Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2399 891975 695136 2026-08-06T10:08:34Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} {{Automatic taxobox | family color = animalia | image = Animal diversity.png | fossil range = | authority = [[Lineo|Linnaeus]], [[1758]] | display children = 3 collapse }} [[Fayil:Asian elephant walking in Tad Lo river at golden hour, Bolaven Plateau, Laos.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Camels in Dana Reserve 02.jpg|thumb|Camels]] [[Fayil:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|Shanu]] [[Fayil:Rattus norvegicus - Brown rat 03.jpg|thumb|Bera]] [[Fayil:Animal diversity.jpg|thumb|Dabba]] '''Dabbobi,sun''' kasu kashi [[Biu|biyu]] ne, akwai na [[gida]]<ref>Dabbobin gida https://trtafrika.com/ha/news/dabbobin-gida {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724143801/https://trtafrika.com/ha/news/dabbobin-gida |date=2024-07-24 }}</ref> akwai kuma na [[daji]], na [[gida]] su ne kamar haka: [[Kaza]], [[Kulya]], [[Akuya]], [[kare]], [[zomo]], [[Shanu]], [[Doki]], [[Talo-talo|Talotalo]], [[Zabo]], Baru, Mage, da dai sauransu. Na daji kuma su ne waɗanda ba'a ajesu a gida saboda hatsarin da suke da shi su ne kamar: [[Zaki]], [[Kura]], [[damisa]], [[Maciji]], [[Kerkeci]], [[Kunama]] da dai sauransu. == Tarihi == == Nau'in dabbobi == === Dabban kasa === dila == Jinsi == == Dabbobin daji == == Dabbobin gida == == Haihuwa == == AlaƘa == == Sabo == == Jerin dabbobi == == Hotona == {|+ <div class="thumb tright"> <div style="width:300px;"> [[File:Animalia diversity.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Manumanu]] {| |valign="top"|[[File:Common snail.jpg|90px|Bulhorn]] |valign="top"|[[File:Nerr0328.jpg|90px|Pryvenn goes (Glycera)]] |valign="top"|[[File:Nerr0878.jpg|90px|Pympbysyes]] |- |[[File:Nephila inaurata dsc07682.jpg|70px|Gwiader]] |[[File:Grey Nurse Shark at Fish Rock Cave, NSW.jpg|120px|]] |[[File:Taenia saginataD.JPG|80px|Pryvenn blatt (Taenia saginata)]] |- |valign="bottom"|[[File:Ascaris lumbricoides.jpeg|90px|Nematoda]] |valign="bottom"|[[File:Anemone.bristol.750pix.jpg|90px|Anthozoa (anemone an mor)]] |valign="bottom"|[[File:Woda-1 ubt.jpeg|90px|Spong]] |} [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|thumb|220px|Jaguarete]] [[File:Mocassin tete cuivree 06.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Maciji]]]] [[File:Zafira Al Saida 0001.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Doki]]]] *[[Jaki]] *[[Sauro]] *[[Hawainiya]] *[[Biri]] *[[Zaki]] *[[Kare]] *[[Raƙumi]] *[[Kifi]] *[[Kyanwa]] *[[Giwa]] *[[Shaho]] *[[Agwagwa]] *[[Dabbar rendiya]] *[[Saniya]] *[[Kyankyaso]] *[[Kaza]] *[[Tsuntsu]] *[[Ƙudan zuma|Kudan zuma]] *[[Dabbar beya]] *[[Kwado]] *[[Malam buɗe littafi|Malan bude ido]] *[[Yanyawa]] *[[Doki]] *[[Aladu|Alade]] == Mahadan Wiki == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia Commons] == Hoto == <gallery> File:Khaoyai 06.jpg|Giwaye akan titi a cikin Zoo File:Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in the drift ice region north of Svalbard.jpg|Biye File:Penguin in Antarctica jumping out of the water.jpg|Tsun tsun ruwa mai suna penju File:A butterfly feeding on the tears of a turtle in Ecuador.jpg File:Eichhörnchen Düsseldorf Hofgarten edit.jpg|Kurege File:Hoverflies mating midair.jpg|kudan daji </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Category:Dabba|*]] lsmwlaaedwb9j5qeembkbgxvcm7m2d9 0 2747 891797 500069 2026-08-05T22:33:43Z Baffa ali 47435 891797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Logo_Simpsonovi.svg |thumb| Tambari]] [[Fayil:Flag of Camp Bart from The Simpsons, S4 E1.png|thumb|''The Simpsons'']] '''''The Simpsons''''' tashar talabijin din yara ce a Amurka. Matt Groening ne ya ƙirƙire ta wadda ake watsawa a tashar talabijin ta ''Fox Broadcasting Company''.<ref>Ortved, John (October 12, 2010). ''The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History''. Faber & Faber. p. 287. ISBN <bdi>978-0-86547-939-5</bdi>. Archived from the original on April 6, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.</ref> asalin har shen shine turanci . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Amurka]] flhri74v9gcfm48fsvbyy202m2nopdl 0 2887 891905 735480 2026-08-06T06:43:16Z BnaiBrithChai 24010 /* Y-takardar */ 891905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esperanto''' - ''"lingvo internacia"'' * [http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:Jubilea_simbolo.svg Jubilea simbolo] <!-- {{ infobox language | name = Esperanto | image = [[Fáìlì:Flag of Esperanto.svg|120px|border]] | caption = Flag of Esperanto | creator = [[L.L.Zamenhof]] | date = 1887 | setting = [[International auxiliary language]] | speakers = [[Native Esperanto speakers|Native]]: 200 to 1000 (1996, est.); (# fluent: unknown) | fam2 = [[International auxiliary language]] | posteriori = Vocabulary from [[Romance languages|Romance]] and [[Germanic languages]]; phonology from [[Slavic languages]] | agency = [[Akademio de Esperanto]] | iso1 = eo | iso2 = epo | iso3 = epo}} while template infobox language doesn't exist here I replace it with its result as follows. AL 08/10/2010 --> <div align=right> {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;" | |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: white; background-color: black;" | Esperanto |- ! style="vertical-align: middle;" | Flag of Esperanto ! colspan="2" | [[File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|120px|border]] |- ! Created by || [[:eo:L. L. Zamenhof|L. L. Zamenhof]] |- ! Date founded ||colspan="2" | 1887 |- ! Setting and usage | colspan="2"| [[:en:International auxiliary language|International auxiliary language]] |- ! Total speakers ||colspan="2" |[[:en:Native_Esperanto_speakers|Native]]: 200 to 1000 (1996, est.) |- ! Category (purpose) || colspan="2" style="text-align: left; line-height: 100%;" | [[:en:Constructed_language|constructed language]] * [[:en:International_auxiliary_language|International auxiliary language]] * Esperanto |- ! Category (sources) || colspan="2" | Vocabulary from [[:en:Romance_languages|Romance]] and [[:en:Germanic_languages|Germanic languages]]; phonology from [[:en:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] |- ! [[:en:List_of_language_regulators|Regulated by]] || colspan="2"| [[:eo:Akademio_de_Esperanto|Akademio de Esperanto]] |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: white; background-color: black;"| Language codes |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-1|ISO 639-1]] || colspan="2" | <tt>eo</tt> |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-2|ISO 639-2]] || colspan="2"| <tt>epo</tt> |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-3|ISO 639-3]] ||colspan="2" | <tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=epo epo]</tt> |- ! [[:en:Linguasphere|Linguasphere]] || colspan="2"| |- ! colspan="3" class="boilerplate metadata" style="line-height: 10pt; padding: 0.5em;"| <small>'''Note''': This page may contain [[:en:Help:IPA|IPA]] phonetic symbols in [[:en:Unicode|Unicode]].</small></td> |}</div> == Sunayen karatuttukan Fasfutan Esperanto == Akasin hankali masu daban a cikin amfani. Daya daga cikin su ya sanya haruffan sirkumfleksa da digraphs na ''h''. Akwai damuwa na grafiki kamar hanyoyi masu fito-kashi mai sirkumfleksa tare da carets. === H-takardar === Idan an gano a kan teburajin babu mai iya koma rubutu da lambobbin karatun (^) da (˘), za a iya sa lambobbin rubutu (^) da lambobbin na "h" da lambobbin (˘) duk da haka ba ya yi amfani. Amma a mafita na wannan karatun, to zai iya yi alama: "ch=ĉ; gh=ĝ; hh=ĥ; jh=ĵ; sh=ŝ". Idan mutane suke buɗe rubutun masu bayarwa (,), za su iya yi amfani, domin al'amura ba su sa su suƙe da waje (,). An yi amfani da lambobbin (,) zai iya sa suƙe (') ko (-). Misali: sign,et,o = sign'et'o = sig-net-o.}}</ref> Sunayen karaɗin asalin kuma dukan abubuwa da digraphs ta ɓangare da mutum da aka ɓangaraka, wato [[L.&nbsp;L. Zamenhof]]. Ya ba muɗewa ya ce ya yi amfani da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|u}} a cikin tsohon {{lang|eo|ŭ}}, da kuma [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|h}} ga lambobbin saukin sirkumfleksa. Misali, {{lang|eo|ŝ}} ya sauya da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|sh}}, kamar yadda a {{lang|eo-hsistemo|shanco}} don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}} (chance). Inda suke tsohon abubuwan an bayar da {{lang|eo|sh}}, suna buƙatar taƙaitaccen kwarewa ko da ɗakin hyphen, kamar su {{lang|eo|ses-hora}} (shida-kuɗi) ko {{lang|eo|flug'haveno}} (bandar fashewa).<ref name=ILERA>Lenio Marobin, PY3DF (2008) [http://ilerabulteno.googlepages.com/bulteno70.pdf 'Morsa kodo kaj Esperanto &ndash; rekolekto de artikoloj iam aperintaj']{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ILERA Bulteno n-o 70, p-o 04.</ref> [[Fayil:Havana's International Book Fair Esperanto stand 2018.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Ƙin kuma, tsarin [[ASCII]] na asalinsu da ake rubuta rubutu baya ya shigo da kyamar kyamar lokaci yana da amfani a rubutu masu saukar h-digraphs, saboda abubuwan da suka hada da rubutu {{lang|eo|ĉ}} za su yi ta adireshin cikin dukan rubutu ta {{lang|eo|c}} da kuma ƙofa ta adireshin cikin dukan rubutu ta {{lang|eo|d}}. Rubutun {{lang|eo|ĉu}} za su yi ta bayar da {{lang|eo|ci}}, amma za a iya saurara a cikin h-takardar, {{lang|eo-hsistemo|chu}} za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|ci}}. === X-takardar === Tsarin mai nauyi na bude ta kuma rubutu a Fasfutan Esperanto tare da sunan "x-takardar", wato ya sa amfani da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|x}} daga sunan {{lang|eo-hsistemo|h}} a rubutu masu saukar h-digraphs, kuma {{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}} don {{lang|eo|ŭ}}. Misali, {{lang|eo|ŝ}} ta bamu da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sx}}, kamar yadda aka ba su {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxi}} don {{lang|eo|ŝi}} da kuma {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxanco}} don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}}. X-digraphs suna buƙatar taimakawa a cikin h-takardar: # ''x'' bai ƙunshi haruffa a haruffa na asalin Fasfutan Esperanto, domin amfani da shi ba zai yi damuwa ba. # Rubutun digraphs yana buɗe ɗaya ɗaya yayin rubutun abuɗayi masu bayarwa; misali, {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxanco}} (don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}}) za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo|super}}, haruffa ta h-takardar {{lang|eo-hsistemo|shanco}} za ta zaɓa a baya da ita. Bayani ya yawaita a cikin abuɗayi masu haɗa ko abuɗayi masu zauna da 'z' a cikin harsunan ko rubutun da ba a yi nasara da suna sakamako ba ; misali, harsunan da ba suka haɗa da rubutu {{lang|eo|reuzi}} ("sake haɗa") za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|reuxmatismo}} (don {{lang|eo|reŭmatismo}} "rheumatism"). X-takardar ya samu lokacin kuma h-takardar, amma yana da turo da ba zai fahimta yanzu a kan [[Fundamento de Esperanto]]. Haka kuma, a cikin gasarwa 2007, [[Akademio de Esperanto]] ta bayyana karshe don amfani da tsarin yau da kullum ta rubutu lambobbin Fasfutan Esperanto, a cikin wurin cewa wannan zai yi amfani ba "gare kuɗin da mutane ba su iya amfani da lambobbin kasashen a yi, kuma a wurin da lambar suna taimakawa na h-takardar da ya bayyana a Fundamento bai ɗauko da shi ko kuma ba da damuwa ba."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://akademio-de-esperanto.org/oficialaj_informoj/oficialaj_informoj_6_2007.html|title=Akademio de Esperanto: Oficialaj Informoj 6 - 2007 01 21|work=akademio-de-esperanto.org|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329160340/http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/oficialaj_informoj/oficialaj_informoj_6_2007.html|archive-date=29 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan babu sabon aini ko da irin alama ko da asali masu saukar tsarin Unicode ga mutumin da ya bayyana. Wani matsalar abuɗayi mai haɗa na substituti na x-takardar yana da ƙarfi a rubutu da rubutu biyar, da ya kuma tsere da rubutun kamar {{lang|eo-xsistemo|Ux}} don {{lang|eo|ŭ}} ya bamu da damuwa ne idan aka amfani da rubutun Faransa, saboda wani abuɗayi masu haɗa na Faransa, domin an kirkira rubutu da za suka tafi a waje {{lang|fr|aux}} ko {{lang|fr|eux}}. 'Aux,' misali, wata abuɗayi a dukan harsunan ({{lang|eo|aŭ}} a Fasfutan Esperanto). Kowace kula da za a sake amfani da sakamako na rubutu zai ƙirƙira rubutu da za suka tafi a waje da Fasfutan Esperanto. Watau abuɗayin Turanci kamar "auxiliary" da "Euxine" za suka kula duka game da hanyoyin yanzu. Wani tsarin da mutane kusan suka koyi, kamar yadda aka yi a bayyane na [[Wikipedia]] na rubutu [[MediaWiki]] daga gasar 2002, wani don [[Brion Vibber]], shi ne ya amfani da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|xx}} don haifar da sakamako na {{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}} zuwa {{lang|eo|ŭ}} sakamako, misali "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|auxx}}" zai yi "aux".<ref>[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2012-12-31/Interview]]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.transparent.com/esperanto/unicoding-the-esperanto-wikipedia/ |title=Unicoding the Esperanto Wikipedia (Part 3 of 4) |work=Esperanto Language Blog |author=Chuck Smith |access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref> Wani mutum kusan ya yi bayanin amfani da "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|vx}}" a matsayin amfani da "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}}" don {{lang|eo|ŭ}} don kawo la'akari wannan matsalar, to amma wannan tsauni na tsarin ba da damuwa ne. === Y-takardar === :sunayi = Y-takardar :noma = Alphabat :wani_kanawa = Y-takardar, ipsilono-kodo, la ipsilonokodo :ipa-note = babu :Ĉ = Cy :Ĝ = Gy :Ĥ = X :Ĵ = Jy :Ŝ = Sy :Ŭ = W Misali: eĥoŝanĝoj ĉiuĵaŭde ("echo-change every Thursday") zai iya yi "exosyangyo cyiujyawde". '''Sarari na asali''': Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco. [[Fayil:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Ĉiuj rajtoj kaj liberecoj difinitaj en tiu ĉi Deklaracio validas same por ĉiuj homoj, sen kia ajn diferencigo, ĉu laŭ raso, haŭtkoloro, sekso, lingvo, religio, politika aŭ alia opinio, nacia aŭ socia deveno, posedaĵoj, naskiĝo aŭ alia stato. Plie, nenia diferencigo estu farata surbaze de la politika, jurisdikcia aŭ internacia pozicio de la lando aŭ teritorio, al kiu apartenas la koncerna persono, senkonsidere ĉu ĝi estas sendependa, sub kuratoreco, ne-sinreganta aŭ sub kia ajn alia limigo de la suvereneco. '''Y-sistemo''': Cyiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj law digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco. [[Fayil:Kurso de esperanto en Capannori.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Cyiuj rajtoj kaj liberecoj difinitaj en tiu cyi Deklaracio validas same por cyiuj homoj, sen kia ajn diferencigo, cyu law raso, hawtkoloro, sekso, lingvo, religio, politika aw alia opinio, nacia aw socia deveno, posedajyoj, naskigyo aw alia stato. Plie, nenia diferencigo estu farata surbaze de la politika, jurisdikcia aw internacia pozicio de la lando aw teritorio, al kiu apartenas la koncerna persono, senkonsidere cyu gyi estas sendependa, sub kuratoreco, ne-sinreganta aw sub kia ajn alia limigo de la suvereneco. == Anazarci == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php - ''Esperanto, a, b, c''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703052343/http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=2010-07-03 }} * [http://www.kursosaluton.org - ''Kurso Saluton! Audiovisual koyo yanayin''] * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alfabeto_de_Esperanto.png - ''Alfabeto de Esperanto''] * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=eo ''Wikipedia''] * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php ''Bildvortaro''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128111830/http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=2012-01-28 }} * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/kursojcourscourses.htm '''esperanto-afriko'''.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111055625/http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=2011-01-11 }} * [http://esperanto.net/ esperanto.net ''Esperanto 62 lingvoj''] * [http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html Esperanto.net , ''(angle)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712142637/http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html |date=2016-07-12 }} * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/ - ''ĉinia radio internacia - esperanta retpaĝo'' ] * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/Radikoj-685 "uea-radikoj-685"] * ([http://www.reta-vortaro.de/revo/ - ''reta-vortaro.de'']) * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html "Esperanto"; ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] * [http://www.satesperanto.org/Plena-Ilustrita-Vortaro-Eldono.html ( ''Esperanto''), ''PIV Plena Ilustrita Vortaro Eldono 2005''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916162231/http://www.satesperanto.org/Plena-Ilustrita-Vortaro-Eldono.html |date=2008-09-16 }} * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Media:African_language_families_eo.svg (Afrika fulfulde)] * [http://esperanto-edmonton.wdfiles.com/local--files/download:u-e-metodo/UEM_001-020.pdf - Benson-Esperanto-Edmonton] [[Category:Harsuna]] kj01do0c1eo1abj2rry6apmqmu9zkl2 891918 891905 2026-08-06T07:21:15Z BnaiBrithChai 24010 /* Y-takardar */ 891918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Esperanto''' - ''"lingvo internacia"'' * [http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:Jubilea_simbolo.svg Jubilea simbolo] <!-- {{ infobox language | name = Esperanto | image = [[Fáìlì:Flag of Esperanto.svg|120px|border]] | caption = Flag of Esperanto | creator = [[L.L.Zamenhof]] | date = 1887 | setting = [[International auxiliary language]] | speakers = [[Native Esperanto speakers|Native]]: 200 to 1000 (1996, est.); (# fluent: unknown) | fam2 = [[International auxiliary language]] | posteriori = Vocabulary from [[Romance languages|Romance]] and [[Germanic languages]]; phonology from [[Slavic languages]] | agency = [[Akademio de Esperanto]] | iso1 = eo | iso2 = epo | iso3 = epo}} while template infobox language doesn't exist here I replace it with its result as follows. AL 08/10/2010 --> <div align=right> {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;" | |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; color: white; background-color: black;" | Esperanto |- ! style="vertical-align: middle;" | Flag of Esperanto ! colspan="2" | [[File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|120px|border]] |- ! Created by || [[:eo:L. L. Zamenhof|L. L. Zamenhof]] |- ! Date founded ||colspan="2" | 1887 |- ! Setting and usage | colspan="2"| [[:en:International auxiliary language|International auxiliary language]] |- ! Total speakers ||colspan="2" |[[:en:Native_Esperanto_speakers|Native]]: 200 to 1000 (1996, est.) |- ! Category (purpose) || colspan="2" style="text-align: left; line-height: 100%;" | [[:en:Constructed_language|constructed language]] * [[:en:International_auxiliary_language|International auxiliary language]] * Esperanto |- ! Category (sources) || colspan="2" | Vocabulary from [[:en:Romance_languages|Romance]] and [[:en:Germanic_languages|Germanic languages]]; phonology from [[:en:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] |- ! [[:en:List_of_language_regulators|Regulated by]] || colspan="2"| [[:eo:Akademio_de_Esperanto|Akademio de Esperanto]] |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: white; background-color: black;"| Language codes |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-1|ISO 639-1]] || colspan="2" | <tt>eo</tt> |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-2|ISO 639-2]] || colspan="2"| <tt>epo</tt> |- ! [[:en:ISO_639-3|ISO 639-3]] ||colspan="2" | <tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=epo epo]</tt> |- ! [[:en:Linguasphere|Linguasphere]] || colspan="2"| |- ! colspan="3" class="boilerplate metadata" style="line-height: 10pt; padding: 0.5em;"| <small>'''Note''': This page may contain [[:en:Help:IPA|IPA]] phonetic symbols in [[:en:Unicode|Unicode]].</small></td> |}</div> == Sunayen karatuttukan Fasfutan Esperanto == Akasin hankali masu daban a cikin amfani. Daya daga cikin su ya sanya haruffan sirkumfleksa da digraphs na ''h''. Akwai damuwa na grafiki kamar hanyoyi masu fito-kashi mai sirkumfleksa tare da carets. === H-takardar === Idan an gano a kan teburajin babu mai iya koma rubutu da lambobbin karatun (^) da (˘), za a iya sa lambobbin rubutu (^) da lambobbin na "h" da lambobbin (˘) duk da haka ba ya yi amfani. Amma a mafita na wannan karatun, to zai iya yi alama: "ch=ĉ; gh=ĝ; hh=ĥ; jh=ĵ; sh=ŝ". Idan mutane suke buɗe rubutun masu bayarwa (,), za su iya yi amfani, domin al'amura ba su sa su suƙe da waje (,). An yi amfani da lambobbin (,) zai iya sa suƙe (') ko (-). Misali: sign,et,o = sign'et'o = sig-net-o.}}</ref> Sunayen karaɗin asalin kuma dukan abubuwa da digraphs ta ɓangare da mutum da aka ɓangaraka, wato [[L.&nbsp;L. Zamenhof]]. Ya ba muɗewa ya ce ya yi amfani da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|u}} a cikin tsohon {{lang|eo|ŭ}}, da kuma [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|h}} ga lambobbin saukin sirkumfleksa. Misali, {{lang|eo|ŝ}} ya sauya da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|sh}}, kamar yadda a {{lang|eo-hsistemo|shanco}} don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}} (chance). Inda suke tsohon abubuwan an bayar da {{lang|eo|sh}}, suna buƙatar taƙaitaccen kwarewa ko da ɗakin hyphen, kamar su {{lang|eo|ses-hora}} (shida-kuɗi) ko {{lang|eo|flug'haveno}} (bandar fashewa).<ref name=ILERA>Lenio Marobin, PY3DF (2008) [http://ilerabulteno.googlepages.com/bulteno70.pdf 'Morsa kodo kaj Esperanto &ndash; rekolekto de artikoloj iam aperintaj']{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ILERA Bulteno n-o 70, p-o 04.</ref> [[Fayil:Havana's International Book Fair Esperanto stand 2018.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Ƙin kuma, tsarin [[ASCII]] na asalinsu da ake rubuta rubutu baya ya shigo da kyamar kyamar lokaci yana da amfani a rubutu masu saukar h-digraphs, saboda abubuwan da suka hada da rubutu {{lang|eo|ĉ}} za su yi ta adireshin cikin dukan rubutu ta {{lang|eo|c}} da kuma ƙofa ta adireshin cikin dukan rubutu ta {{lang|eo|d}}. Rubutun {{lang|eo|ĉu}} za su yi ta bayar da {{lang|eo|ci}}, amma za a iya saurara a cikin h-takardar, {{lang|eo-hsistemo|chu}} za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo-hsistemo|ci}}. === X-takardar === Tsarin mai nauyi na bude ta kuma rubutu a Fasfutan Esperanto tare da sunan "x-takardar", wato ya sa amfani da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|x}} daga sunan {{lang|eo-hsistemo|h}} a rubutu masu saukar h-digraphs, kuma {{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}} don {{lang|eo|ŭ}}. Misali, {{lang|eo|ŝ}} ta bamu da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sx}}, kamar yadda aka ba su {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxi}} don {{lang|eo|ŝi}} da kuma {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxanco}} don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}}. X-digraphs suna buƙatar taimakawa a cikin h-takardar: # ''x'' bai ƙunshi haruffa a haruffa na asalin Fasfutan Esperanto, domin amfani da shi ba zai yi damuwa ba. # Rubutun digraphs yana buɗe ɗaya ɗaya yayin rubutun abuɗayi masu bayarwa; misali, {{lang|eo-xsistemo|sxanco}} (don {{lang|eo|ŝanco}}) za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo|super}}, haruffa ta h-takardar {{lang|eo-hsistemo|shanco}} za ta zaɓa a baya da ita. Bayani ya yawaita a cikin abuɗayi masu haɗa ko abuɗayi masu zauna da 'z' a cikin harsunan ko rubutun da ba a yi nasara da suna sakamako ba ; misali, harsunan da ba suka haɗa da rubutu {{lang|eo|reuzi}} ("sake haɗa") za su zaɓa a baya da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|reuxmatismo}} (don {{lang|eo|reŭmatismo}} "rheumatism"). X-takardar ya samu lokacin kuma h-takardar, amma yana da turo da ba zai fahimta yanzu a kan [[Fundamento de Esperanto]]. Haka kuma, a cikin gasarwa 2007, [[Akademio de Esperanto]] ta bayyana karshe don amfani da tsarin yau da kullum ta rubutu lambobbin Fasfutan Esperanto, a cikin wurin cewa wannan zai yi amfani ba "gare kuɗin da mutane ba su iya amfani da lambobbin kasashen a yi, kuma a wurin da lambar suna taimakawa na h-takardar da ya bayyana a Fundamento bai ɗauko da shi ko kuma ba da damuwa ba."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://akademio-de-esperanto.org/oficialaj_informoj/oficialaj_informoj_6_2007.html|title=Akademio de Esperanto: Oficialaj Informoj 6 - 2007 01 21|work=akademio-de-esperanto.org|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329160340/http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/oficialaj_informoj/oficialaj_informoj_6_2007.html|archive-date=29 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan babu sabon aini ko da irin alama ko da asali masu saukar tsarin Unicode ga mutumin da ya bayyana. Wani matsalar abuɗayi mai haɗa na substituti na x-takardar yana da ƙarfi a rubutu da rubutu biyar, da ya kuma tsere da rubutun kamar {{lang|eo-xsistemo|Ux}} don {{lang|eo|ŭ}} ya bamu da damuwa ne idan aka amfani da rubutun Faransa, saboda wani abuɗayi masu haɗa na Faransa, domin an kirkira rubutu da za suka tafi a waje {{lang|fr|aux}} ko {{lang|fr|eux}}. 'Aux,' misali, wata abuɗayi a dukan harsunan ({{lang|eo|aŭ}} a Fasfutan Esperanto). Kowace kula da za a sake amfani da sakamako na rubutu zai ƙirƙira rubutu da za suka tafi a waje da Fasfutan Esperanto. Watau abuɗayin Turanci kamar "auxiliary" da "Euxine" za suka kula duka game da hanyoyin yanzu. Wani tsarin da mutane kusan suka koyi, kamar yadda aka yi a bayyane na [[Wikipedia]] na rubutu [[MediaWiki]] daga gasar 2002, wani don [[Brion Vibber]], shi ne ya amfani da {{lang|eo-xsistemo|xx}} don haifar da sakamako na {{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}} zuwa {{lang|eo|ŭ}} sakamako, misali "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|auxx}}" zai yi "aux".<ref>[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2012-12-31/Interview]]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.transparent.com/esperanto/unicoding-the-esperanto-wikipedia/ |title=Unicoding the Esperanto Wikipedia (Part 3 of 4) |work=Esperanto Language Blog |author=Chuck Smith |access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref> Wani mutum kusan ya yi bayanin amfani da "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|vx}}" a matsayin amfani da "{{lang|eo-xsistemo|ux}}" don {{lang|eo|ŭ}} don kawo la'akari wannan matsalar, to amma wannan tsauni na tsarin ba da damuwa ne. === Y-takardar === :sunayi = Y-takardar :noma = Alphabat :wani_kanawa = Y-takardar, ipsilono-kodo, la ipsilonokodo :ipa-note = babu :Ĉ = Cy :Ĝ = Gy :Ĥ = X :Ĵ = Jy :Ŝ = Sy :Ŭ = W Misali: eĥoŝanĝo ĉiuĵaŭde ("echo-change every Thursday") zai iya yi "exosyangyo cyiujyawde". '''Sarari na asali''': Ĉiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj laŭ digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco. [[Fayil:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Ĉiuj rajtoj kaj liberecoj difinitaj en tiu ĉi Deklaracio validas same por ĉiuj homoj, sen kia ajn diferencigo, ĉu laŭ raso, haŭtkoloro, sekso, lingvo, religio, politika aŭ alia opinio, nacia aŭ socia deveno, posedaĵoj, naskiĝo aŭ alia stato. Plie, nenia diferencigo estu farata surbaze de la politika, jurisdikcia aŭ internacia pozicio de la lando aŭ teritorio, al kiu apartenas la koncerna persono, senkonsidere ĉu ĝi estas sendependa, sub kuratoreco, ne-sinreganta aŭ sub kia ajn alia limigo de la suvereneco. '''Y-sistemo''': Cyiuj homoj estas denaske liberaj kaj egalaj law digno kaj rajtoj. Ili posedas racion kaj konsciencon, kaj devus konduti unu al alia en spirito de frateco. [[Fayil:Kurso de esperanto en Capannori.jpg|thumb|Esperanto]] Cyiuj rajtoj kaj liberecoj difinitaj en tiu cyi Deklaracio validas same por cyiuj homoj, sen kia ajn diferencigo, cyu law raso, hawtkoloro, sekso, lingvo, religio, politika aw alia opinio, nacia aw socia deveno, posedajyoj, naskigyo aw alia stato. Plie, nenia diferencigo estu farata surbaze de la politika, jurisdikcia aw internacia pozicio de la lando aw teritorio, al kiu apartenas la koncerna persono, senkonsidere cyu gyi estas sendependa, sub kuratoreco, ne-sinreganta aw sub kia ajn alia limigo de la suvereneco. == Anazarci == * [http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php - ''Esperanto, a, b, c''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703052343/http://eo.lernu.net/kursoj/babili/1/alfabetoa.php |date=2010-07-03 }} * [http://www.kursosaluton.org - ''Kurso Saluton! Audiovisual koyo yanayin''] * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alfabeto_de_Esperanto.png - ''Alfabeto de Esperanto''] * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto?uselang=eo ''Wikipedia''] * [http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php ''Bildvortaro''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128111830/http://eo.lernu.net/lernado/vortoj/bildvortaro/8.php |date=2012-01-28 }} * [http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/kursojcourscourses.htm '''esperanto-afriko'''.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111055625/http://www.esperanto-afriko.org/kursojcourscourses.htm |date=2011-01-11 }} * [http://esperanto.net/ esperanto.net ''Esperanto 62 lingvoj''] * [http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html Esperanto.net , ''(angle)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712142637/http://www.esperanto.net/veb/faq-5.html |date=2016-07-12 }} * [http://esperanto.cri.cn/ - ''ĉinia radio internacia - esperanta retpaĝo'' ] * [http://www.uea.org/vikio/Radikoj-685 "uea-radikoj-685"] * ([http://www.reta-vortaro.de/revo/ - ''reta-vortaro.de'']) * [http://www.akademio-de-esperanto.org/fundamento/index.html "Esperanto"; ''FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro''] * [http://www.satesperanto.org/Plena-Ilustrita-Vortaro-Eldono.html ( ''Esperanto''), ''PIV Plena Ilustrita Vortaro Eldono 2005''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916162231/http://www.satesperanto.org/Plena-Ilustrita-Vortaro-Eldono.html |date=2008-09-16 }} * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Media:African_language_families_eo.svg (Afrika fulfulde)] * [http://esperanto-edmonton.wdfiles.com/local--files/download:u-e-metodo/UEM_001-020.pdf - Benson-Esperanto-Edmonton] [[Category:Harsuna]] a5a37584e6cvlgjljqaau7c9m00u0w2 0 3489 891795 482602 2026-08-05T22:29:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Saratov''' birni ne mafi girma kuma cibiyar gudanarwa na yankin Saratov, Rasha, kuma birnin ne, babbar tashar jiragen ruwa a kan kogin Volga. Dangane da alkaluman ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2021, birnin Saratov na da yawan jama'a dubu 901,361, wanda ya mai da ita birni na 17 mafi girma a [[Rasha]] ta fannin yawan jama'a. Fadin ta 838,042 . ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2).jpg| Знак дружбы народов в парке Победы (Саратов) File:Saratov_trolleybus.jpg|Bas mai zirga-zirga a birnin File:%D0%90%D0%93%D0%97%D0%A1_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg|Wani gidan Mai a birnin File:%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_(%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2).jpg|Filin jirgin Sama na Tsentralny, Saratov File:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B_9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpg|Dakin wasan kwaikwayo, Saratov File:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB.jpg|Layin dogo, Saratov File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2.JPG|Wata Majami'a, Saratov File:Saratov_museum.jpg|Gidan adana kayan Tarihi, Saratov </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saratov}} [[Category:Biranen Rasha]] rf42r2is3idx0fnhfzhlxlptfuzwijo 0 3676 891989 583588 2026-08-06T10:16:20Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sand dunes in the desert, Sahara Desert, Dakhla Oasis, Egypt.jpg|thumb|wata Sahara ko kuma hamada a kasar Egypt]] [[File:White Desert, Palm in desert landscape, Egypt.jpg|thumb|farin Sahara/hamada]] '''Hamada''' ko '''Sahara''' yanki ne na fili wanda ba a samun hazo sosai, kuma sakamakon haka, yanayin rayuwa ya kasance abin kyama ga tsirrai da na dabbobi. Rashin ciyayi yana fallasa yanayin da ba a kiyaye shi ba a cikin tsarin karar. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na farfajiyar kasa ta bushe ko rabin-kasa.<ref>Harper, Douglas (2012). "Desert". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-05-12</ref> [[File:Soil ereption.jpg|thumb]] == Samuwa == [[Fayil:HamadaMapCurrent.png|thumb]] Ana samar da hamada ta hanyar aukuwar lalacewa yayin da manyan canje -canje a yanayin zafi tsakanin dare da rana ke sanya damuwa a kan duwatsu, wanda a sakamakon haka ya fashe. Ko da yake ba kasafai ake samun ruwan sama a cikin jeji ba, amma ana samun ruwan sama na lokaci -lokaci wanda zai iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref>Desert". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 2013-05-12</ref> Ruwan sama a kan duwatsu masu zafi na iya sa su farfashe, sakamakon gutsuttsuran da barna da aka yaɗa a kan hamadar iska na kara lalata su. Wannan yana ɗaukar barbashi na yashi da kura, wadanda za su iya kasancewa cikin iska na dogon lokaci – wani lokacin yana haifar da samuwar guguwar yashi ko guguwar kura. Gurasar yashi mai iska da ke bugun duk wani abu mai karfi a tafarkin su na iya rage farfajiyar Kalamar daji a Turane wato hamada da kuma ta Romance cognates (ciki har da Italian da Portuguese deserto, Faransa hamada da kuma Spanish desierto) duk zo daga ecclesiastical Latin dēsertum (asali "wani watsi da wuri"), a participle na dēserere, "to bari". Hadin kai tsakanin rashin karfi da yawan jama'a yana da rikitarwa kuma mai karfi, ya bambanta da al'ada, zamanin, da fasaha; don haka amfani da kalmar hamada na iya haifar da rudani.<ref>Desert Island". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 2013-05-12</ref> A cikin Ingilishi kafin karni na 20, galibi ana amfani da hamada a cikin ma'anar "yanki mara yawan jama'a", ba tare da takamaiman magana game da rashin karfi ba;  amma a yau kalmar galibi ana amfani da ita a mahangar ilimin yanayi-yanki (yanki na karancin hazo). Kalmomi kamar "tsibirin hamada" da "Babban Hamada ta Amurka", ko kuma "hamada na Shakespeare na Bohemia " (The Winter's Tale) a cikin karni da suka gabata ba lallai bane ya nuna yashi ko kura; abinda suka fi mayar da hankali shi ne yawan jama'a.<ref>Meinig, Donald W. (1993). The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History, Volume 2: Continental America, 1800–1867. Yale University Press. p. 76. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-300-05658-7</nowiki>.</ref> [[File:A Wide Dry Desert Wash at Red Rock Canyon NCA.webm|thumb|kalan ciyayi da suke fitowa a sahara]] == Kalubale == '''Hamada''' dai na zaman wani babban kalubale dake tunkarar kasar hausa a wannan zamanin, ganin Yadda ake cigaba da sare bishiyoyi batare da kokarin dasa wadansu ba, wannan ya kara kawo mana matsalar ruwa a rafuka, koguna da rijiyoyi da dama. Ba anan abun ya tsaya ba hatta amfanin gona wasu da yawa sun tashi daga yankin saboda zaizayar kasa da take kwashe albarkatun kasa, wanda yanzu haka ambaliyar ruwa ma a duk shekara ta kan yi ma garuruwan kasar hausa da yawa barazana saboda cikewar da matattarar ruwaye ta yi a yankin.<ref>a b Marshak (2009). Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 452. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-393-19656-6</nowiki></ref> == A mahangar Ilmin kimiyyar duniya == Hamada yanki ne na kasar da ta bushe sosai saboda tana samun karancin hazo (galibi a cikin ruwan sama, amma yana iya zama dusar kankara, hazo ko hazo), galibi ba ta da karancin daukar hoto ta tsire-tsire, kuma a cikinta rafuffuka ke bushewa, sai dai idan an kawo musu ruwa daga wajen yankin.<ref>Precipitation and evapotranspiration" (PDF). Routledge. Retrieved 19 October 2017.</ref> Gabadaya hamada suna karbar kasa da (250)millimetres (10 in) na hazo a kowace shekara. Mai yuwuwar watsa ruwa na iya zama babba amma (idan babu ruwan da ake samu) ainihin kakkarfan iskar na iya zama kusan sifili. Semi-hamada sune yankuna wadanda ke karbar tsakanin 250 and 500 millimetres (10 and 20 in) kuma lokacin da aka lullube cikin ciyawa, wadannan ana kiransu steppes.<ref>a b Smith, Jeremy M. B. "Desert". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2013-09-24.</ref> ==Yawan hamada a duniya da Nahiyoyi== ==Nahiyar Afrika== ==Nahiyar Turai== ==Nahiyar Asia== ==Duniya baki daya== == Manazarta == 02stg9b3mqfrf5w97s3xmih8hh303an 0 3690 892091 874139 2026-08-06T11:37:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892091 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Misalai 1''' shine babi na farko na Littafin Misalai a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Ibrananci ko [[Tsohon Alkawari]] na Littafi Mai-[[Kiristanci|Kirista]]. {{Sfn|Halley|1965}} Littafin tarin littattafan hikima ne da yawa, tare da taken a cikin 1: 1 ana iya nufin ɗaukar Sulemanu a matsayin marubucin gargajiya na dukan littafin, amma kwanakin tarin mutum suna da wuyar tantancewa, kuma littafin mai yiwuwa ya sami siffarsa ta ƙarshe a lokacin bayan gudun hijira.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Wannan babi wani bangare ne na tarin farko na littafin.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} https://karinmaganganuapp.web.app/{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Iabarin rubbutu == === Labari=== Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna rubutun Ibrananci <ref>{{Cite web |title=Proverbs – Chapter 1 |url=https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2801.htm |publisher=Mechon Mamre}}</ref> na Misalai 1 tare da wasula tare da fassarar Turanci bisa ga fassarar JPS 1917 (yanzu a cikin Yankin jama'a).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Proverbs 1 - JPS 1917 |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Proverbs.1?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures:_A_New_Translation_(JPS_1917)&lang=bi |publisher=[[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Verse !Hebrew !English translation (JPS 1917) |- | style="text-align:right" |1 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֑ד מֶ֝֗לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃}}}} |The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; |- | style="text-align:right" |2 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לָדַ֣עַת חׇכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר לְ֝הָבִ֗ין אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃}}}} |To know wisdom and instruction; To comprehend the words of understanding; |- | style="text-align:right" |3 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵשָׁרִֽים׃}}}} |To receive the discipline of wisdom, Justice, and right, and equity; |- | style="text-align:right" |4 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עׇרְמָ֑ה לְ֝נַ֗עַר דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה׃}}}} |To give prudence to the simple, To the young man knowledge and discretion; |- | style="text-align:right" |5 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה׃}}}} |That the wise man may hear, and increase in learning, And the man of understanding may attain unto wise counsels; |- | style="text-align:right" |6 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם׃}}}} |To understand a proverb, and a figure; The words of the wise, and their dark sayings. |- | style="text-align:right" |7 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הֹוָה רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת חׇכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ׃}}}} |The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; But the foolish despise wisdom and discipline. |- | style="text-align:right" |8 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃}}}} |Hear, my son, the instruction of thy father, And forsake not the teaching of thy mother; |- | style="text-align:right" |9 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֤י ׀ לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ׃}}}} |For they shall be a chaplet of grace unto thy head, And chains about thy neck. |- | style="text-align:right" |10 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּנִ֡י אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא׃}}}} |My son, if sinners entice thee, Consent thou not. |- | style="text-align:right" |11 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮ לְכָ֢ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה לְדָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה לְנָקִ֣י חִנָּֽם׃}}}} |If they say: 'Come with us, Let us lie in wait for blood, Let us lurk for the innocent without cause; |- | style="text-align:right" |12 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|נִ֭בְלָעֵם כִּשְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃}}}} |Let us swallow them up alive as the grave, and whole, as those that go down into the pit; |- | style="text-align:right" |13 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כׇּל־ה֣וֹן יָקָ֣ר נִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣ינוּ שָׁלָֽל׃}}}} |We shall find all precious substance, We shall fill our houses with spoil; |- | style="text-align:right" |14 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְכֻלָּֽנוּ׃}}}} |Cast in thy lot among us; Let us all have one purse'— |- | style="text-align:right" |15 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּנִ֗י אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם׃}}}} |My son, walk not thou in the way with them, restrain thy foot from their path; |- | style="text-align:right" |16 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֣י רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם לָרַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ וִ֝ימַהֲר֗וּ לִשְׁפׇּךְ־דָּֽם׃}}}} |For their feet run to evil, and they make haste to shed blood. |- | style="text-align:right" |17 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כִּֽי־חִ֭נָּם מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת בְּ֝עֵינֵ֗י כׇּל־בַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף׃}}}} |For in vain the net is spread in the eyes of any bird; |- | style="text-align:right" |18 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם׃}}}} |And these lie in wait for their own blood, they lurk for their own lives. |- | style="text-align:right" |19 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כֵּ֗ן אׇ֭רְחוֹת כׇּל־בֹּ֣צֵֽעַ בָּ֑צַע אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח׃}}}} |So are the ways of every one that is greedy of gain; it taketh away the life of the owners thereof. |- | style="text-align:right" |20 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|חׇ֭כְמוֹת בַּח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ׃}}}} |Wisdom crieth aloud in the streets, she uttereth her voice in the broad places; |- | style="text-align:right" |21 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר׃}}}} |She calleth at the head of the noisy streets, at the entrances of the gates, in the city, she uttereth her words: |- | style="text-align:right" |22 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ־פֶ֥תִי וְלֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת׃}}}} |'How long, ye thoughtless, will ye love thoughtlessness? And how long will scorners delight them in scorning, And fools hate knowledge? |- | style="text-align:right" |23 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ לְֽת֫וֹכַחְתִּ֥י הִנֵּ֤ה אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם׃}}}} |Turn you at my reproof; behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you. |- | style="text-align:right" |24 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יַ֣עַן קָ֭רָאתִי וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י וְאֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב׃}}}} |Because I have called, and ye refused, I have stretched out my hand, and no man attended, |- | style="text-align:right" |25 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַתִּפְרְע֥וּ כׇל־עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם׃}}}} |But ye have set at nought all my counsel, and would none of my reproof; |- | style="text-align:right" |26 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם׃}}}} |I also, in your calamity, will laugh, I will mock when your dread cometh; |- | style="text-align:right" |27 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּבֹ֤א (כשאוה) [כְשׁוֹאָ֨ה ׀] פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭אֵידְכֶם כְּסוּפָ֣ה יֶאֱתֶ֑ה בְּבֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה׃}}}} |When your dread cometh as a storm, and your calamity cometh on as a whirlwind; When trouble and distress come upon you. |- | style="text-align:right" |28 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי וְלֹ֣א אֶעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי׃}}}} |Then will they call me, but I will not answer, they will seek me earnestly, but they shall not find me. |- | style="text-align:right" |29 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|תַּ֭חַת כִּֽי־שָׂ֣נְאוּ דָ֑עַת וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה לֹ֣א בָחָֽרוּ׃}}}} |For that they hated knowledge, and did not choose the fear of the LORD; |- | style="text-align:right" |30 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לֹא־אָב֥וּ לַעֲצָתִ֑י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כׇּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי׃}}}} |They would none of my counsel, they despised all my reproof. |- | style="text-align:right" |31 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ׃}}}} |Therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices. |- | style="text-align:right" |32 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֤י מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּהַרְגֵ֑ם וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם׃}}}} |For the waywardness of the thoughtless shall slay them, and the confidence of fools shall destroy them. |- | style="text-align:right" |33 | style="text-align:right" |<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />{{Lang|hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְשֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ לִ֭י יִשְׁכׇּן־בֶּ֑טַח וְ֝שַׁאֲנַ֗ן מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה׃}}}} |But whoso hearkeneth unto me shall dwell securely, and shall be quiet without fear of evil.' |} === Shaidu na rubutu === W{{Sup|a}} rubuce-rubucen farko da ke dauke da rubutun wannan babi a Ibrananci na Masoretic Text ne, wanda ya hada da Aleppo Codex (karni na 10), da Codex Leningradensis (1008). {{Sfn|Würthwein|1995}} An samo raguwa da ke dauke da sassa na wannan babi a cikin Ibrananci a cikin Littafin Tekun Gishiri ciki har da 4Q102 (4QProva; 30 KZ - 30 AZ) tare da ayoyi 27-33 da suka wanzu.{{Sfn|Ulrich|2010}}{{Sfn|Fitzmyer|2008}} H'''A''' il^A yau, akwai fa'''S''' zuwa Koine Helenanci da aka ^S da [[Kalmar Septuagint|Septuagint]], wanda aka yi a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe '''B'''; wasu ru^B-rubucen tsohuwar wannan sigar sun haɗa da Codex Vaticanus (B; <nowiki> </nowiki>G <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} <nowiki> </nowiki>B; ƙarni na 4), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: <nowiki> </nowiki>G <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} <nowiki> </nowiki>S; ƙarni na 4), da kuma Codex Alexandrinus (A; <nowiki> </nowiki>G <nowiki> </nowiki>{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}} <nowiki> </nowiki>A; ƙarni na 5). {{Sfn|Würthwein|1995}} == Bincike == Wannan babin yana bude wani bangare da ake daukarsa a matsayin tarin farko a littafin Karin Magana (wanda ya hada da Karin Magana 1–9), wanda ake kira da "Tatsuniyoyi masu koyarwa". '''Littafin Bible na Urushalima''' ya bayyana babi na 1 zuwa 9 a matsayin gabatarwa ga babi na 10 zuwa 22:16, wato abin da ake kira da "gaskiyar karin maganar Sulaimanu", wanda ake dauka a matsayin "jikin littafin". Wannan babin yana da irin wannan tsari: * Gabatarwa (1:1-7) * Ka guji mugun mutane (1:8-19) * Magana ta Farko ta Hikima (1:20-33) == Gabatarwa (1:1-7) == Wannan ɓangaren yana ba da manufar da darajar dukan littafin, musamman tushen koyarwarsa.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Kalmomin manufa guda biyar na tarin karin magana gabaɗaya an jera su a cikin ayoyi 1:2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 6a na ɓangaren buɗewa. === Aya ta 1 === {{Blockquote|The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel:|Proverbs 1:1, [[English Standard Version]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Proverbs|1:1|ESV}}</ref>}} * "Misali": daga sunan Ibrananci {{Lang|hbo|מָשָׁל}}, {{Transl|hbo|mashal}}, na iya nufin "koyarwar abu bisa ko ta amfani da kwatanci ko kwatanci", kuma yana iya zama "ɗan gajeren sanarwa" (Hisk'i 16:44), "koyarwa da aka samo daga gogewa" (Zabura 78:2-6), "yana faɗi ko ta kalma" (Dokar Kubawar Shari'a 28:37), ko " annabin albarka ta gaba" (Hik'i 21:1-5). * "Masu'in Sulemanu": magana ce da ake la'akari da taken dukan littafin, kodayake ba ta nufin cewa Sulemanu ya rubuta ko ya tattara duk karin magana a cikin wannan littafin ba, saboda wasu sassan tarin ne da ke ɗauke da sunayen marubuta daban-daban, kamar "maganganun masu hikima" (Masu'u 22:17-24:22), "mafi yawan maganganun masu ilimi" (Maru'u 24:23-34), "kalmomin Agur" (Manu'u 30:1-33) da "kalm'u na Lemuli" (Mutum'u 31:1-9). Littafin bazai kasance a cikin tsari na ƙarshe a zamanin Sulemanu ba, saboda akwai bayanin kula a ciki cewa "mutane na Hezekiya" sun kara tarin karin magana na Sulemanu zuwa tsarin da ke cikin littafin (Mutum 25:1-29:27). <ref name="01note_b" /> === Aya ta 2 === {{Blockquote|To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding;|Proverbs 1:2, [[King James Version]]<ref>{{bibleverse|Proverbs|1:2|KJV}}</ref>}} * "Don sani" daga kalmar Ibrananci {{Lang|hbo|יָדַע}}, {{Transl|hbo|yadaʿ}}, wanda zai iya nufin "ko san" ko "ko zama mai hikima". * "Haske" daga sunan Ibrananci {{Lang|hbo|חָכְמָה}}, {{Transl|hbo|khokhmah}}, wanda ke nufin 'ƙwarewa, iyawa' kuma ana iya yin la'akari da "ƙwarewar ɗabi'a. " Kalmar tana nufin "ƙwarewa" wanda ke samar da wani abu mai daraja, kamar ƙwarewar hannu na masu sana'a (Fitowa 31:6; {{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} 35:35; cf. Ishaya 40:20), ƙwarewar kewayawa na ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa (Zabura 107:27; Ezekiel 27:8), ƙwarewa na masu saƙa (Fitowa 35:26), <ref name="02note_c" /> ko ƙwarewar masu gudanarwa (1 Sarakuna 3:28). <ref>{{Bibleverse|Exodus|31:6}}</ref><ref>{{Bibleverse|Psalm|107:27}}</ref><ref>{{Bibleverse|Exodus|35:26}}</ref> Kubawar Shari'a 4:6 yana nufin dokoki da dokoki da Allah ya ba su a matsayin hikimar Isra'ila. <ref name="02note_c" /><ref>{{Bibleverse|Deuteronomy|4:6}}</ref> Koyon game da hikima yana nufin 'ku kasance sanye take da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don rayuwa mai kyau da nasara'.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}}{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} * "Instruction": Sunan ({{Lang|hbo|מוּסָר}}, {{Transl|hbo|musar}}, wanda ke da ma'ana sau uku: (1) jiki ko iyaye: "horo; azabtarwa" (ciki har da na Allah) (2) magana: "gargadi; gargaɗi" da (3) ɗabi'a: "koyarwa; koyarwa", kamar yadda aka karɓa a ƙarƙashin ikon iyaye ko malami (cf. Misalai 4:1-5).{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Wannan kalmar an haɗa ta da "hikima" ({{Transl|hbo|khokhmah}}) sau hudu a cikin littafin (Misali 1:2, 7; 15:33, 23:23). <ref>{{Bibleverse|Proverbs|15:33}}</ref><ref>{{Bibleverse|Proverbs|23:23}}</ref><ref name="02note_d" /> === Aya ta 7 === {{Blockquote|The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction.|Proverbs 1:7, King James Version<ref>{{bibleverse|Proverbs|1:7|KJV}}</ref>}} === "Tsoron Ubangiji": === Kalmar nan ta samo asali ne daga Ibraniyanci: '''יִרְאַת יְהוָה (''yir’at YHWH'')''', wato "tsoron YHWH (Ubangiji)", inda '''"YHWH"''' (sunan Allah) yake a matsayin wanda ake tsoro da girmamawa — wato shi ne abin da ake ji tsoro daga gare shi kuma ake girmamawa.[1] Wannan furucin yana kunshe da: * '''Girmamawa da ladabtarwa ga Allah''' (duba Ishaya 8:13) * '''Da biyayya gare shi''' (duba Kubawar Shari’a 10:12–13; Mai-Wa’azi 12:13) An bayyana wannan '''"tsoron Ubangiji"''' a nan a matsayin '''sharadin samun hikima ta gaskiya''', kuma ana maimaita shi a Karin Magana 9:10 don rufe wannan sashe daga Karin Magana 1–9, == Guje wa mugayen mutane (1:8-19) == Wannan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi na farko na umarni da yawa daga "mahaifin ɗansa" a cikin littafin Misalai.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Halayen waɗannan umarni sune:{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} * roƙo don kulawa (duba aya ta 8); * umarnin da aka bayyana a matsayin umarni ko haramtacciya (duba ayoyi 10b, 15), da kuma * sassan motsawa don kula da umarnin (duba ayoyi 9, 16-19). Ya bambanta da al'ada a makarantun hikima na Misira da Babila, wanda ke da irin wannan saitin koyarwa daga malami ga ɗalibai, daidaituwa tsakanin uba da uwa (duba aya ta 8) yana nuna cewa umarnin da ke cikin littafin Misalai na iya samun saitin koyarwar iyaye a gida.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Kodayake suna ɗauke da tunatarwa akai-akai game da ikon iyaye, sassan motsawa suna da sha'awar kyakkyawar ma'anar mutum fiye da aikin yin biyayya ga iyaye.{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} === Aya ta 8 ===   Wannan nau'in roko, ''Ɗana'', "ana ci gaba da maimaitawa a cikin waɗannan surori na buɗewa". Rabi na Faransa na zamani Rashi ya ba da shawarar cewa "mahaifin" yana nufin Allah, mahaifin bil'adama, kuma "koyarwa" ko "horo" yana nufin doka da Allah "ya ba [[Musa]] a rubuce da baki". Hakazalika, ya ba da shawarar cewa "mahaifiyar" tana nufin "al'ummarku, al'ummar Isra'ila". Masanin tauhidi John Gill ya kalubalanci wannan: {{Blockquote|This is not to be understood of God the Father of mankind, and of that law which he has given them, as Jarchi (Rashi) and Gersom{{efn|Probably [[Gershom ben Judah]], {{c.|960–1040}}}} interpret it, but of Solomon and his son in a literal sense; and of anyone that came to him for instruction, any pupil, hearer, or reader of his; and it is a direction to all children to hearken to the instruction of their parents, and obey their commands.<ref>Gill, J., [https://biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/proverbs/1.htm Gill's Exposition: Proverbs 1], accessed 1 April 2021</ref>}} == Jawabin farko na Hikima (1:20-33) == A cikin wannan nassi An kwatanta Hikima a matsayin mace, wacce ke magana da ikon allahntaka (tushen wannan ikon an bayyana shi a Misalai 8:22-31). {{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} Karkatar da Hikima zai nufin kin amincewa da "tsoron Ubangiji" (asusu na 29), kuma an zarge shi da harshe da ke kusa da zargi na annabci (cf. Ishaya 65:1-2,12; Irmiya 6:19). {{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} A gefe guda, waɗanda suka yi biyayya da Hikima za su ji daɗin tsaro da kwanciyar hankali waɗanda suka yi sauraro da Hikima (Abinsa 33; duba Misalai 3:21-26).{{Sfn|Aitken|2007}} == Dubi kuma == {{Columns-list|*[[Blessing]] *[[Divine judgment]] *[[Divine providence]] *[[Earth]] *[[Evil]] *[[Heaven]] *[[Longevity]] *[[Mercy]] *[[Mitzvah]] *[[Peace]] *[[Righteousness]] *[[Wisdom]] *[[Yahweh|YHWH]]}} == Bayani == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Tushen == == Haɗin waje == * Fassarar [[Yahudanci|Yahudawa]]: ** Mishlei - Misalai - Babi na 1 (Judaica Press) fassarar [tare da sharhin Rashi] a Chabad.org * Fassarar [[Kiristanci|Kirista]]: Littafi Mai-Tsarki na kan layi a GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Littafi Mai-Msarki a cikin Turanci na asali) ** [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Proverbs+1 Littafi Mai Tsarki na kan layi a GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin Turanci na asali) * [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=24&chapter=1&version=9 Littafin Misalai Babi na 1 King James Version] * .org/search?title=Book+of+Proverbs&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">''Littafin Misalai'' na jama'a a LibriVox [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e5mlhiewbfl38uv55e2l2pen2jiqizn 0 3977 891884 518095 2026-08-06T05:52:35Z Baffa ali 47435 891884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sri Lanka Northern Province location map.svg|thumb|Chulipuram]] '''Chulipuram''' kauye ne, da ke a yankin [[Jaffna|Jaffana]], a ƙasar [[Sri Lanka]]. Yana da filin marubba’in kilomita 7.5. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chulipuram}} [[Category:Ƙauyukan Sri Lanka]] s7mguivxmw2lvvukip2vtolps1lsox5 0 3989 891803 718156 2026-08-05T23:05:26Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sri Mariamman Temple Singapore 3 amk.jpg|thumb|siganfora tana da mahimmanchi]] '''Singafora''' ƙasa ne, da ke a nahiyar [[Asiya]]. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Tugu_Merlion,_Singapura.JPG|Tugu Merlion, Singapura File:Singapore_Merlion_BCT.jpg|Mutum-mutumin Merlion a Merlion Park kusa da Marina Bay, Singapore File:Toapayoh-stadium.JPG|Toa Payoh Stadium File:KSF C151B close view 0225.jpg|Rail transport, Singapore File:Singapore_(SG),_View_from_Marina_Bay_Sands,_Singapore_Flyer_--_2019_--_4720.jpg|Singapore File:Cirrus_clouds_over_the_Lower_Seletar_Reservoir_(333740180).jpg|Lower Seletar Reservoir File:Aerial_view_of_the_Civic_District,_Singapore_River_and_Central_Business_District,_Singapore_-_20080518.jpg|Singapore </gallery> {{Asiya}} {{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Singafora}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Asiya]] Cikakken Bayani Game da Singafora (Singapore) Singafora ƙasa ce mai cin gashin kanta da ke kudu maso gabashin nahiyar Asiya. Duk da cewa tana daga cikin ƙasashe mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi samun ci gaban tattalin arziki, ilimi, fasaha da rayuwar al'umma. Babban birnin ƙasar shi ne Singapore, wanda kuma shi ne sunan ƙasar baki ɗaya. Tarihi An kafa Singafora a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci ta Birtaniya a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1819, lokacin da Sir Stamford Raffles ya kafa tashar kasuwanci ta Kamfanin East India Company. Kafin wannan lokaci, yankin yana ƙarƙashin masarautun Malay. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Japan ta mamaye Singafora daga shekarar 1942 zuwa 1945. Bayan yaƙin, Birtaniya ta sake karɓar ikon yankin. A shekarar 1959, Singafora ta sami ikon gudanar da mulkin kanta. Daga baya, a shekarar 1963, ta shiga Tarayyar Malaysia tare da Malaya, Sabah da Sarawak. Sai dai saboda sabanin siyasa da tattalin arziki, ta balle daga Malaysia a ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1965, kuma ta zama ƙasa mai cikakken 'yanci. Yanayin ƙasa Singafora tana kudu da Malaysia, kuma tana rabuwa da ita ta mashigin Johor. A kudunta akwai mashigin Singapore wanda ya haɗa ta da Indonesia. Ƙasar ta ƙunshi babban tsibiri guda ɗaya da ƙananan tsibirai sama da sittin. Duk da ƙarancin faɗinta, gwamnati ta faɗaɗa ƙasar ta hanyar cike wasu sassan teku da ƙasa. Tsarin Mulki Singafora jamhuriya ce mai tsarin dimokiraɗiyya na majalisa. Shugaban ƙasa shi ne shugaban ƙasa. Firaminista shi ne shugaban gwamnati kuma ke gudanar da harkokin yau da kullum. Majalisar dokoki ce ke yin dokoki. Tattalin Arziki Singafora na cikin ƙasashen da suka fi arziki a duniya idan aka kwatanta kuɗin shiga ga kowane mutum. Manyan hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga sun haɗa da: Kasuwancin duniya Harkokin banki da kuɗi Fasahar zamani Masana'antun lantarki Hada magunguna Tace da sarrafa man fetur Yawon buɗe ido Sufurin jiragen ruwa da na sama Tashar jiragen ruwan Singafora tana daga cikin mafi yawan aiki a duniya. Jama'a Yawan jama'ar Singafora ya haura miliyan 6. Manyan ƙabilun ƙasar sun haɗa da: Sinawa Malay Indiyawa Sauran ƙabilu Saboda haɗuwar al'adu daban-daban, ana gudanar da bukukuwa da al'adu iri-iri cikin lumana. Harsunan Hukuma Singafora tana da harsuna huɗu na hukuma: Turanci Malay Mandarin (Sinanci) Tamil Turanci shi ne harshen da aka fi amfani da shi wajen gwamnati, ilimi da kasuwanci. Addinai Ana da 'yancin bin addini a Singafora. Manyan addinai sun haɗa da: Buddha Kiristanci Musulunci Hindu Taoism Ilimi Tsarin ilimin Singafora yana daga cikin mafi inganci a duniya. Gwamnati tana saka jari sosai wajen ilimi, binciken kimiyya da fasaha. Lafiya Ƙasar tana da ingantaccen tsarin kula da lafiya, tare da manyan asibitoci da cibiyoyin binciken lafiya. Rayuwar jama'arta na daga cikin mafi tsawo a duniya. Sufuri Singafora ta shahara da: Jirgin ƙasa na MRT Motocin bas masu inganci Filin jirgin sama na Changi Airport, wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun filayen jiragen sama a duniya. Yawon Buɗe Ido Wasu daga cikin fitattun wuraren yawon buɗe ido sun haɗa da: Merlion Park Marina Bay Sands Gardens by the Bay Sentosa Island Singapore Zoo Universal Studios Singapore Muhimman Bayanai Babban birni: Singapore Nahiyar: Asiya Fadin ƙasa: Kimanin kilomita murabba'i 735 Kuɗi: Dalar Singafora (Singapore Dollar – SGD) Lokaci: UTC +8 Ranar samun 'yanci: 9 ga Agusta, 1965 Kammalawa Singafora ta zama abin koyi ga ƙasashe da dama saboda ci gabanta a fannonin ilimi, tattalin arziki, tsaro, tsafta, fasaha da ingantaccen shugabanci. Duk da ƙarancin faɗinta da rashin yalwar albarkatun ƙasa, ta samu ci gaba mai girma ta hanyar saka jari a ilimi, fasaha, kasuwanci da gudanar da mulki cikin tsari. c2xm43fxd6p0zbhbg2qthffcgbmkoy2 0 4010 891983 720821 2026-08-06T10:13:46Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Azerbaijan;'''<ref> /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, -ˈdʒæn/</ref> a hukumance Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan,<ref> ][ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ]</ref> ƙasa ce mai wuce gona da iri kuma ba ta da ƙasa a kan iyakar [[Yammacin Asiya]] da Gabashin Turai.<ref>While often politically aligned with Europe, Azerbaijan is generally considered to be at least mostly in Southwest Asia geographically with its northern part bisected by the standard Asia–Europe divide, the Greater Caucasus. The United Nations' classification of world regions places Azerbaijan in Western Asia,[10] the CIA World Factbook places it mostly in Southwest Asia,[3] and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary places it in both.[11]</ref> Wani yanki ne na yankin Kudancin Caucasus kuma yana da iyaka da Tekun Caspian zuwa gabas, Jamhuriyar Dagestan ta Rasha zuwa arewa, Jojiya zuwa arewa maso yamma, [[Iran]] zuwa kudu maso yamma da Turkiyya. Baku babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma. Kasar Albaniya ta Caucasian ce ta fara mulkin ƙasar Azerbaijan, daga baya kuma ta wasu daulolin Farisa. Har zuwa ƙarni na 19, ta ci gaba da zama wani bangare na Qajar Iran, amma yaƙin Rasha da Farisa na shekarar 1804-1813 da 1826-1828 ya tilastawa Daular Qajar mika yankunanta na Caucasian ga Daular Rasha; Yarjejeniyar Gulistan a 1813 da Turkmenchay a 1828 sun bayyana iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Iran.<ref> Harcave, Sidney (1968). Russia: A History (6th ed.). Lippincott. p. 267.</ref> <ref>Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (2007). Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran: A Study of the Origin, Evolution, and Implications of the Boundaries of Modern Iran with Its 15 Neighbors in the Middle East by a Number of Renowned Experts</ref> Yankin arewacin Aras wani yanki ne na Iran har sai da Rasha ta mamaye ta a karni na 19, <ref> Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref> ,<ref>The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics</ref>inda aka gudanar da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Mataimakin Caucasus. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, asalin ƙasar Azabaijan ya bayyana a lokacin da jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan ta shelanta 'yancin kanta daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyya ta Transcaucasian a shekara ta 1918, shekara guda bayan da Daular Rasha ta ruguje, kuma ta zama kasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa mai rinjaye na musulmi. A cikin shekarar 1920, an ci ƙasar kuma an haɗa shi cikin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin Azerbaijan SSR. Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan ta zamani ta ba da sanarwar 'yancin kai a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1991, <ref>"Азербайджан. Восстановлена государственная независимость"</ref> <ref>Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 April 1993 года</ref> jim kaɗan kafin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin Satumba 1991, ƙabilar [[Armeniya]] mafi rinjaye na yankin Nagorno-Karabakh sun kafa Jamhuriyar Artsakh mai cin gashin kanta, wacce ta zama mai cin gashin kanta tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Nagorno-Karabakh na Farko a cikin 1994, kodayake yankin da gundumomi bakwai da ke kewaye sun kasance an san su a matsayin wani ɓangare na Azerbaijan.<ref> Резолюция СБ ООН № 853 от 29 июля 1993 года,</ref>1 <ref> Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 April 1993 года</ref> ,<ref>Резолюция СБ ООН № 874 14 октября 1993 года</ref> Bayan yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na biyu a shekarar 2020, an mayar da gundumomi bakwai da sassan Nagorno-Karabakh ga ikon Azarbaijan.<ref>"Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War"</ref> Wani harin Azabaijan a cikin 2023 ya kawo karshen Jamhuriyar Artsakh kuma ya haifar da jirgin Nagorno-Karabakh Armeniyawa. Azerbaijan jumhuriya ce ta jumhuriya ta rabin shugaban kasa.<ref> LaPorte, Jody (2016). "Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan". In Elgie, Robert; Moestrup, Sophia (eds.). Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan (published 15 May 2016). pp. 91–117. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4. ISBN 978-1-137-38780-6. LCCN 2016939393. OCLC 6039791976. LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan's regime is a curious hybrid, in which semi-presidential institutions operate in the larger context of authoritarianism. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency. In addition to the considerable formal powers laid out in the Constitution, Azerbaijan's president also benefits from the support of the ruling party and informal family and patronage</ref> yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe shida na Turkawa masu cin gashin kansu kuma memba ne mai himma a cikin Kungiyar Kasashen Turkiyya da al'ummar TÜRKSOY. Azerbaijan tana da huldar diflomasiya tare da kasashe 182 kuma tana da memba a cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa na 38,<ref> "Azerbaijan: Membership of international groupings/organisations"</ref> gami da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Turai, Kungiyar da ba ta dace ba, OSCE, da shirin NATO PfP. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa GUAM, Commonwealth of Independent States, <ref> Europa Publications Limited (1998). Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-85743-058-</ref> da OPCW. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai sa ido ta Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya. Mafi yawan al'ummar kasar (97%) musulmi ne.<ref>Cornell, Svante E. (2010). Azerbaijan Since Independence. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 165, 284. Indicative of general regional trends and a natural reemergence of previously oppressed religious identity, an increasingly popular ideological basis for the pursuit of political objectives has been Islam.... The government, for its part, has shown an official commitment to Islam by building mosques and respecting Islamic values... Unofficial Islamic groups sought to use aspects of Islam to mobilize the population and establish the foundations for a future political struggle.... Unlike Turkey, Azerbaijan does not have the powerful ideological legacy of secularism... the conflict with Armenia has bred frustration that is increasingly being answered by a combined Islamic and</ref> <ref>"Azerbaijan"</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Azarbaijan bai ayyana addini a hukumance ba, kuma dukkanin manyan rundunonin siyasa a kasar ba su da addini. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai tasowa kuma tana matsayi na 89 a kididdigar ci gaban bil'adama. Jam'iyyar New Azerbaijan mai mulki, in po ==Asalin suna== Ƙarin bayani: Atropatene, Caucasian [[Albaniya|Albania]], da Azerbaijan (toponym) Kalmar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne daga Atropates, <ref>Houtsma, M. Th.</ref> <ref> ]Schippmann, Klaus (1989). Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History. Encyclopædia Iranica. pp. 221–224. ISBN 978-0-933273-95-5.</ref> ɗan Farisa <ref>Hellenistic Civilization</ref> <ref>Bosworth A.B., Baynham E.J. (2002). Alexander the Great in Fact and fiction. Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-925275-</ref> satrap a ƙarƙashin Daular Achaemenid wanda aka dawo da shi azaman satrap na Media a ƙarƙashin Alexander the Great.<ref> Nevertheless, "despite being one of the chief vassals of Sasanian Shahanshah, the Albanian king had only a semblance of authority, and the Sassanid marzban (military governor) held most civil, religious, and military authority.</ref> <ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref>Asalin asalin asalin wannan sunan ana tsammanin yana da tushensa a cikin Zoroastrianism wanda ya taɓa mamayewa. A cikin Frawardin Yasht na Avesta ("Waƙa ga Mala'iku Masu Tsaro"), akwai ambaton âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, wanda ke fassara daga Avestan a matsayin "muna bauta wa fravashi na Atropatene mai tsarki"<ref>Darmesteter, James</ref> Sunan "Atropates" shi ne fassarar Hellenanci na Tsohon Iraniyawa, mai yiwuwa Median, hade da suna tare da ma'anar "Wuta (Tsarki) Mai Tsarkaka" ko "Ƙasar Wuta (Mai Tsarki)"<ref>.Darmesteter, James</ref> Diodorus Siculus da Strabo ne suka ambaci sunan Girkanci. A cikin shekaru millennia, sunan ya samo asali zuwa Āturpātākān (Farshiya ta Tsakiya), sannan zuwa Ādharbādhagān, Ādhorbāygān, Āzarbāydjān (Sabuwar Farisa) da Azerbaijan ta yau.<ref>Sabahi, Farian (2000). La pecora e il tappeto: i nomadi Shahsevan dell'Azerbaigian iraniano (in Italian). Ariele. p. 23. ISBN 978-88-86480</ref> Gwamnatin Musavat ta fara amfani da sunan Azerbaijan a shekara ta 1918<ref>Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers</ref>bayan rugujewar daular Rasha, lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan mai cin gashin kanta. Har zuwa lokacin, an yi amfani da nadi na musamman don gano yankin da ke kusa da wannan yanki na arewa maso yammacin Iran,<ref> Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-86064-554-9.</ref> <ref>Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region</ref> <ref>Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-90-485-1928-6. The region to the north of the river Araxes was not called Azerbaijan prior to 1918, unlike the region in northwestern Iran that has been </ref> <ref>Caucasian Albania</ref> yayin da yankin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Azerbaijan a da ake kira Arran da Shirvan.<ref>Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran</ref> A kan haka ne Iran ta nuna rashin amincewa da sunan kasar da aka dauka.<ref>The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia</ref> A lokacin mulkin Soviet, an kuma rubuta ƙasar da Latin daga fassarar Rasha kamar Azerbaydzhan (Rashanci: Азербайджа́н).[44]. An kuma rubuta sunan kasar da Cyrillic ==Tarihi== Babban labarin: Tarihin Azerbaijan Dada Ƙarin bayani: Caucasian Albania Petroglyphs a cikin Gobustan National Park tun daga karni na 10 BC wanda ke nuna al'ada mai bunƙasa. Hujja ta farko ta zama ɗan adam a ƙasar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin dutse kuma yana da alaƙa da al'adun Guruchay na kogon Azykh.<ref>"National report on institutional landscape and research policy Social Sciences and Humanities in Azerbaijan"</ref> Matsugunan farko sun haɗa da Scythiyawa a cikin ƙarni na 9 BC.[<ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref> ] Bayan Scythiyawa, Mediyawan Iran sun mamaye yankin da ke kudancin kogin Aras.<ref> Dizadji (2010). Journey from Tehran to Chicago: My Life in Iran and the United States, and a Brief History of Iran. </Ref> sun ƙirƙira daula mai faɗi tsakanin 900 zuwa 700 BC, wadda aka haɗa ta cikin Daular Achaemenid a kusan 550 BC.<ref>.Chaumont, M. L. (1984). "Albania". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 15 </ref> Achaemenids ne suka mamaye yankin wanda ya kai ga yaduwar Zoroastrianism.<ref>ISBN</ref> <Ref>"Khāqānī"</ref> Daga zamanin Sasanid zuwa zamanin Safawida Hasumiyar Maiden da Fadar Shirvanshahs da ke Tsohuwar birnin Baku wuri ne na Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 11-12. Maiden Tower Palace na Shirvanshahs Daular Sasaniya ta mayar da Albaniya na Caucasian zuwa wata kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 252, yayin da sarki Urnayr ya karbi addinin Kiristanci a hukumance a karni na 4.<ref> Shaw, Ian (2017). Christianity: The Biography: 2000 Years of Global History. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0-310-53628-</ref> da mulkin Sassanid, Caucasian Albania ya kasance wani yanki a yankin har zuwa karni na 9, yayin da yake karkashin cikakken ikon Sassanid Iran, kuma ya ci gaba da mulkinsa. Duk da kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan hadiman sarkin Sasaniya, sarkin Albaniya yana da kamannin iko kawai, kuma Sasanian marzban (gwamnan soja) yana da mafi yawan ikon farar hula, na addini da na soja.<ref> Ehsan Yarshater</ref> A cikin farkon rabin karni na 7, Caucasian Albania, a matsayin wata vassal na ilimin Sassasia, sun zo karkashin mulkin musulmi tare da cin nasarar Farisa. Kalifa na Umayyo ya sake buga kasashen biyu da Byzantes daga Kudancin Caucasus kuma ya koma Caliphate na Vassassion kamar yadda SirriDs, da Shaddadids. A farkon karni na 11, a hankali ya kama yankin da ƙaura Oghratz Turks daga [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], wanda ya dauki hanyar gaishe Turkawa a lokacin. <Ref>Barthold, V.V. Sochineniya; p. 558: "Whatever the former significance of the Oghuz people in Eastern Asia, after the events of the 8th and 9th centuries, it focuses more and more on the West, on the border of the Pre-Asian cultural world, which was destined to be invaded by the Oghuz people in the 11th century, or, as they were called only in the west, by the </ref> Na farkon wadannan maganin Turkic da aka kafa shi ne Seljuk da Daular ta 1067. <ref>Peacock, A. C. S. (27 April 2016). Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4</ref> Yaren Pre-Turkic ya yi magana da yaruka na Turai a cikin Turai da na Turai, daga cikinsu Armeniyanci ya maye gurbinsa, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa da na Azeri, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa na Azerbaijani na yau. <Ref> Armenia: A Historical Atlas</ref> masu ilimin likitocin sun kuma bayyana cewa yarukan Azerbaijan da Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan, kamar yadda Tats, ya fito daga tsohon Azeri. [<Ref> Hewsen, Robert H. (1982). Thomas J. Samuelian, ed. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians". Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity. (Philadelphia: Scholars Press. p. 45.)</ref> A cikin gida, da kayan seljuk daular Seljuk da Emzuk, wanda aka yiwa selukukins, amma wani lokaci Vassals na Facters da kansu. A ƙarƙashin Seljuks, gida mawaƙan kamar nizami gane wajaivi da Khaqani ya haifar da fure mai fure na litattafan Persian a yankin. <Ref>Archived</ref> farkon zuwan daga cikin sarvids har zuwa karatun 19 na karni. <Ref>The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security</ref> <ref>The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: an outline to A.D. 1840, Part 1840</ref> <ref> The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule</ref> <ref>Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0. Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. Returning to Tehran in the spring of 1795, he assembled a force of some 60,000 cavalries and infantry and in Shawwal Dhul-Qa'da/May, set off for Azarbaijan, intending to conquer the country between the rivers Aras and Kura, formerly under Safavid control. This region comprised a number of khanates of which the most important was Qarabagh, with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both </ref> ==Tarihin zamani== Taswirar siyasa na yankin gabashin Caucasus tsakanin 1795 da 1801 Bayan Safaya, daular daulolin Iranharid ya mallaki yankin. Bayan mutuwar Nader Shah a cikin 1747, yawancin batutuwan da suka gabata game da fashewar rashin ƙarfi. Yawancin Khanates da yawa tare da nau'ikan tsarin mulkin kai <ref> Christopher J. (1980). Armenia, the survival of a nation. Croom Helm. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7099-0210-2. Tsitsianov next moved against the semi-independent Iranian khanates. On the thinnest of pretexts, he captured the Muslim town of Gandja, the seat of Islamic learning in the Caucasus (...)</ref> <ref>Saparov, Arsène (2014). From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the Making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-63783-7. Even though these principalities [the khanates] had not been under Iranian suzerainty since the assassination of Nadir Shah in 1747, they were traditionally considered an inalienable part of Iranian domains. (...) To the semi-independent Caucasian principalities, the appearance of the new Great Power (...)</ref> ] <ref>"Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran"</ref> ] <ref> ]Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-8223-4648-7. But they were relatively more accessible given the organization of small, centralized, semi-independent khanates that functioned through the decline of Iranian rule after the death of Nadir Shah in the </ref> <ref> Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0. Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. Returning to Tehran in the spring of 1795, he assembled a force of some 60,000 cavalries and infantry and in Shawwal Dhul-Qa'da/May, set off for Azarbaijan, intending to conquer the country between the rivers Aras and Kura, formerly under Safavid control. This region comprised a number of khanates of which the most important was Qarabagh, with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both banks of the Kura, Christian Georgia (Gurjistan</ref> [ Shugabannin waɗannan Khanates sun danganta kai tsaye ga masarautar Iran kuma sun kasance mata da kuma batutuwan Iran Shah. <Ref> Encyclopedia of Soviet law By Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge, Gerard Pieter van den Berg, William B. Simons, Page 457</ref> ya yi aiki da iko akan harkokinsu ta hanyar hanyoyin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa tsakanin Asiya ta Tsakiya da yamma. <Ref>King, Charles</ref> Bayan haka, yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin zaman Iran da Qajars. <Ref>978-1-4381-1025-7</ref> Daga ƙarshen karni na 18, Sinamsia Rasha ta sauya matakan tashin hankali da za a iya zuwa Iran da Daular Ottoman. <Ref>Multiple Authors. "Caucasus and Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved</ref> Rasha ta yi ƙoƙari ya sami damar mallakar yankin Caucasus wanda ya kasance, ga mafi yawan ɓangaren Iran. <ref>Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 1035. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5. January 1804. (...) Russo-Persian War. Russian invasion of Persia. (...) In January 1804 Russian forces under General Paul Tsitsianov (Sisianoff) invade Persia and storm the citadel of </ref> A cikin 1804, Russiers ne suka mamaye kuma sun kori garin Ganja na Iran, ya zuga yakin Rusto-Persian. <Ref> Goldstein, Erik (1992). Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991. London: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-415-07822</ref> Yan bindiga da karfi Russia sun kare yakin tare da cin nasara. <ref>Goldstein, Erik (1992). Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991. London: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-415-07822-1,</ref> Bin asarar asarar Qajar Iran, an tilasta shi don hadewarsu a kan mafi yawan Khanates, tare da Georgia da Dagestan zuwa Mulkin Rasha. [81] Da kewaye na Ganja sansanin soja a 1804 yayin yakin Russo-Farian na 1804-1813 The area to the north of the Aras River was Iranian territory until Russia occupied it in the 19th century.[14][82][83][84][85][86 Game da shekaru goma daga baya, a cikin keta dokin Gulistan, Russia Russia ta mamaye garin Elivan na Iran. [87] [88] [88] [88] Wannan ya haifar da faduwar karshe na tashinsu tsakanin su biyun, da yakin Ruso-Persian na 1826-1828. Sakamakon yarjejeniya na Turkmenchay ya tilasta Qajar Irfan a Ceeveregnty a kan Erivan Khanate da sauran Talysh Khanate. [81] Bayan hadayar da yankuna na Caicasian daga Iran zuwa Rasha, kan iyakar da aka sa a Kogin Aras. [89] Duk da nasarar Rasha, a duk karni na 19, picocccupation tare da masana ilimin Iran, da yaki da Tiflis (90] A yanzu Georgia). [90] A tsakanin karni ɗaya, a cikin Iran-na Gabas ta Tsakanin Irassia, asalin ƙasa ya fito a ƙarshen karni na 19. [91] A sakamakon nasarar Rasha, Azerbaijanis ne a zamanin yau da kullun tsakanin kasashe biyu: Iran da Azerbaijan. [92] Bayan rushewar daular Rasha yayin yakin duniya na, an sanya 'yan gajerun' yan wasan Azerbaijan, Georgia, da Armenia. An bi ta da kwanaki 30 [94] wanda ya faru tsakanin 30 Maris da 2 ga Afrilu 1918 a cikin Baku da wuraren da ke cikin Baku Goodnorate. [95 Lokacin da Jamhuriyar ta narkar da a watan Mayu 1918, jagorar gwamnatin Mushaijar ta ayyana 'yan kasuwar "Azerbaijan na" [38] [] [38] [38] [39] ADR shine Jamhuriyar majalisa ta zamani ta zamani a cikin duniyar Musulmi. [146] [96] [97] Daga cikin mahimman nasarori na majalisar sun kasance fadakarwar tashin hankali ga mata, yin Adr na Musulmi na Musulmi na farko da ya baiwa mata hakkoki ta siyasa da maza. [96] Jami'ar jihar Baku, Jami'ar zamani da aka kafa ta Gabas ta Gabas, an kafa ta a wannan lokacin. [96] Taswirar Taswirar Azerbaijan a cikin taron tattaunawa ta Paris 1919 Azujan Azerbaijan ya kasance tsawon watanni 23 kawai har sai da Bolshevik Jamhuriyar Soviet ta mamaye shi, Azerbaijanis bai mika taka 'yancinsu na 1918-20 da sauri ko sauƙi. Kamar yadda sojoji 20,000 Azerbaijani suka mutu sun tsayayya da abin da ya kasance mai sulhu da Rashanci. [98] A cikin dawowar farkon Soviet, an ƙirƙira asalin ƙasa na Azerbaijani. [91] nycqg44g2yxb2op7sbo7w4b6lpw4tfw 891984 891983 2026-08-06T10:14:07Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Azerbaijan;'''<ref> /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, -ˈdʒæn/</ref> a hukumance Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan,<ref> ][ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn ɾespublikɑˈsɯ]</ref> ƙasa ce mai wuce gona da iri kuma ba ta da ƙasa a kan iyakar [[Yammacin Asiya]] da Gabashin Turai.<ref>While often politically aligned with Europe, Azerbaijan is generally considered to be at least mostly in Southwest Asia geographically with its northern part bisected by the standard Asia–Europe divide, the Greater Caucasus. The United Nations' classification of world regions places Azerbaijan in Western Asia,[10] the CIA World Factbook places it mostly in Southwest Asia,[3] and Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary places it in both.[11]</ref> Wani yanki ne na yankin Kudancin Caucasus kuma yana da iyaka da Tekun Caspian zuwa gabas, Jamhuriyar Dagestan ta Rasha zuwa arewa, Jojiya zuwa arewa maso yamma, [[Iran]] zuwa kudu maso yamma da Turkiyya. Baku babban birni ne kuma birni mafi girma. Kasar Albaniya ta Caucasian ce ta fara mulkin ƙasar Azerbaijan, daga baya kuma ta wasu daulolin Farisa. Har zuwa ƙarni na 19, ta ci gaba da zama wani bangare na Qajar Iran, amma yaƙin Rasha da Farisa na shekarar 1804-1813 da 1826-1828 ya tilastawa Daular Qajar mika yankunanta na Caucasian ga Daular Rasha; Yarjejeniyar Gulistan a 1813 da Turkmenchay a 1828 sun bayyana iyakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Iran.<ref> Harcave, Sidney (1968). Russia: A History (6th ed.). Lippincott. p. 267.</ref> <ref>Mojtahed-Zadeh, Pirouz (2007). Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran: A Study of the Origin, Evolution, and Implications of the Boundaries of Modern Iran with Its 15 Neighbors in the Middle East by a Number of Renowned Experts</ref> Yankin arewacin Aras wani yanki ne na Iran har sai da Rasha ta mamaye ta a karni na 19, <ref> Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref> ,<ref>The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics</ref>inda aka gudanar da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Mataimakin Caucasus. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, asalin ƙasar Azabaijan ya bayyana a lokacin da jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan ta shelanta 'yancin kanta daga Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyya ta Transcaucasian a shekara ta 1918, shekara guda bayan da Daular Rasha ta ruguje, kuma ta zama kasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta zama ƙasa mai rinjaye na musulmi. A cikin shekarar 1920, an ci ƙasar kuma an haɗa shi cikin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin Azerbaijan SSR. Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan ta zamani ta ba da sanarwar 'yancin kai a ranar 30 ga Agusta 1991, <ref>"Азербайджан. Восстановлена государственная независимость"</ref> <ref>Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 April 1993 года</ref> jim kaɗan kafin rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin Satumba 1991, ƙabilar [[Armeniya]] mafi rinjaye na yankin Nagorno-Karabakh sun kafa Jamhuriyar Artsakh mai cin gashin kanta, wacce ta zama mai cin gashin kanta tare da ƙarshen Yaƙin Nagorno-Karabakh na Farko a cikin 1994, kodayake yankin da gundumomi bakwai da ke kewaye sun kasance an san su a matsayin wani ɓangare na Azerbaijan.<ref> Резолюция СБ ООН № 853 от 29 июля 1993 года,</ref>1 <ref> Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 April 1993 года</ref> ,<ref>Резолюция СБ ООН № 874 14 октября 1993 года</ref> Bayan yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na biyu a shekarar 2020, an mayar da gundumomi bakwai da sassan Nagorno-Karabakh ga ikon Azarbaijan.<ref>"Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War"</ref> Wani harin Azabaijan a cikin 2023 ya kawo karshen Jamhuriyar Artsakh kuma ya haifar da jirgin Nagorno-Karabakh Armeniyawa. Azerbaijan jumhuriya ce ta jumhuriya ta rabin shugaban ƙasa.<ref> LaPorte, Jody (2016). "Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan". In Elgie, Robert; Moestrup, Sophia (eds.). Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan (published 15 May 2016). pp. 91–117. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4. ISBN 978-1-137-38780-6. LCCN 2016939393. OCLC 6039791976. LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan's regime is a curious hybrid, in which semi-presidential institutions operate in the larger context of authoritarianism. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency. In addition to the considerable formal powers laid out in the Constitution, Azerbaijan's president also benefits from the support of the ruling party and informal family and patronage</ref> yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe shida na Turkawa masu cin gashin kansu kuma memba ne mai himma a cikin Kungiyar Kasashen Turkiyya da al'ummar TÜRKSOY. Azerbaijan tana da huldar diflomasiya tare da kasashe 182 kuma tana da memba a cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa na 38,<ref> "Azerbaijan: Membership of international groupings/organisations"</ref> gami da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Turai, Kungiyar da ba ta dace ba, OSCE, da shirin NATO PfP. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa GUAM, Commonwealth of Independent States, <ref> Europa Publications Limited (1998). Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-85743-058-</ref> da OPCW. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai sa ido ta Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya. Mafi yawan al'ummar kasar (97%) musulmi ne.<ref>Cornell, Svante E. (2010). Azerbaijan Since Independence. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 165, 284. Indicative of general regional trends and a natural reemergence of previously oppressed religious identity, an increasingly popular ideological basis for the pursuit of political objectives has been Islam.... The government, for its part, has shown an official commitment to Islam by building mosques and respecting Islamic values... Unofficial Islamic groups sought to use aspects of Islam to mobilize the population and establish the foundations for a future political struggle.... Unlike Turkey, Azerbaijan does not have the powerful ideological legacy of secularism... the conflict with Armenia has bred frustration that is increasingly being answered by a combined Islamic and</ref> <ref>"Azerbaijan"</ref> Kundin tsarin mulkin Azarbaijan bai ayyana addini a hukumance ba, kuma dukkanin manyan rundunonin siyasa a kasar ba su da addini. Azerbaijan kasa ce mai tasowa kuma tana matsayi na 89 a kididdigar ci gaban bil'adama. Jam'iyyar New Azerbaijan mai mulki, in po ==Asalin suna== Ƙarin bayani: Atropatene, Caucasian [[Albaniya|Albania]], da Azerbaijan (toponym) Kalmar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne daga Atropates, <ref>Houtsma, M. Th.</ref> <ref> ]Schippmann, Klaus (1989). Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History. Encyclopædia Iranica. pp. 221–224. ISBN 978-0-933273-95-5.</ref> ɗan Farisa <ref>Hellenistic Civilization</ref> <ref>Bosworth A.B., Baynham E.J. (2002). Alexander the Great in Fact and fiction. Oxford University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-925275-</ref> satrap a ƙarƙashin Daular Achaemenid wanda aka dawo da shi azaman satrap na Media a ƙarƙashin Alexander the Great.<ref> Nevertheless, "despite being one of the chief vassals of Sasanian Shahanshah, the Albanian king had only a semblance of authority, and the Sassanid marzban (military governor) held most civil, religious, and military authority.</ref> <ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref>Asalin asalin asalin wannan sunan ana tsammanin yana da tushensa a cikin Zoroastrianism wanda ya taɓa mamayewa. A cikin Frawardin Yasht na Avesta ("Waƙa ga Mala'iku Masu Tsaro"), akwai ambaton âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, wanda ke fassara daga Avestan a matsayin "muna bauta wa fravashi na Atropatene mai tsarki"<ref>Darmesteter, James</ref> Sunan "Atropates" shi ne fassarar Hellenanci na Tsohon Iraniyawa, mai yiwuwa Median, hade da suna tare da ma'anar "Wuta (Tsarki) Mai Tsarkaka" ko "Ƙasar Wuta (Mai Tsarki)"<ref>.Darmesteter, James</ref> Diodorus Siculus da Strabo ne suka ambaci sunan Girkanci. A cikin shekaru millennia, sunan ya samo asali zuwa Āturpātākān (Farshiya ta Tsakiya), sannan zuwa Ādharbādhagān, Ādhorbāygān, Āzarbāydjān (Sabuwar Farisa) da Azerbaijan ta yau.<ref>Sabahi, Farian (2000). La pecora e il tappeto: i nomadi Shahsevan dell'Azerbaigian iraniano (in Italian). Ariele. p. 23. ISBN 978-88-86480</ref> Gwamnatin Musavat ta fara amfani da sunan Azerbaijan a shekara ta 1918<ref>Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers</ref>bayan rugujewar daular Rasha, lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Azarbaijan mai cin gashin kanta. Har zuwa lokacin, an yi amfani da nadi na musamman don gano yankin da ke kusa da wannan yanki na arewa maso yammacin Iran,<ref> Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-86064-554-9.</ref> <ref>Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region</ref> <ref>Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-90-485-1928-6. The region to the north of the river Araxes was not called Azerbaijan prior to 1918, unlike the region in northwestern Iran that has been </ref> <ref>Caucasian Albania</ref> yayin da yankin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Azerbaijan a da ake kira Arran da Shirvan.<ref>Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran</ref> A kan haka ne Iran ta nuna rashin amincewa da sunan kasar da aka dauka.<ref>The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia</ref> A lokacin mulkin Soviet, an kuma rubuta ƙasar da Latin daga fassarar Rasha kamar Azerbaydzhan (Rashanci: Азербайджа́н).[44]. An kuma rubuta sunan kasar da Cyrillic ==Tarihi== Babban labarin: Tarihin Azerbaijan Dada Ƙarin bayani: Caucasian Albania Petroglyphs a cikin Gobustan National Park tun daga karni na 10 BC wanda ke nuna al'ada mai bunƙasa. Hujja ta farko ta zama ɗan adam a ƙasar Azerbaijan ta samo asali ne tun daga ƙarshen zamanin dutse kuma yana da alaƙa da al'adun Guruchay na kogon Azykh.<ref>"National report on institutional landscape and research policy Social Sciences and Humanities in Azerbaijan"</ref> Matsugunan farko sun haɗa da Scythiyawa a cikin ƙarni na 9 BC.[<ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz</ref> ] Bayan Scythiyawa, Mediyawan Iran sun mamaye yankin da ke kudancin kogin Aras.<ref> Dizadji (2010). Journey from Tehran to Chicago: My Life in Iran and the United States, and a Brief History of Iran. </Ref> sun ƙirƙira daula mai faɗi tsakanin 900 zuwa 700 BC, wadda aka haɗa ta cikin Daular Achaemenid a kusan 550 BC.<ref>.Chaumont, M. L. (1984). "Albania". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 15 </ref> Achaemenids ne suka mamaye yankin wanda ya kai ga yaduwar Zoroastrianism.<ref>ISBN</ref> <Ref>"Khāqānī"</ref> Daga zamanin Sasanid zuwa zamanin Safawida Hasumiyar Maiden da Fadar Shirvanshahs da ke Tsohuwar birnin Baku wuri ne na Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 11-12. Maiden Tower Palace na Shirvanshahs Daular Sasaniya ta mayar da Albaniya na Caucasian zuwa wata kasa mai cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 252, yayin da sarki Urnayr ya karbi addinin Kiristanci a hukumance a karni na 4.<ref> Shaw, Ian (2017). Christianity: The Biography: 2000 Years of Global History. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0-310-53628-</ref> da mulkin Sassanid, Caucasian Albania ya kasance wani yanki a yankin har zuwa karni na 9, yayin da yake karkashin cikakken ikon Sassanid Iran, kuma ya ci gaba da mulkinsa. Duk da kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin manyan hadiman sarkin Sasaniya, sarkin Albaniya yana da kamannin iko kawai, kuma Sasanian marzban (gwamnan soja) yana da mafi yawan ikon farar hula, na addini da na soja.<ref> Ehsan Yarshater</ref> A cikin farkon rabin karni na 7, Caucasian Albania, a matsayin wata vassal na ilimin Sassasia, sun zo karkashin mulkin musulmi tare da cin nasarar Farisa. Kalifa na Umayyo ya sake buga kasashen biyu da Byzantes daga Kudancin Caucasus kuma ya koma Caliphate na Vassassion kamar yadda SirriDs, da Shaddadids. A farkon karni na 11, a hankali ya kama yankin da ƙaura Oghratz Turks daga [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], wanda ya dauki hanyar gaishe Turkawa a lokacin. <Ref>Barthold, V.V. Sochineniya; p. 558: "Whatever the former significance of the Oghuz people in Eastern Asia, after the events of the 8th and 9th centuries, it focuses more and more on the West, on the border of the Pre-Asian cultural world, which was destined to be invaded by the Oghuz people in the 11th century, or, as they were called only in the west, by the </ref> Na farkon wadannan maganin Turkic da aka kafa shi ne Seljuk da Daular ta 1067. <ref>Peacock, A. C. S. (27 April 2016). Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4</ref> Yaren Pre-Turkic ya yi magana da yaruka na Turai a cikin Turai da na Turai, daga cikinsu Armeniyanci ya maye gurbinsa, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa da na Azeri, farkon wanda aka maye gurbinsa na Azerbaijani na yau. <Ref> Armenia: A Historical Atlas</ref> masu ilimin likitocin sun kuma bayyana cewa yarukan Azerbaijan da Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan, kamar yadda Tats, ya fito daga tsohon Azeri. [<Ref> Hewsen, Robert H. (1982). Thomas J. Samuelian, ed. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians". Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity. (Philadelphia: Scholars Press. p. 45.)</ref> A cikin gida, da kayan seljuk daular Seljuk da Emzuk, wanda aka yiwa selukukins, amma wani lokaci Vassals na Facters da kansu. A ƙarƙashin Seljuks, gida mawaƙan kamar nizami gane wajaivi da Khaqani ya haifar da fure mai fure na litattafan Persian a yankin. <Ref>Archived</ref> farkon zuwan daga cikin sarvids har zuwa karatun 19 na karni. <Ref>The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security</ref> <ref>The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: an outline to A.D. 1840, Part 1840</ref> <ref> The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule</ref> <ref>Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0. Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. Returning to Tehran in the spring of 1795, he assembled a force of some 60,000 cavalries and infantry and in Shawwal Dhul-Qa'da/May, set off for Azarbaijan, intending to conquer the country between the rivers Aras and Kura, formerly under Safavid control. This region comprised a number of khanates of which the most important was Qarabagh, with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both </ref> ==Tarihin zamani== Taswirar siyasa na yankin gabashin Caucasus tsakanin 1795 da 1801 Bayan Safaya, daular daulolin Iranharid ya mallaki yankin. Bayan mutuwar Nader Shah a cikin 1747, yawancin batutuwan da suka gabata game da fashewar rashin ƙarfi. Yawancin Khanates da yawa tare da nau'ikan tsarin mulkin kai <ref> Christopher J. (1980). Armenia, the survival of a nation. Croom Helm. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7099-0210-2. Tsitsianov next moved against the semi-independent Iranian khanates. On the thinnest of pretexts, he captured the Muslim town of Gandja, the seat of Islamic learning in the Caucasus (...)</ref> <ref>Saparov, Arsène (2014). From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: The Soviet Union and the Making of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno Karabakh. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-63783-7. Even though these principalities [the khanates] had not been under Iranian suzerainty since the assassination of Nadir Shah in 1747, they were traditionally considered an inalienable part of Iranian domains. (...) To the semi-independent Caucasian principalities, the appearance of the new Great Power (...)</ref> ] <ref>"Fragile Frontiers: The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran"</ref> ] <ref> ]Reader: History, Culture, Politics. Duke University Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-8223-4648-7. But they were relatively more accessible given the organization of small, centralized, semi-independent khanates that functioned through the decline of Iranian rule after the death of Nadir Shah in the </ref> <ref> Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin (1991). The Cambridge History of Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0. Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. Returning to Tehran in the spring of 1795, he assembled a force of some 60,000 cavalries and infantry and in Shawwal Dhul-Qa'da/May, set off for Azarbaijan, intending to conquer the country between the rivers Aras and Kura, formerly under Safavid control. This region comprised a number of khanates of which the most important was Qarabagh, with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both banks of the Kura, Christian Georgia (Gurjistan</ref> [ Shugabannin waɗannan Khanates sun danganta kai tsaye ga masarautar Iran kuma sun kasance mata da kuma batutuwan Iran Shah. <Ref> Encyclopedia of Soviet law By Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge, Gerard Pieter van den Berg, William B. Simons, Page 457</ref> ya yi aiki da iko akan harkokinsu ta hanyar hanyoyin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa tsakanin Asiya ta Tsakiya da yamma. <Ref>King, Charles</ref> Bayan haka, yankin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin zaman Iran da Qajars. <Ref>978-1-4381-1025-7</ref> Daga ƙarshen karni na 18, Sinamsia Rasha ta sauya matakan tashin hankali da za a iya zuwa Iran da Daular Ottoman. <Ref>Multiple Authors. "Caucasus and Iran". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved</ref> Rasha ta yi ƙoƙari ya sami damar mallakar yankin Caucasus wanda ya kasance, ga mafi yawan ɓangaren Iran. <ref>Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 1035. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5. January 1804. (...) Russo-Persian War. Russian invasion of Persia. (...) In January 1804 Russian forces under General Paul Tsitsianov (Sisianoff) invade Persia and storm the citadel of </ref> A cikin 1804, Russiers ne suka mamaye kuma sun kori garin Ganja na Iran, ya zuga yakin Rusto-Persian. <Ref> Goldstein, Erik (1992). Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991. London: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-415-07822</ref> Yan bindiga da karfi Russia sun kare yakin tare da cin nasara. <ref>Goldstein, Erik (1992). Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991. London: Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-415-07822-1,</ref> Bin asarar asarar Qajar Iran, an tilasta shi don hadewarsu a kan mafi yawan Khanates, tare da Georgia da Dagestan zuwa Mulkin Rasha. [81] Da kewaye na Ganja sansanin soja a 1804 yayin yakin Russo-Farian na 1804-1813 The area to the north of the Aras River was Iranian territory until Russia occupied it in the 19th century.[14][82][83][84][85][86 Game da shekaru goma daga baya, a cikin keta dokin Gulistan, Russia Russia ta mamaye garin Elivan na Iran. [87] [88] [88] [88] Wannan ya haifar da faduwar karshe na tashinsu tsakanin su biyun, da yakin Ruso-Persian na 1826-1828. Sakamakon yarjejeniya na Turkmenchay ya tilasta Qajar Irfan a Ceeveregnty a kan Erivan Khanate da sauran Talysh Khanate. [81] Bayan hadayar da yankuna na Caicasian daga Iran zuwa Rasha, kan iyakar da aka sa a Kogin Aras. [89] Duk da nasarar Rasha, a duk karni na 19, picocccupation tare da masana ilimin Iran, da yaki da Tiflis (90] A yanzu Georgia). [90] A tsakanin karni ɗaya, a cikin Iran-na Gabas ta Tsakanin Irassia, asalin ƙasa ya fito a ƙarshen karni na 19. [91] A sakamakon nasarar Rasha, Azerbaijanis ne a zamanin yau da kullun tsakanin kasashe biyu: Iran da Azerbaijan. [92] Bayan rushewar daular Rasha yayin yakin duniya na, an sanya 'yan gajerun' yan wasan Azerbaijan, Georgia, da Armenia. An bi ta da kwanaki 30 [94] wanda ya faru tsakanin 30 Maris da 2 ga Afrilu 1918 a cikin Baku da wuraren da ke cikin Baku Goodnorate. [95 Lokacin da Jamhuriyar ta narkar da a watan Mayu 1918, jagorar gwamnatin Mushaijar ta ayyana 'yan kasuwar "Azerbaijan na" [38] [] [38] [38] [39] ADR shine Jamhuriyar majalisa ta zamani ta zamani a cikin duniyar Musulmi. [146] [96] [97] Daga cikin mahimman nasarori na majalisar sun kasance fadakarwar tashin hankali ga mata, yin Adr na Musulmi na Musulmi na farko da ya baiwa mata hakkoki ta siyasa da maza. [96] Jami'ar jihar Baku, Jami'ar zamani da aka kafa ta Gabas ta Gabas, an kafa ta a wannan lokacin. [96] Taswirar Taswirar Azerbaijan a cikin taron tattaunawa ta Paris 1919 Azujan Azerbaijan ya kasance tsawon watanni 23 kawai har sai da Bolshevik Jamhuriyar Soviet ta mamaye shi, Azerbaijanis bai mika taka 'yancinsu na 1918-20 da sauri ko sauƙi. Kamar yadda sojoji 20,000 Azerbaijani suka mutu sun tsayayya da abin da ya kasance mai sulhu da Rashanci. [98] A cikin dawowar farkon Soviet, an ƙirƙira asalin ƙasa na Azerbaijani. [91] qboesqhf2hdvxo0vymrow3tzycuu1ap 0 4074 891694 583691 2026-08-05T13:27:28Z Baffa ali 47435 891694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Triglav.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Dutsin Triglav, Sloveniya]] [[File:Ridge of Veliki Vrh, Karawanks, Slovenia 11.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|wani guri a Slovenia]] [[File:View to Piran from St. George's Parish Church, Piran, Slovenia 10.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|153x153px]]'''Sloveniya:''' kasan ce daga cikin kasashen Nahiyar Wanda yake a babban birnin Ljubljana da kuma yawan mutanen ya kai kimanin 2,066,880 . [[File:Ljubljana_po_potresu_15.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ljubljana bayan girgizar kasa a shekarar 1895]] [[File:%C5%A0tab_2._bataljona_Pre%C5%A1ernove_brigade_1944.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Membobin Brigade na Prešeren, 1944 Hedikwatar Battalion ta 2 na Prešeren Brigade, 1944]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:View_of_Koper_from_Zusterna.JPG|Birnin Koper, Slovenia File:Triglav.jpg|Dutsen Triglaw File:Bled_Overview.JPG|Tafkin Bled File:Nova_Gorica_0720069_1600x1062_77.jpg|Nova Gorica </gallery> {{Turai}} {{stub}} [[Category:Ƙasā̀shē]] [[Category:Tūrai]] l0m91lky4nb21l0go1aav090vz9t0cf 0 4088 891669 499596 2026-08-05T12:55:06Z Baffa ali 47435 891669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Zema.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Zema]] [[Fayil:Liberator - 1906-11 (IA cl 000053).pdf|thumb]] '''Zema Abbey''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1977) dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila ne. Ya shiga kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon kafa da dama kamar haka baldock Town FC a shekara ta 1998.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Abbey, Zema}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] iubqxe3dbb39e4e38cxs8rd6pnuya1e 0 4216 891809 442081 2026-08-05T23:14:47Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tom Alderson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1909 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1962) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Alderson, Tom}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] Tom Alderson (1909–1962) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ya yi suna a shekarun 1920 da 1930. Ya kasance yana taka leda a matsayin inside left, wato ɗan wasan gaba mai karkata zuwa hagu, matsayin da ke haɗa ƙirƙirar damar cin ƙwallo da kuma zura ƙwallaye. A lokacin da yake taka leda, an san shi da ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa ƙwallo, iya wuce ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa abokan wasansa. Haihuwa da rayuwarsa An haifi Tom Alderson a shekara ta 1909 a garin West Auckland, cikin lardin Durham na Ingila. Ya taso a yankin da ƙwallon ƙafa ta kasance sanannen wasa, abin da ya sa ya fara sha'awar buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rasu a shekara ta 1962, yana da kimanin shekaru 53. Farkon aikinsa Tom Alderson ya fara taka leda da ƙungiyar West Auckland, inda ya nuna ƙwarewarsa. Daga nan ya samu damar shiga wasu ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na Ingila, yana ci gaba da bunƙasa a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ƙungiyoyin da ya wakilta A tsawon rayuwarsa ta wasa, ya taka leda a ƙungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da: West Auckland Bradford City Cockfield Huddersfield Town A.F.C. Leeds United F.C. Luton Town F.C. Darlington F.C. Chester F.C. Nasarorin da ya samu A lokacin da yake tare da Leeds United, ya buga wasanni a Gasar Football League kuma ya ci ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci. Bayan nan ya koma Luton Town, inda ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewarsa. Mafi tsawon lokacin da ya yi wasa ya kasance a Darlington, inda ya buga wasanni sama da 150 kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar da ƙwallaye da dama. Salon wasansa Tom Alderson ya kasance ɗan wasa mai fasaha da hazaƙa. Ya iya riƙe ƙwallo, yin wucewa masu inganci da kuma cin ƙwallaye. Saboda haka, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gaba a ƙananan da matsakaitan ƙungiyoyin Ingila a zamaninsa. Gadonsa Ko da yake bai taka leda a ƙungiyar ƙasar Ingila ba kuma bai samu shahara irin ta manyan taurarin zamaninsa ba, Tom Alderson ya bar tarihi mai kyau a ƙwallon ƙafar Ingila. Ana tunawa da shi saboda jajircewarsa, ƙoƙarinsa da gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyoyin da ya wakilta. Tom Alderson na daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafar Ingila a farkon ƙarni na ashirin, kuma sunansa yana ci gaba da bayyana a tarihin ƙungiyoyin da ya buga wa wasa. k627jfs72snbzv2yni92n0bqasnd5hm 0 4558 891687 272690 2026-08-05T13:19:53Z Baffa ali 47435 891687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alec Ashworth''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1939 - ya mutu a shekara ta 1995) ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na [[ƙasar Ingila]]. Yana da mukami da kwarewa a inside forward .{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1939]] [[category:Mutuwan 1995]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ashworth, Alec}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] cgpthc2li0fuymcg2isjopp1imvf9qv 0 4686 891940 471969 2026-08-06T08:19:32Z Baffa ali 47435 891940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Ken_Armstrong_(1947).png|thumb|right|250px|Ken Armstrong a shekara ta 1947.]] [[File:FC_Chelsea_squad_(09-11-1947).png |thumb|Tawagar su ta kungiyar FC''' Chelsea]] '''Ken Armstrong''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1924 sannan ya mutu a shekara ta 1984) shi ne dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Ken}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] soczi1uwml8llrm6imviqm2psymin44 0 6177 891987 879585 2026-08-06T10:15:37Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sokoto Sultanate.png|thumb|sokoto Sultan]] '''Sakkwato:''' Babban birni ne wanda ke yankin arewa maso yammacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]], kusa da [[Haduwa|mahadar]] [[Sokoto (kogi)|Kogin, Sakkwato]] da Rima, Kamar yadda a shekara ta 2006 jahar na da kananan hukumomi m23 wanda ya ke ɗauke da gundumomi 244, da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin 427,760. Sakkwato ita ce babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jahar Sakkwato ta zamani]] kuma a baya ita ce babban birnin jihar arewa maso yamman Nijeriya. == Yanayi: == .Haka zalika sakkwato tana daga cikin jihohinda suke samarwada Nigeria albasa, tafarnuwa, kwalin kura, Kara's,da dai sauran kayan noman Rani da damina. Fadamace ta kusan kewaye garinnna sakkwato da kuma sahara ta bangaren Niger Rifubilic.<ref name="sokoto-description" /> .sokoto tana da manyan makarantu kamar haka. .Shehu Shagari College of Education Umaru Aliyu Shinkafi polytechnic .Usmanu Danfodiyo university Sokoto State University University Of Education Sultan Abdulrahaman School Of Health Technology Gwadabawa Sokoto State School Of Nursing . .Hakka zalika sakkwato tana da kamfanunuwa da Ake ha baka tattalin arzikin jihar dasu musamman kamfanin siminti wato sakkwato siminti dake wamakko lokal gamman. Sakkwato tana kuma da yanayi mai zafi saboda tana da rairayi. Tare da yawan zafin jiki na shekara {{Convert|28.3|°C|°F|1}}, Sakkwato na ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi kowane zafi a Najeriya, duk da haka matsakaicin yanayin rana gaba ɗaya bai wuce {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} mafi yawan shekara, kuma bushewar tana sa a iya ɗaukar zafi.<ref name="sokoto-description">{{Cite web}}</ref> Watanni masu zafi sune Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, inda zafin rana zai iya wuce 40 ° C. Mafi yawan zafin jiki da aka rubuta shi ne 45 ° C. .wasu daga cikin sanannu mutane a garinnna sokoto. .tsoho Dan amale, [[File:Sokoto State Nigeria.png|thumb|map na jihar Sokoto a Nigeria ]][[File:Aminu WAziri Tambuwal.jpg|thumb|gomnar jihar Sokoto a yanzu. ]][[File:Sookoto Sultanate palace.jpg|thumb|fadar sarkin musulmin kenan dake Sokoto a Nigeria ]][[File:Front of Sokoto Sultan Palce.jpg|thumb|gaban fadar sarkin musulmin dake Sokoto a Najeriya ]][[File:Secretary Meets With Religious Leaders in Sokoto, Nigeria (29176258455).jpg|thumb|<nowiki>Sarkin Musulmin Na || da gomna aminu waziri Tambuwal Da secretary a jihar Sokoto. </nowiki>]]. zamson, .annasiyya, * [[Sokoto (birni)]]. *[[Sokoto (jiha)]]. *[[Sokoto (kogi)]] == Bibiliyo; == * Bello, Ahmadu, Sir, a shekara ta (1910) zuwa shekara ta 1966. (1999). ''Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto: his thoughts and vision in his own words : selected speeches and letters of the great leader''. Nchi, Suleiman Ismaila., Mohammed, Samai̕la Abdullahi. Makurdi: Oracle. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-34637-2-1|978-34637-2-1]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 44137937. * ·Bello, Ahmadu, Sir, 1910-1966. (2009). ''Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, late Premier of Northern Nigeria : selected speeches and quotes, 1953-1966''. Kaduna, Nigeria: Sir Ahmadu Bello Memorial Foundation. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-49000-1-0|978-978-49000-1-0]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 696220895. *·        ''The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004''. Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood. (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. <nowiki>ISBN 978-135-166-7</nowiki>. OCLC 156890366. *·        ''Sardauna media coverage, 1950-1966 : His Excellency Sir Ahmadu Bello ... Sardauna of Sokoto, late Premier of Northern NigeriaISBN978-978-49000-2-7OCLC696110889'' *·        ''Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate : historical and sociological perspectivesISBN0-521-21069-0OCLC2371710'' == Duba Kuma: == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]]. * [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]]. * [[Cement in Africa|Siminti a Africa]]. * [[Makera Assada]]. == Manazarta; == {{reflist}} [[Category: garuruwan Hausawa]] [[Category:Jihohin Najeriya]] l78g0ll640uy5saayo179zcb0d89m0v 891988 891987 2026-08-06T10:15:48Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sokoto Sultanate.png|thumb|sokoto Sultan]] '''Sakkwato:''' Babban birni ne wanda ke yankin arewa maso yammacin [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]], kusa da [[Haduwa|mahadar]] [[Sokoto (kogi)|Kogin, Sakkwato]] da Rima, Kamar yadda a shekara ta 2006 jahar na da kananan hukumomi m23 wanda ya ke ɗauke da gundumomi 244, da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin 427,760. Sakkwato ita ce babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|jahar Sakkwato ta zamani]] kuma a baya ita ce babban birnin jihar arewa maso yamman Nijeriya. == Yanayi: == .Haka zalika sakkwato tana daga cikin jihohinda suke samarwada Nigeria albasa, tafarnuwa, kwalin kura, Kara's,da dai sauran kayan noman Rani da damina. Fadamace ta kusan kewaye garinnna sakkwato da kuma sahara ta bangaren Niger Rifubilic.<ref name="sokoto-description" /> .sokoto tana da manyan makarantu kamar haka. .Shehu Shagari College of Education Umaru Aliyu Shinkafi polytechnic .Usmanu Danfodiyo university Sokoto State University University Of Education Sultan Abdulrahaman School Of Health Technology Gwadabawa Sokoto State School Of Nursing . .Hakka zalika kuma sakkwato tana da kamfanunuwa da Ake ha baka tattalin arzikin jihar dasu musamman kamfanin siminti wato sakkwato siminti dake wamakko lokal gamman. Sakkwato tana kuma da yanayi mai zafi saboda tana da rairayi. Tare da yawan zafin jiki na shekara {{Convert|28.3|°C|°F|1}}, Sakkwato na ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi kowane zafi a Najeriya, duk da haka matsakaicin yanayin rana gaba ɗaya bai wuce {{Convert|40|°C|°F|1}} mafi yawan shekara, kuma bushewar tana sa a iya ɗaukar zafi.<ref name="sokoto-description">{{Cite web}}</ref> Watanni masu zafi sune Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu, inda zafin rana zai iya wuce 40 ° C. Mafi yawan zafin jiki da aka rubuta shi ne 45 ° C. .wasu daga cikin sanannu mutane a garinnna sokoto. .tsoho Dan amale, [[File:Sokoto State Nigeria.png|thumb|map na jihar Sokoto a Nigeria ]][[File:Aminu WAziri Tambuwal.jpg|thumb|gomnar jihar Sokoto a yanzu. ]][[File:Sookoto Sultanate palace.jpg|thumb|fadar sarkin musulmin kenan dake Sokoto a Nigeria ]][[File:Front of Sokoto Sultan Palce.jpg|thumb|gaban fadar sarkin musulmin dake Sokoto a Najeriya ]][[File:Secretary Meets With Religious Leaders in Sokoto, Nigeria (29176258455).jpg|thumb|<nowiki>Sarkin Musulmin Na || da gomna aminu waziri Tambuwal Da secretary a jihar Sokoto. </nowiki>]]. zamson, .annasiyya, * [[Sokoto (birni)]]. *[[Sokoto (jiha)]]. *[[Sokoto (kogi)]] == Bibiliyo; == * Bello, Ahmadu, Sir, a shekara ta (1910) zuwa shekara ta 1966. (1999). ''Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto: his thoughts and vision in his own words : selected speeches and letters of the great leader''. Nchi, Suleiman Ismaila., Mohammed, Samai̕la Abdullahi. Makurdi: Oracle. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-34637-2-1|978-34637-2-1]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 44137937. * ·Bello, Ahmadu, Sir, 1910-1966. (2009). ''Sir Ahmadu Bello, Sardauna of Sokoto, late Premier of Northern Nigeria : selected speeches and quotes, 1953-1966''. Kaduna, Nigeria: Sir Ahmadu Bello Memorial Foundation. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-49000-1-0|978-978-49000-1-0]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 696220895. *·        ''The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004''. Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood. (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. <nowiki>ISBN 978-135-166-7</nowiki>. OCLC 156890366. *·        ''Sardauna media coverage, 1950-1966 : His Excellency Sir Ahmadu Bello ... Sardauna of Sokoto, late Premier of Northern NigeriaISBN978-978-49000-2-7OCLC696110889'' *·        ''Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate : historical and sociological perspectivesISBN0-521-21069-0OCLC2371710'' == Duba Kuma: == * [[Daular Sokoto|Khalifancin Sakkwato]]. * [[Usman Dan Fodiyo|Usman dan Fodio]]. * [[Cement in Africa|Siminti a Africa]]. * [[Makera Assada]]. == Manazarta; == {{reflist}} [[Category: garuruwan Hausawa]] [[Category:Jihohin Najeriya]] hd6eiqwtjvp2cv5le8kjjnwamqtbit6 0 6643 891996 711510 2026-08-06T10:20:09Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mohammedcar.jpg|thumb|motar da aka yiwa Janar Murtala kisan gilla]] [[Fayil:Gen. Murtalar Muhammed.jpg|thumb|janar murtalar muhammed]] '''Janar Murtala Muhammad''' (An haifeshi a cikin garin [[Kano]], ranar takwas 8 ga watan Nuwanban shekara ta alif ɗari tara da talatin da takwas 1938 AC) dake ƙasar [[Hausa]] arewacin[[Najeriya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://punchng.com/no-plan-to-leave-nigeria-says-exxonmobil/%3Famp&ved=2ahUKEwjc56S1xvaGAxU4a0EAHUu7CSEQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1n0lOVs4IocoZEY_trEhBD</nowiki></ref> (a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://mmfnigeria.org/portfolio-item/mrs-ajoke-muhammed-vice-chairman/ |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720105546/http://mmfnigeria.org/portfolio-item/mrs-ajoke-muhammed-vice-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yayi makarantar sa ne a makarantar da ake kira Royal Military Academy Sandhurst dake [[Kwalejin Barewa]].<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://dailytrust.com/after-101-years-new-challenges-stare-barewa-college-in-the-face/&ved=2ahUKEwiAn5_3xvaGAxVTQfEDHVivANwQxfQBKAB6BAgJEAI&usg=AOvVaw1FGgyoIPxA2N4R4r9quW0J</nowiki></ref> Murtala Muhammad yana da ƴan'uwa wanda ya haɗa da Balarabe Ramlat Yakubu. Janar Murtala Muhammad ya kasan ce yana jin yaruka biyu zuwa uku wanda suka hada da [[Hausa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://itweb.africa/amp/content/GxwQD71Dd5evlPVo&ved=2ahUKEwifkoCgx_aGAxWpRPEDHWBvCm8QyM8BKAB6BAgFEAI&usg=AOvVaw3wBv_Hn-9zW82zuNZHlD1n</nowiki></ref>,[[Turanci]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.thisisanfield.com/2024/06/whats-taking-so-long-virgil-van-dijks-damning-assessment-of-english-refs/&ved=2ahUKEwinzJS8x_aGAxVDBtsEHT7kCdQQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw15ihvG5laeZrP8NCiazT5g</nowiki></ref> da kuma Yaren [[Pidgin na Najeriya|Pidgins]] na Najeriya. Murtala Muhammad yana da [[Sana’a|Sana'a]] guda biyu Wanda ya haɗa da [[Soja]] kuma shi [[Ɗan siyasa|dan Siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1598860-2027-shehu-sani-ya-bayyana-matakin-da-yan-siyasar-arewa-suka-dauka-domin-kayar-da-tinubu/&ved=2ahUKEwjUi7z0x_aGAxXDSvEDHbrLB-UQxfQBKAB6BAgOEAI&usg=AOvVaw2_TV93VC88CJLo91rkzAvh</nowiki></ref> ne. A fannin Soja Murtala Muhammad ya kasan ce sojan ƙasa. Murtala Muhammad yakai muƙamin Janar a cikin gidan sojan ƙasa. == Addini == Murtala Muhammad ya kasan ce Bahaushe ne kuma [[Musulunci|Musulmi]] ne, baya ga haka kuma Murtala Muhammad ya kasan ce shugaba na kowa dake cikin ƙasar Najeriya, wanda baya nuna bamban ci a tsakanin yare ko Addini ga duk mutanan ƙasar Najeriya. Hakan yasa ko [[Soja]] bashi dashi me kula ko ace me take masa baya, hakan ne yabawa 'yan kudu dama suka haɗa kai da [[Buka Suka Dimka]] Suka dinga binshi har masallaci bayan ya idar da sallah da kuma addu'o'in sa yana fitowa ya harbe shi da bindiga a hanyar shi ta komawa gida. Murtala Muhammad ya mutu ne a cikin garin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] dake tarayyar Najeriya a ranar (13) ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar alif ɗari tara da saba'in da shida (1976). An kashe Murtala Muhammad ne bayan sallar asuba kuma an harbe shi ne da bindiga bayan ya fito masallaci a hanyar sa ta komawa gidan sa dake cikin garin Legas inda wani da ake kira Buka Suka Dimka ya harbe shi da bindiga. Wanda harbin bindigar yayi sanadiyyar ajalin sa har lahira Wanda da dama mutanen Najeriya sunyi jimamin rashin sa da akayi tare da yin Allah wadai da kisan gillar da aka yi masa. Allah ya jiƙan shi da Rahama ya kuma gafarta masa kura kuran sa baki ɗaya amin summa amin. == Mutuwa== Murtala Muhammad ya mutu/rasu ne sanadiyar harbin sa da akayi da bindiga a shekara ta alif 1976. Murtala ya kasan ce shugaban ƙasar Nijeriya ne daga watan Yuni shekara ta alif 1975 zuwa watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1976, bayan [[Yakubu Gowon|Yakubu Gawon]]-kafin [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] ya karɓi mulki). ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed, Murtala}} [[category:Haifaffun 1938]] [[category:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Category:Shuwagabannin kasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Sojoji]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Kano]] 2mket0g531f5vkaxkurqwplunph4k76 0 8367 891925 564966 2026-08-06T07:35:39Z Baffa ali 47435 891925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Gold-Coast-Skyline-at-Night.jpg|thumb|Gold Coast]] '''Gold Coast''' birni ne, da ke a ƙasar [[Asturaliya]]. Gold Coast yana da yawan jama'a 638,090, bisa ga jimillar 2016. An gina birnin Gold Coast a ƙarshen [[karni]] na sha tara bayan haifuwan [[annabi Isa]].<ref>"2021 [[Gold Coast]], Census All persons QuickStats | [[Australia|Australian]] Bureau of Statistics". abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.</ref> sunada a siyasarsu kamar Haka Tom Tate .{{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Gold_coast_skyline.jpg|Birnin Gold coast File:Towers_of_Chevron_Renaissance_in_the_GC_HWY.jpg|Chevron Renaissance hasumiya uku da ake iya kallo daga babbar hanyar Gold Coast File:Burleigh_Heads_beach_1990s.jpg|Burleigh Heads Gold coast, a cikin 1990s File:Burleigh_Heads_beach_1930s.jpg|Burleigh Heads Gold coast a cikin 1930s File:Hedges_Avenue_in_Broad_Beach.jpg File:Elkhorn_Avenue_at_throwing_a_stone_distance_to_the_beach.jpg|Wurin taro na Elkhorn </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Biranen Asturaliya]] s4euz0l9kpw65gke20fdpqmcfg27wc9 0 9125 891682 869382 2026-08-05T13:14:47Z Baffa ali 47435 891682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Muhammad Idris at Bama and Gwoza DURUMI IDP CAMP NIGERIA.jpg|thumb|Gwoza]] Gwoza birni ne da kuma karamar hukuma a Jihar Borno, Najeriya. Garin kan iyaka ne "kimanin kilomita 135 Kudu maso Gabashin Maiduguri."<ref>"Boko Haram Attacked Christians, Burns 100 Churches At Nigerian-Cameroon Border". NaijaGists.com. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2015</ref> Lambar akwatin gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 610.<ref>"Post Offices-with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2009.</ref> Tsawon yankin yana da duwatsu da tuddai.<ref>"Scores killed in attack in northeast Nigeria". Al Jazeera English. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> Tsaunin Gwoza, mai tsayin kusan mita 1300 sama da matakin teku yana ba da kyawawan wurare kuma ya ƙunshi tsaunukan Mandara, waɗanda ke samar da shinge na halitta tsakanin Najeriya da Kamaru, tun daga Pulka. Suna kallon wuraren ajiyar namun daji ta hanyar juyawa zuwa Mubi da kuma bayan haka a Jihar Adamawa.<ref>Bodunrin Kayode (29 April 2014). "Inside Nigeria's Sambisa forest, the Boko Haram hideout where kidnapped school girls are believed to be held". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2015.</ref> An kira karamar hukumar Gwoza da "mafaka mai suna ga 'yan Boko Haram,"<ref>"Why has Borno become a stronghold of terror in Nigeria?". Deutsche Welle. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.</ref> waɗanda suka isa yankin a shekarar 2009 daga Maiduguri.[6] Yankin ya fuskanci tashin hankali mai yawa sakamakon rikicin da ya barke a Najeriya, kuma a shekarar 2qq014, an ga kwararar mayakan Boko Haram daga dajin Sambisa.[an yi hasashe] Ya zuwa ranar 23 ga watan Yunin 2014, "rahotannin sun nuna cewa an kai hari a duk fadin Gwoza. Ba za a iya tabbatar da gaskiyar rahoton ba saboda yawancin layukan waya a Gwoza da kauyukan da ke kewaye sun lalace sakamakon barna da 'yan ta'adda suka yi musu."<ref>"Nigeria: Three Soldiers Feared Killed As Bomber Hits Military Post". Daily Trust - allAfrica.com. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014</ref> Deutsche Welle ta ruwaito cewa "Hanyoyi daga yankin suna da matukar hatsari kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na waya ba su da kyau ko kuma babu su."<ref>"Boko Haram resists military offensive in Nigeria". Deutsche Welle. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Oktoban 2014, kimanin mazauna Gwoza 3,000 da fada ya raba da gidajensu suna "kwance a gefen Abuja", a cewar wani mai magana da yawun kwamitin agaji na yankin, inda "bukatar matsuguni, abinci, tufafi da magunguna ga wadanda rikicin ya shafa suma suka zama mummunan lamari."<ref>Terkula Igidi (19 October 2014). "Nigeria: From Gwoza Killing Field to Misery in Abuja". Daily Trust - allAfrica.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.</ref> A ranar 27 ga Maris 2015, kwana daya kafin zaben shugaban Najeriya, Rundunar Sojin Najeriya ta sanar da cewa ta kwace garin Gwoza daga hannun Boko <ref>"Boko Haram HQ Gwoza in Nigeria 'retaken'". BBC News. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.</ref>Haram.