Girka na kowane lokaci, ya shafe dukkan aikinsa a PAOK. Da yake shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dacewa a tarihin kulob din, Koudas adadi ne wanda ke da alaƙa da White-blacks na Arewa. Gasarsa, jagoranci, kerawa da babban inganci a matsayin dan wasa, tare da al'adun Makidoniya, sun ba shi laƙabi Alexander the Greek na kwallon kafa na Girka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Manos Androulakis |title=Η ζωή και η καριέρα του θρυλικού Γιώργου Κούδα |trans-title=Life and career of legendary Giorgos Koudas |url=https://sport-retro.gr/o-megalexandros-tou-ellinikou-podosfairou-sto-sport-retro-gr-h-zwi-kai-h-kariera-tou-thrylikou-giwrgou-kouda/ |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=sport-retro.gr |language=Greek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavros Sountoulidis |date=23 November 2015 |title=H ζωή του Γιώργου Κούδα |trans-title=The life of Giorgos Koudas |url=http://www.gazzetta.gr/stili/oi-prwtagwnistes/article/835951/h-zoi-toy-giorgoy-koyda |access-date=23 October 2019 |website=gazzetta.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Koudas a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1946 a Agios Pavlos, Thessaloniki . Ya fito ne daga aji mai tawali'u kuma mai aiki. Mahaifinsa Giannis ya yi aiki a matsayin mai hidimar abinci kuma ɗan gudun hijira ne ɗan Girka daga Çorlu (sunan Girka: Tyroloi) na Gabashin Thrace, yayin da mahaifiyarsa Eleftheria ta fito daga Stavroupoli na Yammacin Thrace . Yana da 'yan'uwa biyu, babban ɗan'uwa da ƙanwa. Koudas ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana matashi yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa a wani fili kusa da Tsohon Kasuwar Kayan Lambu da kuma a wani fili mai hawa biyu a gaban Gidan Gwamnati na Thessaloniki wanda ba ya wanzu a yau. Wani maƙwabcinsa mai suna Prodromos wanda yake goyon bayan PAOK ne ya gane baiwar tasa kuma ya kai shi wata rana zuwa gwajin matasa na ƙungiyar a gundumar Toumba inda ake gina sabon filin wasa na PAOK. Yara kusan ɗari ne suka shiga ciki kuma ƙananan Koudas ba a lura da su ba a rana ta farko. A rana ta biyu, manajan Austria Wilhelm (Willy) Sevcik ya roƙi Koudas da ya sarrafa ƙwallon bayan ya jefa ta sama a sama. Koudas ya taɓa ƙwallon a ƙasa cikin sauƙi a kowace jifa da kocin Austrian ya yi kuma ya halarci wasan horo na rabin sa'a da ya biyo baya. Vassilis Sidiropoulos, memba na gudanarwa na PAOK a lokacin, ya ɗauki hoton Koudas ya roƙe shi ya sanya hannu kan lasisin yin rijistar ɗan wasa. Sakamakon haka, Koudas ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa a shekarar 1958, yana da shekaru 12. Saboda an tsara zaman horon ƙungiyar matasa da safe kuma domin samun wasu kuɗaɗen shiga da ake buƙata sosai, Koudas ya halarci makarantar dare kuma ya fara aiki. A wasu lokutan yana aiki a wurin gyaran wutar lantarki, shagon aski, gidan burodi, da kuma a otal ɗin tsakiyar Thessaloniki a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi da kuma mai karɓar baƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2015 |title=Ο Γιώργος Κούδας μέσα από διηγήσεις |trans-title=Giorgos Koudas through narratives |url=http://www.paokfc.gr/nea/20151123-o-giorgos-koudas-mesa-apo-diigiseis/ |publisher=paokfc.gr |language=el}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Haɓaka matsayi bayan rashin zuwa shekaru biyu === Koudas ya fara wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe na dama, yana sanye da riga mai lamba 7 a wasanni da dama da aka yi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙungiyoyin da kuma kafin haɗuwar manyan ƙungiyoyin. Ƙwarewarsa da dabarunsa sun yi fice nan da nan kuma nan da nan ya zama abin tattaunawa a tsakanin jama'a. Masoya da yawa sun halarci waɗannan wasannin matasa don kallon wannan matashin matashi mai kwarin gwiwa wanda zai iya wuce masu tsaron baya cikin sauƙi da kuma zura kwallaye. Koudas a hankali ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kai hari kuma ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar farko wasa a watan Disamba na 1963, yana da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavros Sountoulidis |date=21 December 2018 |title=Εν αρχή ην ο... Κούδας! |trans-title=Koudas debut |url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/stili/h-mixani-tou-xronou/article/1305657/en-arhi-o-koydas-infographics |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=gazzetta.gr |language=el}}</ref> Nan da nan baiwarsa ta fara yin fice kuma ya shiga kakar wasa ta farko a 1965-66 inda ya zira kwallaye 13 a wasanni 29 na lig. Duk da haka, a ranar 14 ga Yuli 1966, magoya bayan PAOK sun yi mamakin labarin haihuwar Koudas ga Piraeus, tare da mahaifinsa (wanda ya fusata da gwamnatin PAOK saboda dalilai na kuɗi) kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar sanya hannu don Olympiacos, wanda ya jarabce shi ta hanyar ba shi albashi mai yawa na shekara-shekara ba tare da shiga tattaunawa da ƙungiyarsa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 1966 |title=Δραματικαί εξελίξεις του ζητήματος Κούδα |trans-title=Dramatic turn of events in the Koudas case |url=http://efimeris.nlg.gr/ns/pdfwin_ftr.asp?c=124&pageid=46862&id=-1&s=0&STEMTYPE=0&STEM_WORD_PHONETIC_IDS=ARmASXASdASMASJASa&CropPDF=0 |access-date=19 February 2026 |page=5 |language=el}}</ref> Shugaban gudanarwa na PAOK, Giorgos Pantelakis, bai taɓa bayar da izinin kammala canja wurin ba, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, Koudas ya shiga wasannin sada zumunci na Olympiacos kawai. Babban Sakataren Wasanni na Soja, Kostas Aslanidis, ya ba da shawara a shekarar 1968 cewa Koudas ya koma PAOK na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan ya koma Olympiacos, amma Pantelakis ya ƙi cewa " ''Zan iya zuwa tsibirin Gyaros (wurin gudun hijira ga masu adawa da siyasa na hagu), amma Koudas ba zai taɓa zuwa Olympiacos ba'' ". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evgenios Dadaliaras |date=28 November 2019 |title=Το “όχι” του Παντελάκη στους δικτάτορες |trans-title=Pantelakis' "no" to the dictators |url=https://www.novasports.gr/sport/podosfairo/event/super-league-1/article/1706100/to-oxi-toy-pantelaki-stoys-diktatores/ |access-date=12 March 2025 |website=novasports.gr |language=el}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Η ιστορική απάντηση του Παντελάκη |trans-title=Pantelakis' historic response |url=http://www.mixanitouxronou.gr/ego-bori-na-pao-sti-giaro-o-koudas-omos-den-tha-pexi-ston-olimpiako-i-istoriki-apantisi-tou-proedrou-tou-paok-ston-chountiko-aslanidi-pou-mesolavise-gia-na-min-chalasi-i-metagrafi-i-diadilosi-t/ |access-date=13 July 2019 |website=mixanitouxronou.gr |language=el}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, Koudas ya koma PAOK a lokacin bazara na 1968, inda magoya baya suka yi masa maraba sosai. Sakamakon wannan lamari, ana ɗaukar hamayyar Olympiacos da PAOK a matsayin mafi tsananin hamayyar ƙwallon ƙafa a tsakanin birane a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vassilis Nikolopoulos |date=22 October 2017 |title=Ολυμπιακός – ΠΑΟΚ: Ξετυλίγοντας το κουβάρι της κόντρας που κρατά πάνω από μισό αιώνα |trans-title=A rivalry enduring for over half a century |url=http://www.eleftherostypos.gr/sports/136392-olympiakos-paok-ksetyligontas-to-koybari-tis-kontras-poy-krata-pano-apo-miso-aiona/ |access-date=10 October 2019 |language=el}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dimitris Moros |date=8 November 2013 |title=Αυτή η βεντέτα δε θα σβήσει ποτέ |trans-title=This vendetta would never fade away |url=https://www.tanea.gr/2013/11/08/sports/ayti-i-benteta-den-tha-sbisei-pote/ |access-date=4 January 2021 |language=el}}</ref> Domin shawararsa ta komawa ƙungiyar, Koudas bai yi magana da mahaifinsa ba wanda ya yi adawa da hakan tsawon shekaru 6. Abin mamaki, Koudas ya gano cewa mai tsaron kayan PAOK, Nikiforos Tsarpanas, ya bar akwatin ajiyarsa a cikin shekaru biyu da ya yi ba ya nan. === Dawowa da kuma gano shi da PAOK === Komawar Koudas zuwa PAOK a watan Agustan 1968 ta zo daidai da isowar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kamar Christos Terzanidis, Dimitris Paridis da Achilleas Aslanidis, yayin da ƙarin manyan Stavros Sarafis ya riga ya zo shekara guda da ta gabata. An sayi 'yan wasan baya na gefe Giannis Gounaris da Kostas Iosifidis a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma an ƙirƙiri ƙungiya mai kyau wacce aka ƙaddara ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau. PAOK ta fara yin gasa da manyan ƙungiyoyi daga Athens kuma ta sami nasarar lashe kofunan gida na farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. Koudas ya zira kwallaye biyu yayin da PAOK ta doke Panathinaikos 2-1 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin 1972 kuma ta jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga kofinta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2017 |title=1972 Greek Cup final Panathinaikos–PAOK 1–2 (5/7/1972) |url=https://www.ert.gr/arxeio-afierwmata/o-paok-katakta-to-kypello-elladas-5-iouliou-1972/ |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=ert.gr |language=el}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The first title |url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/history-2/titles/cup-1972-nchc/special-1972/ |website=paokfc.gr}}</ref> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, PAOK ta kuma lashe Kofin 1974 da kuma kofin lig na 1976, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cup Winner 1974 |url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/history-2/titles/cup-1974-nchc/special-1974/ |website=paokfc.gr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=At the top of the Greek Championship |url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/history-2/titles/champion-1976-nchc/special-1976/ |website=paokfc.gr}}</ref> amma a cewar Koudas, ƙungiyar ta cancanci lashe ƙarin kofuna a shekarun 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apostolos Pagonis |date=12 April 2015 |title=Κούδας: «Ήρθε η ώρα για τίτλους» |trans-title=Koudas: "The time for titles has come" |url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/article/726800/koydas-irthe-i-ora-gia-titloys |access-date=5 April 2025 |website=gazzetta.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1973, PAOK ta fafata da Ajax a wasan sada zumunci a filin wasa na Toumba, kuma bayan wasan, Koudas ya sami damar ganawa da babban Johan Cruyff . ''Dan wasan Holland din Flying'' ya shaida wa Koudas cewa yana da kwarewar da zai iya bugawa a wasu manyan lig-lig na Turai, kuma zai iya shirya tuntubar surukinsa wanda wakilin kwallon kafa ne. An yi mu'amalar kuma aka sanar da Koudas cewa zai yiwu a canza shi zuwa Espanyol . Duk da haka, bisa ga ka'idojin lokacin, kungiyarsa za ta karbi jimillar kudin canja wurin, yayin da sharuddan albashinsa a Espanyol ba su bayyana ba. Sabanin abin da ke faruwa a yau, a wancan lokacin kusan babu wani dan kwallon Girka da ya ketare iyaka kuma Koudas ya guji yin kasadarsa a kasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavros Sountoulidis |date=24 March 2016 |title=Ο ΠΑΟΚ, ο Κούδας και ο Κρόιφ (vid & pics) |trans-title=PAOK, Koudas and Cruyff |url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/article/896952/o-paok-o-koydas-kai-o-kroif-vid-pics |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=gazzetta.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> Koudas ya shafe dukkan aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa a PAOK yana buga wasanni 504 a babban rukuni na Alpha Ethniki da kuma wasanni 607 a duk gasannin da ya buga (bayanan tarihin PAOK a kowane lokaci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander |date=21 June 2003 |title=Greece 1983/84 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk84.html |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye 164 (133 a gasar) <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2017 |title=Τα 133 γκολ του Γιώργου Κούδα στο πρωτάθλημα |url=http://www.paokmania.gr/stiles/arxeio/aspromavres-istories/135545-ta-133-gol-tou-giorgou-koyda |access-date=25 October 2019 |website=paokmania.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> kuma ya halarci wasannin ƙarshe na Kofin Girka 9. Ya yi ritaya a watan Mayu na 1984, yana da shekaru 38, ya yi aiki sama da shekaru 20 a PAOK. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Blair |date=16 February 2015 |title=The incredible life and times of Greek hero Giorgios Koudas |url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2015/02/16/the-untold-story-of-giorgios-koudas/ |access-date=22 September 2018 |website=These Football Times}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Koudas ya buga wa tawagar ƙasar Girka wasanni 43, inda ya zira kwallaye huɗu, tsakanin 1967 da 1982. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamrud, Roberto |date=15 December 2016 |title=Greece - Record International Players |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/grk-recintlp.html |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya halarci gasar UEFA Euro 1980 da aka gudanar a Italiya, inda ya buga wasa a matakin rukuni da aka tashi kunnen doki 0-0 da West Germany . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney |first=Barrie |date=28 March 2007 |title=European Championship 1980 - Final Tournament - Full Details |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/80e-full.html |access-date=22 September 2018 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1995, shekaru goma sha ɗaya bayan ya yi ritaya, an gudanar da wasan shaida a filin wasa na Toumba kuma Koudas ya buga wasan ƙarshe a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ke fafatawa da Yugoslavia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Giorgos Koudas in eu-football.info |url=https://eu-football.info/_player.php?id=11143 |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=eu-football.info}}</ref> Wannan ya sa shi ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi tsufa (mai shekaru 48) da ya buga wasa a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa har sai da [[Gorge weah|George Weah]] (mai shekaru 51) ya doke tarihin a watan Satumbar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2021 |title=IFFHS News: The oldest international player ranking |url=https://iffhs.com/posts/1332 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=IFFHS |archive-date=31 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531035310/https://iffhs.com/posts/1332 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan kuma ya ba shi damar kafa tarihin mafi tsawo na tsawon lokacin bugawa a ƙasashen waje na Turai tsakanin wasa na farko da na ƙarshe a shekaru 27 da watanni 10, wanda ya zarce tarihin da Billy Meredith ya kafa a kusan shekaru 25, <ref>{{Cite web |title=European international players by career length |url=https://eu-football.info/_players.php?data=1 |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=eu-football.info}}</ref> da kuma na biyu mafi tsayi a duniya, bayan Billy Bohan na Alderney da shekaru 27 da kwanaki 339. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=Oldest and Youngest Players and Goal-scorers in International Football: Men - Longest 'Career' Span |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/oldest-youngest.html#mlc |access-date=24 June 2025 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Bayan busa na ƙarshe, an bayyana ƙararsa a filin ƙwallon ƙafa na Toumba Stadium (kusa da ƙofar shiga ramin 'yan wasa) kuma Koudas ya fashe da kuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavros Sountoulidis |date=20 September 2022 |title=Ο τελευταίος χορός του Γιώργου Κούδα στην Τούμπα (pics & vids) |trans-title=Koudas' last dance at Toumba Stadium |url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/2153214/o-teleytaios-horos-toy-giorgoy-koyda-stin-toympa-pics-vids |access-date=12 March 2025 |website=gazzetta.gr |language=el}}</ref> == Sauran ayyukan da suka shafi ƙwallon ƙafa == Koudas ya yi ritaya a watan Mayun 1984, kuma nan ba da daɗewa ba shugaban PAOK FC Pantelakis ya naɗa shi a matsayin babban manajan ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 1984-85, wanda ya ƙare da lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta biyu a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=Όταν ο ΠΑΟΚ πανηγύριζε το δεύτερο του πρωτάθλημα (Pics+vid) |trans-title=When PAOK was celebrating their second championship |url=https://www.sdna.gr/podosfairo/849883_otan-o-paok-panigyrize-deytero-toy-protathlima-picsvid |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=sdna.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> A watan Satumba na shekarar 1987, na ɗan gajeren lokaci (wasanni 3 na gasar lig), Koudas ya kasance mataimakin manaja na Iraklis tare da Kostas Aidiniou . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2021 |title=Αϊδινίου: Το «σκαθάρι» που έγινε 73 ετών και οι ξεχωριστές «ιστορίες» του |trans-title=Aidiniou: The "beetle" that turned 73 and his special stories |url=https://www.amna.gr/sport/article/530661/ThEMA-Kostas-Aidiniou-To-skathari-pou-egine-73-eton-kai-oi-xechoristes-istories-tou |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=amna.gr |language=Greek}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander Mastrogiannopoulos |date=19 June 2003 |title=Greece 1987/88 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk88.html |access-date=15 February 2014 |publisher=RSSSF}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2012, [[Ivan Savvidi|Ivan Savvidis]] ya zama babban mai hannun jari a PAOK FC kuma tun daga ƙarshen 2015 Koudas yana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba shi shawara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2015 |title=New Board of Directors of PAOK FC |url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/news/20151221-to-neo-ds-tis-pae-paok/ |publisher=paokfc.gr}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manqzarta== 0in4llvjqjkjbgfjxoio878hjqy822a Gabriela Enache 0 150709 891478 834513 2026-08-04T20:55:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriela Ștefania Enache''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1974) <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Player Statistics: Gabriela ENACHE |url=http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=191728/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101033718/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=191728/index.html |archive-date=1 November 2012 |access-date=13 May 2023 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce mai ritaya ta ƙungiyar mata wacce ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Romania wasa . Ita ce mace mafi hazaka a tarihin cin kwallaye a duniya a ƙasar Romania. <ref name="ffr-enache">{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=Gabriela Enache: Cea Mai Bună Marcatoare Din Istoria României |trans-title=Gabriela Enache: The Best Scorer in Romanian History |url=https://fotbalfemininromania.ro/gabriela-enache-cea-mai-buna-marcatoare-din-istoria-romaniei/ |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=Fotbal Feminin Romania |language=ro}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2001, Enache ta zira kwallaye uku a raga da kuma uku a gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA, gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar mata ta Turai da aka fi sani da UEFA Champions League. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=Who scored the first goals in UEFA's competitions? |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaconferenceleague/news/0253-0d8226f62167-bb95306965de-1000--who-scored-the-first-goals-in-uefa-s-competitions/ |access-date=13 May 2023 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anii 2000–2009 |trans-title=Years 2000–2009 |url=https://arhivafotbalistelor.ro/anii-2000-2009/ |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=Arhiva Fotbalistelor |publisher=Asociația Vira |language=ro}}</ref> Ita ce kuma ta farko da ta zira kwallaye a gasar. <ref name="uefa-records">{{Cite web |date=1 May 2023 |title=UEFA Women's Champions League records |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/news/025b-0ef163bc672f-4f70d38ff3af-1000--uefa-women-s-champions-league-records/ |access-date=13 May 2023 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2018 |title=UEFA Women's Champions League: Statistics |url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/245 |access-date=13 May 2023 |publisher=[[IFFHS]] |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513195407/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/245 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Enache 'yar asalin birnin Brăila ce da ke Muntenia, gabashin [[Romainiya|Romania]], inda ta fara buga ƙwallon hannu . Ta koma ƙwallon ƙafa tun tana da shekaru 15 kuma ta fara buga gasar Division B shekara guda bayan haka tare da Voința Brăila. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> == Aikin kulob == === A Romania === Enache ta buga wasa a ƙungiyoyin Romania Voința Brăila (daga baya aka sanya mata suna Venus Brăila) har zuwa lokacin da aka wargaza ƙungiyar a shekarar 1994, sannan Fartec Brașov ta yi wasa har zuwa lokacin da aka wargaza ƙungiyar a shekarar 1995. Daga nan ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar CFR Constanța har zuwa shekarar 1997, sannan ta sake farfaɗo da Fartec Brașov a matsayin ICIM Brașov har zuwa shekarar 1998. Daga nan ta shiga ƙungiyar zakarun gasar Conpet Ploiești, wadda ta gaza bayan janyewar mai tallafawa a shekarar 2000. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> Ta lashe gasar Romanian league tare da Fartec Brașov a shekarar 1995, kuma ta lashe gasar sau biyu tare da Contet Ploiești a shekarar 1999 da 2000. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> === A Moldova === Bayan rashin kwanciyar hankali a Ploiești, Enache ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Moldova [[FC Codru Chișinău]], wadda ta lashe gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Moldova a kakar wasa ta farko kuma ta cancanci shiga gasar ƙungiyar mata ta UEFA ta farko, wato gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA ta 2001–02 . <ref name="ffr-enache"/> A wasan zagaye na biyu na cancanta da ƙungiyar NK Ilirija Ljubljana ta ƙasar Slovenia, Enache ta zura kwallaye huɗu a zagaye na farko da kuma shida a zagaye na biyu a lokacin da Codru ta yi nasara a kan jimillar kwallaye 18-0. Kwallon da Enache ta zura a minti na biyu a zagaye na farko ita ce kwallo ta farko da aka taɓa zurawa a gasar, kuma ƙwallonta ta uku a zagaye na farko ta tabbatar da nasarar farko a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stokkermans |first=Karel |date=28 August 2002 |title=UEFA Club Championship (Women) 2001/02 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/ec/ec-wom02.html |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ta ci ƙarin kwallaye biyu a kan ƙungiyar wasanni ta College Sports Club Yerevan ta ƙasar Armenia a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 9-0 a lokacin matakin rukuni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2001 |title=Codru-College |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/68386--codru-vs-college/ |access-date=13 May 2023 |website=[[UEFA Women's Champions League]] |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> amma Codru ta gaza ci gaba. Enache ta kammala gasar da kwallaye 12, wanda ya fi kowanne ɗan wasa. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> <ref name="uefa-records"/> === A Italiya === A shekara ta 2002, Enache ta koma ASD Torres Calcio amma ba ta sami izinin aiki ba kuma ba ta taɓa shiga ƙungiyar ba. Madadin haka, ta buga wasa a ƙungiyar Atletico Orestano ta Serie B kuma ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar ƙwararru. A shekara ta 2003 ta sake komawa Villaputzu. A tsawon shekaru takwas da ta yi tana buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Italiya, Enache ta zura kwallaye sama da 130. A shekara ta 2010, ta canza matsayi don zama mai tsaron baya na tsakiya tare da ACF Villacidro, sannan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2012. <ref name="ffr-enache" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Enache ya zura kwallaye 57 a wasanni 92 na kasa da kasa tsawon shekaru 11 tare da babbar tawagar kasar Romania. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Enache yana auren kocin Romania kuma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Miron Tudose. <ref name="ffr-enache"/> == Daraja == * Gasar Romania (3): 1995, 1999, 2000 * Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Moldovan (1): 2001 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] 7cv9qw3p6rqx7coi1cmbdg72bo48ufj Emmanuel Michael 0 151341 891375 858329 2026-08-04T14:23:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emmanuel Michael''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Yuni 2006) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda a halin yanzu yake buga wasa a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na gaba]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Austria wato LASK . == Aikin kulob == An yi wa Michael kallon ƙwallon ƙafa a makarantar Simoiben Football Academy lokacin da yake buga wasa babu takalmi a kan titunan [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] . <ref name="sports">{{Cite web |last=Ochicha |first=Lovette |date=16 February 2024 |title=Rising Star: Emmanuel Michael's Inspirational Journey From Streets Of Kaduna To Flying Eagles U-20 |url=https://www.sports247.ng/rising-star-emmanuel-michaels-inspirational-journey-from-streets-of-kaduna-to-flying-eagles-u-20/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=sports247.ng}}</ref> Bayan ya taka rawar gani a makarantar da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Najeriya, ƙungiyoyin Midtjylland da Huesca na Denmark da Spain sun yi masa bincike. <ref name="sports" /> Ƙungiyoyin Ajax da AS Monaco na Holland da Faransa sun kuma nemi shi, inda aka ruwaito cewa na biyun ya yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukarsa kafin ya cika shekara 18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2022 |title=Like Endrick - Monaco Pushing To Sign Nigeria U17 Star Emmanuel Michael Before He Turns 18 |url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2022/12/28/like-endrick-monaco-pushing-to-sign-nigeria-u17-star-emmanuel-michael-before-he-turns-18/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=owngoalnigeria.com}}</ref> Duk da wannan sha'awar, ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya [[Gombe United F.C.|ta Gombe United]] a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon shekara guda a watan Oktoban 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeyanju |first=Oluwayemisi Afolabi |date=2 October 2023 |title=U17 AFCON Star, Emmanuel Michael Joins Gombe United |url=https://www.ckdmedia.ng/post/u17-afcon-star-emmanuel-micheal-joins-gombe-united |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=ckdmedia.ng |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009205001/https://www.ckdmedia.ng/post/u17-afcon-star-emmanuel-micheal-joins-gombe-united |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin wannan watan, jaridar ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta Ingila ta naɗa shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa da aka haifa a shekarar 2006 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christenson |first=Marcus |last2=Bloor |first2=Steven |last3=Blight |first3=Garry |date=11 October 2023 |title=Next Generation 2023: 60 of the best young talents in world football |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2023/oct/11/next-generation-2023-60-of-the-best-young-talents-in-world-football |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=theguardian.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2023 |title=Nigeria U17 Star Emmanuel Michael In List Of Best Young Talents In The World |url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2023/10/12/nigeria-u17-star-emmanuel-michael-in-list-of-best-young-talents-in-the-world/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=owngoalnigeria.com}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2024, ya koma ƙungiyar LASK ta ƙasar Austria, inda aka tura shi ƙungiyar 'B' ta ƙungiyar, Juniors OÖ . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2024 |title=LASK signs Emmanuel Michael for the amateurs |url=https://www.lask.at/de/m/news/lask-verpflichtet-emmanuel-michael-fuer-die-amateure |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=lask.at |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abel |first=Kelechi |date=10 August 2024 |title=Golden Eaglets Star Officially Joins Austrian Club |url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/transfer-news/golden-eaglets-star-officially-joins-austrian-club/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=footballinnigeria.com.ng}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An kira shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Najeriya 'yan kasa da shekara 17 don shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 (wanda aka sanya wa suna ''WAFU-B U17 na 2022'' ), Michael ya zura kwallaye a wasan farko, inda ya yi nasara da ci 4-2 a kan Ghana . Ya biyo baya da kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Ivory Coast da ci 3-1, inda ya lashe kyautar ''Man Of the Match'' sau uku a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Emmanuel Michael tops List Of Five Nigeria U17 Players Shining Bright At WAFU B Championship |url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2022/06/22/emmanuel-michael-tops-list-of-five-nigeria-u17-players-shining-bright-at-wafu-b-championship/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=owngoalnigeria.com}}</ref> Bayan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe gasar WAFU-B U17 ta 2022, abokan wasansa a Kwalejin Simoiben Football Academy sun karrama shi lokacin da ya dawo Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Afolayan |first=Toyosi |date=12 July 2022 |title=Simoiben football academy honor Golden Eaglets' star Emmanuel Michael |url=https://myleaguewire.com/2022/07/12/simoiben-football-academy-honor-golden-eaglets-star-emmanuel-michael/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=myleaguewire.com |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009203458/https://myleaguewire.com/2022/07/12/simoiben-football-academy-honor-golden-eaglets-star-emmanuel-michael/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya aka bayyana cewa ya kusa rasa gasar; bayan ya isa sansanin horo a makare, masu horar da 'yan wasan Najeriya da farko sun so a cire shi daga ƙungiyar, amma bayan wata ganawa tsakanin shugaban [[Hukumar Kwallon Kafar Najeriya|hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], [[Ibrahim Musa Gusau]], da mamallakin Kwalejin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Simoiben, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya [[Moses Simon]], an dawo da shi. An kira shi cikin tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta wucin gadi don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawkson |first=Leroy |date=17 February 2024 |title=Nigeria name provisional football squad for 13th African Games |url=https://www.asaaseradio.com/nigeria-name-provisional-football-squad-for-13th-african-games/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=asaaseradio.com}}</ref> amma bai samu shiga cikin tawagar ƙarshe ba saboda raunin da ya samu a idon sawu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2024 |title=Emmanuel Michael's Fitness Concerns Ahead of All Africa Games |url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/player-health-and-injuries/emmanuel-michaels-fitness-concerns-ahead-of-all-africa-games/ |access-date=9 October 2024 |website=footballinnigeria.com.ng |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009203459/https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/player-health-and-injuries/emmanuel-michaels-fitness-concerns-ahead-of-all-africa-games/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Salon wasan == Kwararren mai buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, [1] [2] Michael ya yaba wa dan wasan Najeriya Moses Simon saboda ba shi takalma bayan ya ci kwallo daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a wasan da Najeriya ta yi da Ghana a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta 2023. [3] Ya ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi da Ivory Coast da ci 3-1 a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar. [4] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] coqhdn7z8na53jc9rp1zl9pzk7xoltj Rayo Vallecano 0 151433 891612 836737 2026-08-05T07:40:16Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, S.A.D.''' sau da yawa an taƙaita shi zuwa Rayo Ƙungiyar ce ta ƙwararrun Kwallon ƙafa na Mutanen Espanya da ke zaune a gundumar Puente de Vallecas ta Madrid. Kungiyar tana fafatawa a La Liga, babbar jirgin kwallon kafa ta [[Ispaniya|Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|title=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|website=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|language=es|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2017-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708210040/http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|url-status=live}}</ref> An kafa shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1924, an san kulob din da al'adun zamantakewa da al'adu, wanda aka san shi da wakiltar al'adun yankin da kuma matsayin ma'aikata. An buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas mai iya ɗaukar mutane 14,708 tun shekara ta 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|title=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|website=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|language=es|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2017-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708210040/http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin tarihinta, Rayo ya shafe shekaru 22 a saman jirgin, kuma ya taka leda a gasa biyu na Turai, Kofin UEFA a kakar 2000-01 da kuma Kungiyar Taron UEFA ta 2025-26. Kungiyar ta lashe gasar Segunda División ta 2017-18. Ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi, Rayo shine kulob na uku mafi kyau a cikin Community of Madrid, bayan Real Madrid da Atletico Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rayovallecano.es/historia/|title=Historia resumida del Rayo|trans-title=Brief history of Rayo|publisher=Rayo Vallecano|language=es|access-date=4 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407061142/http://www.rayovallecano.es/historia/|archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa Rayo Vallecano a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1924 a garin Prudencia Priego, matar shugaban kulob din na farko Julián Huerta . River Plate (kungiyar kwallon kafa daga [[Argentina]]) ce ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta sosai, a cikin 1949, bayan yarjejeniya da Atletico Madrid, an kara jan layi a cikin kayan aikin tawagar, kuma kulob din ya kai Tercera División a karo na farko a tarihinsa. ==Al'adun kulob din da magoya baya== Rayo Vallecano kungiya ce ta kwallon kafa da ke unguwar Vallecas ta Madrid, a al'adance ana daukar ta a matsayin yanki mai aiki tare da karfi na hagu. Vallecas ya kasance sansanin Jamhuriyar Republican a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Spain kuma ya girma sosai a ƙarƙashin mulkin Franco yayin da yake karɓar baƙi daga wasu sassan Spain, da yawa daga cikinsu sun fuskanci wahalar tattalin arziki ko zalunci na siyasa. Kungiyar tana da alaƙa da al'ummar yankin, kuma duka unguwar da kulob din suna riƙe da bambancin ainihi, sau da yawa ana jaddada su ta hanyar madadin rubutun "Vallekas". Sakamakon haka, magoya bayan Rayo Vallecano, musamman ƙungiyar Bukaneros, galibi suna hagu, masu adawa da fascist, kuma suna da ƙwazo a siyasa. A cikin masu tsayawa, suna nuna banners, flags, da kuma nune-nunen gani a kai a kai suna nuna adawa da wariyar launin fata, fascism, homophobia, da kuma kasuwanci na kwallon kafa, yayin da suke tallafawa haƙƙin mata, haƙƙin ma'aikata, da hadin kan kasa da kasa, gami da saƙon goyon bayan Palasdinawa. Waƙoƙi galibi suna ɗauke da abubuwan siyasa, kuma magoya baya suna da al'adar zanga-zangar jama'a, kamar yin ba'a ga yanke shawara na league akan tsara wasan ko nuna yadda ake amfani da magoya baya. Ana nuna tutar Jamhuriyar Republican, hotuna na Che Guevara, da kuma taken yakin basasar Mutanen Espanya "¡No pasarán!" a wasanni. A shekara ta 2014 kulob din da magoya bayan sun taimaka wa Carmen Martinez Ayudo, wata mace mai shekaru 85, bayan an kore ta daga gidanta, kuma ta tashi banners da ke karantawa "Kashewar jihar da ke fama da rashin lafiya, hadin kan unguwar ma'aikata" da aka nuna a wasan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|title=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|website=Estadio de Vallecas {{!}} Rayo - Web Oficial|language=es|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-date=2017-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708210040/http://www.rayovallecano.es/club/estadio|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fayil:Alineación Rayo Vallecano1.jpg|thumb|Kugiyar Rayo Vallecano]] ==Manazarta== rtag2xs3rowv9sfugpxndfus2olng65 Eleta Kingsley 0 151628 891327 884142 2026-08-04T12:47:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eleta Kingsley Oshiokha''' ( Bengali ; an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bangladesh Premier League Brothers Union . An haife shi a Najeriya, ya wakilci Bangladesh a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Nigerian Eleta Kingsley makes debut in Bangladesh jersey |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/sport/2023/03/25/nigerian-kingsley-makes-debut-in-bangladesh-jersey |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Tariq scores winner against Seychelles on Kingsley's debut |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/sports/tariq-scores-winner-against-seychelles-kingsleys-debut-605442 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=The Business Standard}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Kingsley ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya yi rajista a makarantun koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya. <ref name="tribune">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Syed Faiz |date=20 September 2021 |title=Eleta Kingsley: The saga of confidence, harmony and love of a Bangladeshi family man |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/sport/2021/09/20/eleta-kingsley-the-saga-of-confidence-harmony-and-love-of-a-bangladeshi-family-man |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> Ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa tare da [[Warri Wolves F.C.|hukumar kula da tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta Najeriya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kingsley |first=Eleta |date=30 November 2022 |title=A stroke of good fortune |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/football/2022/11/30/a-stroke-of-good-fortune |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Kingsley ya fara buga wasansa na gaba da ƙungiyar Gabros International FC ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2005 |title=African leagues round-up: 12-13 Feb |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4264033.stm |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Batalha |first=José |last2=Schöggl |first2=Hans |date=27 September 2018 |title=Nigeria 2004 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig04.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Bayan haka, ya buga wa [[Dolphin FC (Nijeriya)|ƙungiyar Dolphin FC]] wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2006 |title=Nigeria: Glo League: Ocean Boys Cry Foul |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605020284.html |website=All Africa}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2011, ya buga wa ƙungiyar Akwa United FC ta Najeriya wasa <ref name="goal">{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Ritabrata |date=14 September 2021 |title=Bangladesh set to feature Nigeria-born forward Eleta Kingsley in SAFF Championship 2021 |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/bangladesh-awaits-fifa-nod-eleta-kingsley-saff-championship/1x61rv8xzhaja1wi08q1p03j5d |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> Bayan haka, ya bar Najeriya ya tafi Uzbekistan, amma saboda matsalolin izinin aiki da sauran matsaloli, dole ne ya bar ƙasar, daga ƙarshe ya nufi Bangladesh bisa shawarar wani abokinsa. <ref name="tribune"/> Ya buga wasa tsakanin 'yan ƙasashen waje da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar ƙasa, inda ya burge shi kuma ya sami tayi daga manyan ƙungiyoyin Bangladesh kamar Abahani Limited Dhaka da Sheikh Jamal DC, amma maimakon haka ya sanya hannu a Arambagh KS saboda ya yi alƙawari a kansu a baya. <ref name="tribune" /> Ya zira kwallaye uku a wasansa na farko a gasar Premier ta Bangladesh a 2012 da Sheikh Jamal DC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bakul |first=Wahid Ullah |date=27 August 2020 |title=Kingsley in love with Bangladesh |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/114701/kingsley-in-love-with-bangladesh |website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] |access-date=18 May 2026 |archive-date=21 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921074451/https://www.newagebd.net/article/114701/kingsley-in-love-with-bangladesh |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2012, Kingsley ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar BJMC . <ref name="kumparan">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2022 |title=Profil Eleta Kingsley, Striker Naturalisasi Bangladesh Calon Lawan Indonesia |trans-title=Profile of Eleta Kingsley, Bangladesh Naturalization Striker Candidate Against Indonesia |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparanbola/profil-eleta-kingsley-striker-naturalisasi-bangladesh-calon-lawan-indonesia-1xGGu7zq6ix/3 |website=kumparanBOLA |language=Indonesian}}</ref> A cikin 2013, ya shiga Muktijoddha Sangsad KC . <ref name="kumparan"/> A shekarar 2015, ya buga wasa tare da Chittagong Abahani a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Sheikh Kamal ta shekarar 2015, inda ya lashe gasar kuma ya kare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye da kwallaye 5, sannan ya lashe kyautar gwarzon dan wasa a wasan karshe, da kuma gwarzon dan wasa mafi daraja a gasar. Bayan haka, ya koma ƙungiyar BJMC, inda ya ci gaba da zama tare da ƙungiyar har zuwa shekarar 2019. <ref name="kumparan"/> A wasan Kofin 'Yanci na 2016, ya zira kwallaye 5 a wasan da suka doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Feni da ci 6-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2016 |title=BJMC ride on Kingsley treble |url=https://m.theindependentbd.com/arcprint/details/41074/2016-04-19 |website=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref> Ya tafi aro na ɗan lokaci na 'yan kwanaki a shekarar 2019 zuwa Bashundhara Kings . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2021 |title=Eleta Kingsley awarded Bangladesh citizenship |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=303752 |website=[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ya koma Arambagh KS . <ref name="kumparan"/> A shekarar 2021, ya sanya hannu a kan Bashundhara Kings . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2021 |title=Kingsley's BPL fate hangs in balance |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/news/kingsleys-bpl-fate-hangs-balance-2082701 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Mayu 2022, ya fara buga gasar cin kofin AFC da Maziya a matsayin wanda ya cancanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2022 |title=Kings make winning start AFC Cup 2022 |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/621408/Kings-make-winning-start-AFC-Cup-2022 |website=[[Daily Sun (Bangladesh)|Daily Sun]] |access-date=18 May 2026 |archive-date=16 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216014621/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/621408/Kings-make-winning-start-AFC-Cup-2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya sanya hannu a Dhaka Abahani . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=Eleta Kingsley to play for Dhaka Abahani |url=https://thedailynewnation.com/news/337837/Eleta-Kingsley-to-play-for-Dhaka-Abahani |website=The New Nation}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya buga wasa da Muktijoddha Sangsad KC da ke Chittagong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chittagong, amma an sake shi bayan ya buga wasanni biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=The end of the road for Kingsley in Bangladesh football? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/the-end-the-road-kingsley-bangladesh-football-3450551 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2024, Kingsley ya sanya hannu da Brothers Union . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2024 |title=এবার ব্রাদার্স ইউনিয়নে এলিটা কিংসলে |trans-title=This time it's Elita Kingsley in Brothers Union |url=https://protidinerbangladesh.com/sports/92565/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%EF%BB%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87 |website=Protidiner Bangladesh |language=Bengali}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a kungiyar Brothers Union, a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Bashundhara Kings. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2024 |title=Kingsley scores on ‘debut’ but Kings celebrate 100 in style |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/kingsley-scores-debut-kings-celebrate-100-style-3578246 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An haife shi a matsayin [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]], Kingsley ya sami takardar zama ɗan ƙasar Bangladesh a shekarar 2021, ta hanyar zama ɗan wasa na ƙasa, ya zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na ƙasashen waje da ya sami fasfo na Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2021 |title=Kingsley shines in Kings' win |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/142020/kingsley-shines-in-kings-win |website=[[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]] |access-date=18 May 2026 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325133431/https://www.newagebd.net/article/142020/kingsley-shines-in-kings-win |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sanya shi cikin tawagar farko ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bangladesh don gasar cin kofin SAFF ta 2021, amma bai sami damar wakiltar ƙungiyar ba saboda rashin samun izini daga FIFA akan lokaci don cancanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Eleta to miss Saff Championship, wait grows for Bangladesh debut |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/sport/2021/09/27/eleta-to-miss-saff-championship-wait-grows-for-bangladesh-debut |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2023, an sanya shi cikin tawagar wucin gadi kafin wasannin sada zumunci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=জাতীয় দল ঘোষণা; নতুন মুখ তিন |trans-title=National team announcement; New face three |url=https://www.offsidebangladesh.com/জাতীয়-দল-ঘোষণা-নতুন-মুখ-ত/ |website=Offside Bangladesh |language=Bengali}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2023 |title=Kingsley included in preliminary squad for tri-nation tournament |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/kingsley-included-preliminary-squad-tri-nation-tournament-3261366 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> Ya buga wasa a wasan sada zumunci na ban mamaki da Bangladesh a ranar 15 ga Maris 2023 da Malawi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2023 |title=No one like Kingsley: Jamal Bhuiyan |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/no-one-kingsley-jamal-bhuiyan-3279561 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a hukumance a wasan da aka maye gurbinsa a ranar 25 ga Maris da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Seychelles|Seychelles]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2023 |title=Nigerian Eleta Kingsley makes debut in Bangladesh jersey |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/football/2023/03/25/nigerian-kingsley-makes-debut-in-bangladesh-jersey |website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Kingsley a Najeriya, yana zaune a yankin Bashundhara tare da matarsa Liza 'yar Bangladesh, wacce ya aura a watan Mayu na 2012. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace mai suna Safira. [1] Ya nemi izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Bangladesh a shekarar 2014, kuma an ba shi izinin a shekarar 2021. [2] == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 22 August 2023}}<ref>{{soccerway|484567}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Wani kofi ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="2" | Ƙungiyar BJMC | 2017–18 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 18 | 8 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 18 | 8 |- | 2018–19 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 11 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 11 | 3 |- | Arambagh KS | 2020 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 5 | 6 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 5 | 6 |- | rowspan="2" | Sarakunan Bashundhara | 2021 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 9 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 9 | 3 |- | 2022 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 9 | 6 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 2 | 0 | 11 | 6 |- | Dhaka Abahani | 2022–23 | Gasar Premier ta Bangladesh | 14 | 8 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 0 | 0 | 14 | 8 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 66 ! 34 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 2 ! 0 ! 68 ! 34 |} == Daraja == '''Chittagong Abahani''' * Kofin Ƙungiyoyin Duniya na Sheikh Kamal : 2015 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Sheikh Kamal International Club Cup : 2015 * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallo a Gasar Cin Kofin Independence : 2016 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nxi4py7680ecp0p5ottfg9mksp7xzmi 2018-2021 Kudancin Afirka fari 0 152366 891597 868847 2026-08-05T07:05:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yankin [[Kudancin Afirka]] na 2018-2021 wani lokaci ne na fari wanda ya faru a Kudancin Afrika. An fara fari a ƙarshen Oktoba 2018, kuma ya shafi tsaron abinci a yankin. A tsakiyar watan Agusta 2019, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class ta hanyar Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa, Zimbabwe from 11 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 15 Feb 2019 00:27 UTC |url=http://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=9&eventtype=DR |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> An rage matakin faɗakarwa zuwa Orange-1.7 a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2019, yayin da sabon lokacin rigar ya fara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red Drought alert for Zambezi Basin-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe from 21 Oct 2018 00:00 UTC to 01 Dec 2019 13:51 UTC |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=42&eventtype=DR |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020, an rarraba fari a matsayin matakin 2 na Red-Class.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overall Red alert Drought for Southern Africa-2018 in Angola, Botswana, Congo, DRC, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe |url=https://www.gdacs.org/report.aspx?eventid=1012728&episodeid=46&eventtype=DR |access-date=2020-01-22 |website=www.gdacs.org}}</ref> Rashin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=Global Weather Hazards Summary: March 5 - 11, 2021 - World |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-weather-hazards-summary-march-5-11-2021 |access-date=2021-03-10 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Da farko a watan Oktoba 2021, Afirka ta Kudu ta sami sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama kuma tafkunan sun cika a farkon 2022. == Bayyanawa == === Tarihi === A matsayin yanki, Kudancin Afirka a tarihi yana cikin haɗarin fari; yiwuwar saboda dalilai da yawa na yanayi da zamantakewa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Southern Africa {{!}} Drought {{sic|Situtation|nolink=y}} – Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) – DG ECHO Daily Map {{!}} 29/01/2019 - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/map/zimbabwe/southern-africa-drought-situtation-emergency-response-coordination-centre-ercc-dg-echo |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> [[Yanayin Afirka ta Kudu|Yanayin Kudancin Afirka]] yana shafar yanayin ruwan sama mai karfi na yanayi; yawancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin yana samuwa ne daga guguwa daga farkon Nuwamba zuwa Maris, yana samar da abin da ake la'akari da Lokacin rigar Kudancin Afrika. Watanni masu laushi na ruwan sama suna cika ƙasar yankin, suna ba da danshi wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin watanni masu bushewa na shekara. Duk da yake wannan sake zagayowar yawanci abin dogaro ne, abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi - kamar abubuwan da suka faru na [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] - suna rushe matakin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na yankin; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Africa: Drought - Nov 2018 |url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/dr-2018-000429-zwe |access-date=2019-02-15 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da raguwar rayuwar shuke-shuke na yankin, raguwar matakan ruwa a cikin ruwa da asarar danshi daga ƙasa, tare da tasirin ƙarshe yana haifar da fari. Kamar yadda kafofin suka lura, ƙananan Ci gaban tattalin arziki na Kudancin Afirka da dogaro da aikin gona - wato amfanin gona da dabbobi - sun bar yankin da ke da saukin kamuwa da fari.<ref name=":2"/> Kodayake akwai bambance-bambance, ma[[noma]] na yankin [[shuka]] shuka amfanin gonar su na gaba a ƙarshen Oktoba - wannan shuka yana daidai da ruwan sama da ake tsammani wanda ya fara zuwa a watan Nuwamba. Watanni biyar zuwa shida masu zuwa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "mai tsabta", a lokacin da ake cin abinci da aka adana yayin da ruwan sama na "ruwa" na lokaci guda ke ciyar da amfanin gona na shekara mai zuwa. Koyaya, idan ruwan sama na yau da kullun ya rushe ta hanyar yanayin yanayi, ana jinkirta shuka har zuwa Nuwamba ko farkon Disamba, wanda ke haifar da tsawon lokacin "mai laushi" kafin a iya girbe amfanin gona. Idan yanayin yanayi na yankin ya lalace sosai don haifar da fari, rashin ruwan sama da asarar danshi daga ƙasa sau da yawa yakan haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin samar da aikin gona na Kudancin Afirka; sakamakon yanayin tattalin arziki yana haifar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa da raguwa a matakin tsaro na abinci na yanki.<ref name=":2" /> A ƙarshen 2015 - farkon kakar 2016, wani taron El Niño ya haifar da fari a wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2019 |title=FAO in the 2019 humanitarian appeal: 2018/19 El Niño Response Plan for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/fao-2019-humanitarian-appeal-201819-el-ni-o-response-plan-southern-africa |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa farkon fari na El Niño na 2018-19, wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka ba su riga sun warke daga tasirin fari na baya ba.<ref name=":0" /> A Namibia, fari na 2012/2013 an yi la'akari da shi mafi muni a cikin shekaru goma kamar yadda kusan kashi 42% idan yawan jama'a sun fuskanci rashin tsaro na abinci. Gwamnatin Namibia ta ayyana dokar ta baci a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shikangalah |first=Rosemary |date=30 July 2020 |title=The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342610841 |journal=University of Namibia |pages=40 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> == Fari na 2018-2021 == === Gargaɗin farko === A watan Agusta da Satumba na shekara ta 2018, kungiyoyi da yawa sun fara gargadi manoma game da yiwuwar fari mai zuwa. A watan Agustan 2018 Kudancin Afirka ya shawarci manoma da su guji sayar da wasu abincin da suka adana daga kakar da ta gabata, kuma a watan Satumbar 2018 Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (FAO) ta ba da gargadi ga ƙasashen Kudancin Afrika game da samar da yanayin fari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2018 |title=FAO Warns Southern Africa to Prepare for Drought |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/fao-warns-southern-africa-to-prepare-for-drought/4559235.html |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Patrick Kormawa, mai kula da yanki na FAO a Kudancin Afirka, ya yi hasashen yiwuwar kashi 40 cikin 100 da yankin zai shafi wani taron El Niño a cikin Fall 2018.<ref name=":1" /> === Fari na yanzu === [[File:DroughtinNamibia.jpg|thumb|Mataccen [[oryx]] (wata irin barewa) a ƙasar Namibia.]] A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2018, wani lamari na El Niño ya hargitsa ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na Kudancin Afirka. Tasiri na farko na wannan hargitsi shi ne jinkirin ranar shuka, wanda aka tura shi baya daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa farkon Nuwamba. A cikin Nuwamba, wani rahoto da Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na Gudanar da Al'amuran Jin Kai (OCHA) ya fitar ya bayyana cewa akwai yajin kashi 80 cikin ɗari na cewa lamarin El Niño zai ci gaba har zuwa watan Disamba; ya kuma lura cewa mutane miliyan 9.6 a Kudancin Afirka suna fuskantar matsananciyar ƙarancin abinci (food-insecure) tun daga farkon lokacin rani na shekarar 2019.<ref name=":3" /> Farin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 2019 inda yankuna da dama a Kudancin Afirka suka sami raguwar ruwan sama sosai. Wani rahoto<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ca3071en_0.pdf|title=Southern Africa Dry weather conditions reduce agricultural production prospects in 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 22 January 2019.}}</ref> daga hukumar FAO ya lura cewa, ko da yake ruwan sama ya ɗan sarara a ƙarshen Disamba 2018, yankuna da dama a cikin rukunin suna fama da matsananciyar fari da kuma tasirin da ke tattare da shi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/Madagascar/giews-update-southern-africa-dry-weather-conditions-reduce-agricultural-production|title=GIEWS Update: Southern Africa - Dry weather conditions reduce agricultural production prospects in 2019 (22 January 2019) - Madagascar|website=ReliefWeb|date=22 January 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekarar 2019, sassan Kudancin Afirka sun ci gaba da kasancewa cikin fari da ke gudana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/zimbabwe/southern-africa-food-security-alert-february-1-2019|title=Southern Africa Food Security Alert: February 1, 2019 - Zimbabwe|website=ReliefWeb|date=2 February 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref> Ruwan sama mafi yawa fiye da na al'ada a cikin makonnin farko na watan Fabrairu a wasu wurare ya rage radadin fari na cikin gida,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/GlobalWeatherHazard-19.02.15.pdf|title=Famine Early Warning System Network. Hosted by Reliefweb}}</ref> amma ana sa ran yankin baki ɗaya zai sha wahala daga mummunan tasiri ga yanayin amfanin gona. Adadin yunwa a yankin ya karu, kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da karuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.busiweek.com/hunger-in-africa-continues-to-rise-says-new-un-report/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319071657/https://www.busiweek.com/hunger-in-africa-continues-to-rise-says-new-un-report/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 March 2020|title=Hunger in Africa continues to rise, says New UN report|date=2019-02-14|website=East African Business Week|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://southerntimesafrica.com/site/news/un-raises-alarm-on-drought-crisis-in-sadc|title=UN raises alarm on drought crisis in SADC |website=The Southern Times|language=en|access-date=2019-02-15}}</ref> An sake ayyana farin a matsayin dokar ta ɓaci ta ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/south-africas-drought-was-just-declared-a-national-emergency-2020-3|title=Two years later, SA's drought has just been declared a national emergency – again|website=BusinessInsider}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Maris 2020, an ba da rahoton kasuwar ɓoye ta satar ruwa a cikin gundumar [[Nelson Mandela]] Bay Metropolitan Municipality a tsakiyar damuwa game da rashawa da ke da alaƙa da dokar ta ɓaci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/11832-report-corruption-fuels-water-shortage-in-south-africa|title=Report: Corruption fuels Water Shortage in South Africa|first=Sandrine|last=Gagné-Acoulon|website=OCCRP}}</ref> A watan Mayu 2019, ƙasar Namibia ta ayyana dokar ta ɓaci ta ƙasa don mayar da martani ga farin,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/06/namibia-declares-national-state-of-emergency-over-drought/|title=Namibia declares national state of emergency over drought|date=2019-05-06|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> sannan ta tsawaita shi da ƙarin watanni 6 a watan Oktoba 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of drought emergency extended|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=193796|access-date=2020-11-24|website=The Namibian|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310104544/https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=193796|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan shi ne karo na uku a cikin shekaru shida da gwamnati ta ayyana dokar ta ɓaci.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tjitemisa|first=Kuzeeko|date=2019-05-07|title=President declares state of emergency over drought|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/president-declares-state-of-emergency-over-drought|access-date=2020-11-25|website=New Era Live|language=en-ZA}}</ref> An kwatanta farin na shekarar 2019 a matsayin mafi muni a cikin shekaru 90 da suka gabata a ƙasar, tare da mafi ƙanƙancin ruwan sama da aka yi rikodinsa a [[Windhoek]] tun shekarar 1891.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shikangalah|first=Rosemary|date=30 July 2020|title=The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342610841|journal=University of Namibia|pages=37|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> Fannin aikin gona yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antu na Namibia kuma saboda ƙarancin ruwan sama na shekarar 2019, samar da amfanin gona a fannin ya faɗi da kashi 17.5%. An lura cewa yanayin filayen kiwo ya lalace sosai zuwa mummuna a sassa da dama na ƙasar, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsin lamba ga kiwo da kuma raguwar dabbobi saboda yunwa. Haɗuwa da rashin ruwan sama da ƙarancin danshi a cikin ƙasa ya haifar da matsananciyar fari mai tsayi a cikin shekarar 2019 wanda ya haifar da ainihin wahala kuma ya shafi rayuwar mutane da yawa, musamman a tsakanin al'ummomin da suka fi rauni. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shikangalah|first=Rosemary|date=30 July 2020|title=The 2019 drought in Namibia: An overview|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342610841|journal=University of Namibia|pages=49|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> A watan Agusta na shekarar 2020, wani kima na rauni da gwamnatin Namibia ta gudanar ya gano cewa mutanen Namibia 427,905 a halin yanzu ba su da tsaron abinci. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan rashin tsaro sun haɗa da tasirin fari, ambaliyar ruwa, kwari da kuma tsutsotsi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 400 000 Namibians food insecure - Prime Minister|url=https://www.nbc.na/news/over-400-000-namibians-food-insecure-prime-minister.38333|access-date=2020-11-30|website=NBC|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130121448/http://nbc.na/news/over-400-000-namibians-food-insecure-prime-minister.38333|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == a15kbj61h96i5mgbu1hl51l1tnfajdz Grassroots Soccer Development Initiative 0 153378 891557 843214 2026-08-05T02:46:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Lagos State Football Association | abbreviation = LSFA | formed = | headquarters = Surulere, Lagos, Najeriya | region_served = Jihar Legas, Najeriya | parent_organization = Najeriya Football Federation (NFF) | website = https://www.lagosfa.com.ng }} '''Lagos State Football Association''' ('''LSFA''') ita ce hukuma mai kula da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Legas ta ƙasar Najeriya. Ƙungiyar tana da alhakin tsara gasanni, rajistar ƙungiyoyin ƙwallo, kula da alƙalai da masu horarwa, da kuma bunƙasa harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa daga matakin matasa zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a faɗin jihar Legas. Har ila yau, LSFA tana aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF), wacce ita ce babbar hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |title=About Us - Lagos State Football Association |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418231730/http://lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Lagos State Football Association tana daga cikin tsofaffin hukumomin kula da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, kasancewar jihar Legas ta kasance cibiyar ci gaban wasanni da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa tun kafin samun 'yancin kai. A tsawon shekaru, LSFA ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da gasa da tsare-tsaren da suka taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙwararrun 'yan wasa da dama daga jihar Legas zuwa matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/lagos-state-football-association-chairmanship-i-have-unfinished-business-akinwunmi/ |title=Lagos State Football Association Chairmanship: I have unfinished business — Akinwunmi |work=Vanguard News |date=21 May 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarun baya-bayan nan, LSFA ta ƙara mayar da hankali kan ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin ƙasa (grassroots football), tare da ƙaddamar da sabbin tsare-tsare da kwamitoci domin bunƙasa gasanni da horar da matasa. Hakan ya haɗa da kafa kwamitocin fasaha, alƙalanci, ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata, tallace-tallace da tsaro domin ƙarfafa gudanar da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sports247.ng/lagos-state-football-association-inaugurates-7-standing-committees-fa-boss-charges-members-to-remain-committed-to-development-of-the-game/ |title=Lagos State Football Association Inaugurates 7 Standing Committees |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=26 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Babban aikin LSFA shi ne kula da dukkan harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Legas. Wannan ya haɗa da rajistar kulob-kulob, shirya gasanni, kula da lasisin masu horarwa da alƙalai, da kuma tabbatar da bin dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa da NFF ta tanada. Hukumar tana kuma haɗa kai da masu zuba jari da masu ruwa da tsaki domin samar da damar ci gaban matasa masu baiwar ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |title=About Us - Lagos State Football Association |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418231730/http://lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar LSFA, jihar Legas tana da dubban matasa masu taka ƙwallon ƙafa waɗanda ke fatan samun damar taka leda a manyan lig-lig na duniya. Saboda haka, ƙungiyar tana shirya horo, gasanni da shirye-shiryen gano hazaka domin taimakawa ci gaban waɗannan matasa. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |title=About Us - Lagos State Football Association |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418231730/http://lagosfa.com.ng/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gasanni == LSFA tana shirya da kuma kula da gasa daban-daban a jihar Legas. Daga cikin fitattun gasannin akwai '''Lagos FA Cup''', wanda yake zama hanyar cancantar shiga '''President Federation Cup''' ta ƙasa. Gasar tana haɗa ƙungiyoyi daga matakai daban-daban domin fafatawa a gasar da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng |title=Home - LSFA Official Website |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma LSFA tana gudanar da '''Lagos State Football League''', wacce ita ce babbar gasar jihar. Zakaran wannan gasa yana samun damar shiga wasannin neman gurbin shiga lig-lig na ƙasa, yayin da ƙungiyoyin da suka yi ƙasa a teburi suke fuskantar faɗuwa zuwa ƙananan matakai. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/lsfl.html |title=Lagos State Football League |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=17 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250917105049/http://lagosfa.com.ng/lsfl.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga haka, ƙungiyar tana shirya gasannin matasa masu shekaru ƙasa da 15 da ƙasa da 17, domin samar da tushe mai ƙarfi ga ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sports247.ng/lagos-state-fa-appoints-new-ceos-to-overhaul-football-leagues/ |title=Lagos State FA Appoints New CEOs To Overhaul Football Leagues |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=18 August 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin LSFA == LSFA tana da ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka yi rajista a ƙarƙashinta. Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin akwai ''Ikorodu City FC'', ''Sporting Lagos'', ''Inter Lagos'', ''Smart City FC'', ''Madiba FC'', ''1472 FC'', ''Magic Stars FC'', ''Dannaz FC'' da sauran su. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar da ma Najeriya baki ɗaya. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/registeredclubs.html |title=Registered Clubs |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418224031/https://www.lagosfa.com.ng/registeredclubs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gudanarwa == LSFA tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne ta hannun shugaban ƙungiya da mambobin kwamitin zartarwa. A shekarun baya an samu shugabanni daban-daban kamar '''Seyi Akinwunmi''' da '''Waidi Akanni''' waɗanda suka taka rawa wajen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Legas. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/lagos-state-football-association-chairmanship-i-have-unfinished-business-akinwunmi/ |title=Lagos State Football Association Chairmanship: I have unfinished business — Akinwunmi |work=Vanguard News |date=21 May 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waidi_Akanni |title=Waidi Akanni |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, LSFA ta ƙaddamar da sabbin kwamitoci bakwai domin ƙarfafa tsarin gudanarwa da kuma inganta cigaban ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sports247.ng/lagos-state-football-association-inaugurates-7-standing-committees-fa-boss-charges-members-to-remain-committed-to-development-of-the-game/ |title=Lagos State Football Association Inaugurates 7 Standing Committees |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=26 May 2024 |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Hedikwata == Babban ofishin Lagos State Football Association yana a titin Ogunlana Drive, Surulere, a jihar Legas, Najeriya. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lagosfa.com.ng |title=Home - LSFA Official Website |publisher=LSFA Official Website |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.lagosfa.com.ng Shafin yanar gizon LSFA] [[Category:Football in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sports organizations in Nigeria]] [[Category:Lagos State]] [[Category:Football governing bodies in Nigeria]] hjv7wor1n15uzgkid2uc6d093a6qpa8 Tsarin rayuwar sakin software 0 154513 891417 891289 2026-08-04T17:59:11Z A09 23573 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-43191-68|~2026-43191-68]] ([[User talk:~2026-43191-68|talk]]): Rv spam (TwinkleGlobal) 891417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsarin rayuwar sakin software''' shine tsari na haɓaka, gwaji, da rarraba samfurin software (misali, tsarin aiki). Yawanci ya kunshi matakai da yawa, kamar pre-alpha, alpha, beta, da kuma dan takarar saki, kafin a saki sigar karshe, ko "zinariya", ga jama'a. [[Fayil:Software_dev2.svg|thumb|Misali na tsarin rayuwar sakin software na asali]] Pre-alpha yana nufin farkon matakan ci gaba, lokacin da ake tsara software kuma ana gina shi. Gwajin Alpha shine matakin farko na gwaji na al'ada, lokacin da ake gwada software a ciki ta amfani da dabarun fararen akwatin. Gwajin Beta shine mataki na gaba, inda babban rukuni na masu amfani ke gwada software, yawanci a waje da kungiyar da ta haɓaka shi. Sashe na beta yana mai da hankali kan rage tasirin ga masu amfani kuma yana iya haɗawa da gwajin amfani. Bayan gwajin beta, software na iya wucewa ta hanyar fitowar matakai ɗaya ko fiye, inda aka inganta shi kuma aka gwada shi, kafin a saki sigar ƙarshe. Wasu software, musamman a cikin masana'antun intanet da fasaha, an sake su a cikin yanayin beta na dindindin, ma'ana ana ci gaba da sabuntawa da inganta shi, kuma ba a taɓa ɗaukarsa a matsayin cikakkiyar samfurin ba. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar tsarin ci gaba mai sauri kuma yana ba da dama ga software don a saki kuma masu amfani su yi amfani da shi a farkon tsarin ci gaba. == Matakan ci gaba == Pre-alpha refers to all activities performed during the software project before formal testing. These activities can include requirements analysis, software design, software development, and unit testing. In typical open source development, there are several types of pre-alpha versions. ''Milestone'' versions include specific sets of functions and are released as soon as the feature is complete.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Alfa === Sashe na haruffa na sake zagayowar rayuwa shine matakin farko na Gwajin software (alpha shine harafin farko na haruffan Helenanci, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman lambar 1). A wannan matakin, masu haɓakawa gabaɗaya suna gwada software ta amfani da dabarun fararen akwatin. Ana yin ƙarin tabbatarwa ta amfani da dabarun baki ko launin toka, ta wata ƙungiyar gwaji. Motsawa zuwa gwajin akwati a cikin kungiyar an san shi da ''sakin alpha''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is an alpha version of a game? |url=https://video-answer.com/what-is-an-alpha-version-of-a-game/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923135620/https://video-answer.com/what-is-an-alpha-version-of-a-game/ |archive-date=Sep 23, 2022 |access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> Mai haɓakawa ba ya gwada software na Alpha sosai kafin a saki shi ga abokan ciniki. Alpha software na iya ƙunsar manyan kurakurai, kuma duk wani rashin daidaituwa na iya haifar da hadari ko asarar bayanai. Alpha software bazai ƙunshi duk fasalulluka da aka shirya don sigar ƙarshe ba. Gabaɗaya, wadatar waje na software na alpha ba ta da yawa ga software mai mallaka, yayin da software mai budewa sau da yawa yana da nau'ikan alpha na jama'a. Lokaci na alpha yawanci yana ƙare tare da daskarewa na fasalin, yana nuna cewa ba za a kara wasu fasalulluka ga software ba. A wannan lokacin, an ce software ɗin ya cika. Ana gudanar da gwajin beta bayan gwajin karɓa a shafin mai ba da sabis (gwajin alpha) kuma nan da nan kafin a saki software a matsayin samfurin. ==== Cikakken fasalin ==== Cikakken fasalin (FC) na wani [[software]] yana da duk abubuwan da aka tsara ko fasalulluka na farko da aka aiwatar amma har yanzu ba su da ƙarshe saboda kwari, aiki ko matsalolin kwanciyar hankali. Wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen gwajin alpha a ci gaba. Yawancin lokaci, cikakken software har yanzu yana buƙatar fuskantar Gwajin beta da gyaran kwari, da kuma aiki ko ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali kafin ya iya zuwa sakin dan takara, kuma a ƙarshe matsayi na zinariya. === Beta === Beta, named after the second letter of the Greek alphabet, is the software development phase following alpha. A beta phase generally begins when the software is feature-complete but likely to contain several known or unknown bugs. Software in the beta phase will generally have many more bugs in it than completed software and speed or performance issues, and may still cause crashes or data loss. The focus of beta testing is reducing impacts on users, often incorporating usability testing. The process of delivering a beta version to the users is called ''beta release'' and is typically the first time that the software is available outside of the organization that developed it. Software beta releases can be either open or closed, depending on whether they are openly available or only available to a limited audience. Beta version software is often useful for demonstrations and previews within an organization and to prospective customers. Some developers refer to this stage as a ''preview'', ''preview release'', ''prototype'', ''technical preview'' or ''technology preview'' (''TP''),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology Preview Features Support Scope |url=https://access.redhat.com/support/offerings/techpreview |access-date=2015-03-18 |publisher=[[Red Hat]]}}</ref> or ''early access''. ''Masu gwajin Beta'' mutane ne waɗanda ke ba da rahoton batutuwan tare da software na beta. Yawanci abokan ciniki ne ko wakilan abokan ciniki na ƙungiyar da ke haɓaka software. Masu gwajin Beta suna ba da gudummawa ga ayyukansu kyauta amma galibi suna karɓar nau'ikan samfurin da suke gwadawa, rangwamen a kan sigar saki, ko wasu abubuwan motsawa. ==== Beta na dindindin ==== Ana adana wasu software a cikin abin da ake kira ''''beta'' na dindindin'', inda ake ci gaba da ƙara sabbin fasalulluka zuwa software ba tare da kafa sakin "mai ɗorewa" na ƙarshe ba. Kamar yadda [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]] ta sauƙaƙa rarraba software cikin sauri da arha, kamfanoni sun fara ɗaukar hanyar da ba ta da kyau ga amfani da kalmar beta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 1996 |title=Waiting with Beta'd Breath ''TidBITS'' #328 (May 13, 1996) |url=https://tidbits.com/1996/05/13/waiting-with-betad-breath/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206214914/https://tidbits.com/1996/05/13/waiting-with-betad-breath/ |archive-date=2022-12-06}}</ref> ==== Budewa da rufe beta ==== Masu haɓakawa na iya saki ko dai beta mai rufewa, ko beta mai buɗewa; ana saki sigar beta mai rufe ga ƙuntataccen rukuni na mutane don gwajin mai amfani ta gayyata, yayin da masu gwajin beta masu buɗewa daga babban rukuni, ko duk wanda ke da sha'awar. Beta mai zaman kansa na iya zama ya dace da software wanda ke iya isar da darajar amma ba a shirye don kowa ya yi amfani da shi ba ko dai saboda matsalolin haɓaka, rashin takardu ko har yanzu ya rasa muhimman fasalulluka. Masu gwadawa suna ba da rahoton duk wani kwari da suka samu, kuma wani lokacin suna ba da shawarar ƙarin fasalulluka da suke tunanin ya kamata su kasance a cikin sigar ƙarshe. Open betas serve the dual purpose of demonstrating a product to potential consumers, and testing among a wide user base is likely to bring to light obscure errors that a much smaller testing team might not find.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Dan takarar saki === [[Fayil:Microsoft_windows_2000_server_rc2_media.jpg|thumb|Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Release Candidate 2 kafofin watsa labarai]] A ''release candidate'' (''RC''), also known as gamma testing or "going silver", is a beta version with the potential to be a stable product, which is ready to release unless significant bugs emerge. In this stage of product stabilization, all product features have been designed, coded, and tested through one or more beta cycles with no known showstopper-class bugs. A release is called ''code complete'' when the development team agrees that no entirely new source code will be added to this release. There could still be source code changes to fix defects, changes to documentation and data files, and peripheral code for test cases or utilities.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Saki mai ɗorewa === Har ila yau ana kiranta sakin samarwa, sakin da ya dace shine ''dan takarar saki'' na ƙarshe (''RC'') wanda ya wuce dukkan matakai na tabbatarwa da gwaje-gwaje. Duk wani sanannen kwari da ya rage ana ɗaukarsa abin karɓa. Wannan fitowar ta tafi samarwa. Some software products (e.g. Linux distributions like Debian) also have ''long-term support'' (''LTS'') releases which are based on full releases that have already been tried and tested and receive only security updates.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Saki == Da zarar an sake shi, an san software a matsayin "sakewa mai ɗorewa". Kalmar al'ada sau da yawa ta dogara da hanyar saki: kafofin watsa labarai na zahiri, saki na kan layi, ko aikace-aikacen yanar gizo.<ref name="Google Blog-2009">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2009 |title=Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really) |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121002635/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |archive-date=21 January 2011 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website=Google Blog}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci ana ba da software ɗin da aka saki sunan hukuma ko lambar sigar. (Software kafin saki na iya ko bazai sami Sunan lambar aikin ciki daban ko lambar sigar ciki ba). === Saki zuwa masana'antu (RTM) === [[Fayil:Satya_Nadella_Gears_of_War_4_Gold_Master.jpg|thumb|Satya Nadella na [[Microsoft]] tare da zinare na Gears of War 4''Gears na Yaƙi 4'']] Kalmar "saki zuwa masana'antu" (RTM), wanda aka fi sani da "going gold", kalma ce da ake amfani da ita lokacin da samfurin software ya shirya don isar da shi. Ana iya sanya hannu kan wannan ginin ta hanyar dijital, yana bawa mai amfani na ƙarshe damar tabbatar da amincin da amincin sayan software. Ginin RTM an san shi da "maigidan zinariya" ko GM <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2013 |title=What is Golden Master (GM)? - Definition from Techopedia |url=https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5434/golden-master-gm |website=Techopedia.com |language=en}}</ref> ana aika shi don kwafin taro ko kwafin faifai idan ya dace. An ɗauki kalmomin daga masana'antar yin rikodin sauti, musamman tsarin sarrafawa. RTM ya riga ya kasance gaba ɗaya (GA) lokacin da aka saki samfurin ga jama'a. Tsarin mashahuri na zinariya (GM) yawanci shine ginin karshe na wani software a cikin matakan beta don masu haɓakawa. Yawanci, ga iOS, shine ginin karshe kafin babban saki, duk da haka, akwai 'yan banbanci. Ana amfani da RTM a wasu abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan aikin samar da kayayyaki - sabanin samar da software na musamman ko aikin a cikin samar da kasuwanci ko gwamnati da rarraba - inda ake sayar da software a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin a cikin sayar da kayan aikin kwamfuta mai alaƙa kuma yawanci inda software da kayan aikin da ke da alaƙa za a samu kuma ana sayar da su a kan taro / jama'a a shagunan sayar da su don nuna cewa software ya sadu da matakin inganci kuma yana shirye don rarraba kayan sayarwa. RTM na iya nufin a wasu mahallin cewa an isar da software ko kuma an saki shi ga abokin ciniki ko abokin ciniki don shigarwa ko rarraba zuwa kwamfutocin masu amfani da kayan aiki masu alaƙa ko injuna. Kalmar ba ta bayyana hanyar isar da ita ko ƙarar ba; kawai ta bayyana cewa ingancin ya isa don rarraba taro. Abin da za a iya bayarwa daga ƙungiyar injiniya sau da yawa a cikin nau'in kafofin watsa labarai na zinariya da aka yi amfani da shi don kwafi ko don samar da hoton don yanar gizo. === Samun gaba ɗaya (GA) === [[Fayil:ProductEndOfLifeCycle.png|thumb|Abubuwan da suka faru a cikin sake zagayowar rayuwar samfurin: wadatar gaba ɗaya (GA), Sanarwar ƙarshen rayuwa (EOLA), kwanan wata na ƙarshe (LOD), da ƙarshen rayuwa (EOL) ]] General availability ('''GA''') shine matakin tallace-tallace wanda aka kammala duk ayyukan Kasuwanci da ake buƙata kuma samfurin software yana samuwa don siye, dangane da, duk da haka, akan harshe, yanki, da kuma wadatar lantarki vs. kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Luxembourg |first=Yvan Philippe |date=20 May 2013 |title=Top 200 SAM Terms – A Glossary Of Software Asset Management Terms |url=http://omtco.eu/references/sam/top-200-sam-terms-a-glossary-of-software-asset-management-terms/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810111112/http://omtco.eu/references/sam/top-200-sam-terms-a-glossary-of-software-asset-management-terms/ |archive-date=10 August 2013 |access-date=21 May 2013 |website=Operations Management Technology Consulting}}</ref> Ayyukan kasuwanci na iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwaje na tsaro da bin doka, da kuma yanki da wadatar duniya. Lokaci tsakanin RTM da GA na iya ɗaukar daga kwanaki zuwa watanni kafin a iya ayyana sakin da ke akwai gaba ɗaya, saboda lokacin da ake buƙata don kammala duk ayyukan kasuwanci da GA ke buƙata. A wannan matakin, software ya "tafi rayuwa". === Saki zuwa Yanar Gizo (RTW) === '''Saki zuwa Yanar Gizo''' ('''RTW''') ko Yanar gizo hanyar isar da software ce da ke amfani da Intanet don rarrabawa. Babu kafofin watsa labarai na zahiri da aka samar a cikin wannan nau'in hanyar saki ta hanyar masana'anta. Sakin yanar gizo ya zama ruwan dare yayin da amfani da Intanet ya karu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Taimako == A lokacin rayuwar da ake tallafawa, software wani lokacin ana sanya shi a ƙarƙashin sakin sabis, patches ko fakitin sabis, wani lokacin ana kiransa "sakewa na wucin gadi" ko "sakewar kulawa" (MR). Misali, Microsoft ta fitar da manyan fakitin sabis guda uku don fitowar 32-bit na Windows XP da fakitin sabis biyu don fitowar 64-bit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Update Catalog |url=https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=xp%20service%20pack%203 |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=www.catalog.update.microsoft.com}}</ref> Irin waɗannan sakonnin sabis ɗin suna ƙunshe da tarin sabuntawa, gyare-gyare, da haɓakawa, waɗanda aka kawo a cikin nau'in kunshin shigarwa guda ɗaya. Hakanan suna iya aiwatar da sabbin fasalulluka. An saki wasu software tare da tsammanin tallafi na yau da kullun. Darussan software waɗanda gabaɗaya suka haɗa da tallafi mai tsawo kamar yadda aka saba da su sun haɗa da rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da wasannin kan layi masu yawa. Ci gaba da wannan misalin Windows XP, Microsoft ya ba da sabuntawa da aka biya na ƙarin shekaru biyar bayan ƙarshen ƙarin tallafi. Wannan yana nufin cewa tallafin ya ƙare a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-20 |title=Microsoft Product Lifecycle Search |url=http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search/default.aspx?alpha=Windows+XP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720010405/http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search/default.aspx?alpha=Windows+XP |archive-date=20 July 2012 |access-date=2024-05-03}}</ref> === Ƙarshen rayuwa === Lokacin da ba a sayar da software ko tallafawa ba, an ce samfurin ya kai ƙarshen rayuwa, don a dakatar da shi, ya yi ritaya, ya zama mara amfani, ya watsar, ko kuma ya wuce, amma amincin mai amfani na iya ci gaba da wanzuwarsa na ɗan lokaci, koda bayan dandalinsa ya wuce - misali, Common Desktop Environment <ref>{{Cite web |title=[cdesktopenv-devel] CDE 2.2.1 released {{!}} CDE - Common Desktop Environment |url=https://sourceforge.net/p/cdesktopenv/mailman/message/32043063/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=sourceforge.net}}</ref> da Sinclair ZX Spectrum.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-05 |title=ZX-Uno [ZX Spectrum Computer Clone Based on FPGA] |url=http://zxuno.speccy.org/index_e.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105191835/http://zxuno.speccy.org/index_e.shtml |archive-date=5 January 2018 |access-date=2024-05-03}}</ref> Bayan ranar ƙarshen rayuwa, mai haɓakawa yawanci ba zai aiwatar da sabbin fasalulluka ba, gyara lahani na yanzu, kwari, ko rauni (ko an san shi kafin wannan ranar ko a'a), ko samar da kowane tallafi ga samfurin. Idan mai haɓakawa yana so, suna iya sakin lambar tushe, don masu sa kai su kula da dandalin. == Tarihi == Amfani da kalmar gwajin "alpha / beta" ya samo asali ne daga IBM. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Irin waɗannan kalmomin don ci gaban software na IBM an yi amfani da su ta mutanen da ke da hannu tare da IBM daga akalla shekarun 1950 (kuma mai yiwuwa a baya). Gwajin "A" shine tabbatar da sabon samfurin kafin sanarwar jama'a. Gwajin "B" shine tabbatarwa kafin a saki samfurin da za a ƙera. Gwajin "C" shine gwajin karshe kafin samar da samfurin gaba ɗaya. Kamar yadda software ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tayin IBM, an yi amfani da kalmar gwajin alpha don nuna gwajin sanarwar kafin kuma an yi amfani le gwajin beta don nuna shirye-shiryen samfurin don wadatar gaba ɗaya. Martin Belsky, manajan wasu ayyukan software na IBM na baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ƙirƙiri kalmar. IBM ta sauke ma'anar alpha / beta a cikin shekarun 1960, amma a lokacin ta sami sanarwa mai yawa. Amfani da "gwajin beta" don komawa ga gwajin da abokan ciniki suka yi ba a yi shi a cikin IBM ba. Maimakon haka, IBM ta yi amfani da kalmar "gwajin filin".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}} Manyan betas na jama'a sun bunkasa daga baya, tare da abokan ciniki na farko da suka sayi "bugawa na farko" na WordVision word processor don IBM PC don $ 49.95. A shekara ta 1984, Stephen Manes ya rubuta cewa "a cikin wani gagarumin juyin mulki na tallace-tallace, Bruce da James Program Publishers sun sami nasarar samun mutane su biya don damar gwada samfurin. " <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=211–221}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2000, an saki wani ''akwatin akwatin'' tsarin aiki na [[Apple]] na Mac OS X Public Beta. Tsakanin Satumba 2005 da Mayu 2006, Microsoft ta fitar da samfurori na fasahar al'umma (''CTP'') don Windows Vista. Daga 2009 zuwa 2011, ''Minecraft'' ya kasance a cikin beta na jama'a. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005, ZDNet ta buga wata kasida game da abin da ya faru na sigar ''beta'' sau da yawa yana zaune na shekaru kuma ana amfani dashi kamar dai yana matakin samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Festa |first=Paul |date=2005-02-11 |title=A long winding road out of beta |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-long-winding-road-out-of-beta/ |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> Ya lura cewa [[Gmail]] da Google News, alal misali, sun kasance a cikin beta na dogon lokaci kodayake ana amfani da su sosai; Google News ya bar beta a watan Janairun 2006, sannan Google Apps (yanzu ana kiransa Google Workspace), gami da Gmail, a watan Yulin 2009.<ref name="Google Blog-2009">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2009 |title=Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really) |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110121002635/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |archive-date=21 January 2011 |access-date=2011-01-12 |website=Google Blog}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka ''gabatarwa'' da Windows 8, [[Microsoft]] ta kira software na pre-release preview maimakon beta. Dukkanin abubuwan da aka gina kafin a saki ta hanyar Shirin Windows Insider da aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2014 ana kiransu "Insider Preview builds". "Beta" na iya nuna wani abu kamar dan takarar saki, ko kuma a matsayin wani nau'i na demo mai iyakantaccen lokaci, ko dabarar talla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Houghton |first=David |date=May 17, 2010 |title=The inconvenient truths behind betas |url=http://www.gamesradar.com/f/the-inconvenient-truths-behind-betas/a-2010051712402686048 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430173029/http://www.gamesradar.com/f/the-inconvenient-truths-behind-betas/a-2010051712402686048 |archive-date=2011-04-30 |website=GamesRadar}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cj4ehr3wci5ail2y08y4aj06y4eckbq Kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya 0 155143 891610 874144 2026-08-05T07:23:49Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya''' nau'in [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|kula da lafiya ne na gama gari]], wanda tsarin gwamnati ɗaya ne ke biyan kuɗin [[kula da lafiya]] mai mahimmanci ga dukkan mazauna (don haka "mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya"). <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2017 |title=single-payer system definition |url=https://www.healthinsurance.org/glossary/single-payer-system/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002035003/https://www.healthinsurance.org/glossary/single-payer-system/ |archive-date=October 2, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=the definition of single-payer |url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/single-payer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802124034/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/single-payer |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> Tsarin masu biyan kuɗi ɗaya na iya yin kwangila don ayyukan kiwon lafiya daga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (kamar yadda yake a [[Kanada]] ) ko kuma su mallaki kuma su yi amfani da albarkatun kiwon lafiya da ma'aikata (kamar yadda yake a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ). "Mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya" yana bayyana hanyar da ake biyan kula da lafiya ta hanyar hukuma ɗaya, ba hukuma mai zaman kanta ba, ko kuma gaurayen duka biyun. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Flieger |first=Signe Peterson |year=2017 |title=What We Talk About When We Talk About Single Payer |url=https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20170919.062040 |journal=Health Affairs Forefront |doi=10.1377/forefront.20170919.062040 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2014 |title=What is single-payer health care? |url=https://www.vox.com/cards/single-payer/what-is-single-payer-health-care |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022142239/https://www.vox.com/cards/single-payer/what-is-single-payer-health-care |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017}}</ref><templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />  == Labari da bayani == A cikin tsarin kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya, gwamnati ɗaya ko wata majiya da ta shafi gwamnati tana biyan duk ayyukan kiwon lafiya da aka rufe. Gwamnatoci suna amfani da wannan dabarar don cimma manufofi da dama, ciki har da [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|kiwon lafiya na duniya baki ɗaya]], rage nauyin tattalin arziki na kula da lafiya, da kuma inganta sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga jama'a. A cikin 2010, ƙasashen membobin [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] sun ɗauki kiwon lafiya na duniya baki ɗaya a matsayin manufa; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage |url=https://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021141619/http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/ |archive-date=October 21, 2017 |access-date=2017-10-31 |website=World Health Organization |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya kuma amince da wannan burin a 2015 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ajandar Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta 2030. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205210925/https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |access-date=2017-11-01 |website=sustainabledevelopment.un.org |language=en}}</ref> Tsarin kiwon lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya yana kafa wani yanki na haɗari guda ɗaya, wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan al'ummar yankin yanki ko siyasa. Hakanan yana kafa tsari guda ɗaya na ƙa'idoji don ayyukan da ake bayarwa, ƙimar biyan kuɗi, farashin magunguna, da mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodi don ayyukan da ake buƙata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hsiao |first=William C. |last2=Cheng |first2=Shou-Hsia |last3=Yip |first3=Winnie |year=2016 |title=What can be achieved with a single-payer NHI system: The case of Taiwan |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=233 |pages=265–271 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.006 |pmid=29054594 |s2cid=29973659}}</ref>i A ƙasashe masu arziki, kulawar lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya yawanci tana samuwa ga duk 'yan ƙasa da mazauna doka. Misalan sun haɗa da Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Burtaniya, Medicare ta Ostiraliya, Medicare ta Kanada, Tsarin Lafiya na Ƙasa na [[Ispaniya|Spain]], Inshorar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Taiwan da Tsarin Lafiya na Ƙasa na Italiya (SSN Servizio Sanitario Nazionale ). === Tarihin kalmar === An ƙirƙiro kalmar a shekarun 1990 domin bayyana bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin tsarin kiwon lafiyar Kanada da waɗanda suka haɗa da NHS na Burtaniya. A tsarin kiwon lafiyar Kanada, gwamnati tana biyan hukumomi masu zaman kansu don samar da kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da suka cancanta. A wasu tsare-tsare, gwamnati tana ba da kuɗi kuma tana ba da kulawa. <ref name="Liu 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Liu J. L., Brook R. H. |year=2017 |title=What is single-payer health care? A review of definitions and proposals in the U.S |url= |journal=Journal of General Internal Medicine |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=822–831}}</ref> Yawanci, "kulawa mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya" yana nufin inshorar lafiya da aka bayar a matsayin hidimar jama'a kuma ana bayarwa ga 'yan ƙasa da mazauna doka; yawanci ba ya nufin isar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Gwamnati na iya sarrafa asusun kai tsaye ko a matsayin hukuma mallakar gwamnati kuma mai iko da iko. Mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin samar da kuɗi kamar "mai biyan kuɗi da yawa" (majiyoyi da yawa na jama'a da/ko masu zaman kansu), "mai matakai biyu" (wanda aka ayyana ko dai a matsayin tushen jama'a tare da zaɓin amfani da inshorar masu zaman kansu mai cancanta azaman madadin, ko kuma a matsayin tushen jama'a don kulawar bala'i da inshorar masu zaman kansu ke tallafawa don kulawar lafiya ta gama gari), da "umarnin inshora" (ana buƙatar 'yan ƙasa su sayi inshorar masu zaman kansu wanda ya cika ƙa'idar ƙasa kuma wanda gabaɗaya ake ba da tallafi). Wasu tsarin sun haɗa abubuwan waɗannan hanyoyin samar da kuɗi guda huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Single-payer is great but it's not the only option |url=http://www.40thdems.org/blog/2017/5/15/single-payer-is-great-but-its-not-the-only-option |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193522/http://www.40thdems.org/blog/2017/5/15/single-payer-is-great-but-its-not-the-only-option |archive-date=October 22, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017}}</ref> Sabanin yadda ake amfani da kalmar a matsayin tsari, wasu marubuta suna bayyana duk tsarin da gwamnati ke gudanarwa a matsayin "tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya", wasu kuma sun bayyana duk wani tsarin kiwon lafiya wanda ke da niyyar rufe dukkan al'umma, kamar tsare-tsaren bayar da takardar shaidar, a matsayin "tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya", kodayake waɗannan amfani gabaɗaya ba su cika ƙa'idodin ma'anar kalmar ba. == Yankuna masu tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Kasashe da dama a duniya suna da shirye-shiryen inshorar lafiya na biyan kuɗi ɗaya. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen gabaɗaya suna ba da wani nau'i na [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|kula da lafiya na duniya baki]] ɗaya, wanda ake aiwatarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A wasu lokuta likitoci suna aiki kuma gwamnati ce ke gudanar da asibitoci, kamar a Burtaniya ko Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Socolovsky |first=Jerome |date=August 19, 2009 |title=What Makes Spain's Health Care System The Best? |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112014770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319212430/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112014770 |archive-date=March 19, 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 |website=NPR}}</ref> A madadin haka, gwamnati na iya siyan ayyukan kiwon lafiya daga ƙungiyoyin waje, kamar hanyar da aka bi a Kanada . === Kanada === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>☁Ana bayar da kulawar lafiya a Kanada ta hanyar tsarin [[Kula da lafiyar jama'a|kula da lafiya na gwamnati]], wanda galibi kyauta ne a lokacin amfani kuma yana da yawancin ayyukan da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke bayarwa. An kafa tsarin ne bisa tanadin Dokar Lafiya ta Kanada ta 1984. <ref name="Canada Health Act">{{Cite web |title=Overview of the Canada Health Act |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/medi-assur/cha-lcs/overview-apercu-eng.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414052008/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/medi-assur/cha-lcs/overview-apercu-eng.php |archive-date=April 14, 2009}}</ref> Gwamnati tana tabbatar da ingancin kulawa ta hanyar ƙa'idodin tarayya. Gwamnati ba ta shiga cikin kulawa ta yau da kullun ko tattara duk wani bayani game da lafiyar mutum, wanda ke kasancewa sirri tsakanin mutum da likitansa. Tsarin Medicare na lardin Kanada yana da inganci sosai saboda sauƙin gudanarwarsu. A kowace lardi, kowane likita yana kula da da'awar inshorar da ake yi wa kamfanin inshora na lardin. Babu buƙatar mutumin da ke samun damar kula da lafiya ya shiga cikin lissafin kuɗi da kuma dawo da kuɗi. Gabaɗaya, ana biyan kuɗaɗe ta hanyar kuɗaɗen shiga daga harajin samun kuɗi. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Lardin tana ba da katin lafiya ga kowane mutum da ya yi rajista a shirin kuma kowa yana samun irin wannan matakin kulawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Provincial/Territorial Role in Health |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/delivery-prestation/ptrole/index-eng.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206214055/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/delivery-prestation/ptrole/index-eng.php |archive-date=February 6, 2014}}</ref> Babu buƙatar tsare-tsare iri-iri domin kusan dukkan muhimman kulawa ta asali ana biyan su, gami da matsalolin haihuwa da rashin haihuwa. Dangane da lardin, kulawar hakori da ta gani ba za a iya biyan su ba amma galibi ana ba su inshora ta hannun ma'aikata ta hanyar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A wasu larduna, ana samun tsare-tsaren ƙarin masu zaman kansu ga waɗanda ke son ɗakunan zama na kansu idan an kwantar da su a asibiti. Tiyatar kwalliya da wasu nau'ikan tiyatar zaɓi ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin kulawa mai mahimmanci ba kuma gabaɗaya ba a rufe su ba. Ana iya biyan waɗannan daga aljihu ko ta hanyar kamfanonin inshora masu zaman kansu. Rashin ko canjin aiki ba ya shafar inshorar lafiya, kuma babu iyaka ko keɓancewa na tsawon rai ga yanayin da ya riga ya kasance. Ana biyan [[Magani|kuɗin]] gwamnati ne ta hanyar asusun gwamnati, ko kuma ta hanyar inshorar sirri ta hanyar aiki. Gwamnatin tarayya tana tattaunawa da masu samar da magunguna don sarrafa farashi. Likitocin iyali (wanda aka fi sani da likitoci na yau da kullun ko kuma likitocin iyali a Kanada) mutane ne ke zaɓen su. Idan majiyyaci yana son ganin ƙwararre ko kuma aka ba shi shawara ya ga ƙwararre, likita zai iya tura shi ta hanyar likita. 'Yan ƙasar Kanada suna jiran wasu jiyya da ayyukan bincike. Matsakaicin lokacin jira don ayyukan bincike kamar MRI da CAT scans {{NoteTag|Diagnostic tests defined as the following: non-emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices; computed tomography (CT or CAT) scans; and angiographies that use X-rays to examine the inner opening of blood-filled structures such as veins and arteries.}} makonni biyu ne, tare da 86.4% suna jira ƙasa da watanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Section from Healthy Canadians: A Federal report on Comparable Health Indicators |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/pubs/system-regime/2006-fed-comp-indicat/2006-fed-comp-indicat-3-eng.php#a1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604194222/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/pubs/system-regime/2006-fed-comp-indicat/2006-fed-comp-indicat-3-eng.php#a1 |archive-date=June 4, 2008}}</ref> Matsakaicin lokacin jira don tiyata shine makonni huɗu, tare da 82.2% suna jira ƙasa da watanni uku. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Charlotte |date=October 19, 1999 |title=How bad is the brain drain? |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/8/1028 |url-status=live |journal=Canadian Medical Association Journal |volume=161 |issue=8 |pages=1028–1029 |pmc=1230682 |pmid=10551204 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213081819/http://www.cmaj.ca/content/161/8/1028 |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017 |via=www.cmaj.ca}}</ref> Duk da cewa kudin shigar likitoci ya fara karuwa bayan aiwatar da shirin biyan albashi ɗaya, an samu raguwar albashin likitoci, wanda mutane da yawa ke fargabar zai zama sakamakon kiwon lafiya na dogon lokaci da gwamnati ke gudanarwa. Duk da haka, a farkon karni na 21, kwararrun likitoci sun sake kasancewa cikin manyan masu samun kudin shiga a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duffin |first=Jacalyn |date=2016-11-17 |title=The Impact of Single-Payer Health Care on Physician Income in Canada, 1850–2005 |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=101 |issue=7 |pages=1198–1208 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2010.300093 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=3110239 |pmid=21566029}}</ref> === Taiwan === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Babban Yuan ce ke kula da harkokin kiwon lafiya a Taiwan. Kamar sauran [[Developed country|ƙasashe masu ci gaba]], mutanen Taiwan suna da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki amma suna fuskantar matsalolin lafiya kamar [[kiba]] mai tsanani da [[Cutar zuciya|cututtukan zuciya]] . <ref name="cp">{{Cite web |date=March 2005 |title=Taiwan country profile |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Taiwan.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512172454/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Taiwan.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2008 |access-date=2008-05-04 |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]]}} ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Taiwan tana da likitoci kusan 1.6 da gadajen asibiti 5.9 ga kowace al'umma 1,000, kuma akwai jimillar asibitoci 36 da asibitoci 2,601 a tsibirin. <ref name="cp"/> Kudaden kiwon lafiya sun kai kashi 5.8% na GDP a shekara ta 2001, wanda kashi 64.9% daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga kudaden gwamnati. <ref name="cp" /> Duk da farkon girgizar tattalin arzikin Taiwan sakamakon karuwar farashin fadada tsarin kula da lafiya, tsarin biyan albashi daya ya samar da kariya daga manyan hadurra na kudi kuma ya sa harkokin kiwon lafiya ya fi samun karbuwa ga jama'a, wanda hakan ya haifar da daidaiton gamsuwar jama'a da kashi 70%. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lu |first=Jui-Fen Rachel |last2=Hsiao |first2=William C. |date=2003-05-01 |title=Does Universal Health Insurance Make Health Care Unaffordable? Lessons From Taiwan |journal=Health Affairs |language=en |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=77–88 |doi=10.1377/hlthaff.22.3.77 |issn=0278-2715 |pmid=12757274}}</ref> An kafa tsarin kiwon lafiya na yanzu a Taiwan, wanda aka sani da Inshorar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NHI), a shekarar 1995. NHI wani shiri ne na inshorar zamantakewa na dole wanda ke biyan kuɗi ɗaya tilo wanda ke mai da hankali kan rarraba kuɗaɗen kula da lafiya. Tsarin ya yi alƙawarin samun daidaito ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa don kula da lafiya, kuma yawan jama'a ya kai kashi 99% a ƙarshen 2004. Ana samun kuɗin NHI ne ta hanyar biyan kuɗi, wanda aka gina bisa ga harajin albashi, kuma ana ƙara masa kuɗaɗen da za a biya daga aljihu da kuma kuɗaɗen gwamnati kai tsaye. A matakin farko, kuɗin sabis ya mamaye masu samar da sabis na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. Yawancin masu samar da lafiya suna aiki a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu kuma suna samar da kasuwa mai gasa a ɓangaren samar da lafiya. Duk da haka, masu samar da kiwon lafiya da yawa sun yi amfani da tsarin ta hanyar bayar da ayyuka marasa amfani ga adadi mai yawa na marasa lafiya sannan suka yi wa gwamnati lissafin kuɗi. A yayin da ake fuskantar karuwar asara da kuma buƙatar rage farashi, NHI ta canza tsarin biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin sabis zuwa kasafin kuɗi na duniya, wani nau'in tsarin biyan kuɗi mai zuwa, a shekara ta 2002. Nasarar da Taiwan ta samu tare da shirin inshorar lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya yana da alaƙa da albarkatun ɗan adam na ƙasar da ƙwarewar gwamnati ta ƙungiya, wanda hakan ke ba da damar gudanar da shirin inshorar lafiya mai inganci da inganci na gwamnati. <ref name=":0"/> === Koriya ta Kudu === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>[[Koriya ta Kudu]] ta kasance tana da tsarin inshorar lafiyar jama'a na biyan kuɗi da yawa, kamar tsarin da ake amfani da shi a ƙasashe kamar [[Japan]] da Jamus, tare da ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ba da inshorar lafiyar jama'a ga dukkan jama'a. Kafin 1977, ƙasar tana da inshorar lafiya mai zaman kansa na son rai, amma gyare-gyaren da aka fara a 1977 sun haifar da inshorar lafiya ta duniya baki ɗaya a 1989. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Jong-Chan |date=January 1, 2003 |title=Health Care Reform in South Korea: Success or Failure? |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=48–51 |doi=10.2105/ajph.93.1.48 |pmc=1447690 |pmid=12511383}}</ref> Wani babban garambawul na kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya a 2000 ya haɗa dukkan ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya cikin Sabis na Inshorar Lafiya na Ƙasa. Wannan sabon sabis ya zama tsarin kiwon lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya a 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=h-well NHIS |url=http://www.nhic.or.kr/static/html/wbd/g/a/wbdga0101.html |access-date=2016-12-03 |website=www.nhic.or.kr}}</ref> == Yankuna masu tsarin "Beveridge Model" == === Kasashen Nordic === A wasu lokutan ana ɗaukar ƙasashen Nordic a matsayin suna da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na biyan kuɗi ɗaya, sabanin inshorar kiwon lafiya ta ƙasa mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya kamar Taiwan ko Kanada. Wannan wani nau'i ne na tsarin kiwon lafiya na " Beveridge Model " wanda ke ɗauke da masu samar da lafiyar jama'a ban da inshorar lafiyar jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Care Systems - Four Basic Models - Physicians for a National Health Program |url=http://www.pnhp.org/single_payer_resources/health_care_systems_four_basic_models.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031123300/http://www.pnhp.org/single_payer_resources/health_care_systems_four_basic_models.php |archive-date=October 31, 2017 |access-date=December 12, 2017 |website=www.pnhp.org}}</ref> Kalmar "samfurin Scandinavian" ko "samfurin Nordic" na tsarin kiwon lafiya yana da wasu siffofi da suka zama ruwan dare: galibin masu samar da ayyukan gwamnati, ƙarancin inshorar lafiya na masu zaman kansu, da kuma tsarin da yankuna ke gudanarwa, wanda gwamnatin tsakiya ke da hannu a ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO/Europe &#124; Home |url=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/98417/E93429.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809195038/http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/98417/E93429.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2017 |access-date=2017-10-22}}</ref> Saboda wannan siffa ta uku, ana iya jayayya cewa su masu biyan kuɗi ɗaya ne kawai a matakin yanki, ko kuma tsarin biyan kuɗi da yawa, sabanin tsarin kiwon lafiya da ake gudanarwa a ƙasa da ake samu a Taiwan da Koriya ta Kudu. === Ƙasar Ingila === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kula da lafiya a Burtaniya lamari ne da aka raba shi, ma'ana Ingila, Scotland, Wales, da Arewacin Ireland duk suna da nasu tsarin [[Kula da lafiyar jama'a|kula da lafiya na sirri da na gwamnati]], wanda galibi ake kira Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NHS). Tare da masu samar da lafiya na gwamnati ko na gwamnati, wannan kuma ya dace da "Tsarin Beveridge" na tsarin kula da lafiya, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya, tare da ƙaramin hannun masu zaman kansu idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsarin duniya baki ɗaya. Kowace ƙasa tana da manufofi da fifiko daban-daban ya haifar da bambance-bambance daban-daban tsakanin tsarin. Duk da haka, kowace ƙasa tana ba da kulawar lafiyar jama'a ga duk mazauna Burtaniya na dindindin waɗanda ke da kyauta a wurin amfani, ana biyan su daga haraji na gabaɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, kowannensu yana da wani kamfani mai zaman kansa wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta da na gwamnati, tare da samar da kiwon lafiya mai zaman kansa da aka samu ta hanyar inshorar lafiya mai zaman kansa, wanda aka ba da kuɗi a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin kiwon lafiya wanda ma'aikaci ke ɗaukar nauyinsa ko kuma wanda abokin ciniki ke biyansa kai tsaye, kodayake ana iya iyakance tanadin ga waɗanda ke da cututtuka kamar HIV / [[Kanjamau|AIDS]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bob Wachter, MD |date=January 16, 2012 |title=The Awkward World of Private Insurance in the UK |url=http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2012/01/16/the-awkward-world-of-private-insurance-in-the-uk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116164308/http://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2012/01/16/the-awkward-world-of-private-insurance-in-the-uk/ |archive-date=November 16, 2016 |publisher=The Health Care Blog}}</ref> Tsarin guda ɗaya sune: * Ingila: Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NHS) * Scotland: NHS Scotland * Wales: NHS Wales * Arewacin Ireland: Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a (HSC) A Ingila, ana amfani da kuɗaɗen haraji na gabaɗaya ta hanyar NHS England, wacce ke da alhakin ba da umarni ga ayyukan ƙwararru da kulawa ta farko, da kuma Ƙungiyoyin Gudanar da Asibiti (CCGs), waɗanda ke kula da kashi 60% na kasafin kuɗi kuma suna da alhakin ba da umarnin ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga al'ummar yankinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Commissioning |first=NHS |title=NHS Commissioning |url=https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216223927/https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/ |archive-date=December 16, 2015}}</ref> Waɗannan hukumomin da ke ba da umarni ba sa bayar da ayyuka kai tsaye, amma suna samun su daga NHS Trusts da Foundation Trusts, da kuma masu samar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, na sa kai, da na zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choices |first=NHS |title=The structure of the NHS in England |url=http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/nhsstructure.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220171503/http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/nhsstructure.aspx |archive-date=February 20, 2016 |access-date=2016-02-23 |website=www.nhs.uk}}</ref> == Yankuna masu tsarin inshorar masu biyan kuɗi ɗaya/na masu zaman kansu == === Ostiraliya === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kula da lafiya a Ostiraliya yana gudana ne ta hanyar cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati. Medicare kamfani ne na [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|kula da lafiya na duniya]] baki ɗaya da gwamnati ke tallafawa. An kafa shi a shekarar 1984 kuma yana rayuwa tare da tsarin kiwon lafiya mai zaman kansa. Misali, Medicare yana biyan duk kuɗin da ɗan ƙasar Ostiraliya ke kashewa a asibiti na gwamnati, yayin da yake biyan kashi 75% kawai na kuɗin da ake kashewa a asibiti mai zaman kansa . Medicare wani ɓangare ne na kuɗin harajin shiga na kashi 2% (banda ga masu ƙarancin kuɗi), amma galibi daga cikin kuɗin shiga na gabaɗaya. Ana sanya ƙarin kashi 1% ga masu samun kuɗi mai yawa ba tare da [[inshorar lafiya]] mai zaman kansa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medicare levy increase to fund DisabilityCare Australia |url=https://www.ato.gov.au/General/New-legislation/In-detail/Direct-taxes/Income-tax-for-individuals/Medicare-Levy-increase-to-fund-DisabilityCare/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123923/https://www.ato.gov.au/General/New-legislation/In-detail/Direct-taxes/Income-tax-for-individuals/Medicare-Levy-increase-to-fund-DisabilityCare/ |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=28 February 2015 |website=www.ato.gov.au}}</ref> Baya ga Medicare, akwai wani Tsarin Fa'idodin Magunguna daban-daban wanda ke ba da tallafi sosai ga nau'ikan magungunan da likita ya rubuta. Ministan Lafiya yana gudanar da manufofin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa, waɗanda jihohi daban-daban ke kula da su (kamar gudanar da asibitoci). === Indiya === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Indiya tana da tsarin kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi da yawa wanda ake biyan kuɗi ta hanyar haɗin inshorar lafiya na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu tare da ɓangaren asibitocin gwamnati kusan gaba ɗaya waɗanda ke biyan haraji. <ref name="Zodpey et al 2018">{{Cite journal |last=Zodpey |first=Sanjay |last2=Farooqui |first2=Habib Hasan |date=2018 |title=Universal Health Coverage in India: Progress achieved & the way forward |journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research |volume=147 |issue=4 |pages=327–329 |doi=10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_616_18 |pmc=6057252 |pmid=29998865 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin asibitocin gwamnati kyauta ne ga duk mazauna Indiya banda ƙananan biyan kuɗi na haɗin gwiwa a wasu ayyuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2020 |title=India &#124; Commonwealth Fund |url=https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/india |website=www.commonwealthfund.org}}</ref> A matakin tarayya, Gwamnatin Indiya ta ƙaddamar da wani shirin inshorar lafiya na ƙasa a cikin 2018, mai suna Ayushman Bharat . Wannan yana da nufin rufe ƙasa da kashi 50% (mutane miliyan 500) na al'ummar ƙasar da ke aiki a ɓangaren da ba shi da tsari (kamfanoni waɗanda ke da ƙasa da ma'aikata 10) kuma yana ba su magani kyauta ko da a asibitoci masu zaman kansu. <ref name="Zodpey et al 2018" /> Ga mutanen da ke aiki a ɓangaren da aka tsara (kamfanoni waɗanda ke da ma'aikata sama da 10) kuma suna samun albashin wata-wata har zuwa Rs 21000, tsarin inshorar zamantakewa na Inshorar Jiha na Ma'aikata wanda ke ba da kuɗin kula da lafiyarsu gaba ɗaya (tare da fa'idodin fansho da rashin aikin yi), duka a asibitoci na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2021 |title=Covid is an opportunity to make structural changes to our largest health insurance and pension schemes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/covid-india-pension-scheme-health-insurance-7282123/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2022 |title=Coverage |url=https://www.esic.gov.in/coverage |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=esic.gov.in |archive-date=5 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705172817/https://www.esic.gov.in/coverage |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mutanen da ke samun fiye da wannan adadin suna samun inshorar lafiya daga ma'aikatansu ta hanyar kamfanonin inshora na gwamnati ko na masu zaman kansu da yawa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2020, 'yan Indiya miliyan 300 ne ke da inshorar da aka saya daga ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin inshora na gwamnati ko na masu zaman kansu ta hanyar ma'aikatansu a matsayin tsarin rukuni ko na mutum ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2021 |title=Why you should not miss out on your health insurance renewal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/why-you-should-not-miss-out-on-your-health-insurance-renewal-7281399/}}</ref> Mutanen da ba su da aikin yi ba tare da inshora ba suna da inshorar inshorar jiha daban-daban idan ba su da hanyar biyan kuɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=17 Government Health Insurance Schemes in India: Govt Mediclaim Policy |url=https://www.godigit.com/content/godigit/directportal/en/health-insurance/government-health-insurance-schemes.html |website=Digit Insurance}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, jimillar kudaden da gwamnati ta kashe kan harkokin kiwon lafiya sun kai dala biliyan 36 ko kuma kashi 1.23% na GDP dinta. Tun bayan samun 'yancin kai na kasar, tsarin asibitocin gwamnati gaba daya ana daukar nauyinsa ta hanyar haraji na gama gari. === Isra'ila === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kula da lafiya a Isra'ila abu ne [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|na kowa da kowa]] kuma shiga cikin tsarin inshorar lafiya dole ne. Duk mazauna [[Isra'ila]] suna da haƙƙin samun kulawar lafiya ta asali a matsayin haƙƙi na asali. Tsarin kula da lafiyar Isra'ila ya dogara ne akan Dokar Inshorar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta 1995, wanda ya umarci duk 'yan ƙasar da ke zaune a ƙasar su shiga ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin inshorar lafiya guda huɗu na hukuma, waɗanda aka sani da Kupat Holim (קופת חולים - " ''Sick Funds'' ") waɗanda ake gudanarwa a matsayin ƙungiyoyi marasa riba kuma doka ta hana su shiga duk wani zama na zama ɗan Isra'ila. Isra'ilawa na iya ƙara ɗaukar nauyin lafiyarsu da inganta zaɓuɓɓukan su ta hanyar siyan inshorar lafiya mai zaman kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharon Segel |date=October 2009 |title=Can universal healthcare work? A look at Israel's successful model |url=http://www.physiciansnews.com/2009/10/01/can-universal-healthcare-work-a-look-at-israels-successful-model/ |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=Physicians News Digest}}</ref> A cikin wani bincike da aka gudanar a ƙasashe 48 a shekarar 2013, [[Tsarin kiwon lafiya|tsarin lafiyar]] Isra'ila ya kasance na huɗu a duniya dangane da inganci, kuma a shekarar 2014 ya kasance na bakwai cikin 51. <ref name="bloomberg">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2014 |title=Most Efficient Health Care 2014: Countries - Bloomberg Best (and Worst) |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/infographics/most-efficient-health-care-around-the-world.html |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, [[Tsarin kiwon lafiya|tsarin lafiyar]] Isra'ila ya kasance na uku mafi inganci a duniya. A shekarar 2015, an sanya Isra'ila a matsayi na shida a cikin ƙasashe mafi koshin lafiya a duniya a cikin jerin Bloomberg <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2015 |title=Singapore ranked world's healthiest country, UK fails to make top 20 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/singapore-ranked-worlds-healthiest-country-uk-fails-to-make-top-20-a6716281.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ta zo ta takwas a fannin tsawon rai. === Sipaniya === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>A shekarar 1963, gwamnatin Spain ta kafa tsarin kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya a Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seguridad Social:Conócenos |url=http://www.seg-social.es/Internet_1/LaSeguridadSocial/HistoriadelaSegurid47711/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103055711/http://www.seg-social.es/Internet_1/LaSeguridadSocial/HistoriadelaSegurid47711/index.htm |archive-date=January 3, 2013}}</ref> An ci gaba da wannan tsarin ta hanyar gudummawar ma'aikata, kuma an rufe su da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 2013 |title=Historia de la Sanidad Pública española. Revisión bibliográfica&nbsp;– Revista Médica Electrónica PortalesMedicos.com |url=http://www.revista-portalesmedicos.com/revista-medica/historia-de-la-sanidad-publica-espanola-revision-bibliografica/2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224170219/http://www.revista-portalesmedicos.com/revista-medica/historia-de-la-sanidad-publica-espanola-revision-bibliografica/2/ |archive-date=December 24, 2014}}</ref> An kafa tsarin duniya baki ɗaya daga baya a shekarar 1986. A lokaci guda kuma, an tura kula da lafiyar jama'a ga al'ummomi daban-daban masu cin gashin kansu a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=La protección de la salud en España |url=http://www.msssi.gob.es/organizacion/sns/docs/proteccion08.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918015821/http://www.msssi.gob.es/organizacion/sns/docs/proteccion08.pdf |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=May 5, 2018 |website=msssi.gob.es}}</ref> Duk da cewa a da ba haka lamarin yake ba, a shekarar 1997 an tabbatar da cewa hukumomin gwamnati za su iya ba da gudummawar kula da lafiyar jama'a ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Documento BOE-A-1997-9021 |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1997-9021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224164536/https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1997-9021 |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=BOE.es |pages=13449–13450}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, a layi ɗaya da tsarin kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya, akwai kamfanonin inshora masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ke ba da inshora ga wasu likitoci masu zaman kansu da asibitoci. Wani lokaci ma'aikata za su ba da inshorar lafiya mai zaman kansu a matsayin fa'ida, inda kashi 14.8% na al'ummar Spain ke ƙarƙashin inshorar lafiya mai zaman kanta a cikin 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Informe IDIS, Análisis de situación 2013 |url=http://www.fundacionidis.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/AnalisisSituacion_2013.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224164343/http://www.fundacionidis.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/AnalisisSituacion_2013.pdf |archive-date=December 24, 2014}}</ref> A shekarar 2000, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ayyana tsarin kula da lafiya na Spain a matsayin na 7 mafi kyau a duniya. Tsarin kula da lafiya na Spain yana matsayi na 19 a Turai bisa ga ma'aunin masu amfani da lafiya na Euro na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 European Health Consumer Index |url=https://healthpowerhouse.com/media/EHCI-2018/EHCI-2018-report.pdf |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031255/https://healthpowerhouse.com/media/EHCI-2018/EHCI-2018-report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amurka === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Fayil:Medicare_for_All_Rally_(35372493482).jpg|thumb|Tawagar neman Medicare ga kowa a [[Los Angeles]] a shekarar 2017]] Medicare a Amurka tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a ne, amma an takaita shi ga mutanen da suka kai shekara 65 zuwa sama, mutanen da ke ƙasa da shekara 65 waɗanda ke da nakasa ta musamman, da duk wanda ke da cutar koda ta ƙarshe . An gabatar da shawarwari da dama don tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya a Amurka. An gabatar da Dokar Medicare for All Act a Majalisar Wakilai a watan Fabrairun 2003; an sake gabatar da ita sau da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Galvani |first=Alison P. |last2=Parpia |first2=Alyssa S. |last3=Foster |first3=Eric M. |last4=Singer |first4=Burton H. |last5=Fitzpatrick |first5=Meagan C. |date=2020-02-15 |title=Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=524–533 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33019-3 |issn=0140-6736 |pmc=8572548 |pmid=32061298 |s2cid=211105345}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2018, 'yan Democrat sama da 60 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka sun sanar da kafa Dokar Medicare for All Caucus . A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2021, daidai shekara guda bayan COVID-19 ya bayyana a kowace [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|jiha ta Amurka]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayapal, Dingell to Unveil Medicare for All Act Exactly One Year After 1st Covid Cases Confirmed in Every State |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/03/13/jayapal-dingell-unveil-medicare-all-act-exactly-one-year-after-1st-covid-cases |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=Common Dreams |language=en}}</ref> 'Yan Democrat na Majalisar sun gabatar da Dokar Medicare for All Act ta 2021 tare da magoya baya 112. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Everyone In, Nobody Out': Jayapal, Dingell Introduce Medicare for All Act With 112 Co-Sponsors |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/03/17/everyone-nobody-out-jayapal-dingell-introduce-medicare-all-act-112-co-sponsors |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=Common Dreams |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Progressive Democrats Revive Medicare-for-All Campaign |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/medicare-for-all-gets-renewed-push-after-pandemic-devastation/ar-BB1eGtlY |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=House Democrats bring back Medicare-for-all, seeking to push Biden left |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/house-democrats-bring-back-medicare-for-all-seeking-to-push-biden-left/ar-BB1eEOdh |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henney |first=Megan |date=2021-03-17 |title=House Dems renew push for 'Medicare-for-all,' pressure Biden to move left |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/house-dems-renew-push-for-medicare-for-all |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=FOXBusiness |language=en-US}}</ref> Masu fafutuka sun yi jayayya cewa kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya na rigakafi na iya adana ɗaruruwan biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara saboda kulawar lafiya ta jama'a za ta amfani ma'aikata da masu amfani, cewa ma'aikata za su amfana daga tarin abokan ciniki masu yawa kuma masu ɗaukar ma'aikata za su iya biyan ƙasa da haka, za a kare su daga kuɗaɗen gudanarwa, kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin ma'aikata zai ragu. Babban dalilin da ya sa Amurkawa ke ba da kuɗi mai yawa shine babban dalilin da ya sa Amurkawa ke ba da matsalolin samun kulawar lafiya. <ref name="dpeaflcio.org">{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The U.S. Health Care System: An International Perspective - DPEAFLCIO |url=http://dpeaflcio.org/programs-publications/issue-fact-sheets/the-u-s-health-care-system-an-international-perspective/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328093811/http://dpeaflcio.org/programs-publications/issue-fact-sheets/the-u-s-health-care-system-an-international-perspective/ |archive-date=March 28, 2018 |website=dpeaflcio.org}}</ref> A sama da miliyan 27, adadin mutanen da ba su da inshorar lafiya a Amurka yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan damuwar da masu fafutukar sake fasalin kiwon lafiya ke fuskanta. Rashin inshorar lafiya yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar mace-mace - kimanin mace-mace 60,000 da za a iya hanawa kowace shekara, ya danganta da binciken. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2017 |title="There will be deaths": Atul Gawande on the GOP plan to replace Obamacare |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/22/15857482/atul-gawande-gop-health-plan-bcra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190845/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/6/22/15857482/atul-gawande-gop-health-plan-bcra |archive-date=July 31, 2017}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka yi a Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard tare da Cambridge Health Alliance ya nuna cewa kusan mace-mace 45,000 a shekara suna da alaƙa da rashin inshorar lafiyar marasa lafiya. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Amurkawa masu aiki marasa inshora suna da haɗarin mutuwa kusan kashi 40% mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da Amurkawa masu inshorar sirri. Masu tallafawa masu biyan kuɗi ɗaya ko Medicare for All sun lura cewa tsiraru da talakawa, da kuma mazauna karkara gabaɗaya, ba su da ƙarfin biyan inshorar lafiya mai zaman kansa, kuma waɗanda za su iya dole ne su biya manyan kuɗaɗen da za a cire daga asusun inshorar lafiya da kuma biyan kuɗi na haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke barazana ga iyalai da lalacewar kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-08-22 |title=Health Care In Rural America |url=https://www.cfra.org/Healthcare |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=Center for Rural Affairs |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2015 |title=Single-Payer Health Reform: A Step Toward Reducing Structural Racism in Health Care {{!}} Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication |url=http://harvardpublichealthreview.org/single-payer-health-reform-a-step-toward-reducing-structural-racism-in-health-care/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=harvardpublichealthreview.org |archive-date=2020-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610175254/http://harvardpublichealthreview.org/single-payer-health-reform-a-step-toward-reducing-structural-racism-in-health-care/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu fafutuka sun kiyasta tanadi na dogon lokaci wanda ya kai kashi 40% na duk kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya na ƙasa saboda tsawaita lokacin kula da lafiyar rigakafi, kodayake ƙididdiga daga Ofishin Kasafin Kuɗi na Majalisa da ''Jaridar New England ta Medicine'' sun gano cewa kulawar rigakafi ta fi tsada saboda ƙaruwar amfani da ita. <ref name="canadasavings">{{Cite journal |last=Hogg |first=W. |last2=Baskerville |first2=N |last3=Lemelin |first3=J |year=2005 |title=Cost savings associated with improving appropriate and reducing inappropriate preventive care: cost-consequences analysis |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=5 |issue=1 |page=20 |doi=10.1186/1472-6963-5-20 |pmc=1079830 |pmid=15755330 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duk wani tsarin ƙasa za a biya shi ta hanyar haraji wanda zai maye gurbin kuɗin inshora, amma masu fafutuka kuma sun yi imanin cewa za a cimma tanadi ta hanyar kulawa ta rigakafi da kuma kawar da kuɗaɗen kamfanin inshora da kuɗin biyan kuɗi na asibiti. <ref name="nytimes">{{Cite web |last=Krugman |first=Paul |date=June 13, 2005 |title=One Nation, Uninsured |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/13/opinion/13krugman.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113102609/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/13/opinion/13krugman.html |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |access-date=December 4, 2011 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Wani bincike na 2008 game da lissafin mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya da Likitoci suka yi don Shirin Lafiya na Ƙasa ya kiyasta cewa tanadin nan take zai kai dala biliyan 350 a kowace shekara. Asusun Commonwealth ya yi imanin cewa, idan Amurka ta amince da tsarin kula da lafiya na duniya baki ɗaya, adadin mace-mace zai inganta kuma ƙasar za ta adana kusan dala biliyan 570 a shekara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=Gerald |author-link=Gerald Friedman (economist) |title=Funding a National Single-Payer System "Medicare for All" Would save Billions, and Could Be Redistributive |journal=[[Dollars & Sense]]}}</ref> ==== Manufofi da shawarwari na ƙasa ==== Gwamnati na ƙara shiga cikin kashe kuɗin kula da lafiya na Amurka, tana biyan kusan kashi 45% na dala tiriliyan 2.2 da ƙasar ta kashe kan kula da lafiyar mutane a shekarar 2004. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa kason da gwamnati ke bayarwa na kiwon lafiya a Amurka na iya kusan kusan kashi 60% a shekarar 2002. A cewar masanin tattalin arziki a fannin lafiya na Jami'ar Princeton, Uwe Reinhardt, masanin tattalin arziki na Medicare, Medicaid, da kuma Shirin Inshorar Lafiyar Yara na Jiha (SCHIP) suna wakiltar "nau'ikan ' inshorar zamantakewa ' tare da tsarin isar da lafiya mai zaman kansa" maimakon nau'ikan " maganin zamantakewa ". Sabanin haka, ya bayyana tsarin kula da lafiyar Tsohon Soji a matsayin cikakken nau'in maganin zamantakewa saboda "gwamnati ce ke da shi, ke gudanarwa kuma tana ba da kuɗi." A cikin wata takarda da aka yi nazari a kanta da aka buga a cikin ''Annals of Internal Medicine'', masu bincike na RAND Corporation sun ba da rahoton cewa ingancin kulawar da marasa lafiya na Tsohon Soji suka samu ya fi yawa a jimilla fiye da ma'auni makamancin haka ga marasa lafiya da ke amfani da Medicare na Amurka a halin yanzu. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Asch SM, McGlynn EA, Hogan MM, et al |date=December 2004 |title=Comparison of quality of care for patients in the Veterans Health Administration and patients in a national sample |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=141 |issue=12 |pages=938–45 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-141-12-200412210-00010 |pmid=15611491 |s2cid=35973709 |doi-access=}}</ref> Dokar Medicare for All wani tsari ne da aka daɗe ana amfani da shi a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka wanda a wancan lokacin, John Conyers (D-MI) ya gabatar sau da yawa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka . Dokar za ta kafa tsarin kula da lafiya na kowa da kowa wanda ke biyan kuɗi ɗaya a Amurka, wanda yayi daidai da Medicare na Kanada, Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa ta Burtaniya, da Ofishin Inshorar Lafiya ta Ƙasa na [[Taiwan]], da sauran misalai. An fara gabatar da dokar a shekarar 2003 kuma an sake gabatar da ita a kowace Majalisa tun daga lokacin. <ref name="intro2013" /> A lokacin muhawarar kula da lafiya ta 2009 game da dokar da ta zama Dokar Kare Marasa Lafiya da Kulawa Mai Sauƙi, ana sa ran Majalisar za ta yi muhawara a kanta kuma ta kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan HR 676 a watan Satumba na 2009, amma ba a taɓa yin muhawara a kanta ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=H.R. 676: United States National Health Care Act or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act (Govtrack.us) |url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-676 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131101240/http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-676 |archive-date=January 31, 2010 |access-date=December 1, 2009}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Bernie Sanders na 2016, inda aka nuna himma ga kula da lafiya ta duniya, shawarwarin masu biyan kuɗi ɗaya sun sami karɓuwa. Conyers ya sake gabatar da kudirinsa a Majalisar Wakilai a watan Janairun 2017. Bayan watanni hudu, kudirin ya samu goyon bayan masu tallafawa 112, wanda ya zarce kashi 25% na tallafin hadin gwiwa. <ref name="hr676/2017">{{Cite web |title=H.R.676 - Expanded & Improved Medicare For All Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/676?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22John+conyers%22%5D%7D&r=12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918155538/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/676?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22John+conyers%22%5D%7D&r=12 |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> A watan Satumba na wannan shekarar, Sanders da kansa, tare da masu tallafawa 16, sun gabatar da kudirin Medicare-for-all a Majalisar Dattawa (S. 1804). <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2017 |title=S.1804 - A bill to establish a Medicare-for-all health insurance program |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1804?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Bernard+Sanders%22%5D%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505224729/https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1804?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Bernard+Sanders%22%5D%7D |archive-date=May 5, 2018 |access-date=September 18, 2017}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Mercatus kan shawarar da masanin tattalin arziki Jeffrey Sachs ya gabatar a shekarar 2017 ya gano cewa "ya kammala da gaskiya kuma kai tsaye cewa M4A za ta samar da ƙarin inshorar lafiya a farashi mai rahusa fiye da yadda take a yanzu, yana hasashen raguwar kashe kuɗin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa da dala tiriliyan 2 a cikin shekaru 10 (2022-2031), yayin da kuma ke ba da damar ƙara yawan inshorar kiwon lafiya." Duk da haka, masanin Mercatus Robert Graboyes ya nuna cewa binciken ya ɗauki zato na masu fafutukar kudirin da gangan don kawai a yi jayayya: "Idan M4A ta samar da kowace fa'ida da kuma tanadin da Sanders ya yi hasashen zai faru, ta yaya kuɗaɗen gwamnatin tarayya za su canza?" Ya ci gaba da cewa: "Sanders ya ɗauka cewa za mu iya sukar likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, asibitoci, kamfanonin magunguna, da sauransu da rage albashi mai yawa, amma duk da haka muna tsammanin za su samar da ayyuka da kayayyaki da farin ciki fiye da yadda suke yi yanzu. Ya kuma ɗauka cewa ma'aikatan gwamnati na tarayya ... za su zama abin koyi ga ingantaccen gudanarwa." Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisa da hukumomin gwamnati masu alaƙa sun ƙididdige kuɗin tsarin kula da lafiya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya sau da yawa tun daga 1991. Ofishin Kula da Hakkin Gwamnati ya buga wani rahoto a 1991 yana lura da cewa "[Idan] Amurka za ta koma ga tsarin kula da lafiya na duniya da mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya, kamar yadda yake a Kanada, tanadin kuɗaɗen gudanarwa [kashi 10 cikin 100 na kashe kuɗi na lafiya] zai isa ya rage kuɗin kula da lafiya na duniya." Babban Bankin Duniya ya ƙididdige kuɗin a shekarar 1991, yana mai lura da cewa "yawan mutanen da ba su da inshora a halin yanzu za a iya biyan su ba tare da ƙara yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa a ƙasa kan lafiya ba" kuma "dukkan mazauna Amurka za su iya samun inshorar lafiya na kusan matakin kashe kuɗi na yanzu ko ma ƙasa da haka, saboda tanadi a cikin kuɗaɗen gudanarwa da ƙarancin kuɗin biyan kuɗi don ayyukan da masu inshorar masu zaman kansu ke amfani da su." Rahoton CBO a shekarar 1993 ya bayyana cewa "<nowiki>[[t]]</nowiki> kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa wajen cimma tsarin inshorar duniya a ƙarƙashin wannan tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya zai zama mara kyau" a wani ɓangare saboda "kuɗin da masu amfani za su biya don lafiya zai faɗi da $1,118 ga kowane mutum, amma haraji dole ne ya ƙaru da $1,261 ga kowane mutum" domin biyan kuɗin shirin. Wani sakamako na watan Yulin 1993 ya kuma haifar da sakamako mai kyau, inda CBO ta bayyana cewa, "[a]s shirin ya fara aiki a mataki na farko, tanadin gudanarwa daga canzawa zuwa tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya zai daidaita yawancin buƙatun ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ake buƙata." Daga baya, iyaka kan ci gaban kasafin kuɗin kiwon lafiya na ƙasa zai riƙe ƙimar ci gaban kashe kuɗi ƙasa da tushen tushe." Babban Bankin Ƙasa ya kuma ba da takardar shaidar Dokar Lafiya da Tsaro ta Amurka ta Sanata Paul Wellstone ta 1993 a watan Disamba 1993, inda ya gano cewa "a shekara ta biyar (da kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa) sabon tsarin zai yi ƙasa da farashin tushe." Wani bincike da aka buga a shekarar 2014 a mujallar BMC Medical Services Research ta James Kahn, da sauransu, ya gano cewa ainihin nauyin gudanarwa na kula da lafiya a Amurka shine kashi 27% na duk kuɗaɗen kiwon lafiya na ƙasa. Binciken ya binciki kuɗaɗen kai tsaye da kamfanonin inshora ke caji don riba, gudanarwa da tallatawa, amma kuma nauyin da ba na kai tsaye ba da aka ɗora wa masu samar da kiwon lafiya kamar asibitoci, gidajen jinya da likitoci saboda kuɗaɗen da suka kashe wajen aiki da kamfanonin inshorar lafiya masu zaman kansu, gami da tattaunawar kwangila, harkokin kuɗi da kuma rikodin asibiti (mai canzawa da kuma na musamman ga kowane mai biyan kuɗi). Kahn, da sauransu, sun kiyasta cewa ƙarin kuɗin da aka kashe wa tsarin kiwon lafiyar masu zaman kansu a Amurka ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 471 a shekarar 2012 idan aka kwatanta da tsarin biyan kuɗi ɗaya kamar na Kanada. Wannan ya wakilci sama da kashi 20% na jimillar kuɗin kula da lafiya na ƙasa a shekarar 2012. Kahn ya yi iƙirarin cewa wannan ƙarin kuɗin gudanarwa zai ƙaru a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kulawa Mai Sauƙi tare da dogaro da samar da inshorar lafiya ta hanyar tsarin biyan kuɗi da yawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kahn |first=James |date=2014 |title=Billing and insurance-related administrative costs in US healthcare |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=14 |page=556 |doi=10.1186/s12913-014-0556-7 |pmc=4283267 |pmid=25540104 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka yi a watan Fabrairun 2020 wanda aka buga a ''jaridar The Lancet'' ya gano cewa dokar Medicare for All Act da aka tsara za ta ceci rayuka 68,000 da kuma dala biliyan 450 a cikin kuɗin kula da lafiya na ƙasa kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Galvani |first=Alison P |last2=Parpia |first2=Alyssa S |last3=Foster |first3=Eric M |last4=Singer |first4=Burton H |last5=Fitzpatrick |first5=Meagan C |date=February 13, 2020 |title=Improving the prognosis of health care in the USA |journal=The Lancet |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=524–533 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33019-3 |pmc=8572548 |pmid=32061298 |s2cid=211105345}}</ref> A cewar wani bincike da aka yi a shekarar 2022 da aka buga a cikin Littafin ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', tsarin kula da lafiya na duniya mai biyan kuɗi ɗaya zai ceci rayuka 212,000 kuma ya hana sama da dala biliyan 100 na kuɗin likita a lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Amurka a shekarar 2020 kawai. Kusan kashi 16% na dukkan mace-macen COVID-19 sun faru ne a Amurka, duk da cewa kashi 4% ne kawai na yawan jama'ar duniya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Galvani |first=Alison P. |last2=Parpia |first2=Alyssa S. |display-authors=etal. |date=2022 |title=Universal healthcare as pandemic preparedness: The lives and costs that could have been saved during the COVID-19 pandemic |journal=PNAS |volume=119 |issue=25 |bibcode=2022PNAS..11900536G |doi=10.1073/pnas.2200536119 |pmc=9231482 |pmid=35696578 |s2cid=249645274 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> lyryu1zz17134fw132p9k6dlclopvcg Kogin Oyun 0 155333 891632 848805 2026-08-05T09:17:16Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 891632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Oyun''' (Yoruba: Odò Òyun) kogi ne a yankin Ilorin a jihar Kwara, a Najeriya. Kogin Oyun yana gudana daga kudu maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma.<ref>Manta, I. H.; Ahaneku, I. E.; Pamdaya, N. Y. (2010-12-31). "RIVER DISCHARGE GENERATION USING WATER BALANCE COMPUTER MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF RIVER OYUN, KWARA STATE, NIGERIA". Nigerian Journal of Technological Development. 7 (2): 94–103. ISSN 2437-2110.</ref><ref>"River Oyun (Oyun River) - Kwara State Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:8.58333 and Long:4.56667". www.getamap.net. Retrieved 2024-08-02.</ref> == Manazarta == guney75yi1bs3jrnvmo8mn003uksqt2 Kogin Shasha 0 155334 891634 848829 2026-08-05T09:22:14Z DaSupremo 9834 Added databox 891634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Shasha''' ko kogin Sasa (Yoruba: Odo Shasha) kogi ne a jihohin Legas, Ogun da Osun a Najeriya.<ref>"River Shasha, Nigeria – Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". geographic.org. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Yanayin ya bambanta daga dajin damina a arewa zuwa fadamar mangrove a kudu.<ref>Aduwo, Idowu; Adesakin, Taiwo; Oyewale, Abayomi; Adeniyi, Funso (2023-01-19). "Assessment the impact of Anthropogenic activities on sediment physico-chemical characteristics of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2475475/v1. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> == Hakika == Kogin Shasha kogi ne da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda ya ratsa ta jihohin Osun, Ogun, da Legas. Ya samo asali ne daga kauyen Shasha da ke yankin Ife na jihar Osun kuma ya bi ta kudu maso yamma har tsawon kilomita 50 kafin ya shiga cikin tafkin Lekki. Kogin ya ratsa garuruwa da dama da suka hada da Ipetumodu, Odeomu, da Edunabon, kafin ya kai bakinsa a tafkin Lekki. Tare da tafiyarsa, kogin Shasha yana zubar da wani yanki mai mahimmanci na yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ciki har da kogin Osun da harabar jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo.<ref>"Characterization, land capability and fertility classification of soils along Kpantinapu-Nukkai toposequence in Jalingo, Taraba State". Nigerian Journal of Soil Science: 24–33. 2020-01-17. doi:10.36265/njss.2020.300204.</ref> Har ila yau kogin ya ratsa kauyuka da dama da suka hada da Eyentanle, Kinkinyiun, Odeyinka, Ogbaagba, Sunmoge, da sauransu, yana ba da ruwa da kuma tallafa wa rayuwar al’ummar yankin.<ref>"Ife Journal of Agriculture". ija.oauife.edu.ng. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Ruwan kogin yana da tasiri ga yanayin danshi na yankin, tare da mafi yawan ruwan da ke faruwa a lokacin damina.<ref>"Relief for Osun farmers, rural dwellers with RAMP". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 2018-08-22. Retrieved 2024-05-28.</ref><ref>"Ife Journal of Agriculture". ''ija.oauife.edu.ng''. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Gadar Shasha dake titin Ipetumodu-Odeomu, Ipetumodu, jihar Osun Kogin Shasha, wani muhimmin magudanar ruwa a cikin Kogin Ogun-Osun, yana kwararowa cikin tafkin Lekki da ke Imobi ta Epe.<ref>"Ecological Studies of Phytoplankton Distribution and Abundance in River Shasha, Southwestern Nigeria". Docslib. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Kogin Opa yana haɗuwa da kogin Osun, yayin da Rivers Owena da Oni suka haɗu zuwa cikin kogin Shasha kafin daga bisani ya shiga cikin tafkin Lekki.<ref>Aduwo, Idowu; Adesakin, Taiwo; Oyewale, Abayomi; Adeniyi, Funso (2023-01-19). "Assessment the impact of Anthropogenic activities on sediment physico-chemical characteristics of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2475475/v1. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> == Muhalli == Yankin yana da yanayi daban-daban guda biyu: lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Lokacin damina yawanci yana gudana daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, tare da ruwan sama mafi girma yana faruwa a Yuli da Satumba. Lokacin rani yana daga Nuwamba zuwa Mayu.<ref>"River Shasha, Nigeria – Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". geographic.org. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Yanayin kogin gida ne ga jimillar nau'ikan phytoplankton 121 da aka rubuta, na ƙungiyoyin haraji 13. Bacillariophyta ita ce rukuni mafi wakilci, tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan 53, yana ba da gudummawar 43.80% na jimlar ƙungiyoyin phytoplankton.<ref>Aduwo, Idowu; Adesakin, Taiwo; Oyewale, Abayomi; Adeniyi, Funso (2023-01-19). "Assessment the impact of Anthropogenic activities on sediment physico-chemical characteristics of Owalla Reservoir, Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria". doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2475475/v1. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref><ref>"Ife Journal of Agriculture". ''ija.oauife.edu.ng''. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> Ruwan kogin yana gurbata da kayan halitta, yana nuna yanayin mesosaprobic. Wannan gurbacewar yanayi na haifar da babbar barazana ga yanayin kogin da kuma mutanen da suka dogara da shi domin samun rayuwarsu. Duk da waɗannan ƙalubalen, kogin Shasha ya kasance muhimmin albarkatu ga jama'ar Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya, da ke tallafawa aikin noma, kamun kifi, da nishaɗi. Magudanar ruwanta gida ce ga mutane kusan 75,000, wadanda suka dogara da kogin a matsayin tushen ruwansu na farko don sha da amfanin gida.