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices-with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|access-date=20 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx|archive-date=26 November 2012}}</ref> sannan ga gangar majalisa :Gwoza legislative . == Tarihi == A watan Afrilun 2014, mazauna karamar hukumar Gwoza sun ba da rahoton cewa 'yan Boko Haram da ke tserewa daga dajin Sambisa sun koma garuruwansu a kan babura, "an gansu a kauyukan Patawe, Fadagwe, Wala, Uvaha, Gatha, Jige, Waraabe da Ngoshe". An haramta babura a duk fadin jihar Borno tsawon kusan shekaru biyu, kuma ba kasafai ake amfani da su ga 'yan Boko Haram ba.<ref>"Boko Haram fleeing to Gwoza villages". Daily Independent. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> A cewar dan majalisar wakilai, Hon. Peter Biye Gumtha, tun farkon hare-haren Boko Haram, "an lalata coci-coci sama da 200 gaba daya, wanda ya bar coci-coci 8 kacal a duk yankin majalisar Gwoza." Tun daga watan Janairun 2014, Biye shine "ɗan majalisar wakilai ta Kirista tilo daga jihar Borno."<ref>Maina Maina (12 January 2014). "Gwoza: Over 200 churches burnt down in two years". Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> Ya ce: "Abin da ke faruwa a mazabarmu abin takaici ne kuma abin tsoro ne. 'Yan ta'adda suna kashe mutane a kullum, ana kona coci-coci, kuma idan mutane irina wanda shi ma memba ne na Kwamitin Sojoji na Majalisar, suka sanar da hukumomin soja bisa ga rahotannin leƙen asiri cewa 'yan ta'adda za su kai hari a ƙauyena, kuma ba a yi komai don kare yankin ba, to abin takaici ne, domin talakawan da ke zaune a yankunan da ke cikin tashin hankali ba su da aminci kuma jami'an tsaronmu ba su da kariya.[2] A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2014, an kashe sarkin gargajiya, Sarkin Gwoza, Idrissa Timta, bayan an sace shi tare da abokin aikinsa, Sarkin Uba, Ismaila Mamza, ta hannun 'yan bindiga, a Hawul LGA.<ref>Ola' Audu (30 May 2014). "Nigeria: Emir of Gwoza Killed After Abduction By Boko Haram". Premium Times - AllAfrica. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref><ref>Olanrewaju, Timothy (1 June 2014). "Tears as slain Emir of Gwoza is buried". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref><ref>Marama, Ndahi (31 May 2014). "Boko Haram attacks three Emirs, kills one". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 23 June 2014.</ref> "An yi wa ayarin motocinsa kwanton bauna yayin da yake kan hanyar zuwa jana'izar abokin aikinsa da ya mutu, Sarkin Gombe, Alhaji Shehu Abubakar."<ref>Kareem Haruna; Bayo Oladeji (31 May 2014). "How Gunmen Killed Emir Of Gwoza". Leadership. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> Gwamna Kashim Shettima na Borno Jihar ta yi tafiya zuwa Gwoza, tare da rakiyar sojoji masu yawa, don yin gaisuwar ƙarshe ga Sarkin Gwoza. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2014, an sanya hanyar Maiduguri zuwa Bama zuwa Gwoza a matsayin "yankin da ba a yarda a je ba" saboda "yanayin tsaro da ba a zata ba". Wani ɗan jarida da ke rakiyar Sarkin ya ƙidaya "garuruwa, ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka 16 waɗanda suka yi kaura gaba ɗaya a kan hanyar mai tsawon kilomita 135." A cikin jawabinsa, Gwamna Shettima ya bayyana marigayi Shehu Idrissa Timta a matsayin "mutumin da ya fi yin amfani da mafi yawan lokacin mulkinsa yana wa'azin zaman lafiya da haƙuri."<ref>Ndahi Marama (2 June 2014). "Fear of Boko Haram: Eminent persons shun late Gwoza monarch's burial". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yunin 2014, ɗan Idrissa Timta, Muhammad Timta, (wanda aka fi sani da Alhaji Muhammad Shehu) ya zama sabon Sarkin Gwoza. Ya "yi alƙawarin haɗa kai da ƙarfafa dangantaka tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai a yankin."<ref>"Borno: Gwoza Gets New Emir". INFORMATION NIGERIA. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref><ref>"Borno govt. presents letter of appointment to new Emir of Gwoza". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yunin 2014, a wani lamari da ake kira kisan kiyashin Gwoza, "An ruwaito cewa an kashe ƙauye sama da 300 a cikin al'ummomi uku da ke kewaye da ƙaramar hukumar Gwoza." "'Yan bindiga da ake zargi 'yan Boko Haram ne suka kai hari a yankin Jihar Borno."<ref>Abdullah Umar (5 June 2014). "Gwoza Under Siege - Boko Haram Kills 300, Wipes Out Three Villages". Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> "'Yan bindigar sun isa a cikin motocin daukar kaya kirar Toyota Hilux - wata mota ce ta sojoji - kuma sun shaida wa fararen hula cewa sojoji ne a wurin don kare al'ummar yankin ... An ruwaito cewa 'yan bindigar sun tara mutane a tsakiyar kauyukan suka yi musu harbi. Yayin da mutane ke kokarin tserewa, 'yan bindiga a kan babura sun jira a wajen kauyukan suka kai musu hari."[8] A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2014, kakakin wata kungiyar shugabannin addini da siyasa a karamar hukumar Gwoza, Dr Asabe Vilita, (wanda kuma shi ne Kwamishinan Kasuwanci da Zuba Jari na Borno), ya ce: "Muna so mu bayyana karara cewa babu barkewar yakin addini a cikin al'ummominmu a Gwoza kamar yadda ake hasashe, musamman a shafukan sada zumunta. Abin da mutanenmu ke fuskanta shi ne harin 'yan tawaye da ta'addanci. Ko da yake wani lokacin mutane suna samun rashin jituwa saboda rudanin da hare-haren da ake kai wa a yankuna daban-daban suka haifar, mutanenmu sun gano 'yan bindigar a matsayin abokan gaba na gama gari kuma sun yanke shawarar hada kai wajen yakar su." Ta ce an kori mutane 1,290 daga gidajensu, kuma "yawancin mutane sun gudu zuwa Maiduguri", inda aka kafa sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira uku. A cewar Vilita, "a halin yanzu ana tsare da al'ummomi hudu daga cikin shida da ke Gwoza East daga hannun 'yan tawayen": Ngoshe, Agapalwa, Ashigashiya da Cikide.<ref>"Community leaders deny raging religious war in Gwoza". The Punch. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014</ref><ref>Iorakpen Ishu-Josef (9 June 2014). "No religious war in Gwoza". Nigerian Pilot. Retrieved 29 June 2014.</ref> A ranar 22 ga Yuni 2014, An ce 'yan tawayen sun kwace mafi yawan yankunan Gwoza ciki har da garuruwan Pulka da Kirawa, wanda ya tilasta wa mazauna tserewa zuwa ƙauyukan Mura da Marwa da ke makwabtaka da Kamaru, kimanin kilomita 75 daga kan iyakokin Najeriya.<ref>Ola' Audu. "Boko Haram sacks residents of Bama, Gwoza in Borno". Premium Times. Retrieved 28 June 2014.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta 2014, Boko Haram ta yi ikirarin cewa ta kafa daular Musulunci a garin Gwoza. A watan Disamba na 2014, Boko Haram ta sace mutane 185 a yankin kauyen Gumburi. An kuma ruwaito cewa "an kama mutanen da suka tsufa sosai don su tsere daga yankin karamar hukumar Gwoza kuma an kai su makarantu biyu inda 'yan tawayen suka bude musu wuta." An kashe sama da tsofaffi 50.[25] An fitar da wani "bidiyo mai cike da rudani" na masu tayar da kayar baya suna harbin fararen hula sama da ɗari a ɗakin kwanan dalibai a garin Bama.[26] A watan Maris na 2015, an ruwaito cewa sojojin Najeriya sun sake kwace garin Gwoza daga hannun sojojin Boko Haram.[10][27] A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2024, akalla mutane 32 ne suka mutu a hare-haren da ake kyautata zaton 'yan kunar bakin wake mata ne suka kai a Gwoza.[28][29] ==Gundumomin karamar hukumar Gwoza== *Hausari *Gadamayo *Hambagda *Dlimankara *Jaje *Blablai ==Yaruka== Yaren Kanuri, yaren Cineni ,yaren ede,Yaren avda,yaren Guduf-Gava, Gvoko yaren Lamang, yaren Mafa Language da kuma yaren Waja. duka anayinsu a cikin karamar hukumar Gwoza. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gwoza}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Borno]] i7ijocyxryzmdd745polvnof14u1ae3 0 9132 891977 876242 2026-08-06T10:10:06Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Barth 1857 Dendal in Kukawa.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Barth 1857 Dendal in Kukawa]] '''Kukawa''' ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a [[jihar Borno]] [[Nijeriya]]. ==Tarihi== An kafa Kukawa da sunan Kuka a shekarar 1814 ta hannun Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, shugaban sojoji kuma malamin addini wanda ke hidimar Daular Kanem-Bornu.<ref>Gronenborn, Detlef (2001). "Kanem-Borno: A Brief Summary of the History and Archaeology of an Empire of the Central bilad al-sudan". West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives. Bloomsbury. p. 119. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4742-9104-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Kemper, Steve (2012). Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 137–152. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-393-07966-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":1">Ladan, Usman (2018). "Twin cities in African history: A comparative analysis of the 19th and 20th century capitals of Borno". Twin Cities: Urban Communities, Borders and Relationships over Time. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-351-59868-2</nowiki>.</ref> Al-Kanemi yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan mulkin kama karya na daular, bayan ya sami dukiya mai yawa da kuma fiefs da yawa ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsa na yaƙi da jihadin Fula.<ref name=":0">Brenner, Louis (1973). The Shehus of Kukawa: a history of the Al-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu. Clarendon Press. pp. 30–36, 48–53, 64–66, 70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-821681-0</nowiki>.</ref> Saukarsa daga tsohon kujerarsa (Ngurno) zuwa sabuwar Kuka ta zo daidai da ɗaukar ra'ayi mai zaman kansa ga sarkin daular (mai), Dunama IX Lefiami.[4] Al-Kanemi ya ɗauki salon shehu ("sheikh") a kusan lokaci guda.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Cohen, Ronald; Brenner, Louis (1974). Ajayi, J.F.A.; Crowder, Michael (eds.). Bornu in the nineteenth century, in History of West Africa, Volume Two. Great Britain: Longman Group Ltd. pp. 102–104. <nowiki>ISBN 0231037384</nowiki>.</ref> Kuka shine ƙarshen ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci na ketare Sahara zuwa Tripoli a bakin tekun Bahar Rum.<ref>J. D. Fage, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 9780521228039</nowiki>. Retrieved June 3, 2014.</ref> Sunan Kuka (ko Kaoukaou) shine sunan Kanuri na baobab na Afirka,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kuka" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge</ref> wanda ya girma sosai a ƙauyukan da ke kewaye.<ref name=":2" /> Amfani da sunan wurin zama na zamani ya haifar da rudani, tun lokacin da Muhammad al-Idrisi (ƙarni na 12) da Ibn Khaldun (ƙarni na 14) suka ambaci manyan garuruwa guda biyu masu suna Kaou Kaou, ɗaya daga cikinsu tana kusa da Kukawa ta zamani.<ref name=":2" /> Al-Kanemi da ɗansa kuma magajinsa Umar Kura sun ƙara ƙarfinsu a farkon ƙarni na 19, wanda ya ɓatar da mais. A shekara ta 1846, mai Ibrahim IV Lefiami ya yi ƙoƙarin sake tabbatar da ikonsa na gargajiya a kan Umar Kura.<ref name=":0" /> Ibrahim ya sami goyon bayan yaƙin basasar da ya biyo baya daga Sultanate na Wadai, wanda sojojinsa suka kama suka lalata Kuka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> An kayar da Ibrahim da ɗansa Ali V Minargema a ƙarshe. Bayan haka, Umar Kura ya kwace iko ɗaya tilo a kan daular; babban birnin mais, Kafela, aka lalata Kuka, kuma Kuka, a matsayin mazaunin Umar Kura, ya koma sabon babban birnin daular.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan ya tabbatar da ikonsa, Umar Kura ya sake gina Kuka. An sake gina matsugunin a matsayin garuruwa biyu,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> an raba shi da kusan rabin mil na ƙasa mai buɗewa kuma kowannensu an kewaye shi da katanga ta fari.<ref name=":1" /> Wannan na iya zama dalilin da ya sa aka san garin da Kukawa (jam'in Kuka).[7] An san sassan biyu na Kukawa da Kuka Futebe ("Garin Yamma") da Kuka Gedibe ("Garin Gabas").[8]: 125  Shehu da "sauran mutane masu muhimmanci" suna zaune a garin gabas.[8]: 109  An sanya wa sararin da ke raba garuruwan biyu suna gemzegenyi (ma'ana ba a sani ba).[3] Ba a san dalilin da ya sa Umar Kura ya sake gina Kuka a matsayin garuruwa biyu ba; Kukawa ita ce kawai cibiyar kafin mulkin mallaka a Borno da aka gina ta wannan hanyar.[3] Dalilan na iya kasancewa a cikin Umar Kura yana son inganta tsaron kansa, ko kuma don ƙara bambancin aji tsakanin talakawa da manyan mutane.[3] Garuruwan da aka sake ginawa suna da gidaje da yawa, rijiyoyi, kasuwanni, da kuma fadace-fadace. Duk yankin yana kewaye da katangar laka mai tsayin ƙafa 20 (mita 6). Baya ga garuruwan biyu, wannan katangar ta kuma kewaye ƙananan ƙauyuka da gonaki da dama, da kuma makabarta.[3] A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Kukawa tana da yawan jama'a tsakanin 60,000[3] zuwa 200,000.[9] Garin ya yi arziki a matsayin cibiyar ayarin motoci da kuma wurin tsayawa ga mahajjata daga yamma da kudu a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Makka.[7] Mai binciken Jamusanci Heinrich Barth ya ziyarci Kukawa a shekara ta 1851 wanda ya yi tafiya daga Tripoli yana neman buɗe kasuwanci da Turai da kuma bincika Afirka,[2] kuma a shekara ta 1892 mai binciken Faransa Parfait-Louis Monteil, wanda ke duba iyakokin da ke tsakanin yankunan Yammacin Afirka da aka bai wa Faransa da Birtaniya ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Berlin.[10] A shekarar 1892/1893, jarumin yaƙin Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr ya mamaye Daular Kanem-Bornu.[11] Rabih ya ci sojojin Kanem-Bornu ya kuma kama ya kuma lalata Kukawa a watan Mayu na 1893;[3] an wawashe garin aka kuma ƙone shi[12] kuma aka kashe mutanensa, aka bauta musu, ko kuma aka tarwatsa su.[13] Rabih ya yi wani lokaci a Kukawa amma daga baya ya zauna a Dikwa a matsayin sabon babban birninsa saboda ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa da samar da ruwa ga Dikwa.[11] Tarihin baya (1893–yanzu) Kazamin Gonaki a Kukawa, 1900 Yayin da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Najeriya ke ci gaba, an yi niyyar sake gina Kukawa a farkon ƙarni na 20 don zama mazaunin Shehu Abubakar Garbai, zuriyar Shehu na baya kuma shugaban "Borno ta Burtaniya".[12][14] A shekarar 1903, Abubakar Garbai ya zauna a cikin baraguzan Kukawa,[14] ya mayar da shi garin sojoji na Turawa,[15] kuma Frederick Lugard ya zuba jari a wurin a matsayin shehu a shekarar 1904.[12] Akwai matsaloli da dama da aikin. Kukawa ba ta sake kasancewa a kan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci ba[12] kuma ba ta da isasshen ruwa.[14] Wurin ya lalace a shekarun da suka gabata tun bayan mamayar Rabih kuma a wannan lokacin bai wuce "babban filin masara guda ɗaya ba",[12] yana da nisan da ba shi da daɗi daga manyan matsugunan da Birtaniya ke iko da su.[14] A shekarar 1907, Abubakar Garbai ya ƙaura da gidansa zuwa Yerwa (Maiduguri ta zamani).[12][14] Kukawa ya kasance ba a kula da shi ba tsawon shekaru da suka biyo baya. A shekarar 1931, wani baƙo na Turai [wa?] ya rubuta cewa Kukawa ta kasance kango kuma "ba ta da wani amfani", kuma wuri ne da "rugujewa suka fi gidaje yawa".[3] Tawayen Boko Haram A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Kukawa ta sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da rashin tsaro sakamakon ayyukan Boko Haram. Yankin ya fuskanci korar mutane da lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa.[16] Kokarin da sojojin Najeriya da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi na nufin dawo da zaman lafiya da kuma sake tsugunar da wadanda suka rasa matsugunansu.[17][18] A ranar 16 ga Janairu 2015, "shugaban riko na karamar hukumar Kukawa, Musa Alhaji Bukar Kukawa," wanda ke magana a madadin mazauna Kukawa wadanda suka yi hijira zuwa Maiduguri bayan kisan kiyashin Baga na 2015, "ya yi kira ga gwamnatin tarayya da ta kara kaimi wajen ayyukan soji domin su koma gidajensu."[19] An yi kisan kiyashi a Kukawa a watan Yulin 2015. Daruruwan 'yan Kukawa ne aka yi garkuwa da su a hannun Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) a watan Agustan 2020. Mutane miliyan biyu a Borno sun rasa gidajensu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata; da yawa suna rayuwa cikin mummunan yanayi a Maiduguri.[20] ==Geografiya== Kukawa tana cikin yankin Sahel na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, kusa da iyakar Chadi da yankin Tabkin Chadi. Yankin ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai laushi, zafi da ƙanƙantar ciyawa. Ana samun ruwan sama ne kawai daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba. ==Yawan Jama'a da Kabilu== A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta cikin shekara ta 2006, Kukawa na da yawan mutane kusan 203,864. Kabilar da ta fi yawa a yankin ita ce [[Kanuri]], sai wasu ƙananan kabilu da ke zaune a yankin. ==Tattalin Arziki== Tattalin arzikin Kukawa ya ta’allaka ne da noma, kiwo, da kuma kamun kifi. Saboda kusancinta da Tabkin Chadi, kamun kifi ya kasance sana'a ta dogaro da jama'a. Haka kuma, ana samun cinikayya tsakanin Najeriya da ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da ita kamar Chadi da Nijar. Sai dai a ‘yan shekarun baya, hare-haren ‘yan ta’adda na [[Boko Haram]] sun kawo cikas ga yawancin harkokin tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ya janyo tarin matsalolin jin kai da ƙaura daga yankin. == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Borno]] elfrwc9oi9to9dh84jmf8dplcewh8va 891978 891977 2026-08-06T10:10:38Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Barth 1857 Dendal in Kukawa.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Barth 1857 Dendal in Kukawa]] '''Kukawa''' ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a [[jihar Borno]] [[Nijeriya]]. ==Tarihi== An kafa Kukawa da sunan Kuka a shekarar 1814 ta hannun Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi, shugaban sojoji kuma malamin addini wanda ke hidimar Daular Kanem-Bornu.<ref>Gronenborn, Detlef (2001). "Kanem-Borno: A Brief Summary of the History and Archaeology of an Empire of the Central bilad al-sudan". West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives. Bloomsbury. p. 119. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4742-9104-0</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Kemper, Steve (2012). Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 137–152. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-393-07966-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":1">Ladan, Usman (2018). "Twin cities in African history: A comparative analysis of the 19th and 20th century capitals of Borno". Twin Cities: Urban Communities, Borders and Relationships over Time. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-351-59868-2</nowiki>.</ref> Al-Kanemi yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan mulkin kama karya na daular, bayan ya sami dukiya mai yawa da kuma fiefs da yawa ta hanyar ƙoƙarinsa na yaƙi da jihadin Fula.<ref name=":0">Brenner, Louis (1973). The Shehus of Kukawa: a history of the Al-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu. Clarendon Press. pp. 30–36, 48–53, 64–66, 70. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-821681-0</nowiki>.</ref> Saukarsa daga tsohon kujerarsa (Ngurno) zuwa sabuwar Kuka ta zo dai-dai da ɗaukar ra'ayi mai zaman kansa ga sarkin daular (mai), Dunama IX Lefiami.[4] Al-Kanemi ya ɗauki salon shehu ("sheikh") a kusan lokaci guda.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Cohen, Ronald; Brenner, Louis (1974). Ajayi, J.F.A.; Crowder, Michael (eds.). Bornu in the nineteenth century, in History of West Africa, Volume Two. Great Britain: Longman Group Ltd. pp. 102–104. <nowiki>ISBN 0231037384</nowiki>.</ref> Kuka shine ƙarshen ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci na ketare Sahara zuwa Tripoli a bakin tekun Bahar Rum.<ref>J. D. Fage, ed. (1985). The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. <nowiki>ISBN 9780521228039</nowiki>. Retrieved June 3, 2014.</ref> Sunan Kuka (ko Kaoukaou) shine sunan Kanuri na baobab na Afirka,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kuka" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge</ref> wanda ya girma sosai a ƙauyukan da ke kewaye.<ref name=":2" /> Amfani da sunan wurin zama na zamani ya haifar da rudani, tun lokacin da Muhammad al-Idrisi (ƙarni na 12) da Ibn Khaldun (ƙarni na 14) suka ambaci manyan garuruwa guda biyu masu suna Kaou Kaou, ɗaya daga cikinsu tana kusa da Kukawa ta zamani.<ref name=":2" /> Al-Kanemi da ɗansa kuma magajinsa Umar Kura sun ƙara ƙarfinsu a farkon ƙarni na 19, wanda ya ɓatar da mais. A shekara ta 1846, mai Ibrahim IV Lefiami ya yi ƙoƙarin sake tabbatar da ikonsa na gargajiya a kan Umar Kura.<ref name=":0" /> Ibrahim ya sami goyon bayan yaƙin basasar da ya biyo baya daga Sultanate na Wadai, wanda sojojinsa suka kama suka lalata Kuka.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> An kayar da Ibrahim da ɗansa Ali V Minargema a ƙarshe. Bayan haka, Umar Kura ya kwace iko ɗaya tilo a kan daular; babban birnin mais, Kafela, aka lalata Kuka, kuma Kuka, a matsayin mazaunin Umar Kura, ya koma sabon babban birnin daular.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan ya tabbatar da ikonsa, Umar Kura ya sake gina Kuka. An sake gina matsugunin a matsayin garuruwa biyu,<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> an raba shi da kusan rabin mil na ƙasa mai buɗewa kuma kowannensu an kewaye shi da katanga ta fari.<ref name=":1" /> Wannan na iya zama dalilin da ya sa aka san garin da Kukawa (jam'in Kuka).[7] An san sassan biyu na Kukawa da Kuka Futebe ("Garin Yamma") da Kuka Gedibe ("Garin Gabas").[8]: 125  Shehu da "sauran mutane masu muhimmanci" suna zaune a garin gabas.[8]: 109  An sanya wa sararin da ke raba garuruwan biyu suna gemzegenyi (ma'ana ba a sani ba).[3] Ba a san dalilin da ya sa Umar Kura ya sake gina Kuka a matsayin garuruwa biyu ba; Kukawa ita ce kawai cibiyar kafin mulkin mallaka a Borno da aka gina ta wannan hanyar.[3] Dalilan na iya kasancewa a cikin Umar Kura yana son inganta tsaron kansa, ko kuma don ƙara bambancin aji tsakanin talakawa da manyan mutane.[3] Garuruwan da aka sake ginawa suna da gidaje da yawa, rijiyoyi, kasuwanni, da kuma fadace-fadace. Duk yankin yana kewaye da katangar laka mai tsayin ƙafa 20 (mita 6). Baya ga garuruwan biyu, wannan katangar ta kuma kewaye ƙananan ƙauyuka da gonaki da dama, da kuma makabarta.[3] A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, Kukawa tana da yawan jama'a tsakanin 60,000[3] zuwa 200,000.[9] Garin ya yi arziki a matsayin cibiyar ayarin motoci da kuma wurin tsayawa ga mahajjata daga yamma da kudu a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa Makka.[7] Mai binciken Jamusanci Heinrich Barth ya ziyarci Kukawa a shekara ta 1851 wanda ya yi tafiya daga Tripoli yana neman buɗe kasuwanci da Turai da kuma bincika Afirka,[2] kuma a shekara ta 1892 mai binciken Faransa Parfait-Louis Monteil, wanda ke duba iyakokin da ke tsakanin yankunan Yammacin Afirka da aka bai wa Faransa da Birtaniya ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Berlin.[10] A shekarar 1892/1893, jarumin yaƙin Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr ya mamaye Daular Kanem-Bornu.[11] Rabih ya ci sojojin Kanem-Bornu ya kuma kama ya kuma lalata Kukawa a watan Mayu na 1893;[3] an wawashe garin aka kuma ƙone shi[12] kuma aka kashe mutanensa, aka bauta musu, ko kuma aka tarwatsa su.[13] Rabih ya yi wani lokaci a Kukawa amma daga baya ya zauna a Dikwa a matsayin sabon babban birninsa saboda ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa da samar da ruwa ga Dikwa.[11] Tarihin baya (1893–yanzu) Kazamin Gonaki a Kukawa, 1900 Yayin da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya a Najeriya ke ci gaba, an yi niyyar sake gina Kukawa a farkon ƙarni na 20 don zama mazaunin Shehu Abubakar Garbai, zuriyar Shehu na baya kuma shugaban "Borno ta Burtaniya".[12][14] A shekarar 1903, Abubakar Garbai ya zauna a cikin baraguzan Kukawa,[14] ya mayar da shi garin sojoji na Turawa,[15] kuma Frederick Lugard ya zuba jari a wurin a matsayin shehu a shekarar 1904.[12] Akwai matsaloli da dama da aikin. Kukawa ba ta sake kasancewa a kan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci ba[12] kuma ba ta da isasshen ruwa.[14] Wurin ya lalace a shekarun da suka gabata tun bayan mamayar Rabih kuma a wannan lokacin bai wuce "babban filin masara guda ɗaya ba",[12] yana da nisan da ba shi da daɗi daga manyan matsugunan da Birtaniya ke iko da su.[14] A shekarar 1907, Abubakar Garbai ya ƙaura da gidansa zuwa Yerwa (Maiduguri ta zamani).[12][14] Kukawa ya kasance ba a kula da shi ba tsawon shekaru da suka biyo baya. A shekarar 1931, wani baƙo na Turai [wa?] ya rubuta cewa Kukawa ta kasance kango kuma "ba ta da wani amfani", kuma wuri ne da "rugujewa suka fi gidaje yawa".[3] Tawayen Boko Haram A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Kukawa ta sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da rashin tsaro sakamakon ayyukan Boko Haram. Yankin ya fuskanci korar mutane da lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa.[16] Kokarin da sojojin Najeriya da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka yi na nufin dawo da zaman lafiya da kuma sake tsugunar da wadanda suka rasa matsugunansu.[17][18] A ranar 16 ga Janairu 2015, "shugaban riko na karamar hukumar Kukawa, Musa Alhaji Bukar Kukawa," wanda ke magana a madadin mazauna Kukawa wadanda suka yi hijira zuwa Maiduguri bayan kisan kiyashin Baga na 2015, "ya yi kira ga gwamnatin tarayya da ta kara kaimi wajen ayyukan soji domin su koma gidajensu."[19] An yi kisan kiyashi a Kukawa a watan Yulin 2015. Daruruwan 'yan Kukawa ne aka yi garkuwa da su a hannun Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) a watan Agustan 2020. Mutane miliyan biyu a Borno sun rasa gidajensu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata; da yawa suna rayuwa cikin mummunan yanayi a Maiduguri.[20] ==Geografiya== Kukawa tana cikin yankin Sahel na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, kusa da iyakar Chadi da yankin Tabkin Chadi. Yankin ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai laushi, zafi da ƙanƙantar ciyawa. Ana samun ruwan sama ne kawai daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba. ==Yawan Jama'a da Kabilu== A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta cikin shekara ta 2006, Kukawa na da yawan mutane kusan 203,864. Kabilar da ta fi yawa a yankin ita ce [[Kanuri]], sai wasu ƙananan kabilu da ke zaune a yankin. ==Tattalin Arziki== Tattalin arzikin Kukawa ya ta’allaka ne da noma, kiwo, da kuma kamun kifi. Saboda kusancinta da Tabkin Chadi, kamun kifi ya kasance sana'a ta dogaro da jama'a. Haka kuma, ana samun cinikayya tsakanin Najeriya da ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da ita kamar Chadi da Nijar. Sai dai a ‘yan shekarun baya, hare-haren ‘yan ta’adda na [[Boko Haram]] sun kawo cikas ga yawancin harkokin tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ya janyo tarin matsalolin jin kai da ƙaura daga yankin. == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Borno]] 9c76nzniw066i13x3alnbpqq3gyhpi9 0 9152 892000 706979 2026-08-06T10:23:25Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu ƙaramar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma ƙaramar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da karamar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin ka’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] == Tarihi da al'adu == Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin tsarin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai sune:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989 zuwa 1999.2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002. 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002 zuwa 2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin gundumar yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250. Kabilar Hausa da Fulani ne suka fi yawa a karamar hukumar Bunker. [[Musulunci]] shi ne addini mafi rinjaye a yankunan da ake yawan amfani da harshen [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani|Fufulde]] . Daga cikin fitattun wuraren kiwo a yankin akwai kiwo na Bunkure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkure Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/412/bunkure |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayan masarufi da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na jama'a ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalai, direbobi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], [[gero]], [[masara]], wake, [[wake]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], [[rogo]], da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noma [[tumatir]] kamar haka, [[albasa]], [[karas]], kankana, cucumbers, cabbage, [[dankalin turawa]] da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. 25sqnq4twmrawfzuijf81ym7s8wrkx1 892001 892000 2026-08-06T10:23:44Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu ƙaramar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma ƙaramar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da karamar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Ƙaramar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a ƙarƙashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a ƙarƙashin ka’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] == Tarihi da al'adu == Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin tsarin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai sune:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989 zuwa 1999.2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002. 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002 zuwa 2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin gundumar yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250. Kabilar Hausa da Fulani ne suka fi yawa a karamar hukumar Bunker. [[Musulunci]] shi ne addini mafi rinjaye a yankunan da ake yawan amfani da harshen [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani|Fufulde]] . Daga cikin fitattun wuraren kiwo a yankin akwai kiwo na Bunkure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkure Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/412/bunkure |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayan masarufi da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na jama'a ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalai, direbobi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], [[gero]], [[masara]], wake, [[wake]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], [[rogo]], da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noma [[tumatir]] kamar haka, [[albasa]], [[karas]], kankana, cucumbers, cabbage, [[dankalin turawa]] da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. hcpegin4a1anqnayw34b490koi525jc 892002 892001 2026-08-06T10:24:19Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin ƙasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu ƙaramar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma ƙaramar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Ƙaramar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a ƙarƙashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a ƙarƙashin ƙa’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] == Tarihi da al'adu == Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin tsarin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai sune:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989 zuwa 1999.2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002. 