<ref>"Ecological Studies of Phytoplankton Distribution and Abundance in River Shasha, Southwestern Nigeria". Docslib. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</ref> == Manazarta == a1gs8vu61b5r6wubgdpwqd2f7zqlcra Emeka Ed Keazor 0 158186 891372 859403 2026-08-04T14:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Emeka Ed Keazor''' lauya ce ta Najeriya, marubuciya, masanin tarihi, kuma mai shirya fina-finai, an haife ta Kenneth Keazor da Victoria Keazor . A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin darektan Cibiyar Nsibidi.<ref name="Guardian2">{{Cite news |date=2025-06-10 |title=Nigerian historian Keazor named director of Nsibidi Institute |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigerian-historian-keazor-named-director-of-nsibidi-institute/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2022 ya zama shugaban Piql West Africa.<ref name="Sun2">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-16 |title=Piql appoints Nze Keazor board chairman |url=https://thesun.ng/piql-appoints-nze-keazor-board-chairman/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref name="Thisday2">{{Cite news |date=4 December 2022 |title=Piql West Africa Strengthens Board with New Chairman in Significant Deal |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/12/04/piql-west-africa-strengthens-board-with-new-chairman-in-significant-deal/ |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> Shi ne darektan kuma furodusa na fim din da ya lashe lambar yabo - Janairu 15: Untold Memories of the Nigeria-Biafra War, fim din da ke ba da labarin yakin basasar Najeriya; fim din ya ba shi lambar yabo a kyautar fim din Spotlight a 2021 kuma an zabi shi don mafi kyawun fim a [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|AMAA]] a 2020. A cikin 2016, [[YNaija]] ya lissafa shi a cikin 100 masu tasiri na Najeriya da ke raye.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-12 |title=These are the 100 Most Influential Nigerians alive today |url=https://ynaija.com/y100-100-influential-nigerians-alive-today |website=ynaija.com}}</ref> == Ilimi da rayuwar mutum == Keazor ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Home Science da Kwalejin St Gregory, duka biyu a Legas. Daga nan ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] don digiri na farko a fannin shari'a. Ya kasance tsohon jami'in shari'a da Kwalejin Birkbeck, Jami'ar London . Ya kasance Fellow na Royal Society for the Arts, Associate Fellow na Real Historical Society, kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta African Society of Cambridge University Award na 2014 don bincike a Tarihin Afirka == Littattafai == * ''Kofin Tarayya da Kwallon Kafa na Najeriya: Godiya ga Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa mafi tsufa'' * ''Layin Legas-Hamburg''<ref name="Sun">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-16 |title=Piql appoints Nze Keazor board chairman |url=https://thesun.ng/piql-appoints-nze-keazor-board-chairman/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref name="Thisday">{{Cite news |date=4 December 2022 |title=Piql West Africa Strengthens Board with New Chairman in Significant Deal |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/12/04/piql-west-africa-strengthens-board-with-new-chairman-in-significant-deal/ |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> * ''120 Manyan 'yan Najeriya Ba Mu taɓa sani ba'' * ''Najeriya60: Rashin mafarki na shekaru 99'' * ''Najeriya: Tafiyar zuwa amalgamation'' * ''Shin Rayuwar Baƙar fata ta Muhimmanci ga Daular Burtaniya a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' * ''Tarihin Igbo: Abubuwa masu muhimmanci, nasarori da ƙalubale - Ed Emeka Keazor'' * ''An fitar da shi: Juyin Juya Halin Enugu Rangers (1970-1977) '' == Hotuna == * ''uniya na 2''<ref name="Ynaija">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-21 |title=Ed Keazor Remembers Nigeria's Forgotten Army in "Company Yaya: Lost African Voices of World War 2" |url=https://ynaija.com/ed-keazor-remembers-nigerias-forgotten-army-in-company-yaya-lost-african-voices-of-world-war-2/ |website=ynaija.com}}</ref> * ''Kada ka ce Mutu: Labari da Tarihin Rangers<ref name="Sun3">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-16 |title=Piql appoints Nze Keazor board chairman |url=https://thesun.ng/piql-appoints-nze-keazor-board-chairman/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref name="Thisday3">{{Cite news |date=4 December 2022 |title=Piql West Africa Strengthens Board with New Chairman in Significant Deal |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/12/04/piql-west-africa-strengthens-board-with-new-chairman-in-significant-deal/ |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref>'' * ''Onunaekwuluora: Labarin Thurstan Shaw'' * ''Tafiyar Beats''<ref name="Sun4">{{Cite news |date=2022-12-16 |title=Piql appoints Nze Keazor board chairman |url=https://thesun.ng/piql-appoints-nze-keazor-board-chairman/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref><ref name="Thisday4">{{Cite news |date=4 December 2022 |title=Piql West Africa Strengthens Board with New Chairman in Significant Deal |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/12/04/piql-west-africa-strengthens-board-with-new-chairman-in-significant-deal/ |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> * ''Janairu 15, 1970: Abubuwan da ba a taɓa ba game da Najeriya - Yaƙin Biafra''<ref name="TW Magazine">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-17 |title=January 15, 1970 – Untold memories of the Nigeria-Biafra war |url=https://twmagazine.net/lifestyle/living/january-15-1970-untold-memories-of-the-nigeria-biafra-war/ |website=twmagazine.net |access-date=2026-06-17 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930133605/https://twmagazine.net/lifestyle/living/january-15-1970-untold-memories-of-the-nigeria-biafra-war/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Legas: Haihuwar Birni na Style (2017) '' == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] g1qx1sdintu7rqon26iitkr7aiwvn9u Flubendazole 0 158282 891434 859637 2026-08-04T19:02:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Drugbox|Verifiedfields=changed|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=407194173|IUPAC_name=Methyl ''N''-[6-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1''H''-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate|image=Flubendazole.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|width=225 <!--Clinical data-->|tradename=|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|international|flubendazole}}|DailyMedID=Flubendazole|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->|pregnancy_US=<!-- A / B / C / D / X -->|pregnancy_category=|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->|legal_CA=<!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->|legal_US=<!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|elimination_half-life=|excretion=<!--Identifiers-->|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|correct|??}}|CAS_number=31430-15-6|ATC_prefix=P02|ATC_suffix=CA05|ATC_supplemental={{ATCvet|P52|AC12}}|PubChem=35802|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}|DrugBank=DB08974|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|changed|FDA}}|UNII=R8M46911LR|KEGG_Ref={{keggcite|correct|kegg}}|KEGG=D04200|ChEBI_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEBI=77095|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEMBL=145946|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}|ChemSpiderID=32932 <!--Chemical data-->|C=16|H=12|F=1|N=3|O=3|melting_point=243<ref name="Vasilev_2023">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vasilev NA, Voronin AP, Surov AO, Perlovich GL | title = Influence of Co-amorphization on the Physical Stability and Dissolution Performance of an Anthelmintic Drug Flubendazole | journal = Molecular Pharmaceutics | volume = 20 | issue = 3 | pages = 1657–1669 | date = March 2023 | pmid = 36732935 | doi = 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00873 | s2cid = 256546280 }}</ref>|solubility=10.0 ± 0.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup> μg/mL (pH 1.6); 0.29 ± 0.06 × 10<sup>−6</sup> μg/mL (pH 6.5) <ref name="Vasilev_2023"/>|smiles=COC(=O)Nc1[nH]c2ccc(cc2n1)C(=O)c3ccc(cc3)F|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C16H12FN3O3/c1-23-16(22)20-15-18-12-7-4-10(8-13(12)19-15)14(21)9-2-5-11(17)6-3-9/h2-8H,1H3,(H2,18,19,20,22)|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Flubendazole</nowiki&gt;">Flubendazole</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Flubendazole.svg|class=skin-invert-image|225x225px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/international/flubendazole.html Sunayen Magunguna na Duniya]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Bayanan lasisi]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;United States</nowiki&gt;">US</abbr></small> DailyMed: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">[https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Flubendazole Flubendazole]</span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar ATC | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * P02CA05 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P02CA05 WHO]</span>) QP52AC12 (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet">[https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP52AC12 WHO]</span>) &#x20;&#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;">Met''H'' ''N''-[6- (4-fluorobenzoyl) -1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=31430-15-6 31430-15-6]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/35802 35802]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08974 DB08974] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918090753/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08974 |date=2019-09-18 }}</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.32932.html 32932]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/R8M46911LR R8M46911LR]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |KEGG | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.kegg.jp">[https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D04200 D04200]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEBI | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:77095 CHEBI: 77095]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL145946 ChEMBL145946]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8023058 DTXSID8023058][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241992#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |<nowiki><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.046.007 100.046.007][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241992#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>16</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>12</sub><span title="Fluorine">F</span><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>3</sub> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">313.288</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;<sup>−1</sup> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=COC%28%3DO%29Nc1%5BnH%5Dc2ccc%28cc2n1%29C%28%3DO%29c3ccc%28cc3%29F Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Matsayi na narkewa | class="infobox-data" |243 °C (469 °F) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Rashin narkewa a cikin ruwa | class="infobox-data" |10.0 ± 0.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup> μg/mL (pH 1.6); 0.29 ± 0.06 × 10− 6 μg/ML (ph 6.5) <ref name="Vasilev_2023" /> mg/mL (20 °C) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">COC (=O) Nc1[nH]c2ccc (cc2n1) C (=O) c3ccc (occ3) F</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">I<sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup>=1S/C16H12FN3O3/c1-23-16 (22) 20-15-18-12-7-4-10 (8-13 (12) 19-15) 14 (21) 9-2-5-11 (17) 6-3-9/h2-8H,1H3, (H2,18,19,20,22) N</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: CPEUVMUXAHMA<sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup>-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;<sup>[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span>[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span></sup>&nbsp; (mece wannan?) </span><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=407194173&page2=Flubendazole (Gaskiya)]</span></span> |} '''Flubendazole''' maganin rigakafi ne, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin mutane da kuma dalilai na likitan dabbobi. Yana da kusanci sosai da sunadarai zuwa mebendazole, bambancin kawai shine ƙarin kwayar fluorine.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Heyer F, Tourte-Schaeffer C, Ancelle T, Faurant C, Lapierre J |date=1 February 1982 |title=Le flubendazole : un progrès dans le traitement des helminthiases intestinales. A propos de 471 observations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0399077X82800474 |journal=Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses |language=fr |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=57–61 |doi=10.1016/S0399-077X(82)80047-4 |issn=0399-077X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kamar mebendazole, flubendazole yana hana tubulin polymerization.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Baksheeva VE, La Rocca R, Allegro D, Derviaux C, Pasquier E, Roche P, Morelli X, Devred F, Golovin AV, Tsvetkov PO |date=2025 |title=NanoDSF Screening for Anti-tubulin Agents Uncovers New Structure–Activity Insights |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |doi=10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c01008}}</ref> == Amfani da Mutum == Yana samuwa don amfani da mutum don magance cututtukan tsutsotsi. A wasu ƙasashe kamar Faransa, ba shi da tsada kuma yana samuwa OTC (ba tare da takardar magani ba) <ref>{{Cite web |title=FLUVERMAL |url=https://www.vidal.fr/medicaments/gammes/fluvermal-3835.html |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=VIDAL |language=fr}}</ref> a ƙarƙashin sunan alama Fluvermal a matsayin madadin mebendazole wanda a halin yanzu ba a sayar da shi a can ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VERMOX |url=https://www.vidal.fr/medicaments/gammes/vermox-28317.html |website=VIDAL |language=fr}}</ref> == Amfani da dabbobi == A karkashin amfani da dabbobi, sunan sa shine '''Flutelmium''' wanda shine paste wanda Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. ke amfani da shi don kariya daga kwayar cuta ta ciki da tsutsotsi a cikin karnuka da cats. Sauran sunayen alama sune '''Flubenol''', '''Biovermin''', da '''Flumoxal''' . Tun daga shekara ta 2000, an kara shimfiɗa ƙwanƙwasawa da aka yi da Flubendazole a kan shimfidar wuri a duk faɗin wuraren harbi na Burtaniya da yawa ta masu kula da wasan a ƙoƙarin rage tasirin lambobin tsuntsaye daga tsutsotsi masu ƙarfi. Ana buƙatar shaidar babban nauyin tsutsotsi kafin likitan dabbobi ya iya rarraba kuma ya sayar da samfurin, wanda aka sani da 'girin magani'. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Best practice use of medicated grit |url=http://www.gwct.org.uk/advisory/guides/medicated-grit-best-practice/ |access-date=27 September 2016 |website=Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust}}</ref> Koyaya, an sami karuwar damuwa game da gurɓataccen da ke shiga cikin ruwan ƙasa da ke gudana daga moorlands, da kuma amfani da shi a cikin yanayin noma da kasancewarsa a cikin turare. Masu bincike suna fara tattara shaidar bincike don sanar da ci gaban manufofi game da kasancewar wannan da sauran magungunan dabbobi a cikin yanayi mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis, occurrence and effects of flubendazole in moorland river catchments |url=http://www.nercdtp.leeds.ac.uk/projects/index.php?id=527 |access-date=11 January 2017 |website=www.nercdtp.leeds.ac.uk |publisher=Leeds York NERC Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP) |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113132522/http://www.nercdtp.leeds.ac.uk/projects/index.php?id=527 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kreuzig R, Blümlein K, Höltge S |date=November 2007 |title=Fate of the Benzimidazole Antiparasitics Flubendazole and Fenbendazole in Manure and Manured Soils |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227792944 |journal=CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=488–494 |bibcode=2007CSAW...35..488K |doi=10.1002/clen.200720023 |access-date=11 January 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lxd0uol6aeybxfudthd0iycit2sytxd Fumagillin 0 158411 891461 860254 2026-08-04T20:17:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Drugbox|Verifiedfields=changed|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=443641231|IUPAC_name=(2''E'',4''E'',6''E'',8''E''<nowiki>)-10-{[(3</nowiki>''R'',4''S'',5''S'',6''R'')-5-methoxy- 4-[(2''R'')-2-methyl-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)oxiran-2-yl]-1- oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy}-10 -oxodeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid|image=Fumagillin_structure.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|width=250 <!--Clinical data-->|tradename=|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|international|fumagillin}}|pregnancy_category=|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|elimination_half-life=<!--Identifiers-->|CAS_number_Ref={{cascite|correct|??}}|CAS_number=23110-15-8|ATC_prefix=P01|ATC_suffix=AX10|ATC_supplemental={{ATCvet|P51|AX23}}|ChEBI_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEBI=48635|DrugBank_Ref={{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}|DrugBank=DB02640|ChEMBL_Ref={{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|ChEMBL=32838|UNII_Ref={{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|UNII=7OW73204U1|PubChem=6917655|ChemSpiderID_Ref={{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}|ChemSpiderID=5292885|smiles=CC(=CC[C@@H]1[C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@]23CO3)OC(=O)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(=O)O)OC)C|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C26H34O7/c1-18(2)13-14-20-25(3,33-20)24-23(30-4)19(15-16-26(24)17-31-26)32-22(29)12-10-8-6-5-7-9-11-21(27)28/h5-13,19-20,23-24H,14-17H2,1-4H3,(H,27,28)/b7-5+,8-6+,11-9+,12-10+/t19-,20-,23-,24-,25+,26+/m1/s1|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=NGGMYCMLYOUNGM-CSDLUJIJSA-N <!--Chemical data-->|C=26|H=34|O=7}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Fumagillin</nowiki&gt;">Fumagillin</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Fumagillin_structure.svg|class=skin-invert-image|250x250px]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/international/fumagillin.html Sunayen Magunguna na Duniya]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|Lambar ATC]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * P01AX10 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=P01AX10 WHO]</span>) QP51AX23 (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet">[https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP51AX23 WHO]</span>) &#x20;&#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;"> (2''E'',4''E'',6''E'',8''E'') -10-{[ (3''R'',4''S'',5''S'',6''R'') -5-methoxy- 4-[ (2''R'') -2-methyl-3- (3-methylbut-2-enyl) oxiran-2-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octan-6-yl]oxy}-10 -oxodeca-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23110-15-8 23110-15-8]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6917655 6917655]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02640 DB02640] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002733/http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02640 |date=2016-03-04 }}</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5292885.html 5292885]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/7OW73204U1 7OW73204U1]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEBI | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:48635 CHEBI:48635]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL32838 ChEMBL32838]</span><sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7040736 DTXSID7040736][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120199#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |<nowiki><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.041.288 100.041.288][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120199#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>26</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>34</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>7</sub> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |458,551 g·mol-1&nbsp;<sup>−1</sup> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC%28%3DCC%5BC%40%40H%5D1%5BC%40%40%5D%28O1%29%28C%29%5BC%40H%5D2%5BC%40%40H%5D%28%5BC%40%40H%5D%28CC%5BC%40%5D23CO3%29OC%28%3DO%29%2FC%3DC%2FC%3DC%2FC%3DC%2FC%3DC%2FC%28%3DO%29O%29OC%29C Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC (=CC[C@@H]1[C@] (O1) (C) [C@H]2[C@H]] (CC[C @H]23CO3) OC (=O) /C=C/C=C=C&C/C (=O) OC) </div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">I<sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup>=1S/C26H34O7/c1-18 (2) 13-14-20-25 (3,33-20) 24-23 (30-4) 19 (15-16-26 (24) 17-31-26) 32-22 (29) 12-10-8-6-5-7-9-11-21 (27) 28/h5-13,19-20,23-24H,14-17H2,1-4H3, (H,27,28) /b7-5+,8-6+,11-9+,12-10+/t19-,23-,24-,25+,26+/m1/s1 N</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: <sup>&nbsp;[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span></sup>-CSDLUJIJSA-N</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;<sup>[[Fayil:X_mark.svg|link=|alt=&#x2612;|8x8px]]<span style="display:none">N</span>[[File:Yes_check.svg|link=|alt=check|7x7px]]<span style="display:none">Y</span></sup>&nbsp; (mece wannan?) </span><templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css" /><span class="nobold">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=443641231&page2=Fumagillin (Gaskiya)]</span></span> |} '''Fumagillin''' wani abu ne mai rikitarwa kuma ana amfani dashi azaman wakili na antimicrobial. An ware shi a cikin 1949 daga kwayar cutar ''Aspergillus fumigatus'' . == Amfani da shi == === A cikin dabbobi === An yi amfani da shi da farko a kan kwayar cutar microsporidian ''Nosema apis'' a cikin ƙudan zuma. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Wasu binciken sun gano cewa yana da tasiri a kan wasu kwayoyin cuta na myxozoan, gami da ''Myxobolus cerebralis,'' wani muhimmin kwayar cuta na [[kifi]]; duk da haka, a cikin gwaje-gwaje masu tsauri da ake buƙata don amincewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, ba ta da tasiri. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Akwai rahotanni cewa fumagillin yana sarrafa ''Nosema ceranae'', <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Williams GR, Sampson MA, Shutler D, Rogers RE |date=November 2008 |title=Does fumagillin control the recently detected invasive parasite Nosema ceranae in western honey bees (Apis mellifera)? |journal=Journal of Invertebrate Pathology |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=342–344 |bibcode=2008JInvP..99..342W |doi=10.1016/j.jip.2008.04.005 |pmid=18550078}}</ref> wanda kwanan nan aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin yiwuwar haifar da rikicewar mulkin mallaka. Rahoton na baya-bayan nan, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa ba shi da tasiri a kan ''N. ceranae'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Huang WF, Solter LF, Yau PM, Imai BS |date=March 2013 |title=Nosema ceranae escapes fumagillin control in honey bees |journal=PLOS Pathogens |volume=9 |issue=3 |doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003185 |pmc=3591333 |pmid=23505365 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hakanan ana binciken Fumagillin a matsayin mai hana ci gaban kwayar cutar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]].<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Chen X, Xie S, Bhat S, Kumar N, Shapiro TA, Liu JO |date=February 2009 |title=Fumagillin and fumarranol interact with P. falciparum methionine aminopeptidase 2 and inhibit malaria parasite growth in vitro and in vivo |journal=Chemistry & Biology |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=193–202 |doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.01.006 |pmid=19246010 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Arico-Muendel C, Centrella PA, Contonio BD, Morgan BA, O'Donovan G, Paradise CL, Skinner SR, Sluboski B, Svendsen JL, White KF, Debnath A, Gut J, Wilson N, McKerrow JH, DeRisi JL, Rosenthal PJ, Chiang PK |date=September 2009 |title=Antiparasitic activities of novel, orally available fumagillin analogs |journal=Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters |volume=19 |issue=17 |pages=5128–5131 |doi=10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.029 |pmc=2745105 |pmid=19648008}}</ref> === A cikin mutane === An yi amfani da Fumagillin a cikin maganin microsporidiosis.<ref name="pmid18803616">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Lanternier F, Boutboul D, Menotti J, Chandesris MO, Sarfati C, Mamzer Bruneel MF, Calmus Y, Mechaï F, Viard JP, Lecuit M, Bougnoux ME, Lortholary O |date=February 2009 |title=Microsporidiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: two Enterocytozoon bieneusi cases and review |journal=Transplant Infectious Disease |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00347.x |pmid=18803616 |s2cid=205423324}}</ref><ref name="pmid12075057">{{Cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Molina JM, Tourneur M, Sarfati C, Chevret S, de Gouvello A, Gobert JG, Balkan S, Derouin F |date=June 2002 |title=Fumagillin treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=346 |issue=25 |pages=1963–1969 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa012924 |pmid=12075057 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau, maganin Amébicide ne.<ref name="pmid17678422">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Lefkove B, Govindarajan B, Arbiser JL |date=August 2007 |title=Fumagillin: an anti-infective as a parent molecule for novel angiogenesis inhibitors |journal=Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=573–579 |doi=10.1586/14787210.5.4.573 |pmid=17678422 |s2cid=41794515}}</ref> Fumagillin na iya toshe tsarin jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar ɗaurewa zuwa enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 2 <ref> {{Cite journal |vauthors=Gilbert MA, Granath WO |date=August 2003 |title=Whirling disease of salmonid fish: life cycle, biology, and disease |journal=The Journal of Parasitology |volume=89 |issue=4 |pages=658–667 |doi=10.1645/GE-82R |pmid=14533670 |s2cid=8950955}}</ref> kuma saboda wannan dalili, ana bincika fili, tare da abubuwan da aka samo daga semisynthetic, a matsayin Mai hana angiogenesis <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ingber D, Fujita T, Kishimoto S, Sudo K, Kanamaru T, Brem H, Folkman J |date=December 1990 |title=Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumour growth |journal=Nature |volume=348 |issue=6301 |pages=555–557 |bibcode=1990Natur.348..555I |doi=10.1038/348555a0 |pmid=1701033 |s2cid=1020594}}</ref> a cikin maganin ciwon daji. Kamfanin Zafgen ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti ta amfani da fumagillin analog beloranib don asarar nauyi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2011 |title=Zafgen Announces Positive Topline Phase 1b Data for ZGN-433 in Obesity |url=https://www.drugs.com/clinical_trials/zafgen-announces-positive-topline-phase-1b-data-zgn-433-obesity-10955.html |website=MedNews |publisher=Drugs.com}}</ref> amma ba su yi nasara ba. Fumagillin yana da guba ga erythrocytes ''in vitro'' a mafi girma fiye da 10 μM.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zbidah M, Lupescu A, Jilani K, Lang F |date=May 2013 |title=Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by fumagillin |journal=Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology |volume=112 |issue=5 |pages=346–351 |doi=10.1111/bcpt.12033 |pmid=23121865 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp; == Cikakken haɗin kai == Fumagillin da kuma mai alaƙa da '''fumagillol''' (samfurin hydrolysis) sun kasance manufa a cikin jimlar kira, tare da da wasu da aka ruwaito dabaru masu nasara, racemic, asymmetric, da kuma tsari.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Corey EJ, Snider BB |date=April 1972 |title=A total synthesis of (+-)-fumagillin |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=94 |issue=7 |pages=2549–2550 |bibcode=1972JAChS..94.2549C |doi=10.1021/ja00762a080 |pmid=5016935}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Kim D, Ahn SK, Bae H, Choi WJ, Kim HS |year=1997 |title=An asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-fumagillol |journal=Tetrahedron Letters |volume=38 |issue=25 |pages=4437–4440 |doi=10.1016/S0040-4039(97)00925-8}}</ref><ref name="pmid29711854">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Vosburg DA, Weiler S, Sorensen EJ |date=April 1999 |title=A Concise Synthesis of Fumagillol |journal=Angewandte Chemie |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=971–974 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990401)38:7<971::AID-ANIE971>3.0.CO;2-W |pmid=29711854}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hutchings M, Moffat D, Simpkins NS |year=2001 |title=A Concise Synthesis of Fumagillol |journal=Synlett |volume=2001 |issue=5 |pages=0661–0663 |doi=10.1055/s-2001-13359 |s2cid=196782462}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Taber DF, Christos TE, Rheingold AL, Guzei IA |year=1999 |title=Synthesis of (−)-Fumagillin |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=121 |issue=23 |page=5589 |bibcode=1999JAChS.121.5589T |doi=10.1021/ja990784k |s2cid=95897985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Boiteau JG, Van de Weghe P, Eustache J |date=August 2001 |title=A new, ring closing metathesis-based synthesis of (-)-fumagillol |journal=Organic Letters |volume=3 |issue=17 |pages=2737–2740 |doi=10.1021/ol016343z |pmid=11506622}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bedel O, Haudrechy A, Langlois Y |year=2004 |title=A Stereoselective Formal Synthesis of (−)-Fumagillol |journal=European Journal of Organic Chemistry |volume=2004 |issue=18 |page=3813 |doi=10.1002/ejoc.200400262}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yamaguchi J, Toyoshima M, Shoji M, Kakeya H, Osada H, Hayashi Y |date=January 2006 |title=Concise enantio- and diastereoselective total syntheses of fumagillol, RK-805, FR65814, ovalicin, and 5-demethylovalicin |journal=Angewandte Chemie |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=789–793 |doi=10.1002/anie.200502826 |pmid=16365904}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yamaguchi J, Hayashi Y |date=April 2010 |title=Syntheses of fumagillin and ovalicin |journal=Chemistry: A European Journal |volume=16 |issue=13 |pages=3884–3901 |doi=10.1002/chem.200902433 |pmid=20209516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] knfg8jp6lwy8t09x4q2d75higs613nb Haloxon 0 158459 891575 860408 2026-08-05T06:11:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|drug_name=|INN=|type=<!-- empty -->|IUPAC_name=Bis(2-chloroethyl) (3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl) phosphate|image=Haloxon.svg|image_class=skin-invert-image|alt=|caption=<!-- Clinical data -->|pronounce=|tradename=Halox|Drugs.com=|MedlinePlus=|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A/B1/B2/B3/C/D/X -->|pregnancy_AU_comment=|pregnancy_US=<!-- A/B/C/D/X/N -->|pregnancy_category=|routes_of_administration=|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->|legal_AU_comment=|legal_BR=<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F-->|legal_BR_comment=|legal_CA=<!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III -->|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->|legal_US=<!-- OTC/Rx-only/Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV-->|legal_status=<!-- Free text --> <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=|protein_bound=|metabolism=|metabolites=|onset=|elimination_half-life=|duration_of_action=|excretion=<!-- Identifiers -->|CAS_number=321-55-1|class=|ATCvet=yes|ATC_prefix=P52|ATC_suffix=AB04|PubChem=9454|UNII=T8KXA37068|DrugBank=DB11419|ChEMBL=1897362|ChemSpiderID=9082 <!-- Chemical and physical data -->|C=14|H=14|Cl=3|O=6|P=1|StdInChIKey=KULDXINYXFTXMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N|StdInChI=1S/C14H14Cl3O6P/c1-9-11-3-2-10(8-12(11)22-14(18)13(9)17)23-24(19,20-6-4-15)21-7-5-16/h2-3,8H,4-7H2,1H3|smiles=CC1=C(Cl)C(=O)Oc2cc(OP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl)ccc12}}<templatestyles src="Infobox drug/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Haloxon</nowiki&gt;">Haloxon</span> | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Haloxon.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Sunayen kasuwanci]] | class="infobox-data" |Halox |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System#ATCvet|Lambobin ATCvet]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * QP52AB04 (<span title="www.whocc.no/atcvet">[https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QP52AB04 WHO]</span>) &#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sunan IUPAC</div></div> * <div style="font-size: 97%;">Bis (2-chloroethyl) (3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl) phosphate</div> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar CAS | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="commonchemistry.cas.org">[https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=321-55-1 321-55-1]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[./PubChem#&#x3C;span&#x20;style= <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;Compound ID</nowiki&gt;">CID</abbr>" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="PubChem">PubChem] CID | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9454 9454]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11419 DB11419] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720103059/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB11419 |date=2019-07-20 }}</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.chemspider.com">[https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.9082.html 9082]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/T8KXA37068 T8KXA37068]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1897362 ChEMBL1897362]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |CompTox Dashboard <span style="font-weight:normal"> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</nowiki&gt;">EPA</abbr>) </span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="comptox.epa.gov">[https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5046221 DTXSID5046221][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27289815#P3117|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |<nowiki><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |[https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.719 100.005.719][[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27289815#P2566|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan sunadarai da na jiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>14</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>14</sub><span title="Chlorine">Cl</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>6</sub><span title="Phosphorus">P</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Ma'auni na ƙuƙwalwa | class="infobox-data" |<span class="nowrap">415.58</span> g·mol-1&nbsp;<sup>−1</sup> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Tsarin 3D (JSmol) | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)">[https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CC1%3DC%28Cl%29C%28%3DO%29Oc2cc%28OP%28%3DO%29%28OCCCl%29OCCCl%29ccc12 Hoton hulɗa]</span> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Rashin kunya</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CC1=C (Cl) C (=O) Oc2cc (OP (=O) (OCCCl) OCCCl) ccc12</div> </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>InChI</div></div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C14H14Cl3O6P/c1-9-11-3-2-10 (8-12 (11) 22-14 (18) 13 (9) 17) 23-24 (19,20-6-4-15) 21-7-5-16/h2-3,8H,4-7H2,1H3</div> * <div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Maɓalli: KULDXINYXFTXMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div> </div> |} '''Haloxon''' wakili ne na anthelminthic da ake amfani da shi a cikin maganin dabbobi don magance kamuwa da cuta a cikin shanu.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Bosman CH |date=1965 |title=Anthelmintic tests with Haloxon in cattle |journal=Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=251–257}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 3r7uzu0chhw4i55q64pdo3kxf59nenn Hepatitis B rigakafin globulin 0 159567 891648 865730 2026-08-05T10:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug|image=|width=|alt=|caption=A vial of hepatitis B immune globulin <!-- Clinical data -->|pronounce=|tradename=HepaGam B, Nabi-HB, Zutectra, others|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|monograph|hepatitis_b_immune_globulin}}|MedlinePlus=|DailyMedID=<!-- DailyMed may use generic or brand name (generic name preferred) -->|pregnancy_AU=|pregnancy_AU_comment=Exempt<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{cite web | title=Hepatitis b immune globulin Use During Pregnancy | website=Drugs.com | date=3 August 2020 | url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/hepatitis-b-immune-globulin.html | access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref>|pregnancy_category=|routes_of_administration=[[Intramuscular injection]], [[intravenous]]|class=|ATC_prefix=J06|ATC_suffix=BB04|ATC_supplemental=<!-- Legal status -->|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled -->|legal_AU_comment=|legal_BR=<!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C5, D1, D2, E, F1, F2, F3, F4 -->|legal_BR_comment=|legal_CA=<!-- OTC, Rx-only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_CA_comment=|legal_DE=<!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled -->|legal_DE_comment=|legal_NZ=<!-- Class A, B, C -->|legal_NZ_comment=|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C -->|legal_UK_comment=|legal_US=Rx-only|legal_US_comment=<ref name="HepaGam B FDA label" /><ref name="HyperHEP B FDA label" /><ref name="Nabi-HB FDA label" />|legal_EU=Rx-only|legal_EU_comment=<ref name="Zutectra EPAR" />|legal_UN=<!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV -->|legal_UN_comment=|legal_status=<!-- For countries not listed above --> <!-- Identifiers -->|CAS_number=|PubChem=|IUPHAR_ligand=|DrugBank=DB05276|ChemSpiderID=none|UNII=XII270YC6M|KEGG=|ChEBI=|ChEMBL=2108512|NIAID_ChemDB=|PDB_ligand=|synonyms=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="7" |<span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): <nowiki&gt;Hepatitis B immune globulin</nowiki&gt;">Hepatitis B immune globulin</span> ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayanan asibiti |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Sunayen kasuwanci]] | class="infobox-data" |HepaGam B, Nabi-HB, Zutectra, da sauransu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]] | class="infobox-data" |<span title="www.drugs.com">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/hepatitis_b_immune_globulin.html Littafin da aka rubuta]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |[[Pregnancy category|Matsayi na ciki<br />]] | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;Australia</nowiki&gt;">AU</abbr>:</small> An cire shi &#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Hanyoyin gudanarwa<nowiki><br></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |Injin intramuscular, intravenous |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Lambar ATC | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * J06BB04 (<span title="www.whocc.no">[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=J06BB04 WHO]</span>) &#x20;&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Matsayi na Shari'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Matsayi na Shari'a | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;United States</nowiki&gt;">US</abbr>:</small>&#x20;Sai dai<ref name="HepaGam B FDA label">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2020 |title=HepaGam B- human hepatitis b virus immune globulin injection |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b8a28ab4-6b20-47ab-8513-012d47db82f1 |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=DailyMed |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref><ref name="HyperHEP B FDA label">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2020 |title=HyperHEP B S/D (hepatitis b immune globulin- human injection |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=cda35690-672f-46cd-8520-e37f4d66a8d7 |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=DailyMed |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref><ref name="Nabi-HB FDA label">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2019 |title=Nabi-HB (hepatitis b immune globulin- human liquid |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=47fe1a99-5078-4b89-84fa-9e8387baec5c |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=DailyMed |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> * <small><abbr class="country-name" title="<nowiki&gt;European Union</nowiki&gt;">EU</abbr>:</small> Rx-kawai <ref name="Zutectra EPAR">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2018 |title=Zutectra EPAR |url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/zutectra |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA)}}</ref>&#x20; </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;color:inherit;" |Bayyanawa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |Bankin Magunguna | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.drugbank.ca">[https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB05276 DB05276] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812093417/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB05276 |date=2020-08-12 }}</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChemSpider | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * babu </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |UNII | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="precision.fda.gov">[https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/XII270YC6M XII270YC6M]</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.2em;" |ChEMBL | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * <span title="www.ebi.ac.uk">[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL2108512 ChEMBL2108512]</span> </div> |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''[[Hepatitis B]] immunoglobulin (HBIG) ''' wani immunoglobulin ne na mutum wanda ake amfani dashi don hana ci gaban hepatitis B <ref name="Zuckerman_2007">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zuckerman JN |date=July 2007 |title=Review: hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of hepatitis B infection |journal=Journal of Medical Virology |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=919–921 |doi=10.1002/jmv.20816 |pmid=17516515 |s2cid=41095427}}</ref> kuma ana amfani dashi don maganin gagarumin bayyanar HBsAg. <ref name="HepaGam B FDA label IV">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2019 |title=HepaGam B (hepatitis b immune globulin intravenous- human injection |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2ba8df27-4f35-41f6-8148-0c213c18df4e |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=DailyMed |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> <ref name="HepaGam B FDA label"/><ref name="Nabi-HB FDA label"/> == Amfani da kiwon lafiya == An nuna HBIG a matsayin rigakafin bayan bayyanar cututtuka ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar hepatitis B saboda kwanan nan an fallasa su ga Ruwan jiki na mutanen da ke da cutar hepatitis C. Wannan ya haɗa da jarirai na uwaye da ke da hepatitis B, abokan jima'i, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, 'yan sanda da ma'aikatan kashe gobara, da masu kashe gobara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Intramuscular Route, Intravenous Route) |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/drug-information/DR600747 |access-date=3 June 2009 |website=Mayo Clinic}}</ref> Ana ba da HBIG ta hanyar intramuscular (IM) ko intravenous (IV), dangane da shiri-shiryen. Sakamakon sakamako sun haɗa da halayen rashin lafiyan, ciwon baya, jin dadi, ciwon kai, ciwon tsoka, ƙishirwa, da ciwo ko zubar da jini a wurin allurar. Rashin jituwa da immunoglobulin na mutum yana hanawa. HBIG ba ta taɓa yaduwar cutar kanjamau ba.<ref name="blue">{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) |url=https://www.blueshieldca.com/hw/articles/hw_article.jsp?articleId=HWHW40221&fromCategoryId=9&_requestid=814778 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721041831/https://www.blueshieldca.com/hw/articles/hw_article.jsp?articleId=HWHW40221&fromCategoryId=9&_requestid=814778 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |access-date=3 June 2009 |website=BlueShield information}}</ref> Kamar yadda yake tare da duk samfuran da aka samo daga jini, yaduwar prions yana yiwuwa a matsayin haɗari.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Aguzzi A, Glatzel M |date=June 2006 |title=Prion infections, blood and transfusions |journal=Nature Clinical Practice. Neurology |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=321–329 |doi=10.1038/ncpneuro0214 |pmid=16932576 |s2cid=25966682}}</ref> === Allurar rigakafi tare === A maimakon ingantaccen gudanarwa na HBIG, an fara allurar rigakafin hepatitis B a lokacin da aka fara gudanar da HBIG ta farko, don haka samar da kariya ta dogon lokaci.<ref name="pmid6811846">{{Cite journal |vauthors=((Centers for Disease Control (CDC))) |date=June 1982 |title=Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Inactivated hepatitis B virus vaccine |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022736.htm |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=24 |pages=317–22, 327–8 |doi= |pmid=6811846}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == An shirya HBIG daga Plasma na masu ba da gudummawa waɗanda ke da matakan rigakafi masu yawa na antigen na hepatitis B. An cire shi daga ɓangaren Cohn na II. A lokacin tsari, ana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma a cikin matakai na ƙarshe, ana cire masu narkewa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin shiri. Ana gwada shirye-shiryen don rashin HIV, HCV, Kwayar cutar herpes, da reovirus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2004 |title=Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) Product description with dose schedule |url=http://www.talecris-pi.info/inserts/BayHepB.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184159/http://www.talecris-pi.info/inserts/BayHepB.pdf |archive-date=11 May 2008 |access-date=3 June 2009 |website=Bayer Corporation}}</ref> == Sunayen alama == * Bayhep B * HepaGam B (kasuwar Amurka; shirye-shiryen intravenous) <ref name="HepaGam B FDA label"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=HepaGam B |url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/hepagam-b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930052023/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/hepagam-b |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> * HyperHEP B (kasuwar Amurka; shiri na intramuscular) <ref name="HyperHEP B FDA label"/> * Nabi-HB <ref name="Nabi-HB FDA label"/><ref name="Nabi-HB FDA">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=Nabi-HB |url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/nabi-hb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930051922/https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/nabi-hb |archive-date=30 September 2019 |access-date=14 July 2020 |website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA)}}</ref> * Nabi-HB NovaPlus * Zutectra (EU) <ref name="Zutectra EPAR"/> == Dubi kuma == * [[Raunin da aka samu a cikin allura]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g0ctk16rruzp55sm8e1veti4ve0we14 Gurbacewar ruwa mai dadi da acid 0 159584 891565 865982 2026-08-05T04:17:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Origins of acid rain.svg|thumb|Zane da ke nuna tushe da hanyoyin zirga-zirgar ruwan sama mai guba.|297x297px]] '''Gurbacewar ruwa mai dadi da acid''' (Freshwater acidification) na faruwa ne lokacin da sinadarai masu acid suka shiga cikin gurbin ruwa mai daɗi ta hanyar dusa-dusar duwatsu, shigar iskar gas mai guba (misali carbon dioxide), ko ta hanyar raguwar acid anions, kamar sulfate da nitrate a cikin tabki, kandami, ko tafki.<ref name="Psenner-1994">{{Cite journal|last=Psenner|first=Roland|date=March 1994|title=Environmental impacts on freshwaters: acidification as a global problem|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=143|issue=1|pages=53–61|bibcode=1994ScTEn.143...53P|doi=10.1016/0048-9697(94)90532-0|issn=0048-9697}}</ref> Gurbacewar ruwa mai daɗi da acid ya fi faruwa ne saboda sinadaran sulfur oxides (SOx) da nitrogen oxides (NOx) da ke shiga cikin ruwa daga dusa-dusar sararin samaniya da kuma malalar ƙasa.<ref name="Psenner-1994" /> Carbonic acid da narkar da carbon dioxide su ma suna iya shiga cikin ruwan sha mai daɗi, ta hanyar da ke da alaƙa da guduwar ruwa ta cikin ƙasashe masu arzikin carbon dioxide.<ref name="Psenner-1994" /> Guduwar ruwan da ke ɗauke da waɗannan mahaɗan na iya haɗawa da sinadarin hydrogen ions da aluminum na asali, waɗanda ke iya zama guba ga halittun ruwa.<ref name="Psenner-1994" /> Ruwan sama mai guba (Acid rain) shi ma yana taimakawa wajen gurbata ruwa mai daɗi da acid.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Irwin|first1=J.G.|last2=Williams|first2=M.L.|author2-link=Martin Williams (environmental scientist)|date=1988|title=Acid rain: Chemistry and transport|journal=Environmental Pollution|volume=50|issue=1–2|pages=29–59|doi=10.1016/0269-7491(88)90184-4|issn=0269-7491|pmid=15092652}}</ref> Wani shahararren lamari na gurbacewar ruwa da acid da aka yi bincike akai a Tabkunan Adirondack da ke New York, ya bayyana a shekarun 1970, sakamakon ruwan sama mai guba da ya fito daga masana'antun da ke fitar da sulfur dioxide (SO2) da nitrogen oxide (NOx).<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Driscoll |first=C. T |last2=Postek |first2=K. M |last3=Mateti |first3=D |last4=Sequeira |first4=K |last5=Aber |first5=J. D |last6=Kretser |first6=W. J |last7=Mitchell |first7=M. J |last8=Raynal |first8=D. J |date=1998-08-01 |title=The response of lake water in the Adirondack region of New York to changes in acidic deposition |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1462901198000288 |journal=Environmental Science & Policy |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=185–198 |doi=10.1016/S1462-9011(98)00028-8 |issn=1462-9011 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Dalilai == === Na dabi'a === CO2 daga sararin samaniya ko kuma rubewar abubuwan halitta yana shafar gurbacewar ruwa mai daɗi da acid.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ocean acidification |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-959108-4 |editor=Jean-Pierre Gattuso |oclc=975179973 |editor2=Lina Hansson}}</ref> Shi dai CO2 yana narkewa ne a cikin ruwa don samar da carbonic acid. Wannan carbonic acid yana rabuwa zuwa hydrogen ions ($H^+$) da bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$), wanda ke ƙara yawan ions na $H^+$ kuma yana haifar da raguwa a matakin pH.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wurts |first=William A. |last2=Durborow |first2=Robert M. |title=Interactions of pH, Carbon Dioxide, Alkalinity and Hardness in Fish Ponds |url=https://lee-phillips.org/Backyard/cache/464fs.pdf |journal=SRAC Publication |publication-date=1992 |issue=464 |pages=1–4}}</ref> CO2 + H2O → H2CO3; H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3- Ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta (microbial activity) suna rura wutar rubewar abubuwan halitta wanda ke sakin acid na asali kamar humic da fulvic acids. Waɗannan acid ɗin suna taruwa a cikin gurbin ruwa, musamman waɗanda ke kewaye da dazuzzuka da wuraren dausayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berner |first1=Robert A. |last2=Lasaga |first2=Antonio C. |date=1989 |title=Modeling the Geochemical Carbon Cycle |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24987179 |journal=Scientific American |volume=260 |issue=3 |pages=74–81 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0389-74 |jstor=24987179 |issn=0036-8733|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wuraren fadamomi da dausayi galibi suna samar da ruwa mai acid saboda tsananin matakan rubewar abubuwan halitta.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Nordstrom |first=D. K. |date=2011 |title=Mine waters: Acidic to circumneutral |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/elements/article/7/6/393/137913/Mine-Waters-Acidic-to-Circmneutral |journal=Elements |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=393–398 |doi=10.2113/gselements.7.6.393|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wannan yana haifar da yanayi na acid na ɗabi'a, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yankunan boreal da subarctic. Ayyukan aman wuta (volcanic activity) na iya sakin sulfur dioxide (SO2) da sauran iskar gas mai acid zuwa sararin samaniya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=D. W. |date=1988-01-08 |title=Effects of Acid Rain on Freshwater Ecosystems |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.239.4836.149 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=239 |issue=4836 |pages=149–157 |doi=10.1126/science.239.4836.149 |pmid=17732976 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A cikin iska, sulfur dioxide yana juyewa zuwa sulfuric acid:<ref name="Henriksen-1992">{{Cite journal |last1=Henriksen |first1=Arne |last2=Kämäri |first2=Juha |last3=Posch |first3=Maximilian |last4=Wilander |first4=Anders |date=1992 |title=Critical Loads of Acidity: Nordic Surface Waters |journal=Ambio |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=356–363 |issn=0044-7447 |jstor=4313961}}</ref> Wannan sulfuric acid yana rabuwa zuwa sulfate ions ($SO_4^{2-}$) da hydrogen ions ($H^+$), wanda ke ƙara yanayin acid ɗin. SO2 + {{frac|1|2}} O2 + H2O → H2SO4; H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42- === Na Dan Adam === [[File:Rio tinto river CarolStoker NASA Ames Research Center.jpg|thumb|Kogin Rio Tinto a ƙasar Sipaniya yana nuna malalar ruwa mai acid na dabi'a da kuma na wucin gadi (hakar ma'adinai)]] Ayyukan ɗan adam na iya haɓaka gurbacewar ruwa mai daɗi da acid sosai. Baya ga carbon dioxide, ƙone-ƙonen man tuka-tuka (fossil fuels) na fitar da sulfur dioxide (SO2) da nitrogen oxides (NOx). Waɗannan iskar gas suna raddowa da ruwa da iska don samar da sulfuric acid (H2SO4) da nitric acid (HNO3).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Likens |first1=Gene E. |last2=Bormann |first2=F. Herbert |date=1974-06-14 |title=Acid Rain: A Serious Regional Environmental Problem |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.184.4142.1176 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=184 |issue=4142 |pages=1176–1179 |doi=10.1126/science.184.4142.1176 |pmid=17756304 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="Cardoso-2009">{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Inland Waters |publisher=Elsevier |last1=Cardoso |first1=A.C. |date=2009 |pages=310–331 |doi=10.1016/b978-012370626-3.00244-1 |isbn=978-0-12-370626-3 |last2=Free |first2=G. |last3=Nõges |first3=P. |last4=Kaste |first4=Ø. |last5=Poikane |first5=S. |last6=Solheim |first6=A. Lyche |chapter=Lake Management, Criteria}}</ref> Kamar yadda yake ga sulfuric acid, nitric acid shi ma yana rage matakin pH ta hanyar rabuwa zuwa hydrogen ions ($H^+$) da nitrate ions ($NO_3^-$). NOx + H2O + {{frac|1|2}} O2 → HNO3; HNO3 → H+ + NO3- Wannan tsari yana da lahani sosai a yankunan da ƙarfin kariya na dabi'a na ruwan yake da ƙaranci, domin waɗannan halittun ba su da ikon daidaita acid ɗin da aka ƙara musu. Hakar ma'adinai na iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga gurbacewar ruwa da acid ta hanyar malalar ruwan acid daga ma'adinai (acid mine drainage). Lokacin da ma'adanai na sulfide kamar pyrite (FeS2) suka haɗu da iska da ruwa yayin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, suna yin oxidise don samar da sulfuric acid.<ref name="Nordstrom 393–398">{{Cite journal |last=Nordstrom |first=D. K. |date=2011-12-01 |title=Mine Waters: Acidic to Circmneutral |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/elements/article/7/6/393-398/137913 |journal=Elements |language=en |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=393–398 |doi=10.2113/gselements.7.6.393 |issn=1811-5209|url-access=subscription }}</ref> == Karfin Kariya (Buffering Capacity) == [[File:Atlantic Canada - Natural Earth.jpg|thumb|Taswirar da ke nuna gabashin Kanada (Atlantic Canada).]] Ƙarfin kariya (buffering capacity) na tsarin halittu yana taimaka musu jure canje-canje a matakin pH. Kasancewar ions na bicarbonate ($HCO_3^-$) da carbonate ($CO_3^{2-}$) a cikin tsarin ruwa mai daɗi na iya daidaita hydrogen ions ($H^+$) da ke shigowa. HCO3- + H+ → CO2 + H2O Koyaya, yankuna masu ƙarancin alkalinity (misali, waɗanda ke da tushen duwatsun silicate) ba su da ikon kariya na dabi'a don daidaita ions da ke shigowa, wanda ke haifar da saurin faɗuwar pH.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=D. W. |date=1988-01-08 |title=Effects of Acid Rain on Freshwater Ecosystems |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.239.4836.149 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=239 |issue=4836 |pages=149–157 |doi=10.1126/science.239.4836.149 |issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Misali, yankin Atlantic na Kanada yana da mafi ƙanƙancin matakan ajiye acid a Gabashin Arewacin Amurka, duk da haka yana da mafi kyawun ruwa mai acid a nahiyar saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin kariya na tushen duwatsun yankin da kuma ƙarin acid na dabi'a na asali da wuraren dausayi na kusa ke samarwa. A mafi yawan yankunansu na Atlantic, ana samun duwatsun granite da shale, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙarancin kayan kariya. Saboda haka, ƙasar da aka kafa daga kayan da ba su da kariya sosai da kuma ruwan da ke malala daga gare su, suna da saurin kamuwa da gurbacewar acid, koda a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin ajiye acid.<ref name="Clair-2007">{{Cite journal|last1=Clair|first1=Thomas A.|last2=Dennis|first2=Ian F.|last3=Scruton|first3=David A.|last4=Gilliss|first4=Mallory|date=December 2007|title=Freshwater acidification research in Atlantic Canada: a review of results and predictions for the future|journal=Environmental Reviews|volume=15|issue=NA|pages=153–167|doi=10.1139/a07-004|issn=1181-8700}}</ref> == Tasiri ga tsarin halittu == :[[File:Nationaal Park Drents-Friese Wold. Locatie Fochteloërveen. Waterveenmos (Sphagnum cuspidatum), Veenpluis (Eriorum angustifolium) 03.JPG|thumb|Wannan kandami yana nuna yawan ganyen Sphagnum]] Gurbacewar ruwa mai daɗi da acid na iya rage rarrabuwar halittu na asali (biodiversity) kuma yana iya canza tsari da aikin halittu gaba ɗaya.<ref name="Henriksen-1992" /> Halittun macro-invertebrates da manyan halittun vertebrate suna nuna mace-mace mai yawa da ƙarancin haifuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai acid. Sabanin haka, wasu algae, da wasu rukunin gansakuka kamar Sphagnum, suna haɓaka a yanayi mai acid, kuma suna iya mamaye waɗannan wuraren da sauri, suna korar sauran halittu. Musamman ma, ya zama ruwan dare a ga karuwar yawan sphagnum. Sphagnum yana da babban ƙarfin musanya $H^+$ don samun cations na asali a cikin ruwa mai daɗi. Kauri na sphagnum yana taƙaita musayar da ke tsakanin ruwan sama da laka, wanda ke ƙara ba da gudummawa ga raguwar zagayowar abubuwan gina jiki a cikin tsarin halittu.<ref name="Henriksen-1992" /> Ana iya amfani da sa ido kan halittun ruwa (aquatic biomonitoring) don bincika lafiyar tsarin halittun ruwa. Ƙasar da ta fuskanci gurbacewar acid na iya yin tasiri mara kyau ga aikin gona.<ref name="Chen-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Changan |last2=Lin |first2=Juntong |last3=Liu |first3=Yuhang |last4=Ren |first4=Xiangru |date=2022 |title=Effects of freshwater acidification and countermeasures |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |volume=1011 |issue=1 |article-number=012035 |bibcode=2022E&ES.1011a2035C |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012035 |s2cid=248122033 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu halittun suna iya jure ƙananan matakan pH a cikin muhallinsu. Misali, kwadi da kifi nau'in perch suna iya jure matakin pH na 4.<ref name="Landuse.alberta.ca">{{cite web |title=Effects of Acid Rain - Surface Waters and Aquatic Animals |url=https://landuse.alberta.ca/Forms%20and%20Applications/RFR_ACFN%20Reply%20to%20Crown%20Submission%205%20-%20TabD9%20AcidRain_2014-08_PUBLIC.pdf |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Landuse.alberta.ca}}</ref> Wannan yana ba wa waɗannan halittun damar kasancewa marasa tasiri ta hanyar taruwar acid a cikin muhallinsu na ruwa, wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa a waɗannan yanayi.<ref name="Landuse.alberta.ca" /> Koyaya, yawancin halittun ruwa, kamar katantanwa da dodo na ruwa, ba su da ikon jure ƙananan matakan pH wanda ke yin tasiri mara kyau ga girmansu da rayuwarsu. Babban matakan acid ɗin yana lalata kwasfansu masu kauri, wanda ke rage kariyarsu daga mafarauta.<ref name="Landuse.alberta.ca" /> == Rage gurbacewar acid == Malalar ruwa daga gonaki babban tushe ne na nitrogen da phosphorus, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga gurbacewar ruwa da acid. Aiwatar da mafi kyawun ayyukan gudanarwa (BMPs) a fannin aikin gona, kamar rage amfani da takin zamani na sinadarai, inganta gudanarwar taki na dabba, da ɗaukar dabarun aikin gona na daidaito (precision agriculture), na iya rage malalar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa cikin gurbin ruwa sosai.<ref name=jac>{{Cite journal |last1=Camargo |first1=Julio A. |last2=Alonso |first2=Álvaro |date=August 2006 |title=Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160412006000602 |journal=Environment International |language=en |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=831–849 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.002|pmid=16781774 |hdl=10261/294824 |url-access=subscription |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Kafa yankunan kariya na bishiyoyi a gefen ruwa (riparian buffer zones)—wato layukan bishiyoyi da ake dasawa a gefen gurbin ruwa—na iya taimakawa wajen tace abubuwan gurbatawa daga gonaki kafin su kai ga tsarin ruwa mai daɗi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Mayer |first1=Paul M. |last2=Jr. Reynolds |first2=Steven K. |last3=Canfield |first3=Timothy J. |last4=McCutchen |first4=Marshall D. |date=2005 |title=Riparian Buffer Width, Vegetative Cover, and Nitrogen Removal Effectiveness: A Review of Current Science and Regulations |url=https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-02/documents/riparian-buffer-width-2005.pdf |journal=Journal of the American Water Resources Association |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=311–324}}</ref> Waɗannan matakan ba wai kawai suna rage gurbacewar acid ba har ma suna rage matsalar eutrophication da inganta ingancin ruwa gaba ɗaya. Wuraren dausayi da fadamomi suna aiki azaman kariya ga tsarin ruwa mai daɗi ta hanyar shakar abubuwan gurbatawa da daidaita guduwar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorham |first=Eville |date=May 1991 |title=Northern Peatlands: Role in the Carbon Cycle and Probable Responses to Climatic Warming |url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/1941811 |journal=Ecological Applications |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=182–195 |doi=10.2307/1941811 |jstor=1941811 |pmid=27755660 |issn=1051-0761}}</ref> Ayyukan dawo da wuraren dausayi sun nuna cewa suna ƙara juriya na tsarin ruwa mai daɗi ga gurbacewar acid da sauran matsalolin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Mitsch |first1=William J. |title=Wetlands |last2=Gosselink |first2=James G. |date=2015 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons, Inc |isbn=978-1-118-67682-0 |edition=Fifth |location=Hoboken, NJ}}</ref> Sanya alli (Liming) shine ɗayan mafi yawan al'ada kuma mafi kyawun ayyuka don magance gurbacewar acid. A cikin wannan tsari, ana ƙara calcium carbonate (CaCO3) a cikin tsarin don haɓaka matakan pH.<ref name="Mant-2013">{{Cite journal |last1=Mant |first1=Rebecca C. |last2=Jones |first2=David L. |last3=Reynolds |first3=Brian |last4=Ormerod |first4=Steve J. |last5=Pullin |first5=Andrew S. |date=2013-08-01 |title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of liming to mitigate impacts of river acidification on fish and macro-invertebrates |journal=Environmental Pollution |language=en |volume=179 |pages=285–293 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.019 |pmid=23707951 |issn=0269-7491|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013EPoll.179..285M }}</ref> Ta hanyar haɓaka matakan pH, sanya alli yana taimaka wa mazaunin halittun (habitat) komawa ga yanayi mai kama da yadda yake kafin gurbacewar acid. Ana amfani da wasu dabarun don rage gudummawar da hakar ma'adinai ke bayarwa ga gurbacewar acid, kamar jiyya ta hanyar tsarin halittu na dabi'a da kuma jiyyar malalar ruwa da abubuwa masu alkaline.<ref name="Nordstrom 393–398"/> Wani muhimmin abu da ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi lokacin duba rage gurbacewar ruwa mai daɗi da acid shine zaɓin da mutane ke yi don kare muhalli a kullum. Bin tsarin tattalin arziki na dundundun don ragewa, sake amfani da shi da kuma sake sarrafa kayayyaki na iya rage raguwar albarkatu da rage sharar gida, gami da rage gurbacewar ruwa da acid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morseletto |first=Piero |date=2020-02-01 |title=Targets for a circular economy |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921344919304598 |journal=Resources, Conservation and Recycling |volume=153 |article-number=104553 |doi=10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104553 |issn=0921-3449|hdl=1871.1/c4c1f149-0a90-46fb-9105-cbf7157cf3f8 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> == Dokoki == Tsara dokoki kan hayakin da ɗan adam ke fitarwa, musamman SOx da NOx, na iya haifar da babban raguwa na ruwan sama mai guba da gurbin ruwa mai acid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Menz |first1=Fredric C. |last2=Seip |first2=Hans M. |date=2004-08-01 |title=Acid rain in Europe and the United States: an update |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901104000590 |journal=Environmental Science & Policy |language=en |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=253–265 |doi=10.1016/j.envsci.2004.05.005 |bibcode=2004ESPol...7..253M |issn=1462-9011|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Misali, Yarjejeniyar Ingancin Iska ta Kanada da Amurka ta rage matakan ruwan sama mai guba da ozone sosai da kashi 78% a Kanada da kashi 92% a Amurka, ya zuwa shekarar 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Environment and Climate Change |date=2005-01-25 |title=Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement: overview |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/air-pollution/issues/transboundary/canada-united-states-air-quality-agreement-overview.html |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, sanya hannun jarin kuɗi ga masana kimiyya don sa ido da tattara bayanai yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar tsari da ake amfani da shi don kafa manufofi masu nasara.<ref name="Grennfelt-2020" /> Misali, ana iya aiwatar da wata yarjejeniya (protocol) don rage matsalar.<ref name="Grennfelt-2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Grennfelt |first1=Peringe |last2=Engleryd |first2=Anna |last3=Forsius |first3=Martin |last4=Hov |first4=Øystein |last5=Rodhe |first5=Henning |last6=Cowling |first6=Ellis |date=2020-04-01 |title=Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy |journal=Ambio |language=en |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=849–864 |doi=10.1007/s13280-019-01244-4 |pmid=31542884 |pmc=7028813 |bibcode=2020Ambio..49..849G |issn=1654-7209}}</ref> Haka kuma, gwamnatoci za su iya saka hannun jarin kuɗi don tallafa wa kamfanoni don rage gurbacewar muhallinsu da ƙarfafa su su yi amfani da dabarun samar da kayayyaki na zamani, don rage fitar da iskar gas mai guba da kuma yawan sinadarai na acid da ake ƙirƙirawa. Bugu da ƙari, hukumomin gwamnati a faɗin duniya za su iya haɗuwa kan batun gurbacewar acid kuma su yi aiki tare don nemo mafita mai yuwa ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="Chen-2022"/> Wasu nasarorin aiwatarwa na gwamnati sun haɗa da Shirin Ruwan Sama Mai Guba (Acid Rain Program) wanda aka kafa a Amurka a shekarar 1995, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Gothenburg (Gothenburg Protocol) ta baya-bayan nan, wanda Hukumar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya don Turai (UNECE) ta kafa don rage gurbacewar acid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone {{!}} UNECE |url=https://unece.org/environment-policy/air/protocol-abate-acidification-eutrophic{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nazarin Harka: Acidification na Ruwa Mai Dadi a Tafkunan Adirondack, New York == [[File:Adirondack Lake - 2055193932.jpg|thumb|Adirondack Lake, Amurka]] Tafkunan Adirondack a New York na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun nazarin harka kan acidification na ruwa mai dadi. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, an fara ganin alamun acidification saboda ƙarancin ƙimar ANC (Acid Neutralizing Capacity) da hayakin masana’antu na sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) da nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), wanda ya haifar da acid rain.<ref name=":3" /> Iskar da ke ɗauke da gurɓataccen abu daga yankin Midwest na Amurka ta kai shi zuwa yankin Adirondack, ta rage matakin pH na ruwan tafkuna da ƙasa a kewaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DRISCOLL |first=CHARLES T. |last2=LAWRENCE |first2=GREGORY B. |last3=BULGER |first3=ARTHUR J. |last4=BUTLER |first4=THOMAS J. |last5=CRONAN |first5=CHRISTOPHER S. |last6=EAGAR |first6=CHRISTOPHER |last7=LAMBERT |first7=KATHLEEN F. |last8=LIKENS |first8=GENE E. |last9=STODDARD |first9=JOHN L. |last10=WEATHERS |first10=KATHLEEN C. |date=2001 |title=Acidic Deposition in the Northeastern United States: Sources and Inputs, Ecosystem Effects, and Management Strategies |journal=BioScience |volume=51 |issue=3 |page=180 |doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0180:aditnu]2.0.co;2 |issn=0006-3568}}</ref> Acidification na ruwan ya haifar da raguwar nau’o’in halittu a cikin ruwa, ciki har da bacewar kifi da nau’o’in crustacean.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Adirondack lakes survey: An interpretive analysis of fish communities and water chemistry, 1984--1987 |last=Baker |first=J. P. |last2=Gherini |first2=S. A. |date=1990-01-01 |publisher=Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Adirondack Lakes Survey Corp., Ray Brook, NY (USA) |issue=ORNL/M-1148 |doi=10.2172/6173689 |osti=6173689 |language=English |last3=Munson |first3=R. K. |last4=Christensen |first4=S. W. |last5=Driscoll |first5=C. T. |last6=Gallagher |first6=J. |last7=Newton |first7=R. M. |last8=Reckhow |first8=K. H. |last9=Schofield |first9=C. L.}}</ref> An yi ƙoƙari da dama don dawo da yanayin muhalli na tafkunan Adirondack ta hanyar rage hayakin SO<sub>2</sub> da NO<sub>x</sub> ta amfani da Dokar Tsaftar Iska ta 1990.<ref name=":3" /> Bayanai daga sa ido sun nuna ingantuwar ingancin ruwa, duk da haka da dama daga cikin tsarin halittu suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin haɗari saboda tasirin dogon lokaci na acid deposition a ƙasa da kogin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stoddard |first=J. L. |last2=Jeffries |first2=D. S. |last3=Lükewille |first3=A. |last4=Clair |first4=T. A. |last5=Dillon |first5=P. J. |last6=Driscoll |first6=C. T. |last7=Forsius |first7=M. |last8=Johannessen |first8=M. |last9=Kahl |first9=J. S. |last10=Kellogg |first10=J. H. |last11=Kemp |first11=A. |last12=Mannio |first12=J. |last13=Monteith |first13=D. T. |last14=Murdoch |first14=P. S. |last15=Patrick |first15=S. |date=1999 |title=Regional trends in aquatic recovery from acidification in North America and Europe |journal=Nature |volume=401 |issue=6753 |pages=575–578 |doi=10.1038/44114 |issn=0028-0836|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wannan nazari ya nuna yadda Dokar Tsaftar Iska ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance gurɓacewar ruwa mai dadi da ɗan adam ya haifar. Duk da haka, bincike ya nuna cewa dawowar tsarin halittu yana da wahala saboda tasirin dogon lokaci na acid deposition.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=Gregory B. |last2=Ryan |first2=Kevin A. |date=2024-02-15 |title=Widespread chemical dilution of streams continues as long-term effects of acidic deposition slowly reverse |journal=Environmental Pollution |volume=343 |article-number=123273 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123273 |issn=0269-7491 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 6r2v8vmshd4ohcc11yzeja4hbjeuzb3 Haɗakar al'adu 0 159870 891587 868814 2026-08-05T06:57:58Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''' Haɗakar al'adu'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilation</ref> Tsarin al'adu shine tsarin da ƙungiyar tsiraru ko al'adu ke kama da ƙungiyar mafi rinjaye ta al'umma ko kuma ta rungumi ɗabi'u, halaye, da imani na wata ƙungiya gaba ɗaya. Tsarin narkewar tukunya ya dogara ne akan wannan ra'ayi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=q8tUSCDORzwC&pg=PA615</ref> Kalmar da ke da alaƙa ita ce "haɗakar al'adu", wanda ke bayyana tsarin zama cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa cikin wata al'umma yayin da ake riƙe abubuwan da ke cikin al'adun mutum na asali.<ref>https://ejop.psychopen.eu/index.php/ejop/article/download/3715/3715.pdf</ref> Tsarin al'adu ya saba wa al'adu daban-daban (ko "mosaic na al'adu"), kamar yadda tsarin haɗuwa ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar tsiraru da ta rungumi al'ada mafi rinjaye, yayin da tsarin al'adu daban-daban yana haɓaka rayuwa tare da kiyaye al'adu da yawa.<ref>Phillip Kottak, Conrad (2007). Window on Humanity: A Concise Introduction to General Anthropology with Powerweb. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-07-325893-5. The exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct.</ref> Wani ra'ayi mai alaƙa da juna shine tsarin haɗuwa, wanda ke faruwa ta hanyar yaɗuwar al'adu kuma ya ƙunshi canje-canje a cikin tsarin al'adu na ɗaya ko duka ƙungiyoyi, yayin da har yanzu yana riƙe da halaye daban-daban. Kodayake masana ilimin ɗan adam ba sa yawan amfani da sabanin haɗuwa, rarrabuwa, a cikin adabi game da tsiraru, wasu da yawa sun sanya kalmar mahimmin bincikensu.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=iw6JBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41</ref><ref> Sözer, Hande (24 July 2014). Managing Invisibility: Dissimulation and Identity Maintenance among Alevi Bulgarian Turks. BRILL. p. 41. ISBN 978-90-04-27919-3. Retrieved 20 April 2026. </ref> Akwai nau'ikan haɗuwar al'adu daban-daban, gami da cikakken haɗuwa da tilasta haɗuwa. Cikakken haɗuwa abu ne da aka saba gani, kamar yadda yake faruwa ba zato ba tsammani. Haɗuwa kuma na iya haɗawa da abin da ake kira haɗuwar ƙari, inda mutane ko ƙungiyoyi ke faɗaɗa kundin al'adunsu na yanzu maimakon maye gurbin al'adun kakanninsu. Wannan wani ɓangare ne da yake rabawa da haɗuwa. Idan aka yi amfani da shi azaman akidar siyasa, haɗuwa yana nufin manufofin gwamnati na haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu cikin al'adun ƙasa da gangan. Ya ƙunshi haɗuwar son rai da kuma ba da son rai ba.<ref> Brandt, Lasse; Liu, Shuyan; Heim, Christine; Heinz, Andreas (2022-09-21). "The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health". Translational Psychiatry. 12 (1): 398. doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4. ISSN 2158-3188. PMC 9490697. PMID 36130935.</ref><ref>"Cultural Assimilation". Archived from the original on June 21, 2021.