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002 zuwa 2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin gundumar yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250. Kabilar Hausa da Fulani ne suka fi yawa a karamar hukumar Bunker. [[Musulunci]] shi ne addini mafi rinjaye a yankunan da ake yawan amfani da harshen [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani|Fufulde]] . Daga cikin fitattun wuraren kiwo a yankin akwai kiwo na Bunkure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkure Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/412/bunkure |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayan masarufi da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na jama'a ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalai, direbobi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], [[gero]], [[masara]], wake, [[wake]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], [[rogo]], da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noma [[tumatir]] kamar haka, [[albasa]], [[karas]], kankana, cucumbers, cabbage, [[dankalin turawa]] da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. oizbc5izc0itkx3m7iczbzu521r6ksj 892003 892002 2026-08-06T10:24:55Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin ƙasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu ƙaramar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma ƙaramar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Ƙaramar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a ƙarƙashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a ƙarƙashin ƙa’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziƙi Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan-dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] == Tarihi da al'adu == Karamar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a karkashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin tsarin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai sune:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989 zuwa 1999.2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002. 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002 zuwa 2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin gundumar yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250. Kabilar Hausa da Fulani ne suka fi yawa a karamar hukumar Bunker. [[Musulunci]] shi ne addini mafi rinjaye a yankunan da ake yawan amfani da harshen [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani|Fufulde]] . Daga cikin fitattun wuraren kiwo a yankin akwai kiwo na Bunkure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkure Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/412/bunkure |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayan masarufi da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na jama'a ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalai, direbobi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], [[gero]], [[masara]], wake, [[wake]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], [[rogo]], da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noma [[tumatir]] kamar haka, [[albasa]], [[karas]], kankana, cucumbers, cabbage, [[dankalin turawa]] da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. axlrwxyy8c312l0cwdyj14m9qleq68r 892004 892003 2026-08-06T10:25:17Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bunkure.ogg|thumb]] '''Bunkure''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Bunkure. Yana da yanki 487&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar shekarar 2006. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 710.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ƙaramar Hukumar Bunkure Jihar Kano. Anan ainihin asalin tarihin yankin binciken. Ta kasance a kudancin kasa ta jihar Kano mai yawan jama'a sama da 284,251. hedkwatar karamar hukumar ta kasance a cikin garin Bunkure mai tazarar kilomita 45 a matsayin Kano tana da fadin ƙasa kilomita murabba'i 4325, tana da iyaka da ita. a kudu ƙaramar hukumar Rano, a karamar hukumar Kura ta arewa sai kuma ƙaramar hukumar Dawakin Kudu ta gabas sai karamar hukumar Wudil da Garko yayin da a yamma tayi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Garun-Malam. Tarihi da Al'adu. Ƙaramar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a ƙarƙashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a ƙarƙashin ƙa’idojin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai su ne:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989-1999 2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002-2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250, manyan kabilun da suka mamaye yankin su ne Fulani, yayin da aurensu da sauran al’adunsu ya ginu bisa tsarin Musulunci. Tunda a halin yanzu yankin yawancin 98% Musulmai ne a addini. ; Babban Tattalin Arziƙi Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayayyaki masu amfani da tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na al'ummar kasa ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalan-dillalai, direbobi. <nowiki></br></nowiki>Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, lokacin noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], gero, masara, wake, wake, waken soya, rogo, da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noman tumatir, albasa, karas, kankana, cucumbers, kabeji, dankali da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] == Tarihi da al'adu == Ƙaramar hukumar Bunkure ta samu rabuwar kai daga rugujewar karamar hukumar Rano a ƙarƙashin tsarin (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida) sabbin kananan hukumomi da nufin kusantar jama’a da gwamnati. Kananan Hukumomin (Bunkure) sun yi sarauta ne a karkashin tsarin gargajiya guda uku (Hakimin gundumar) a karkashin sunan (Barayan Kano Hakimin Bunkure) wadannan hakimai sune:- 1. Alhaji Isah Amadu - daga 1989 zuwa 1999.2. Alhaji Ado Isah Wakili - daga 1999-2002. 3. Alhaji Tafida Abubakar Ila - daga 2002 zuwa 2007 4. Alhaji Shehu Abubakar Yusuf - daga 2007-2013 5. Alhaji Muhammad Isah Umar - daga 2013-har zuwa yau. Hakimin gundumar yana da hakimai 31 da masu unguwanni 128 da ke aiki a karkashinsu, yankin ya wanzu sama da shekaru 250. Kabilar Hausa da Fulani ne suka fi yawa a karamar hukumar Bunker. [[Musulunci]] shi ne addini mafi rinjaye a yankunan da ake yawan amfani da harshen [[Hausawa|Hausa]] da [[Fulani|Fufulde]] . Daga cikin fitattun wuraren kiwo a yankin akwai kiwo na Bunkure. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkure Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/412/bunkure |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> ; Babban Tattalin Arziki Yankin yana cike da kusan kashi 75% manoma ne ayyukansu na noma ya hada da samar da kayan masarufi da amfanin gona na tsabar kudi, yayin da sauran kashi 25% na jama'a ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, maƙera, dillalai, direbobi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Jama'a na da damar noma sau biyu a shekara, watau damina da rani, noman rani, noman rani, suna shuka [[Dawa|masara]], [[gero]], [[masara]], wake, [[wake]], [[Waken suya|waken soya]], [[rogo]], da sauransu. Yayin da ake noman rani suna noma [[tumatir]] kamar haka, [[albasa]], [[karas]], kankana, cucumbers, cabbage, [[dankalin turawa]] da sauransu duba daga littafin tarihi da al'adun karamar hukumar Bunkure. n7uy4abj5fzo6jz6g9m8c4cfpv70gzd 0 9164 891961 515486 2026-08-06T10:01:02Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 10.jpg|thumb]][[File:Kura nehri ardahan 3 2011.jpg|thumb]][[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 06.jpg|thumb]] '''Kura''' ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a [[Jihar Kano]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta tana a cikin garin Kura,sannan Kura karamar hukama ce wacce ta ƙunshi makiyaya da manoma. Lambar akwatin gidan wayarta ita ce 711.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx |archivedate=2012-11-26 }}</ref> == Tarihi == == Mutane == == Girma == == Bibiliyo == == Hotuna == [[File:Tbilisi at night, Kura River, Georgia.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Tbilisi, Old Tbilisi, Kura River, Georgia.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 02.jpg|thumb]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] jbf20sz1tqddnt627yh4i3ddglie7hy 891962 891961 2026-08-06T10:01:17Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 10.jpg|thumb]][[File:Kura nehri ardahan 3 2011.jpg|thumb]][[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 06.jpg|thumb]] '''Kura''' ƙaramar hukuma ce dake a [[Jihar Kano]] [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]]. Hedikwatarta tana a cikin garin Kura,sannan Kura ƙaramar hukama ce wacce ta ƙunshi makiyaya da manoma. Lambar akwatin gidan wayarta ita ce 711.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx |archivedate=2012-11-26 }}</ref> == Tarihi == == Mutane == == Girma == == Bibiliyo == == Hotuna == [[File:Tbilisi at night, Kura River, Georgia.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Tbilisi, Old Tbilisi, Kura River, Georgia.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Kura-Caspian Sea-Hdr Photography მტკვარი رودخانه متکواری در مرکز شهر تفلیس 02.jpg|thumb]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{Kananan Hukumomin Jihar Kano}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin Jihar Kano]] fmoyoreedu0bshjrf60ljofiz9zvxbq 0 9229 891942 627169 2026-08-06T08:23:47Z Baffa ali 47435 891942 wikitext text/x-wiki A kwai yawan fili kamar haka 441 km .{{Databox}}{{hujja}} '''Badagry''' <ref>"Badagry | Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</ref>[[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Lagos]], [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Lagos]] j7uvzyyvfck76iqgqhxz45gua36tbka 0 9313 891799 409399 2026-08-05T22:38:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pategi''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce, dake a [[Jihar Kwara]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]]. Tana Yawan fili 2988 . {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Kwara]] igs7t1o8mh5sv49jks7642gcbv9te06 0 9453 892071 543010 2026-08-06T11:25:36Z Baffa ali 47435 892071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:Fulani boys, Agaie.jpg|thumb|hotpn yaran Fulani a agaie]] [[Fayil:Narrative. (IA ASPC0005246900).pdf|thumb|takadda game da aga iye]] '''Agaie''' ko '''Agaye''' ɗaya ce daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|ƙananan Hukumomin]] dake jihar [[Neja]] a [[Najeriya]]. Yawan mutanen ya kai 42.01 mazauna . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Neja]] seno1fjh21k1b0j0drn17st7e27l9qs 0 9679 891678 246610 2026-08-05T13:05:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya| Karamar Hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Rivers]] a shiyar kudu maso kudancin [[Nijeriya]]. Sannan yawan fili 969 km^2 .{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogba Egbema Ndoni}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Rivers]] bercu6mmujmcis4rof9ydjd2huv33xp 0 9804 891786 516553 2026-08-05T22:15:00Z Baffa ali 47435 891786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} [[Fayil:Bosa, bordo di fileto òrulu de filè, randa osìnca, 1890-1910 ca. 02.jpg|thumb|Kayan sawarsu]] '''Orolu''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya| Karamar Hukuma]] ce, dake a [[Jihar Osun]], kudu maso,yammacin [[Nijeriya]]. Sunada yawan fili kamar haka 80km . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Osun]] 3zhco8ajsqq6d4p9j8c3vbf46zusye9 0 9927 891681 441706 2026-08-05T13:11:25Z Baffa ali 47435 891681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ishielu''' Nadaga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomin]] [[Jihar Ebonyi]] dake a kudu masu gabas a [[Nijeriya]]. Hallau dai ga lambar aika sako 181111 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Ebonyi]] 9mo0jci0obhh9k1caynjuwcnqaz3j9s 0 9987 891790 474044 2026-08-05T22:21:40Z Baffa ali 47435 891790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Orlu''' na daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n dake a [[Jihar Imo|jihar Imo]] a kudu maso Gabas, [[Nijeriya]]. Sannan a kwai lambar aika sako kamar haka 473211 . <gallery> File:Orlu_town_2_Imo_state_Nigeria.jpg|Orlu File:Orlu_town,_Imo_State,_Nigeria.jpg|Garin Orlu </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Imo]] gx7cg77o1j436y4atho1vgdper4s5qv 0 10059 892054 513707 2026-08-06T11:19:19Z Baffa ali 47435 892054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ijio Hill, Iwajowa LGA, Oyo State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Gatin iwajoya oya state]] [[Fayil:A short oral history of Ijio in Ijio Meso dialect by native speaker.webm|thumb|mai bada labari akan takaitacen tarihi. Garin ijio]] '''Iwajowa''' Karamar hukuma ce, kuma takasance daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin, Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n dasuke a [[Jihar Oyo|jihar Oyo]] wadda ke a shiyar Kudu maso Yamma a kasar [[Nijeriya]]. Hukumace wadda yawan filin yakai 2,529km . {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Oyo]] fgtn1xucm28wub38kezf8zc3zjpq4lr 0 10105 891919 518205 2026-08-06T07:23:16Z Baffa ali 47435 891919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sardauna Memorial College.jpg|thumb|makarantar sardauna]] [[Fayil:Sardauna Memorial 27.jpg|thumb|makarantar sardauna]] '''Sardauna''' Karamar hukuma ce, kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Ƙananan hukumomi]]n da suke a [[Jihar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] wanda ke a shiyyar Arewa maso Gabas ta kasar [[Nijeriya]]. Fadin kasa 220,447(1991) . {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] dwxj5av0qvxigaac28kw8e18ezaefnh 0 10169 891885 785781 2026-08-06T05:53:45Z Baffa ali 47435 891885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Pele Ben.JPG|thumb|Pele tare da Ben a wani taro]] [[File:Pele.jpg|thumb|Pele yakai ziyara wata Academy ]] [[File:Pele4.jpg|thumb|Pele a wani taro]] [[File:Walquir Mota avec Pelé en 2013.jpg|thumb|Pele tare da wani masoyin sa]] [[File:Pelé 1960.jpg|thumb|Pele a Yayin da yake taka leda a 1960]] [[File:Patrick Pele Sale auctioneer.jpg|thumb|mutum mutumi na Pele ]] [[File:Pele-1934-11-13-locion-vegetal.jpg|thumb|Rubuta sunan Pele ]] [[File:Pêle-mêle photos Collège Saint-Quirin.jpg|thumb|makaranta kenan mai dauke da sunan Pele ]] '''Edson Arantes do Nascimento''' (lafazi|ˈɛtsõ (w)ɐˈɾɐ̃tʃiz du nɐsiˈmẽtu; an haifeshi ranar 23 ga watan Octoban shekarar 1940 sannan ya mutu ranar 29 ga watan Disamba 2022) anfi saninsa da '''Pelé''' (peˈlɛ) tsohon dan'wasan kwallon kafane na ƙasar [[Brazil]], wanda yake buga gaba. Waɗanda ke wasanni har da marubuta wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ƴan wasa, da yan kallo (magoya bayan) na ganinsa a matsayin babban ɗan wasa a duniya. A shekara ta 1999, an zaɓe shi Dan Ƙwallon FIFA na ƙarni na Duniya daga hukumar ''International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) kuma'' yana daga cikin biyun da aka zaɓa aka ba kyautar ɗan ƙwallon FIFA na ƙarni a wannan shekarar, an zabi Pelé amatsayin ɗan wasan motsa jiki na ƙarni daga hukumar ''International Olympic Committee''. A cewar IFFHS, Pelé shine wanda yafi kowa samun nasarar zura kwallaye a raga a gasar league goal-scorer a tarihin kwallon kafa, inda ya zura kwallaye 650 a wasanni 694, League matches, a kuma gaba daya wasanni da yayi guda 1363 yaci kwallo 1281, har wasannin sada zumunci. Har wayau Pele shine [[Guinness World Records|Guinness World Record]].<ref>http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/10/video-pel%C3%A9-honoured-with-two-guinness-world-records-achievements-in-london-52558/</ref><ref name="pele.m-qp-m.us">http://pele.m-qp-m.us/english/pele_statistics.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.rsssf.com/players/prolific.html#pele</ref><ref name="futdados.com">http://futdados.com/raio-x-dos-gols-de-pele-na-carreira/</ref><ref>https://iffhs.de/?7e4a952bd814fc4d813e8a81be4ac0385fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeecf8a3c0d84411</ref> A lokacin da yake wasannin sa, Pelé shine wanda akafi biya acikin yan'wasa a duniya. ==Mutuwa== A ranar 21 ga Disamba 2022, Asibitin Albert Einstein, inda ake jinyar Pelé, ya bayyana cewa ciwon kansar sa ya ci gaba kuma yana buƙatar "kulawar gaggawa game koda da zuciyarsa kan rashin aikin (dysfunctions) na ɓangarorin yanda ya kamata".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pele's cancer has advanced, says hospital |language=en-GB |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/64059854 |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref> Pelé ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2022, yana da shekaru 82 a duniya, sakamakon gazawar gabobi da yawa, mai rikitarwa na kansar hanji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brazilian football legend Pele dies at age 82 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/29/brazilian-football-legend-pele-dies-aged-82 |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://news.sky.com/story/brazilian-football-star-pele-has-died-at-the-age-of-82-12775924|title = Brazilian football icon Pele has died at the age of 82|work = [[Sky News]]|date = 29 December 2022|accessdate = 29 December 2022}}</ref> 'Yan wasan ƙwallo na duniya sun nuna alhininsu akan tsohon shahararren ɗan kwallon, ciki har da [[Neymar]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Kylian Mbappé]] da [[Lionel Messi]], da sauran manyan jiga-jigan ƴan wasanni, shahararrun mutane, da shugabannin duniya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pele: Neymar, Kylian Mbappe and Cristiano Ronaldo among those paying tribute |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64122039 |access-date=29 December 2022 |agency=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Pele dies - live updates: Pele's final message to the world as tributes pour in from sporting royalty |url= https://news.sky.com/story/pele-dies-live-updates-peles-final-message-to-the-world-as-tributes-pour-in-from-sporting-royalty-12762638 |access-date=30 December 2022 |agency=Sky News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= 'Your legacy will be eternal': sporting world pays tribute to Brazilian legend Pele |url= https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/a-league-pay-tribute-brazilian-legend-pele-with-minutes-applause-2022-12-30/ |access-date=30 December 2022 |agency=Reuters News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Jamie |date=30 December 2022 |title=Will Smith leads celebrity tributes as world mourns Pele after icon's death |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/smith-leads-celebrity-tributes-world-28839325 |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=mirror |language=en}}</ref> Shugaban [[Brazil]], [[Jair Bolsonaro]], ya ayyana zaman makoki na kwanaki uku a ƙasar.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=30 December 2022 |title=Brazil starts three days of mourning as country lights up in memory of Pelé |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2022-12-30/brazil-starts-three-days-of-mourning-as-country-lights-up-in-memory-of-pel |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=ITV News |language=en}}</ref> An ɗaga tutocin ƙasa na ƙungiyoyi 211 na [[FIFA]] a hedkwatar FIFA da ke Zürich.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA's flags at half mast to honour Pele |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/fifas-flags-at-half-mast-to-honour-pele-idOV953830122022RP1 |access-date=30 December 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Filayen wasannin an ɗaga tutoci don girmama Pelé cikin filayen da suka daga wannan tuta sun haɗa da; [[Christ the Redeemer (statue)|Christ the Redeemer]] da filin wasa na [[Maracanã Stadium]] a birnin [[Rio de Janeiro]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Watson |first1=Katy |last2=Chatterjee |first2=Phelan |date=30 December 2022 |title='Thank you, King': Brazil lights up in honour of Pelé |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64125254 |access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref> hedkwatar [[CONMEBOL]] a Paraguay<ref name=":4" /> da filin wasa na [[Wembley Stadium]] a London.<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-12-29|title=Wembley arch lit up in Brazil colours in tribute to Pele|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/pele-wembley-arch-brazil-colours-b2253200.html|access-date=2022-12-30|website=The Independent}}</ref> Za a yi jana'izar Pelé a filin wasa na Santos a ranakun 2 da 3 ga watan Janairu 2023.<ref name="WaPoObit">{{cite news |title='Pelé is eternal!': Tributes pour in from soccer stars, world leaders |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2022/12/29/pele-death-tributes-neymar-ronaldo/ |access-date=30 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title=Pele's funeral and burial to take place in hometown Santos |url=https://apnews.com/article/sports-soccer-fifa-world-cup-pele-funerals-and-memorial-services-71893b650d2f227e954c1feee7e048ba |access-date=30 December 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> ===Binnewa=== Bayan jana'izar, za a binne Pelé a [[Memorial Necrópole Ecumênica]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pedroso |first1=Camilo Rocha,George Ramsay,Tara John,Flora Charner,Rodrigo |title=Brazilian soccer legend Pelé dies at 82 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/12/29/football/brazil-pele-soccer-died-intl-latam-spt/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=30 December 2022 |language=en |date=29 December 2022}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} clu2dntaoi79w3xe5t1pxa4j0jb1n8f 0 10203 892096 286300 2026-08-06T11:57:09Z Baffa ali 47435 892096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fishing boats at Ankobra River, Ghana.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Kamun kifi a Rafin Ankobra, Yankin Yammacin Ghana]] '''Yankin Brong-Ahafo''' takasance daya daga cikin yankin gwamnatin kasar [[Ghana]]; babban birnin yankin itace [[Sakondi-Takoradi]]. Sannan sunada lamba ta ISO 3166-2 . [[File:Nzulenzu Village in Ghana.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ƙauye a Nzulenzu, Yankin Yammacin Ghana]] {{Stub}} [[Category:Yankunan kasar Ghana]] omrdcve4k3tao8mlzjf17z1ktyxkbf3 0 10415 892012 694698 2026-08-06T10:29:27Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Himalayas Map.png|thumb|right|200px|Taswirar tsaunukan Himalaya, yana nuna kasashen da ya ratsa.]] [[File:Mount Everest as seen from Drukair2 PLW edit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tuddan ''everest'' mafiya tsayi a tsaunukan Himalaya]] [[Fayil:Nepal Yak - Himalaya trekking.jpg|thumb|nepal himalaya ]] '''Himalaya''' wani yankin tsaunuka ne dake a nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ƙarshen Himalaya daga yamma yana a ƙasar [[Pakistan]]. Tsaunukan sun shiga ne ta [[Jammu da Kashmir]], Himachal Pradesh , Uttaranchal, Sikkim da Arunachal Pradesh a yankin Kasar [[Indiya]], Nepal , da Bhutan. Karshen sa daga gabashi yaje har [[Tibet]]. Sun rabu zuwa yankuna (3) Himadri, Himachal da Shiwaliks. Tsaunuka (15) mafiya tsawo a [[duniya]] na Himilaya. Daga ciki akwai tsaunukan Mount Everest, (K2) , Annapurna, da Nanga Parbat . Mount Everest shine mafi tsawon tsauni a duniya da tsawon mita (8,849). Daga cikin dogayen tsaunuka kuma mafiya tsayi a duniya Tara Suna Nan a yankin Himalayan [[Nepal]]. Kalmar "Himalaya" na nufin ''gidan kankara'' da yaren Sanskrit, tsohon yaren [[Indiya]]. Tsaunukan Himalaya sune suka raba al'adun [[Sin|Sinawa]] da [[Indiya|Indiyawa]] na tsawon lokaci. Da yaren Sanskrit, tsohon yaren [[Indiya]]. Tsaunukan Himalaya sune suka raba,wanda yagano himalayas a shekarar Alibi([[1733]]),Shine wani masanin yanayin da yasha fa Duniya(Jean-Baptiste),Dan kasar francar ne,Save Open… Zoom image… 179x127 4.4 kB JPEG. ==Gandun daji== [[File:RedPandaFullBody.JPG|thumb|Jar Panda a Himalaya]] Himalaya waje ne da yayi kaurin suna sosai a tsakankanin yan yawon bude ido da shakatawa sabo da albarkar yanayin da ke akwai na gandun daji. daga cikin tsirrai da bishiyoyin dake akwai sun hada da Oak, Pine, Fir, Rhododendron , Birch, Juniper，da Deodar. Ire iren [[dabbobi|dabbobin]] da ke akwai a sassan dazuzzukan Himalaya sun hada da [[damusa]], Shidiyar [[Tinkiya]], [[Giwa]], [[Kada]] da [[Kura]]. A yankin kudancin Himalaya kinda akwai yanayin Sanyi sosai, dabbobi basu cika zama a wuraren ba. Haka kuna su wadanda ma keep rayuwa a wuraren, lokacin sanyi sukanyi hijira zuwa yankunan da kuma sanyin ke da sauki. '''Wasu daga cikin guraren gandun daji masu jan hankali''' * Jim Corbett National Park * Namdhpha National Park * The Royal Chitwan Park * Kaziranga National Park * Royal Bardia National Park * Great Himalayan National Park ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Himalayan_Cold_Desert_-_North_Sikkim.jpg|Sahara mai sanyi a arewacin Sikkim, Himalaya File:K2_8611.jpg|Tsaunin K2 da ke tsakanin iyakar kasar [[Pakistan]] da [[Chaina|Sin]], Himalaya File:Makalu.jpg|Tsaunin Makalu (tsayin mita 8,463), Himalaya File:ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg|Tsaunin Cho Oyu (tsayin mita 8,201), Himalaya File:Himalayan_Vulture_(by_a_road)_(2926948182).jpg|Nau'in Angulu da ake samu a yankin Himalaya File:Palpa,_Kali_Gandaki_River_2,_Nepal.jpg|Kogin Palpa, Kali Gandaki, da ke a yankin Himalaya File:Historic_Eco_Pad_Yatra_in_the_Himalayas_in_2009.JPG|Wasu matafiya a yankin mai cike da tsaunuka na Himalaya File:Gokyo_Lakes,_Dudh_Pokhari_2,_Nepal,_Himalayas.jpg|Kogin Gokyo, Nepal Himalaya </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} tryf1ehol1cyypxhgk7p6m8wy51xhbp 892013 892012 2026-08-06T10:29:52Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Himalayas Map.png|thumb|right|200px|Taswirar tsaunukan Himalaya, yana nuna kasashen da ya ratsa.]] [[File:Mount Everest as seen from Drukair2 PLW edit.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Tuddan ''everest'' mafiya tsayi a tsaunukan Himalaya]] [[Fayil:Nepal Yak - Himalaya trekking.jpg|thumb|nepal himalaya ]] '''Himalaya''' wani yankin tsaunuka ne dake a nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Ƙarshen Himalaya daga yamma yana a ƙasar [[Pakistan]]. Tsaunukan sun shiga ne ta [[Jammu da Kashmir]], Himachal Pradesh , Uttaranchal, Sikkim da Arunachal Pradesh a yankin Kasar [[Indiya]], Nepal , da Bhutan. Karshen sa daga gabashi yaje har [[Tibet]]. Sun rabu zuwa yankuna (3) Himadri, Himachal da Shiwaliks. Tsaunuka (15) mafiya tsawo a [[duniya]] na Himilaya. Daga ciki akwai tsaunukan Mount Everest, (K2) , Annapurna, da Nanga Parbat . Mount Everest shine mafi tsawon tsauni a duniya da tsawon mita (8,849). Daga cikin dogayen tsaunuka kuma mafiya tsayi a duniya Tara Suna Nan a yankin Himalayan [[Nepal]]. Kalmar "Himalaya" na nufin ''gidan kankara'' da yaren Sanskrit, tsohon yaren [[Indiya]]. Tsaunukan Himalaya sune suka raba al'adun [[Sin|Sinawa]] da [[Indiya|Indiyawa]] na tsawon lokaci. Da yaren Sanskrit, tsohon yaren [[Indiya]]. Tsaunukan Himalaya sune suka raba,wanda yagano himalayas a shekarar Alibi([[1733]]),Shine wani masanin yanayin da yasha fa Duniya(Jean-Baptiste),Dan kasar francar ne,Save Open… Zoom image… 179x127 4.4 kB JPEG. ==Gandun daji== [[File:RedPandaFullBody.JPG|thumb|Jar Panda a Himalaya]] Himalaya waje ne da yayi ƙaurin suna sosai a tsakankanin yan yawon bude ido da shakatawa sabo da albarkar yanayin da ke akwai na gandun daji. daga cikin tsirrai da bishiyoyin dake akwai sun hada da Oak, Pine, Fir, Rhododendron , Birch, Juniper，da Deodar. Ire iren [[dabbobi|dabbobin]] da ke akwai a sassan dazuzzukan Himalaya sun hada da [[damusa]], Shidiyar [[Tinkiya]], [[Giwa]], [[Kada]] da [[Kura]]. A yankin kudancin Himalaya kinda akwai yanayin Sanyi sosai, dabbobi basu cika zama a wuraren ba. Haka kuna su wadanda ma keep rayuwa a wuraren, lokacin sanyi sukanyi hijira zuwa yankunan da kuma sanyin ke da sauki. '''Wasu daga cikin guraren gandun daji masu jan hankali''' * Jim Corbett National Park * Namdhpha National Park * The Royal Chitwan Park * Kaziranga National Park * Royal Bardia National Park * Great Himalayan National Park ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Himalayan_Cold_Desert_-_North_Sikkim.jpg|Sahara mai sanyi a arewacin Sikkim, Himalaya File:K2_8611.jpg|Tsaunin K2 da ke tsakanin iyakar kasar [[Pakistan]] da [[Chaina|Sin]], Himalaya File:Makalu.jpg|Tsaunin Makalu (tsayin mita 8,463), Himalaya File:ChoOyu-fromGokyo.jpg|Tsaunin Cho Oyu (tsayin mita 8,201), Himalaya File:Himalayan_Vulture_(by_a_road)_(2926948182).jpg|Nau'in Angulu da ake samu a yankin Himalaya File:Palpa,_Kali_Gandaki_River_2,_Nepal.jpg|Kogin Palpa, Kali Gandaki, da ke a yankin Himalaya File:Historic_Eco_Pad_Yatra_in_the_Himalayas_in_2009.JPG|Wasu matafiya a yankin mai cike da tsaunuka na Himalaya File:Gokyo_Lakes,_Dudh_Pokhari_2,_Nepal,_Himalayas.jpg|Kogin Gokyo, Nepal Himalaya </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 7ijbjrqcmk1xndf8kpce07q4z0u9d9s 0 11099 891792 367889 2026-08-05T22:23:24Z Baffa ali 47435 891792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hilde Holger''' Wata malama yar wasan Australiya ce, Ta yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa [[Birtaniya]] don tsere wa 'yan Nazis. Sannan yaren ta shine jamusanci . ==Manazarta== {{Stub}} [[category: Mutuwan 2001]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Holger, Hilde}} 2yuky1e1eyn9huzu9q3rqlt0y7oqxkn 0 11257 892042 301220 2026-08-06T11:12:48Z Baffa ali 47435 892042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:2018-08-17_1._FC_Schweinfurt_05_vs._FC_Schalke_04_(DFB-Pokal)_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%93577.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Salif Sané a yayin wasa]] '''Salif Sané''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1990 a garin [[Lormont]], a ƙasar [[Faransa]]) shi ne ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar [[Senegal]]. Ya buga wasan ƙwallo ma Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Senegal daga shekara ta 2013. Yan uwan sa kamar lamine sane. {{Stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sane, Salif}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Senegal]] d17joqxabrpchz987lz3ofiqi8njogy 0 11963 891933 446725 2026-08-06T07:47:08Z Baffa ali 47435 891933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nwazuluwa Onuekwuke "Zulu" Sofola''' (daga ranar 22 ga watan Junairu zuwa 1935 harzuwa ranar 5 gawatan Satumba 1995),<ref name=Biography>[http://zulusofola.com/zulu-sofola-biography/ Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330094937/http://zulusofola.com/zulu-sofola-biography/ |date=2013-03-30 }}, ′Zulu Sofola official website.</ref> Itace mace ta farko yar [[Najeriya]] mai rubuta [[dirama]] kuma [[yar dirama]].<ref>[http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/literari/2005/dec/11/literari-11-12-2005-001.htm "Nigeria's female writers have arrived"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525053359/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/literari/2005/dec/11/literari-11-12-2005-001.htm |date=May 25, 2007 }}, ''Sun'' newspaper (Nigeria), 11 December 2005.</ref> Sofola kuma malamar jami'a ce kuma mace ta farko da tazama farfesa a farnin al'adu na [[Afrika]]. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sofola, Zula}} ns8nskf0vg2wina205f2to1py24fcoq 0 12034 891979 499765 2026-08-06T10:11:30Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Shehu Abubakar Garbai of Borno in 1906.jpg|thumb|Abubakar garbai]] '''Bukar Garbai''' ('''Bukr Garubai''', ko '''Abubakar Garbai''') ɗan sarkin Ibrahim ne Shehun [[Borno]] daga shekarar ta alif 1902 zuwa shekara ta alif ɗari tara da ashirin da biyu, 1922. == Madafun iko == [[File:Shehu_Abubakar_Garbai_of_Borno_in_1906.jpg|left|thumb|Shehu Abubakar Garbai ]] [[Fayil:Abubakar Garbai of Bornu.png|thumb|Abubakar Garbai]] [[Fayil:A son of Shehu Abubakar Garbai.png|thumb|Abubakar Garbai]] [[Fayil:1913 New Years durbar in Kano.jpg|thumb|Abubakar Garbai a cikin mutane ]] '''Bukar Garbai''' (or '''Abubakar Garbai''') ibn Ibrahim shine [[Shehu]]<nowiki/>n [[Borno]] daga 1902–1922 daga baya kuma ya zama Shehun [[Masarautar Dikwa|Dikwa]]. a shekarar 1907 ya kuma samar da [[Maiduguri|Yerwa]] a matasayin babban birni. Abubakar Garbai ɗanɗan Shehun borno ne mai suna [[Ibrahim Kura na Borno|Ibrahim Kura]] kuma dan uwa ne ga [[Sanda Kura]].<ref name="Vincent">{{cite book|last1=Hiribarren|first1=Vincent|title=A History of Borno: Trans-Saharan African Empire to Failing Nigerian State|date=2017|publisher=Hurst & Company|location=London|isbn=9781849044745|pages=63,106}}</ref><ref name="Palmer">Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan kula == * [https://books.google.com/books?id=2O_BQs6Sro0C&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128&dq=Bukar+Garbai&source=bl&ots=x6-rvh4_Ox&sig=i-F9nGgNoIoYggw1EsNkH4PTBwg&hl=en&ei=xodwS7H7HIL8nAeYjfWoBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CAwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Bukar%20Garbai&f=false Bosworth, Clifford Edmond, ''The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual'' p. 128] * Cohen, Ronald, ''The Kanuri of Bornu'', Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology (New York: Holt, 1967). * ''Dictionary of African Historical Biography'', p.&nbsp;100. * ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 15th Edition (1982), Vol. VI, p.&nbsp;506. * Isichei, Elizabeth, ''A History of African Societies to 1870'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.&nbsp;318–320, {{ISBN|0-521-45599-5}}. * {{cite book|author=Taher, Mohamed|title=Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Dynasties A Continuing Series|publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD.|location=New Delhi|year=1997|isbn=81-261-0403-1}} * Tukur, Mahmud Modibbo, ''The Imposition of British colonial domination on the Sokoto Caliphate, Borno and neighbouring states, 1879-1914: a reinterpretation of colonial sources'' (Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1979). * Tukur, Mahmud Modibbo, “Shehu Abubakar Garbai Ibn Ibrahim El-Kanemi and the establishment of British rule in Borno, 1902-1914” in ''The Essential Mahmud'', ed. Mahmud Modibbo Abubakar (Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, 1989). == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202400/http://www.kanuri.net/index.php Kanuri Studies Association] [[category:Mutuwan 1922]] kluezm8af87rtw0w8f3iis2hy7vftws 0 13572 892072 890295 2026-08-06T11:25:47Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Usman Baba Pategi (20 ga Mayu 1942 - 12 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Samanja Mazan Fama, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya. Tare da Yusuf Ladan, Mamman Ladan da Idi Jibril, ma'aikatan NTA sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da aka sani yanzu da Kannywood, fina-finai na Arewacin Najeriya ko fina-fukkuna na Hausa a cikin shekarun 1980 ga masu sauraron Arewa.[1][2][3] == The acting career == Galibi yana bayyana a matsayin ɗan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi fim, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce ''saboda ƙwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da yadda suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni'' a nan ne sunan (Samanja) ya fito, kamar yadda Sajan da Manjo suka fito saboda iko da kuma umarnin oda kuma ya ce wasan kwaikwayo yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki da farin ciki shi ya sa ya yi ritaya ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Usman Baba [[Pategi]] a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1942, a cikin gidan sarauta na Pategi Emirate a Pategi, Arewacin Najeriya . Shi dan Etsu Usman Patako ne marigayi Sarkin Pategi. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Pategi sannan ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Ilorin. Daga baya ya tafi Kaduna ya zauna tare da kawunsa Alhaji Audu Bida wanda ya zama mataimakinsa a gida. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sashen ayyukan jama'a a cikin shagon injiniya, kafin ya shiga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewa]], (NBC) a Kaduna . Pategi ya shiga Sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 inda wani kyaftin din Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya zo neman matasa a Arewacin Najeriya don ba da gudummawa. Ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai don shiga soja kuma ya horar da shi a Makarantar Horar da Sigina, [[Apapa]] . Ya yi aiki a karkashin Janar [[Sani Abacha]] da Janar Sani Sami . Daga baya ya yi ritaya a 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]] Kaduna inda ya kuma ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fina-finai. Yawancin lokaci an san shi da ''Samanja Maza Fama'', ma'ana Sergeant-Major (SerMajor) saboda kwarewar da ya samu a aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiya, Aisha Mohammed |first= |date=2016 |title=Nigeria: I Get Story Ideas From My Dreams - Samanja |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201601111537.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Allafrica}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya kasance a Indiya don tiyata don rashin lafiya na zuciya wanda daga baya Shugaban [[Dangote Group|Kungiyar Dangote]], Alhaji [[Aliko Dangote]], ya ba da rahoton N1.5 miliyan, wanda [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] (FRCN) ya ruwaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husseni, Shuabu |first= |date=2011 |title=Help from Dangote for Samanja |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/47732/help-from-dangote-for-samanja.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Pategi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka sani da (Samanja) da Chika Apala da aka sani le (Zebrudaya) galibi a cikin masana'antun fina-finai kuma sun kasance baƙi masu daraja a abincin dare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Fasaha ta Najeriya (NANTAP). == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Pategi wanda aka haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na masarautar, shi ma magajin masarautar Etsu Pategi ne, amma ya bi aikin mafarkinsa; ya yi aiki bayan ya ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban dan takarar mahaifinsa da babban kakansa kursiyin a matsayin Etsu Patégi, wani garin Nupe a yanzu [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] mahaifinsa shine Etsu Usman Patako, sarkin Pategi kuma kakansa ya gaji bayan mutuwarsa, ya yi niyyar zama ɗan'uwansa Chatta don ya bar kursiyin Um Baru saboda ya zama sarki. Yawancin lokaci ya bayyana a matsayin 'yan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin masana'antar fina-finai, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce saboda kwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da hanyar da suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni inda sunan (Samanja) ya zo, hanyar da Sergeant da Major saboda iko da umarni na matsayi kuma ya bayyana cewa yin aiki yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi ritaya kuma ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fi yin aiki a bikin Ranar Sojoji, har ma da wanda a matsayin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Abuja da na [[Maryam Abacha]] . Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da darektan ya fito a cikin shahararren fim din Hausa da aka sani da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannyhood |first= |date=2016 |title=Usman Baba Pategi, Samanja |url=https://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Hausa film industry- Kannyhood |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060726/http://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samanja * Yusuf's Ladan * Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne Pategi ya sami shahara daga fim din Samanja, inda ya haɗu da Hausa / Turanci da Pidgin Turanci a hanyar da sojoji na Najeriya ke magana. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Pategi yana da mata uku da yara 20. Ya rasa daya daga cikin matansa Hajiya Maryam Baba yana da shekaru 46.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="126" href="./Kaduna_(city)" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;23 March 2019<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Daily Trust]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-GB<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 March 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw2w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFAhmadu-SukaKaduna2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Ahmadu-Suka, Maryam; Kaduna (23 March 2019). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tv-icon-samanja-loses-wife-2.html\" id=\"mw3A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"TV icon, 'Samanja' loses wife\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\"><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"136\" href=\"./Daily_Trust\" id=\"mw3g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Daily Trust\">Daily Trust</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw3w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw4A\">15 March</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Usman_Baba_Pategi#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Usman Baba Pategi ya mutu a Kaduna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 81. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 5uf5n0ibq0kcrevc9fnuyvt5re2g3kt 892073 892072 2026-08-06T11:26:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Usman Baba Pategi (20 ga Mayu 1942 - 12 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Samanja Mazan Fama, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya. Tare da Yusuf Ladan, Mamman Ladan da Idi Jibril, ma'aikatan NTA sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da aka sani yanzu da Kannywood, fina-finai na Arewacin Najeriya ko fina-fukkuna na Hausa a cikin shekarun 1980 ga masu sauraron Arewa.[1][2][3] == The acting career == Galibi yana bayyana a matsayin ɗan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi fim, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce ''saboda ƙwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da yadda suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni'' a nan ne sunan (Samanja) ya fito, kamar yadda Sajan da Manjo suka fito saboda iko da kuma umarnin oda kuma ya ce wasan kwaikwayo yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki da farin ciki shi ya sa ya yi ritaya ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Usman Baba [[Pategi]] a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1942, a cikin gidan sarauta na Pategi Emirate a Pategi, Arewacin Najeriya . Shi dan Etsu Usman Patako ne marigayi Sarkin Pategi. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Pategi sannan ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Ilorin. Daga baya ya tafi Kaduna ya zauna tare da kawunsa Alhaji Audu Bida wanda ya zama mataimakinsa a gida. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sashen ayyukan jama'a a cikin shagon injiniya, kafin ya shiga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewa]], (NBC) a Kaduna . Pategi ya shiga Sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 inda wani kyaftin din Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya zo neman matasa a Arewacin Najeriya don ba da gudummawa. Ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai don shiga soja kuma ya horar da shi a Makarantar Horar da Sigina, [[Apapa]] . Ya yi aiki a karkashin Janar [[Sani Abacha]] da Janar Sani Sami . Daga baya ya yi ritaya a 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]] Kaduna inda ya kuma ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fina-finai. Yawancin lokaci an san shi da ''Samanja Maza Fama'', ma'ana Sergeant-Major (SerMajor) saboda kwarewar da ya samu a aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiya, Aisha Mohammed |first= |date=2016 |title=Nigeria: I Get Story Ideas From My Dreams - Samanja |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201601111537.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Allafrica}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya kasance a Indiya don tiyata don rashin lafiya na zuciya wanda daga baya Shugaban [[Dangote Group|Kungiyar Dangote]], Alhaji [[Aliko Dangote]], ya ba da rahoton N1.5 miliyan, wanda [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] (FRCN) ya ruwaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husseni, Shuabu |first= |date=2011 |title=Help from Dangote for Samanja |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/47732/help-from-dangote-for-samanja.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Pategi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka sani da (Samanja) da Chika Apala da aka sani le (Zebrudaya) galibi a cikin masana'antun fina-finai kuma sun kasance baƙi masu daraja a abincin dare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Fasaha ta Najeriya (NANTAP). == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Pategi wanda aka haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na masarautar, shi ma magajin masarautar Etsu Pategi ne, amma ya bi aikin mafarkinsa; ya yi aiki bayan ya ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban dan takarar mahaifinsa da babban kakansa kursiyin a matsayin Etsu Patégi, wani garin Nupe a yanzu [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] mahaifinsa shine Etsu Usman Patako, sarkin Pategi kuma kakansa ya gaji bayan mutuwarsa, ya yi niyyar zama ɗan'uwansa Chatta don ya bar kursiyin Um Baru saboda ya zama sarki. Yawancin lokaci ya bayyana a matsayin 'yan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin masana'antar fina-finai, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce saboda kwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da hanyar da suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni inda sunan (Samanja) ya zo, hanyar da Sergeant da Major saboda iko da umarni na matsayi kuma ya bayyana cewa yin aiki yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi ritaya kuma ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fi yin aiki a bikin Ranar Sojoji, har ma da wanda a matsayin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Abuja da na [[Maryam Abacha]] . Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da darektan ya fito a cikin shahararren fim din Hausa da aka sani da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannyhood |first= |date=2016 |title=Usman Baba Pategi, Samanja |url=https://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Hausa film industry- Kannyhood |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060726/http://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samanja * Yusuf's Ladan * Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne Pategi ya sami shahara daga fim din Samanja, inda ya haɗu da Hausa / Turanci da Pidgin Turanci a hanyar da sojoji na Najeriya ke magana. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Pategi yana da mata uku da yara 20. Ya rasa daya daga cikin matansa Hajiya Maryam Baba yana da shekaru 46.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="126" href="./Kaduna_(city)" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;23 March 2019<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Daily Trust]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-GB<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 March 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw2w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFAhmadu-SukaKaduna2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Ahmadu-Suka, Maryam; Kaduna (23 March 2019). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tv-icon-samanja-loses-wife-2.html\" id=\"mw3A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"TV icon, 'Samanja' loses wife\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\"><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"136\" href=\"./Daily_Trust\" id=\"mw3g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Daily Trust\">Daily Trust</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw3w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw4A\">15 March</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Usman_Baba_Pategi#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Usman Baba Pategi ya mutu a Kaduna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 81. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] pxyw6o2m68guc932nn75b4um4itdjej 892074 892073 2026-08-06T11:26:24Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Usman Baba Pategi (20 ga Mayu 1942 - 12 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Samanja Mazan Fama, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya. Tare da Yusuf Ladan, Mamman Ladan da Idi Jibril, ma'aikatan NTA sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da aka sani yanzu da Kannywood, fina-finai na Arewacin Najeriya ko fina-fukkuna na Hausa a cikin shekarun 1980 ga masu sauraron Arewa.[1][2][3] == The acting career == Galibi yana bayyana a matsayin ɗan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi fim, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce ''saboda ƙwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da yadda suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni'' a nan ne sunan (Samanja) ya fito, kamar yadda Sajan da Manjo suka fito saboda iko da kuma umarnin oda kuma ya ce wasan kwaikwayo yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki da farin ciki shi ya sa ya yi ritaya ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Usman Baba [[Pategi]] a ranar 20 ga Mayun shekara ta 1942, a cikin gidan sarauta na Pategi Emirate a Pategi, Arewacin Najeriya . Shi dan Etsu Usman Patako ne marigayi Sarkin Pategi. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Pategi sannan ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Ilorin. Daga baya ya tafi Kaduna ya zauna tare da kawunsa Alhaji Audu Bida wanda ya zama mataimakinsa a gida. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sashen ayyukan jama'a a cikin shagon injiniya, kafin ya shiga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewa]], (NBC) a Kaduna . Pategi ya shiga Sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 inda wani kyaftin din Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya zo neman matasa a Arewacin Najeriya don ba da gudummawa. Ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai don shiga soja kuma ya horar da shi a Makarantar Horar da Sigina, [[Apapa]] . Ya yi aiki a karkashin Janar [[Sani Abacha]] da Janar Sani Sami . Daga baya ya yi ritaya a 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]] Kaduna inda ya kuma ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fina-finai. Yawancin lokaci an san shi da ''Samanja Maza Fama'', ma'ana Sergeant-Major (SerMajor) saboda kwarewar da ya samu a aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiya, Aisha Mohammed |first= |date=2016 |title=Nigeria: I Get Story Ideas From My Dreams - Samanja |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201601111537.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Allafrica}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya kasance a Indiya don tiyata don rashin lafiya na zuciya wanda daga baya Shugaban [[Dangote Group|Kungiyar Dangote]], Alhaji [[Aliko Dangote]], ya ba da rahoton N1.5 miliyan, wanda [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] (FRCN) ya ruwaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husseni, Shuabu |first= |date=2011 |title=Help from Dangote for Samanja |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/47732/help-from-dangote-for-samanja.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Pategi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka sani da (Samanja) da Chika Apala da aka sani le (Zebrudaya) galibi a cikin masana'antun fina-finai kuma sun kasance baƙi masu daraja a abincin dare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Fasaha ta Najeriya (NANTAP). == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Pategi wanda aka haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na masarautar, shi ma magajin masarautar Etsu Pategi ne, amma ya bi aikin mafarkinsa; ya yi aiki bayan ya ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban dan takarar mahaifinsa da babban kakansa kursiyin a matsayin Etsu Patégi, wani garin Nupe a yanzu [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] mahaifinsa shine Etsu Usman Patako, sarkin Pategi kuma kakansa ya gaji bayan mutuwarsa, ya yi niyyar zama ɗan'uwansa Chatta don ya bar kursiyin Um Baru saboda ya zama sarki. Yawancin lokaci ya bayyana a matsayin 'yan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin masana'antar fina-finai, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce saboda kwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da hanyar da suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni inda sunan (Samanja) ya zo, hanyar da Sergeant da Major saboda iko da umarni na matsayi kuma ya bayyana cewa yin aiki yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi ritaya kuma ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fi yin aiki a bikin Ranar Sojoji, har ma da wanda a matsayin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Abuja da na [[Maryam Abacha]] . Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da darektan ya fito a cikin shahararren fim din Hausa da aka sani da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannyhood |first= |date=2016 |title=Usman Baba Pategi, Samanja |url=https://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Hausa film industry- Kannyhood |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060726/http://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samanja * Yusuf's Ladan * Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne Pategi ya sami shahara daga fim din Samanja, inda ya haɗu da Hausa / Turanci da Pidgin Turanci a hanyar da sojoji na Najeriya ke magana. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Pategi yana da mata uku da yara 20. Ya rasa daya daga cikin matansa Hajiya Maryam Baba yana da shekaru 46.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="126" href="./Kaduna_(city)" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;23 March 2019<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Daily Trust]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-GB<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 March 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw2w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFAhmadu-SukaKaduna2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Ahmadu-Suka, Maryam; Kaduna (23 March 2019). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tv-icon-samanja-loses-wife-2.html\" id=\"mw3A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"TV icon, 'Samanja' loses wife\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\"><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"136\" href=\"./Daily_Trust\" id=\"mw3g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Daily Trust\">Daily Trust</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw3w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw4A\">15 March</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Usman_Baba_Pategi#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Usman Baba Pategi ya mutu a Kaduna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 81. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] igrtrz5gcofxvhq93p8idjyqkivmxcb 892075 892074 2026-08-06T11:26:53Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Usman Baba Pategi (20 ga Mayu 1942 - 12 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Samanja Mazan Fama, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya. Tare da Yusuf Ladan, Mamman Ladan da Idi Jibril, ma'aikatan NTA sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa da aka sani yanzu da Kannywood, fina-finai na Arewacin Najeriya ko fina-fukkuna na Hausa a cikin shekarun 1980 ga masu sauraron Arewa.[1][2][3] == The acting career == Galibi yana bayyana a matsayin ɗan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi fim, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce ''saboda ƙwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da yadda suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni'' a nan ne sunan (Samanja) ya fito, kamar yadda Sajan da Manjo suka fito saboda iko da kuma umarnin oda kuma ya ce wasan kwaikwayo yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki da farin ciki shi ya sa ya yi ritaya ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. == Tarihin rayuwa == An kuma haifi Usman Baba [[Pategi]] a ranar 20 ga Mayun shekara ta 1942, a cikin gidan sarauta na Pategi Emirate a Pategi, Arewacin Najeriya . Shi dan Etsu Usman Patako ne marigayi Sarkin Pategi. Ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Pategi sannan ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Ilorin. Daga baya ya tafi Kaduna ya zauna tare da kawunsa Alhaji Audu Bida wanda ya zama mataimakinsa a gida. Ya kuma yi aiki tare da sashen ayyukan jama'a a cikin shagon injiniya, kafin ya shiga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Arewa]], (NBC) a Kaduna . Pategi ya shiga Sojojin Najeriya a cikin shekarun 1960 inda wani kyaftin din Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] ya zo neman matasa a Arewacin Najeriya don ba da gudummawa. Ya bar Kamfanin Watsa Labarai don shiga soja kuma ya horar da shi a Makarantar Horar da Sigina, [[Apapa]] . Ya yi aiki a karkashin Janar [[Sani Abacha]] da Janar Sani Sami . Daga baya ya yi ritaya a 1985 kuma ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo a [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]] Kaduna inda ya kuma ba da umarni kuma ya rubuta fina-finai. Yawancin lokaci an san shi da ''Samanja Maza Fama'', ma'ana Sergeant-Major (SerMajor) saboda kwarewar da ya samu a aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiya, Aisha Mohammed |first= |date=2016 |title=Nigeria: I Get Story Ideas From My Dreams - Samanja |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201601111537.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Allafrica}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ya kuma kasance a Indiya don tiyata don rashin lafiya na zuciya wanda daga baya Shugaban [[Dangote Group|Kungiyar Dangote]], Alhaji [[Aliko Dangote]], ya ba da rahoton N1.5 miliyan, wanda [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] (FRCN) ya ruwaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husseni, Shuabu |first= |date=2011 |title=Help from Dangote for Samanja |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/47732/help-from-dangote-for-samanja.html |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Pategi na ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka sani da (Samanja) da Chika Apala da aka sani le (Zebrudaya) galibi a cikin masana'antun fina-finai kuma sun kasance baƙi masu daraja a abincin dare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na fasaha a cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Fasaha ta Najeriya (NANTAP). == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == Pategi wanda aka haife shi a cikin gidan sarauta na masarautar, shi ma magajin masarautar Etsu Pategi ne, amma ya bi aikin mafarkinsa; ya yi aiki bayan ya ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban dan takarar mahaifinsa da babban kakansa kursiyin a matsayin Etsu Patégi, wani garin Nupe a yanzu [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] mahaifinsa shine Etsu Usman Patako, sarkin Pategi kuma kakansa ya gaji bayan mutuwarsa, ya yi niyyar zama ɗan'uwansa Chatta don ya bar kursiyin Um Baru saboda ya zama sarki. Yawancin lokaci ya bayyana a matsayin 'yan sanda ko soja a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun kuma ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin masana'antar fina-finai, lokacin da aka tambaye shi ya ce saboda kwarewar da ya samu a matsayin soja, na yanke shawarar amfani da hanyar da suke amsawa, motsawa da umarni inda sunan (Samanja) ya zo, hanyar da Sergeant da Major saboda iko da umarni na matsayi kuma ya bayyana cewa yin aiki yana ba shi ƙarin farin ciki kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya yi ritaya kuma ya koma aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fi yin aiki a bikin Ranar Sojoji, har ma da wanda a matsayin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da Aso Rock Presidential Villa, Abuja da na [[Maryam Abacha]] . Shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, marubuci da darektan ya fito a cikin shahararren fim din Hausa da aka sani da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannyhood |first= |date=2016 |title=Usman Baba Pategi, Samanja |url=https://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |access-date=15 March 2020 |website=Hausa film industry- Kannyhood |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060726/http://hausafilms.tv/actor/usman_baba_pategi_samanja |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samanja * Yusuf's Ladan * Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne Pategi ya sami shahara daga fim din Samanja, inda ya haɗu da Hausa / Turanci da Pidgin Turanci a hanyar da sojoji na Najeriya ke magana. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Pategi yana da mata uku da yara 20. Ya rasa daya daga cikin matansa Hajiya Maryam Baba yana da shekaru 46.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="126" href="./Kaduna_(city)" mw-redirect="" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaduna (city)">Kaduna<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;23 March 2019<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;newspaper<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Daily Trust]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-GB<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 March 2020<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw2w\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFAhmadu-SukaKaduna2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Ahmadu-Suka, Maryam; Kaduna (23 March 2019). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/tv-icon-samanja-loses-wife-2.html\" id=\"mw3A\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"TV icon, 'Samanja' loses wife\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mw3Q\"><a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"136\" href=\"./Daily_Trust\" id=\"mw3g\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Daily Trust\">Daily Trust</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mw3w\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mw4A\">15 March</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-12" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Usman_Baba_Pategi#cite_note-12 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Usman Baba Pategi ya mutu a Kaduna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2023, yana da shekaru 81. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] fx0kudfkymcvi2wbipahx4gu4mzdhct 0 13594 891976 784567 2026-08-06T10:09:31Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Map of all Andhra Pradesh districts-en.svg|thumb|right|250px|Taswirar yankunan jihar Andhra Pradesh.]] '''Andhra Pradesh''' jiha ce, da ke a Kudancin ƙasar [[Indiya]]. Tana da kuma yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba’i 162,975 da yawan jama’a 49,386,799 (in ji ƙidayar shekarar 2011). Babban birnin jihar, [[Amaravati]] ne. Birnin mafi girman jihar, [[Visakhapatnam]] ne. Biswabhusan Harichanda shi ne gwamnan jihar. Jihar Andhra Pradesh tana da iyaka da jihohin biyar: [[Chhattisgarh]] da [[Odisha]] (a Arewa maso Gabas), [[Karnataka]] (a Yamma), kuma da [[Tamil Nadu]] (a Kudu). ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Striped_hyena_(Hyaena_hyaena)_at_IGZoo_Park.JPG|Wata Kura na rangadi a gidan namun daji, gami da wurin shakatawa na Zoological a Visakhapatnam File:Tirumala_Overview.jpg|Dutsinan Tirumala File:Lepakashi_Temple.jpg|Lepakshi File:Srisailam_dam_7.jpg|Dam ɗin Srisailam File:Talakona_forest,_Tirupati.jpg|Dajin Talakona File:Detrital rocks of Tirumala Hills Ghatroad Tirupati.JPG|Detrital rocks of Tirumala Hills Ghatroad Tirupati File:Megalithic Dolmen at Dannanapeta 03.jpg|Megalithic Dolmen at Dannanapeta File:West Entrance of the Vizianagaram fort in Andhra Pradesh.jpg File:Pakala prakasam Beach.jpg|Bakin ruwa naPakala prakasam </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Template:Jihohin Indiya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Andhra Pradesh}} [[Category:Jihohin da yankunan Indiya]] lrzi7u9ob2jnp36gk97lp4rapj7dq30 0 14037 892043 578201 2026-08-06T11:15:12Z Baffa ali 47435 892043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Flag_of_Dominica.svg|thumb|right|250px|Tutar Dominika.]] [[Fayil:Lord Rollo Dominica 1761.jpg|thumb|dominica]] '''Dominica''' ko '''Dominika'''<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/ha/articles/art20150306130417116 Sunayen Ƙasashe da Manyan Birane], ''BBC''.