</ref> A cikin haɗuwar al'adu da haɗin kai, yawancin ƙungiyoyi na iya tsammanin ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu za su rungumi ayyukan yau da kullun na al'adun da suka fi rinjaye ta hanyar amfani da harshe gama gari a cikin tattaunawa, bin ƙa'idodin zamantakewa, haɗa tattalin arziki da shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa kamar shiga cikin al'adu, fafutukar aiki da shiga cikin zaɓe da al'umma. Nau'o'in warewa daban-daban, warewar zamantakewa, da wariya na iya kawo cikas ga ci gaban wannan tsari.<ref> Clark, W. (2003). Immigrants and the American Dream: Remaking the Middle Class. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-880-0.</ref> Haɗakar al'adu, wadda galibi ake samu a cikin al'ummomin al'adu masu al'adu daban-daban, tana kama da wani nau'in haɗakar al'adu ta zamantakewa saboda, akan lokaci, ƙungiyar tsiraru ko al'ada na iya shiga cikin al'ada mai rinjaye, kuma halayen da ke bayyana al'adun tsiraru na iya zama ba a bayyane ko ɓacewa saboda dalilai na aiki. Saboda haka, a wasu yanayi na zamantakewa da siyasa, haɗin gwiwar al'adu za a iya fahimtar su kamar haɗuwar al'adu, tare da ɗaukar na farko a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matakan na ƙarshen.<ref>Bleakley, Hoyt; Chin, Aimee (May 2004). "Language Skills and Earnings: Evidence from Childhood Immigrants*". Review of Economics and Statistics. 86 (2): 481–496. doi:10.1162/003465304323031067. ISSN 0034-6535. S2CID 18694108.</ref><ref>Hainmueller, Jens; Hopkins, Daniel J. (2015). "The Hidden American Immigration Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes toward Immigrants". American Journal of Political Science. 59 (3): 529–548. doi:10.1111/ajps.12138. ISSN 0092-5853. JSTOR 24583081.</ref> == Bayani == Tsarin al'adu na iya faruwa cikin sauri ko a hankali, ya danganta da yanayin ƙungiyar. Cikakken tsarin al'adu yana faruwa ne lokacin da ba a iya bambance membobin wata al'umma da na ƙungiyar da ta fi rinjaye a cikin wannan al'umma ba.<ref> Caligiuri, Paula; DuBois, Cathy L.Z.; Lundby, Kyle; Sinclair, Elizabeth A (2020-12-01). "Fostering international students' sense of belonging and perceived social support through a semester-long experiential activity". Research in Comparative and International Education. 15 (4): 357–370. doi:10.1177/1745499920954311. ISSN 1745-4999. S2CID 225001702.</ref> Ko ana sa ran wata ƙungiya ta haɗu sau da yawa, 'yan ƙungiyar da kuma manyan membobin al'umma suna jayayya kan ko za a haɗa ta. Tsarin al'adu ba lallai bane ya haifar da kamanceceniya da kamanceceniya. Shingayen yanayi da sauran shinge na halitta tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, koda lokacin da al'adar da ta fi rinjaye ta rinjaye su, na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen al'adu.[babu tabbas] Tsarin al'adu na iya faruwa ko dai ta hanyar kwatsam ko ta hanyar tilastawa, na biyun lokacin da al'adu mafi rinjaye ke amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da nufin tilasta haɗa ta.<ref>"Assimilation facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Assimilation". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2016-11-11.</ref> Nau'o'in haɗuwa iri-iri, gami da haɗakar al'adu da aka tilasta, suna da mahimmanci musamman game da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar a lokacin mulkin mallaka da ke faruwa tsakanin ƙarni na 18, 19, da 20. Wannan nau'in haɗuwa ya haɗa da canza addini, rabuwar iyalai, canje-canje na rawar jinsi, raba kadarori tsakanin ikon ƙasashen waje, kawar da tattalin arzikin gida, da rashin wadatar abinci mai ɗorewa. Ko ta hanyar mulkin mallaka ko a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, hanyoyin haɗakar da aka tilasta ba su dawwama, suna haifar da tawaye da rushewar iko don ci gaba da iko kan ƙa'idodin al'adu. Sau da yawa, al'adun da aka tilasta wa shiga al'adu daban-daban ta hanyar haɗakar al'adu da aka tilasta wa komawa ga ayyukan asali da addinan da suka bambanta da ƙa'idodin al'adun da aka tilasta wa wasu manyan iko. Bugu da ƙari, a tsawon tarihi, haɗakar da aka yi da son rai sau da yawa yana mayar da martani ga matsin lamba daga al'ada mafi rinjaye, kuma bin ƙa'ida mafita ce ga mutane su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin aminci. Misali na haɗakar al'adu da son rai zai kasance a lokacin Inquisition na [[Ispaniya|Spain]], lokacin da Yahudawa da Musulmai suka karɓi Cocin Katolika na Roman a matsayin addininsu, amma a halin yanzu, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna yin addinan gargajiya na sirri. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in haɗuwa don shawo kan wani iko mai iko cewa al'ada ta haɗu cikin lumana amma sau da yawa haɗuwa da son rai ba yana nufin ƙungiyar ta cika ƙa'idodin al'adu da aka yarda da su ba. Kalmar "haɗuwa" galibi ana amfani da ita ne ga ba kawai ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, har ma da baƙi da suka zauna a sabuwar ƙasa. Sabuwar al'ada da sabbin ra'ayoyi game da al'adar asali ana samun su ta hanyar hulɗa da sadarwa. Haɗuwa tana ɗauka cewa al'ada mai ɗan tauri za ta haɗu cikin al'ada ɗaya mai haɗin kai. Wannan tsari yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hulɗa da daidaitawa tsakanin kowace al'ada. Ma'anar haɗuwa a halin yanzu yawanci ana amfani da ita don nufin baƙi, amma a cikin al'adu daban-daban, haɗuwar al'adu na iya faruwa a ko'ina cikin duniya da kuma cikin mahallin zamantakewa daban-daban kuma ba'a iyakance ga takamaiman yankuna ba. == Haɗin kai tsakanin 'yan ci-rani == Masana kimiyyar zamantakewa sun dogara ne akan manyan ma'auni guda huɗu don tantance haɗuwar baƙi: matsayin zamantakewa, rarrabawar yanki, samun harshe na biyu, da kuma auratayya tsakanin mutane. William A.V. Clark ya bayyana haɗuwar baƙi a Amurka a matsayin "hanya ta fahimtar yanayin zamantakewa na al'ummar Amurka kuma cewa shine tsarin da ke faruwa ba zato ba tsammani kuma sau da yawa ba tare da niyya ba a cikin hulɗa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin mafi rinjaye da tsiraru." Bincike ya kuma lura da tasirin haɗuwar baƙi. Wani bincike da Bleakley da Chin (2010) suka yi ya gano cewa mutanen da suka isa Amurka a shekara tara ko kafin su kai shekaru tara daga ƙasashen da ba sa magana da Ingilishi suna magana da Turanci a matakin da ya yi daidai da waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasashen da ba sa magana da Turanci. Akasin haka, waɗanda suka isa bayan tara daga ƙasashen da ba sa magana da Turanci suna da ƙarancin ƙwarewar magana, wanda ke ƙaruwa daidai da shekaru lokacin isowa. Binciken ya kuma lura da tasirin al'adun zamantakewa, kamar waɗanda ke da ƙwarewar Turanci mafi kyau ba su da yuwuwar yin aure a yanzu, suna da yuwuwar rabuwa, suna da ƙarancin yara, kuma suna da mata da suka kusa da shekarunsu. Ana kiyasta koyon magana da Turanci da kyau zai inganta samun kuɗi da sama da kashi 33 cikin ɗari. Wani bincike da Verkuyten ya gudanar a shekarar 2014 ya gano cewa yaran da suka yi ƙaura waɗanda suka saba da juna ta hanyar haɗin kai ko kuma haɗa kai suna karɓar kyakkyawar karramawa daga takwarorinsu fiye da waɗanda suka saba da juna ta hanyar wariya ko rabuwa. == Ra'ayin al'adu masu rinjaye == Babu wani bincike ko shaida da aka gudanar wanda ke nuna ko kuma yadda motsin baƙi ke ƙaruwa—haɗuwa da ƙasa mai iko kamar iya magana, matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da sauransu— yana haifar da canje-canje a fahimtar waɗanda aka haifa a ƙasar da ke da rinjaye. Wannan muhimmin nau'in bincike yana ba da bayanai kan yadda ake karɓar baƙi zuwa ƙasashe masu rinjaye. A cikin wani labarin da Ariela Schachter ta rubuta, mai taken "Daga "bambanci" zuwa "kama": hanyar gwaji don fahimtar daidaitawa", an gudanar da wani bincike kan fararen 'yan Amurka don ganin ra'ayinsu game da baƙi waɗanda yanzu ke zaune a Amurka. Binciken ya nuna cewa fararen fata sun jure wa baƙi a ƙasarsu. Farin 'yan asalin ƙasar suna buɗe don samun dangantaka ta "tsari" da mutanen da suka fito daga ƙasashen waje, misali, abokai da maƙwabta; duk da haka, wannan ya kasance ban da baƙi baƙi da 'yan asalin ƙasar da baƙi marasa takardu. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, fararen Amurkawa suna kallon duk waɗanda ba fararen Amurkawa ba, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu na doka ba, a matsayin ba su da kama da juna. Wani mujalla makamancin haka da Jens Hainmueller da Daniel J. Hopkins suka wallafa mai taken "The Hidden American Shige da Fice Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes to the Baƙi" ya tabbatar da irin wannan ra'ayi game da baƙi. Masu binciken sun yi amfani da wani gwaji don cimma burinsu wanda shine gwada halaye guda tara masu dacewa na ka'idar baƙi masu zato. Da yake tambayar wani samfurin 'yan ƙasar Amurka bisa ga yawan jama'a don yanke shawara tsakanin ma'auratan baƙi da ke neman shiga Amurka, ɗan ƙasar Amurka zai ga aikace-aikacen da ke ɗauke da bayanai ga baƙi biyu, gami da bayanin kula game da matsayin iliminsu, ƙasa, asali, da sauran halaye. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa Amurkawa suna kallon baƙi masu ilimi a cikin manyan ayyuka da kyau, yayin da suke kallon waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba daidai ba: waɗanda ba su da shirin yin aiki, waɗanda suka shiga ba tare da izini ba, waɗanda ba su iya Turanci sosai da waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Iraki. == Daidaita da sabuwar ƙasa == Yayin da adadin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da ke shiga [[Amurka]] ya ƙaru, haka nan adadin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da ke jami'o'i da kwalejoji na Amurka ke ƙaruwa. Daidaita waɗannan sabbin ɗalibai yana da mahimmanci a binciken al'adu daban-daban. A cikin binciken "Daidaita Al'adu Tsakanin Ɗaliban Kwalejin Ƙasashen Duniya a Amurka" na Yikang Wang, manufar ita ce a binciki yadda daidaitawar tunani da zamantakewa da al'adu na ɗaliban kwaleji na ƙasashen duniya suka bambanta a tsawon lokaci. Binciken ya ƙunshi samfurin ɗaliban ƙasashen waje 169 da ke halartar jami'ar gwamnati mai ilimi guda biyu. An binciki nau'ikan daidaitawa guda biyu: ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da al'adu. Daidaitawar tunani yana nufin "jin daɗin rayuwa ko gamsuwa yayin sauye-sauyen al'adu daban-daban;" yayin da zamantakewa da al'adu ke nufin ikon dacewa da sabuwar al'ada. Sakamakon ga ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu da waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na farko sun nuna gamsuwa da ƙwarewar al'adu daban-daban sun canza a tsawon lokaci. Daidaitawar tunani yana da babban canji ga ɗalibi wanda ya zauna a Amurka na akalla watanni 24 yayin da daidaitawar al'adu da al'adu ke ƙaruwa akai-akai akan lokaci. Za a iya kammala da cewa a ƙarshe akan lokaci, ƙungiyar tsiraru za ta rasa wasu halayen al'adunsu lokacin da suke cikin sabuwar ƙasa kuma ta haɗa da sabbin halaye na al'adu. Haka kuma, an tabbatar da cewa ƙarin lokaci da aka yi a sabuwar ƙasa zai haifar da saba wa halayen ƙasashe masu rinjaye. Hoto na 2 ya nuna yayin da tsawon lokacin da aka zauna a Amurka ke ƙaruwa—ƙasar da ke da rinjaye, gamsuwar rayuwa da ƙwarewar zamantakewa da al'adu suma ke ƙaruwa—alaƙa mai kyau. Bisa ga haka, binciken da ƙungiyar Caligiuri ta gudanar, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2020, ya nuna cewa zangon karatu ɗaya na ayyukan ƙwarewa a aji da aka tsara don haɓaka hulɗar zamantakewa ta ɗalibai na ƙasashen duniya da na cikin gida yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka jin daɗin kasancewa tare da tallafawa zamantakewa ga ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya. A cikin wani bincike da Viola Angelini ta yi, "Gamsuwa da Rayuwa ga Baƙi: Shin haɗuwar al'adu tana da mahimmanci?", ka'idar haɗuwa a matsayin fa'idodi ga walwala. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce tantance bambanci tsakanin haɗuwar al'adu da walwalar baƙi. Mujallar ta haɗa da wani bincike wanda ya binciki "ma'auni kai tsaye na haɗuwa da al'adun mai masaukin baki da walwalar baƙi." Ta amfani da bayanai daga Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki na Jamus, an kammala da cewa akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin haɗuwar al'adu da gamsuwa/jin daɗin rayuwar baƙi ko da bayan watsi da abubuwa kamar matsayin aiki, albashi, da sauransu. "Gamsuwa da Rayuwa ga Baƙi: Shin haɗuwar al'adu tana da mahimmanci?" kuma ya tabbatar da cewa "haɗin gwiwa da gamsuwar rayuwa ya fi ƙarfi ga baƙi da suka kafa fiye da na baya-bayan nan." An gano cewa yawan baƙi da suka yi kama da al'adun Jamusawa kuma waɗanda suka yi magana da yaren ƙasa mai kyau - yaren ƙasa mafi rinjaye, yawan da suka bayar da rahoton gamsuwa da rayuwarsu. Yawan gamsuwar rayuwa ya fi yawa ga waɗanda suka saba da ƙasar da ke da rinjaye fiye da waɗanda ba su saba da ita ba tun lokacin da suka haɗa da harshe mai rinjaye, addini, fannoni na tunani, da sauransu. == Rabuwar da ba ta zama 'yan asalin ƙasar ba == A cikin binciken "Binciken girgizar al'adu, fahimtar al'adu tsakanin mutane da kuma son rungumar juna" na Clare D'Souza, binciken ya yi amfani da hanyar rubuta bayanai don yin nazari kan bayanan da aka tattara. Binciken ya shafi ɗaliban da ke yin rangadin karatu a ƙasashen waje. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa mummunan fahimtar al'adu tsakanin mutane ya fi yawa a cikin mahalarta waɗanda ke fuskantar girgizar al'adu. Waɗanda ke fuskantar girgizar al'adu suna da motsin rai da martani na ƙiyayya, fushi, rashin tausayi, damuwa, takaici, warewa, da koma baya. Haka kuma, ga wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar kafin ya ƙaura har abada, da sun riga sun ƙaddara imani game da al'ada da matsayinsu a cikin ƙasar. Bayyanar motsin rai ga wannan mutumin ya haɗa da farin ciki, farin ciki, sha'awa, da farin ciki. Wani labarin mai taken "Daliban Ƙasashen Duniya daga Melbourne Suna Bayyana Kwarewar Canjin Al'adu Tsakaninsu: Girgizar Al'adu, Hulɗar Jama'a, da Ci gaban Abota" na Nish Belford ya mayar da hankali kan girgizar al'adu. Belford ta yi hira da ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya don bincika ƙwarewarsu bayan sun zauna da karatu a Melbourne, Ostiraliya. Bayanan da aka tattara labarai ne daga ɗaliban da suka mayar da hankali kan masu canji kamar "kamance-kwancen al'adu, ƙwarewar sadarwa tsakanin al'adu, abota tsakanin al'adu, da asalin dangantaka don yin tasiri ga abubuwan da suka faru."<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Pu5x9Nkj1-kC</ref> === [[Amurka]] === Tsakanin 1880 da 1920, Amurka ta ɗauki kimanin baƙi miliyan 24. Wannan ƙaruwar shige da fice za a iya danganta ta da sauye-sauye da yawa na tarihi. Farkon ƙarni na 21 ya kuma nuna babban zamanin ƙaura, kuma masana zamantakewa suna sake ƙoƙarin fahimtar tasirin da shige da fice ke yi wa al'umma da baƙi da kansu.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=DUSbAAAAQBAJ</ref> Ƙwaƙwalwar al'umma tana da ma'anoni daban-daban a cikin ilimin zamantakewa na Amurka. Henry Pratt Fairchild ya danganta haɗakar Amurka da Amurka ko ka'idar "narkewar tukunya". Wasu masana kuma sun yi imanin cewa haɗakar al'umma da haɗakar al'umma suna da alaƙa. A cewar wani ra'ayi na gama gari, haɗakar al'umma "tsari ne na fassara da haɗakar al'umma" daga wata ƙungiya ko mutum. Wannan na iya haɗawa da tunawa, halaye, da ra'ayoyi. Ta hanyar raba abubuwan da suka faru da tarihinsu, suna haɗuwa cikin rayuwar al'adu ta gama gari. Ka'idar da ke da alaƙa ita ce tsarin jama'a, wanda masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Amurka Milton Gordon ya gabatar. Yana bayyana yanayin Amurka inda, duk da haɗakar al'adu na kabilu cikin al'ummar Amurka, suka ci gaba da rabuwar tsarin. Gordon ya dage cewa akwai iyakacin haɗakar baƙi zuwa cibiyoyin zamantakewa na Amurka kamar ƙungiyoyin ilimi, sana'a, siyasa, da zamantakewa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240115152333/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-25-1-the-columbian-exchange</ref> A lokacin mulkin mallaka daga 1607 zuwa 1776, mutane sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban—ƙaura da son rai da kuma tilasta musu ƙaura. Waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan mulkin mallaka da son rai sun jawo hankalin ƙasa mai arha, albashi mai yawa, da kuma 'yancin tunani a Arewacin Amurka ta Birtaniya. A rabin na ƙarshe, mafi yawan mutanen da aka kora zuwa yankunan mulkin mallaka bayi ne na Afirka. Bauta ta bambanta da sauran ƙaura da aka tilasta musu, kamar yadda, ba kamar a yanayin waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci ba, babu yiwuwar samun 'yanci, kodayake an yi wa wasu bayi kisan gilla a ƙarni kafin Yaƙin Basasa na Amurka. Dogon tarihin ƙaura a cikin ƙofofin da aka kafa yana nufin cewa wurin baƙi dangane da matsayi na aji, launin fata, da ƙabila a cikin ƙofofin gargajiya ya fi tsari ko kafuwa, amma a gefe guda, sabbin ƙofofin ba su da tarihin ƙaura sosai don haka matsayin baƙi dangane da matsayi na aji, launin fata, da ƙabila ba a fayyace su sosai ba, kuma baƙi na iya samun ƙarin tasiri don fayyace matsayinsu. Na biyu, girman sabbin ƙofofin na iya rinjayar haɗakar baƙi. Samun ƙaramin ƙofa na iya shafar matakin wariyar launin fata tsakanin baƙi da mutanen da aka haifa a asali. Na uku, bambancin da ke cikin shirye-shiryen cibiyoyi na iya shafar haɗakar baƙi.<ref>https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/spanish-colonization/a/the-spanish-conquistadores-and-colonial-empire</ref> Ba kamar sabbin ƙofofi ba, ƙofofin gargajiya suna da cibiyoyi da yawa da aka kafa don taimakawa baƙi, kamar taimakon shari'a, ofisoshi, da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa. A ƙarshe, Waters da Jimenez sun yi hasashen cewa waɗannan bambance-bambancen na iya tasiri ga haɗakar baƙi da kuma yadda masu bincike ya kamata su tantance haɗakar baƙi.<ref>https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/spanish-colonization/a/the-spanish-conquistadores-and-colonial-empire</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ci gaba da haɗakar baƙi zuwa Amurka ya haifar da kashi 29% na ƙaruwar yawan jama'ar Amurka tun daga 2000. An yi nazari sosai kan isowar baƙi zuwa Amurka a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Sakamakon ya nuna abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura, ciki har da zama ɗan ƙasa, mallakar gidaje, ƙwarewar harshen Ingilishi, matsayin aiki, da samun mafi kyawun kuɗin shiga.<ref> Perdue, Theda (2003). "Chapter 2 "Both White and Red"". Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South. The University of Georgia Press. p. 51. ISBN 0-8203-2731-X.</ref> === [[Canada]] === Tarihin al'adu daban-daban na Kanada ya samo asali ne tun lokacin da Turawa suka yi mulkin mallaka daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa 19, tare da kwararowar ƙaura tsakanin ƙabilun Turai zuwa yankin. A ƙarni na 20, Indiyawa, Sinawa, da [[Japan]] su ne manyan ƙungiyoyin baƙi. === Ƙarni na 20–yanzu: Canji daga haɗuwa zuwa haɗin kai === Kanada ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin baƙi a duniya. Ƙidayar jama'a ta 2016 ta sami baƙi miliyan 7.5 da aka rubuta, wanda ke wakiltar kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na yawan jama'ar ƙasar. Hankali ya koma daga magana game da haɗakar al'adu zuwa haɗin gwiwar al'adu. Sabanin haɗakar al'adu, haɗin kai yana da nufin kiyaye tushen al'umma 'yan tsiraru yayin da har yanzu yana ba da damar zama tare da al'ada mai rinjaye. == Daidaito tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar == === [[Australia]] === An amince da dokar da ta shafi manufar "kariya" a kan 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya (raba su da fararen fata) a wasu jihohi da yankuna na Australiya lokacin da suke mulkin mallaka, kafin tarayyar Australiya: a Victoria a 1867, Yammacin Australiya a 1886, da Queensland a 1897. Bayan haɗin gwiwa, New South Wales ta tsara manufofinta a 1909, Kudancin Australiya da Yankin Arewa (wanda ke ƙarƙashin iko da Kudancin Australiya a lokacin) a 1910-11. An ƙirƙiri ofisoshin ofisoshin jakadancin da wuraren ajiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da gwamnati ke gudanarwa, kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar suka ƙaura zuwa gare su. Dokokin sun takaita zirga-zirgarsu, sun hana shan barasa da kuma yin aiki bisa ƙa'ida. An ƙarfafa manufofin a rabin farko na ƙarni na 20 (lokacin da aka fahimci cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar ba za su mutu ko kuma su shagaltu da al'ummar fararen fata gaba ɗaya ba) kamar yadda aka tanadar da Dokar Jin Daɗi ta 1953, inda aka sanya 'yan asalin ƙasar a ƙarƙashin jihar. An tilasta wa yaran "'Yan Asalin Ƙasa" (wanda aka sani da rabin ƙabila) korar su daga iyayensu domin a ilmantar da su ta hanyoyin Turai; galibi ana horar da 'yan matan su zama bayin gida. An daina manufofin kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, kuma manufofin haɗa kai sun mamaye. Waɗannan sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a bar 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya "masu cikakken jini" su "mutu", yayin da aka ƙarfafa "masu rabin ƙabila" su shiga cikin al'ummar fararen fata. Ana ɗaukar 'yan asalin ƙasar a matsayin ƙasa da fararen fata ta waɗannan manufofin, kuma galibi suna fuskantar wariya a garuruwan da galibi fararen fata ne bayan sun ƙaura don neman aiki. Tsakanin 1910 da 1970, an kori tsararraki da yawa na 'yan asalin ƙasar daga iyayensu, kuma an san su da Tsararrun Sata. Manufar ta yi illa ga daidaikun mutane, iyali da al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar. Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Ga 'Yan Asalin da aka sanar a shekarar 1939 ta kawo ƙarshen manufofin hukuma waɗanda suka dogara da "shafa halittu" ko "kawar" 'Yan Asalin, waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da haɗakar al'adu a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don haƙƙin ɗan adam. Taron Jin Daɗin 'Yan Asalin na 1961 a Canberra, ministocin gwamnatin tarayya da na jihohi na Australiya sun tsara ma'anar "haɗawa" 'Yan Asalin Australiya don mahallin gwamnati. Ministan Yankunan Tarayya na Gwamnatin Menzies, Paul Hasluck, ya sanar da Majalisar Wakilai a watan Afrilun 1961 cewa: '''Manufar haɗa kai tana nufin a ganin dukkan gwamnatocin Australiya cewa ana sa ran dukkan 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma waɗanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba ne za su sami irin rayuwar da sauran 'yan Australiya ke yi kuma su rayu a matsayin membobin al'ummar Australiya ɗaya da ke jin daɗin haƙƙoƙi da gata iri ɗaya, suna karɓar nauyi iri ɗaya, suna kiyaye al'adu iri ɗaya kuma suna da tasiri ga imani, bege da aminci iri ɗaya kamar sauran 'yan Australiya. Don haka, duk wani mataki na musamman da aka ɗauka ga 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma waɗanda ba su da asali ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin matakai na wucin gadi ba bisa ga launi ba, amma an yi niyya ne don biyan buƙatunsu na kulawa da taimako na musamman don kare su daga duk wani mummunan tasiri na canji kwatsam da kuma taimaka musu su yi sauyi daga mataki zuwa mataki ta yadda zai yi wa ci gaban zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa na gaba kyau.''' Bayan ya jagoranci kuri'ar raba gardama ta 1967 wadda ta cire sassa daban-daban na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Ostiraliya, Firayim Ministan Liberal Harold Holt ya bayyana manufar gwamnatinsa kan haɗakar jama'a kamar haka: '''Sau da yawa ba a fahimtar kalmar 'haɗakar jama'a'. Babu wani abu da ya zama dole ko kuma ba bisa ƙa'ida ba game da ita kuma ba yana nufin haɗakar jama'a da manufar kawar da siffofi na zahiri na 'yan asalin ƙasar ko al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Haɗakar jama'a yana nufin cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar za su iya kama da sauran 'yan ƙasa, ba shakka a cikin kamanni ba, amma dangane da duk gata da alhakin zama ɗan ƙasa.''' — Firayim Minista Harold Holt, Satumba, 1967 Magajin Holt, John Gorton, ya amince da manufar "ci gaban" 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar "haɗa 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya a matsayin cikakkun membobin al'ummar Australiya guda ɗaya", kuma ya yaba da "ƙoƙarin da Amurkawa ke yi na shigar da 'yan asalin ƙasar da kansu cikin gudanar da harkokinsu da kuma amfani da iko mai kyau a tsakanin mutanensu," yana mai alƙawarin yin koyi da su a matakin Tarayya. Ya bayyana matsayin Gwamnatinsa kamar haka: '''A wata ma'anar, ba tare da lalata al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, muna son taimaka wa 'yan asalin ƙasarmu su zama muhimmin ɓangare na sauran mutanen Australiya, kuma muna son 'yan asalin ƙasar su sami murya a cikin saurin da wannan tsari ke faruwa. Za mu auna shawarwarin manufofi bisa ga wannan manufar, kuma za mu so mu guji matakan da za su iya bambanta 'yan asalin ƙasar da sauran 'yan Australiya har abada ta hanyar samun ci gaban su bisa ƙa'idodi daban-daban ko daban-daban [...] Duk da haka, mun fahimci cewa... 'yan asalin ƙasar Australiya da yawa suna fuskantar nakasa ta musamman waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga ci gaban su. Saboda haka, a shirye muke mu goyi bayan ƙarin aiki da aka tsara don taimaka wa 'yan asalin ƙasar su shawo kan waɗannan nakasa a matakin canji.''' — Firayim Minista John Gorton, 12 ga Yuli 1968 Manufofin gwamnati na 'haɗa kai' sun faɗi ƙasa a Ostiraliya tun daga shekarun 1970, inda masu fafutuka kamar Sanata Neville Bonner na farko ɗan asalin Aboriginal na Ostiraliya suka goyi bayan manufofin 'haɗa kai' da 'ƙaddamar da kai', sannan kuma gwamnatocin Whitlam Labour da Fraser Liberal suka haɓaka dokokin haƙƙin mallakar filaye. === [[Brazil]] === A watan Janairun 2019, sabon shugaban Brazil da aka zaɓa Jair Bolsonaro ya kwace wa Hukumar Kula da Harkokin 'Yan Asalin ƙasar FUNAI nauyin gano da kuma raba filayen 'Yan Asalin ƙasar. Ya yi jayayya cewa waɗannan yankuna suna da ƙananan al'ummomi da aka keɓe kuma ya ba da shawarar haɗa su cikin babban al'ummar Brazil. A cewar Survival International, "Ɗaukar alhakin raba filayen 'Yan Asalin ƙasar daga FUNAI, ma'aikatar harkokin Indiya, da kuma ba da su ga Ma'aikatar Noma kusan shela ce ta yaƙi a fili da al'ummomin ƙabilun Brazil." === Kanada 1800s–1996: Hadakar da aka tilasta === A ƙarni na 19 da 20, kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1996, lokacin da aka rufe makarantar zama ta Indiya ta ƙarshe a Kanada, gwamnatin Kanada, tare da taimakon Cocin Kirista, ta fara wani kamfen na haɗa kan 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada da ƙarfi. Gwamnati ta haɗa iko kan filayen 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi da amfani da ƙarfi, daga ƙarshe ta ware yawancin 'yan asalin ƙasar zuwa wuraren ajiyar yara. An haramta ayyukan aure da bukukuwan ruhaniya, kuma an daure shugabannin ruhaniya. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Kanada ta kafa wani babban tsarin makarantun zama don haɗa kan yara. An raba yaran 'yan asalin ƙasar da iyalansu kuma ba a ba su izinin bayyana al'adunsu a waɗannan sabbin makarantu ba. Ba a ba su izinin yin yaren su ko yin al'adunsu ba tare da an hukunta su ba. Akwai lokuta da yawa na tashin hankali da cin zarafin mata da cocin Kirista ke yi. Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta kammala da cewa wannan ƙoƙarin ya zama kisan kare dangi na al'adu. Makarantun sun yi aiki tuƙuru don nisantar da yara daga tushen al'adunsu. An hana ɗalibai yin yaren asalinsu, ana cin zarafin su akai-akai, kuma gwamnati ta shirya musu aure bayan kammala karatunsu. Manufar gwamnatin Kanada, ta hanyar majami'un Katolika da Anglican, ita ce ta haɗa 'yan asalin ƙasar gaba ɗaya cikin al'ummar Kanada da kuma lalata duk wani abu da ya shafi tarihin ƙasarsu. === Croatia da Transylvania === A lokacin haɗin kai na Croatia da Hungary, an matsa wa 'yan Croatian su bar al'adun gargajiyarsu don su rungumi abubuwan da suka shafi al'adun Hungary, kamar Katolika da haruffan Latin. Saboda haka, an ɗauki abubuwan da suka shafi al'adun Hungary a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun Croatia, kuma har yanzu ana iya ganin su a cikin al'adun Croatia na zamani. A ko'ina cikin Masarautar Hungary, an tilasta wa 'yan ƙasa da yawa, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, su koma Katolika. Manufar tilasta musu komawa addinin Katolika ta fi tsauri a Croatia da Transylvania, inda za a iya tura fararen hula zuwa kurkuku saboda ƙin musulunta. Masanin ilimin al'adun gargajiya na Romania Ioan Lupaș ya yi iƙirarin cewa tsakanin 1002, lokacin da Transylvania ta zama wani ɓangare na Masarautar Hungary, zuwa 1300, an daure kimanin 'yan Hungary 200,000 da ke zaune a Transylvania saboda ƙin musuluntar Katolika, kuma kimanin 50,000 daga cikinsu sun mutu a kurkuku.<ref> "Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future: Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2018.</ref> === Meziko da Peru === Babban abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga haɗakar al'adu a Kudancin Amurka ya fara ne a lokacin bincike da mulkin mallaka wanda Bartolomé de Las Casas ke ɗauka a matsayin farawa a shekarar 1492 lokacin da Turawa suka fara binciken Tekun Atlantika don neman "'Yan Asalin", wanda ya kai ga gano Amurka. Turai ta ci gaba da mamaye al'ummar 'Yan Asalin Amurka yayin da albarkatu kamar aiki, albarkatun ƙasa, kamar katako, jan ƙarfe, zinariya, azurfa, da kayayyakin noma suka mamaye Turai, duk da haka waɗannan ribar sun kasance gefe ɗaya, saboda ƙungiyoyin 'Yan Asalin ba su amfana da yarjejeniyoyi na kasuwanci da ikon mulkin mallaka ba. Baya ga wannan, manyan biranen mulkin mallaka kamar [[Portugal]] da Spain sun buƙaci yankunan mulkin mallaka a Kudancin Amurka<ref>Wang, Yikang; Li, Ting; Noltemeyer, Amity; Wang, Aimin; Zhang, Jinghua; Shaw, Kevin (2017-11-30). "Cross-Cultural Adaptation of International College Students in the United States". Journal of International Students. 8 (2): 821–842. doi:10.32674/jis.v8i2.116. ISSN 2162-3104.</ref> su rungumi al'adun Turai - kamar bin Cocin Katolika na Roman Mai Tsarki, karɓar Sifaniyanci ko Fotigal akan harsunan 'Yan Asalin da kuma karɓar gwamnati irin ta Turai. Ta hanyar manufofin haɗakar al'umma mai ƙarfi, ikon mulkin mallaka kamar Spain ya yi amfani da hanyoyin tashin hankali don tabbatar da rinjayen al'adu akan al'ummomin 'Yan Asalin. Misali ɗaya ya faru a shekarar 1519 lokacin da mai binciken Sifaniya Hernán Cortés ya isa Tenochtitlán - babban birnin Daular Aztec a Mexico. Bayan gano cewa Aztecs suna yin sadaukarwa ga ɗan adam, Cortés ya kashe manyan Aztecs kuma ya riƙe Moctezuma II, sarkin Aztec, a matsayin fursuna. Ba da daɗewa ba, Cortés ya fara ƙirƙirar kawance don sake dawo da mulki a Tenochtitlán kuma ya sake masa suna Birnin Mexico. Ba tare da kwace iko ta hanyar kisan kai da yaɗuwar cututtuka masu yaɗuwa ba, 'yan mulkin mallaka na Spain (ƙaramin adadi) ba za su iya mamaye Mexico ba kuma su mayar da mutane da yawa zuwa Katolika da bauta. Yayin da 'yan Spain suka rinjayi haɗakar harshe da al'adu na addini tsakanin 'yan asalin ƙasar a Kudancin Amurka a lokacin mulkin mallaka, har yanzu ana amfani da harsunan 'yan asalin ƙasar da yawa kamar harshen Incan Quechua a wurare kamar Peru har zuwa yau ta akalla mutane miliyan 4.<ref>New Zealand. Department of Statistics (1962). Population Census, 1961. Vol. 10. p. 23. Retrieved 16 July 2020. Full-blood Maoris totalled 103,987 [...], or 62 2 per cent of the Maori population as it is defined for the purposes of the census.</ref> === New Zealand === A lokacin mulkin mallaka na New Zealand daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 zuwa gaba, haɗakar al'ummar Maori ta asali da al'adun baƙi da baƙi na Turai da suka shigo da su da farko ya faru ne kwatsam. Haɗakar kwayoyin halitta ta fara da wuri kuma ta ci gaba - ƙidayar jama'a ta New Zealand ta 1961 ta rarraba kashi 62.2% na Māori a matsayin "masu cikakken jinin Maori". (Kwatanta Pākehā Māori.) Haɗakar harsuna ta faru da wuri da kuma ci gaba: Al'ummar mazauna Turai sun karɓi kalmomin Māori kuma sun daidaita su, yayin da harsunan Turai suka shafi ƙamus na Māori (kuma wataƙila ilimin sautuka). A ƙarni na 19, gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka na ƙarni na 19 sun ƙarfafa manufofin haɗakar mutane; a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, manufofi sun fi son ci gaban al'adu biyu. Māori ta ɗauki wasu fannoni na al'adun kayan Turai (ƙarfe, muskets, dankali) cikin sauri. Ra'ayoyin da aka shigo da su - kamar rubutu, Kiristanci, masarauta, rarrabuwar kawuna, suturar yau da kullun ta Turai, ko rashin amincewa da bauta - sun bazu a hankali. Ci gaban da aka samu daga baya (gurguzanci, ka'idar kin amincewa da mulkin mallaka, ra'ayoyin Sabon Zamani) sun tabbatar da cewa sun fi yin amfani da su a duniya. Wani ra'ayi na dogon lokaci yana gabatar da gurguzu na Māori a matsayin wanda ba shi da alaƙa da tsarin ɗabi'ar Turai.<ref> "Assimilation facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Assimilation". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2016-11-11.</ref> === Amurka === Amurka ta yi ƙoƙari da dama don haɗa 'Yan Asalin Amurka cikin al'adun Turai da Amurka tsakanin shekarun 1790 da 1960. George Washington da Henry Knox su ne suka fara gabatar da, a cikin mahallin Amurka, haɗa al'adun 'Yan Asalin Amurka. Sun tsara wata manufa don ƙarfafa abin da ake kira "tsarin wayewa". Tare da ƙaruwar kwararar baƙi daga Turai, akwai ƙaruwar goyon bayan jama'a ga ilimi don ƙarfafa tsarin ƙa'idodi da ayyukan al'adu na yau da kullun waɗanda yawancin 'yan ƙasa za su riƙe su iri ɗaya. Ana ɗaukar ilimi a matsayin babbar hanyar da ake bi wajen haɗa 'yan tsiraru.<ref> Anderson, Shannon Latkin (2016). Immigration, Assimilation, and the Cultural Construction of American National Identity. New York: Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 9781138100411.</ref> == Duba kuma == *HaɗakaSauya Lambobi *Daidaita *Gyaran al'adu *Haɗakar al'adu *Haɗakar al'adu *Haɗakar al'adu *Kisan kare dangi na al'adu *Baƙin al'adu *Rashin mulkin mallaka na al'adu *Rashin rarrabuwar al'adu *Rashin rarrabuwar al'adu *Siyasar Diaspora *Rahoton Durham *Gina al'umma *Ƙungiyar sha'awar ƙabila *Dangantakar ƙabila *Ƙabi'a *Haɗakar da aka tilastaJuyawa tilas *Duniya *Ƙarfin iko *Tsarin baƙi da mai masaukin baki *Shiga da ƙaura da laifuka *BaƙiSadar da al'adu *Ƙwarewar al'adu *Mutuwar harshe *Canjin harshe *Leitkultur *Mankurt *Tushe Mai Narkewa *Ƙasa *Ƙungiyar al'umma mai kama da juna *Kishin ƙasa *Daidaita siyasa *Haɗakar launin fata *Rarraba launin fata *Murmurewa (siyasa) *Haɗakar addini *Siyasar girmamawa *Haɗakar zamantakewa *Ilimin zamantakewa na launin fata da ƙabila dangantaka *Sovietization ==== Takamaiman al'adu:==== *Anglicilation *Larabci *Kiristanci *Croatisation *Francization *Jarmanciization *Hellenization *Hispanicsization *Indiyanciation *Musulunci *Italiyanci *Japanization *Javaniization *Lithuanization *Magyarization *Malayization *Norwegianization *Pashtunization *Persianization *Polonization *Russification *Romanianization *Romanization *Sanskritisation *Serbianisation *Sinicization *Slavicization *Slovakisation *Swedification *Ukrainization *Thaification *Turkification *Vietnamization (al'adu) *Gerim *"Ya fi Irish fiye da Irish kansu" *Zaratan da aka sace (na 'yan asalin Australiya) == Littattafan tarihi == *Alba, Richard D.; Nee, Victor (2003). Remaking the American Mainstream. Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01813-6. *Armitage, Andrew (1995). Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0459-2. *Crispino, James A. (1980). The Assimilation of Ethnic Groups: The Italian Case. Center for Migration Studies. ISBN 978-0-913256-39-8. *Drachsler, Julius (1920). Democracy and Assimilation: The Blending of Immigrant Heritages in America. Macmillan. *Gordon, Milton M. Daedalus Yetman (ed.). "Assimilation in America: Theory and Reality". Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 90 (2). Boston, Mass.: 245–258 *Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press. *Grauman, Robert A. (1951). Methods of studying the cultural assimilation of immigrants. University of London. *Kazal, R. A. (April 1995). "Revisiting Assimilation". American Historical Society. 100. *Murguía, Edward (1975). Assimilation, Colonialism, and the Mexican American People. University of Texas at Austin: Center for Mexican American Studies. ISBN 978-0-292-77520-6. *Zhou, Min (Winter 1997). "Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation". International Migration Review. 31 (4, Special Issue: Immigrant Adaptation and Native–Born Responses in the Making of Americans): 975–1008. doi:10.1177/019791839703100408. PMID 12293212. S2CID 20588618. *Zhou, Min; Carl L. Bankston (1998). Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States. Vol. III. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-87154-995-2. External links == Manazarta == lygrglnk2rpn7gbrnys07dsom8ebyk3 Gidauniyar H2O Africa 0 159961 891547 886030 2026-08-05T01:12:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gidauniyar H2O Africa''' wata ƙungiyar mai zaman kanta ce (NGO) wadda Matt Damon ya kafa don faɗakar da mutane game da ayyukan samar da tabbataccen ruwa mai tsafta a Afirka. Tana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen balaguro da fim ɗin gaskiya na Running the Sahara wanda Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, da Independent Producers Alliance suka ɗauki nauyi. A cikin watan Yulin 2009, Gidauniyar H2O Africa ta haɗe da WaterPartners don kafa Water.org, ƙungiyar da Matt Damon da Gary White na WaterPartners suka haɗa gwiwa wajen kafawa.<ref>[http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ Damon joins K.C. organization to provide for developing communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225000821/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2009/07/15/waterpartners-actor-damon-create-waterorg/ |date=2012-02-25 }} AP, July 15, 2009</ref> == Tarihi == Lokacin da Matt Damon da abokan aikinsa na shirye-shirye Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, da Keith Quinn suka fara aiki a kan tsara balaguro da fim don Running the Sahara, Damon ya sami dabarar ƙaddamar da wani shiri na sadaka. An ƙaddamar da shi a hukumance a cikin bazaran shekara ta 2006, kuma an ɗauki Richard Klopp a matsayin babban darektan ƙaddamarwa.<ref>[http://afchive.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/09/12/damon_spices_up_fund_raiser/ Damon spices up fund-raiser - The Boston Globe<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lokacin da mai kuɗaɗen fim na IPA ya shigo cikin shirin, an sanya wa gidauniyar suna a hukumance H2O Africa kuma an sanar da ita a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2006 yayin taron ONEXONE a bikin Fim na Duniya na Toronto.<ref>[http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php Actor Matt Damon aims to create public awareness of the water crisis with H2O Africa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422082546/http://www.globalwaterchallenge.org/resources/story-9.php |date=2008-04-22 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> An kafa ta ne azaman reshen sadaka na aikin fim ɗin Running the Sahara, da nufin tara kuɗi da faɗakarwa ga ƙungiyoyi irin su Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, da aikin Millennium Promise. A ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2007, H2O Africa ta sanar da sabon haɗin gwiwa da Gidauniyar Ryan's Well.<ref>[http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm Ryan's Well Foundation and the H2O Africa Foundation Announce Partnership for Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411001026/http://www.h2oafrica.org/pressrelease3.htm |date=2008-04-11 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml Ryan's Well and H2O Africa Join Forces For Clean Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929081014/http://www.positivenews.org.uk/artman/publish/article_1238.shtml |date=2007-09-29 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> == Ayyuka == {{update-section|date=October 2014}} H2O Africa ta kasance da hannu a cikin ayyuka kamar haka: * '''Shirin Matasan Duniya Domin Tsaftataccen Ruwa''': H2O Africa tana taimaka wa Gidauniyar Ryan's Well wajen tara kuɗi don wannan aikin ta hanyar ninka duk wani tallafi da aka bayar dala-da-dala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |title=H2O Africa Partnership Project |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827002639/http://www.ryanswell.ca/projects/water_projects.asp?projectid=48 |archive-date=2007-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar wannan aikin ita ce inganta lafiya, jin daɗi, da tsafta a makarantu 15 zuwa 20 a gundumomin Lira da Oyam a yankin Lango na ƙasar Uganda. Bugu da ƙari, aikin zai kuma ba da horo kan tsaftar muhalli a makarantu 90 a gundumomin biyu, gyarawa ko gina wuraren samar da ruwa mai tsafta guda 25, da kuma gina banɗaki na zamani (VIP latrines) guda 10. Ana sa ran za a fara ginin a watan Satumba na shekara ta 2007. * '''Route Nations''': H2O Africa, tare da haɗin gwiwar Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), suna gina hasumiyar ruwa da famfunan ruwa guda biyu a ƙauyen Néré Walo, ƙasar Mauritania.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |title=Project Update - Route Nations |access-date=2007-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718210710/http://www.h2oafrica.org/route.htm |archive-date=2007-07-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007, an kusan kammala aikin. * '''Kauyen Millennium''': H2O Africa tana haɗin gwiwa da Millennium Promise don tara kuɗi don aikin Millennium Village a Timbuktu, ƙasar Mali. Aikin ya ƙunshi haɓaka shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don inganta tattalin arzikin gida a fannoni kamar makamashi da ababen more rayuwa, ayyukan samar da abinci mai gina jiki, da daidaiton jinsi.<ref>[http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions Millennium Promise - Interventions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814002722/http://www.millenniumpromise.org/site/PageServer?pagename=mv_interventions |date=2007-08-14 }} retrieved 4 Aug 2007</ref> Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007, aikin ya sami kashi 22% na burin kuɗaɗen da yake buƙata na dala $1,750,000. * '''Aikin Rijiya na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya''': H2O Africa tana haɗuwa da Living Water International don gina sabbin rijiyoyi 20 a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, tare da bayar da tallafin kula da waɗannan rijiyoyin na tsawon shekaru 5. Aikin kuma yana da nufin taimakawa wajen inganta kulawar al'umma game da albarkatun ruwa a wannan lokacin. H2O Africa ta ware dala $100,000 don aikin, tare da yin alkawarin ninka ƙarin dala $100,000 na tallafin da za a tara. Ƙungiyar ta tara kashi 72% na burin kuɗaɗenta ya zuwa watan Agusta 2007. * '''L'Desh Fresh''': Bayan da miliyoyin mutane a duk faɗin duniya suka neme shi, a ƙarshe ya shigo kasuwar Amurka a shekara ta 2009. Kwayoyin cuta (parasites), alamun fitsari, datti, da arsenic suna aiki tare don samar da dandano na halitta na L'Desh Fresh: Ruwan Sha mafi Inganci na Gaskiya a Duniya. Amma a ina ya ɓoye? Yayin da yake fara fitowa, mutane suna tambayar hakan. Sai dai cewa wasa ne kawai. To, kusan haka yake. Kamfen ɗin L'Desh Fresh an ƙirƙira shi ne ta kamfanin tallace-tallace na Sullivan Higdon & Sink (SHS) wanda ya sami kyaututtuka a Kansas City, don ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta da ke KC, wato Water.org. Kusan shekaru ashirin, Water.org tana aiki don samar wa mutane a ƙasashe masu tasowa ruwan sha mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli. SHS ta tashi tsaye don taimakawa wajen faɗakarwa da tallafawa wannan manufa, kyauta ba tare da biya ba.{{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} == Abokan haɗin gwiwa na sadaka == * ONEXONE * Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund * ONE Campaign * A Glimmer of Hope Foundation * Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP) * Millennium Promise * Gidauniyar Ryan's Well == Duba kuma == * Matt Damon * Running the Sahara * Water.org == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.aglimmerofhope.org A Glimmer of Hope Foundation] * [http://www.h2oafrica.org/ H2O Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070720135346/http://www.water.cc/main.aspx Living Water International] * [http://www.millenniumpromise.org Millennium Promise] * [http://www.onexonecampaign.com OneXOne Campaign] * [http://www.rcgf.org Renaissance Charitable Gift Fund] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106080221/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/runningthesahara/ Running the Sahara] 5zrzpy1jlc9do0loiwvc9l3h2bak7yf Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Belau 0 159972 891541 869427 2026-08-04T23:31:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891541 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="5" |Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Belau | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Belau_National_Museum.JPG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="14" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Belau National Museum","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4881995"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Belau National Museum"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4881995"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[134.47611111111112,7.336388888888888],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Belau National Museum","marker-symbol":"museum"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsohon sunan&nbsp; | class="infobox-data nickname" |Gidan kayan gargajiya na Palau |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |1955 |- class="adr" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data locality" |[[Koror]], Palau |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ma'auni | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Belau_National_Museum&params=7_20_11_N_134_28_34_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°20′11′′N</span> <span class="longitude">134°28′34′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.33639°N 134.47611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">7.33639; 134.47611</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Belau_National_Museum&params=7_20_11_N_134_28_34_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">7°20′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">134°28′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">7.33639°N 134.47611°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">7.33639; 134.47611</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Irin wannan | class="infobox-data" |Gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Daraktan | class="infobox-data agent" |Olympia E. Morei-Remengesau |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://belaunationalmuseum.pw/ belaunationalmuseum.pw] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251019024034/https://belaunationalmuseum.pw/ |date=2025-10-19 }}</span> |} '''Gidan kayan gargajiya na Palau''' ('''BNM''') wanda a da Gidan Tarihi na Palau ne, gidan tarihi ne da ke Koror, Palau. Shi ne gidan tarihi mafi tsufa da ake gudanarwa akai-akai a Micronesia. == Tarihi == An kafa gidan tarihin a shekarar 1955. Ita ce gidan tarihi mafi tsufa da ke ci gaba da gudana a Micronesia; da farko ana kiranta Palau Museum, daga baya ta canza sunansa. Wadanda suka kafa gidan tarihin sun hada da Palauans Indalecio Rudimch, Francisco Morei, Alphonso Oiterong da kuma masanin ilmin dan adam Francis M Mahoney. Asalin gidan tarihin yana cikin tsohon Ofishin Yanayi na Gwamnatin Japan, daga baya aka mayar da gidan tarihin zuwa wani sabon gini, wanda Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar China ta dauki nauyinsa. Daga shekarar 1955 har zuwa lokacin da aka mayar da shi a shekarar 1970, Kwamitin Gidajen Tarihi ne ke gudanar da gidan tarihin. A shekarar 1970, an mayar da gidan tarihin zuwa wani gini mai hawa biyu a Lambun Botanical na Palau. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dark |first=Philip J.C. |date=1988 |title=Museums in Micronesia |journal=Pacific Arts Newsletter |issue=26 |pages=12–20 |jstor=23408934}}</ref> [[Fayil:Plaque_showing_the_funding_of_the_Republic_of_China_at_Belau_National_Museum.jpg|alt=File:Plaque showing the funding of the Republic of China at Belau National Museum.jpg|left|thumb|Alamar kuɗi a Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Belau, Palau, an kammala shi a watan Yulin 2004 tare da tallafi daga Jamhuriyar Sin (Taiwan) ]] [[Fayil:ROP_—_ROC_Culture_Industry_Project.jpg|alt=File:ROP — ROC Culture Industry Project.jpg|left|thumb|R.O.P. - R.O.-C. Al'adu Masana'antu Shirin A Gidan Tarihi na Belau]] A cikin 1973 tsarin gudanarwa na gidan kayan gargajiya ya canza zuwa ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin kwamitin amintattu.<ref name=":0"/> == Gine-gine == Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da wuraren baje kolin guda biyu, ɗakunan hotunan da ke da iska mai sanyaya, ofisoshi da shago.<ref name=":0"/> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2006, filin baje kolin bene na farko ya nuna al'adun gargajiya da zane-zane na Palau, gami da kudi (''[[udoud]]'') da kuma bikin sayen gida da aka sani da ''[[ocheraol]].'' . A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya mai faɗi akwai ɗakin karatu na littattafai sama da 5000 da suka shafi tarihin da al'adun Palau.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hezel |first=Francis X. |date=3 April 2015 |title=From the Archives: Resources on Micronesia |journal=The Journal of Pacific History |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=213–223 |doi=10.1080/00223344.2015.1046212 |s2cid=164292923}}</ref> Har ila yau akwai dokar Harruo Remeliik, shugaban Palau na farko. == Tarin abubuwa == Gidan kayan gargajiya yana nuna kayan tarihi daga dukkan fannoni na rayuwar mutanen Palau, kamar zane-zane, daukar hoto, siffofi da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belau National Museum & Bai |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/palau/attractions/belau-national-museum-bai/a/poi-sig/441180/362822 |access-date=20 July 2018 |website=Lonely Planet}}</ref> Koyaya, a cewar [[Philip Dark]], saboda rashin tsaro a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, a shekara ta 1988 an sace abubuwa da yawa masu muhimmanci.<ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 1988, tarin ya ƙunshi abubuwa sama da 1,000 da suka shafi tarihin tarihi, ilimin ɗan adam da kuma tarihin halittu na ƙasar. Akwai hotuna da dama a cikin tarin hotunan, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga lokutan mulkin mallaka na Japan da Jamus. Wannan taskar adana bayanai muhimmin bangare ne na wani aikin bincike da aka gudanar a tsakiyar shekarun 2000 don yin rikodin rayuwa a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Japan. A shekarar 2003, tarin kafofin watsa labarai ya gudanar da wani shiri na dijital, wanda Cibiyar Gidajen Tarihi da Ayyukan Laburare ta Amurka (IMLS) ta ba da tallafi ga Shugabanci na Ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=三田 |first=牧 |last2=Maki |first2=Mita |date=20 October 2009 |title=SER no.087; Introduction |journal=国立民族学博物館調査報告 |language=ja |volume=87 |doi=10.15021/00001107}}</ref> Gidan kayan gargajiya ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin rikodin al'adun al'adun Palau, gami da samar da taro. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin sayen gidan kayan gargajiya, ana yin hira da masu yin ayyukan da ake shiga cikin tarin kuma ana yin rikodin tsarin yin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Putt |first=Neal |date=June 2001 |title=Heritage conservation in the Pacific Islands |journal=Studies in Conservation |volume=46 |issue=sup1 |pages=61–72 |doi=10.1179/sic.2001.46.Supplement-1.61 |s2cid=218661728}}</ref> A cikin 2017 sashen kimiyyar halitta na gidan kayan gargajiya ya jagoranci binciken rayuwar tsuntsaye a wurin al'adun duniya na kudancin Tsibirin Rock . A wannan shekarar gidan kayan gargajiya ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimta tare da Gidan Tarihi na Kasa (Prague) don zurfafa dangantakar kimiyya tsakanin kasashen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muzeum |first=Národní |title=National Museum and Belau National Museum signed the memorandum of understanding |url=https://www.nm.cz/en/about-us/news/national-museum-and-belau-national-museum-signed-the-memorandum-of-understanding |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=National museum}}</ref> === ''Bai'' === A shekara ta 1969 an gina gidan taro na gargajiya na ƙauyen da aka sani da bai, don nunawa da adana salon gine-gine na gargajiya da ƙwarewa. Koyaya ya ƙone a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 1979. <ref name=":0"/> A farkon shekarun 1990s an sake gina bai ta amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kuma shine babban fasalin gidan kayan gargajiya a yau. ==== Hotuna ==== <gallery> Fayil:A_bai_in_Palau.jpg|Reconstructed bai (2007) Fayil:Details_on_a_bai_at_the_National_Museum_in_Palau.jpg|Details on the bai Fayil:BNM_Bai_interior.JPG|Interior of the bai Fayil:Palau_Museum_Bai_in_1970s.jpg|The first bai, c.1970s </gallery> === Tarin ƙasashen waje === Saboda gado na mulkin mallaka, ana gudanar da muhimman al'amuran al'adun Palauan a cikin tarin kasashen waje. Wadannan sun hada da; rikodin kiɗa na gargajiya da aka gudanar a Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diettrich |first=Brian |year=2016 |title=Chelitakl: Ongeatel Tekoi er a Belau er a Angaramong / Frühe Tonbandaufnahmen aus Palau / Early Reel-to-Reel Recordings from Palau/Sound Memories of Past Palau: Music in Belau 1965-1966/15 Favorite Japanese-Influenced Palauan Songs / Derrebechesiil |journal=Yearbook for Traditional Music |volume=48 |pages=232–233, 251 |doi=10.5921/yeartradmusi.48.2016.0232 |jstor=10.5921/yeartradmusi.48.2016.0232 |id={{ProQuest|1849629619}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> musamman kayan ado da aka gudanar da su a Gidajen Tarihi na Glasgow, pandanus fiber mats daga Sonsorol a Gidan Gida na Scotland. Har ila yau, sun haɗa da kayan Palauan daga ƙarni na goma sha takwas da aka gudanar a [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya]]: kwano na katako mai kama da tsuntsu, zane-zanen mai da jirgin ruwa mai kama da jirgin ruwa, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x322489 |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}</ref> A cikin 2005 an mayar da kayan dijital na rikodin filin da aka yi a Palau a cikin shekarun 1960 zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya. ==== Gidan kayan gargajiya na Palau da aka gudanar a kasashen waje ==== <gallery> Fayil:Men's_club_house,_Palau,_1907_-_Südseeabteilung_-_Ethnological_Museum,_Berlin_-_DSC00974.JPG|Bai at [[Gidan Tarihi na Ethnological na Berlin|Ethnological Museum, Berlin]] Fayil:Dilukai_from_the_Caroline_Islands,_Belau_(Palau),_19th-early_20th_century,_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg|Dilukai from the Caroline Islands, Belau (Palau), 19th-early 20th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art Fayil:Necklace,_sea_urchin_spines,_Palau,_1912_-_Staatlichen_Museums_für_Völkerkunde_München_-_DSC08295.JPG|Sea urchin spine necklace, Staatlichen Museums für Völkerkunde München Fayil:National_Museum_of_Ethnology,_Osaka_-_Story_boards_-_Palau.jpg|Storyboards, National Museum Ethnology, Osaka Fayil:Artifacts_from_Alaska_and_Palau_-_Museum_of_Cultures_(Helsinki)_-_DSC04977.JPG|Alaskan and Palauan objects in National Museum of Finland. </gallery> == Shahararrun mutane == * Faustina K. Rehuher-Marugg (1979 - 2009). <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Faustina Rehuher-Marugg Appointed as Minister of Community and Cultural Affairs by ROP President |url=https://www.belaunationalmuseum.net/news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909053424/http://belaunationalmuseum.net/news.html |archive-date=2018-09-09 |access-date=2021-10-01 |website=Belau National Museum - Ngesechel a Cherechar}}</ref> * Olympia E. Morei-Remengesau (2009 zuwa yanzu). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Staff - Belau National Museum |url=https://www.belaunationalmuseum.net/staff.html |access-date=2021-10-01 |website=www.belaunationalmuseum.net}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=MPTF Informal Economies Recovery Project - Partner Spotlight |url=http://www.ilo.org/suva/public-information/WCMS_799624/lang--en/index.htm |access-date=2021-10-01 |website=www.ilo.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fadiman |first=Maria G. |last2=Thomas |first2=Michael B. |last3=Morei |first3=Olympia E. |last4=Kitalong |first4=Ann H. |last5=Hanser |first5=Sholeh |date=4 October 2018 |title=Globalization and Tradition in Palau: Case Study of the Syncretic Omengat (First Child Birth) and Ngasech Ceremonies |url=https://journals.flvc.org/flgeog/article/view/107014 |journal=The Florida Geographer |volume=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MOA Signed Between Belau National Museum and Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment, and Tourism {{!}} SPC-R2R |url=https://www.pacific-r2r.org/news/moa-signed-between-belau-national-museum-and-ministry-natural-resources-environment-and |access-date=2021-10-01 |website=www.pacific-r2r.org}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi na kasa * Jerin gidajen tarihi a Palau == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nh88vb31dwaqvrkjlhrg1t17utneuuj Gary Beals 0 160161 891516 870804 2026-08-04T21:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891516 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Gary Beals|image=|caption=|image_size=|Background=solo_singer|Birth_name=Gary Beals|Alias=|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1982|10|25}}|birth_place=[[Halifax, Nova Scotia]]|death_date=|Origin=[[Cherry Brook, Nova Scotia]]|Instrument=Vocals|Genre=[[Gospel music|Gospel]], [[RnB]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Melanson |first1=Jenna |title=Five Questions With Gary Beals |url=https://www.karyzmaagency.ca/global-news-interviews-rb-recording-artist-gary-beals/ |website=canadianbeats.ca |publisher=Canadian Beats Media |access-date=17 September 2022 |date=9 October 2020 |quote=listening to classic soul artists such as Al Green, Aretha Franklin, and Otis Redding and being captivated by music legends, Whitney Houston and Michael Jackson, is what influenced my soulful/R&B sound.}}</ref>|Occupation=Singer-songwriter|Years_active=2002–present|Label=|Associated_acts=[[Ryan Malcolm]]|website=}}{{Reflist}}'''Gary Beals''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1982) mawaƙi ne na Kanada wanda aka fi sani da kasancewa mai tsere <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2018 |title=Province Congratulates Gary Beals |url=https://novascotia.ca/news/release/?id=20030917001 |access-date=19 December 2020 |website=Nova Scotia.ca}}</ref> a gwagwalada farkon kakar jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na gaskiya na Canadian Idol . Shi mazaunin Cherry Brook ne, Nova Scotia kuma an kira shi "Mutumin Halifamous mafi kyau na 2003" ta The Coast . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Halifamous Person 2003 |url=https://www.thecoast.ca/halifax/best-halifamous-person/BestOf?oid=3156480 |access-date=2020-12-19 |website=The Coast Halifax |language=en}}</ref> Garin Yankin Halifax ya yi bikin "Ranar Gary Beals" a ranar 22 ga Watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=November 21, 2003 - HRM Media Room Press Releases 2003 |url=http://legacycontent.halifax.ca/mediaroom/pressrelease/pr2003/031121bealsday.php |access-date=2020-12-19 |website=legacycontent.halifax.ca}}</ref> Shi ɗan luwaɗi ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=letitia/Brooklyn |date=2020-12-13 |title=Gary Beals – Where Love Is Illegal |url=https://whereloveisillegal.com/gary-beals/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan ya zo na biyu ga Ryan Malcolm a kan Canadian Idol, ya fitar da CD na farko mai taken kansa a watan Agustan shekara ta 2004. Kundin sa na farko, ''Gary Beals'', ya shiga cikin labaran kundin Kanada a lamba 10 kuma ya ci gaba da sayar da kwafin 110,000. Kundin sa na biyu, The Rebirth Of... , a sake shi a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release party announcement for "The Rebirth Of..." |url=http://www.garybeals.com/documents/GaryB_Release.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193448/http://www.garybeals.com/documents/GaryB_Release.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=June 4, 2009}}</ref> A saki kundi na uku na studio, Bleed My Truth a ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Melanson |first=Jenna |date=October 9, 2020 |title=Five Questions With Gary Beals {{!}} Canadian Beats Media |url=https://canadianbeats.ca/2020/10/09/five-questions-with-gary-beals/ |access-date=2020-12-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> Waƙarsa ta farko daga cikin kundin, "Me For Me", 'yana game da kasancewa mai rauni kuma kada mu ji tsoron fallasa ɓangarorin kanmu. Yana game da yin tattaunawa mai gaskiya da gaskiya tare da waɗanda muke ƙauna. '<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2020 |title=Gary Beals – Where Love Is Illegal |url=https://whereloveisillegal.com/gary-beals/ |access-date=2020-12-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Album ! colspan="1" |Mafi girma ! rowspan="2" |Sayarwa |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! width="35" |CAN |- |2004 |'''''Gary Beals''''' Album na farko An saki: Agusta 17, 2004{{smalldiv|* Debut album * Released: August 17, 2004}} | align="center" |10 |{{smalldiv|* Sales: 110,000}} |- |2009 |'''''Sake Haihuwar ...''''' An saki kundi na biyu na studio: Yuni 9, 2009{{smalldiv|* Second studio album * Released: June 9, 2009}} | align="center" | - |{{smalldiv|* Sales: n/a}} |- |2020 |Bleed My Truth Album na uku da aka saki: Oktoba 23, 2020{{smalldiv|* Third studio album * Released: October 23, 2020}} | - |{{smalldiv|* Sales: n/a}} |- |2023 |An saki Melody A cikin kundi na huɗu: 27 ga Oktoba, 2023{{smalldiv|* Fourth studio album * Released: October 27, 2023}} | - |{{smalldiv|* Sales: n/a}} |- | colspan="5" align="center" |<small>" - " yana nuna kundin bai tsara ba.</small> === Ma'aurata === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Ɗaya daga cikin ! colspan="1" |Taswirar tasoshin ! rowspan="2" |Album |- style="font-size:smaller;" ! width="30" |<small>CAN</small> |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |"Daren bazara" | align="center" |4 | rowspan="3" |''Gary Beals'' |- |"Na canza" | align="center" | - |- |"Ba Ƙarfi" | align="center" | - |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |"Na san kana waje" | align="center" | - | rowspan="2" |''Sake Haihuwar ...'' |- |"Jump Off" (tare da Albarka) <small> (wanda ya fito da Albarka) </small> | align="center" | - |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |"Ni ne domin ni" | - | rowspan="2" |''Ya zubar da jini na Gaskiya'' |- |"Jinin Red Roses" | - |- |} " - " yana nuna sakin da ba su tsara ba. |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.garybeals.com/ Gary Beals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260207081417/http://garybeals.com/ |date=2026-02-07 }} - Shafin yanar gizon hukuma [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4j646q11ufu48plllp9izz1jwz46ge5 Gwajin Magungunan Magungunan Microscopic 0 160229 891566 871220 2026-08-05T04:28:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diagnostic|name=Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay|image=|alt=|caption=|pronounce=|purpose=test for tuberculosis|test of=|based on=|synonyms=|reference_range=|calculator=|DiseasesDB=<!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}-->|ICD10=<!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}-->|ICD9=|ICDO=|MedlinePlus=<!--article_number-->|eMedicine=<!--article_number-->|MeshID=|OPS301=<!--{{OPS301|code}}-->|LOINC=<!--{{LOINC|code}}-->}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue; color:inherit;" |Gwajin Magungunan Magungunan Microscopic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Manufar | class="infobox-data" |gwajin tarin fuka |} Gwajin Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) hanya ce ta al'adu da aka nuna ta fi hankali, sauri da kuma rahusa fiye da gwaje-gwajen al'adu na yanzu don tarin fuka. Gwajin Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) ya haɗa da lura kai tsaye na Mycobacterium tarin fuka kuma a lokaci guda yana ba da juriya ga miyagun ƙwayoyi. == Tarihin MODS == Binciken fasalulluka na Mycobacterium tarin fuka wanda ya haifar da ci gaban MODS an danganta shi ga Luz Caviedes <ref>{{Cite web |title=Diagnosing TB on the Cheap {{!}} Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health Magazine |url=https://magazine.publichealth.jhu.edu/2012/diagnosing-tb-on-the-cheap |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=magazine.publichealth.jhu.edu |language=en}}</ref> yana aiki a ƙarƙashin kulawar Farfesa na Lafiya na Duniya Robert Gilman a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Binciken aiki da gyaran tsarin MODS ya kasance sakamakon hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwarsa na kasa da kasa wanda ya shafi Jami'ar Cayetano Heredia, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Johns Hopkins Bloomberg da Kwalejin Imperial ta London. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da ci gaba da aiwatar da MODS a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na yanki ta hanyar Laboratory na Kasa na Peruvian a Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa da Shirin Kula da Tubergine na Kasa, wannan rukuni yanzu yana jagorantar binciken fassarar hadin gwiwa (wanda Wellcome Trust ke tallafawa) wanda ke da niyyar amsa tambayar "me ita ce hanya mafi kyau don amfani da MODS cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen da aka iyakance hanya?"{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> WHO ta ba da shawarar MODS a matsayin mafita ta wucin gadi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke jiran aiwatar da hanyoyin al'adun ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Minion J, Leung E, Menzies D, Pai M |year=2010 |title=Microscopic-observation drug susceptibility and thin layer agar assays for the detection of drug resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=688&ndash;698 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70165-1 |pmid=20813587}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|1}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Haɗin waje == * http://modsperu.org * [http://www.modsperu.org/articles/Moore_2006_NEJM_MODS.pdf Labarin MODS a cikin NEJM 2006:]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Tuberculosis}}  [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sazece9mlbdzneu3d5tfuatjf7d2xmm Gray Wielebinski 0 160347 891558 872186 2026-08-05T02:49:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gray Wielebinski''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1991 Dallas, TX) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fannoni da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tindle |first=Hannah |date=2020-04-28 |title=Gray Wielebinski |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/projects/article/48781/1/gray-wielebinski-artist-biography-dazed-100-2020-profile |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[Dazed]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sidhu |first=TJ |date=November 17, 2021 |title=Artist Gray Wielebinski finds magic in myth-making |url=https://theface.com/culture/gray-wielebinski-artist-lgbtq-gender-constructs-culture-vol4-issue8 |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[The Face (magazine)|The Face]] |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413220521/https://theface.com/culture/gray-wielebinski-artist-lgbtq-gender-constructs-culture-vol4-issue8 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AnOther |date=2023-09-26 |title=Gray Wielebinski's Apocalyptic Art Asks the Big Questions |url=https://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/15130/gray-wielebinski-ica-exhibition-the-red-sun-is-high-the-blue-low |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=AnOther |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukansa sun haɗa da bidiyo, wasan kwaikwayo, collage, shigarwa, zane-zane da kuma bincika jigogi na tatsuniyoyi, ainihi, jinsi, ƙasa, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.<ref name="Artsy">{{Cite web |last=Sutton |first=Benjamin |date=2020-09-11 |title=The Artsy Vanguard 2020: Gray Wielebinski |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-artsy-vanguard-2020-gray-wielebinski |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=[[Artsy]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Wielebinski ya halarci makarantar Nationale Supérieure des Arts Appliqués et des Métiers d'Art (ENSAAMA Olivier de Serres) a shekarar 2012. Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Pomona tare da BA a cikin Studio Art a shekarar 2014. A cikin 2018, ya kammala karatu tare da MFA daga Slade School of Fine Art, UCL, London, Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doble |first=Peach |title=Gray Wielebinski & Dateagle Art |url=https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/article/gray-wielebinski-and-dateagle-art-the-middle-is-the-message |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Metal Magazine |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413220521/https://metalmagazine.eu/en/post/article/gray-wielebinski-and-dateagle-art-the-middle-is-the-message |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-26 |title=Interview: Gray Wielebinski On Investigating Myth Making & Gender In Their New Show 'Dark Air' |url=https://somethingcurated.com/2019/07/26/interview-gray-wielebinski-on-investigating-myth-making-gender-in-their-new-show-dark-air/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=Something Curated |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A cikin shekarar 2020, an lissafa Wielebinski a matsayin mai karɓar The Artsy Vanguard 2020. <ref name="Artsy"/> Daga baya a wannan shekarar yana da nune-nunen solo guda biyu, daya a Gallery 12.26 a Dallas da kuma nune-nun solo a London a Hales Gallery . Ya nuna aikin Mechanical Bull, mai taken Pain and Glory, a Bold Tendencies a Peckham Levels daga cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2022-05-10 |title=Art shows to leave the house for this May |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/56070/1/art-photography-exhibitions-may-2022-london-new-york |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bold Tendencies {{!}} Programme |url=https://boldtendencies.com/programme/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2023, Wielebinski yana da nune-nunen kansa, The Red Sun is High, the Blue Low, a ICA London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steer |first=Emily |date=2023-09-21 |title=Gray Wielebinski's Powerful Installations Deconstruct Myths of American History |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-gray-wielebinskis-powerful-installations-deconstruct-myths-american-history |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref> Taken nune- nunen yana nuni ne ga wata kasida ("Kimanin Kalmomi 5,750") ta marubucin almara na kimiyya Samuel R. Delany . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Duke |first=Donna Marcus |date=2023-10-04 |title='I'm Trying to Maintain an Intense Ambivalence': Gray Wielebinski in Conversation |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/gray-wielebinski-interview-2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017174429/https://www.frieze.com/article/gray-wielebinski-interview-2023 |archive-date=2023-10-17 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2024, Wielebinski yana da ɗakin solo a Frieze London, inda ya nuna siffofin katako bisa ga bindigogi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Conversations in ‘Focus’ at Frieze London 2025 |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/five-themes-focus-frieze-london-2025 |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=Frieze}}</ref> == Tarin abubuwa == * Gidan Tarihi na Los Angeles County (LACMA), Los Angeles, CA <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gray Wielebinski {{!}} LACMA Collections |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/2264138 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=collections.lacma.org |archive-date=2023-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414182254/https://collections.lacma.org/node/2264138 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gidan Tarihi na Benton, Claremont, CA <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Benton Museum of Art at Pomona College - |url=https://embarkweb1.campus.pomona.edu/objects-1/portfolio?records=50&query=keywordPath%20=%20%22NI%22%20and%20Century%20=%20%2221st%20c%22&sort=0 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=embarkweb1.campus.pomona.edu}}</ref> == Littattafai == * Gray Wielebinski: Red Sun yana da tsawo, Blue Low (ICA London), 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICA {{!}} Book Launch: The Red Sun is High, the Blue Low |url=https://www.ica.art/book-launch-gray-wielebinski |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=www.ica.art}}</ref> * Katunan Baseball Ɗari (Littattafan Baron), 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICA {{!}} Book & Edition Launch: Gray Wielebinski & Baron Books |url=https://www.ica.art/learning/gray-wielebinski-baron-books |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=www.ica.art}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] arubb99g68o1rrf7boriy59dw6fqjyp Gidan shakatawa na Jihar Shikellamy 0 160384 891546 872427 2026-08-05T00:46:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  {{Wide image|Shikellamy State Park Overlook Panorama.JPG|1400px|Shikellamy State Park Duba yanayin da ke kewaye da [[confluence (geography)|confluence]] na [[West Branch Susquehanna River]] (hagu) da North Reshen (tsakiya) na [[Susquehanna River]], tare da gundumomin [[Northumberland, Pennsylvania|Northumberland]] (hagu) da [[Sunbury, Pennsylvania|Sunbury]] (dama can nesa). Lura cewa sashen Shikellamy State Park Marina da ke tsibirin Packer shi ma yana bayyane, kodayake an riga an ɗauki tashoshin jiragen ruwa don hunturu lokacin da aka ɗauki wannan hoton.}}'''Gidan shakatawa na Jihar Shikellamy''' wani wurin shakatawa ne na jihar [[Pennsylvania]] mai girman kadada 240 (97 wanda ke wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Susquehanna da Kogin Squehanna a Pennsylvania. An raba wurin shakatawa zuwa sassa biyu. Sashe mafi tsufa, a kan dutse a yammacin kogin Susquehanna, shine {{Convert|78|acre}} Shikellamy overlook a Union Township, Union County. Sabon ɓangaren shi ne tashar Jirgin ruwa mai kadada 54 (22 ha) a kudancin tsibirin Packer a Upper Augusta Township, Northumberland County. Tsibirin Packer yana tsakanin birnin Sunbury da yankin Northumberland a wurin haɗuwar rassan biyu na kogin. == Tarihi == An sanya sunan Shikellamy State Park don girmama Shikellamys, wani shugaban Iroquois. Cif Shikellamy ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin iyakar a [[Pennsylvania]]. Ya kasance aboki na 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma masu mulkin mallaka na Amurka na karni na 18. Garin Shikellamy yana kusa da inda sashin kallon wurin shakatawa yake a yau. An buɗe filin shakatawa na Jihar Shikellamy a matakai biyu. An buɗe wurin ga baƙi a cikin 1960; tashar jiragen ruwa ta buɗe shekaru 12 bayan haka, a cikin 1972. <ref name="shiksp"/> == Adam T. Bower Memorial Dam == Adam T. Bower Memorial Dam (kuma Sunbury Fabridam ko Fabri Dam) ita ce [[madatsar ruwa]] mafi tsawo a duniya kuma tana riƙe da Kogin Susquehanna . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adam T. Bower Dam |url=http://www.pavalleys.com/common/property.asp?DirectoryID=357 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824015045/http://www.pavalleys.com/common/property.asp?DirectoryID=357 |archive-date=August 24, 2005 |access-date=2006-07-29}}</ref> Dam din yana ƙasa da haɗuwar Yamma da Arewacin rassan Susquehanna, tsakanin garuruwan Shamokin Dam da Sunbury. Dam din yana da tsawon mita 2,100 (640 . Lokacin da aka tashe shi a lokacin rani, yana haifar da {{Convert|3000|acre}} Lake Augusta, wanda ake amfani da shi don nishaɗi.<ref name="fix dam">{{Cite web |last=Finnerty |first=John |date=2005-05-07 |title=State to fix inflatable dam |url=http://archive.dailyitem.com/archive/2005/0507/local/stories/03local.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930152414/http://archive.dailyitem.com/archive/2005/0507/local/stories/03local.htm |archive-date=2007-09-30 |access-date=2006-07-15 |website=The Daily Item}}</ref> Dam da tafkin suna daga cikin Shikellamy State Park. An sanya sunan madatsar ruwan ne ga Adam T. Bower, Babban magatakarda na Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania daga 1967-68 kuma Darakta na Ayyuka a lokacin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Pennsylvania ta 1967-68, ta Dokar 2001-5 ta Babban Taron Pennsylvania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=HOUSE BILL No. 678 Session of 2001 |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/BI/BT/2001/0/HB0678P0751.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126123203/http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/BI/BT/2001/0/HB0678P0751.HTM |archive-date=2005-11-26 |access-date=2006-07-29}}</ref> Akwai [https://web.archive.org/web/20070818031200/http://www.degensteinlibrary.org/River%20Front%20Site%20Plan/by%20chapter/04_MasterSitePlan.pdf Shirye-shiryen da ke gudana] don ƙara tsani na kifi ga madatsar ruwan. Matakan kifi shine da farko don ba da damar Inuwa ta Amurka don samun damar saman Susquehanna.<ref name="fix dam"/> === Dam din Shamokin === A wannan shafin akwai madatsar ruwan Shamokin da ta gabata. Wannan madatsar ruwan ta ci gaba da isasshen matakin ruwa don zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a fadin Susquehanna daga Shamokin (yanzu Sunbury) zuwa bankin yamma. An lalata shi a watan Maris, 1904 ta hanyar fashewar inci 22 (56 (56 cm). Wannan madatsar ruwan ce da aka sanya wa garin Shamokin Dam na yammacin bankin suna.&nbsp; Akwai wani, wanda ke akwai, madatsar ruwa mai laushi mai nisan kilomita 1.2 (1.9) a cikin rafi, don Shamokin Dam Power Plant == Wasanni == === Ra'ayoyin da aka gani === [[Fayil:View_from_the_Shikellamy_State_Park_overlook_(July_2015).JPG|left|thumb|Ra'ayi yana kallon arewa maso gabas daga filin shakatawa na Jihar Shikellamy]] [[Fayil:Shikellamy_State_Park_cliff.JPG|left|thumb|Dutsen filin shakatawa na Jihar Shikellamy]] Overlook ya kasance muhimmiyar alama ce ta kwarin Susquehanna na ƙarni da yawa. Kafin mazauna Moravian su zauna a kwarin a karni na 18, hanyar Penns creek ta fara kuma ta ƙare inda hanyar layin gundumar ke zaune yanzu, muhimmiyar hanyar dabara ga 'yan asalin Amurka a yankin. Hanyar ta gudana daga Frankstown, ta hanyar New Berlin, kuma daga ƙarshe zuwa Northumberland. A cikin shekarun 1840, dutsen ya kasance gidan John Mason, wani baƙo wanda ya gina hasumiyar kallo wanda ya rataye a kusurwar digiri 45 na dutsen. An rushe hasumiyar a 1864. A shekara ta 1894, an gina wani kyakkyawan otal inda gidan sarauta na yanzu yake, kuma otal ɗin ya ƙone zuwa ƙasa a shekara ta 1898. A farkon karni na 20, mazauna yankin suna yawan zuwa dutsen don shakatawa da nishaɗi, sau da yawa a abin da ake kira dutsen tebur. Masu hakar ma'adinai masu arziki sun yi ƙoƙari su tono dutsen, da fatan gano ma'adanai masu mahimmanci, amma ba su yi nasara ba, wanda ya haifar da karamin yanke wanda ke ba da bayyanar kogo, duk da haka, babu koguna a ko'ina a cikin dutsen. A cikin shekaru, an kafa sansanonin 'yan kallo da sansanonin farfadowa a ƙasar, kuma a cikin 1960 jihar ta buɗe wurin shakatawa na jama'a a ƙasar. Shikellamy Overlook yana ba da kyawawan wurare guda biyu. Suna da ƙafa 360 (110 sama da haɗuwar Kogin Susquehanna na Yamma da Kogin Suscuehanna na Arewa. Mutum na iya samun ra'ayi na koguna na arewa da yamma da kuma ra'ayi da ido na tsuntsaye na Northumberland, Sunbury, da Hummels Wharf . <ref name="shiksp"/> Wani nau'i biyu na fararen fata da ke cikin haɗari sun kafa gida mai nasara a kan tsaunuka a ƙasa da kallon wuri. Ita ce kawai ta uku da aka sani da "gidan daji" wanda tsuntsaye suka gina a jihar. Yawancin sauran nau'ikan kiwo an gabatar da su a shafuka a duk faɗin jihar ta Hukumar Wasanni ta Pennsylvania.<ref name="wildnest">{{Cite web |last=Joe Kosack of the Pennsylvania Game Commission |title=Falcons build 'wild' nest in Union County |url=http://www.sungazette.com/page/content.detail/id/511792.html?nav=5013 |publisher=Williamsport Sun-Gazette}}</ref> === Gudun tafiya === [[Fayil:Trail_in_Shikellamy_State_Park.JPG|left|thumb|Hanyar Deer a cikin Shikellamy State Park]] Sassan biyu na Shikellamy State Park suna da hanyar tafiya. A wurin kallo akwai hanyar yanayi mai nisan mil daya (1.6 km). Masu hawan dutse a hankali za su sami damar lura da wasu dabbobin daji. Za su iya ganin doki mai farin wutsiya, tsuntsaye daban-daban da furanni iri-iri. Masu tafiya na iya lura da ci gaban gandun daji a wurin da ba a kula da su ba. Dajin yana canzawa daga gandun daji zuwa gandun daji mai tsayi. Marina tana kewaye da hanyoyin tafiya masu kyau ga waɗanda ke sha'awar yin tafiya tare da kogi da marina.<ref name="shiksp">{{Cite web |title=Shikellamy State Park |url=https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-parks/find-a-park/shikellamy-state-park |access-date=2026-01-19 |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources}}</ref>&nbsp; === Gudun ruwa === A farkon zuwa tsakiyar karni na 19, gina madatsar ruwa a fadin Kogin Susquehanna, kudu da birnin Sunbury, ya samar da wani tafki da aka sani da Tafkin Augusta. A shekarar 1874, wata ƙungiyar masu tuƙa kwale-kwale (masu rafting na katako da masunta masu shad) daga Shamokin Dam da Sunbury sun fafata a gasar regatta a Tafkin Augusta, suna tuƙa kwale-kwale a cikin tseren guda ɗaya da kuma na biyu. Masu tuƙa kwale-kwale daga Shamokin Dam sun yi nasara a wannan ranar, inda suka lashe ganga ɗaya na fulawa, maɓallan hannun zinare da kofin azurfa, yayin da masu tuƙa kwale-kwale daga Sunbury suka yi alƙawarin cin nasara a shekara mai zuwa. Babban abin da ya fi shahara a wannan rana shi ne tseren "baho" inda masu tuƙa kwale-kwale iri ɗaya suka zauna a cikin baho kuma suka yi tafiya a kan ɗan gajeren hanya..{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2007}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Wasan kwale-kwale ya zama sanannen wasa a tsakiyar Pennsylvania, kuma a shekarar 1888 an gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙungiyoyin Masu Kole-kwale na Ƙasa a Tafkin Augusta. Masu kwale-kwale sun yi tafiya daga nesa kamar Kanada da Midwest don yin gasa, kuma an ruwaito cewa dubban masu kallo sun yi layi a gefen kogin. Yawan masu kallo ya yi yawa, kamfanonin jirgin ƙasa sun sake tura jiragen ƙasa don ɗaukar jama'a.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2007}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Yin kwale-kwale a tsakiyar Pennsylvania ya shahara har sai da ƙanƙara ta yi ambaliya a shekarar 1904 ta rusa madatsar ruwan da ta sanya yanayi ya dace da wasan. A shekarar 1968, an kafa sabuwar madatsar ruwa mai hura iska wadda ta ba da damar kwale-kwale ya dawo a hankali. A farkon shekarun 1980, Jami'ar Bucknell ta kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikata, kuma a farkon shekarun 1990, Jami'ar Susquehanna tana da ƙungiyarta. Kusan ƙarshen ƙarni na ƙarshe, an kafa ƙungiyar masters, Ƙungiyar kwale-kwale ta Tsakiyar Pennsylvania,. Ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji da ƙungiyar masters yanzu suna raba gidan kwale-kwale a Tafkin Augusta kusa da mahaɗar Hanyoyi 11 da 15, a arewacin Madatsar ruwan Shamokin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2007}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2007)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Fayil:Shikellamy_State_Park_Overlook_from_river.JPG|right|thumb|Shikellamy State Park Overlook yana kan dutsen da ke kallon Kogin Susquehanna na Yamma (kamar yadda aka gani daga yankin Marina na wurin shakatawa).]] === Marina da cibiyar bincike === Shikellamy Marina tana kan Kogin Susquehanna . Dam din da ya fi girma a duniya yana da mil uku (5 k daga wurin shakatawa. Wannan madatsar ruwan ta samar da Tafkin Augusta tare da bakin kogin. Tafkin Augusta yana da kadada 3,600 (1,500 . Manufar madatsar ruwan ita ce samar da jirgin ruwa na nishaɗi. Kogin / tafkin yawanci yana da zurfin {{Convert|6|ft}} m) a wannan lokacin.<ref name="shiksp"/>&nbsp; Farawa a cikin 2010 Lake Augusta Outfitters za su yi aiki da cikakken sabis na tashar jiragen ruwa a wurin shakatawa. Jiragen ruwa irin su kayak da canoes za su kasance don hayar yau da kullun ko sa'a daya. Bugu da ƙari za a buɗe shagon don samar da kayan lambu, kayan jirgin ruwa da iskar gas.<ref name="outfitters">{{Cite web |last=Vernon, Kena |date=2010-06-15 |title=New Addition to Shikellamy State Park |url=http://www.wnep.com/wnep-numb-shikellamy-new-addition,0,2430806.story |access-date=2010-06-17 |publisher=[[WNEP]] |archive-date=2010-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616210822/http://www.wnep.com/wnep-numb-shikellamy-new-addition,0,2430806.story |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sanar da shi a cikin 2010 cewa za a sake fasalin ginin tashar jiragen ruwa don manufar kafa da cibiyar ilimin muhalli a wurin shakatawa.<ref name="researchcenter">{{Cite web |last=Dandes, Rick |date=2010-03-06 |title=River research center gets $1.5M |url=http://www.dailyitem.com/homepage/local_story_065002824.html |access-date=2010-03-06 |publisher=The Daily Item }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aikin, wanda Susquehanna River Heartland Coalition for Environmental Studies za ta jagoranta, yana da niyyar inganta ingancin ruwa, inganta bincike, samar da ilimin muhalli da magance wasu damuwa da suka shafi kogin Susquehana. Binciken zai sa ido kan ingancin kogi a wurare 17 tare da West Branch tsakanin Lock Haven da Sunbury.<ref name="researchcenter" /> Kolejoji da jami'o'i shida da ke kwarin Susquehanna suna cikin hadin gwiwa. Dalibai daga Jami'ar Bloomsburg, Jami'ar Lock Haven, Jami'a Susquehanna, Jami'an Bucknell, Kwalejin Lycoming da Kwalejin Sarki za su yi amfani da sabon cibiyar a matsayin tushen aiki yayin gudanar da karatu a kan kogi. Kungiyar tana fatan kammala juyowa a shekara ta 2011.<ref name="researchcenter" /> === Jirgin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa ya shahara sosai a Shikellamy State Park. Kogin yana aiki tare da masu sha'awar jirgin ruwa da masu sha-awar tseren ruwa. Dukkanin nau'ikan jiragen ruwa suna da izini, idan dai an yi rajista da su daidai tare da jihar.<ref name="shiksp"/> === Kifi === Kifi babban abin jan hankali ne a Shikellamy State Park . Kogin Susquehanna gida ne na kifi iri-iri. Masu kamun kifi za su sami bass mai zurfi, bass mai zurfin baki, crappies, catfish, Walleye, northern pike, da muskellunge a cikin ruwan Shikellamy State Park <ref name="shiksp"/> === Picnics === Akwai teburin biki da yawa don yin biki a ko'ina cikin Shikellamy State Park.<ref name="shiksp"/>{{Wide image|Shikellamy State Park Overlook Panorama.JPG|1400px|Shikellamy State Park Overlook panorama with the [[confluence (geography)|confluence]] of the [[West Branch Susquehanna River]] (left) and North Branch (center) of the [[Susquehanna River]], along with the boroughs of [[Northumberland, Pennsylvania|Northumberland]] (left) and [[Sunbury, Pennsylvania|Sunbury]] (far right). Note Shikellamy State Park Marina unit on Packer Island is also visible, although the docks had already been taken in for the winter when this photo was taken.}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nm45tbybld2uwkff51sc30pec3etyaq Gwen Benaway 0 160521 891567 886215 2026-08-05T04:35:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891567 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Gwen Benaway''' mawaki ce kuma mai fafutuka a Kanada. Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2019, ta kasance dan takarar PhD a Cibiyar Nazarin Mata da Jima'i a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Toronto . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jankovic |first=Jovana |date=29 October 2019 |title=Gwen Benaway and two other U of T community members win Governor General's Literary Awards |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/gwen-benaway-and-two-other-u-t-community-members-win-governor-general-s-literary-awards |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=University of Toronto News |language=en}}</ref> Benaway ta kuma rubuta wadanda ba na almara ba ne ga The ''Globe da Mail'' da ''Maclean's''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindsay |first=James |date=5 September 2018 |title='Our Intimate Relations Reveal so much of our Oppressions', an Interview with Gwen Benaway |url=http://open-book.ca/Columnists/Our-Intimate-Relations-Reveal-so-much-of-our-Oppressions-an-Interview-with-Gwen-Benaway |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043031/http://open-book.ca/Columnists/Our-Intimate-Relations-Reveal-so-much-of-our-Oppressions-an-Interview-with-Gwen-Benaway |archive-date=2019-03-06 |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=Open Book |language=en}}</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Benaway ta yi magana a fili game da tsarin kiwon lafiya da transphobia. Benaway ya ce, "Ina tsammanin ba zan iya ganin bambancin tsakanin rayuwa da rubutu ba, zamantakewa da siyasa, jiki da murya, binary da rashin iyaka na zuciyata. Ni mai canza launin fata ne, kuma ta hanyar hakan ina nufin na wuce abin da duniya zata iya ƙunshe da shi. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Saima |date=October 29, 2018 |title=To create other worlds inside this one |url=https://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/to-create-other-worlds-inside-this-one |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=briarpatchmagazine.com |language=en |archive-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044145/https://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/to-create-other-worlds-inside-this-one |url-status=dead }}</ref> Benaway na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu fafutuka game da shawarar da Toronto Public Library ta yanke na ba da damar marubucin mata Meghan Murphy da ƙungiyar Radical Feminists Unite su gudanar da taron magana a ɗakin karatu a cikin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Nicole |date=2019-10-27 |title=Planned event reignites debate about libraries' role as forum for free speech |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/planned-event-reignites-debate-about-libraries-role-as-forum-for-free-speech-1.4657804 |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=CP24 |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi zanga-zanga game da taron don nuna rashin amincewarta da maganganun da Murphy ta yi game da mutanen da suka canza launin fata da kuma adawar Murphy game da kafa dokar kare hakkin jinsi. A cikin wata hira, Benaway ta ce 'yan sanda na Toronto sun "kusa a cikin ɗakin karatu" a lokacin zanga-zangar. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata]<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Corkum |first=Trevor |date=11 November 2019 |title=The Chat with Governor General's Literary Award Winner Gwen Benaway |url=https://49thshelf.com/Blog/2019/11/12/The-Chat-with-Governor-General-s-Literary-Award-Winner-Gwen-Benaway |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=49thshelf.com |language=en}}</ref>  Benaway ta kuma ba da shawara ga 'yan asalin ƙasar. Ta ce tana da zuriyar Anishinaabe da Métis, kodayake an yi tambaya game da asalin asalin ta. == Littattafai == Waƙoƙin Benaway suna nuna kwarewarta a matsayin mace mai canza launin fata, kuma sau da yawa tana magana game da abubuwan da ke faruwa na tashin hankali na mulkin mallaka. Masanin wallafe-wallafen LGBT da na Ruhun Biyu Lisa Tatonetti ya bayyana aikin Benaway a matsayin "kyakkyawan kyakkyawa" kuma ya rubuta game da Fasahar Benaway cewa "yayinda littafi mai ban mamaki daga mawaki mai bayyana kansa, Fasahar, a cikin kyawawan waƙoƙinsa, jaruntakarsa, da shaidar rayuwarsa da sake haihuwa, kyauta ce ga masu karatu". Kwamitin kimantawa na musamman na Gwamna Janar ya bayyana a matsayin "mai tsananin gaske".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Holy Wild {{!}} GGBooks 2019 (Poetry) |url=https://ggbooks.ca/holy-wild |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302223551/https://ggbooks.ca/holy-wild |archive-date=2020-03-02 |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=Governor General's Literary Awards |language=en}}</ref> Benaway ta wallafa tarin shayari guda uku har zuwa yau, tare da wani da aka sanar: *   *   *   * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 20] ''rana / hutu. Littafin*hug.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volmers |first=Eric |date=2020-02-26 |title='Reluctant' activist and trans poet to participate in three-generation Indigenous panel {{!}} Calgary Herald |url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/local-arts/reluctant-activist-and-trans-poet-to-participate-in-three-generation-indigenous-panel |access-date=2020-03-04 |website=Calgary Herald |language=en}}</ref> Benaway ya tsara tarin gwagwalada gajerun fiction masu zuwa: * Benaway, Gwen (2019) Maiden, Uwar, da kuma Crone: Fantastical Trans Femmes <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maiden, Mother, And Crone: Fantastical Trans Femmes, Book by Gwen Benaway (Paperback) {{!}} chapters.indigo.ca |url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/maiden-mother-and-crone-fantastical/9781988715216-item.html |access-date=2018-12-20 |website=indigo.ca |language=en |archive-date=2018-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221011035/https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/maiden-mother-and-crone-fantastical/9781988715216-item.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{ISBN|978-1-988715-21-6}} Rubutun Benaway an gwagwalada nuna shi a cikin tarin da suka biyo baya: * ''Ƙauna bayan jiki, sarari, da lokaci: tarihin kimiyyar LGBT na asali'' (2016) Winnipeg: Bedside Press {{ISBN|9780993997075}} * ''NotYourPrincess: Muryoyin matan 'yan asalin Amurka'' (2017) Toronto: Annick Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781554519576|<bdi>9781554519576</bdi>]]{{ISBN|9781554519576}}&nbsp; * Rashin amincewa: CanLit a cikin rushewa (2018) Toronto: Bookhug . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781771664332|<bdi>9781771664332</bdi>]]{{ISBN|9781771664332}}&nbsp; == Rubuce-rubuce da labarai == * "Samun mafaka a cikin 'yan uwa mata" ''Xtra'', Nuwamba 20, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=Finding refuge in trans sisterhood {{!}} Xtra Magazine |url=https://xtramagazine.com/love-sex/trans-sisterhood-trans-day-remembrance-164385 |access-date=2026-02-27 |language=en-CA}}</ref> * "A Body like a Home", ''HazLitt'', Mayu 30, 2019 (wani dogon rubutu game da aikin tiyata na tabbatar da jinsi) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-30 |title=A Body Like a Home |url=https://hazlitt.net/longreads/body-home |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=Hazlitt |language=en}}</ref> * "Gara", Guts Magazine, Mayu 3, 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benaway |first=Gwen |date=2019-05-03 |title=Repair |url=http://gutsmagazine.ca/repair/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021194831/http://gutsmagazine.ca/repair/ |archive-date=2019-10-21 |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=GUTS |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Ainihin farashi na transphobia", (Ra'ayi) ''Xtra'', Fabrairu 12, 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-12 |title=The real price of transphobia {{!}} Xtra Magazine |url=https://xtramagazine.com/power/the-real-price-of-transphobia-142981 |access-date=2026-02-27 |language=en-CA}}</ref> * "Pussy", carte blanche, Disamba 12, 2018 (rubutun kan jikin mata masu canza launin fata da transmogyny) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-12 |title=Pussy |url=http://carte-blanche.org/pussy/ |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=carte blanche}}</ref> * "Kasancewa da ƙaunatacce tare da Boy Meets Girl", ''Xtra'', Nuwamba 16, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Being loved back with Boy Meets Girl {{!}} Xtra Magazine |url=https://xtramagazine.com/love-sex/being-loved-back-with-boy-meets-girl-129445 |access-date=2026-02-27 |language=en-CA}}</ref> * "Decolonial Love Letters to Our Bodies", ''Tea & Bannock'', Afrilu 28, 2018 (haɗin gwiwa tare da mai zane-zane na Anishinaabe Quill Christie-Peters). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gwen Benaway |url=https://gwenbenaway.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221011509/https://gwenbenaway.com/ |archive-date=2018-12-21 |access-date=2018-12-20 |website=Gwen Benaway |language=en}}</ref> * "yarinya mai canza launin fata a cikin soyayya", Room Magazine (doguwar rubutu game da cin zarafin jima'i, dangantaka mai cin zarafi, da kasancewa yarinya mai canza launi a cikin so ƙauna) <ref>{{Cite web |title=trans girl in love {{!}} Room Magazine |url=https://roommagazine.com/writing/trans-girl-love |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028175440/https://roommagazine.com/writing/trans-girl-love |archive-date=2019-10-28 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=roommagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> * "Dreaming of home" (wani ɗan gajeren rubutu game da rasa "budurwa"). * "Ahkii: Mace Ƙasar Mai Girma ce", Transmotion 3, No. 1 (2017) * "Ikon-da tashin hankali-na kasancewa mace mai canza launin fata", ''Maclean's''. Yuni 21, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-21 |title=The power—and the violence—of being an Indigenous trans woman |url=https://macleans.ca/opinion/the-power-and-the-violence-of-being-an-indigenous-trans-woman/ |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=Macleans.ca |language=fr-CA}}</ref> * "Babu Dokar Saduwa", carte blanche, Yuni 12, 2017, (wani rubutu game da wallafe-wallafen Kanada). * "What Junot Diaz Doesn't Say", Flare Magazine, Afrilu 23, 2013 (wani rubutu game da farashin da mata ke biya don ci gaba da ci gaban kansu na maza). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Junot Diaz Abuse: What The Writer Doesn't Say in His 'New Yorker' Essay |url=https://www.flare.com/news/junot-diaz-abuse/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028175440/https://www.flare.com/news/junot-diaz-abuse/ |archive-date=2019-10-28 |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=www.flare.com}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekara ta 2015, Benaway ita ce ta farko da ta lashe kyautar gwagwalada "Lokacin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ontario don Matasa Marubutan" don ''Bikin Matattu'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2015 |title=Past Winners - Young Authors Award |url=https://www.ola.org/en/visit-learn/programs/speakers-book-award/young-authors-award/past-winners-young-authors-award |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=Legislative Assembly of Ontario}}</ref> A shekara ta gwagwalada 2016 ta sami girmamawa na Bambanci daga Dayne Ogilvie Prize don marubutan [[Mutanen LGBTQ|LGBTQ]]. Ta lashe gasar Prism gwagwalada International's Creative Non-Fiction a shekarar 2017 don waƙarta "Tsakanin gwagwalada Dutse da Hard Place". A cikin 2019, Benaway ta lashe lambar yabo ta gwagwalada Gwamna Janar don Waƙoƙin Ingilishi don Holy Wild . Tarin waƙoƙi suna kallon haɗuwa da asalin asali da ma'aurata.<ref name=":0"/> An kuma sanya littafin a cikin jerin sunayen Lambda Literary Award for gwagwalada Transgender Poetry a 31st Lambda Literarian Award, Trillium Book Award for Poetry, da Publishing gwagwalada Triangle Award for Trans and Gender-Variant Literature. <ref name="autogenerated1"/> A cikin 2019, rubutun gwagwalada Benaway "A Body Like a Home" ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin 42nd National Magazine gwagwalada Awards a cikin rukunin Jarida na Mutum. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-01 |title=Announcing the Winners of the 42nd Annual National Magazine Awards |url=https://magazine-awards.com/en/2019/05/31/announcing-the-winners-of-the-42nd-annual-national-magazine-awards/ |access-date=2020-03-02 |website=National Magazine Awards |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] byip7xuhzlt687boq65mgiciv355jr9 Gidauniyar Ruwa 0 160624 891549 886034 2026-08-05T01:24:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidauniyar Karatu da Rubuce-rubuce ta Ruwa''' <ref name="impact">{{Cite web |title=Water Literacy Foundation & Rainwater Concepts A water efficient nation, water for everyone. |url=http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Water-Literacy-Foundation-on-Social-Impact.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222424/http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Water-Literacy-Foundation-on-Social-Impact.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=www.social-impact.org}}</ref> ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta muhalli da ke [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], [[Karnataka]], wacce babban burinta shi ne ta sanya Indiya ta zama "ƙasar da ke da wadatar ruwa" ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Rashin ruwa|ƙarancin ruwa]] da kuma kafa [[Girbi ruwan sama|girbe ruwan sama]] a duk sassan Indiya. == Tarihi == Ayyappa Masagi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin injiniya a Larsen &amp;amp; Toubro na tsawon shekaru 23, ya fara gwaji tare da girbi ruwan sama da hanyoyin aikin gona marasa ban ruwa a shekarar 1994.<ref name="ThinkChange India">{{Cite web |last=Badhri |first=Jagannathan |title=Interview: Ayyappa Masagi of Water Literacy Foundation |url=http://www.thinkchangeindia.org/2011/08/14/interview-ayyappa-masagi-of-water-literacy-foundation/ |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=ThinkChange India}}</ref> Bayan 'yan shekaru na nasarori a yankin asalinsa, Gadag, [[Karnataka]], [[Indiya]], ya bar aikinsa don mayar da hankali kan aiki a fagen girbi ruwan sama. A shekara ta 2004 ne ya sami tallafin karatu na Ashoka saboda aikinsa kan kiyaye ruwa. <ref name="ashoka">{{Cite web |title=AYYAPPA MASAGI |url=https://www.ashoka.org/fellow/ayyappa-masagi |website=ashoka.org |publisher=Ashoka}}</ref> Bayan shekara guda, tare da goyon bayan Ashoka: Masu kirkire-kirkire don Jama'a, ya kafa Gidauniyar Karatu da Rubutu ta Ruwa, wacce ke [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Indiya. Domin samun sauyi a Indiya nan da shekarar 2020, kungiyar NGO tana aiki don tallafawa manoma ta hanyar ba su ilimi game da noma da ba na ban ruwa ba da kuma tattara ruwan sama da kuma aiwatar da ayyukan da ke yaki da karancin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Examples of Successful Projects of WLF |url=http://www.rainwaterconcepts.co.in/Success%20Stories.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413061909/http://www.rainwaterconcepts.co.in/Success%20Stories.htm |archive-date=13 April 2016 |access-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Ayyukan gidauniyar sun fadada zuwa gidaje da masana'antu daban-daban, suna kokarin samar da mafita ga [[Rashin ruwa|karancin ruwa]] da ke da alaƙa da karuwar yawan jama'a a Bangalore. A shekara ta 2008, gidauniyar ta fara da alaƙa da wani sabon aiki: Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (I)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rain Water Concepts Pvt Ltd (India) |url=http://rainwaterconcepts.co.in/ |access-date=2026-07-02 |archive-date=2024-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821004825/http://rainwaterconcepts.co.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a cikin tsarin tallafi na haɗin gwiwa . Kasuwancin zamantakewa yana aiwatar da tsarin girbin ruwan sama ga masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da kuɗin kamfen na gidauniyar tsakanin manoma da makarantu. An ba Ayyappa Masagi lambar yabo ta Jamnalal Bajaj a shekara ta 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/awards/archives/2010 |publisher=[[Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation]]}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu kacal bayan haka, ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa da ita ta shiga Littafin Tarihi na Limca don gina tafkuna 500 - mafi yawan tafkuna na wucin gadi da kamfani ɗaya ya ƙirƙira.<ref name="Jamnalal Bajaj">{{Cite web |title=Ayyappa Masagi, recipient of Jamnala Bajaj award for Application of Science and Technology for Rural Development - 2009 |url=http://www.jamnalalbajajfoundation.org/media/pdf/JBA_2009_Bio_Ayyappa_Masagi.pdf |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar NGO ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta sake cika rijiyoyin rijiyoyi sama da 70,000 a kaikaice kuma ta isa ga mutane kusan miliyan 1.5 a wurare 36,000. == Ayyuka == Manufar gidauniyar ita ce wayar da kan jama'a game da karancin ruwa da kuma aiwatar da tsarin tattara ruwan sama a gonaki, gidaje, da masana'antu. Tana bayar da tsare-tsare da dama:<ref name="technology">{{Cite web |last=Antonin |first=Borgnon |title=Water Literacy Foundation, Technology |url=http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/?page_id=78 |access-date=27 March 2012 |publisher=Water Literacy Foundation |archive-date=13 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413223249/http://waterliteracyfoundation.perso.rezel.net/wordpress/?page_id=78 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Girbin ruwan sama a rufin gida * Sake caji borewell na irin tafkin * Rijiyoyin shiga * Girbin ruwan rafi * Sake caji Seepage * Sake caji borewell na nau'in sump * Ayyukan noma marasa ban ruwa * Noma bisa ga bishiyoyi Domin wayar da kan jama'a, gidauniyar tana halartar tarurrukan gangami, tana daukar nauyin laccoci, kuma tana ba da jawabai a tarurruka kamar taron TEDx,<ref name="TEDx">{{Cite web |title=Theme: Ideas for India |url=https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/945 |access-date=27 March 2012 |website=TEDx Velammal}}</ref> shirye-shiryen ilimin makarantu, ko kuma tarurrukan [[Ranar Ruwa ta Duniya|ranar ruwa ta duniya]]. Gidauniyar tana buga littattafai waɗanda ke umurtar manoma su aiwatar da tsarin girbin ruwan sama da kansu. Gidauniyar tana samun taimakon masu sa kai na ƙasashen duniya waɗanda galibi ake shiryawa ta hanyar shirin FSL India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage of FSL India |url=http://fsl-india.org/}}</ref> == Manazarta == 866wswakukqewwv0jhjc1yun8dfa5rt Frank Eke 0 160666 891458 878248 2026-08-04T19:37:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891458 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Frank Adiele Eke''' (27 Yunin 1931 zuwa 4 Janairu 2013), likita ne kuma ɗan siyasan a Najeriya. Ya kasance Mataimakin Gwamna na farko na Jihar Rivers, yayi aiki daga 1979 zuwa 1983 a karkashin Gwamna Melford Okilo<ref name="eke">{{cite news |last=Hart |first=Anderson |date=11 January 2014 |title=PHCCIMA President Mourns Passing Away of Father In-law & Elder Statesman, Late Eze (Dr.) Frank Eke |url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/134085/1/phccima-president-mourns-passing-away-of-father-in.html |access-date=8 March 2015 |publisher=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref name="eke3">{{cite book|title=The story of a living legend : His Royal Majesty Eze Dr. Frank Adele Eke (J.P), Eze Gbakagbaka, Eze Oha Evo II|first=Felix|last=Lowen|publisher=International Youth Congress|year=2002|isbn=978-056-162-5}}</ref> == Ilimi == shi ne mutum na farko na Ikwerre da ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Harvard ta Amurka, inda ya zama Jagoran Lafiya ta Jama'a a shekarar 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianimage.com/2021/08/13/his-majesty-amb-king-prof-sir-dr-frank-adele-eke/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-03 |archive-date=2022-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229185121/https://nigerianimage.com/2021/08/13/his-majesty-amb-king-prof-sir-dr-frank-adele-eke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fito ne daga Woji. == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 2013 bayan gajeren rashin lafiya. Kafin mutuwarsa, shi ne babban mai mulki na Evo Kingdom, yankin karamar hukumar Obio-Akpor.<ref name="eke1">{{cite news |last=Onukwugha |first=Anayo |date=6 June 2014 |title=No Human Heads Needed For Burial Of Rivers Monarch, Police Insist |url=http://leadership.ng/news/373561/human-heads-needed-burial-rivers-monarch-police-insist |access-date=8 March 2015 |newspaper=[[Leadership (Nigeria)|Leadership]]}}</ref> Cikakken sunansa shine HRM, Sarki Dr (Amb) Sir Frank Adiele Eke (Eze Gbakagbaka na ƙasar Evo). == Iyali == Ya auri Evang. Beatrice Chiebonam Eke kuma tana da 'ya'ya 6 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] ox0gne56khhv6951jmkv8kf7o2p1cnt Emmanuel Folorunsho Abodunrin 0 160949 891374 889706 2026-08-04T14:21:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emmanuel Folorunsho Abodunrin''' (an haife shi ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1953) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya kasance mamba a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kwara ta 8, inda yake wakiltar mazaɓar Isin a majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Emmanuel Folorunsho Abodunrin |url=https://hoa.kw.gov.ng/hon-emmanuel-folorunsho-abodunrin/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Kwara State House of Assembly |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwara State House of Assembly |url=https://www.kwha.gov.ng/kwha/Pages/_AssemblyPassesPensionBilltoExGovs |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.kwha.gov.ng |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119063526/https://www.kwha.gov.ng/kwha/Pages/_AssemblyPassesPensionBilltoExGovs |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] b2s7lpjtnll65bflaty3ieywk45q1s9 Fela Durotoye 0 160986 891406 879669 2026-08-04T17:35:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adetokunbo Olufela Durotoye''' (an haife shi a Ibadan, Jihar Oyo, a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1971), wanda aka fi sani da '''Fela Durotoye''', mashawarcin harkokin kasuwanci ne, ƙwararren jagoranci, ɗan siyasa, kuma mai gabatar da jawabai masu ƙarfafa gwiwa daga Najeriya. Ya kasance ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN) a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Najeriya na shekarar 2019.<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/fela-durotoye-is-now-anns-presidential-candidate-id8918274.html</ref> A shekarar 2023, an naɗa Durotoye a matsayin Babban Mataimaki na Musamman ga Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu kan harkokin ɗabi'u na ƙasa da adalci na zamantakewa.<ref>https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/tinubu-appoints-fela-durotoye-others-to-serve-in-presidential-media-team/e8hpev7</ref> == Ilimi == An haifi Fela Durotoye ga Layiwola da Adeline Durotoye, waɗanda dukkansu farfesoshi ne a Jami'ar Ibadan.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/10/21/fela-durotoye-i-am-willing-to-serve-nigeria-if-power-brokers-are-transparent-and-honest/</ref> Bayan iyayensa sun koma Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo da ke Ile-Ife, Fela ya halarci Makarantar 'Ya'yan Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo tsakanin shekarun 1974 zuwa 1981, sannan ya yi karatu a Moremi High School daga shekarar 1981 zuwa 1986. Daga baya ya samu digirin farko na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta tare da Tattalin Arziki, sannan ya samu digirin Babbar Jagora a Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo da ke Ile-Ife. Haka kuma, tsohon ɗalibi ne na shirin Executive Education na John F. Kennedy School of Government na Jami'ar Harvard.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180305143156/http://www.thefutureafrica.com/menu/fela-durotoye/</ref><ref>https://www.inigerian.com/fela-durotoye-proudly-nigerian/</ref> Durotoye ya halarci shirin High Impact Leadership for a Better Society a Jami'ar Yale. Har ila yau, ƙwararren mai horas da shugabanci ne da ke da takardar shaidar ƙungiyar John Maxwell Team.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180305164316/https://www.nigerianinfopedia.com/fela-durotoye-biography-net-worth/</ref> A shekarar 2015, ya kammala shirin horaswa kan dabaru, kirkire-kirkire da shugabanci a Lagos Business School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180305164316/https://www.nigerianinfopedia.com/fela-durotoye-biography-net-worth/</ref> Bayan haka ya halarci shirin horaswa na Supernumerary Police a Kwalejin Horar da 'Yan Sanda ta Najeriya, inda ya kammala da sakamako mai daraja.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180305164316/https://www.nigerianinfopedia.com/fela-durotoye-biography-net-worth/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200810193627/https://feladurotoye.net/about/</ref> == Aiki == A shekarar 1992, Fela Durotoye ya yi aiki a matsayin mai nazarin harkokin kuɗi a kamfanin Ventures & Trusts Limited.<ref>https://punchng.com/profile-fela-durotoye/</ref> A shekarar 1998 kuma, ya zama shugaban sashen kula da abokan ciniki na Phillips Consulting Limited. A shekarar 2000, ya kafa kamfanin V.I.P Consulting Limited, wanda ya yi suna wajen gudanar da harkokin abokan ciniki da bunƙasa albarkatun ɗan adam a Najeriya. Daga baya an sake fasalin kamfanin ya koma wata cibiyar zamantakewa mai suna Visible Impact Limited.<ref>http://www.citypeopleonline.com/motivational-speaker-fela-durotoye-storms-city-people-talks-create-new-nigeria/</ref> Durotoye yana gudanar da tarurruka da horaswa kan shugabanci da gudanarwa a Najeriya da kuma ƙasashen waje.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180308050458/https://newtelegraphonline.com/2017/07/egbemode-fela-durotoye-speak-rccg-conference/</ref><ref>https://punchng.com/ohiwerei-durotoye-for-students-fortress-conference/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/obasanjo-gov-ahmed-dabiri-erewa-others-attend-investment-forum-u-s/</ref> A shekarar 2018, ya gabatar da jawabi ga fiye da 'yan kasuwa 200 a taron farko na Nigerian American Business Forum da aka gudanar a Tampa, Florida, inda ya yi jawabi tare da manyan mutane da suka haɗa da Sanata Mohammed Shaaba Lafiagi, Sanata Ben Murray-Bruce, shugaban Kasuwar Hannayen Jari ta Najeriya Abimbola Ogunbanjo, Biodun Shobanjo, Peter Obi da Ade Olufeko.<ref>https://www.medianigeria.com/profile-of-fela-durotoye/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/2019-presidency-fela-durotoye-overreaching/amp/</ref> == Shirin Gyaran Mushin == A watan Disambar shekarar 2009, Fela Durotoye ya jagoranci aikin sabunta muhalli mai suna ''Mushin Makeover''. Aikin ya samu goyon bayan fitattun mutane da dama daga masana'antar nishaɗi da sauran fannoni. Ya tara sama da masu sa kai 2,000 waɗanda suka yi wa gidaje 296 fenti a tituna bakwai na unguwar Mushin da ke Legas ba tare da cajin masu gidajen komai ba. A yayin gudanar da aikin, kamfanin Berger Paints PLC ya horar da matasa marasa aikin yi sama da 100 a fannin zanen gine-gine da dabarunsa. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan matasa sun samu hanyar samun abin dogaro da kai bayan kammala horon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pulse.ng/news/local/fela-durotoye-shares-5-important-facts-about-himself-id8030918.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2018-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180531090021/http://www.pulse.ng/news/local/fela-durotoye-shares-5-important-facts-about-himself-id8030918.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2009/12/mushin-makeover-today/?amp</ref><ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2018/02/22/young-strong-fela-durotoye-declares-presidential-ambition/amp/</ref> == Harkokin Siyasa == A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2018, Durotoye ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugaban ƙasar Najeriya a zaɓen shekarar 2019 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN).<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/2019-presidency-fela-durotoye-overreaching/</ref><ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/08/30/fela-durotoye-emerges-pact-consensus-presidential-candidate</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/fela-durotoye-says-running-for-president-is-not-easy/pzqngtb |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2019-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012132916/https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/fela-durotoye-says-running-for-president-is-not-easy/pzqngtb |url-status=dead }}</ref> Haɗakar 'yan takarar shugaban ƙasa guda 11 ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Presidential Aspirants Coming Together (PACT) ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takarar bai ɗaya.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/2019-election-durotoye-picks-khadijah-abdullahi-iya-as-running-mate/</ref> A ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2018, ya zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ANN a zaɓen shekarar 2019.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190124212611/https://oak.tv/newstrack/fela-durotoye-commends-oby-ezekwesili/</ref> Yayin yaƙin neman zaɓe, ya bayyana cewa neman muƙamin shugaban ƙasa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, amma ya ce hanya mafi kyau ta yi wa ƙasarsa hidima ita ce ta hanyar jagorantar ƙasar daga mafi girman muƙami.<ref>http://allovernaija.com/2019-ypp-ann-form-coalition-to-present-consensus-presidential-candidate/</ref> Daga baya ya zaɓi Khadijah Abdullahi-Iya a matsayin abokiyar takararsa ta mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa. An san ta a matsayin fitacciyar 'yar kasuwa mai gudanar da ayyukan zamantakewa.<ref>https://punchng.com/breaking-president-tinubu-appoints-fela-durotoye-others-as-presidential-media-aides/</ref> A ranar 24 ga Janairu, 2019, Durotoye ya yabawa Oby Ezekwesili saboda ƙoƙarinta na gina haɗin gwiwa domin fitar da ɗan takarar bai ɗaya a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2019.<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/fela-durotoye-i-served-as-tinubus-aide-for-6-months-without-pay/</ref> Ya kuma bayyana cewa a shirye yake ya mara wa duk ɗan takarar bai ɗaya da aka zaɓa ta hanyar gaskiya baya idan shi bai samu wannan matsayi ba. Kafin hakan, an yi yunƙurin kafa wata haɗakar siyasa tsakanin Young Progressive Party da Alliance for New Nigeria da za a kira ''The Force''.<ref>https://www.thecable.ng/nigeria-needs-heroes-now/</ref> A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2023, an naɗa shi Babban Mataimaki na Musamman ga Shugaban Ƙasa kan ɗabi'u na ƙasa da adalci na zamantakewa. Ya bayyana cewa ya yi aiki ba tare da karɓar albashi daga gwamnatin Bola Tinubu ba daga Oktoba 2023 zuwa Maris 2024.<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/05/tara-fela-durotoye-celebrate-17th-wedding-anniversary/</ref> == Rayuwar Kai == Fela Durotoye ya auri Tara Fela-Durotoye, fitacciyar mai kwalliya, lauya kuma shugabar kamfanin House of Tara a Najeriya. Suna da 'ya'ya maza uku, wato Mobolurin, Demilade da Morolaoluwa. Fela Durotoye mabiyin addinin Kirista ne.<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/05/tara-fela-durotoye-celebrate-17th-wedding-anniversary/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1971]] 7c39b8zc9dvwctr5ly9y7a3m0hakdlg Femi Okurounmu 0 161020 891410 884343 2026-08-04T17:44:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Femi Okurounmu |image = |office1 = Senator for Ogun Central |term_start1 = 3 June 1999 |term_end1 = 3 June 2003 |predecessor1 = |successor1 = [[Ibikunle Amosun]] |birth_date = |birth_place = [[Ogun State]], [[Nigeria]] |alma_mater = {{plainlist| *[[Harvard University]] *[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] }} |death_date = |party = }} '''Femi Okurounmu''' an zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Mazabar Sanatan Ogun ta Tsakiya a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, a farkon Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya, a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for Democracy (AD). Ya riƙe wannan muƙami daga ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1999 zuwa 3 ga Yuni, 2003.<ref>http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt</ref> Kafin hakan, Okurounmu ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Jihar Ogun.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-07-07 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331033713/https://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2008/sep/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ya shiga Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 1999, an naɗa shi mamba a kwamitocin Kasuwanci da Harkokin Tattalin Arziki.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm</ref> Ya sake neman zaɓe a shekarar 2003, amma Alhaji Ibikunle Amosun na jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) ya kayar da shi da ƙuri'u 111,920 yayin da shi ya samu ƙuri'u 52,390.<ref>http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/14/043.html{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya an naɗa Okurounmu a matsayin Sakatare Janar na ƙungiyar zamantakewa da siyasa ta Yarabawa mai suna Afenifere. A watan Janairun 2005, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin dabaru da shirye-shirye na wani taro da ya haɗa shugabannin Afenifere da na Yoruba Council of Elders, waɗanda suka kasance cikin saɓani tun daga shekarar 1999.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090105202528/http://www.odili.net/news/source/2005/jan/24/1.html</ref> A wani zaman sauraron ra'ayoyin jama'a da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairun 2006 kan yiwuwar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki domin bai wa Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo damar yin wa'adi na uku, Okurounmu ya gabatar da matsayin ɓangaren Afenifere da Cif Reuben Fasoranti ke jagoranta. Ya bayyana cewa ya kamata ƙasar ta ci gaba da tsarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu-huɗu ga shugaban ƙasa.<ref>http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/403.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Haka kuma, ya nesanta al'ummar Yarabawa daga shirin neman wa'adi na uku na Obasanjo, yana mai cewa wannan ra'ayi na shugaban ƙasa ne da jam'iyyar PDP.<ref>http://odili.net/news/source/2006/feb/27/439.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2008, Okurounmu ya danganta rikice-rikicen da suka faru a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya da siyasar son kai da neman ɗaukaka kai, inda ya ce wasu 'yan siyasa suna neman mulki ne kawai domin biyan bukatunsu na kansu.<ref>http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2008/jul/20/powergame-20-07-2008-004.htm</ref> A watan Janairun 2009, ya bayyana cewa membobcin Afenifere a buɗe yake ga kowa, ba tare da la'akari da jam'iyyar siyasar da mutum yake bi ba, muddin yana goyon bayan manufofi da akidar Afenifere da ta Awolowo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm</ref> A watan Mayun 2010, ya soki tsarin rabon shugabancin ƙasa na jam'iyyar PDP, wanda ke ba yankunan Arewa da Kudu damar yin musayar shugabancin ƙasa bayan wa'adi biyu. Ya bayyana tsarin a matsayin wanda ba shi da ma'ana, tare da goyon bayan hakkin Goodluck Jonathan na sake neman zaɓe.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100106230708/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/powergame/2009/jan/25/powergame-25-01-2009-001.htm</ref> A watan Janairun 2010, Okurounmu, wanda yake matsayin '''Baba Ijo''' (uban ikilisiya) na Cocin Anglican na St. Paul da ke Sodubi, Abeokuta, an ruwaito cewa ya jagoranci adawar wasu dattawan cocin ga limamin cocin. Wasu fusatattun matasa sun rufe ƙofofin cocin domin hana masu ibada halartar ibadar ranar Lahadi, har ma suka yi barazanar kai masa hari. Sai da jami'an 'yan sanda guda 15 suka shiga tsakani domin hana lamarin rikidewa zuwa tashin hankali.<ref> <nowiki>{{Cite news On 1 October 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Femi Okurounmu the head of an advisory committee to prepare for a National Dialogue. |title=Anglican Church crisis: Okurounmu escapes lynching |date=10 JANUARY 2010 |author=KUNLE OLAYENI |work=Nigerian Compass</nowiki> </ref> == Manazarta == 9pmbcu8nyti1pwg1kieep767jts13ff Friday Osanebi 0 161095 891459 882243 2026-08-04T20:05:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Friday Ossai Osanebi | image = | image_size = 220 | alt = | caption = Friday Ossai Osanebi at [[Home]] | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1980|10|07|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Delta State]], [[Federal Republic of Nigeria|Nigeria]] | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | medium = | party = | alma_mater = Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu. <br>[[Metallurgical Engineering]] | website = | footnotes = | module = }} '''Friday Ossai Osanebi''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1980) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne wanda ya taɓa zama ɗan Majalisar Dokokin [[Jihar Delta]] mai wakiltar mazabar [[Ndokwa East]] a majalisar dokokin jihar.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/osanebi-lauds-president-jonathans-tour-to-flood-victims-camps/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Osanebi lauds President Jonathan's tour to flood victims camps |date=2012-10-12 |author=Vanguard Newspaper |access-date=2012-10-12 |newspaper=Vanguard}}</ref> Daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Gwamnan [[Jihar Delta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/delta-2023-omo-agege-picks-osanebi-as-running-mate/ |title=Delta 2023: Omo-Agege picks Osanebi as running mate |website=Vanguard |access-date=2025-07-08}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Friday Osanebi a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1980. Ya taso tare da iyayensa, Cif da Misis Ossai Osanebi, a unguwar Umuedem da ke garin Beneku a [[Ndokwa East]] Local Government Area na [[Jihar Delta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=25309 |title=Osanebi Pledges More Robust Representation For Ndokwa East |date=2013-10-14 |work=The Pointer |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302202026/http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=25309 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya yi karatunsa na firamare a '''Eke Model Primary School''' da ke Kwale a [[Ndokwa West]] Local Government Area na Jihar Delta. Daga nan ya halarci '''Orogun Grammar School''' domin karatunsa na sakandare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |title=Hon Osanebi Gets Kudos For Constituency Projects |date=2013-10-14 |work=The Pointer |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302203830/http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (ESUT), inda ya karanci Injiniyan Kayayyaki da Karafa (Materials and Metallurgical Engineering). An kuma ruwaito cewa ya yi karatun shari'a a wata jami'a da ke Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |title=Hon Osanebi Gets Kudos For Constituency Projects |date=2013-10-14 |work=The Pointer |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302203830/http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == Osanebi ya shiga harkokin siyasa kuma aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Dokokin [[Jihar Delta]] mai wakiltar mazabar [[Ndokwa East]]. A lokacin da aka zaɓe shi, an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin shekaru a cikin ’yan majalisar jihar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |title=Hon Osanebi Gets Kudos For Constituency Projects |date=2013-10-14 |work=The Pointer |access-date=2013-10-14 |archive-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302203830/http://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=18687 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan majalisa, ya tallafa wa shirye-shiryen raya mazabarsa tare da aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba da suka shafi ilimi, matasa da ci gaban al'umma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://elombah.com/index.php/reports/18190-hon-friday-osanebi-sponsors-50-delta-youths-abroad-for-training-on-oil-and-gas |title=Hon. Friday Osanebi Sponsors 50 Delta Youths Abroad for Training on Oil and Gas |date=2013-10-13 |work=Elombah |access-date=2013-10-13 |archive-date=2013-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017015846/http://elombah.com/index.php/reports/18190-hon-friday-osanebi-sponsors-50-delta-youths-abroad-for-training-on-oil-and-gas |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya, ya zama Mataimakin Gwamnan [[Jihar Delta]], inda ya ci gaba da taka rawa a harkokin mulki da ci gaban jihar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/delta-2023-omo-agege-picks-osanebi-as-running-mate/ |title=Delta 2023: Omo-Agege picks Osanebi as running mate |website=Vanguard |access-date=2025-07-08}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1980]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] e5en8p1xma8ko6kth09zgppk7g2quwk G.C. Nonyelu 0 161096 891472 878973 2026-08-04T20:38:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = | office = Federal Director of Public Prosecutions | image = Barrister GC Nonyelu QC.jpg | term_end = 1964 | term_start = 1960 | birth_date = 3 September 1914 | death_date = {{death date and age|1972|||1914|9|3|df=y}} | spouse = Emilia Aguta | alma_mater = [[Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn]] }} '''Gilbert Chukwudike Nonyelu''' '''QC''' (1914–1972) lauya ne ɗan [[Najeriya]] wanda ya kasance Daraktan Gurfanar da Ƙara na Tarayya na farko (Director of Public Prosecutions – DPP) a Najeriya daga shekarar 1960 zuwa 1964, kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa [[Nigerian Bar Association]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|title=Nigerian Bar Association Port Harcourt Branch|access-date=2026-07-08|archive-date=2024-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713072048/http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1961, an ba shi muƙamin [[Queen's Counsel]] (QC), wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa ga lauyoyi a tsarin shari'ar Birtaniya.<ref name=":0" /> A matsayinsa na Daraktan Gurfanar da Ƙara na Tarayya, yana da alhakin fara shari'o'in manyan laifuka, gudanar da su, ko kuma dakatar da su idan ya ga ya dace. Haka kuma yana tabbatar da cewa an gudanar da shari'a cikin adalci bisa ga dokokin ƙasa da ka'idar mulkin doka. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nonyelu a [[Aba, Najeriya|Aba]], a yankin da yanzu yake cikin [[Jihar Abia]]. Shi ne ɗan fari ga Josiah Ezidinma Nonyelu, wanda ma'aikacin jinya ne, da Zipporah Nonyelu. Ya fara karatu a '''St. Michael's Primary School''' da ke Aba, inda ƙwarewarsa a karatu ta sa aka ba shi damar shiga [[Hope Waddell Training Institution]] da ke [[Calabar]]. Daga baya ya samu gurbin karatu a [[Igbobi College]] da ke [[Legas]], inda ya fara nuna sha'awarsa ga harkar lauya.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1944, Nonyelu ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila tare da Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]] da Cif [[Akintola Williams]]. A can ya karanci shari'a a [[Lincoln's Inn|Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn]] da kuma Inns of Court. A ranar 26 ga Janairu 1948 aka kira shi zuwa Bar na Ingila da Wales a matsayin cikakken lauya.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1961 an naɗa shi '''Queen's Counsel (QC)'''.<ref name=":0" /> == Aikin shari'a da siyasa == Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya daga Birtaniya, Nonyelu ya kafa ofishin lauyoyi mai suna '''Nwezidunma Chambers''' a [[Port Harcourt]].<ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 1952, Cif [[Obafemi Awolowo]], shugaban jam'iyyar [[Action Group (Nigeria)|Action Group]], ya gayyace shi ya zama mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga jam'iyyar. Ya wakilci ƙungiyar a babban taron tsara [[Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya]] da aka gudanar a London a shekarar 1953 a '''10 Carlton House Terrace'''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1953/jul/27/nigeria-constitution-london-conference|work=Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)|date=27 July 1953|title=Hansard UK parliament record}}</ref> Babban manufar taron ita ce tattauna batun bai wa Najeriya ikon mulkin kanta, ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos|Oliver Lyttelton]].<ref name=":4" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen siyasa da suka biyo bayan taron, Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1960. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, an naɗa Nonyelu a matsayin Daraktan Gurfanar da Ƙara na Tarayya na farko a Najeriya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ayyukansa sun haɗa da gudanar da shari'o'in gwamnati, taimakawa binciken manyan al'amura, ba da shawarwari ga jami'an bincike, da tabbatar da cewa an gudanar da shari'a cikin adalci. An ɗauke shi a matsayin jami'in da ke kare gaskiya da tabbatar da bin doka a tsarin shari'ar ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1964, gwamnatin Najeriya ta soke cikakken 'yancin ofishin Daraktan Gurfanar da Ƙara, ta mai da shi ƙarƙashin Ministan Shari'a da Babban Lauyan Tarayya. Nonyelu ya yi imanin cewa wannan mataki zai ba siyasa damar tsoma baki a harkokin shari'a kuma zai iya raunana tsarin mulkin doka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Saboda haka, ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa domin nuna rashin amincewa da wannan sauyi.<ref name=":2" /> Rahoton ''The Nigerian Bar Journal'' na shekarar 1980 ya nuna cewa murabus ɗinsa ya kuma kasance wata alama ta adawa da yadda gwamnati ta kama wasu manyan 'yan siyasa, ciki har da [[Obafemi Awolowo]], bisa zargin cin amanar ƙasa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|journal=The Nigerian Bar Journal|volume=16|pages=115}}</ref> Bayan ya yi murabus, ya rage shiga harkokin siyasa kuma ya mayar da hankali ga aikin lauya har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1972.<ref name=":0" /> Nonyelu ya kasance cikin tawagar lauyoyin da suka shiga binciken shari'ar kisan ma'aikatan hakar kwal da aka sani da '''[[Iva Valley]] massacre''', tare da manyan lauyoyi irin su [[Frederick Rotimi Williams|Rotimi Williams]], H.O. Davies, Jaja Nwachukwu da wasu da dama.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The trade union movement in Nigeria|last=Ananaba|first=Wogu|publisher=Africana Pub. Corp|date=1 April 1970|pages=110, 333}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Disorders in the Eastern Provinces of Nigeria, November 1949|journal=H.M. Stationery Office|year=1950|volume=1|pages=115}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Nonyelu ya auri Emily (Emilia) Aguta, wata ma'aikaciyar jinya da ƙungiyar '''Christian Missionary Society (CMS)''' ta horar. Emily ta fito ne daga [[Mbieri]] a [[Jihar Imo]], kuma jikanyar Cif Abraham Aguta ce, wanda ya kasance sarkin gargajiya na Ubaku Mbieri da ke Ikeduru. Ma'auratan sun haifi yara biyar, mata uku da maza biyu.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyukan alheri == Nonyelu da matarsa sun kafa '''Iruka Clinic'', asibitin da ke kula da mata masu juna biyu da kuma kula da uwa da jariri bayan haihuwa. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban yankin Gabashin Najeriya ta hanyar tallafa wa ilimin yara, ba da kayan kiɗa ga coci-coci, musamman '''St. Peter's Church''' da ke Port Harcourt, da kuma bayar da shawarwarin shari'a kyauta ga mutanen da ba za su iya biyan kuɗin lauya ba.<ref name=":0" /> == Lambobin yabo == A shekarar 2017, ƙungiyar '''Amawbia Town Union''' ta karrama Nonyelu bayan rasuwarsa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen ci gaban Amawbia da Najeriya baki ɗaya.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar 9 ga Maris 2022, Gwamnan [[Jihar Anambra]], Cif [[Willie Obiano]], ya sake karrama shi bayan rasuwa tare da ba iyalansa lambar yabo domin girmama nasarorinsa da gudummawar da ya bayar a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Mutuwa == Nonyelu ya rasu a shekarar 1972, shekaru biyu bayan ƙarshen [[Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya]]. An binne shi a harabar gidansu da ke Amawbia.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == ej5pyw946bs1gxtjndv59yaaztr702n Gbenga Aluko 0 161165 891519 879771 2026-08-04T22:05:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Gbenga Aluko | image = | office1 = Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from [[Ekiti State]] South District | term_start1 = May 1999 | term_end1 = May 2003 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = Bode Olowoporoku | birth_name = Daniel Olugbenga Aluko | birth_date = {{birth date|1963|7|20|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|20|1963|7|20|df=y}} | death_place = [[Abuja]], Nigeria | party = [[All Progressives Congress (Nigeria)|All Progressives Congress]] | parents = [[Sam Aluko]] (father) | relatives = [[Bolaji Aluko]] (brother) }} '''Daniel Olugbenga Aluko''' (an haife shi 20 ga Yuli 1963 – 20 ga Nuwamba 2021)<ref>[http://saharareporters.com/2021/11/21/nigerian-senator-gbenga-aluko-slumps-dies-58 Nigerian Senator Gbenga Aluko Slumps, Dies At 58]</ref> ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ekiti ta Kudu a [[Jihar Ekiti]], Najeriya, a farkon [[Jamhuriya ta Huɗu ta Najeriya]], inda ya tsaya takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party]] (PDP). Ya fara aiki a ofis ranar 29 ga Mayu 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nigeria/nigerialeg2.txt |title=FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA LEGISLATIVE ELECTION OF 20 FEBRUARY AND 7 MARCH 1999 |work=Psephos |access-date=24 June 2010}}</ref> ==Haihuwa da farkon rayuwa== An haifi Daniel Olugbenga Aluko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1963 a Ibadan, ga Farfesa [[Sam Aluko]], fitaccen masanin tattalin arziki ɗan Najeriya daga Jihar Ekiti. Ya halarci makarantar Federal Government College da ke [[Ilorin]], sannan aka ba shi gurbin karatu a [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Jami'ar Benin]], inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1982 da digiri a fannin Geography and Regional Planning (Tsare-tsaren Ƙasa da Yankuna). Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatu a College of Energy and Petroleum Studies da ke [[Oxford]], Ingila, inda ya yi karatun digiri na gaba da na farko (Post Graduate Course) a fannin Kasuwanci da Tsarawa kan Farashin Man Fetur na Ƙasa da Ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-07 |title=Senate mourns Sen Gbenga Aluko, observes a minute silence in his honour |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/senate-mourns-sen-gbenga-aluko-observes-a-minute-silence-in-his-honour/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-18 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Tsakanin shekarun 1983 zuwa 1999, ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban da suka haɗa da Manajan Darakta/ Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa (CEO) na HYGYNIX, Daraktan Zartarwa na Baseline Petroleum and Chemicals, da Shugaban Hukumar Independent Strategists. Daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1995, an naɗa shi Mataimaki na Musamman ga Ministan Sufuri da Harkokin Jiragen Sama, sannan ya zama Babban Manaja na Nigeria Shippers' Council.<ref name=alexek>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexekwueme.org/senator-daniel-olugbenga-aluko/ |title=Senator Daniel Olugbenga Aluko |publisher=Alex Ekwueme Foundation |access-date=24 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725000113/http://www.alexekwueme.org/senator-daniel-olugbenga-aluko/ |archive-date=25 July 2011 }}</ref> ==Aikinsa a Majalisar Dattawa== Bayan ya fara zama Sanata a watan Yunin 1999, an naɗa Aluko cikin kwamitoci da dama da suka haɗa da Kwamitin Zaɓe (Selection), Kwamitin Ayyukan Majalisar Dattawa (Senate Services) inda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaba, da kwamitocin Harkokin Jiragen Sama, Harkokin Mata, Kuɗi da Kasafin Kuɗi, Ci gaban Al'umma da Wasanni, da Basussukan Cikin Gida da na Ƙasashen Waje.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm |title = Congressional Committees |publisher = Nigeria Congress |access-date = 24 June 2010 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091118151316/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/assembly/committees1.htm |archive-date = 18 November 2009 }}</ref> Haka kuma an naɗa shi Mataimakin Babban Mai Tsawatarwa (Deputy Chief Whip) na Majalisar Dattawa. Daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Gas da kuma Shugaban Kwamitin Man Fetur.<ref name=alexek/> Aluko ya nuna adawa da shirin mayar da kamfanin buga kuɗin Najeriya (Nigerian Mint) hannun masu zaman kansu. Haka kuma an naɗa shi Shugaban wani kwamitin wucin gadi da aka kafa domin binciken rufe [[Savannah Bank]] da Babban Bankin Najeriya ([[Central Bank of Nigeria]]) ya yi, lamarin da ya janyo ce-ce-ku-ce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/08/30/20020830news08.html |title=Senate Vows to Halt Sale of Mint. Sets up panel to probe Savanna Bank closure |author=Bature Umar |work=ThisDay |date=30 August 2002 |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031027221956/http://thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/08/30/20020830news08.html |archive-date=27 October 2003 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Satumban 2002, ya mara wa wani ƙuduri baya na kafa kwamitin wucin gadi domin binciken zargin karya kundin tsarin mulki da kuma saba dokokin kasafin kuɗi da ake yi wa Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], waɗanda ake ganin za su iya zama dalilin tsige shi.<ref name=tday914>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/09/14/20020914cov01.html |title = who is WHERE? |author = Bature Umar |work = ThisDay |date = 14 September 2002 |access-date = 24 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050825210226/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/09/14/20020914cov01.html |archive-date = 25 August 2005 }}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2002, Aluko ya maye gurbin [[Oserheimen Osunbor]] a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattawa kan [[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC)]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/10/16/20021016news10.html |title = Anyim, Na'Abba Move Against Anti-impeachment Lawmakers |author = Chuks Okocha and Bature Umar |work = ThisDay |access-date = 24 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051127222332/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/10/16/20021016news10.html |archive-date = 27 November 2005 }}</ref> Aluko ya shiga ce-ce-ku-ce bayan wani kwamiti ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sanata [[Idris Kuta]] ya ambace shi cikin waɗanda ake zargi da rashin da'a wajen tafiyar da kuɗaɗen Majalisar Dattawa.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/11/20010411pol02.html |title = Report on the Idris Kuta Report by Victor Oyofo Committee |work = ThisDay |date = 11 April 2001 |access-date = 24 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050920082847/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/04/11/20010411pol02.html |archive-date = 20 September 2005 }}</ref> Rahoton kwamitin da kuma wani kwamitin wucin gadi da Sanata [[Victor Oyofo]] ya jagoranta sun bayyana cewa Aluko ya ƙara farashin gyaran gidajen sanatoci da kuma na'urorin kwamfuta da kayan ofis da aka saya wa sanatocin, tare da ba da shawarar ya mayar da kuɗin da ya karɓa fiye da ƙa'ida. Sai dai a watan Satumban 2002, Majalisar Dattawa ta amince da wani ƙuduri da Aluko ya gabatar na wanke dukkan sanatocin da aka ambata cikin rahotannin biyu.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/09/15/20020915cov03.html |title = What Manner of Senate? |author = Yusuph Olaniyonu, Bature Umar and Pius Anakali |work = ThisDay |date = 15 September 2002 |access-date = 24 June 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051130080616/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2002/09/15/20020915cov03.html |archive-date = 30 November 2005 }}</ref> ==Bayan barin Majalisar Dattawa== Bayan ya bar Majalisar Dattawa, Aluko ya ci gaba da harkokin kasuwanci masu zaman kansu. Ya kasance mai rinjayen hannun jari a kamfanonin Alstegg da Midlands, wani kamfanin aikin injiniyan gine-gine. Haka kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Crest Healthcare, mai ba da shawara ga [[Department for International Development|DFID]] kan harkokin majalisa, sannan Daraktan Harkokin Gwamnati na [[Chevron Nigeria]].<ref name=alexek/> Ya fice daga PDP zuwa [[Labour Party (Nigeria)|Labour Party]], inda ya tsaya takarar gwamnan Jihar Ekiti a shekarar 2007, amma bai yi nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/politics/2833-nigerians-should-be-patient-with-federal-government-aluko.html?fontstyle=f-smaller |title=Nigerians should be patient with Federal Government - Aluko |work=Nigerian Tribune |author=Stephen Gbadamosi |date=19 March 2010 |access-date=24 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229175029/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/politics/2833-nigerians-should-be-patient-with-federal-government-aluko.html?fontstyle=f-smaller |archive-date=29 February 2012 }}</ref> A watan Disamban 2009, Aluko ya koma jam'iyyar PDP.<ref name=ncomp785>{{Cite news |title=Intrigues behind Gbenga Aluko's return to Ekiti PDP |date=15 December 2009 |work=NIGERIAN COMPASS }}</ref> ==Rayuwar sirri== Gbenga Aluko ya auri Sileola Aluko da Adebola Aluko. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai, kuma manyansu su ne fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Eniola Aluko|Eniola]] da [[Sone Aluko]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/061.html |title=Senator Gbenga Aluko's Senate Submission over the Kuta Report [5th September, 2000] |website=Nigeria World |date=6 September 2000 |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512224847/https://nigeriaworld.com/letters/2000/sep/061.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/aluko-hungry-for-2010-wc-action/518244 |title=Aluko hungry for 2010 WC action |website=Kick Off |date=3 July 2009 |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308083421/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/aluko-hungry-for-2010-wc-action/518244 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Rasuwa== A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2021, Aluko ya faɗi a ofishinsa da ke Abuja, inda aka garzaya da shi asibiti, amma likitoci suka tabbatar da rasuwarsa.<ref>[https://punchng.com/senator-gbenga-aluko-slumps-dies-in-abuja/]</ref> ==Manazarta== bbl87b44ajgpgupkzne7hxb8awex1io Elmar Bolowich 0 161228 891371 884152 2026-08-04T13:47:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elmar Bolowich''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1954) kwanan nan shi ne babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta George Mason Patriots a Jami'ar George Mason da ke Fairfax, Virginia, Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2022 |title=George Mason Announces Change in Leadership of its Men's Soccer Program |url=https://gomason.com/news/2022/3/31/mens-soccer-george-mason-announces-change-in-leadership-of-its-mens-soccer-program.aspx |access-date=April 27, 2022 |website=gomason.com |publisher=George Mason Athletics}}</ref> A da shi ne babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Creighton Bluejays a Jami'ar Creighton da ke Omaha, Nebraska na tsawon shekaru takwas bayan ya bar wa'adin shekaru 22 a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta North Carolina Tar Heels a Jami'ar North Carolina . == Sana'a == === Creighton Bluejays === Bolowich ya shiga Jami'ar Creighton a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2011. Johnny Torres da Michael Gabb, tsoffin 'yan wasa na Jami'ar Creighton, suna taimaka masa. Bolowich ya jagoranci Bluejays zuwa jimlar rikodin 95–29–12. A shekarar 2015, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Creighton Bluejays ta yi nasara sau 19 a kakar wasa, mafi yawan nasarori a Division I, da kuma matsakaicin kwallaye 2.3 a kowane wasa (wato mafi kyawun bugun ƙwallo a cikin ƙasa). A wannan kakar, Bolowich ya ɗauki Fabian Herbers, wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar MAC Hermann Trophy, da kuma ɗan wasan Big East Conference Offensive Player of the Year. Fabian Herbers da Timo Pitter sun wakilci ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Creighton Bluejays kuma an sanya su duka cikin ƙungiyar NCSAA All-America First Team. An zaɓi Vincent Keller don ƙungiyar NCSAA All-America Third Team da kuma ƙungiyar Big East Conference First Team. Nasarar da Bolowich da ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Creighton Bluejays suka samu ta ƙara samun lada, yayin da ɗan wasa na farko a wancan lokacin, Joel Rydstrand, ya shiga ƙungiyar Big East Conference All-Freshman; Timo Pitter ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan tsakiya na Big East Conference na shekara; kuma Connor Sparrow ya sami kyautar BIG EAST Co-Goalkeeper na shekara. An sanya Fabian Herbers da Timo Pitter cikin gasar MLS, kodayake Timo Pitter ya yi ritaya a watan Janairun 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Dallas' Colin Bonner and Timo Pitter choose to retire from soccer |url=http://www.fcdallas.com/post/2017/01/27/fc-dallas-colin-bonner-and-timo-pitter-choose-retire-soccer |access-date=February 6, 2017 |website=FC Dallas}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Bolowich da Creighton Bluejays sun jagoranci ƙasar da mafi kyawun kaso na nasara 16–3–3 (.795) da kuma zakarun kakar wasa ta Big East Conference (7–1–1). Bolowich ya raba kambun [[BIG EAST]] Coach of the Year, kuma Fabian Herbers Timo Pitter ya lashe kyautar [[BIG EAST]] Offensive da Midfield Players of the Year bi da bi. A shekarar 2012, Bolowich ya jagoranci Creighton zuwa rikodin 17–4–3 da kuma gasar NCAA Division I College Cup na biyu a jere duk da cewa a lokutan biyu ƙungiyar ta gaza samun Lakabin Ƙasa. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya yi a Creighton, Bolowich ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na horarwa: Kocin NCSAA Midwest na Shekara; Ma'aikatan Koyarwa na Missouri Valley Conference na Shekara; da kuma Kocin MLSoccer.com na Shekara. <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Creighton Bluejays tana wasa a filin wasa na Morrison, musamman ganin cewa Jami'ar Creighton ita ce jami'a ɗaya tilo da ke da filin wasa na musamman ga ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Creighton University Morrison Stadium |url=http://www.kiewit.com/projects/building/sports-entertainment/creighton-university-morrison-stadium/ |access-date=February 21, 2017 |website=Kiewit |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222113143/http://www.kiewit.com/projects/building/sports-entertainment/creighton-university-morrison-stadium/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Takalman Tar na Arewacin Carolina === Bolowich ya tattara tarihin 280–144–40 (0.647) <ref>{{Cite web |last=WRAL |date=February 9, 2011 |title=UNC men's soccer coach Elmar Bolowich resigns |url=https://www.wralsportsfan.com/unc/story/9087519/ |access-date=February 21, 2017 |website=WRAL Sports Fan |publisher=WRAL}}</ref> a cikin shekaru 22 tare da North Carolina, wanda hakan ya sanya shi zama kocin da ya fi kowa nasara a shirin ƙwallon ƙafa na maza na North Carolina Tar Heels . A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bolowich, ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta North Carolina Tar Heels ta lashe Gasar NCAA Division 1 ta 2001 ta hanyar kayar da Jami'ar Indiana Hoosiers 2–0 da rikodin 21–4–0 a kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's Soccer Championship |url=http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205476554 |access-date=February 6, 2017 |website=goheels.com |publisher=University of North Carolina Athletics |archive-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115336/http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205476554 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya zama taken ƙasa na farko don shirin ƙwallon ƙafa na maza na North Carolina Tar Heels . Koci Bolowich ya jagoranci shirin zuwa gasar NCAA a cikin shekaru tara daga cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, kuma ya kai ga Elite Eight biyar daga cikin shekaru 10 da ya yi a baya. A shekara ta 2001, ya lashe kyautar Kocin Shekara ta NSCAA. A cikin kakar wasa 11 da ya yi a North Carolina, Bolowich ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa wasanni 6 a zagayen kusa da na ƙarshe na NCAA . Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta North Carolina Tar Heels zuwa gasar NCAA sau 15 da kuma wasanni uku na NCAA College Cup a cikin shekaru uku kafin ya koma Jami'ar Creighton . A ƙarƙashin Koci Bolowich, Tar Heels ya kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Tekun Atlantika ta 2000 da kuma gasar kakar wasa ta yau da kullun a shekarun 2000, 2009, da 2010. Bolowich ya lashe kyautar Kocin Kasa na NSCAA a shekarar 2001 da kuma Kocin Shekara na ACC a shekarun 2000 da 2010. A Jami'ar North Carolina, ya maye gurbin kocin ƙwallon ƙafa na mata da maza na wancan lokacin Anson Dorrance don ɗaukar matsayin babban kocin a shekarar 1988 bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kocin ɗan lokaci ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heel ta maza a shekarar 1986. <ref name="olderhistory">{{Cite web |title=UNC Men's Soccer Bio |url=http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=3350&ATCLID=205676333 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222114052/http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=3350&ATCLID=205676333 |archive-date=February 22, 2017 |access-date=February 21, 2017 |website=Go Heels}}</ref> Daga 1987–8, ya kasance cikakken mataimakin kocin Dorrance. <ref name="olderhistory" /> A shekarar 1987 ne lokacin da Tar Heels ta lashe gasar ACC ta farko kuma ta ci gaba zuwa gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta NCAA Division I ta shekarar 1987 inda North Carolina ta sha kashi a hannun Jami'ar Clemson a zagaye na kusa da na ƙarshe da ci 4–1. Sun kuma lashe gasar ACC ta farko, inda suka doke NC State a wasan ƙarshe da ci 3–2. An buga wasan a filin Riggs da ke Jami'ar Clemson, duk da cewa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta North Carolina Tar Heels ta doke ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Clemson Tigers sau biyu a baya a kakar wasa ta 1987. == An horar da ƙwararrun 'yan wasa == Bolowich ya horar da 'yan wasa 45 a fagen wasa na ƙwararru tun farkon gasar Major League Soccer a 1996, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Froh |first=Tim |title=A league is born: An oral history of the inaugural MLS match |url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2016/04/06/league-born-oral-history-inaugural-mls-match |access-date=February 21, 2017 |website=MLS Soccer |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> wasu daga cikinsu sun je wasa a ƙasashen waje, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Amurka, [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]], da kuma gasar Olympics. Huɗu daga cikin tsoffin 'yan wasan Bolowich sun ci gaba da zama kocin MLS . === 'Yan wasan da suka fito a jerin sunayen 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza na Amurka === * Eddie Pope – ɗan wasan [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|FIFA na gasar cin kofin duniya]] a 1996, 2002, da 2006; gasar Olympics ta 1996 ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eddie Pope |url=https://www.olympic.org/eddie-pope |access-date=21 February 2017 |publisher=International Olympic Committee}}</ref> USMNT 1996–2006; DC United, MetroStars, Real Salt Lake * Gregg Berhalter – ɗan wasan [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|FIFA na gasar cin kofin duniya]] a 2002 da 2006: USMNT 1994–2006; Crystal Palace, 1860 Munich, Los Angeles Galaxy ; babban kocin Columbus Crew SC * Kerry Zavagnin – USMNT 2000–2006; Kansas City Wizards ; mataimakin koci na Sporting Kansas City * Logan Pause – USMNT 2009; Chicago Fire ; tsohon mataimakin kocin riƙo na Chicago Fire ; babban kocin Orange County SC * Dax McCarty – USMNT 2009–; FC Dallas, DC United, New York Red Bulls, Chicago Fire * Ethan Finlay – USMNT 2016–; Columbus Crew SC === 'Yan wasa na yanzu da na baya kwararru === * Timo Pitter * Fabian Herbers * Tyler Polak * Eric Miller * Greg Jordan * Stephen McCarthy * Rob Lovejoy * Jalil Anibaba * Michael Farfan * Kirk Urso * Zach Lloyd * Eddie Ababio * Corey Ashe * Michael Harrington * Jordan Graye * [[Michael Ueltschey]] * Justin Hughes * [[Marcus Storey]] * Tim Merritt * Caleb Norkus * Chris Leitch * Eddie Robinson * Matt Crawford * Chris Carrieri * Temoc Suarez * [[Nicholas Efthimiou]] * Chad Ashton * Dauda Testo == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/bolowich_elmar01.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929101820/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/bolowich_elmar01.html |date=2009-09-29 }} Archived * https://web.archive.org/web/20110426215305/http://www.gocreighton.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=89398&SPID=2518&DB_OEM_ID=1000&ATCLID=205093063&Q_SEASON=2010 * http://www.gocreighton.com/coaches.aspx?rc=691&path=msoc * https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2010/10/06/qa-unc-tar-heels-coach-elmar-bolowich * https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204262304577068500242533514 * [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/09/sports/soccer/bolowich-puts-creighton-in-college-cup-semifinals.html http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/09/sports/soccer/bolowich-puts-creighton-in-college-cup-semifinal.html] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} riosdc1q66rnxr6zgwv3jgjkwo7ir5s George Agbazika Innih 0 161343 891523 884534 2026-08-04T22:19:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = George Agbazika Innih | honorific_prefix = [[Major General]] | caption = | order = | office1 = [[General Officer Commanding]] [[1st Division (Nigeria)|1 Division]] Nigerian Army | term_start1 = October 1979 | term_end1 = April 1980 | predecessor1 = Brig P.A. Eromobor | successor1 = Maj-Gen. [[David Jemibewon|D.N. Jemibewon]] | office2 = Governor, [[Bendel State]], Nigeria | term_start2 = August 2, 1975 | term_end2 = March 1976 | predecessor2 = [[Samuel Ogbemudia]] | successor2 = [[Husaini Abdullahi]] | office3 = Governor, [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | term_start3 = 1976 | term_end3 = 1978 | predecessor3 = [[Ibrahim Taiwo]] | successor3 = [[Sunday Ifere]] | birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|9|25}} | birth_place = [[Agenebode]], [[Etsako East]], [[Edo State]], [[Nigeria]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2002|8|15|1938|9|25}} | death_place = [[Germany]] | spouse = Mrs Theodora innih | relations = | children = | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | website = | footnotes = | branch = [[File:Flag of the Nigerian Army Headquarters.svg|21px]] [[Nigerian Army]] | service_years = 1962–1980 | rank = [[File: Nigeria-Army-OF-7.svg|20px]] [[Major General]] | allegiance = {{flag |Nigeria}} | commands = Brigade Commander, 5 Infantry Brigade, Onitsha. Quarter Master General of the Nigerian Army. General Officer Commanding, 1Infantry Division }} '''George Agbazika Innih''' (25 ga Satumba, 1938 – 14 ga Agusta, 2002) babban hafsan rundunar sojin [[Nigerian|Najeriya]] ne kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance gwamnan soja na tsohuwar [[Bendel State|Jihar Bendel]] da kuma [[Kwara State|Jihar Kwara]].<ref name=obit/> ==Farkon rayuwa== An haifi George Agbazika Innih a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1938 a [[Agenebode]], cikin [[Etsako East]] [[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Ƙaramar Hukumar Mulki]] ta [[Edo State|Jihar Edo]]. Ya yi karatunsa a makarantar Katolika da ke [[Akure]], da Makarantar Gwamnati da ke [[Warri]], da Holy Cross Catholic School a [[Benin City]], sannan ya kammala karatunsa a [[Edo College]], Benin City.<ref name=edow>{{cite web |url=https://www.edoworld.net/General_Innih.html |title=Major General Agbazika Innih |author=Osamede Osunde |publisher=EdoWorld |access-date=2009-11-28}}</ref> ==Aikin soja== Ya shiga rundunar sojin Najeriya, inda aka horar da shi a [[Mons Officer Cadet School]] da ke [[Aldershot]], Ingila a shekarar 1962, sannan ya ci gaba da samun horo a [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], [[England|Ingila]] tsakanin shekarun 1962 zuwa 1964, sannan ya sake halartar wani horo a shekarar 1972. An naɗa shi kwamandan rundunar platoon ta Bataliya ta Huɗu ta Sojojin Ƙasa da ke [[Ibadan]] (1964–1965), mataimakin sakataren soja na Babban Hedikwatar Sojoji da ke [[Lagos]], Kanal mai kula da manyan ma'aikata na Rundunar Marine Commando ta Uku (1968–1969), sannan kwamandan Birged ta Biyar ta Sojojin Ƙasa da ke [[Onitsha]] tsakanin 1974 zuwa 1975.<ref name=obit/> Bayan juyin mulkin ranar 29 ga Yulin 1975 wanda Birgediya [[Murtala Mohammed]] ya jagoranta, an naɗa shi gwamnan soja na [[Bendel State|Jihar Bendel]], wadda daga baya aka raba ta zuwa [[Edo State|Jihar Edo]] da [[Delta State|Jihar Delta]]. Jim kaɗan bayan ya karɓi mulki, ya rusa majalisar zartarwa da kuma kwamitocin hukumomin gwamnati, ya dakatar da bayar da kwangiloli, sannan ya kafa kwamitoci domin su sake duba kuɗaɗe da ayyukan da magabacinsa [[Samuel Ogbemudia]] ya gudanar. Haka kuma an yi ritayar wasu jami'an soja da ke aiki a lokacin.<ref name=edow/> A ranar 13 ga Fabrairun 1976, Janar Murtala Mohammed ya rasu sakamakon wani yunƙurin juyin mulki da bai yi nasara ba. Mataimakinsa kuma babban hafsan ma'aikata, Laftanar Janar [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], ya zama sabon shugaban ƙasa. A watan Maris na wannan shekarar, Obasanjo ya mayar da Kanal Innih zuwa [[Kwara State|Jihar Kwara]] a matsayin gwamnan soja, inda ya maye gurbin Kyaftin ɗin Rundunar Ruwa [[Hussaini Abdullahi]]. Ya yi mulki a Jihar Kwara har zuwa shekarar 1978.<ref name=edow/> Daga shekarar 1978 zuwa 1979 ya kasance Quarter Master General na [[Nigerian Army|Rundunar Sojin Najeriya]], sannan daga 1979 zuwa 1980 ya kasance [[general officer commanding|Babban Kwamandan]] [[1st Division (Nigeria)|Rukunin Sojoji na Farko]] na Rundunar Sojin Najeriya, kafin ya yi ritaya.<ref name=obit>{{cite web |url=http://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/ajayi/111703.html |title=IN MEMORY OF GEORGE AGBAZIKA INNIH AND ELIZABETH AINA DANIEL |date=17 November 2003 |author=Dr. Femi Ajayi |publisher=NigeriaWorld |access-date=2009-11-28 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173134/http://nigeriaworld.com/columnist/ajayi/111703.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Wa'adin mulki== Kanal George A. Innih ya yi yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya tsakanin shekarun 1967 zuwa 1970. Ya kasance kwamandan bataliya a Rundunar Sojoji ta Uku (3rd Infantry Division). Bayan yaƙin, ya riƙe muƙamai daban-daban na jagoranci da gudanarwa a cikin Rundunar Sojin Najeriya. A shekarar 1976, an naɗa Innih a matsayin gwamnan soja na [[Kwara State|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya kasance gwamna mai farin jini saboda ayyukan raya ƙasa da ya aiwatar. Ya ƙaddamar da shirin Operation Feed the Nation (OFN), wani shiri na ƙasa da aka kafa domin ƙara samar da abinci ta hanyar bunƙasa noma. Haka kuma ya gina harabar [[Kwara State Stadium]] Complex, rukunin gidaje na Adewole Housing Estate, da hanyoyin Unity Road da Taiwo Road. Bugu da ƙari, ya gina sababbin kasuwanni a dukkan ƙananan hukumomin jihar, ciki har da Kasuwar Baboko da ke Ilorin. Innih ya yi ritaya daga Rundunar Sojin Najeriya a shekarar 1980. Ya rasu a shekarar 2002 yana da shekara 63 a duniya. ==Bayan ritaya== Bayan ritayarsa, Innih ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar Retired Officers of Nigerian Armed Forces Organization (RANAO). Haka kuma ya kasance shugaban kuma Manajan Darakta na Niger Valley Agro Industries Limited, shugaban kuma Manajan Darakta na Tamsaks Nigeria Limited, sannan shugaban Bridgestone Finance Limited. An karrama shi da lambar yabon ƙasa ta Order of the Federal Republic (OFR). [[University of Ilorin]] ta ba shi Digirin Girmamawa na Dokta a Fannin Shari'a (Honorary Doctor of Law) a shekarar 1998.<ref name=obit/> Ya rasu a shekarar 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=allAfrica.com -- Nigeria: Requiem for Agbazika Innih |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200210140531.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021031041321/http://allafrica.com/stories/200210140531.html |archive-date=2002-10-31}}</ref><ref>http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/ngguardian/2002/aug/21/article17.html{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Manazarta== <references /> shzp25rlujkcqv4bxh8sppy8p8xpzwy Henry Dele Alake 0 161413 891647 881671 2026-08-05T10:19:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dele Alake | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | image = HENRY ALAKE 1.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = | office = [[Ministry of Mines and Steel Development (Nigeria)|Minister of Solid Minerals Development]] | president = [[Bola Tinubu]] | term_start = 21 August 2023 | term_end = | predecessor = [[Olamilekan Adegbite]] | successor = | office1 = Lagos State Commissioner for Information and Strategy | governor1 = Bola Tinubu | term_start1 = 6 October 1999 | term_end1 = 29 May 2007 | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | birth_name = Henry Dele Alake | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|10|06}} | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[All Progressive Congress]] | spouse = | children = | parents = | relations = | education = | alma_mater = {{plainlist| * [[Igbobi College]] * [[University of Lagos]] }} | occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|activist|politician}} | profession = | website = }} '''Henry Dele Alake''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1956) ɗan jarida ne ɗan Najeriya, mai rajin kare haƙƙi, ƙwararren jami'in gwamnati (technocrat), kuma Ministan Ma'adanai Masu Ƙarfi na Tarayyar Najeriya. Ya kasance tsohon Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru na [[Lagos State|Jihar Legas]], inda ya yi aiki daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pastcommissioner.php?k=82&ek= |title=Past Commissioners, Lagos State |author=Lagos State |publisher=Lagos State Government |accessdate=28 October 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030158/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pastcommissioner.php?k=82&ek= |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alake ya shiga siyasa a Najeriya a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin sadarwa kuma aminin Marigayi Cif [[Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=7518&z=12 |title=June 12 Anniversary: How US, UK betrayed MKO –Dele Alake, confidant |author=CHRISTIAN ITA |publisher=Online Nigeria |accessdate=13 June 2006 |archive-date=27 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727025643/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=7518&z=12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> — wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1993 da aka soke a [[Nigeria|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/why-we-annuled-june-12-presidential-election-general-ibrahim-babangida/ |title=Why we {{sic|nolink=y|annuled}} June 12 Presidential election – General Ibrahim Babangida |author=Jide Ajani |date=8 June 2013 |publisher=Vanguard Newspaper}}</ref> A watan Disamban 2014, Alake ya sake bayyana a siyasar Najeriya bayan an naɗa shi Daraktan Yaɗa Labarai da Sadarwa na Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Neman Zaɓen Buhari, domin taimakawa tsohon shugaban ƙasar Najeriya, Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari]], ya yi nasara a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na watan Fabrairun 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://theeagleonline.com.ng/buharis-campaign-will-focus-on-issues-of-prosperity-hope-says-campaign-organization/ |title= Buhari's campaign will focus on issues of prosperity, hope, says campaign organization |author=Folorunso Smith |date= 23 December 2014 |publisher=The Eagle Online |accessdate=23 Dec 2014}}</ref> ==Ilimi== Alake ya yi karatun firamare a Makarantar Surulere Baptist Primary School da ke Surulere, [[Lagos State|Legas]], daga shekarar 1961 zuwa 1967. Daga bisani ya halarci [[Christ's School Ado Ekiti]], inda ya samu Takardar Shaidar Makarantar Yammacin Afirka (West African School Certificate). Ya kuma samu General Certificate of Education (GCE) a shekarar 1974 yayin da yake karatun Higher School Certificate a [[Igbobi College]], [[Yaba, Lagos|Yaba]], [[Lagos State|Legas]], tsakanin shekarun 1973 da 1975. A shekarar 1975 ya shiga [[University of Lagos]] da ke Akoka, [[Lagos]], inda ya karanci Kimiyyar Siyasa (Political Science) kuma ya kammala da digirin Bachelor of Science (BSc) a shekarar 1978.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=70482|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Class and style at 2008 Unilag alumni dinner |author=TAJUDEEN ADEBANJO |accessdate=2008-11-21|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya koma jami'ar, inda ya samu digirin digirgir na biyu (Master's degree) a fannin Mass Communication a shekarar 1981. ==Aikin jarida== Alake ya fara aikin jarida ne bayan kammala jami'a lokacin da ya yi bautar ƙasa (NYSC) a [[Ogun State Broadcasting Corporation]] (OGBC). Bayan kammala bautar ƙasa, ya samu aiki a Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation (LSBC) a matsayin Babban Mataimakin Edita (Senior Sub-Editor), inda ya yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 1980. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Jami'in Shirye-shiryen Harkokin Yanzu (Current Affairs Officer), Babban Jami'in Shirye-shiryen Harkokin Yanzu, sannan aka ɗaga shi zuwa Babban Jami'i (Principal Current Affairs Officer) a shekarar 1983. Saboda ƙwarewarsa a kafafen yaɗa labarai na rediyo da talabijin, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa [[Lagos Television]] (LTV 8),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lagostelevision.com/about-us/ |title=About Us |author=Lagos State Television |publisher=LTV |access-date=17 July 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821074444/http://www.lagostelevision.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> tashar 'yar'uwar LSBC. Daga baya ya koma aikin jarida na rubuce-rubuce. A ƙarshen shekarar 1985 ya shiga Concord Press, masu wallafa jaridun National Concord da Sunday Concord, a matsayin marubuci da edita. Bayan shekara guda aka naɗa shi marubucin shafi (columnist) a National Concord, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 1989. Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka naɗa shi Editan Sunday Concord, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekarar 1995.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qz9BlWO7ExwC&q=dele+alake+CONCORD&pg=PA44 |title=Repressive State and Resurgent Media Under Nigeria's Military Dictatorship |author=Ayo Olukotun |year=2004 |publisher=Ayo Olukotun - Google e-Books |isbn=9789171065247 }}</ref> Daga bisani a shekarar 1995 aka naɗa shi Editan National Concord, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa watan Yunin 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esinislam.com/Articles201304/WritersArticles_AbdulwareesSolanke_0422.htm |title=Inside Abiola's Concord; Reporting from Yola |author=Abdulwarees Solanke |publisher=ESINISLAM |accessdate=22 April 2013}}</ref> ==Aikin siyasa== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | header = | header_align = right/left/center | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = right/left/center | footer_background = | width = | image1 = Henry Dele Alake campaign electioneering.jpg | width1= 180 | alt1 = Supporters of Dele Alake During Alake's Senatorial Campaign | caption1 = Magoya bayan Dele Alake yayin yaƙin neman zaɓensa na Sanata | image2 = ALAKE1.png | width2 = 180 | alt2 = Dele Alake Speaking at a Public Function | caption2 = Dele Alake yana jawabi a wani taron jama'a}} Alake ya shiga siyasa lokacin da aka naɗa shi Mai Ba da Shawara kan Yaɗa Labarai ga mai aikinsa kuma jagoransa, Marigayi Bashorun [[M.K.O. Abiola]], domin taimaka masa a yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1993. Duk da kasancewarsa Editan Sunday Concord, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaƙin neman zaɓen da ya kai ga nasarar M.K.O. Abiola a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=Dele Alake is Tinubu’s SA Special Duties, Communications, Strategy |url=https://www.thestar.ng/dele-alake-is-tinubus-sa-special-duties-communications-strategy/ |access-date=2026-06-18 |website=[www.thestar.ng](http://www.thestar.ng) |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan soke sakamakon zaɓen,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/why-we-annuled-june-12-presidential-election-general-ibrahim-babangida/ |title=Why we {{sic|nolink=y|annuled}} June 12 Presidential election – General Ibrahim Babangida |author=Jide Ajani |date=8 June 2013 |publisher=Vanguard Newspaper}}</ref> gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Marigayi Janar [[Sani Abacha]] ta tsananta masa saboda ƙoƙarinsa na neman a dawo da sakamakon zaɓen. Daga baya ya tsere zuwa gudun hijira, inda ya haɗa kai da Sanata [[Bola Tinubu]], Laftanar Janar [[Ipoola Alani Akinrinade]] (mai ritaya), Farfesa Bolaji Akinyemi, Cif John Oyegun da sauran shugabannin [[National Democratic Coalition, Nigeria|NADECO]] wajen fafutukar dawo da dimokuraɗiyya. Ya dawo Najeriya a shekarar 1995 bayan sake buɗe Concord Press. A watan Yunin 1999, aka naɗa shi Mai Ba da Shawara na Musamman kan Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru ga Gwamnan [[Lagos State|Jihar Legas]], Sanata [[Bola Tinubu]]. A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1999 aka naɗa shi Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru na jihar. Ya riƙe wannan muƙami har zuwa shekarar 2007. Shi ne mutum na farko da ya riƙe muƙamin Kwamishinan Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru a tarihin Najeriya, bayan ya samu amincewar gwamna a sauya sunan ma'aikatar zuwa Ma'aikatar Yaɗa Labarai da Dabaru. A shekarar 2010, Alake ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar kujerar Sanatan Ekiti ta Tsakiya a [[Ekiti State|Jihar Ekiti]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/dele-alake-joins-the-ekiti-race/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Dele Alake joins the Ekiti race |author=Ishola Balogun |date=10 April 2010 |accessdate=10 April 2010|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Sai dai rikicin cikin jam'iyya ya sa ya janye daga takarar.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/01/alake-quits-senatorial-race/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Alake quits senatorial race |date=13 January 2011 |accessdate=13 January 2011|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> A wani lokaci kuma an yi kuskuren haɗa sunansa da wani rahoto da ke cewa wani basarake ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe wani Dele Alake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=121197 |title=COURT REMANDS OBA OF IGBADAE OVER ATTEMPTED MURDER ON DELE ALAKE |publisher=Osun Defender |access-date=7 June 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012224037/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=121197 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan wannan ruɗani, Alake ya musanta rahoton tare da neman kafafen yaɗa labarai su janye labarin.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/09/19/dele-alake-refutes-alleged-murder-attempt/|location=Lagos, Nigeria |title=Dele Alake refutes alleged murder attempt |accessdate=19 September 2013|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Agustan 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya naɗa shi Ministan Bunƙasa Ma'adanai Masu Ƙarfi (Solid Minerals Development).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tolu-Kolawole |first=Deborah |date=2023-08-16 |title=Full list of ministers and designations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-of-ministers-and-designations/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Lambobin yabo da ƙungiyoyi== Alake tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Nigerian Guild of Editors]] ne.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/display_search.php?news_source=&news_id=101861 |title=Dele Alake – Vice-President, Nigerian Guild of Editors |author=The Nation / Ekiti Online |publisher=The Nation |access-date=2026-07-12 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215730/http://www.ekiti.com/ekitinews/display_search.php?news_source=&news_id=101861 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mamba ne na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da dama na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, ciki har da [[Nigeria Union of Journalists]] (NUJ) da West African Union of Journalists. Ya kuma samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga aikin jarida, ciki har da lambar yabo ta ECOWAS International Gold Award a shekarar 2000, Special Recognition Award, Radio Lagos Public Service Award da sauran su. Ya taɓa zama Shugaban reshen NUJ na Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation, kuma a halin yanzu Fellow ne na Nigerian Guild of Editors (NGE). ==Manazarta== 37dyp2xny5nojnss9gth7fl78w08ag6 Einat Kalisch-Rotem 0 161426 891323 881731 2026-08-04T12:21:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Einat Kalisch-Rotem''' (Hebrew: עינת קליש-רותם; born 3 September 1970, Haifa) is an Israeli urban planner and [[Ɗan siyasa|politician]] who served as mayor of Haifa from 2018 to 2024. She was the first female mayor to lead any of the three major cities in Israel. == Early life and career == Kalisch was born, raised, and educated in Haifa. Her father, Avraham, was a researcher and lecturer at the Technion's material engineering department, and at the Shmuel Na'am institution. As a youth, she studied at the Alliance All Israel Friends high school, where she was active in the student council. During her military service, Kalisch served in the Israeli Air Force as a research diagnostician. Her brother died at the age of 19 from cancer, and a year later, her mother died of cancer at 54.<ref name="הארץ" /> In 1995, Kalisch earned her Bachelor's in [[Karatun zanen gine-gine|Architecture]] from the Technion, and in 2001, she earned her Master's in Urban Planning from the Technion. In 2007, she completed her PhD in Urban Planning from ETH Zurich in [[Switzerland]]. From 1996-2012, she taught at Tel Aviv University and at the Technion. In the year 2012, Kalisch established the "Metvah Eroni" firm for planning cities and regions, together with architect Yael Sion-Geist. The firm continues its professional activities under the management of Sion-Geist after Kalisch became mayor of Haifa in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=אודות |url=https://www.mitve-ir.com/about |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=mitveirony-portfolio |language=he}}</ref> The company prepared the outline plans for the development of Majdal Shams, Yarka, and Kibbutz Meirav. She won an award and a commendation for a project proposal she submitted to the High Line in Manhattan. In 2004, she hosted and produced several programs of "House Stories - The Development of Architecture in Tel Aviv", for the Teva HaHavid channel. In 2007, she won a prize from the [[Ma'aikatar Kariyar Muhalli ta Israel|Ministry of Environmental Protection's]] Green Building competition's "restoration of existing textures and the built environment" category. In the year 2010, Kalisch won the prize in the "Reusing the water towers" category in the competition held by the Council for Conservation of Heritage Sites in Israel and the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design. == Public career == In 2011, Kalisch was elected as chairwoman of the Architects' Association of Haifa and to the executive committee of the Coalition for Public Health. In the following year, she led, together with Gila Zamir and Nitzan Kloch, a campaign to find a solution for the route of the railways in Haifa to allow a greater opening of the sea for the city. Kalisch first ran for Mayor of Haifa in 2013. She won 14% of the vote, coming in third place behind Yaakov Borowski and incumbent Yona Yahav.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Haifa Elections Municipales - Municipal elections 2013 |url=https://www.haifa-israel.info/electionsmunicipales.html |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=www.haifa-israel.info |archive-date=27 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727094257/https://www.haifa-israel.info/electionsmunicipales.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> She was convicted in March 2018 of violating the Planning and Construction Law in the Court for Local Affairs in Hadera, regarding the construction of a private house in Zichron Yaakov, which was built without a building permit and fined 30,000 ILS.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yael Darel |date=13 March 2013 |title=Because of a three floors private house and a basement: a candidate for the mayor of Haifa was convicted of a serious building offense |url=https://www.themarker.com/realestate/1.5896154 |journal=[[TheMarker]] |language=he |access-date=8 November 2018}}</ref> In the municipal elections of 2018 held in October, she and her party were disqualified from running in the elections according to the decision of the Elections Administration, after the Labor Party's lawyer signed both her forms and those of the "Lovers of Haifa" list run by Yisrael Savyon of the Labor Party. This created a situation in which two lists represented the Labor Party in the elections in the city, in violation of the election law. In response, Kalisch-Rotem and several organizations submitted a petition to the Haifa District Court, but the petition was rejected. In the appeal filed with the High Court of Justice, her appeal was accepted, and it was determined that she was entitled to contend because she acted in good faith. In the 2018 Haifa mayoral election, she defeated Yona Yahav with 56% of the vote. === Mayor of Haifa === Kalisch has put the development of Haifa airport as one of the main points in her platform. In March 2019, after a struggle with other institutions in Haifa, an agreement with the Ministry of Transportation was reached to allow for the airport's runway to be lengthened, but not to the length that Kalisch campaigned for. During her first year in office, she continued to hold conferences intended for public participation in various issues such as clearing and construction in the neighborhoods of Kiryat Eliezer and Kiryat Haim Mizrahit as well as on the issues of feeding cats and establishing a "pig patrol" in order to reduce the damage caused by wild pigs. In addition, it worked with the "Tovvan" company on an internet platform to receive feedback from the public regarding various urban programs (dog parks, rehabilitation of water parks, bicycle paths, etc.) and the "2030 Administration" was established, with the aim of formulating a strategy for the renewal of the city of Haifa for the coming years on a variety of issues.<ref>{{Cite web |last=קירשטיין |first=רולי |date=2020-05-10 |title=נקבעו המקומות שבהם יותר להציב משאיות אוכל |url=https://www.colbonews.co.il/general/77801/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=כלבו – חיפה והקריות |language=he}}</ref> Kalisch promoted the parking project according to which you can park for free for 20 minutes in selected areas of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |last=קירשטיין |first=רולי |date=2019-09-24 |title=חדש בחיפה: חניה בחינם ל-20 דקות במקומות נבחרים |url=https://www.colbonews.co.il/haifa-news/64479/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=כלבו – חיפה והקריות |language=he}}</ref> In July 2021, a coalition crisis broke out. Most of the members of the city council signed a document in which there was an attack against her. Unusually, the city council approved a proposed resolution calling for her to resign. Following the move, Attorney David Etzioni resigned, and her two other deputies, Shahira Shelvi and Lazar Kaplan, were fired and in their place opposition members Sofi Nakash, Shimshon Ido and Avihu Han were appointed as deputies by the council. The salary of two of her substitutes and her deputy: Michi Alper and Nachshon Tzuk was denied. Kalisch was left with an opposing council, in which she does not have a majority, and her ability to promote moves within the scope of her position is limited.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ברויר |first=שקד |date=2021-07-10 |title=מכה לקליש: חברי קואליציה סיכלו יחד עם האופוזיציה עדכונים בתקציב לצורך פרויקטים שראש העיר מעוניינת לקדם |url=https://haipo.co.il/item/288551 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=חי פֹּה - תאגיד החדשות של חיפה והסביבה |language=he-IL}}</ref> After five years in office as mayor, in 2024 Haifa mayoral election, she received only 4.5% of the votes and was eliminated from the race.<ref>{{Cite web |title=יהב מוביל בחיפה לקראת הסיבוב השני, קליש־רותם זכתה ל-4.5% והודחה |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/local/2024-02-28/ty-article/.premium/0000018d-ee24-d401-a3dd-ef3ef3f00000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127231438/https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/local/2024-02-28/ty-article/.premium/0000018d-ee24-d401-a3dd-ef3ef3f00000 |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=Haaretz הארץ |language=he}}</ref> In the end, Yona Yahav was elected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=כרמי |first=נגה |date=2024-03-11 |title=Yona Yahav's victory in the second round - Haifa's next mayor - Chai Poh - The News Corporation of Haifa and the surrounding area |url=https://haipo.co.il/en/item/506762 |access-date=2025-01-14 |website=חי פֹּה - תאגיד החדשות של חיפה והסביבה |language=en}}</ref> == Personal life == Kalisch has a black belt in karate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=מיהי עינת קליש רותם, המתמודדת שסחפה את חיפה |url=https://www.mako.co.il/women-women_news/Article-c7726054b09c661006.htm |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=mako}}</ref> She is married to Boaz Kalisch, a mechanical engineer specializing in medical technologies, and they have two sons. She lives in the Ramot Sapir neighborhood in Haifa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ki8icj6sf2779vm8cgkmzsarb6a1jc Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Muqrin 0 161482 891388 882073 2026-08-04T16:12:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Faisal bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al-Muqrin''' Yarima ne na Saudiyya wanda ya rike mukamin magajin garin [[Riyadh]] tun daga ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz appointed as Riyadh mayor by royal decree |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1590146/saudi-arabia |access-date=18 June 2020 |website=Arab News}}</ref> Ya ƙware a cikin tsarawa da gudanarwa na birane kuma yana da digiri na biyu a cikin "Tsarin Birni da Yankin da Gudanarwa. " Mahaifinsa, Yarima Abdulaziz bin Mohammed bin Ayyaf Al-Muqrin, mai ba da shawara ne ga mai kula da Masallatai Masu Tsarki Biyu [[Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Sarki Salman bin Abdulaziz]], kuma Mataimakin Ministan Tsaro na Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=عام / أمر ملكي : تعيين صاحب السمو الأمير فيصل بن عبدالعزيز بن محمد بن عياف آل مقرن أميناً لمنطقة الرياض بالمرتبة الممتازة وكالة الأنباء السعودية |url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=2003467#2003467 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613175617/https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar |archive-date=13 June 2019 |access-date=2019-11-26 |website=www.spa.gov.sa}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=سمو الأمير فيصل بن عبد العزيز بن عياف |url=https://princefaisal.alriyadh.gov.sa/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=princefaisal.alriyadh.gov.sa}}</ref> Yarima Faisal yana jagorantar kungiyoyi da yawa, kamfanoni, da allon daraktoci ban da rawar da yake takawa a yanzu. Ya kuma jagoranci majalisun da kwamitoci da yawa a cikin [[Saudi Arebiya|Masarautar Saudi Arabia]] . Tare da kwarewar kwararru a ci gaban birane, ya yi aiki tare da kamfanoni daban-daban a cikin Saudi Arabia da kuma duniya. Ya ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan da yawa a Royal Commission for Riyadh City kuma ya haɗa kai da kamfanonin gine-gine a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Kanada]], da [[Faransa]]. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami da mataimakin koyarwa a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] da Jami'ar King Saud . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://remat.sa/en/pages/leaders.aspx |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=remat.sa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=فيصل عبدالعزيز بن محمد بن عياف {{!}} Faculty members |url=https://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/en/faalmogren |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=faculty.ksu.edu.sa}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ya sami digiri na farko tare da girmamawa daga Kwalejin Gine-gine da Shirye-shiryen a Jami'ar King Saud . Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gine-gine da Urban Design daga Jami'ar Columbia da ke New York a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=Faisal Almogren (MUP '16) |url=https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2016/01/faisal-almogren/ |website=gsd.harvard.edu}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ya kammala digiri na biyu a fannin Shirye-shiryen Birane da Gudanarwa a [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. Takardar bincikensa tana da taken: "Ci gaban Birane da Gudanarwa: Riyadh da Gulf Cities. " An ba shi PhD a cikin "Tsarin Birane da Yankin" daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley, a cikin 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faisal Al Muqrin, PH.D. Students - City and Regional Planning |url=https://ced.berkeley.edu/academics/city-regional-planning/people/phd-students/faisal-almogren |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620144015/https://ced.berkeley.edu/academics/city-regional-planning/people/phd-students/faisal-almogren |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=18 June 2020 |website=ced.berkeley.edu}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=أخبار 24 |date=2019-11-26 |title=السيرة الذاتية لأمين منطقة الرياض الجديد الأمير فيصل بن عياف |url=https://www.akhbaar24.com/article/detail/468953 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=أخبار 24 |language=ar}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == Yarima Faisal ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsara birane a Royal Commission for [[Riyadh]] city kuma a matsayin mai tsara zane da nazarin birane a Skidmore, Owings &amp;amp; Merrill a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], da sauran matsayi a fagen tsara birane. An nada shi a matsayin Magajin garin Riyadh ta hanyar dokar sarauta a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2019 (29 / 3 / 1441H). <ref>{{Cite web |title=أمانة منطقة الرياض |url=https://www.alriyadh.gov.sa/en/content/AboutAmana/THJFOTBjWHdwL289 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.alriyadh.gov.sa}}</ref> Garin Riyadh yana daya daga cikin mafi girma a Saudi Arabia dangane da fa'ida da iko, yana kula da kananan hukumomi 63 a fadin yankin Riyadh, gami da birane, gwamnatoci, da gundumomi. Yarima Faisal ya himmatu ga inganta ayyukan karamar hukumar, ya kaddamar da aikin Riyadh Humanization a cikin unguwa da yawa da sake fasalin karamar hukumar tare da sabon tsarin aiki da aka gabatar a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=عبدالله |first=أحمد |title=في اليوم العالمي للمدن.. توجه سعودي لـ”أنسنة” مدن المملكة |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/lifestyle/2022/11/1/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> '''Kungiyoyi da Kamfanoni''' Yana jagorantar kungiyoyi da kamfanoni da yawa, ciki har da: * Shugaban kamfanin Riyadh Holding Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=نبذة عن شركة الرياض القابضة |url=https://arriyadhholding.com.sa/About-Us/About |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220215839/https://arriyadhholding.com.sa/About-Us/About |archive-date=20 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=arriyadhholding.com.sa}}</ref> * Shugaban, Kamfanin Ci Gaban Riyadh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://riyadh.dev/en/leadership/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=Riyadh Development Company |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202202739/https://riyadh.dev/en/leadership/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Shugaban, Kamfanin Ci Gaban Rimat Riyadh <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://remat.sa/en/pages/leaders.aspx |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=remat.sa}}</ref> * Shugaban, Cibiyar Ayyukan Infrastructure, Yankin Riyadh <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Mission {{!}} RIPC |url=https://www.ripc.gov.sa/en/about |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.ripc.gov.sa |language=en}}</ref> * Shugaban, Cibiyar Ci gaban Birane ta Larabawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=سبق |date=2022-10-06 |title="المغيري" مديرًا عامًّا لـ"المعهد العربي لإنماء المدن" |url=https://sabq.org/saudia/regions/uorm4f9xbj |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=صحيفة سبق الالكترونية |language=ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prince Faisal bin Abdul Aziz bin Ayyaf – Arab Urban Development Institute |url=https://araburban.org/en/crew/prince-faisal-bin-abdul-aziz-bin-ayyaf/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Membobin kwamitin da kwamitocin''' Ya rike mukamai da yawa na gudanarwa a kan allon kamfanoni da cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=عام / وزارة الثقافة تعلن تشكيل مجلس إدارة هيئة فنون العمارة والتصميم |url=https://www.spa.gov.sa/2114589 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=spa.gov.sa |language=ar}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=سمو الأمير فيصل بن عبد العزيز بن عياف |url=https://princefaisal.alriyadh.gov.sa/#skills |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=princefaisal.alriyadh.gov.sa}}</ref><ref name=":3"/> * memba na kwamitin, Royal Commission for Riyadh City <ref>{{Cite web |title=about-us |url=https://www.rcrc.gov.sa/en/about-us}}</ref> * memba, Majalisar Yankin Riyadh <ref name=":1"/> * memba na kwamitin, Hukumar Raya Diriyah Gate . <ref>{{Cite web |title=مجلس إدارة هيئة تطوير بوابة الدرعيّة |url=https://dgda.gov.sa/our-company/our-leadership.aspx?lang=ar-sa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610021158/https://dgda.gov.sa/our-company/our-leadership.aspx?lang=ar-sa |archive-date=2024-06-10 |access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> * memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Zuba Jari na Qiddiya * memba na kwamitin zartarwa, New Murabba Development Company. * memba na kwamitin, Gidauniyar Sarki Salman Park * memba na kwamitin, Riyadh Non-Profit Foundation * memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Ci gaban Al-Soudah * memba na kwamitin, Gidauniyar Sports Boulevard . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn about the Sports Boulevard - The world's largest linear park. |url=https://sportsboulevard.sa/en/about-us |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=sportsboulevard.sa |language=en}}</ref> * memba na kwamitin, Hukumar Gine-gine da zane-zane * memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Ci gaban Filin Jirgin Sama na Sarki Salman * memba na kwamitin, Riyadh Airlines * Kwamitin Amintattun memba, Gidauniyar Taimako ta Riyadh don Kimiyya * memba na kwamitin, Tuwaiq Nature Reserve * memba na kwamitin, Kamfanin Riyadh Holding Company for Investment and Development * memba na kwamitin, Asusun Zuba Jari na Ayyuka * memba na kwamitin, Cibiyar Mazaunin Premium * memba na kwamitin gudanarwa, Green Riyadh Project. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Karamar Hukumar Riyadh. * Shugaban, Majalisar Ba da Shawara, Gidajen Kasa da Kasa na Sarki Abdullah. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Shirin Wadi Al-Sulay. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Inganta Yanayin Birane. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Kula da Birni. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Kulawa, Ayyukan Kasuwanci. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gudanar da Kudi. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Canjin Dijital. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Shirye-shirye da Ci Gaban. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Ƙananan Hukumomi. * Shugaban, Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen da Canjin Cibiyoyin. == Littattafai == Yarima Faisal ya wallafa littattafai da yawa, takardun bincike, labarai, da wallafe-wallafe, gami da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=أمانة منطقة الرياض |url=https://www.alriyadh.gov.sa/ar/Mayors/NXhKY1pRRlJBaWs9 |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.alriyadh.gov.sa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=abdullah |first=fahad |date=2023-02-26 |title=من هو الأمير فيصل بن عبدالعزيز بن عياف |url=https://almanshorat.com/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=المنشورات |language=ar}}</ref> Tsarin birni mai amfani: Wani ra'ayi na daban akan Shirye-shiryen a Riyadh . Ya kuma rubuta wani labarin da aka sake dubawa a cikin Jaridar Duniya ta Nazarin Gabas ta Tsakiya a cikin 2017 mai taken "Reprioritizing the Human Element in Gulf Cities' Development". Ya rubuta littafin Turning Points... Ginin Birni a Riyadh da Gulf, wanda Tara Publishing ta buga a cikin 2017. Ya wallafa wata takarda mai taken "Birni a Gabas ta Tsakiya mai tasowa" a cikin Harvard Graduate School of Design Exhibition a cikin 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3zqyndftbc4kichj94kxawcfi6vt3ha Erwin Panndorf 0 161577 891383 882918 2026-08-04T14:58:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Erwin Panndorf''' (7 January 1904 in Gera, 10 December 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a German communist, trade unionist and anti-fascist resistance fighter<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panndorf, Erwin |url=https://stolpersteine-gera.de/biographien/detail/?tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine%5Bstolperstein%5D=19&tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine%5Baction%5D=show&tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine%5Bcontroller%5D=Stolperstein&cHash=44f311eef2c7cea6e7afbd4c01229885 |access-date=16 July 2022 |website=Stolpersteine Gera |language=de |archive-date=16 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716114602/https://stolpersteine-gera.de/biographien/detail/?tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine&#91;stolperstein&#93;=19&tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine&#91;action&#93;=show&tx_stolpersteine_stolpersteine&#91;controller&#93;=Stolperstein&cHash=44f311eef2c7cea6e7afbd4c01229885 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who became a Soviet GRU intelligence agent. In Gera, he was an active member of the Young Communist League of Germany (KJVD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). As a trained locksmith, he moved to the Soviet Union in 1930 to find work. From 1937 to 1939, he fought as an Interbrigadist during the Spanish Civil War. When he returned Panndorf was recruited by the 5th Department of Red Army intelligence and trained as a spy. In May 1942, Panndorf along with Willi Börner parachuted into East Prussia in a veritable suicide mission, to conduct spying operations{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} In July 1942, he was arrested by the Gestapo and on 10 December 1942 he was shot in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. == Life == Erwin Panndorf was one of five children born to a working-class family.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} He grew up in the working-class suburb of Zwötzen.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} From 1910 to 1918, Panndorf attended the eight-form primary school. Starting in 1918, he completed an apprenticeship as a machine fitter at the Sonntag company, a medium-sized mechanical engineering firm in Gera. During his apprenticeship, he joined the German Metal Workers' Union.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} After completing his apprenticeship in 1921, Panndorf worked as a locksmith in various mechanical engineering companies. In 1924, he started working as a machine fitter at the Rudolf Jahr company in Gera, which was important for him. There he was in direct contact with members of the KPD;Soviet workers and communists who dealt with export orders that the Jahr company was sending to the Soviet Union.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} As a result of the world economic crisis in autumn 1929, which led to deindustrialisation in Gera, Panndorf became unemployed.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} == Career == [[Fayil:Stolperstein_für_Erwin_Panndorf_(Gera).jpg|right|thumb|A Stolperstein to honour Panndorf, located in 4 Pfarrstraße in Gera]] Due to the proletarian environment in Zwötzen, the Gera labour movement significantly influenced and played an important role for Panndorf from an early age.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} As a young person who was politically active, he took part in anti-war demonstrations during the [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|World War I]] and in the food riots that also broke out in Gera.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1975}} On 15 March 1920, Panndorf was involved in the suppression of the Kapp Putsch in Gera.{{Sfn|Buchmann|1984}} In 1920, Panndorf joined the Communist Youth League (KJD, from 1925 renamed KJVD) and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1975}} The Youth League became Panndorf's main political field of activity in the early 1920s. He was involved in the association's internal educational work, political agitation in the countryside, the supervision of workers' children's groups (within the framework of the "{{Interlanguage link|Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft der Kinderfreunde|de}}") and in the hiking and sports movement. He was also involved in recruiting members and taking part in spectacular actions of the youth association,{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} such as the preparations for the annual May Day celebrations. In April 1924, for example, Panndorf and his comrades hoisted red flags on a 20-metre-high electric high-voltage pylons in the immediate vicinity of the police station, and on the night before 1 May 1924, a group of the KJD under his leadership painted over the Kaiser Wilhelm equestrian monument in Gera with red varnish, which was meant to represent a protest against militarism and the state authorities.{{Sfn|Goldammer|Scheffel|1980}} According to contemporary witnesses, these actions became known beyond Thuringia.{{Sfn|Bock|1984}} In September 1922, Panndorf emigrated to southern Germany in order to get in touch with other working-class youth groups. In Munich, as an amateur player, he was part of an agitation group that supported the work of the KPD. Several performances by the group were banned by the police. At the end of 1922, Panndorf returned to Gera and resumed political work there. He took an active part in the general strike to overthrow the Cuno government and mobilized apprentices from the advanced training school in Gera.{{Sfn|Scheffel|1984}} After the KPD and all of its affiliated organizations were banned on 23 November 1923, the local KJD group in Zwötzen, led by Panndorf, continued its work illegally until the ban was lifted on 1 March 1924.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} In 1924, Panndorf joined the Red Young Storm and later the Red Front Fighters' League (RFB).{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} As a member of the latter, he took over the protection of communist events and he took part in RFB demonstrations.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} In addition, Panndorf became active in the workers' sports and hiking movement in the mid-1920s.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} As a workers' athlete who focused on athletics, handball and gymnastics, he led the way as a flag bearer at the 1926 sports festival of the Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund (ATSB), which he joined in 1928, in Elsterberg. In the course of time, Panndorf also devoted himself increasingly to party work. He increasingly appeared as a speaker at KPD and KJVD meetings throughout Thuringia.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} He also regularly took part in Reich youth meetings of the KJVD, for example in Hamburg in 1927 and in Leipzig in 1930.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} In Gera, he also became a member of the unemployed council.{{Sfn|Kaiser|2007}} Panndorf had extensive political experience by the end of the 1920s and he was quite well known in the Gera workers' movement.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} == Working in the Soviet Union == The further course of Panndorf's life, who had been unemployed since the beginning of 1930, changed decisively in the first half of 1930. The decisive factors were his personal contacts with Soviet workers and the developments in the [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]] at the time, which had been striving for an enormous industrialisation push since 1929 within the framework of the First five-year plan. Qualified specialists like Panndorf were needed in the construction of the 1,500 new large-scale enterprises to be built in the Soviet Union.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} The KPD called for skilled workers, engineers and technicians to be delegated to the Soviet Union.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} After discussions with a Soviet acceptance engineer in Gera and thanks to the mediation of the Soviet trade representation in Berlin, Panndorf received a two-year work contract as a locksmith at the Second State Clock Factory in Moscow. Together with 40 other German specialists, he started work as a mechanic in August 1930.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} A publicity photo in the globally circulated Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung newspaper showed him and {{Interlanguage link|Walter Vosseler|de}}, a German comrade and colleague of Panndorf's in Moscow, working on a lathe.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} According to Vossler, Panndorf quickly made contact with the Soviet workers in the factory and was held in high esteem because of his technical knowledge and social activities. This led to him being elected by the workers at the factory in January 1931 as a deputy to the Soviet of the Moscow district of Presnensky District, in which the factory was located.{{Sfn|Vosseler|1984}} In August 1931, Panndorf finally moved to the First Moscow State Clock Factory, where he worked as a machinist and fitter. At the factory he met Maria Ivanovna, then a consomlol, whom he eventually married and with whom he had their daughter Ilsa. At the beginning of 1935, Panndorf's career took him to the then largest machine tool factory in Moscow, the "Ordzhonikidze", where he worked as a foreman in a machine shop department.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} He received awards and benefits for his work at the factory. On 31 December 1931, for example, he was awarded the honorary title of "Activist of the 3rd Year of the Five-Year Plan as a Builder of Socialism". In addition to his work at the factory, Panndorf continued to be politically active. Thus he was an elected deputy in the City District Soviet in Moscow. In the spring of 1934, he served as an instructor on the Moscow regional radio committee.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} He also attended the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West for two years. He was then admitted to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1934.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} == Interbrigadist in Spain == After the outbreak of the civil war in Spain on 17 July 1936, Panndorf answered the call for solidarity from the executive committee of the Communist International (Comintern) and joined the International Brigades. He completed eight weeks of military training at a special school of the military academy in Ryazan with about 140 other German volunteers. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant after his training. He also held the rank of lieutenant in Spain. On 30 May 1937 he arrived at the main Interbrigadist base in Albacete.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} He was assigned as commander to an eight-man tank repair platoon in the Interbrigade's tank unit. In addition to normal repairs, the tank repair platoon had to cannibalise broken-down tanks to obtain spare parts and rebuild captured tanks.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} Panndorf experienced his first military confrontation at the Battle of Brunete in July 1937. He was also deployed with his mobile repair platoon at the Battle of Belchite, which was heavily contested, at the Battle of Teruel and on the Aragon Front. By 1938, Panndorf had spent eight months in wartime action at the front.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} With the withdrawal of the Interbrigades to France in October 1938, Panndorf was sent to a demobilisation camp, where he remained until January 1939. When the first newly formed international battalions went to the front in Barcelona at the end of January 1939, Panndorf volunteered again. He went to the front with the first squad, where he was incorporated into the 1st Battalion of the 11th Brigade as a rifle commander. After the final defeat of the Spanish Republic in spring 1939, he left Spain for France. There, Panndorf was imprisoned until the end of March 1939.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} Due to his Soviet citizenship, he was spared extradition to Germany and was able to return to his family in Moscow on 1 April 1939.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} == Soviet spy == When he returned home to the Soviet Union, Panndorf resumed working as a master craftsman at the "Ordschonikidse" factory.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} Immediately after Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Panndorf was recruited by the 5th Department of Red Army intelligence.{{Sfn|Goldammer|Scheffel|1980}} During the war, selected German émigrés had the opportunity to be deployed as paratroopers, partisans or members of certain special formations in the enemy's rear.{{Sfn|Erler|2000}} Panndorf was one of about 50 German émigrés who trained to become intelligence agents.{{Sfn|German Society of Friendship}} During training by the Comintern, the German participants were prepared militarily, politically and in terms of intelligence for their deployment.{{Sfn|Erler|2000}} Above all, Spanish fighters who had military experience such as Panndorf received two months of training in Petrovsk from August 1941. Here the participants were prepared for their future missions as a Soviet GRU agent that conducted military reconnaissance (known as a ''Scout'' in Soviet parlance).{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1986}} They received military training, which included making explosives and false identity papers, as well as photography, ciphering techniques and wireless telegraphy, parachuting, armed self-defence and driving.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} After the basic training was completed, Panndorf attended the International Lenin School, a Comintern school.{{Sfn|Kaiser|2007}} While there, Panndorf received political, physical and moral training. He learned how to distribute leaflets and write pamphlets on basic military training. They also dealt with the theoretical foundations of the communist movement, the ideology of Nazism and current war events.{{Sfn|Erler|2001}} Almost all of the graduates of these first training courses were deployed as Soviet military reconnaissance agents. The largest operation took place in May 1942, when several participants – including Panndorf – parachuted individually or in groups over German territory.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} Their scouting mission took place at a time when the German resistance around Schulze-Boysen/Harnack in Berlin was in the process of transmitting information about German attack plans and equipment to Soviet agencies by radio contact. In addition, important resistance groups existed around the KPD in Saxony and Thuringia. The German émigrés sent were to support these groups and build up further networks.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} Espionage and sabotage in military and armaments objects as well as reconnaissance of the domestic political situation in the German Reich were also tasks of the scouts.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} == Mission == On the night of 16–17 May 1942, Panndorf whose code name was "Stepanow", along with Willi Börner and Erna Eifler and Wilhelm Fellendorf, began the mission as part of the first group jump.{{Sfn|Erler|2000}} Panndorf and Börner formed one operational group and parachuted over a patch of forest close to the city of Allenstein in East Prussia. Their equipment included appropriate funds and identification papers, rations for ten days, and a revolver and hand grenades.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} For Panndorf, this was the first time in almost a decade since he was in his homeland.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} However, the parachute jump ended with a tree landing, resulting in arm and leg injuries. For this reason, Panndorf and Börner decided to leave some of the equipment and the heavy radio behind and bury it. This was a decisive disadvantage for the connection to Moscow. Nevertheless, both of them, whose assigned area of operations was in Saxony and Thuringia, were able to make their way to their provisional destination in Meerane.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} After a short stay in Meerane, they tried and failed to establish contact with Moscow. On 24 May, they sought refuge with Börner's family in Crimmitschau. From here, Panndorf tried to contact resistance groups in Thuringia around Magnus Poser and Theodor Neubauer through his sister Elly Oertel. This failed, however, because Panndorf's sister filed a complaint with the Gestapo. As a result, a manhunt was launched with a reward of 10,000 Reichsmarks. In addition, on 28 May 1942, the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) ordered a targeted search for parachutists.{{Sfn|Sassning|2009}} Since Panndorf and Börner no longer felt safe in Crimmitschau, they separated and agreed to meet in Innsbruck. However, no further contact was made there, whereupon Panndorf decided on 5 June 1942 to make his way to Berlin in order to receive support from a contact there. On 10 June, Panndorf arrived in Berlin at the home of {{Interlanguage link|Rudolf Scheffel|de}}, whom he knew from their joint party and youth work in Gera.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} At that time Scheffel ran a dairy shop in Schönow, which served as an illegal meeting place for a group of friends around {{Interlanguage link|Felix Tucholla|de}} and {{Interlanguage link|Käthe Tucholla|de}}. The Tuchollas helped Panndorf find accommodation in Berlin, including with KPD members {{Interlanguage link|Kurt Bietzke|de}} and Richard Hinkelmann.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} From Hinkelmann, Panndorf received confidential information from the Propaganda Ministry and other important materials. He received passports, money and ration cards from Bietzke. Panndorf informed the Tuchollas and Scheffel about his mission and they provided information about the domestic political situation as well as the resistance in Germany and their own resistance group, which was being formed.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} == Arrest == Panndorf continued to re-establish contact with Börner with Käthe Tucholla acting as his proxy in Meerane during the search. However, in the process, she was arrested by the Gestapo on 25 July 1942. Unknown to Panndorf, Börner had already been arrested.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} The arrest of Käthe Tucholla led to the uncovering of her network in Berlin.{{Sfn|Sassning|2009}} A wave of arrests followed by the Gestapo, during which Panndorf and Felix Tucholla and a further seven contacts were imprisoned on 27 July 1942. The last member of the group to be arrested was Rudolf Scheffel on 2 August 1942. Panndorf was transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He made no statements about his intelligence activities. Even before the trial against him could begin, Panndorf was executed in the camp on 10 December 1942. Investigations into his death were to be omitted on the instructions of the Gestapo headquarters in Berlin.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} Panndorf's family were only informed of his fate in 1969.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} At the invitation of Gera Lord Mayor Horst Pohl, his daughter Ilsa Nesterenko visited the town in 1969 and 1975.{{Sfn|German Society of Friendship}} == Historical research == The deployment of German communists like Panndorf, who took up the anti-fascist resistance struggle in the interest of the Soviet Union, was evaluated very differently in the two German states in the post-war period. At first, the deployment was largely kept quiet until the end of the 1960s. Only then were the actors around Panndorf honoured in East Germany (GDR) as role models and heroic fighters against fascism and often portrayed as standing in the tradition of the GDR.{{Sfn|Erler|2000}} Panndorf was first mentioned in a newspaper article in the Gera newspaper ''Volkswacht''. In the article it stated: :: "Erwin Panndorf loved life because he believed in the socialist future of our fatherland. He hated the enemies of the German nation, German imperialism and militarism. That is why he was always ready to give his life for the cause of the German and international workers' movement, for the happiness of his people and the peace of the world."{{Sfn|Bezirkskommission|Gera}} In 1970, a biographical work by the Gera district leadership of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) was published, reprinted in 1984, in which Panndorf was portrayed in an equally heroic manner. Panndorf was also mentioned in other publications on anti-fascist resistance and the history of German-Soviet friendship and presented as an "outstanding example of German-Soviet friendship and the resistance struggle against fascism".{{Sfn|German Society of Friendship}} In [[Yammacin Jamus|West Germany]], the paratroopers and scouts were for a long time devalued as so-called "mercenaries of the [[NKVD]]" and "agents of Moscow" or their deployment was kept quiet altogether.{{Sfn|Erler|2000}} There was no more detailed publication on Panndorf and his deployment. In an article in ''Der Spiegel'' of 24 June 1968, however, he was named as part of "infiltrated Soviet spies" who succeeded in driving some members of the group around Schulze-Boysen/Harnack "into the maelstrom of Russian espionage".{{Sfn|Höhne|1968}} In the literature after 1990, the paratroopers are often referred to as "Himmelfahrtskommandos" (suicide squad). According to this, they were sacrificed and at the same time jointly responsible for the deaths of other resistance fighters. In addition, they had hardly done their tasks, if at all, and therefore the results of their work had been insignificant.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} In contrast, there are also more recent publications on Panndorf in the output of the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, which also bring to light other findings (including Panndorf's Spain Report). Here, the historian {{Interlanguage link|Ronald Sassning|de}} in his assessment states that although Panndorf's commando enterprise was extremely risky, Panndorf succeeded in "building up the core of a small intelligence group of communists, which also found selfless material support on the part of some non-party people."{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} == Awards and honours == [[Fayil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H0423-0211-001,_Gera,_Erwin-Panndorf-Sporthalle.jpg|right|thumb|The old Erwin-Panndorf sports hall in Gera on 23 April 1969]] From 1967 onwards, numerous tributes were paid to Panndorf. A commemorative plaque was unveiled on his birthplace in 1967 with the inscription: :: "Erwin Panndorf was born in this house on 7 Jan. 1904. Commissioner of the CC of the KPD. Organiser and resistance fighter against fascism. Murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp on 10 Dec. 1942."{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1975}} Panndorf's name is also listed on a plaque of honour for the fallen resistance fighters against fascism in the Socialist Memorial in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, on the right inner side of the circular wall.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} In addition, several institutions in Gera – schools, sports facilities, units of the National People's Army (NVA) and work collectives – were given Panndorf's name. For example, the Sports and Congress Hall, which was newly built on 2 June 1968.{{Sfn|Sassning|2008}} He was also honoured in the Soviet Union. At the Moscow machine-building plant "Ordzhonikidze", a display case in the company museum commemorated Panndorf.{{Sfn|Kommission & Museum|1984}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f91g0svrpbjpz15qldn6tr1q5l08d2g Hasumiyar Hasumiya 0 162001 891630 885590 2026-08-05T09:00:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs''' wani kamfani ne na ilimin fasaha wanda ke ba da sansanonin horar da ɗalibai na tsawon makonni 12 don haɓaka yanar gizo da kimiyyar bayanai, da kuma darussan haɓaka ƙwarewa na ɗan lokaci, tare da wurare a faɗin [[Kanada]] . A shekarun baya, sun shirya taron koyon-da-lambobi kyauta na shekara-shekara, The HTML500, tare da haɗin gwiwar Telus . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 Jan 2015 |title=The HTML500 Bootcamp Teaches Free Coding To Promote Digital Literacy |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/01/26/html500-vancouver_n_6542302.html |website=huffingtonpost.ca}}</ref> Kamfanin ya horar da ɗalibai sama da 40,000 tun lokacin da aka kafa shi. A watan Janairun 2025, Uvaro, wani kamfani mai suna Certified B Corp wanda ya mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ma'aikata, ya sanar da sayen Lighthouse Labs; ba a bayyana sharuɗɗa ba. Lighthouse Labs yana aiki a matsayin reshen Uvaro. == Wurare == === Vancouver === An buɗe sansanin horar da matasa na farko na Lighthouse Labs a shekarar 2013, daga Launch Academy, wani wurin horar da matasa a unguwar Gastown da ke birnin, kafin daga baya ya koma sabon ginin da ke tsakiyar birnin Vancouver a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph Czikk |date=3 September 2013 |title=New Vancouver-Based Coding Academy to launch this fall |url=http://betakit.com/new-vancouver-based-coding-academy-lighthouse-labs-to-launch-this-fall/ |website=betakit.com}}</ref> Ya bayar da shirin ci gaban yanar gizo na cikakken lokaci da kuma sansanin horar da matasa na Kimiyyar Bayanai na tsawon makonni 12. === Toronto === A matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwar ƙasa tare da Highline, dandalin saka hannun jari na tsaba, Lighthouse Labs ya ƙaddamar da ayyukansa na Toronto a watan Fabrairun 2015. <ref name="Toronto Is Awesome">{{Cite web |title=Toronto's Newest Tech Bootcamp Will Change Your Career Forever |url=[suspicious link removed] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516161031/http://www.torontoisawesome.com/lifestyle/torontos-newest-tech-bootcamp-will-change-your-career-forever |archive-date=2015-05-16 |access-date=2015-06-11}}</ref> Yana cikin Devhub a cikin garin Toronto, yana ɗaya daga cikin sansanonin masu haɓakawa da yawa waɗanda ke ba da damar ilmantarwa ga mutane a cikin Babban Yankin Toronto.<ref name="HackerYou">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2015 |title=Learn to Code in 2015: A List of Toronto's In-Person Learning Opportunities |url=http://hackeryou.com/learn-to-code-in-2015-a-list-of-torontos-in-person-learning-opportunities/ |access-date=2015-06-11 |website=HackerYou}}</ref> === Montreal === Yin aiki daga Spaces Mile End, Lighthouse Labs Montreal ya ba da Bootcamp na Kimiyya na Bayanai na Makonni 12, Bootcamp na Ci gaban Yanar Gizo na Makonni 12. === Victoria === Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs, wanda ke tsakiyar birnin Victoria a KWENCH, ya haɗu da wasu ƙungiyoyi a yankin kamar Viatech da Ladies Learning Code. Wurin Victoria yana gudanar da sansanin horar da ci gaban yanar gizo da sansanin horar da kimiyyar bayanai sau biyu a shekara da kuma shirye-shiryen nazarin yanar gizo da bayanai guda uku na tsawon makonni 6. === Calgary === A watan Afrilun 2015, Lighthouse Labs ta ƙaddamar da wani shiri na 'pop-up' a Calgary ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ƙasa da Highline. Asalinsa shiri ne na ɗan lokaci na makonni 6, ya girma zuwa harabar tauraron ɗan adam wanda ke ba da darussa na cikakken lokaci da na ɗan lokaci a fannin ci gaba na gaba da na baya. <ref name="HIGHLINE">{{Cite web |title=National Partnership with Highline |url=http://www.highline.vc/articles/highline-lighthouse-labs/ |access-date=2015-06-10 |archive-date=2015-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613070354/http://www.highline.vc/articles/highline-lighthouse-labs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Lighthouse Labs Calgary">{{Cite web |title=Lighthouse Labs Calgary |url=https://lighthouselabs.ca/calgary |access-date=2015-06-10}}</ref> === Ottawa === Kamfanin Lighthouse Labs ya dauki nauyin darussan na ɗan lokaci a Bayview Yards kuma ya dauki nauyin Bootcamp don zama mai haɓaka shirye-shirye cikin makonni 12 a Spaces Laurier. == Fatara da rufewa == Haɗin gwiwar da Uvaro bai yi nasara ba. Watanni bakwai bayan siyan, a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2025, Lighthouse Labs da kamfaninta na asali, Uvaro, sun shigar da ƙarar fatara kuma nan take suka dakatar da ayyukansu. <ref name="Bankruptcy">{{Cite web |last=Alex Riehl |date=August 15, 2025 |title=Bankruptcy docs claim faltering sales pipeline sunk Uvaro and Lighthouse Labs post acquisition |url=https://betakit.com/bankruptcy-docs-claim-faltering-sales-pipeline-sunk-uvaro-and-lighthouse-labs-post-acquisition/ |access-date=2025-10-01 |website=BetaKit}}</ref> Takardun fatarar sun nuna cewa kamfanin ba shi da isasshen kuɗin shiga da zai ci gaba da zama mai ƙarfi. An danganta rugujewar da gazawar manyan damarmakin bututun mai, ciki har da kudaden shiga da ake hasashen samu daga yarjejeniyar kwangilar gwamnati da ake sa ran samu da kuma tallace-tallacen da ake hasashen samu, waɗanda ba su cika sharuddan da aka tsara ba. Wannan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga ya haifar da raguwar kuɗaɗen shiga sosai, duk da tsauraran matakan rage farashi. A lokacin fatara, Lighthouse Labs tana da kadarori da basussukan da suka kai kimanin dala $230,000 sama da dala miliyan 3. An kori dukkan ma'aikatan kamfanonin biyu. <ref name="Bankruptcy"/> == Duba kuma == * Coursera * Mai Haɗa Bayanai * Cibiyar Kodecami * Kwalejin Khan * Babban Taro * Lynda.com * Kwalejin Manhaja * Bloc (makarantar lambar) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] avrdkw3avb8nigwsdxazvk6ynp9pysr Evan Horwood 0 162066 891384 885886 2026-08-04T15:33:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Evan David Horwood''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Maris 1986) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar Consett [[Northern Premier League|ta Arewa]] . Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na ƙungiyar matasa ta Sheffield United, ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar Stockport County, Scunthorpe United, York City, Chester City, Darlington, Gretna, Carlisle United, Hartlepool United, Tranmere Rovers, Northampton Town da Grimsby Town . Ya buga wasanni na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar, inda ya buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Cymru a ƙungiyar Bala Town da kuma ƙungiyoyin da ba na gasar ba, Whitby Town da West Auckland Town . == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a Billingham, Ingila, Horwood ya taɓa bugawa ƙungiyar matasa ta St Francis kafin daga baya ya koma jami'ar Hartlepool United sannan kuma ya koma jami'ar Sunderland . <ref name="Horwood Hartlepool Mail">{{cite news |date=8 July 2002 |title=New Blade Evan is cut above the rest |url=http://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/sport/new-blade-evan-is-cut-above-the-rest-1-998470 |access-date=3 November 2017 |newspaper=Hartlepool Mail}}</ref> Horwood ya fara aikinsa da tsarin matasa na Sheffield United a watan Yulin 2002, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku a matsayin cikakken malami. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Career history |url=http://www.uptheposh.com/people/2387/career/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025242/http://www.uptheposh.com/people/2387/career/ |archive-date=7 November 2017 |access-date=17 February 2012 |website=UpThePosh!}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Sheffield United === Bayan ya samu ci gaba a matsayin Sheffield United Academy and Reserves, Horwood ya koma Stockport County kan aro na wata ɗaya a ranar 10 ga Maris 2005. Daga nan ya fara buga wasa a Stockport County kwana biyu bayan haka, a ranar 12 ga Maris 2005, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Colchester United . An tsawaita zaman aronsa a Stockport County har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2004-05 a watan Afrilu, ya buga wasanni 10 a League One . Bayan rashin nasarar da Stockport County ta yi na sake sayen Horwood, ya koma Scunthorpe United of League One a matsayin aro a watan Agusta na 2005. amma bai buga wasa a kungiyar ba domin ya kasance benci ne kawai a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06 da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] a ranar 6 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scunthorpe: Results/matches: 2005/06 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=2263&teamTabs=results&season_id=135 |access-date=4 June 2017 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a Sheffield United a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2005, inda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar League Cup a Reading . <ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2005/2006" /> Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar Conference National ta York City a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a watan Nuwamba na 2005, ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-0 a hannun Morecambe a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba. United ta sake kiransa a watan Janairu, ya buga wasanni biyar a York a lokacin wannan aro. <ref name="The Complete Record 2005-06" /> Ya koma ƙungiyar League Two ta Chester City a matsayin aro daga baya a wannan watan, ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 5-0 a hannun Carlisle United a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu na 2006, kafin ya koma Sheffield United a watan Fabrairu. Horwood ya koma Darlington a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a watan Oktoban 2006. Ya fara buga wa Darlington wasa jim kaɗan bayan haka a ranar 14 ga Oktoban 2006, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Hereford United . Duk da haka, Horwood ya koma United saboda raunin da ya samu a wasan da suka yi da [[Barnet FC|Barnet]] daga baya a wannan watan. Ya sake komawa kulob din a matsayin aro a watan Janairun 2007. <ref name="Quakers to loan two players">{{Cite web |date=31 December 2006 |title=Quakers to loan two players |url=http://www.darlington-fc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10339~949356,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210024743/http://www.darlington-fc.net/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10339~949356%2C00.html |archive-date=10 February 2012 |publisher=Darlington F.C.}}</ref> Duk da haka, an kore shi a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] bayan ya yi wa Marc Pugh ihu, wanda Darlington ta daukaka kara, ma'ana dole ne ya yi wasa uku da aka dakatar da shi. <ref name="Quakers to loan two players" /> Bayan ya yi wasa uku da aka dakatar, Horwood ya kafa wa Neil Wainwright kwallo a wasan da suka ci Boston United 2-0 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairun 2007. A wasan karshe na kakar wasa da Stockport County, an kore shi daga wasa a rabin farko, a wasan da suka sha kashi 5-0. Daga baya an tsawaita kwangilarsa a Darlington har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07 <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2007 |title=Defenders' loan deals extended |url=http://www.darlington-fc.net/page/NewsDetail/0,,10339~974237,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210024756/http://www.darlington-fc.net/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10339~974237%2C00.html |archive-date=10 February 2012 |publisher=Darlington F.C.}}</ref> kuma ya kafa kansa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, inda ya ƙare da wasanni 21. A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2007, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar Gretna ta Scotland a matsayin aro har zuwa Janairu 2008, ya fara buga wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kilmarnock a ranar 15 ga Satumba 2007. Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko ga Gretna a wasan da suka yi da baya, inda ya zura ƙwallonsu ta uku a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga Kenny Deuchar . <ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2007/2008" /> Ya koma United a watan Janairu bayan ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu ga Gretna. <ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2007/2008" /> === Carlisle United === Ya koma ƙungiyar Carlisle United ta League One a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta daga baya a wannan watan, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da rabi. Horwood ya fara buga wa Carlisle United wasa a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2008, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya, a wasan da suka doke Walsall da ci 2-1. Tun lokacin da ya fara buga wa Carlisle United wasa, Horwood ya kafa kansa a cikin kungiyar farko a sauran kakar wasa. Ya kuma taimaka wa kungiyar ta kai wasan zagaye na gaba, amma bai yi nasara ba bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] da ci 4-3 a jimilla. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Horwood ya buga wasanni 22 a dukkan gasa. Da yake tunani game da rawar da ya taka, Manaja John Ward ya ce: ''"Matsayi Evan Horwood ya shigo ya yi aiki mai kyau."'' Duk da cewa ya samu rauni a lokacin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa kuma daga baya ya warke, Horwood ya fara kakar wasa ta 2008-09 yayin da ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin 'yan wasa na farko a Carlisle United. A tsakiyar kakar wasa, Horwood ya fara fafatawa da Darren Campion da Michael Liddle a kan matsayinsa na hagu da na baya. Daga nan ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a karshen watan Janairu ba tare da an ba Liddle damar buga wasa a duniya ba. Bayan ya ji rauni a gwiwa a watan Fabrairu, dawowarsa ba ta daɗe ba lokacin da ya ji rauni a wuyansa na ɗan lokaci. Duk da haka, ya buga wasanni kaɗan a ƙungiyar farko har zuwa lokacin da aka kore shi saboda laifin da za a iya ba shi beli, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Cheltenham Town a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2008-09, Horwood ya buga wasanni 28. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Horwood ya fara wasa a benci a farkon kakar wasa, domin an fi son Ian Harte a matsayin dan wasan baya na hagu. Amma ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a kungiyar a matsayin dan wasan baya na hagu lokacin da Harte ya fara wasa a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida. Farkon wasansa na kakar wasa ya zo ne a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2009, inda ya fara wasa kuma ya buga mintuna 82 kafin a maye gurbinsa, a rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Norwich City . Bayan ya ji rauni a kafa a watan Fabrairu 2010, Horwood ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a kungiyar a sauran kakar wasa tun lokacin da ya murmure daga raunin kafa. Sannan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin da suka tashi 2-2 da Southend United lokacin da ya zura kwallaye biyu a ranar 20 ga Maris 2010. Mako guda bayan haka, Horwood ya fara wasa a matsayin dan wasan baya na hagu don wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta Football League, a wasan da suka sha kashi 4-1 da Southampton . Duk da rashin nasarar, Horwood ya kafa wa Jason Price kwallo, a wasan da suka doke Bristol Rovers da ci 3-1 a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2010. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Horwood ya buga jimillar wasanni 39. Duk da cewa yana sha'awar sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila, amma kungiyar ta sallami Horwood a karshen kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Shawarar da kulob din ya yanke na kin sabunta kwangilarsa ta raba magoya baya, domin sun yi imanin cewa yana "daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan baya na hagu a gasar." Horwood da kansa ya ce Manaja [[Greg Abbott]] ya yi watsi da shi inda Liddle ya fi so a kakar wasa ta 2008-09 kuma Abbott ba ya son sa a matsayin dan wasa. Bayan haka, an danganta shi da komawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa ta US Boulogne . === Hartlepool United === [[Fayil:Evan_Horwood_30-07-2011_1.jpg|thumb|Horwood ya buga wa Hartlepool United wasa a shekarar 2011.]] Bayan horo da [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]], Horwood ya yi nasarar gwada sa'a a ƙungiyar League One ta Hartlepool United, inda ya sanya hannu a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2010 |title=Hartlepool United is dream move – Evan Horwood |url=http://www.hartlepoolunited.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10326~2106834,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308151218/http://www.hartlepoolunited.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10326~2106834%2C00.html |archive-date=8 March 2012 |publisher=Hartlepool United F.C.}}</ref> Bayan shiga ƙungiyar, jaridar Hartlepool Mail ta ɗauki Horwood a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na hagu na farko na ƙungiyar tun bayan Hugh Robertson . Horwood ya fara buga wasa a wasan farko na kungiyar na 2010–11, inda aka tashi kunnen doki 0–0 da Rochdale . Sai a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2010 ne ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar, a wasan da suka doke Northampton Town da ci 4–0 a zagayen farko na gasar EFL. Tun lokacin da ya fara buga wasa, ya zama dan wasa na farko da kungiyar ta buga a kungiyar Hartlepool United kuma ya kasance dan wasa na farko da kungiyar ta buga a kungiyar har sai da ya ji rauni a kugu a watan Oktoban 2010. Bayan ya koma kungiyar farko daga rauni, Horwood ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a wasan da suka buga da Colchester United, inda Hartlepool United ta sha kashi da ci 3–2. Sannan a wasa na biyu da Colchester United ta kakar wasa a ranar 5 ga Fabrairun 2011, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1–0 lokacin da ya kafa wa Antony Sweeney kwallo don ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan. Bayan kwana goma a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2011, ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Charlton Athletic da ci 2-1. Sannan ya sake zura kwallaye a karo na uku a wannan kakar, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Swindon Town a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 2011. Bayan ya zama dan wasa na farko a kakar wasa ta farko a Hartlepool United, Horwood ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 54 kuma ya zura kwallaye uku a dukkan gasa. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Horwood ya fara kakar wasa da kyau ta hanyar kafa wa Adam Boyd kwallo, a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da MK Dons a wasan farko na kakar wasa. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2011, ya sake kafa wa Peter Hartley kwallo, a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] . Duk da haka, a farkon Satumba, ya ji rauni a cinyarsa wanda ya hana shi buga wasa na tsawon makonni biyu. Sannan ya zura kwallo a lokacin da ya dawo daga rauni, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu, a wasan da suka doke AFC Bournemouth da ci 2-1 a ranar 24 ga Satumba 2011. Tun lokacin da ya dawo kungiyar farko daga rauni, Horwood ya sami nasarar sake samun matsayinsa na farko a kungiyar a duk kakar wasa. Duk da cewa an yi masa tiyata sau biyu kafin karshen kakar wasa, Horwood ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 44 kuma ya zura kwallo daya a dukkan gasa. A kakar wasa ta 2012-13, Horwood ya ci gaba da yin abin kirki ga ƙungiyar lokacin da ya taimaka wa Jonathan Franks ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Scunthorpe United da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya ba su nasarar farko a gasar ta kakar wasa ta bana. A wani lokaci a kusa da farkon kakar wasa, Horwood ya buga wasa na 100 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Swindon Town a wasan da suka tashi 0-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2012 |title=Horwood Ready To Hit Pools Century |url=https://www.hartlepoolunited.co.uk/news/2012/august/horwood-ready-to-hit-pools-century/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103193846/https://www.hartlepoolunited.co.uk/news/2012/august/horwood-ready-to-hit-pools-century/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Hartlepool United F.C.}}</ref> Daga nan ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ƙungiyar a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2012, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun [[Crewe Alexandra FC|Crewe Alexandra]] . Bayan kwana uku, a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 2012, duk da haka, Horwood ya rasa fenariti a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-2 a hannun Bradford City a wasan na biyu na gasar EFL. Bayan fuskantar koma baya daga sabbin gasannin da suka ganshi a benci, Horwood ya sake zura kwallo a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2012, a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Walsall. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2012 a wasan da suka yi da Sheffield United, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa lokacin da ya zura kwallaye biyu, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-2. Duk da raunin da ya samu daga baya a kakar wasa, aikin Horwood ya inganta, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu damar buga wasanni da dama a kungiyar farko. A karshen kakar wasa ta 2012-13, ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 40 kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu. Hartlepool ta saki Horwood a watan Mayun 2013. Da ya ji labarin sakinsa, ya bayyana cewa bai taɓa son barin ƙungiyar ba. === Tranmere Rovers === Horwood ya rattaba hannu a kulob din League One Tranmere Rovers kafin kakar wasa ta 2013-14 a ranar 19 ga Yuni 2013, inda ya koma kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu. Bayan sanya hannu a kulob din, ana sa ran zai fuskanci gasa da Danny Holmes . Horwood ya fara buga wa Tranmere Rovers wasa a wasan farko, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Walsall . Sai a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2013 ne ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Tranmere Rovers, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 2-1 a hannun Fleetwood Town a zagaye na farko na gasar League Cup. Tun lokacin da ya fara bugawa kungiyar wasa, ya fara wasa a kowane wasa har sai da ya ji rauni a kugu a karshen watan Satumba. Ko bayan dawowarsa, Horwood ya yi fama da fafatawa da Holmes a matsayin dan wasan baya na hagu, duk da cewa ya buga wasa a kungiyar farko a wasu lokutan. Sakamakon haka, ya buga wasanni 18 ga kungiyar. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013-14, ƙungiyar ta sallami Horwood duk da cewa yana da sauran shekara ɗaya a kwantiraginsa. === Garin Northampton === A ranar 24 ga Maris 2014, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar League Two Northampton Town a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013-14 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2014 |title=Northampton Town sign Evan Horwood |url=http://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/article/horwood-signs-1440983.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324185706/http://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/article/horwood-signs-1440983.aspx |archive-date=24 March 2014 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Northampton Town F.C.}}</ref> Horwood ya fara buga wasa a Northampton Town, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a rabi na biyu, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 2-2 da AFC Wimbledon a ranar 25 ga Maris 2014. A sauran kakar wasa, ya fara buga wasa a tsakiyar fili fiye da rawar da ya taka a farko. A wasan karshe na kakar wasa da [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]], Horwood ya zura kwallo ga Ivan Toney don taimakawa kungiyar ta kauce wa faduwa zuwa gasar Premier, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1. Ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 8 ga kungiyar. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin ga Northampton a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2014, jim kaɗan bayan Tranmere ya sallame shi. Wasan farko na Horwood bayan ya sanya hannu a kulob din na dindindin ya zo ne a wasan farko na kakar wasa da nasara 1-0 a kan Mansfield Town, bayan ya buga mintuna 11 bayan ya koma wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. Duk da haka, ya yi fama da ciwon tsoka wanda ya sa ya yi jinyar watanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2014 |title=DANIEL ALFEI COULD RETURN FOR AFC BOURNEMOUTH TIE |url=https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2014/august/alfei-could-return-for-afc-bournemouth-tie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103212031/https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2014/august/alfei-could-return-for-afc-bournemouth-tie/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Northampton Town F.C.}}</ref> A baya ya ji rauni a Achilles wanda ya sa ya yi jinya a lokacin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa ta gaba. Sai a ƙarshen Nuwamba ne ya dawo horo. A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 20 ga Disamba 2015, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar farko, inda ya lashe bugun fenariti, wanda ya sa Marc Richards ya yi nasarar zura bugun fenariti, a wasan da suka doke Carlisle United da ci 2-1. Bayan dawowarsa, ya sami damar sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar, yana wasa a gefen hagu, duk da cewa ya bayyana a matsayin mai kai hari. Duk da haka, ya ji rauni a kugu kuma hakan ya hana shi buga wasa a duk watan Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2015 |title=Northampton Town v Carlisle United |url=https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2015/march/northampton-town-v-carlisle-united/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103214630/https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2015/march/northampton-town-v-carlisle-united/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Northampton Town F.C.}}</ref> Bayan komawarsa ƙungiyar farko a farkon watan Afrilu, Horwood ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2015 |title=EVAN HORWOOD COULD RETURN ON FRIDAY |url=https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2015/april/evan-horwood-could-return-on-friday/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103214607/https://www.ntfc.co.uk/news/2015/april/evan-horwood-could-return-on-friday/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Northampton Town F.C.}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa, ya ci gaba da buga wasanni 26 a duk gasa. Duk da haka, a farkon kakar wasa ta 2015-16, Horwood ya samu raunuka sau biyu wanda hakan ya sa aka yi masa tiyata a kugunsa. Duk da haka, bayan dawowa daga rauni, bai buga wasa a kungiyar farko ba, saboda kyakkyawan tsari daga David Buchanan . A karshen kakar wasa ta 2015-16, bai buga wasa ba, kungiyar ta sallame shi. === Garin Grimsby (rance) === A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2016, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa Grimsby Town a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa . Horwood ya fara buga wa Grimsby Town wasa kwana takwas bayan haka a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2016, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya, a wasan da suka doke Bromley da ci 2-1. Makonni da dama bayan haka, a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2016, ya kafa wa Pádraig Amond kwallo, wanda ya ci kwallaye biyu, a wasan da suka doke Woking da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=Match Report: Grimsby Town 3–1 Woking |url=https://www.grimsby-townfc.co.uk/news/2016/february/grimsby-town-3-1-woking/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103224804/https://www.grimsby-townfc.co.uk/news/2016/february/grimsby-town-3-1-woking/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Grimsby Town F.C.}}</ref> Bayan ya yi jinyar wasanni uku saboda rauni a watan Afrilu, Horwood ya koma kungiyar farko, inda ya lashe bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa [[Omar Bogle]] damar cin bugun fenariti cikin nasara, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Dover Athletic a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2016 |title=Aldershot Town 3–4 Grimsby Town |url=https://www.grimsby-townfc.co.uk/news/2016/april/aldershot-town-3-4-grimsby-town/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103225441/https://www.grimsby-townfc.co.uk/news/2016/april/aldershot-town-3-4-grimsby-town/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=3 November 2017 |publisher=Grimsby Town F.C.}}</ref> Duk da haka, Horwood ba a haɗa shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasan da za su buga wasan ba yayin da Grimsby ta doke [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe na gasar National League ta 2016 a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], inda Grimsby ya samu ci gaba zuwa League Two bayan ya shafe shekaru shida ba tare da buga gasar Football League ba . Bayan ya buga jimillar wasanni 12, Horwood bai samu damar buga wasa ba lokacin da aronsa ya kare a karshen kakar wasa. === Chester === A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2016, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar National League ta Chester akan kwangilar shekara ɗaya. Horwood ya fara wasansa na farko a Chester, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya, a wasan da suka doke Dagenham &amp;amp; Redbridge da ci 3-0. Jaridar gida Chester Chronicle ta yaba da rawar da Horwood ya taka. Ya fara wasa a kowace wasa tun farkon kakar wasa har sai da aka dakatar da shi daga wasa sannan aka ji masa rauni. Bayan komawa kungiyar farko, Horwood ya rasa matsayinsa na farko a kungiyar ga Johnny Hunt, wanda ya samar da kyakkyawan tsari. Sai a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2016 lokacin da ya dawo kungiyar, a wasan da suka doke Aldershot Town da ci 2-0. Duk da cewa ya buga wasa a matsayi daban-daban, Horwood ya buga wasa a matsayin dan baya na hagu yayin da Hunt bai buga wasa ba. Sannan ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2017, a wasan da suka tashi 1-0 a kan Southport . Bayan raunin da ya samu a gwiwarsa a lokacin da suka doke Torquay United da ci 1-0, an sanar da cewa zai yi jinyar sauran kakar wasa . Duk da haka, kungiyar ta kauce wa faduwa zuwa karshen kakar wasa kuma ta kammala kakar wasa ta farko, inda ta buga wasanni 21 sannan ta zura kwallaye daya a dukkan gasannin. Ya sauya lambar rigarsa daga 3 zuwa 16 kafin kakar wasa ta 2017-18 . A lokacin wasannin share fagen kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a lokacin wasan. Duk da cewa ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a watan Mayu na 2017, an dakatar da kwangilarsa bayan watanni biyu a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2017, domin ya koma garin Bala. === Garin Bala === Ba da daɗewa ba bayan barin Chester, Horwood ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales mai suna Bala Town . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2017 |title=Lakesiders lose Kieran Smith but gain Evan Horwood |url=http://welsh-premier.com/index.php/hot-news/latest-news/13902-lakesiders-lose-kieran-smith-but-gain-evan-horwood |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103234629/http://welsh-premier.com/index.php/hot-news/latest-news/13902-lakesiders-lose-kieran-smith-but-gain-evan-horwood |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=16 July 2017 |publisher=welsh-premier.com}}</ref> Horwood ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2017, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasan da suka doke Newtown da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2017 |title=Bala Town 3–0 Newtown |url=http://www.balatownfc.co.uk/2017/08/12/match-report-bala-town-3-newtown-0/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103234522/http://www.balatownfc.co.uk/2017/08/12/match-report-bala-town-3-newtown-0/ |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=Bala Town FC |publisher=Bala Town F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a kowanne wasa tun lokacin da ya fara wasa har sai da ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a tsakiyar Oktoba. A watan Disamba na 2019, Horwood ya bar garin Bala don komawa Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila . === Garin Whitby === A watan Janairun 2020, Horwood ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Whitby Town . === Garin Yammacin Auckland === A watan Mayun 2020, Horwood ya sanya hannu a kulob din Northern League Division One da ke West Auckland Town . === Consett === A watan Oktoban 2022, Horwood ya rattaba hannu a [[Northern Premier League|ƙungiyar Northern Premier League Division One East]] Consett . == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife shi a Billingham, County Durham, Horwood ya goyi bayan Hartlepool United tun yana ƙarami. Iyalan Horwood sun fito ne daga asalin ƙwallon ƙafa. Ɗan'uwansa, Gareth, wanda shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, bayan ya buga wa makarantar Hartlepool United Academy; mahaifinsa, Taffy, tsohon manaja ne na Seaton Carew FC; Horwood ya halarci Makarantar St Aidan da Brierton kuma ya zauna a Seaton Carew kafin ya koma Sheffield United. A shekarar 2016, ya zama uba. Yayin da yake Chester, Horwood ya canza biyayyarsa zuwa goyon bayan Chester kuma ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Jami'ar Chester kuma ya horar da ƙungiyar farko zuwa kakar wasa mara nasara a 2016/2017 a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin al'umma na Blues. Yayin da yake buga wa Bala Town wasa, Horwood ya fara koyon aikin [[Wayar lantarki|sanya kayan lantarki]] . == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 29 April 2017}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Sheffield United |2004–05 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2005–06 |Championship |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !1 !0 |- |Stockport County (loan) |2004–05<ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2004/2005" /> |League One |10 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |0 |- |Scunthorpe United (loan) |2005–06<ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2005/2006" /> |League One |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |York City (loan) |2005–06 |Conference National |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[FA Trophy]]}} |0 |5 |0 |- |Chester City (loan) |2005–06<ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2005/2006" /> |League Two |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Darlington (loan) |2006–07 |League Two |20 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[EFL Trophy|Football League Trophy]]|name=FLT}} |0 |21 |0 |- |Gretna (loan) |2007–08 |Scottish Premier League |15 |1 |1 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |17 |2 |- | rowspan="4" |Carlisle United |2007–08<ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2007/2008" /> |League One |21 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |21 |0 |- |2008–09 |League One |24 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |1{{Efn|name=FLT}} |0 |29 |0 |- |2009–10 |League One |32 |0 |4 |0 |0 |0 |7{{Efn|name=FLT}} |0 |43 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !77 !0 !6 !0 !2 !0 !8 !0 !93 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Hartlepool United |2010–11 |League One |45 |2 |4 |0 |2 |0 |3{{Efn|name=FLT}} |1 |54 |3 |- |2011–12 |League One |41 |1 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|name=FLT}} |0 |44 |1 |- |2012–13 |League One |37 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|name=FLT}} |0 |40 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !123 !5 !6 !0 !4 !0 !5 !1 !138 !6 |- |Tranmere Rovers |2013–14 |League One |18 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|name=FLT}} |1 |22 |1 |- |Northampton Town (loan) |2013–14<ref name="Games played by Evan Horwood in 2013/2014" /> |League Two |8 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Northampton Town |2014–15 |League Two |25 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |26 |0 |- |2015–16 |League Two |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !33 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !34 !0 |- |Grimsby Town (loan) |2015–16<ref name="SW" /> |National League |11 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4{{Efn|Three appearances [[2015–16 FA Trophy|FA Trophy]], one in [[2015–16 National League#Play-offs|National League play-offs]]}} |0 |15 |0 |- |Chester |2016–17<ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=E. Horwood |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/evan-horwood/20168/ |access-date=4 June 2017 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> |National League |21 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|name=FAT}} |0 |24 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !333 !7 !14 !1 !12 !0 !22 !2 !381 !10 |} {{Notelist}} * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwallon ƙafa : 2009–10 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.chesterfc.com/team/player-profile/evan-horwood/3 Bayanin Evan Horwood] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103165534/http://www.chesterfc.com/team/player-profile/evan-horwood/3 |date=2017-01-03 }} a gidan yanar gizon Chester FC * Evan Horwood [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} qjavey7wm364eygmt81ffjt89a7vt9q Hatem Ben Arfa 0 162321 891631 887809 2026-08-05T09:04:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hatem Ben Arfa''' ( Arabic ,{{IPA|fr|atɛm bɛnaʁfa}} ; an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1987) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya na gefe]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai kai hari]] . An san Ben Arfa da iya bugun ƙwallonsa, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wanda magoya baya suka fi so tare da mabiya kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bugun ƙwallon a kowane lokaci. An taɓa kiransa da "ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun 'yan wasa a Faransa", amma kuma kafofin watsa labarai da 'yan wasa sun soki shi saboda rashin ladabi. Aikin Ben Arfa ya fara ne a yankin Île-de-France, inda ya yi horo a Boulogne-Billancourt da Versailles . A shekarar 1999, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar Clairefontaine . Ya shafe shekaru uku a can kafin ya tafi Lyon, inda ya lashe kofuna hudu [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]] . A farkon aikinsa a Lyon, ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya amma ya koma matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . A lokacin bazara na 2008, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu da abokan hamayyarsa Marseille kan Yuro 11.&nbsp;miliyan a wani mataki da ya buƙaci shiga tsakani na Ligue de Football Professional . Tare da Marseille, ya lashe gasar lig ta 2009–10, karo na biyar a jere, da kuma gasar Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 . Bayan shekaru biyu a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na Ingila a matsayin aro don kakar wasa ta 2010-11. An cimma yarjejeniyar ta dindindin daga baya a kakar wasa. Ben Arfa ya shafe shekaru huɗu a Newcastle, tare da zaman aro a Hull City a kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a ƙungiyar. Ya sanya hannu a Nice a watan Janairun 2015 amma bai samu damar fara buga wasa ba har zuwa watan Agusta, bayan ya riga ya wakilci Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City a kakar wasa da ta gabata. Ya zura kwallaye 17 a wasanni 32 da ya buga wa Nice a gasar, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin wasu ƙungiyoyin Turai, sannan ya sanya hannu a [[Paris Saint-Germain]] a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016. Bayan ya kasa buga wasa a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Ben Arfa ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar komawa Rennes, inda ya lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2019 a kan Paris Saint-Germain. Daga nan ya buga wa Valladolid da Bordeaux wasa, kafin ya koma Lille a shekarar 2022. Ben Arfa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa, kuma ya buga wa Faransa wasa a dukkan matakai. A matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2004 . An kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar a karon farko a watan Oktoban 2007, don wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 da Faroe Islands . Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni goma sha biyar ga Faransa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. == Farkon aikina == An haifi Ben Arfa a cikin iyali mai tarihin kwallon kafa. Mahaifinsa tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya Kamel Ben Arfa ne. Ben Arfa ya fara aikinsa a Faransa a ASV Châtenay-Malabry. Bayan shekaru biyu a kulob din, ya koma Montrouge CF 92 mai nisan mil kaɗan zuwa arewa. A cikin 1998, Ben Arfa ya shiga kulob na wasanni AC Boulogne-Billancourt . A shekara mai zuwa, an zaɓe shi don halartar makarantar INF Clairefontaine . Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a ajinsa, kuma shi kaɗai aka haifa a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2012 |title=Ben Arfa, footballeur inachevé |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/blog/latta/2012/04/30/ben-arfa-bientot-footballeur/ |website=[[Le Monde]]}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Clairefontaine, yana cikin shirin ''A la Clairefontaine'', wani shirin gaskiya wanda ya tattara tarihin rayuwar wasu manyan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa a lokacin da suke makarantar. A lokacin shirin, wani shiri ya nuna Ben Arfa yana jayayya da Abou Diaby . A lokacin da yake atisaye a Clairefontaine a ranakun mako, ya buga wa FC Versailles 78 wasa a karshen mako. <ref name="Lecante 2007" /> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Ben Arfa wanda ya riga ya zama gwarzon ɗan wasa yana da shekaru 15, ya koma Lyon, ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar Ligue 1 ta farko. A watan Agusta na 2004, bayan ya shafe shekaru biyu a sashen matasa na makarantar Lyon, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru, inda ya amince da kwangilar shekaru uku duk da cewa ƙungiyar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta Ingila da Ajax ta Holland sun yi watsi da tayin. Tare da abokin wasansa Karim Benzema, an ƙara masa matsayi zuwa manyan 'yan wasa kuma an ba shi riga mai lamba 34. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a matsayin kwararren dan wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2004-05 da kungiyar Nice . Lyon ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 1-0 da kwallon da [[Giovane Élber]] ya ci, 'yan mintuna bayan da Ben Arfa ya shigo. Bayan ya buga wasanni kaɗan a madadin 'yan wasa, ya fara wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2004 a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 2-1, inda ya buga mintuna 56. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Lille, inda ya ci kwallo daga bugun fenariti a karin lokaci, wanda hakan ya bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, duk da cewa Lille ta zura kwallaye biyu a makare, inda ta doke Lyon da ci 3-2. Ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan rukuni da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya maye gurbin Sidney Govou . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Ben Arfa ya koma rigar ƙungiyar farko mai lamba 18, amma rabon sa na maye gurbin da farawa har yanzu yana da yawa domin wasanni bakwai daga cikin wasanni 12 da ya buga sun kasance a matsayin madadin ɗan wasa. Ya zura kwallo yayin da Lyon ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=Trophée des Champions: The records |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106091927/https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/OTHER-COMPETITIONS/2020/01/09/trophee-des-champions-the-records |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=Ligue1 |publisher=ligue1.com}}</ref> Ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a karon farko da ya yi nasara a kan kulob din Rosenborg na kasar Norway da ci 2-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallo a ragar da Fred ya ci a mintunan karshe na wasan. Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta 2006-07 a wasan da suka yi da Sedan jim kaɗan kafin a tafi hutun rabin lokaci. Kwallon ta tabbatar da cewa ta yi nasara yayin da Lyon ta lashe wasan da ci 1-0. Bayan tafiyar 'yan wasan gefe Florent Malouda da [[Sylvain Wiltord]], sabon kocin kungiyar Alain Perrin ya fi son tsarin 4-3-3 na zamani, sannan ya mayar da Ben Arfa zuwa bangaren hagu na kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . Ben Arfa ya saba da matsayin da sauri kuma ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Metz da ci 5-1 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, kodayake wasansa ya sha bamban da na Benzema. Ana iya cewa mafi kyawun wasansa a cikin rigar Lyon ya faru ne a cikin kwanaki 12, inda ya buga wasan lig a ranar 28 ga Oktoba da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] da kuma wasan Zakarun Turai da kungiyar Jamus VfB Stuttgart a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a kowanne wasa, sakamakon duka biyun ya kasance na goyon bayan Lyon. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada shi a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ƙasa (UNFP). Duk da jita-jitar rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da Benzema, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon a watan Maris na 2008 har zuwa 2010. Duk da haka, aikinsa a Lyon ya gamu da cikas bayan ya shiga cikin rikicin horo da Sébastien Squillaci . === Marseille === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_vs_Matthieu_Chalmé_(GB).jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Ara in the Coupe de la Ligue|right|thumb|249x249px| Ben Arfa ya fafata da mai tsaron bayan Bordeaux Matthieu Chalmé]] Duk da rahotannin da ke cewa kungiyoyin Ingila kamar [[Everton FC|Everton]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] na son sayen dan wasan, jita-jitar komawa abokiyar hamayyarta Marseille ta fara bayyana. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2008, Lyon ta tabbatar da cewa an soke shirin komawa Marseille a yanzu. Duk da haka, Ben Arfa ya tabbatar wa jaridar ''La Provence'' ta gida a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni cewa ya sanya hannu a kulob din da ke gabar tekun kudu kuma ba zai koma Lyon don atisayen kafin kakar wasa ba washegari. Daga baya ''La Provence'' ta ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya rasa horo a Lyon a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da manufarsa. Ben Arfa ya koma Marseille a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2008 kan Yuro 12.&nbsp;miliyan, tare da abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa na gaba da za a haɗa daga baya, bayan an cimma yarjejeniya tsakanin Marseille da Lyon a wani taro da Ligue de Football Professionals ta shirya. Sakamakon rashin jituwa kan canja wurin ɗan wasan, a watan Disamba na 2008, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa jaridar [[Lyon]] ta gida ''Le Progrès'' cewa tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ba ta da aji kuma ba ƙungiya ce mai kyau ba. An gabatar da Ben Arfa ga manema labarai kuma ya yi atisayensa na farko tare da kulob din a ranar. An ba shi riga mai lamba 20. A ranar 16 ga watan Yuli, Ben Arfa ya sake shiga cikin wani rikici a lokacin atisaye, a wannan karon da dan wasan gaba kuma dan wasan Faransa [[Djibril cisse|Djibril Cissé]] . Daga baya Cissé ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila [[Sunderland A.F.C.|ta Sunderland]] a matsayin aro. Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da Rennes. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga ''Les Marseille'' a wannan wasan. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 11 na farko da ya buga. Duk da haka, suna da yake da shi na takaddama ya ci gaba da damunsa lokacin da ya shiga wata takaddama, a wannan karon tare da ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|ƙasa da ƙasa na Kamaru]] [[Modeste M'bami]] a lokacin wani zaman ɗumama jiki kafin wasan da ƙungiyar za ta yi da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai. Dole ne Ronald Zubar ya raba su biyun. Rigima ta sake tashi bayan rashin nasara da Marseille da ci 4-2 a hannun abokan hamayyar ''Le Classique'' Paris-Saint Germain. Ya fusata daga kocin Eric Gerets bayan kin barin benci don ya huta. Daga baya Ben Arfa ya ce ya ji rauni sosai wanda hakan ya sa Gerets ba shi da daɗi, amma daga baya ya nemi afuwa ga manema labarai da kuma Gerets da kansa. Bayan dawowarsa cikin tawagar, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ta hanyar zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa a zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-1. [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_(OM)_et_la_Coupe_de_la_Ligue.jpg|alt=Hatem Ben Arfa and Stéphane M'Bia|left|thumb|248x248px| Ben Arfa yana bikin Coupe de la Ligue a 2010 tare da Mamadou Niang]] Ben Arfa ya canza rigarsa mai lamba 10 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Grenoble da ci 2-0 a waje, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 68. A makon da ya biyo baya, ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a karawar da Lille ta yi da Lille kuma ya taimaka wa Brandão ya ci kwallon da ta ba shi nasara. Sai dai cece-kuce ya sake tasowa, lokacin da a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2009, aka ci Ben Arfa tarar Yuro 10,000 saboda rashin halartar atisaye. Ben Arfa ya dora alhakin rashin zuwa filin jirgin sama kan jinkirin da aka samu yayin da yake a Tunisia yana ziyartar 'yan uwa a lokacin hutun kasa da kasa. Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, ya shiga takaddama mai zafi da kocinsa [[Didier Deschamps]] a lokacin wani horo, wanda daga baya Ben Arfa ya nemi afuwa. A ƙarƙashin Deschamps a farkon rabin kakar wasa, Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni 15 daga cikin 20 na ƙungiyar a gasar lig kuma ya buga mintuna 90 kacal a wasanni biyu, rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Monaco da kuma rashin nasara 2-0 a hannun Auxerre . Wasan Ben Arfa a kakar wasa ta 2010 ya jawo yabo daga Deschamps da daraktan wasanni José Anigo . A ranar 10 ga Janairun 2010, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a kan kungiyar 'yan wasan Trélissac a gasar Coupe de France . Bayan wata guda, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Marseille ta samu a kan Valenciennes da ci 5-1, inda ya taimaka wajen zura kwallon farko da Lucho González ya zura. <ref name="Schuber 2010" /> Daga baya a wannan watan, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a waje a wasan farko na gasar UEFA Europa League da kungiyar Copenhagen ta Denmark. A wasan dawowa a Marseille, Ben Arfa ya sake jefa kwallo, inda ya zura kwallon farko a minti na 43. Marseille ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 3-1, kuma jimillar kwallaye 6-2. A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Paris Saint-Germain da ci 3-0. An tabbatar da rawar da Ben Arfa ya taka a watan Fabrairu lokacin da aka nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan UNFP na wata . Marseille ta lashe dukkan wasannin gasar guda hudu da kungiyar ta fafata da su, inda Ben Arfa ya fara wasan. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya ci bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Sochaux da ci 3-0. Nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar a saman tebur, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa a can har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma sun lashe gasar a ranar 5 ga Mayu da nasara 3-1 a kan Rennes. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan. A ranar 22 ga Yuli 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kulob din Ingila [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] na neman sayen Ben Arfa. Bayan an yi masa tambayoyi, manajan Newcastle Chris Hughton ya musanta rahotannin. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, wakilin Ben Arfa ya bayyana cewa Newcastle tana sha'awar dan wasan, tare da kungiyoyin Jamus Hoffenheim da Werder Bremen, kungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.|Galatasaray]] ta Turkiyya, da kuma kungiyar Italiya AC Milan . A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, ana tattaunawa kan aro na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin mayar da shi na dindindin tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu; duk da haka, ba a iya cimma kudin aro na yarjejeniyar ba inda Newcastle ta bayar da fam 650,000; £350,000 kasa da abin da Marseille ke so. A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shugaban Marseille Jean-Claude Dassier ya sanar da cewa Ben Arfa ba zai koma Newcastle ba, har ma ya ce ba a yi tayin da kulob din ya yi masa ba. Kamar yadda ya yi a lokacin da ya bar Lyon, Ben Arfa ya mayar da martani ga sanarwar ta hanyar shaida wa jaridar wasanni ta Faransa ''L'Équipe'' cewa ba zai koma La Commanderie ba, cibiyar horar da Marseille, kuma ba zai buga wasa da kungiyar ba har tsawon kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ya kuma bayyana cewa dangantakarsa da Deschamps ta yi tsami kuma ba za a iya gyara ta ba. Ben Arfa ya tabbatar da niyyarsa ta hanyar tafiya zuwa [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]], ba tare da izini ba, tare da fatan Newcastle da Marseille za su cimma yarjejeniya. Bayan ya koma Marseille, ya rasa horo da dama tare da ƙungiyar iyayensa, kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga tawagar 'yan wasan ranar wasan don wasanni biyu da suka yi da Valenciennes da Lorient . Daga baya aka bai wa sabon dan wasan da aka sayo André-Pierre Gignac lamba 10 ta Ben Arfa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa an kusa canja wurinsa. A ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, shawarar komawa Werder Bremen ta gaza cimma nasara bayan da daraktan wasanni na kulob din Klaus Allofs ya bayyana cewa kulob din ba ya sha'awar Ben Arfa, duk da rahotannin da ke cewa Werder Bremen ta bai wa Marseille kudin musayar 'yan wasa na €8.&nbsp;miliyan. A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Dassier ya tabbatar da cewa kulob din ya cimma yarjejeniya kan kudin aro da Newcastle don daukar Ben Arfa, inda yarjejeniyar sirri ita ce kawai abin da ke kawo cikas a yarjejeniyar. Marseille ta amince ta biya £2&nbsp;kudin lamuni na miliyan daya. Newcastle za ta sake biyan Marseille £5.&nbsp;miliyan idan Ben Arfa ya buga wasanni 25 a kulob a kakar wasa ta 2010-11, wanda hakan zai sa canja wurin ya zama na dindindin. === Newcastle United === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Ben Arfa ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da Newcastle, kuma washegari, kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ya dauki Ben Arfa a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba 2010, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Blackpool ta doke su da ci 2-0 a gida. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Newcastle a cikakken wasansa na farko a ranar 18 ga Satumba a wasan da suka doke Everton da ci 1-0. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa ta hagu yayin da yake buga wasa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a gasar [[Premier League|lig]] . Raunin ya faru ne sakamakon bugun da dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Nigel de Jong ya yi masa. A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2011, Marseille da Newcastle duk sun tabbatar a shafukan yanar gizon su cewa sun cimma yarjejeniya don canja wurin Ben Arfa zuwa Newcastle na dindindin tare da ɗan wasan ya amince da kwangilar shekaru huɗu da rabi. Ba a bayyana kudin canja wurin ba. Ben Arfa ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin gyaran jikinsa a birninsa na Paris yana murmurewa a makarantar Clairefontaine . A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, kocin Newcastle Alan Pardew ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa yana takara kuma zai iya komawa cikin tawagar a watan Afrilu. Duk da haka, bayan kwanaki, Pardew ya bayyana cewa bai shirya yin gaggawar gyaran dan wasan ba kuma wataƙila Ben Arfa ba zai kasance a wurin ba har sai watan Mayu, yana mai cewa "Zan kare shi. Ba zan iya jefa shi a ciki kawai ba". Ben Arfa ya koma atisaye tare da Newcastle a ranar 5 ga Afrilu. Ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen motsa jiki gaba ɗaya tare da ƙungiyar farko, amma ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin horon yana yin motsa jiki mai sauƙi da motsa jiki. Ben Arfa ya kasa sake buga wasa da ƙungiyar a kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Bayan ya ci gaba da murmurewa a lokacin bazara, kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Ben Arfa ya fara shiga wasannin sada zumunci da babbar kungiyar. Ya dawo ƙungiyar a ranar 15 ga Yuli 2011 a wasan da suka yi da ƙungiyar Conference National Club Darlington . Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, a rangadin da ƙungiyar ta yi a Amurka na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, ya samu rauni a idon sawunsa a wasan da suka yi da Sporting Kansas City . Ben Arfa ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa don ya murmure raunin sannan ya koma Newcastle a ranar 18 ga Satumba. Daga baya, an nada shi cikin ƙungiyar farko da za ta fafata a wasan cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar da [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]] a ranar 21 ga Satumba. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka yi da Nottingham Forest, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa. Kwana uku bayan haka, ya dawo gasar Premier, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Blackburn Rovers da ci 3-1. A ranar 26 ga Disamba 2011, bayan ya yi amfani da mafi yawan lokutan kaka ba tare da ya zura kwallo ba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke Bolton da ci 2-0. A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a ragar Newcastle a wasan zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin FA da Blackburn Rovers. Kwallon da ''BBC Sport'' ta bayyana a matsayin "mai ban mamaki", ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1, kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 22 ga Janairun 2012, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallo a wasan da Newcastle ta sha kashi a hannun Fulham da ci 5-2 a filin wasa na Craven Cottage. Watanni biyu bayan haka, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon farko a wasan da Newcastle ta buga da Arsenal a gasar Premier. Duk da haka, masu masaukin baki sun yi nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A ranar 25 ga Maris, ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa sauran kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke West Brom da ci 3-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar Litinin ta Ista, Ben Arfa ya sake zura kwallo a ragar Bolton Wanderers. Kwallon, wadda mujallar Birtaniya mai suna ''The Independent'' ta bayyana a matsayin "lokacin baiwa" ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani, yayin da aka ba shi kwallon a tsakiyar rabin nasa, ya ci gaba da juyawa ya wuce 'yan wasan Bolton guda 4, yana nuna iko mai ban mamaki wajen yin hakan, sannan ya wuce mai tsaron gidan Bolton Ádám Bogdán, kwallon ita ce ta bude kuma Newcastle ta ci wasan da ci 2-0. Duk da rashin nasarar da aka samu a wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai (Euro 2012), Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta farko a gasar Premier. A ƙarshen makon farko na kakar wasa, ya yi nasara kuma ya buga bugun fenariti wanda ya bai wa Newcastle nasara a kan Tottenham da ci 2-1. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya ci kwallo da bugun yadi 25 mai ban mamaki, a ƙafarsa ta dama mai rauni, wanda hakan ya sa Newcastle ta samu maki a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aston Villa. Ya ji rauni a cinyarsa a wasan Europa League da Marítimo, ya dawo a wasan da Fulham ta sha kashi da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Newcastle ta ci. Duk da haka, ya ƙara ta'azzara raunin a lokacin wasan, kuma bai buga wasa ba sai a ranar 7 ga Maris 2013 (shekararsa ta 26), a wasan zagaye na 16 na gasar Europa League da Anzhi Makhachkala . Ya sake samun rauni a cinyarsa, wanda hakan ya hana shi shiga tawagar har zuwa zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da Benfica a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, lokacin da ya shigo a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a zagaye na biyu. A ranar 12 ga Mayu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon da ta ba Newcastle damar zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a Loftus Road daga bugun fenariti, inda Newcastle ta tabbatar da matsayinta na Premier a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Ben Arfa ya fara kakar wasa ta 2013-14 cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, inda ya tabbatar da nasarar farko da Newcastle ta samu a kakar wasa ta bana ta hanyar zura kwallo daya tilo a ragar Fulham, da kuma zura kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Aston Villa. Kwallon da Ben Arfa ya ci ta uku a kakar wasa ta bana ta zo ne lokacin da ɗan wasan Faransa ya zura kwallo a bugun fenariti a wasan da suka buga da Crystal Palace a ƙarshen mako, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa Newcastle ta yi nasara da ci 3-0. ==== Aron da aka bai wa Hull City ==== A ranar 2 ga Satumba 2014, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa Hull City na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Anthony |date=2 September 2014 |title=Ben Arfa Joins Hull On Loan |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902140639/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20140902/ben-arfa-joins-hull-on-loan_2281670_4115003 |archive-date=2 September 2014 |access-date=2 September 2014 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Satumba, inda ya maye gurbin abokin wasansa na farko Abel Hernández a minti 11 na ƙarshe na wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . Amma a watan Disamba na 2014, Ben Arfa ya bar Ingila ba zato ba tsammani, inda kocin Hull Steve Bruce daga baya ya yarda cewa bai san inda dan wasan yake ba kuma aikinsa da Hull ya bayyana ya ƙare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Alyson |date=15 December 2014 |title=I have no idea where Hatem Ben Arfa is, says Steve Bruce |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/i-have-no-idea-where-hatem-ben-arfa-is-says-steve-bruce-vqc8tjv5xx3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215190523/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/premierleague/article4297164.ece |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=15 December 2014 |website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya bar kwantiraginsa da Newcastle United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2015 |title=Ben Arfa Contract Terminated |url=http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105065802/http://www.nufc.co.uk/articles/20150104/ben-arfa-contract-terminated_2281670_4399456 |archive-date=5 January 2015 |access-date=4 January 2015 |website=Newcastle United}}</ref> === Mai kyau === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_Nice.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa a lokacin da yake tare da Nice, 2016]] A ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da kungiyar Nice ta Ligue 1, inda ya ce "Ko da Real Madrid ta kira ni a wannan lokacin, na yanke shawara." Ya ce ya koma Faransa ne saboda "Akwai mutanen da ke nan da suka amince da ni, waɗanda ba sa yi mini hukunci kamar yadda wasu mutane ke son yi mini hukunci ta hanyar manema labarai." <ref name="BBC Sport 2015" /> Ben Arfa ba zai cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar wasa ba, saboda dokar da ta ce ɗan wasa zai iya buga wa ƙungiyoyi biyu wasa kawai a kakar wasa ɗaya, bayan ya riga ya buga wa Newcastle United Reserves da Hull City. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya shaida wa taron manema labarai cewa an dakatar da kwangilarsa da Nice, amma a ranar 9 ga Yuni, Nice za ta sake daukar Ben Arfa a farkon kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2015-16 . Ben Arfa ya fara buga wa Nice wasa da Monaco a wasan farko na Ligue 1 na kakar wasa ta Nice a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015 a Allianz Riviera . Bayan kwana bakwai, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a sabuwar kungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Troyes daga bugun fenariti a wasan Ligue 1 na biyu da Nice ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana, wanda ya kare da ci 3-3. A wasan da Nice za ta buga na gaba a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 22 ga Agusta, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Caen da ci 2-1. === Paris Saint-Germain === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2016, a tsakiyar rahotannin da ke cewa akwai sha'awar da ake yi wa dan wasan daga ko'ina cikin Turai bayan kakar wasa da ya zura kwallaye 18 a wasanni 37 da ya buga wa Nice, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Paris Saint-Germain, bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a Nice. A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2016, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a PSG, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 34 a wasan da suka doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Lyon da ci 4-1 a gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2016. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Ben Arfa ya zira kwallo yayin da ya taimaka wa wasu kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Rennes da ci 4-0 a zagaye na 32 na gasar Coupe de France ta 2016-17 . A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, Ben Arfa ya samu damar fara wasa mai wahala (kafin ya zama na tara a kakar wasa ta bana) kuma ya zura kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wa [[Javier Pastore]] a wasan da suka doke Avranches da ci 4-0 a waje a wasan kusa da na karshe na Coupe de France; wannan shi ne wasan karshe na gasar da Ben Arfa ya buga wa PSG a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 . Bayan ya kasa buga wasa ɗaya tilo a gasar zakarun Turai a kakar wasa ta 2017-18, ya bar ƙungiyar bayan da kwangilarsa ta kare a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa – how ex-Newcastle United's star dream move to PSG turned into a nightmare |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910135818/https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/haten-ben-arfa-psg-future-14648773 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=ChronicleLive |language=en}}</ref> === Rennes === A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Rennes. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, Ben Arfa ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a gasar Europa League a wasan da suka doke Jablonec da ci 2-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu; ya buga wasansa na farko tun daga ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2017, inda ya zura kwallon karshe daga bugun fenariti a minti na 91. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Ben Arfa ya ci kwallon ƙarshe a minti na 77 (wasansa na farko a Ligue 1 a rayuwarsa ga Rennes) bayan da ƙwallon da ya ci a minti na 14 ta taimaka wa ƙwallon da Damien Da Silva ya ci a wasan da suka doke Monaco da ci 2-1 a waje. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a minti na 89 bayan ya kafa kwallon da Benjamin Bourigeaud ya ci a wasan da suka doke Dijon da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 27 ga Afrilun 2019, Ben Arfa ya lashe gasar Coupe de France yayin da Rennes ta doke tsohuwar kungiyarsa Paris Saint-Germain a wasan karshe da bugun fanareti. === Real Valladolid === A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2020, Ben Arfa ya sanya hannu da kulob din [[La Liga]] na Real Valladolid kan kwantiragin watanni shida. Ya zaɓi rigar lamba 3, wacce ba kasafai ake ganinta a matsayin rigar da aka saba gani ba ga wani mahari, kuma ya bayyana zaɓinsa ta hanyar cewa "a jikin rigar, tana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Godefroy |first=Greg |date=31 January 2022 |title=Ben Arfa justifie son choix de porter le numéro 3 à Valladolid et c'est magique |trans-title=Ben Arfa justifies his choice to wear the number 3 at Valladolid and it's magical |url=https://www.mouv.fr/sport/football/mercato-ben-arfa-justifie-son-choix-de-porter-le-numero-3-valladolid-et-c-est-magique-357505 |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Mouv']] |language=fr}}</ref> Duk da haka, wasanninsa sun kasa shawo kan sa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2020 |title=Valladolid: another complicated evening for Hatem Ben Arfa … |url=https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=KenyanNews |archive-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222220823/https://kenyannews.co.ke/sports/football/valladolid-another-complicated-evening-for-hatem-ben-arfa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma bayan wasanni biyar kacal, ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=999 Hatem Ben Arfa |url=https://www.oncloudseven.com/999-hatem-ben-arfa/ |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=On Cloud Seven}}</ref> === Bordeaux === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ligue 1 ta Bordeaux kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa ta Rennes. Ben Arfa ya ji daɗin "farko mai kyau a kakar wasa ta bana", inda ya zira kwallaye biyu sannan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyar a shekarar 2020 tare da Bordeaux. Duk da haka, ya sha wahala a rabin kakar wasa na biyu, wanda ya fuskanci raunuka da matsaloli a ɗakin canza kaya tare da wasu abokan wasansa, musamman tare da kyaftin [[Laurent Koscielny]] . <ref name="Jacquot 2021">{{Cite web |last=Jacquot |first=Guillaume |date=4 April 2021 |title=Entre Ben Arfa et Bordeaux, rien ne va plus ! |trans-title=Between Ben Arfa and Bordeaux, nothing is going well! |url=https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830225805/https://www.sports.fr/football/ligue-1/entre-ben-arfa-bordeaux-rien-ne-va-plus-447099.html#item=1 |archive-date=30 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Sports.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Haka kuma dangantaka ta yi tsami tsakaninsa da manaja Jean-Louis Gasset . <ref name="Jacquot 2021" /> A ranar 26 ga Mayu 2021, daraktan wasanni Alain Roche ya tabbatar da cewa Ben Arfa zai bar kungiyar bayan karshen kwantiraginsa. Ya bayyana cewa zabin karin shekara guda da ke cikin yarjejeniyar Ben Arfa "an yi shi ne bisa ka'idojin wasanni" wadanda ba a cika ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2021 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa is leaving Bordeaux |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819155701/https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2021/hatem-ben-arfa-is-leaving-bordeaux/ |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=30 August 2021 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> === Lille === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2022, Ben Arfa ya koma kungiyar Lille mai rike da kambun Ligue 1 a kan kwantiragin watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=Lille sign midfielder Ben Arfa on free transfer |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |access-date=21 January 2022 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121100109/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/lille-sign-midfielder-ben-arfa-free-transfer-2446056 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da Brest ta doke su da ci 2-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2022 |title=Marseille up to second as Ben Arfa debuts for Lille |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/american-football/marseille-up-to-second-as-ben-arfa-debuts-for-lille/ar-AAT2FNz?li=BB12IW4j |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=[[MSN]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da ''Les Dogues'' ta fara a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, Ben Arfa ya ci gaba da taimakawa wajen zura kwallon da [[Sven Botman]] ya ci a wasan da PSG ta sha kashi da ci 5-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=6 February 2022 |title=PSG at Lille result: Messi, Mbappe score as PSG routs Jonathan David and Lille 5-1 |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/psg-lille-live-score-highlights-lionel-messi-jonathan-david/ucv3tih8urzcbjnyssm9iuji |access-date=22 February 2022 |website=[[Sporting News]]}}</ref> A farkon watan Afrilu, an dakatar da Ben Arfa daga tawagar Lille bayan wata takaddama mai zafi da kocinta Jocelyn Gourvennec bayan kunnen doki 0-0 da Bordeaux. <ref name="GFFN 2022">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa suspended and set to be sacked by Lille following row with manager |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2022/hatem-ben-arfa-suspended-and-set-to-be-sacked-by-lille-following-row-with-manager/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Ben Arfa ya soki yadda aka kafa kungiyar, kuma ya shaida wa Gourvennec cewa "wannan ba Guingamp ba ce", kungiyar da ya horar a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Callaghan |first=Rory |date=8 April 2022 |title=Hatem Ben Arfa Set To Be Sacked By Lille After Dressing Room Row With Manager Jocelyn Gourvennec |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/hatem-ben-arfa-to-be-sacked-by-lille-after-dressing-room-row-20220408 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya zagi shugaban Gourvennec da Lille Olivier Létang a wani labari da ya wallafa [[Instagram|a shafinsa na Instagram]], inda ya kira su "masu karkacewa", kalmar da Gourvennec ya yi amfani da ita a farkon wannan rana. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> Gourvennec ya amsa a wani taron manema labarai cewa "bai taɓa ganin hakan ba a duk tsawon rayuwarsa", yana mai nuni da halayen Ben Arfa marasa kyau a ɗakin shiryawa bayan wasan. <ref name="GFFN 2022" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Ben Arfa ya samu damar buga wasa a dukkan kungiyoyin matasan Faransa . Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16, ya buga wasanni goma yana zura kwallaye bakwai. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin Aegean ta shekarar 2003 da aka yi a Turkiyya. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a ranar 12 ga Janairu a wasan da suka doke Belgium da ci 3-2. Nasarar ta tabbatar wa Faransa ta zo ta uku a gasar. A gasar Montaigu, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye shida a raga a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga. Ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Gabon da ci 8-0 a wasan farko. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallon karshe a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Rasha da ci 3-0, kuma a wasan karshe na rukuni, ya sake zura kwallo biyu a wasan da suka doke Ingila da ci 3-1. Ya kammala gasar da zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe da Italiya, duk da cewa Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 5-1. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a wasan farko na kakar wasa da Sweden inda ya zura kwallaye uku a ragar rabin farko a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-2. A gasar Tournio de Val-de-Marne, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallaye biyu yayin da Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ba tare da an zura mata kwallo ko daya ba. A gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2004, Ben Arfa, tare da abokan wasansa [[Samir Nasri]], Benzema, da Jérémy Menez sun ba da gudummawa wajen lashe gasar. Ben Arfa ya buga dukkan wasanni biyar kuma ya zura kwallaye a ragar Arewacin Ireland, Turkiyya da Portugal . Jimilla da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 17 kuma ya zura kwallaye 11 a cikin ƙungiyar. Saboda ƙaruwar lokacin da yake bugawa tare da Lyon, Ben Arfa ya rasa wani muhimmin lokaci na wasa tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga Maris 2005, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 3-3. Ben Arfa ya bayyana a wasanni uku na ƙarshe na kakar wasa don ƙungiyar ta kawo jimillar bayyanarsa zuwa huɗu. Bai zura kwallo ba. 'Yan wasan Ben Arfa, Nasri, Benzema, da Menez sun koma buga wasa tare a ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 . An haɗu da Issiar Dia, Blaise Matuidi, da Serge Gakpé tare da su, da nufin lashe gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a shekarar 2006 . A zagayen farko na cancantar shiga gasar, Ben Arfa ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a wasan farko da Wales yayin da Faransa ta tsallake zagayen ba tare da an doke ta ba. Saboda raunin da ya samu, Ben Arfa bai halarci zagaye na ƙarshe na cancantar shiga gasar ba, kuma duk da rashin nasara a zagayen, Faransa ta sha kashi a hannun Scotland a kan maki. Ben Arfa ya buga wasa sau ɗaya kawai a gasar tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasa a gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 da Romania a shekarar 2009. === Babban ɗalibi === [[Fayil:Hatem_Ben_Arfa_v_England_2015.jpg|thumb| Ben Arfa yana bugawa Faransa wasa a shekarar 2015]] Kafin ya wakilci Faransa, Ben Arfa ya cancanci wakiltar Tunisia kuma an ba shi gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, wadda aka gudanar a Jamus. Kamar Sami Khedira, ya ƙi karɓar wannan damar, inda ya fi son ci gaba da aikinsa tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa. An gayyaci Ben Arfa a matsayin babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar a karon farko a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2007 ta hannun Raymond Domenech domin maye gurbin [[Louis Laurent Saha|Louis Saha]] da ya ji rauni, kuma ya buga wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta 2008 da Faroe Islands da Lithuania . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2007 |title=Ben Arfa gets call ahead of Trezeguet |url=http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012091926/http://www.frenchleague.com/ligue1/lireArticle.asp?idArticle=8970 |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=11 May 2008 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> Wannan matakin ya ba masu sukar Domenech mamaki yayin da suke tsammanin ɗan wasan gaba [[David Trezeguet]] zai samu gayyata. Ben Arfa ya fara buga wasa a ranar 13 ga Oktoba lokacin da ya shigo wasa a madadin Franck Ribéry a minti na 64 kuma ya zura kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Faransa ta doke tsibirin Faroe da ci 6-0. Duk da haka, an cire Ben Arfa daga cikin tawagar Domenech mai 'yan wasa 23 a gasar Euro 2008 a ranar 28 ga Mayu. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2010, bayan dogon lokaci ba tare da an kira shi ba, Ben Arfa ya koma ƙungiyar, tare da abokan wasansa Steve Mandanda da Benoît Cheyrou, bayan an kira su don buga wasan sada zumunta da Faransa za ta yi da Spain a ranar 3 ga Maris. A ranar 11 ga Mayu, Domenech ya sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 30 na farko da za su buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2010, amma bai samu shiga zagaye na karshe na 23 ba. Bayan ya shafe kusan shekaru biyu ba tare da wakiltar Faransa a gasar cin kofin duniya ba, a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2010, sabon kocin kungiyar [[Laurent Blanc]] ya kira Ben Arfa a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar a wasan sada zumunta da za su yi da Norway a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2010. Ben Arfa ya dawo cikin tawagar a wasan, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin [[Mousa Sissoko|Moussa Sissoko]] a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci. Ya zura kwallon farko a wasan a wasan da aka doke su da ci 2-1. A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2012, Ben Arfa ya shiga cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 na Faransa da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA 2012, inda ya fara wasa a wasan karshe na rukunin D, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Sweden da ci 2-0. A ranar 12 ga Mayu 2016, an sanya Ben Arfa a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su buga wa Faransa gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2016. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Ben Arfa a yankin Clamart da ke birnin Paris kuma ya girma a Châtenay-Malabry . Mahaifinsa, Kamel Ben Arfa, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Tunisiya, ya isa Faransa a shekarar 1973, inda ya zauna a Saint-Michel, Aisne don yin aiki a wani kamfanin yin ƙera kadarori . Daga baya ya yi fice a wani kulob na gida a cikin garin. Ben Arfa ya bayyana kansa a matsayin Musulmi mai matsakaicin aiki. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition<ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La carriere de Hatem BEN ARFA |url=http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097&page=carriere |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426075846/http://www.lfp.fr/joueur/index.asp?no_joueur=106097 |archive-date=26 April 2009 |access-date=16 August 2010 |website=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]]}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup ! colspan="2" |League cup ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="5" |Lyon |2004–05 |[[Ligue 1]] |9 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 |14 |1 |- |2005–06 |Ligue 1 |12 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |1 |16 |2 |- |2006–07 |Ligue 1 |13 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |19 |1 |- |2007–08 |Ligue 1 |30 |6 |3 |0 |1 |0 |8 |2 |1 |0 |43 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !64 !7 !8 !1 !3 !1 !14 !2 !3 !1 !92 !12 |- | rowspan="4" |Marseille |2008–09 |Ligue 1 |33 |6 |1 |0 |1 |0 |13 |2 | colspan="2" |— |48 |8 |- |2009–10 |Ligue 1 |29 |3 |1 |1 |4 |0 |7 |3 | colspan="2" |— |41 |7 |- |2010–11 |Ligue 1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !63 !9 !2 !1 !5 !0 !20 !5 !1 !0 !91 !15 |- |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] (loan) |2010–11 |[[Premier League]] |4 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |1 |- | rowspan="4" |Newcastle United |2011–12 |Premier League |26 |5 |2 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |6 |- |2012–13 |Premier League |19 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |4 |- |2013–14 |Premier League |27 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !76 !13 !3 !1 !4 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !86 !14 |- |Hull City (loan) |2014–15 |Premier League |8 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- |Nice |2015–16 |Ligue 1 |34 |17 |1 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |37 |18 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2016–17 |Ligue 1 |23 |0 |3 |3 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1 |1 |32 |4 |- |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !0 !3 !3 !2 !0 !3 !0 !1 !1 !32 !4 |- |Rennes |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |26 |7 |4 |0 |2 |0 |9 |2 |0 |0 |41 |9 |- |Real Valladolid |2019–20 |[[La Liga]] |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- |Bordeaux |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |24 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |2 |- |Lille |2021–22 |Ligue 1 |7 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !330 !55 !22 !7 !19 !1 !51 !9 !5 !2 !427 !74 |} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="9" | Faransa | 2007 | 4 | 1 |- | 2008 | 3 | 0 |- | 2009 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2010 | 1 | 1 |- | 2011 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2012 | 5 | 0 |- | 2013 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2014 | colspan="2" | – |- | 2015 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 15 ! 2 |} ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Faransa ta ci a farko.'' {| class="wikitable" align="center" |+Jerin kwallayen da Hatem Ben Arfa ya ci a wasannin kasa da kasa ! A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar ! Ref. |- | align="center" | 1 | 13 Oktoba 2007 | Torsvøllur, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |{{Fb|FRO}} | align="center" | '''6''' – 0 | align="center" | 6–0 | Wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA a 2008 | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2007 |title=Henry celebrates in France romp |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/news/0254-0d7bae4172b3-2d33d58312f8-1000--henry-celebrates-in-france-romp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630005615/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/season=2008/matches/round=2241/match=83995/postmatch/report/index.html |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> |- | align="center" | 2 | 11 Agusta 2010 | Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, Norway |{{Fb|NOR}} | align="center" | '''1''' – 0 | align="center" | 1–2 | Aboki | <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2010 |title=Further woe for Les Bleus |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114348/http://www1.skysports.com/football/live/match/211512/report |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> |} == Daraja == '''Lyon''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * [[Ligue 1]] : 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 * Coupe de France : 2007–08 * Trophée des Champions : 2005, 2006, 2007 * Ligue 1: 2009–10 * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai : 2009–10 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2010 '''Paris Saint-Germain''' <ref name="Soccerway">{{Soccerway|hatem-ben-arfa/1588}}</ref> * Coupe de France: 2016–17 * Gasar cin kofin League: 2016–17 * Gasar Zakarun Turai: 2016 '''Rennes''' * Coupe de France: 2018-19 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2019 |title=Coupe de France winner in Rennes |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427230844/https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Coupe-de-france-les-chiffres-de-l-exploit-de-rennes-contre-le-psg-en-finale/1013484 |archive-date=27 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |website=L'Équipe}}</ref> '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Faransa''' * Gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA : 2004 <ref>{{UEFA player|93320}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin ɗan wasan shekara na UNFP Ligue 1 : 2007–08 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Les Trophées UNFP du football |trans-title=The UNFP trophies |url=http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100506031851/http://www.unfp.org/unfp/ce-que-nous-faisons/les-trophees-unfp-du-football.html?print=1 |archive-date=6 May 2010 |access-date=16 December 2014 |publisher=[[National Union of Professional Footballers|UNFP]] |language=fr}}</ref> * Ɗan wasan UNFP na Ligue 1 na Watan : Fabrairu 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2010 |title=Ben Arfa a reçu son trophée de meilleur joueur de L1 de février |trans-title=Ben Arfa received his trophy for best player in L1 in February |url=http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216114448/http://www.om.net/fr/Saison/101002/Actualites/45878/Ben_Arfa_a_recu_son_trophee_de_meilleur_joueur_de_L1_de_fevrier |archive-date=16 December 2014 |access-date=16 December 2014 |website=Olympique de Marseille |language=fr}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar UNFP Ligue 1 ta Shekara : 2015–16 <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2016 |title=Ligue 1 Team of the Year 2016- UNFP Team of the Season 2015/16 |url=http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709040141/http://frenchfootballdaily.com/2016/05/ligue-1-team-of-the-year-2016-unfp-team-of-the-season-201516/ |archive-date=9 July 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |publisher=France Football}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Al'amarin Zahia]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Hatem Ben Arfa at the French Football Federation (in French) * {{UEFA player}} * {{FIFA player}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} 07p0f1dh9obqzrpls2jvdc1uhqckajt Samson Akinnire 0 162599 891562 889813 2026-08-05T03:51:06Z M Bash Ne 12403 891562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Samson Akinnire''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1986) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitter |first=Siddhartha |date=8 February 2019 |title=Lagos, City of Hustle, Builds an Art 'Ecosystem' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/08/arts/design/lagos-nigeria-art-x-art.html |access-date=11 August 2021 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na]] [[Najeriya]], [[Zane-zane na gani|mai zane-zane]] kuma mai zane-zane, wanda ke zaune a jihar Legas, Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Artist biography: Samson Akinnire |url=https://www.artland.com/artists/samson-akinnire |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811154810/https://www.artland.com/artists/samson-akinnire |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.artland.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Samson Akinnire an haife shi Sannan ya girma a [[Ajegunle]], dake jihar Legas. Ya samu takardar shaidar ND a [[Lagos State University of Science and Technology|Lagos State Polytechnic]] a cikin shekarar 2011 sannan kuma an bashi kyautar girmamawa ga dukkan ɗaliban wannan fannin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sam-Duru |first=Prisca |date=2021-08-09 |title=Nigeria: Fact File - Art Tackling Environmental Problems |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202108090218.html |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Zaɓin nune-nunen == * 2018 ''Art X Lagos'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=LaurenceKaptain |date=2019-02-10 |title=Lagos, City of Hustle, Builds an Art 'Ecosystem' West Africa's new art destination is a sprawling megacity with a generation of artists, gallerists and collectors powering the scene. {{!}} CAM Dean |url=https://camdean.org/lagos-city-of-hustle-builds-an-art-ecosystem-west-africas-new-art-destination-is-a-sprawling-megacity-with-a-generation-of-artists-gallerists-and-collectors-powering-the/,%20https://camdean.org/lagos-city-of-hustle-builds-an-art-ecosystem-west-africas-new-art-destination-is-a-sprawling-megacity-with-a-generation-of-artists-gallerists-and-collectors-powering-the/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=camdean.org |language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-11-28 |title=ART X Lagos: An Affair in Constant Search of the Exciting {{!}} By IfeOluwa Nihinlola |url=https://thesoleadventurer.com/art-x-lagos-an-affair-in-constant-search-of-the-exciting-by-ifeoluwa-nihinlola/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=The Sole Adventurer |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019 Say My Name nune-nunen a London <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-04 |title=Signature African Art Will Launch Exhibitions in London and Los Angeles |url=https://artstribune.com/2020/09/04/signature-african-art-will-launch-exhibitions-in-london-and-los-angeles/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811160307/https://artstribune.com/2020/09/04/signature-african-art-will-launch-exhibitions-in-london-and-los-angeles/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Arts Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-22 |title=Signature African Art announces Say My Name, two exhibitions of new work presented by acclaimed filmmaker Ava DuVernay in London and Los Angeles |url=https://fadmagazine.com/2020/10/22/signature-african-art-announces-say-my-name-two-exhibitions-of-new-work-presented-by-acclaimed-filmmaker-ava-duvernay-in-london-and-los-angeles/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=FAD Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2019 Say My Name nune-nunen a Los Angeles <ref name=":0" /> * 2020 ''Sa hannu African Art Gallery'' · London, United Kingdom <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signature African Art Gallery |url=https://www.artland.com/galleries/signature-african-art-gallery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811154804/https://www.artland.com/galleries/signature-african-art-gallery |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.artland.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * * ''Say My Name 2020''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Say My Name {{!}} 27 October - 24 December 2020 - Overview |url=https://www.signatureafricanart.com/exhibitions/6-say-my-name-group-exhibition-presented-by-ava-duvernay/overview/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Signature African Art |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AnOther |title=Say My Name |url=https://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/gallery/11403/say-my-name/5 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=AnOther |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paskett |first=Zoe |date=2020-09-04 |title=George Floyd and Breonna Taylor honoured in new London exhibition |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/say-my-name-exhibition-signature-african-art-george-floyd-breonna-taylor-a4539816.html |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=www.standard.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> * ''Values''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Values {{!}} 16–24 November 2019 - Overview |url=https://www.signatureafricanart.com/exhibitions/10-values-samson-akinnire-solo-exhibition/overview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811154804/https://www.signatureafricanart.com/exhibitions/10-values-samson-akinnire-solo-exhibition/overview/ |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Signature African Art |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Values |url=http://signaturebeyond.com/exhibitions/values/ |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=Signaturebeyond |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Play Time'' 2019<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=archived Samson Akinnire, 'Play Time' 2019 — ART X Lagos |url=https://artxlagos.com/archived-Samson-Akinnire-Play-Time-2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811154804/https://artxlagos.com/archived-Samson-Akinnire-Play-Time-2019 |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-11 |website=artxlagos.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Emergence'' 2019<ref name=":1" /> * ''Gele Series II'' 2020<ref name=":1" /> * == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Legas]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s0cluxpn6hd57cn34hqqdi9pmwjqhol Scalan 0 162751 891430 2026-08-04T18:41:13Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365867408|Scalan]]" 891430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Scalan''' makarantar ta Katolika ce ta Scotland kuma ɗaya daga cikin wurare kaɗan a [[Scotland]] inda aka kiyaye addinin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a lokacin tsanantawar da aka yi wa Katolika a ƙarni na 18. == Tarihi == A mafi yawancin ƙarni na 18, kwalejin da ke Scalan a cikin Braes na Glenlivet ita ce kawai wuri a Scotland inda ake horar da samari su zama firistocin Katolika, waɗanda ake kira "firistocin heather ". Daga 1717 zuwa 1799, an horar da sama da ɗari duk da hare-hare da sojojin Hanover suka kai. Sun ƙone Scalan har ƙasa a lokuta da dama amma koyaushe ana sake gina shi. Kwalejin ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye addinin Katolika na gargajiya a arewacin Scotland. An sanya masa suna ne bayan kalmar Gaelic da aka ba wa sheilings masu rufin ciyawa ( Scottish Gaelic ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scalan Heritage trail (walk 2) &#124; Glenlivet Estate |url=https://www.glenlivetestate.co.uk/outdoor-activities/our-walks/scalan-heritage-trail-walk-2 |website=www.glenlivetestate.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaelic Dictionary |url=https://www.faclair.com/ViewDictionaryEntry.aspx?ID=81BBFD07A0DE18562EE4C7C885647423 |website=www.faclair.com}}</ref> an samo shi a cikin Braes a wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1799, an mayar da kwalejin zuwa wani wuri mai nisa, Kwalejin Aquhorthies, wanda ke da manyan wurare da kuma ƙarin masauki. Alexander Geddes, masanin tauhidi kuma malami ɗan ƙasar Scotland, da ɗan'uwansa, Bishop John Geddes, suna cikin shahararrun mutane da suka yi karatu ko koyarwa a kwalejin. An yi wa George James Gordon, wanda aka fi sani da "firist ɗin heather" karatu a nan sannan aka koyar da shi a nan a matsayin wanda ba ɗan Jesuit ba tsawon shekaru da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Mary's Cathedral :: A Brief History |url=http://www.stmaryscathedralaberdeen.org/about-us/brief-history/ |website=www.stmaryscathedralaberdeen.org}}</ref> Sandy Matheson, wanda ya mutu a ƙarshen shekarar 2005, shi ne mazaunin Scalan na dindindin. == A yau == Masu ziyara a yau za su lura cewa kwalejin ba a iya ganinta sosai har sai kun kusanci kwalejin sosai, wani abu mai mahimmanci wajen guje wa gano sojojin Hanover. Scalan yanzu gidan tarihi ne kuma yana buɗe duk shekara ga baƙi. Ƙungiyar Scalan tana neman haɓaka kiyaye kwalejin Scalan da tarihinta.   == Manazarta == 76bswhzcp1bnm3djmc3ggukxdowwve1 891431 891430 2026-08-04T18:42:15Z Arcdanumma047 38699 891431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Scalan''' makarantar ta Katolika ce ta Scotland kuma ɗaya daga cikin wurare kaɗan a [[Scotland]] inda aka kiyaye addinin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a lokacin tsanantawar da aka yi wa Katolika a ƙarni na 18. == Tarihi == A mafi yawancin ƙarni na 18, kwalejin da ke Scalan a cikin Braes na Glenlivet ita ce kawai wuri a Scotland inda ake horar da samari su zama firistocin Katolika, waɗanda ake kira "firistocin heather ". Daga 1717 zuwa 1799, an horar da sama da ɗari duk da hare-hare da sojojin Hanover suka kai. Sun ƙone Scalan har ƙasa a lokuta da dama amma koyaushe ana sake gina shi. Kwalejin ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye addinin Katolika na gargajiya a arewacin Scotland. An sanya masa suna ne bayan kalmar Gaelic da aka ba wa sheilings masu rufin ciyawa ( Scottish Gaelic ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scalan Heritage trail (walk 2) &#124; Glenlivet Estate |url=https://www.glenlivetestate.co.uk/outdoor-activities/our-walks/scalan-heritage-trail-walk-2 |website=www.glenlivetestate.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaelic Dictionary |url=https://www.faclair.com/ViewDictionaryEntry.aspx?ID=81BBFD07A0DE18562EE4C7C885647423 |website=www.faclair.com}}</ref> an samo shi a cikin Braes a wannan lokacin. A shekara ta 1799, an mayar da kwalejin zuwa wani wuri mai nisa, Kwalejin Aquhorthies, wanda ke da manyan wurare da kuma ƙarin masauki. Alexander Geddes, masanin tauhidi kuma malami ɗan ƙasar Scotland, da ɗan'uwansa, Bishop John Geddes, suna cikin shahararrun mutane da suka yi karatu ko koyarwa a kwalejin. An yi wa George James Gordon, wanda aka fi sani da "firist ɗin heather" karatu a nan sannan aka koyar da shi a nan a matsayin wanda ba ɗan Jesuit ba tsawon shekaru da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Mary's Cathedral :: A Brief History |url=http://www.stmaryscathedralaberdeen.org/about-us/brief-history/ |website=www.stmaryscathedralaberdeen.org}}</ref> Sandy Matheson, wanda ya mutu a ƙarshen shekarar 2005, shi ne mazaunin Scalan na dindindin. == A yau == Masu ziyara a yau za su lura cewa kwalejin ba a iya ganinta sosai har sai kun kusanci kwalejin sosai, wani abu mai mahimmanci wajen guje wa gano sojojin Hanover. Scalan yanzu gidan tarihi ne kuma yana buɗe duk shekara ga baƙi. Ƙungiyar Scalan tana neman haɓaka kiyaye kwalejin Scalan da tarihinta.   == Manazarta == mxl30lyt7ej27n3zuc5xi332d4kjk3m Tattaunawar user:Abu Sadeeq77 3 162752 891489 2026-08-04T21:23:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891489 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abu Sadeeq77! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abu Sadeeq77|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) s6hw9mxhw61f7ue0867on8u2nocshk5 Tattaunawar user:Calico1903 3 162753 891490 2026-08-04T21:23:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891490 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Calico1903! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Calico1903|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5a1oeverjxgyrvzxfn4gdcopcec7vsl Tattaunawar user:Hafizthescarfaceai 3 162754 891491 2026-08-04T21:23:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891491 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hafizthescarfaceai! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hafizthescarfaceai|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) awgc5bfe350iguwpdzgjwxbm3zpc9eg Tattaunawar user:TakisA1 3 162755 891492 2026-08-04T21:23:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891492 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TakisA1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TakisA1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 6ue5vjdmyebzjio2088hqhagrknlyyz Tattaunawar user:ImZayd 3 162756 891493 2026-08-04T21:23:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891493 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ImZayd! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ImZayd|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) r83kikna9yp34aowep179sd2jc61790 Tattaunawar user:Hazzleraflet 3 162757 891494 2026-08-04T21:24:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891494 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hazzleraflet! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hazzleraflet|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 8kicrxfzf1yh385ugu330iij3f6imnr Tattaunawar user:Babylon77 3 162758 891495 2026-08-04T21:24:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891495 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Babylon77! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Babylon77|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) svqi20gcc98bm132hm0o91eeacgq55c Tattaunawar user:Logjohn 3 162759 891496 2026-08-04T21:24:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891496 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Logjohn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Logjohn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 0f7odznen5m6xsciy0kossvcltdx08f Tattaunawar user:TTL GS 3 162760 891497 2026-08-04T21:24:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891497 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TTL GS! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TTL GS|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 4u0duxqopxblh11kmags1zmq3wxzm27 Tattaunawar user:Hmd gsm 3 162761 891499 2026-08-04T21:24:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891499 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hmd gsm! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hmd gsm|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) em4mgdtm3omemmwu2mv48yqmbp6nn2c Tattaunawar user:Banal serf 3 162762 891500 2026-08-04T21:24:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891500 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Banal serf! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Banal serf|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 1sdcl69yi40q4elg7tynw3563wmmpdo Tattaunawar user:Rose11223344 3 162763 891501 2026-08-04T21:25:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891501 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rose11223344! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rose11223344|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) dmcn95vmipraw811giqegeat24ff64f Tattaunawar user:Seljuki 3 162764 891502 2026-08-04T21:25:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891502 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Seljuki! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Seljuki|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 1z4g1usgcw2oxzss8qaiad5iv0gwkt7 Tattaunawar user:Jan.sika 3 162765 891503 2026-08-04T21:25:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891503 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jan.sika! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jan.sika|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) quf1vb6zn5yzm0drhdr3n1rdtofun0p Tattaunawar user:Amin fayez 3 162766 891504 2026-08-04T21:25:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891504 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Amin fayez! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Amin fayez|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) h1c0c2w4queh05psivhngm5s0823z5h Tattaunawar user:Ramiro370 3 162767 891505 2026-08-04T21:25:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891505 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ramiro370! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ramiro370|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) azfxmgy8tomwtt4ircwhj2pickvzd3o Tattaunawar user:Seraphinay 3 162768 891506 2026-08-04T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891506 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Seraphinay! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Seraphinay|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 72mh20fbvzgf6erq9uao8727zfvqxhh Tattaunawar user:Pirtery 3 162769 891507 2026-08-04T21:26:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891507 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pirtery! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pirtery|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) sy3eoj1te6wlcfk8ubs209e5k36qpnx Tattaunawar user:RigelBall 27 3 162770 891508 2026-08-04T21:26:16Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891508 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, RigelBall 27! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/RigelBall 27|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) t4v1sx10je3g5k5n3ztdqyutuav5anw Tattaunawar user:Mudassiru 3 162771 891509 2026-08-04T21:26:26Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891509 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mudassiru! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mudassiru|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) sm0xph03xqciwlgmym5f00d2mc9vwyi Tattaunawar user:Tmambelang 3 162772 891510 2026-08-04T21:26:36Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891510 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tmambelang! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tmambelang|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) e7j8nv9zik3fx3u0sjeisj34a9ade7r Tattaunawar user:Casablq 3 162773 891511 2026-08-04T21:26:46Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891511 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Casablq! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Casablq|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) k4y8zqcpis3a2ddaya2tuf80e7db1dz Tattaunawar user:Ajikamsh 3 162774 891512 2026-08-04T21:26:56Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891512 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ajikamsh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ajikamsh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) py085rfr5ibtcoprmhdu4rxe79jg2ls Tattaunawar user:Iso110 3 162775 891513 2026-08-04T21:27:06Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891513 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iso110! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iso110|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) sr0fqgul568l9zxw67l2onj0bst8780 Ají de gallina 0 162776 891572 2026-08-05T06:06:49Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293517020|Ají de gallina]]" 891572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=|image=File:Ají de gallina.jpg|caption=}}My WhatsApp number is the same as a facilitator and I have a brief description of my project titled the project is a lot of the time Ají de gallina dafa kaza ne na Peruvian. Ana ɗaukar abincin a matsayin sanannen abinci na ta'aziyya na Peruvian, kuma sunan yana fassara zuwa "chicken chili" ko "hen's chili" a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina – Reloaded |url=https://perudelights.com/aji-de-gallina-reloaded/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru Delights |publisher=perudelights.com}}</ref> Ají de gallina ya ƙunshi tushe na sofrito wanda aka yi ta hanyar sautéing ja onion, [[tafarnuwa]], da ají amarillo tare, da ƙara ƙwayoyin kaji da kayan aiki. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa dafa burodi da aka tsoma a cikin [[madara]] ko madara mai narkewa, cuku kamar Parmesan, da kuma kwayoyi kamar pecas ko walnuts. Ají amarillo ("yellow chili") wani albasa ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka samo asali ne daga [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Abincin Peruvian. Ana ba da Ají de gallina yawanci tare da dankali da aka dafa da farin shinkafa, kuma an yi masa ado da baƙar zaitun da kwai mai dafa da wuya.<ref name="Spruce">{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina: Peruvian Spicy Creamed Chicken |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/spicy-creamed-chicken-aji-de-gallina-3029517 |access-date=2 December 2018 |website=The Spruce Eats}}</ref> == Tarihi == Aji de gallina an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga manjar blanco ko ''fararen abinci'', haɗuwa da almond, madara, sukari, da kaza ko kifi, wanda [[Moors]] suka fara gabatar da shi zuwa Spain kafin Reconquista.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de gallina |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/aji-de-gallina |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Taste Atlas |publisher=tasteatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn about the history of the legendary Ají de Gallina, a leading dish in Peruvian cuisine |url=https://peru.info/en-us/gastronomy/news/2/13/learn-about-the-history-of-the-legendary-aji-de-gallina--a-leading-dish-in-peruvian-cuisine |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru.info |publisher=Peru.info}}</ref> Duk da yake a Turai fararen abinci ya zama kayan zaki bayan Tsakiyar Tsakiya (duba blancmange), a cikin mulkin mallaka na Peru an haɗa stew tare da albasa na asali don samar da babban abinci mai dadi. Tarihin baki ya ce tsoffin masu dafa abinci ne suka kirkireshi ga aristocracy na Faransa da ke tserewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Faransa kuma suna samun sabon aiki a cikin Mataimakin Sarkin Peru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=New World Review |publisher=newworldreview.com}}</ref> An halicce shi ta amfani da kaza da dankali, kuma wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da amfani da turkey ko tuna da aka kwantar. == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin kaza * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] * Opor - Abincin madara na Indonesiya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Commons-inline}} 2v0olrmj76bzt6frhjovln9lyjih8tz 891573 891572 2026-08-05T06:07:51Z Alubaki 30448 891573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=|image=File:Ají de gallina.jpg|caption=}} Ají de gallina dafa kaza ne na Peruvian. Ana ɗaukar abincin a matsayin sanannen abinci na ta'aziyya na Peruvian, kuma sunan yana fassara zuwa "chicken chili" ko "hen's chili" a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina – Reloaded |url=https://perudelights.com/aji-de-gallina-reloaded/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru Delights |publisher=perudelights.com}}</ref> Ají de gallina ya ƙunshi tushe na sofrito wanda aka yi ta hanyar sautéing ja onion, [[tafarnuwa]], da ají amarillo tare, da ƙara ƙwayoyin kaji da kayan aiki. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa dafa burodi da aka tsoma a cikin [[madara]] ko madara mai narkewa, cuku kamar Parmesan, da kuma kwayoyi kamar pecas ko walnuts. Ají amarillo ("yellow chili") wani albasa ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka samo asali ne daga [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Abincin Peruvian. Ana ba da Ají de gallina yawanci tare da dankali da aka dafa da farin shinkafa, kuma an yi masa ado da baƙar zaitun da kwai mai dafa da wuya.<ref name="Spruce">{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina: Peruvian Spicy Creamed Chicken |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/spicy-creamed-chicken-aji-de-gallina-3029517 |access-date=2 December 2018 |website=The Spruce Eats}}</ref> == Tarihi == Aji de gallina an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga manjar blanco ko ''fararen abinci'', haɗuwa da almond, madara, sukari, da kaza ko kifi, wanda [[Moors]] suka fara gabatar da shi zuwa Spain kafin Reconquista.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de gallina |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/aji-de-gallina |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Taste Atlas |publisher=tasteatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn about the history of the legendary Ají de Gallina, a leading dish in Peruvian cuisine |url=https://peru.info/en-us/gastronomy/news/2/13/learn-about-the-history-of-the-legendary-aji-de-gallina--a-leading-dish-in-peruvian-cuisine |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru.info |publisher=Peru.info}}</ref> Duk da yake a Turai fararen abinci ya zama kayan zaki bayan Tsakiyar Tsakiya (duba blancmange), a cikin mulkin mallaka na Peru an haɗa stew tare da albasa na asali don samar da babban abinci mai dadi. Tarihin baki ya ce tsoffin masu dafa abinci ne suka kirkireshi ga aristocracy na Faransa da ke tserewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Faransa kuma suna samun sabon aiki a cikin Mataimakin Sarkin Peru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=New World Review |publisher=newworldreview.com}}</ref> An halicce shi ta amfani da kaza da dankali, kuma wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da amfani da turkey ko tuna da aka kwantar. == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin kaza * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] * Opor - Abincin madara na Indonesiya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Commons-inline}} 4syjisecyqo05oqg8atsc3rlm18sydz 891574 891573 2026-08-05T06:08:57Z Alubaki 30448 891574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox food|name=|image=File:Ají de gallina.jpg|caption=}} '''Ají de gallina''' dafa kaza ne na Peruvian. Ana ɗaukar abincin a matsayin sanannen abinci na ta'aziyya na Peruvian, kuma sunan yana fassara zuwa "chicken chili" ko "hen's chili" a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina – Reloaded |url=https://perudelights.com/aji-de-gallina-reloaded/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru Delights |publisher=perudelights.com}}</ref> Ají de gallina ya ƙunshi tushe na sofrito wanda aka yi ta hanyar sautéing ja onion, [[tafarnuwa]], da ají amarillo tare, da ƙara ƙwayoyin kaji da kayan aiki. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa dafa burodi da aka tsoma a cikin [[madara]] ko madara mai narkewa, cuku kamar Parmesan, da kuma kwayoyi kamar pecas ko walnuts. Ají amarillo ("yellow chili") wani albasa ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka samo asali ne daga [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Abincin Peruvian. Ana ba da Ají de gallina yawanci tare da dankali da aka dafa da farin shinkafa, kuma an yi masa ado da baƙar zaitun da kwai mai dafa da wuya.<ref name="Spruce">{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina: Peruvian Spicy Creamed Chicken |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/spicy-creamed-chicken-aji-de-gallina-3029517 |access-date=2 December 2018 |website=The Spruce Eats}}</ref> == Tarihi == Aji de gallina an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga manjar blanco ko ''fararen abinci'', haɗuwa da almond, madara, sukari, da kaza ko kifi, wanda [[Moors]] suka fara gabatar da shi zuwa Spain kafin Reconquista.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de gallina |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/aji-de-gallina |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Taste Atlas |publisher=tasteatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn about the history of the legendary Ají de Gallina, a leading dish in Peruvian cuisine |url=https://peru.info/en-us/gastronomy/news/2/13/learn-about-the-history-of-the-legendary-aji-de-gallina--a-leading-dish-in-peruvian-cuisine |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru.info |publisher=Peru.info}}</ref> Duk da yake a Turai fararen abinci ya zama kayan zaki bayan Tsakiyar Tsakiya (duba blancmange), a cikin mulkin mallaka na Peru an haɗa stew tare da albasa na asali don samar da babban abinci mai dadi. Tarihin baki ya ce tsoffin masu dafa abinci ne suka kirkireshi ga aristocracy na Faransa da ke tserewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Faransa kuma suna samun sabon aiki a cikin Mataimakin Sarkin Peru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=New World Review |publisher=newworldreview.com}}</ref> An halicce shi ta amfani da kaza da dankali, kuma wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da amfani da turkey ko tuna da aka kwantar. == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin kaza * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] * Opor - Abincin madara na Indonesiya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Commons-inline}} 536l08xhr72nhsonz6jg30vpj90bjex 891576 891574 2026-08-05T06:12:40Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 891576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox food|name=|image=File:Ají de gallina.jpg|caption=}} '''Ají de gallina''' dafa kaza ne na Peruvian. Ana ɗaukar abincin a matsayin sanannen abinci na ta'aziyya na Peruvian, kuma sunan yana fassara zuwa "chicken chili" ko "hen's chili" a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina – Reloaded |url=https://perudelights.com/aji-de-gallina-reloaded/ |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru Delights |publisher=perudelights.com}}</ref> Ají de gallina ya ƙunshi tushe na sofrito wanda aka yi ta hanyar sautéing ja onion, [[tafarnuwa]], da ají amarillo tare, da ƙara ƙwayoyin kaji da kayan aiki. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa dafa burodi da aka tsoma a cikin [[madara]] ko madara mai narkewa, cuku kamar Parmesan, da kuma kwayoyi kamar pecas ko walnuts. Ají amarillo ("yellow chili") wani albasa ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka samo asali ne daga [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin Abincin Peruvian. Ana ba da Ají de gallina yawanci tare da dankali da aka dafa da farin shinkafa, kuma an yi masa ado da baƙar zaitun da kwai mai dafa da wuya.<ref name="Spruce">{{Cite web |title=Aji de Gallina: Peruvian Spicy Creamed Chicken |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/spicy-creamed-chicken-aji-de-gallina-3029517 |access-date=2 December 2018 |website=The Spruce Eats}}</ref> == Tarihi == Aji de gallina an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga manjar blanco ko ''fararen abinci'', haɗuwa da almond, madara, sukari, da kaza ko kifi, wanda [[Moors]] suka fara gabatar da shi zuwa Spain kafin Reconquista.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aji de gallina |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/aji-de-gallina |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Taste Atlas |publisher=tasteatlas.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn about the history of the legendary Ají de Gallina, a leading dish in Peruvian cuisine |url=https://peru.info/en-us/gastronomy/news/2/13/learn-about-the-history-of-the-legendary-aji-de-gallina--a-leading-dish-in-peruvian-cuisine |access-date=8 January 2021 |website=Peru.info |publisher=Peru.info}}</ref> Duk da yake a Turai fararen abinci ya zama kayan zaki bayan Tsakiyar Tsakiya (duba blancmange), a cikin mulkin mallaka na Peru an haɗa stew tare da albasa na asali don samar da babban abinci mai dadi. Tarihin baki ya ce tsoffin masu dafa abinci ne suka kirkireshi ga aristocracy na Faransa da ke tserewa daga Juyin Juya Halin Faransa kuma suna samun sabon aiki a cikin Mataimakin Sarkin Peru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gill |first=Nicholas |title=Aji de gallina |url=http://newworldreview.com/tag/aji-de-gallina/ |access-date=9 January 2021 |website=New World Review |publisher=newworldreview.com}}</ref> An halicce shi ta amfani da kaza da dankali, kuma wasu bambance-bambance sun haɗa da amfani da turkey ko tuna da aka kwantar.<ref name="Scattergood">{{cite web |last1=Scattergood |first1=Amy |title=A Recipe From the Chef: Ricardo Zarate's Aji de Gallina |url=https://www.laweekly.com/restaurants/a-recipe-from-the-chef-ricardo-zarates-aji-de-gallina-2383259 |website=L.A. Weekly |accessdate=2 December 2018 |date=24 June 2010}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin kaza * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] * Opor - Abincin madara na Indonesiya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Commons-inline}} p8te8urcn3cfw4owjydf6qhpt1c7634 Manchamanteles 0 162777 891577 2026-08-05T06:19:39Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365846892|Manchamanteles]]" 891577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Mexico City a his father is the only one who is there is the same shi I want to be a yanzu a on the drive and it's not accessible now but it is the same as the first one Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h5xy960jc0x5buop5tjkjnfd11igdzt 891579 891577 2026-08-05T06:23:35Z Alubaki 30448 /* Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye */ 891579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Mexico City a his father is the only one who is there is the same shi I want to be a yanzu a on the drive and it's not accessible now but it is the same as the first one Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5ndj4he10fzvypmdblje5g060oeeovr 891580 891579 2026-08-05T06:25:03Z Alubaki 30448 /* Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi */ 891580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Mexico City a his father is the only one who is there is the same shi I want to be a yanzu a on the drive and it's not accessible now but it is the same as the first one Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarranco_Ángeles2021">Barranco Ángeles, Elsa Nathalie (2021). [https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 "Mole manchamanteles"]. ''Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA''. '''10''' (19). Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo: <span class="nowrap">51–</span>52. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-4913 2007-4913]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bzsjc4irb9cxamd8eiq0yb0vdxhiskx 891581 891580 2026-08-05T06:26:21Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 891581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Mexico City a his father is the only one who is there is the same shi I want to be a yanzu a on the drive and it's not accessible now but it is the same as the first one Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7e0twikpbbpg9gpozubq6ibfx4n3khw 891582 891581 2026-08-05T06:29:05Z Alubaki 30448 891582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7f59s58up5cpmb8cz2rpsz6pegjx458 891583 891582 2026-08-05T06:29:33Z Alubaki 30448 891583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox food|name=Manchamanteles|image=File:Manchamanteles - Puebla.jpg|caption=}}'''Manchamanteles''' (a zahiri, "mai shafa tufafi") a cikin Abincin Mexico, dafa abinci ne na [[nama]] iri-iri, albasa, [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]], da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kayan girke-girke na al'ada don mancha manteles ya ƙunshi [[kaza]] da / ko naman alade, [[Chorizo]], [[apple]] pineapple, apple, [[ayaba]], chili peppers, almond, cinnamon, man da [[Tumatir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2020 |title=Manchamanteles – A Festive Medley of Flavours and Colours |url=https://mysliceofmexico.ca/2020/05/05/manchamanteles-a-festive-medley-of-flavours-and-colours/ |access-date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Sauce a cikin manchamanteles an dauke shi wani nau'i ne na mole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=What Is Molé? Diving Into One of Mexico's Most Famous Sauces |url=https://www.themanual.com/food-and-drink/what-is-mole-sauce/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=The Manual}}</ref> == Magana == Sunan ''Manchamante'' a zahiri yana nufin "mai canza tufafi" a cikin Mutanen Espanya, yana nuni da halin da ake ciki na cin ganyayyaki tare da ja mai zurfi, sauce na chile.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> == Tarihi == Manchamanteles ta al'ada tana da alaƙa da masallatai na zamanin mulkin mallaka na Puebla da Oaxaca, jihohin Mexico guda biyu inda aka fi kafa abincin.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Wani tarin girke-girke na karni na 17 wanda aka danganta ga Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz a Convent na San Jerónimo a Mexico City ya haɗa da wani nau'in abincin tsakanin girke-zirgar da suka haɗu da sinadaran asali da Tsohon Duniya.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> Wani sashi na ƙarni na 19 ya bayyana a cikin Libro de cocina de D. Jose Moreda (1832), rubutun hannu da aka adana a ɗakin karatu na jama'a a Oaxaca . == Matsayi tsakanin masu laushi == Manchamanteles an rarraba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "moles bakwai" na abincin Oaxacan, tare da mole negro, rojo, coloradito, amarillo, verde, da chichilo, kodayake Puebla ta yi ikirarin cewa shi ne abincin Pueblan.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Kalmar mole ta samo asali ne daga Nahuatl ''Mulli'', ma'ana "sauce" ko "stew", kuma an gina abincin ne a kusa da wani nau'i mai kauri, wanda ya samo asali ne a cikin wannan al'ada.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma shirye-shirye == Tushen abinci na musamman sun bayyana sauce kamar yadda ya haɗu da ancho ko chilhuacle chiles tare da cinnamon, clove, pepper, onion, almond, thyme, oregano, da tafarnuwa, an gama shi da raguwar 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi ciki har da pineapple, plantain, apple, da pear.<ref name="Barranco2021">{{Cite journal |last=Barranco Ángeles |first=Elsa Nathalie |year=2021 |title=Mole manchamanteles |url=https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/icea/article/download/7912/8324/43442 |journal=Boletín Científico de las Ciencias Económico Administrativas del ICEA |publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo |volume=10 |issue=19 |pages=51–52 |issn=2007-4913 |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> Ana yawan dafa naman alade ko kaza a cikin sauce tare da 'ya'yan itace, suna samar da bayanin dandano wanda ke daidaita ƙanshi, hayaki, da bayanin kula mai dadi.<ref name="Barranco2021" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lmom0s0ne15gtqozdgbsu7rovvsirgb Jorge Madureira 0 162778 891624 2026-08-05T08:38:12Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1203727307|Jorge Madureira]]" 891624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Manuel Catarino Madureira''' (an haife shi 5 ga Fabrairu 1976) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Portugal mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Matosinhos, Madureira ya shiga tsarin matasa na FC Porto yana da shekaru 10. A kakar wasa ta 1993–94, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya fara da kunnen doki 0-0 da SC Beira-Mar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1994, wanda hakan ne kawai zai zama wasansa na gasa. Daga baya, Madureira ya taka leda a Leça FC ( Primeira Liga, wasanni biyar kawai) da Gil Vicente FC ( Segunda Liga ), yana ciyar da shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da CD Aves a cikin rukuni na biyu. Ya dawo kan gaba a kakar wasa ta 1998-99, amma sau ɗaya kawai ya buga wa Académica de Coimbra - rashin nasara a gida da FC Alverca - wanda kuma ya fuskanci koma-baya a matsayin na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascoal |first=Alcino |title=Portugal 1998/99 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/port99.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] tju6e0ao6v5kc965kx3c1b6n9vooz95 891625 891624 2026-08-05T08:40:16Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1203727307|Jorge Madureira]]" 891625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Manuel Catarino Madureira''' (an haife shi 5 ga Fabrairu 1976) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Portugal mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Matosinhos, Madureira ya shiga tsarin matasa na FC Porto yana da shekaru 10. A kakar wasa ta 1993–94, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya fara da kunnen doki 0-0 da SC Beira-Mar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1994, wanda hakan ne kawai zai zama wasansa na gasa. Daga baya, Madureira ya taka leda a Leça FC ( Primeira Liga, wasanni biyar kawai) da Gil Vicente FC ( Segunda Liga ), yana ciyar da shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da CD Aves a cikin rukuni na biyu. Ya dawo kan gaba a kakar wasa ta 1998-99, amma sau ɗaya kawai ya buga wa Académica de Coimbra - rashin nasara a gida da FC Alverca - wanda kuma ya fuskanci koma-baya a matsayin na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascoal |first=Alcino |title=Portugal 1998/99 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/port99.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A cikin yanayi masu zuwa, Madureira ya wakilci AD Esposende, FC Penafiel da Vilanovense FC, sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob na biyu na SC Salgueiros . Bayan shekara guda da ya yi tare da FC Pedras Rubras a rukuni na uku, ya koma Leça don ƙarin kamfen uku, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta koma wannan matakin a shekararsa ta biyu sannan ya yi ritaya a sana'a a watan Yunin 2008, yana da shekaru 32. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Madureira ta yi wa tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Portugal wasa sau 15, inda ta sake buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 . Ya buga dukkan wasannin da ƙungiyar ta yi a gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 1995, inda ya zo na uku. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 7s63t9cl9x3cezau84ktj9m2758jmnr 891626 891625 2026-08-05T08:41:47Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1203727307|Jorge Madureira]]" 891626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jorge Manuel Catarino Madureira''' (an haife shi 5 ga Fabrairu 1976) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Portugal mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Matosinhos, Madureira ya shiga tsarin matasa na FC Porto yana da shekaru 10. A kakar wasa ta 1993–94, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya fara da kunnen doki 0-0 da SC Beira-Mar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1994, wanda hakan ne kawai zai zama wasansa na gasa. Daga baya, Madureira ya taka leda a Leça FC ( Primeira Liga, wasanni biyar kawai) da Gil Vicente FC ( Segunda Liga ), yana ciyar da shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da CD Aves a cikin rukuni na biyu. Ya dawo kan gaba a kakar wasa ta 1998-99, amma sau ɗaya kawai ya buga wa Académica de Coimbra - rashin nasara a gida da FC Alverca - wanda kuma ya fuskanci koma-baya a matsayin na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascoal |first=Alcino |title=Portugal 1998/99 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/port99.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A cikin yanayi masu zuwa, Madureira ya wakilci AD Esposende, FC Penafiel da Vilanovense FC, sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob na biyu na SC Salgueiros . Bayan shekara guda da ya yi tare da FC Pedras Rubras a rukuni na uku, ya koma Leça don ƙarin kamfen uku, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta koma wannan matakin a shekararsa ta biyu sannan ya yi ritaya a sana'a a watan Yunin 2008, yana da shekaru 32. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Madureira ta yi wa tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Portugal wasa sau 15, inda ta sake buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 . Ya buga dukkan wasannin da ƙungiyar ta yi a gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 1995, inda ya zo na uku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Jorge Madureira at ForaDeJogo (archived) * Jorge Madureira national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese) * {{FIFA player|168389}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 3ga8n0scfpyf24k2ks73vylnf65xc88 891638 891626 2026-08-05T09:46:16Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jorge Manuel Catarino Madureira''' (an haife shi 5 ga Fabrairu 1976) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Portugal mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Matosinhos, Madureira ya shiga tsarin matasa na FC Porto yana da shekaru 10. A kakar wasa ta 1993–94, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya fara da kunnen doki 0-0 da SC Beira-Mar a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1994, wanda hakan ne kawai zai zama wasansa na gasa. Daga baya, Madureira ya taka leda a Leça FC ( Primeira Liga, wasanni biyar kawai) da Gil Vicente FC ( Segunda Liga ), yana ciyar da shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da CD Aves a cikin rukuni na biyu. Ya dawo kan gaba a kakar wasa ta 1998-99, amma sau ɗaya kawai ya buga wa Académica de Coimbra - rashin nasara a gida da FC Alverca - wanda kuma ya fuskanci koma-baya a matsayin na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pascoal |first=Alcino |title=Portugal 1998/99 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesp/port99.html |access-date=24 January 2023 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A cikin yanayi masu zuwa, Madureira ya wakilci AD Esposende, FC Penafiel da Vilanovense FC, sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob na biyu na SC Salgueiros . Bayan shekara guda da ya yi tare da FC Pedras Rubras a rukuni na uku, ya koma Leça don ƙarin kamfen uku, yana taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta koma wannan matakin a shekararsa ta biyu sannan ya yi ritaya a sana'a a watan Yunin 2008, yana da shekaru 32. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Madureira ta yi wa tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Portugal wasa sau 15, inda ta sake buga wasa da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 . Ya buga dukkan wasannin da ƙungiyar ta yi a gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 1995, inda ya zo na uku. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Jorge Madureira at ForaDeJogo (archived) * Jorge Madureira national team profile at the Portuguese Football Federation (in Portuguese) * {{FIFA player|168389}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6bnsm4wrv5hloj6tdrysushr6ca4qcm Yukari Kinga 0 162779 891627 2026-08-05T08:43:26Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351176697|Yukari Kinga]]" 891627 wikitext text/x-wiki Yukari Kinga tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce ta ƙasar Japan wadda ta taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Ta taɓa bugawa [[Japan women's national football team|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Japan wasa]], inda ta lashe [[2011 FIFA Women's World Cup|Kofin Duniya na Fifa a 2011]] da kuma [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|lambar azurfa ta Olympics]] kafin ta yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a 2016. == Aikin kulob == === A Japan har zuwa 2013 === An haifi Kinga a [[Yokohama]] a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1984. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta shiga Nippon TV Beleza a shekarar 2003 inda ta taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan tsakiya mai kai hari da kuma 'yar wasan gefen dama. A kakar wasa ta 2003, an ba ta kyautar Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasan Matasa na Nadeshiko League . A lokacin da take aiki a Nippon TV Beleza, kungiyar ta lashe gasar Nadeshiko League sau 5. A shekarar 2011, ta koma INAC Kobe Leonessa tare da 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa [[Homare Sawa]], Shinobu Ohno da Chiaki Minamiyama saboda matsin tattalin arziki a ƙungiyar. A INAC Kobe Leonessa, ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Nadeshiko League tsawon shekaru 3 a jere ( 2011 - 2013 ). An zaɓe ta cikin Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasan XI na gasar tsawon shekaru 6 a jere ( 2007 – 2012 ). [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] eu7m6vrvj5tglt9kwdk7v4waajnykel 891628 891627 2026-08-05T08:45:05Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351176697|Yukari Kinga]]" 891628 wikitext text/x-wiki Yukari Kinga tsohuwar 'yar wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce ta ƙasar Japan wadda ta taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Ta taɓa bugawa [[Japan women's national football team|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Japan wasa]], inda ta lashe [[2011 FIFA Women's World Cup|Kofin Duniya na Fifa a 2011]] da kuma [[Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament|lambar azurfa ta Olympics]] kafin ta yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a 2016. == Aikin kulob == === A Japan har zuwa 2013 === An haifi Kinga a [[Yokohama]] a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1984. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta shiga Nippon TV Beleza a shekarar 2003 inda ta taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan tsakiya mai kai hari da kuma 'yar wasan gefen dama. A kakar wasa ta 2003, an ba ta kyautar Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasan Matasa na Nadeshiko League . A lokacin da take aiki a Nippon TV Beleza, kungiyar ta lashe gasar Nadeshiko League sau 5. A shekarar 2011, ta koma INAC Kobe Leonessa tare da 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa [[Homare Sawa]], Shinobu Ohno da Chiaki Minamiyama saboda matsin tattalin arziki a ƙungiyar. A INAC Kobe Leonessa, ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Nadeshiko League tsawon shekaru 3 a jere ( 2011 - 2013 ). An zaɓe ta cikin Mafi Kyawun 'Yan Wasan XI na gasar tsawon shekaru 6 a jere ( 2007 – 2012 ). A watan Janairun 2014, babban manajan INAC ya bayyana cewa Kinga ta amince ta shiga kungiyar Arsenal Ladies ta Ingila FA WSL kuma a watan Fabrairu ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2014 |title=Club signs Yukari Kinga and Shinobu Ohno |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/club-signs-yukari-kinga-and-shinobu-ohno |access-date=6 July 2015 |website=arsenal.com |publisher=[[Arsenal L.F.C.]]}}</ref> A Arsenal, Kinga ta taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen kaiwa ga wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin mata ta FA ta 2014, wadda ta lashe a wasan da ci 2-0 a kan Everton . Ta sake sanya hannu da INAC Kobe a farkon shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2015 |title=Kinga and Ohno return to INAC Kobe |url=http://shekicks.net/news/view/11094 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108151126/http://shekicks.net/news/view/11094 |archive-date=8 January 2015 |access-date=8 January 2015 |publisher=shekicks.net}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, ta fara bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australian W-League a ƙungiyar Canberra United . A watan Oktoba na 2017, Kinga ya shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun W-League da ke Melbourne City . A watan Fabrairun 2019, ta koma Japan ta kuma koma kungiyar Orca Kamogawa FC . A watan Oktoba na 2019, Kinga ya sake rattaba hannu da Melbourne City. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2019 |title=Melbourne City FC re-signs three W-League stars |url=https://www.melbournecityfc.com.au/news/melbourne-city-fc-re-signs-five-w-league-stars |website=[[Melbourne City FC|Melbourne City]]}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, an sanar da cewa Kinga zai sake rattaba hannu da Orca Kamogawa a ƙarshen kakar wasannin W-League ta 2019-20 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2020 |title=近賀ゆかり選手 再加入のお知らせ |trans-title=Notice of re-signing of Yukari Kinga |url=http://www.orcakamogawafc.com/news/news_647.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416050214/http://www.orcakamogawafc.com/news/news_647.html |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=24 December 2020 |publisher=[[Orca Kamogawa FC|Orca Kamogawa]] |language=ja}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == A watan Agusta na 2002, ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Japan ta zaɓi Kinga a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ta FIFA ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=190316/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622060229/https://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=190316/index.html |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Maris 2005, ta fara buga wa ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Japan wasa da Ostiraliya . <ref name="JFA">[http://www.jfa.or.jp/archive/women/daihyo/data/WGame.pdf Japan Football Association]{{In lang|ja}}</ref> Tana wasa a matsayin ' [[Mai buga tsakiya|yar wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]] da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|'yar wasan gefen dama]] har zuwa 2007, lokacin da manaja Hiroshi Ohashi ya mayar da ita mai tsaron [[Mai buga baya|baya ta dama]] . Bayan ta sauya matsayinta, ta zama 'yar wasa ta yau da kullun a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Japan. Japan ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2011 inda Kinga ta buga wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2011 |title=USA v Japan – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/17/usa-japan-live-world-cup-final |access-date=13 April 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2015 kuma ta sami lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 . Ta buga wasanni 100 kuma ta ci wa Japan kwallaye 5 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2016. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] lxnc741utezyyb85omm4bmsmxhw25yj Sandra van Tol 0 162780 891637 2026-08-05T09:42:16Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356923324|Sandra van Tol]]" 891637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra von Tol''' tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce kuma manaja a ƙasar Holland. Tun bayan da ta yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru, yanzu tana aiki a matsayin kocin ADO Den Haag . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schilder |first=Menno |date=February 21, 2026 |title=ADO-vrouwen hopen op ommezwaai KNVB over degradatieregeling: 'Ze draaien onze nek om' |url=https://www.omroepwest.nl/sport/5067823/ado-vrouwen-hopen-op-ommezwaai-knvb-over-degradatieregeling-ze-draaien-onze-nek-om |website=www.omroepwest.nl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Na ontslag van hoofdtrainer staat Sandra van Tol wéér voor de groep bij ADO Vrouwen: ‘Ik heb zeker ambities’ |url=https://www.ad.nl/den-haag/na-ontslag-van-hoofdtrainer-staat-sandra-van-tol-weer-voor-de-groep-bij-ado-vrouwen-ik-heb-zeker-ambities~aec0c381/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F |website=myprivacy.dpgmedia.nl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Van Tol verruilt ADO Den Haag Vrouwen voor assistent-trainerschap bij FC Twente |trans-title=Van Tol swaps ADO Den Haag Women for assistant coaching position at FC Twente |url=https://www.espn.nl/voetbal/artikel/_/id/16571775/van-tol-verruilt-ado-den-haag-vrouwen-voor-assistent-trainerschap-bij-fc-twente |website=www.espn.nl |language=nl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoofdtrainer ADO Den Haag Vrouwen vertrekt en wordt assistent bij FC Twente |trans-title=Head coach of ADO Den Haag Women leaves and becomes assistant at FC Twente |url=https://www.ad.nl/regiosport-den-haag/hoofdtrainer-ado-den-haag-vrouwen-vertrekt-en-wordt-assistent-bij-fc-twente~adc8a138/ |website=[[Algemeen Dagblad]] |language=nl}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 10 ga Satumba 1992, Sandra van Tol ta lashe wasa na farko cikin wasanni 82 da ta buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OnsOranje |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/210486/speler/19618 |website=www.onsoranje.nl}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] fk5q1xpbazri5rm7bxr6sc8oim6n9pz Aleksey Shpilevsky 0 162781 891640 2026-08-05T09:52:37Z Abdurra'uf 23412 sabon muqala 891640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus. jl5a4c0epyq5bma1g0e2fijo15lhrx0 891641 891640 2026-08-05T09:53:31Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Shpilevsky ɗan wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa na Belarus ne Nikolay Shpilevsky. Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyoyin matasa na VfB Stuttgart kuma ya wakilci Belarus a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2005. A shekara ta 2006, dole ne ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na wasa saboda mummunan raunin baya. 5gglw2pgpiw0y1r9xi1h1w2w77rrz9q 891642 891641 2026-08-05T09:54:31Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Shpilevsky ɗan wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa na Belarus ne Nikolay Shpilevsky. Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyoyin matasa na VfB Stuttgart kuma ya wakilci Belarus a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2005. A shekara ta 2006, dole ne ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na wasa saboda mummunan raunin baya. == Aikin kochin == Bayan ya yi ritaya, Shpilevsky ya fara aiki a matsayin kocin matasa 'yan wasa a Jamus. Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2018 ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a tsarin matasa na RB Leipzig. fko9xmz3q3iakpuj6xacw7frvmlbug0 891643 891642 2026-08-05T09:55:38Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Shpilevsky ɗan wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa na Belarus ne Nikolay Shpilevsky. Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyoyin matasa na VfB Stuttgart kuma ya wakilci Belarus a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2005. A shekara ta 2006, dole ne ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na wasa saboda mummunan raunin baya. == Aikin kochin == Bayan ya yi ritaya, Shpilevsky ya fara aiki a matsayin kocin matasa 'yan wasa a Jamus. Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2018 ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a tsarin matasa na RB Leipzig. A watan Yunin 2018, Shpilevsky ya koma kungiyar Dinamo Brest ta Belarus a matsayin babban koci, kuma ya bar kungiyar a watan Agusta, bayan rashin fahimta da shugabannin kungiyar. A watan Nuwamba na 2018, an gabatar da shi a matsayin sabon kocin FC Kairat, wanda hakan ya sanya shi zama kocin da ya fi kowanne matashi a Kazakhstan. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2021, Shpilevsky ya bar Kairat ya zama sabon kocin FC Erzgebirge Aue. An kore shi daga aiki bayan wasanni bakwai, bayan ya sami maki uku, a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2021. hj50jaf3irt9urcit4gnytj1xpglyoa 891644 891643 2026-08-05T09:56:27Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus. == Aikin ƙuruciya == Shpilevsky ɗan wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa na Belarus ne Nikolay Shpilevsky. Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyoyin matasa na VfB Stuttgart kuma ya wakilci Belarus a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2005. A shekara ta 2006, dole ne ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na wasa saboda mummunan raunin baya. == Aikin kochin == Bayan ya yi ritaya, Shpilevsky ya fara aiki a matsayin kocin matasa 'yan wasa a Jamus. Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2018 ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a tsarin matasa na RB Leipzig. A watan Yunin 2018, Shpilevsky ya koma kungiyar Dinamo Brest ta Belarus a matsayin babban koci, kuma ya bar kungiyar a watan Agusta, bayan rashin fahimta da shugabannin kungiyar. A watan Nuwamba na 2018, an gabatar da shi a matsayin sabon kocin FC Kairat, wanda hakan ya sanya shi zama kocin da ya fi kowanne matashi a Kazakhstan. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2021, Shpilevsky ya bar Kairat ya zama sabon kocin FC Erzgebirge Aue. An kore shi daga aiki bayan wasanni bakwai, bayan ya sami maki uku, a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2021. A watan Fabrairun 2022, Shpilevsky ya koma kulob din Aris Limassol na Cyprus a matsayin sabon kocinsu. Ya jagorance su zuwa matsayi na 4 a gasar, inda suka yi kunnen doki da matsayi mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya jagorance su zuwa gasar lig ta farko a tarihin kungiyar. A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2025, Shpilevsky ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Pari Nizhny Novgorod na gasar Premier ta Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2026, Shpilevsky ya bar Paris bisa amincewar juna, tare da kulob din a yankin da za a iya rage darajarsa. 1l6we3k3u965zmpzxya26g613q509tl 891645 891644 2026-08-05T09:58:20Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aleksey Shpilevsky''' Dan Belarus Russian an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1988) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Belarus.<ref>https://www.kicker.de/_ein_problem_ist_der_grosse_fleischkonsum_-772568/artikel</ref> == Aikin ƙuruciya == Shpilevsky ɗan wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa na Belarus ne Nikolay Shpilevsky. Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyoyin matasa na VfB Stuttgart kuma ya wakilci Belarus a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2005. A shekara ta 2006, dole ne ya kawo ƙarshen aikinsa na wasa saboda mummunan raunin baya.<ref>http://goals.by/football/news/48866</ref> == Aikin kochin == Bayan ya yi ritaya, Shpilevsky ya fara aiki a matsayin kocin matasa 'yan wasa a Jamus. Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2018 ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a tsarin matasa na RB Leipzig.<ref>https://www.kicker.de/projekt-gescheitert-erzgebirge-aue-trennt-sich-von-trainer-shpilevski-872105/artikel</ref> A watan Yunin 2018, Shpilevsky ya koma kungiyar Dinamo Brest ta Belarus a matsayin babban koci, kuma ya bar kungiyar a watan Agusta, bayan rashin fahimta da shugabannin kungiyar. A watan Nuwamba na 2018, an gabatar da shi a matsayin sabon kocin FC Kairat, wanda hakan ya sanya shi zama kocin da ya fi kowanne matashi a Kazakhstan. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2021, Shpilevsky ya bar Kairat ya zama sabon kocin FC Erzgebirge Aue. An kore shi daga aiki bayan wasanni bakwai, bayan ya sami maki uku, a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2021. A watan Fabrairun 2022, Shpilevsky ya koma kulob din Aris Limassol na Cyprus a matsayin sabon kocinsu. Ya jagorance su zuwa matsayi na 4 a gasar, inda suka yi kunnen doki da matsayi mafi girma a tarihin ƙungiyar. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya jagorance su zuwa gasar lig ta farko a tarihin kungiyar. A ranar 16 ga Yuni 2025, Shpilevsky ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da Pari Nizhny Novgorod na gasar Premier ta Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2026, Shpilevsky ya bar Paris bisa amincewar juna, tare da kulob din a yankin da za a iya rage darajarsa.<ref>https://fcnn.ru/news/75132</ref> == Manazarta == p4pcqao5xvdzdtus31ewbv2t6xj251v Nelson Khumbeni 0 162782 891649 2026-08-05T10:26:45Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nelson Khumbeni''' Nelson Wilfred Khumbeni (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2002) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malawi wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar EFL League Two Gillingham. Khumbeni ya fara buga wa Bolton wasa a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2022 a wasan da suka doke Salford City da ci 5-1 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 83 a madadin MJ Williams . [1] A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2023, ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta shekaru biyu tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar B a kakar wasa ta bana. s0cdxqalst96l5xf81og88v1vjg880c 891651 891649 2026-08-05T10:34:43Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nelson Khumbeni''' Nelson Wilfred Khumbeni (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2002) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malawi wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar EFL League Two Gillingham. Khumbeni ya fara buga wa Bolton wasa a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2022 a wasan da suka doke Salford City da ci 5-1 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 83 a madadin MJ Williams. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2023, ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta shekaru biyu tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar B a kakar wasa ta bana. A watan Oktoba na 2023, Khumbeni ya koma ƙungiyar National League AFC Fylde a kan yarjejeniyar aro na kwanaki 28. A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2024, Khumbeni ya koma kulob din EFL League Two Morecambe a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, Bolton ta tabbatar da cewa sun kunna zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar. A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, Khumbemi ya koma wata ƙungiyar League Two, Accrington Stanley, a matsayin aro. A watan Janairun 2025, Khumbeni ya koma Gillingham na League Two kan kwangilar dindindin kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. icg61kpuy8wbj7em3jwk16f3rwwb6vj 891652 891651 2026-08-05T10:36:35Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nelson Khumbeni''' Nelson Wilfred Khumbeni (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2002) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malawi wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar EFL League Two Gillingham.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4g77v59d6jo</ref> Khumbeni ya fara buga wa Bolton wasa a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2022 a wasan da suka doke Salford City da ci 5-1 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 83 a madadin MJ Williams. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2023, ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta shekaru biyu tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar B a kakar wasa ta bana. A watan Oktoba na 2023, Khumbeni ya koma ƙungiyar National League AFC Fylde a kan yarjejeniyar aro na kwanaki 28.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62387996#tab-Line-ups</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2024, Khumbeni ya koma kulob din EFL League Two Morecambe a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, Bolton ta tabbatar da cewa sun kunna zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar. A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, Khumbemi ya koma wata ƙungiyar League Two, Accrington Stanley, a matsayin aro. A watan Janairun 2025, Khumbeni ya koma Gillingham na League Two kan kwangilar dindindin kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4g77v59d6jo</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == 4z4t8u4dbwtgv4knluwk3vzuho25t8w 891654 891652 2026-08-05T10:37:57Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 891654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nelson Khumbeni''' Nelson Wilfred Khumbeni (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2002) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Malawi wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar EFL League Two Gillingham.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4g77v59d6jo</ref> Khumbeni ya fara buga wa Bolton wasa a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2022 a wasan da suka doke Salford City da ci 5-1 a gasar cin kofin EFL, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 83 a madadin MJ Williams. A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2023, ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya ta shekaru biyu tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara bayan ya jagoranci ƙungiyar B a kakar wasa ta bana. A watan Oktoba na 2023, Khumbeni ya koma ƙungiyar National League AFC Fylde a kan yarjejeniyar aro na kwanaki 28.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62387996#tab-Line-ups</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2024, Khumbeni ya koma kulob din EFL League Two Morecambe a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, Bolton ta tabbatar da cewa sun kunna zaɓin tsawaita kwangilarsa da ƙungiyar. A ranar 16 ga Agusta 2024, Khumbemi ya koma wata ƙungiyar League Two, Accrington Stanley, a matsayin aro. A watan Janairun 2025, Khumbeni ya koma Gillingham na League Two kan kwangilar dindindin kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c4g77v59d6jo</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Khumbeni a Malawi, kuma ya koma Ingila tun yana ƙarami. == Manazarta == g5t7zi2i97u2snbs9bsbaqna7y7ujmp Boli Bolingoli 0 162783 891655 2026-08-05T10:41:32Z Abdurra'uf 23412 sabon muqala 891655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan baya na hagu. dbva8ub9pb0z228fvy2tosrr7jcuo1h Francine Zouga 0 162784 891660 2026-08-05T11:29:44Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341225461|Francine Zouga]]" 891660 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Francine Estelle Zouga Edoa''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta [[Kamaru]] wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] . A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2012, ta wakilci Kamaru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francine Zouga Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418050417/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=29 May 2017 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|francine-zouga/253459}} * {{FIFA player|265905}} * {{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html|title=Francine Zouga}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] nmp35fe1vwaaasq0vjzcmf14g09vavn Fatima Sekouane 0 162785 891661 2026-08-05T11:31:43Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337197145|Fatima Sekouane]]" 891661 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Fatima Sekouane''' (Arabic, an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1983) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. == Ayyukan kulob din == An kafa Sekouane a cikin AS Intissar Oran, ta taka leda ne ga Intissar da Afak Relizane a Aljeriya. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sekouane memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Aljeriya . Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar a Gasar Mata ta Afirka ta 2006, a Gasar mata ta Afirka ta 2010, a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Afirka ta 2014 a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar da kuma Gasar Cin kofin Mata ta Afrika ta 2018 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya/Algeria: Starlets On the Verge of Making History After Holding Algeria |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201604140112.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430183539/http://allafrica.com/stories/201604140112.html |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=24 April 2017 |publisher=All Africa}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * CAF player profilea cikinWayback Machine (an adana shi a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2015) * Fatima Sekouanea kanFacebook * Fatima Sekouanea Kooora.com (a cikin Larabci) (an adana shi) a Turanci a Goalzz.com) {{Navboxes|title=Algeria squads|bg=white|fg=#006633|bordercolor=#006633|list1={{Algeria squad 2006 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] nl297jqtyvkiswdvghnrt39bxy9vxfx