</ref> (da Turanci: '''Commonwealth of Dominica'''; da Faransanci: '''Dominique'''; da harshen Karibiyan: '''Wai‘tu kubuli''') ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar [[Amurka]]. Babban birnin ƙasar Dominika birnin [[Roseau]] ne. Dominika tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i {{formatnum:750}}. Dominika tana kuma da yawan jama'a da suka Kai kimanin {{formatnum:71625}}, bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2018. Dominika tsibiri ne a cikin [[Tekun Karibiyan]]. Daga shekara ta 2013, shugaban ƙasar Dominika [[Charles Savarin]] ce. Firaministan ƙasar Dominika [[Roosevelt Skerrit]] ne daga shekara ta 2004.wanda take da fadi a kalla 74656(2023) . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dominika}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Amurka]] ptd2vq2v4nxbnd7n9tiqsbrcevk1rjc 0 14290 891695 498803 2026-08-05T13:29:52Z Baffa ali 47435 891695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ibom Air.jpg|thumb|Ibom Air]] [[File:IbomAir.jpg |thumb|Jirgin kamfanin na Sauka]] '''Ibom Air''' kamfanin zirga-zirgar jirgin sama ne mai mazauni a birnin [[Uyo]], a ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. An kafa kamfanin a shekarar 2019. Yana da jiragen sama biyar, daga kamfanin Bombardier.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ibom-air-begins-commercial-operations/|title=Ibom Air begins commercial operations|website=Punch Newspapers|date=7 June 2019}}</ref> An kirkire Shi a ranar 7 ga watan yuni shekara ta 2019 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibom Air}} [[Category:Kamfanoni]] l4e3haejyemy5ehk610np7u8lpshqnv 0 14537 891927 319511 2026-08-06T07:38:38Z Baffa ali 47435 891927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Siligo''' (lafazi: /siligo/) birni ne, da ke a yankin [[Sardiniya]], [[Italiya]]. Suna da lambar aika sako kamar haka 789 . <gallery> File:Siligo_-_Ex_SS_131_(02).jpg|Siligo File:450px-Siligo. Panorama da su Runaghe.JPG File:Monte Santu e Monte S. Antonio (Pelau), Siligo, Sardinia.jpg File:Mesumundu (Siligo- Italy).JPG|Basilica Mesumundu, 600 d.C. File:Siligo (Sardinia- Italy).JPG|A Siligo </gallery>{{stub}} {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Siligo}} [[Category:Italiya]] krh34mao8l01fd85m1bw0quxoxnvk5q 0 15137 891713 831486 2026-08-05T14:55:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox 'yar kwallon kafa | suna = Ifeanyi Chiejine | cikakken_suna = Ifeanyichukwu Stephanie Chiejine | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa|1983|5|17}} | wurin_haihuwa = Lagos, Najeriya | ranar_mutuwa = {{Mutuwa da shekaru|2019|8|21|1983|5|17}} | wurin_mutuwa = Lagos, Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Mai kai hari | shekaru1 = 2009 | kungiya1 = KMF Kuopio | shekaru2 = 2010–2011 | kungiya2 = PK-35 Vantaa | shekaru3 = 2011–2012 | kungiya3 = Zvezda Perm | shekaru4 = 2013 | kungiya4 = SSVSM-Kairat | tawagar_kasa1 = Najeriya | shekaru_tawagar_kasa1 = 1999–2008 | wasanni_tawagar_kasa1 = 61 | kwallaye_tawagar_kasa1 = 15 }} [[Fayil:Lagos, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Kabarin ta]] '''Ifeanyichukwu Stephanie Chiejine''' (17 ga Mayu, 1983 – 21 ga Agusta, 2019) tsohuwar ‘yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga ƙasar Najeriya wadda ta yi fice a matsayin mai kai hari a tawagar mata ta ƙasar, wato Super Falcons. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya mata da suka taka rawar gani a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA da kuma gasar Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> An haifi Chiejine a birnin Lagos na Najeriya ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1983. Tun tana yarinya take nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ta fara taka leda a makarantu da ƙananan kungiyoyi kafin daga bisani ta shiga manyan kungiyoyin mata a Najeriya. Ta samu horo a makarantar kwallon kafa ta Pepsi Football Academy, wadda ta taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwarewarta a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia Deutsch |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> A matakin ƙungiyoyi, Chiejine ta buga wa kungiyoyi daban-daban wasa a Najeriya da kuma ƙasashen waje. Ta taka leda a Finland domin kungiyar KMF Kuopio da PK-35 Vantaa, sannan ta buga wasa a Rasha tare da Zvezda Perm. Daga baya kuma ta koma Kazakhstan inda ta buga wa kungiyar SSVSM-Kairat Almaty wasa. Ta kuma taka leda a gasar W-League ta Amurka tare da FC Indiana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> A matakin kasa da kasa kuwa, Chiejine ta fara wakiltar Najeriya tun tana matashiya sosai. Ta shiga cikin tawagar Super Falcons da ta halarci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekarar 1999, inda ta zama daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙantar shekaru da suka taba bugawa a gasar a lokacin. Ta kuma wakilci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 2003 da 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportinglad.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/youngest-footballer-in-womens-soccer-history/ |title=Youngest footballer in Women's World Cup history |website=Sportinglad |access-date=2026-05-07 |archive-date=2026-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517202008/https://www.sportinglad.com/football/fifa-womens-world-cup/youngest-footballer-in-womens-soccer-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga gasar kofin duniya, Chiejine ta wakilci Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta Sydney 2000 da kuma Beijing 2008. Ta taimaka wa Najeriya wajen lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata sau da dama, ciki har da gasannin shekarun 2002, 2004 da 2006. Ta kasance muhimmiyar ‘yar wasa saboda ƙwarewarta, gudunta da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/37575778/crossDomain |title=Nigeria World Cup star Chiejine dies at 36 |website=ESPN Africa |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, rahotanni sun nuna cewa ta buga wasanni 61 tare da tawagar Najeriya tare da zura ƙwallaye 15. Wannan ya sanya ta cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan mata na Najeriya a zamaninta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> Bayan ta yi shekaru tana taka leda a ƙasashe daban-daban, Chiejine ta fara rage yawan fitowa fili a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Duk da haka, har yanzu ana tuna ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin taurarin Super Falcons da suka taimaka wajen ɗaga darajar ƙwallon ƙafar mata ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/37575778/crossDomain |title=Nigeria World Cup star Chiejine dies at 36 |website=ESPN Africa |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Agusta, 2019, Ifeanyi Chiejine ta rasu bayan gajeruwar rashin lafiya tana da shekaru 36. Rasuwarta ta girgiza masoya ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya da Afrika baki ɗaya, inda jami’an Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya (NFF), tsofaffin abokan wasanta da magoya baya suka bayyana alhini kan rasuwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/37575778/crossDomain |title=Nigeria World Cup star Chiejine dies at 36 |website=ESPN Africa |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Chiejine ta taso ne a Lagos inda ta yi karatunta na firamare da sakandare. Ta halarci makarantar Awodi-Ora Secondary School kafin ta mayar da hankali sosai kan harkar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia Deutsch |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == * Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA: 1999, 2003, 2007 * Gasar Olympics: 2000, 2008 * Gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata: 2002, 2004, 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifeanyi_Chiejine |title=Ifeanyi Chiejine |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Super Falcons]] * [[Najeriya]] * [[Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA]] == Manazarta == {{Manazarta}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chiejine, Ifeanyi}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1983]] [[Category:Mutuwar 2019]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata 'yan wasan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mutane daga Lagos]] gb4ct4nnu36qrgspgndyaymm496rkeg 0 16139 892015 881836 2026-08-06T10:33:43Z A Salisu 14655 An kirkira ta fassara "Early life and education" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344799460|Lola Margaret]]" 892015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yuni 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 96q8gm1anc1frjt70yhz4ltvzb32v6v 892016 892015 2026-08-06T10:34:44Z A Salisu 14655 892016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yuni 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7u4li6fq20s939nlsiha7vi5sdze6zc 892017 892016 2026-08-06T10:35:01Z A Salisu 14655 892017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yuni 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gn3xe4xigp14pxtn7d0u69da0s82cbb 892018 892017 2026-08-06T10:35:12Z A Salisu 14655 892018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yunin shekarar 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 82ancolleic7alwldchc816gpmazgh2 892019 892018 2026-08-06T10:35:35Z A Salisu 14655 892019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yunin shekarar 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a shekarar 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim ɗin ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3gjodkmwkpu58xotn2gxy4cjkareu2r 892020 892019 2026-08-06T10:35:53Z A Salisu 14655 892020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yunin shekarar 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a shekarar 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim ɗin ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda kuma ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim din ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim din da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a66fsce3rx2r1e3ef7vdrh340wqu9iv 892021 892020 2026-08-06T10:36:08Z A Salisu 14655 892021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lola Margaret''' (an haife ta '''Lola Margaret Oladipupo''') ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta ƙasar Najeriya, "Auren da ake yi, dangantaka tana fallasa mutum zuwa haɗari -Lola Margaret". Jaridu masu bugawa. 26 Yunin shekarar 2022. <cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="reference-accessdate">An samo shi a ranar <span class="nowrap">19 ga Yuli</span> 2022</span>.</cite> mai shirya fina-finai da kuma darektan fim. Lola ta rasa iyayenta a shekarar 1999 kuma ta rayu duk rayuwarta ta yarinta tare da kawunta. Ayyukanta sun shiga cikin haske bayan da ta fito a matsayin jagora a fim ɗin ''Bisola Alanu'' . {{Cite web |date=26 June 2022 |title=Flaunting marriages, relationships expose one to danger –Lola Margaret |url=https://punchng.com/flaunting-marriages-relationships-expose-one-to-danger-lola-margaret/ |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}} == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Margaret a Ilesa, Jihar Osun, kudu maso yammacin Najeriya inda kuma ta ci gaba da kammala karatun sakandare da takardar shaidar jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma (WAEC). [1] Tana da digiri na farko a fannin Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jihar Legas . [2] Ayyukan Margaret na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara ne bayan ta sadu da [[Bolaji Amusan]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda ya gabatar da ita ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukanta sun zama sanannun bayan da ta taka rawar gani a fim ɗin ''Bisola Alanu'' . Lola ta kuma fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da ''Eyin Akuko'' da ''Omo Oloro'', fim ɗin da ta samar tare da irin su [[Faithia Balogun|Fathia Balogun]] da Mercy Aigbe . == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == *''Apaadi 2009 * ''Bisola Alanu 2014'' * ''Eyin Akuko'', 2008 * ''Omo Oloro'', 2016 * ''Agbara Ife'' (The Power of Love), 2016 * ''Sparrow, 2021 == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Early life and education == Tana da digirin farko a fannin Tarihi da Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Jihar Lagos|Jami'ar Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> .<ref>{{cite news |date=October 3, 2012 |title=Yoruba Actress, Lola Margaret Says She's Not Pregnant |url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/yoruba-actress-lola-margaret-says-shes-not-pregnant.html |accessdate=August 24, 2015 |work=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r6wxu0gd7miov5ucp9jsdniwelw8wb0 0 17365 891712 886709 2026-08-05T14:42:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Ibrahim Sheme''' [[marubuci]] ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] mai magana da harsuna biyu, ɗan jarida, Mai shirya fim-finai, kuma mai bugawa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita da wakilin jaridu da yawa na Najeriya, ciki har da Leadership, The Tide, New Nigerian, The Reporter, da ''Hotline Magazine'' . <ref name="inter">{{Cite web |title=Ibrahim Sheme - 'I was really overjoyed' |url=http://everythinliterature.blogspot.com.ng/2007/12/ibrahim-sheme-i-was-really-overjoyed.html |access-date=9 October 2017 |publisher=EverythinLiterature}}</ref> Ya kuma rubuta tarihin mutum na biyu a cikin gwamnatin soja na Janar [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], marigayi Manjo-Janar [[Shehu Musa Yar'Adua|Shehu Musa Yar"Adua]], da kuma tarihin rayuwar babban mawaƙi da mawaƙi na Hausa, marigayin [[Mamman Shata]] . Ya kasance editan farko na Blueprint Newspaper kuma daga baya babban editansa. Sheme ya kasance Darakta na Media da Talla a [[Buɗaɗɗiyar Jami'a ta Ƙasa, Najeriya|Jami'ar National Open ta Najeriya]] tun daga shekara ta 2016. <ref name="Sheme" /> <ref name="Sheme 3">{{Cite web |title=Ibrahim Sheme |url=http://nouedu.net/officers/mal-ibrahim-sheme |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=nouedu.net |publisher=National Open University of Nigeria}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Shemi ne a yankin karamar hukumar [[Faskari]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], a cikin shekara ta 1968 (ko da yake yana amfani da 1966 a cikin takardun hukuma). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Maigamji da makarantar firamire ta Ruwan-Godiya, duka a yankin karamar hukumar Funtua a tsohuwar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] (yanzu a jihar Katsina) tsakanin 1973-1979, kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Gwamnati, Kaduna, a shekarar 1984. Ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Sadarwar Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Bayero]], Kano (BUK), a shekarar 1989. A jami'ar, ya kasance daga cikin manyan masu gwagwarmayar wallafe-wallafen kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin babban editan The Parakeet, mujallar wallafe-walfinai, da kuma editan Bayero Beacon, jaridar harabar jami'a. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na kungiyar daliban jihar Katsina . Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ba shi kyaututtuka biyu da ake so, daya a matsayin Mafi Kyawun Dalibi a cikin sashen sa ɗayan kuma a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗalibin da ya kammala karatu a jami'ar. A shekara ta 1993, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, da Kaduna, Sheme ya ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Wales a Cardiff, Ingila, inda ya sami Jagora na Fasaha a Nazarin Sadarwa a 1994. Sheme ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren talla na kasa na [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya]] . == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Sheme na ɗaya daga cikin manyan marubuta da masu sukar adabi a arewacin Najeriya. Littafinsa na farko, "Kifin Rijiya" (The Ignoramus), wanda ya rubuta yayin da yake dalibi a Jami'ar Bayero kuma an buga shi a shekarar 1991, ya lashe matsayi na biyu a gasar rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rukuncen harsunan Arewa da gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna ta shirya. Littafinsa na biyu, "'Yartsana" (The Doll), ya lashe kyautar farko a cikin budurwa Bashir Karaye Prize for Hausa Writing . Sauran ayyukansa sun hada da "The Malam's Potion"_ (tarin gajerun labaru), labarin tafiya a kan yawon shakatawa na Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa mai taken "Ilmi Mabudin Tafiya", tarihin marigayi Manjo-Janar Shehu Musa Yar'Adua, da tarihin marigayin Alhaji Mamman Shata mai taken "Shata Ikon Allah!"Ya kuma shirya wani tarihin gajerun labaru ga Ƙungiyar Marubutan Najeriya mai taken "Cramped Rooms and Open Spaces". Sheme ya kasance babban mutum a cikin muhawara game da fiction na soyayya na Hausa wanda ya ɓarke a cikin jaridu da mujallu da yawa a arewacin Najeriya tsakanin 1991 da 1999. Magana mai ban sha'awa, wanda ake kira "The Great Soyayya Debate", ya gabatar da marubuta, masana kimiyya da masu sukar adabi kamar Ibrahim Malumfashi, [[Abdalla Uba Adamu]], Yusuf M. Adamu, Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino, da sauransu game da inganci da buƙatar litattafan soyayya da aka sani da "littattafan soyayya". Sheme ya fara muhawara a matsayin mukaddashin edita da kuma editan wallafe-wallafen Nasiha, jaridar mako-mako ta Hausa da Nationhouse Press (masu wallafa jaridar The Reporter) ke buga a Kaduna. Ya ɗauki muhawara zuwa wasu gidajen watsa labarai inda daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin edita ko edita na wallafe-wallafen: Hotline da Rana mujallu, New Nigerian, Weekly Trust, da jaridar Leadership. Tattaunawar ta ja hankalin malaman Najeriya da na kasashen waje kamar Farfesa Graham Furniss na Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka (SOAS), Jami'ar London, wanda ya rubuta shi. A tsakiyar '90s, Sheme ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren talla na kasa na Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA). Ya kuma kasance babban sakatare na ANA a Jihar Kaduna. == Ayyukan fim == Ibrahim Sheme an haɗa shi da masana'antar fina-finai mai ƙarfi a arewacin Najeriya da ake kira Kannywood . Ya rubuta rubutun ga fina-finai da yawa na Hausa har ma ya samar da wasu. Fim dinsa sun hada da Gagarabadau (Unbeatable), Daren Farko (The First Night), da Fargaba (Fear). Sheme ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙi ga mawaƙa da yawa a [[Kannywood]]. Ayyukansa mafi shahara a Kannywood, duk da haka, shine buga manyan mujallu biyu na labarai, Fim da Bidiyo . Sheme da wasu abokansa ne suka kafa Fim (ma'anar Fim) a watan Maris na shekara ta 1999, tare da Sheme a matsayin mai bugawa. Ya karɓi mujallar kowane wata a matsayin mai shi kaɗai a shekara ta 2002 kuma yana bugawa ba tare da ya gaza ba tun daga lokacin. Mujallar ta buga labarai, tambayoyi, tsegumi, da dai sauransu, game da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin masana'antar, amma daga baya ta fadada ɗaukar hoto ga al'adun Hausa gabaɗaya, tare da ɓangaren kan kiɗa na gargajiya, rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa, da sana'a. An kirkiro sashin ne bayan mutuwar Bahaushiya, mujallar kwata-kwata da Sheme ya kafa a 2006 don cika wani wuri. Mujallar Bidiyo (Video), wacce Sheme ta kafa tare da mai da hankali kawai kan fasahar yin fim, ta huta bayan bugu 10 saboda karancin tallafi saboda masu karatu sun fi son jita-jita da labarai na salon rayuwa da mujallar Fim ke bayarwa. Amma Fim ya sha wahala daga ƙananan tallace-tallace a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda yaduwar kafofin sada zumunta a cikin aikin jarida gabaɗaya. Daga fiye da 10,000 kofe a kowane wata sayarwa, ya sauka zuwa 'yan ɗari. Koyaya, mujallar ta sami canji mai mahimmanci don gudanar da kasuwancin sayar da labarai a kan layi - a cikin gidan yanar gizon ta da kuma kafofin sada zumunta. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * Gidajen ''ga [[Kungiyar Marubuta ta Najeriya|ANA]]'' rufe da wuraren budewa: Anthology of New Short Fiction (don ANA): 1999.<ref name="next">{{Cite web |title=Read to Reel: Transformation of Hausa Popular Literature from Orality to Visuality |url=http://www.auadamu.com/index.php/pd1/category/12-media-and-cultural-communication-presentations?download=69:2005-read-to-reel-transformation-of-hausa-popular-literature-from-orality-to-visuality |access-date=9 October 2017 |website=auadamu.com |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009194537/http://www.auadamu.com/index.php/pd1/category/12-media-and-cultural-communication-presentations?download=69:2005-read-to-reel-transformation-of-hausa-popular-literature-from-orality-to-visuality |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Malam's Potion da Sauran Labarai: Masu wallafa Informart, 1999. * '''Yartsana'': (a cikin ''[[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]]'') Informart Publishers, 2003. * ''Ilmi Mabud'in Tafiya.'' (Tafiye-tafiye a kan Isra'ila a cikin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]]), Informart Publishers, 2005. * ''[[Mamman Shata|Shata]] Ikon Allah!'' '' (Rubuce-rubuce na marigayi Hausa Musician, [[Mamman Shata]]) '': Masu wallafa Informart, 2006 * ''Kifin Rijiya'' (lit. The Ignoramus: a cikin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]]), Nationhouse Press, 1991 * ''Bango Ya Tsage'' (fassarar Hausa na Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart), Ba a buga shi ba == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] 0r51fnovr4ydbpqmpuhe7kzxvgqotxl 0 17435 891811 408578 2026-08-05T23:48:48Z Baffa ali 47435 891811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mikheil Saakshvili''' 'dan siyasan Georgiya ne, shugaban kasar daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2013.wanda yake da shekara 58 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1967]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 49a2f7ubwgxgxszlyhbb5ztaecly978 0 17937 891806 443276 2026-08-05T23:10:25Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kuch''' ( Persian , kuma Romanized kamar '''Kūch''' ; wanda aka fi sani da '''Kooch Nahar Khan''' da '''Kūch-e Now Ferest''' ) wani ƙauye ne a Gundumar Baqeran, a cikin Babban Gundumar Birjand, Kudancin Khorasan, [[Iran]] . A kidayar shekara ta 2006, yawan jama'arta yakai 104, a cikin iyalai 44. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fitattun Gurare a Birjand County]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] Kuch Kuch (Farisanci: كوچ, ana kuma rubuta sunansa Kūch) ƙauye ne da ke cikin Gundumar Baqeran, wadda take ƙarƙashin Babban Gundumar Birjand, a lardin South Khorasan na ƙasar Iran. Duk da kasancewarsa ƙaramin ƙauye, yana cikin ƙauyukan da ke ba da gudummawa ga harkokin noma da kiwo a gabashin Iran. Matsayi da Yanayin Ƙasa Kuch yana gabashin Iran, kusa da birnin Birjand. Yankin yana cikin ƙasar da ke da yanayin hamada da tuddai. Ruwan sama ba ya yawan sauka, don haka noma yana dogara ne kan rijiyoyi, ruwan karkashin ƙasa da kuma ƙarancin ruwan damina. Tarihi Ba a sami cikakkun bayanai da yawa game da tarihin kafa ƙauyen Kuch ba. Kamar yawancin ƙauyukan yankin South Khorasan, an yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga tsofaffin matsugunan manoma da makiyaya waɗanda suka zauna a yankin saboda samun ruwa da filayen noma. Tsarin Mulki Tsarin gudanarwar Kuch yana bi ta matakai kamar haka: Ƙasa: Iran Lardi: South Khorasan Babbar Gunduma: Birjand Gunduma: Baqeran Ƙauye: Kuch Yawan Jama'a A ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2006, Kuch yana da: Mutane: 104 Iyalai: 44 Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙauyen yana da ƙananan mazauna, inda yawancin iyalai ke rayuwa cikin kusanci da juna. Tattalin Arziki Babban abin da mazauna Kuch ke dogaro da shi shi ne: Noman alkama, sha'ir da sauran amfanin gona masu jure fari. Kiwon tumaki, awaki da wasu dabbobin gida. Wasu mazauna suna gudanar da ƙananan sana'o'in gargajiya da kasuwanci. Al'adu Mutanen Kuch galibi Farisawa ne, kuma harshen Farisanci (Persian) shi ne yaren da aka fi amfani da shi. Addinin mafi yawan mazauna shi ne Musulunci, kuma suna gudanar da bukukuwan addini da na gargajiya kamar sauran al'ummomin yankin. Ilimi da Ayyukan Jama'a Saboda ƙauyen ƙarami ne, ayyukan gwamnati kamar makarantu da cibiyoyin lafiya suna da iyaka. Mazauna kan je Birjand ko wasu manyan garuruwa domin samun manyan ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ilimi da kasuwanci. Muhimmanci Kuch yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙauyukan da ke nuna rayuwar karkara a lardin South Khorasan. Duk da ƙarancin yawan jama'arsa, yana taka rawa wajen samar da amfanin gona da kiwon dabbobi, tare da kiyaye al'adu da rayuwar gargajiya ta yankin. Takaitawa Kuch ƙaramin ƙauye ne a lardin South Khorasan na Iran mai mazauna 104 (a ƙidayar shekarar 2006). Tattalin arzikinsa ya ta'allaka ne kan noma da kiwo, kuma yana wakiltar irin rayuwar karkara da ake samu a gabashin ƙasar Iran. dnihlzaqh1b8d8xi5psw8bgtio1qjzo 0 18023 891998 286521 2026-08-06T10:21:39Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahmad Ismail Ali''' ( {{Lang-ar|أحمد إسماعيل علي}} ) (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar ta alif 1917 - zuwa ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekarar ta alif 1974), ya kuma kasance Babban-Kwamandan Askarawan [[Misra|Masar]] da kuma Ministan Yaki a lokacin Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973, kuma an fi saninsa da shirin kai harin a faɗin Suez Canal, code-mai suna Operation Badr. Mahaifiyar Ali ta kasance ƴar asalin Albaniya. == Aikin soja == * Ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Soja ta Misira a shekara ta alif 1938. * An ba da izini a cikin rundunar soja. * Ya yi aiki tare da Allies a cikin Hamada ta Yamma yayin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na biyu]]. * Ya yi yaƙi a matsayin kwamandan bataliyar sojoji a cikin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekara ta alif 1948 . * Daga baya ya sami horo a [[Birtaniya|Kingdomasar Ingila]]. * Yaƙi da sojojin Faransa-Burtaniya-Isra’ila da suka mamaye Misira a cikin Zafin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tattalin Arziki]] (rikicin Suez ) na shekara ta alif 1956, kuma ya cigaba da ƙarin horo a Tarayyar Soviet. * Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar a lokacin yakin kwana shida na shekarar alif 1967. na 1967 * Shugaba, Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka * An nada shi Babban hafsan hafsoshi a watan Maris, din shekara ta alif 1969, amma Shugaba [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] ya kore shi a watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1969, biyo bayan nasarorin da Isra’ila ta samu a lokacin yakin Kura-Kura. Magajin Nasser a matsayin Shugaba, [[Anwar Sadat|Anwar Al-Sadat]], duk da haka, kuma ya nada shi babban hafsan leken asiri a cikin watan Satumban, shekara ta alif 1970. * Daga shekarar alif 1971, zuwa shekarar alif 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Babban Jami'in Leken Asiri na Masar. A watan Oktoba, shekara alif 1972, Ali ya raka Firayim Minista Aziz Sidqi a ziyarar da ya kai Moscow, kuma, bayan dawowarsa, ya dakile yunkurin juyin mulki ga Shugaba Sadat. A wannan watan, ya maye gurbin Mohammed Ahmed Sadek mai adawa da Soviet a matsayin Ministan Tsaro, kuma aka ba shi cikakken janar. Kwarewarsa a matsayin mai dabaru, da nasarorin da ya samu wajen farfado da kwarin gwiwar sojojin na Masar sun bayyana a Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973. Bayan yakin, an mai da shi Fil Marshal a watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1973. == Mutuwa == Ali ya mutu a cikin watan Disamba, na shekara ta alif 1974, daga cutar kansa mai saurin gaske a [[Landan]], yana da shekara 57 kawai. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090116071541/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm Defencejournal.com Labari] * [https://archive.is/20130110164550/http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-9390986 Britannica.com Mataki na ashirin da] rgoptmew3y9rykaudw2rrfjz7jsurvc 891999 891998 2026-08-06T10:22:39Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ahmad Ismail Ali''' ( {{Lang-ar|أحمد إسماعيل علي}} ) (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar ta alif 1917 - zuwa ranar 26 ga watan Disamba, shekarar ta alif 1974), ya kuma kasance Babban-Kwamandan Askarawan [[Misra|Masar]] da kuma Ministan Yaki a lokacin Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973, kuma an fi saninsa da shirin kai harin a faɗin Suez Canal, code-mai suna Operation Badr. Mahaifiyar Ali ta kasance ƴar asalin Albaniya. == Aikin soja == * Ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Soja ta Misira a shekara ta alif 1938. * An ba da izini a cikin rundunar soja. * Ya yi aiki tare da Allies a cikin Hamada ta Yamma yayin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na biyu]]. * Ya yi yaƙi a matsayin kwamandan bataliyar sojoji a cikin Yaƙin Larabawa da Isra'ila na shekara ta alif 1948 . * Daga baya ya sami horo a [[Birtaniya|Kingdomasar Ingila]]. * Yaƙi da sojojin Faransa-Burtaniya-Isra’ila da suka mamaye Misira a cikin Zafin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tattalin Arziki]] (rikicin Suez ) na shekara ta alif 1956, kuma ya cigaba da ƙarin horo a Tarayyar Soviet. * Ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar a lokacin yakin kwana shida na shekarar alif 1967. na 1967 * Shugaba, Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka * An naɗa shi Babban hafsan hafsoshi a watan Maris, din shekara ta alif 1969, amma Shugaba [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] ya kore shi a watan Satumba shekara ta alif 1969, biyo bayan nasarorin da Isra’ila ta samu a lokacin yakin Kura-Kura. Magajin Nasser a matsayin Shugaba, [[Anwar Sadat|Anwar Al-Sadat]], duk da haka, kuma ya nada shi babban hafsan leken asiri a cikin watan Satumban, shekara ta alif 1970. * Daga shekarar alif 1971, zuwa shekarar alif 1972, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Babban Jami'in Leken Asiri na Masar. A watan Oktoba, shekara alif 1972, Ali ya raka Firayim Minista Aziz Sidqi a ziyarar da ya kai Moscow, kuma, bayan dawowarsa, ya dakile yunkurin juyin mulki ga Shugaba Sadat. A wannan watan, ya maye gurbin Mohammed Ahmed Sadek mai adawa da Soviet a matsayin Ministan Tsaro, kuma aka ba shi cikakken janar. Kwarewarsa a matsayin mai dabaru, da nasarorin da ya samu wajen farfado da kwarin gwiwar sojojin na Masar sun bayyana a Yakin watan Oktoba, na shekara ta alif 1973. Bayan yakin, an mai da shi Fil Marshal a watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1973. == Mutuwa == Ali ya mutu a cikin watan Disamba, na shekara ta alif 1974, daga cutar kansa mai saurin gaske a [[Landan]], yana kuma da shekara 57 kawai. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090116071541/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm Defencejournal.com Labari] * [https://archive.is/20130110164550/http://wwwa.britannica.com/eb/article-9390986 Britannica.com Mataki na ashirin da] 1jvmbikb944wek2pzxbtkp650s6bpme 0 18057 891890 494972 2026-08-06T06:02:02Z Baffa ali 47435 891890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Manos Eleutheriou''' ( Greek ; daga ranar 12, ga watan Maris shekara 1938 harzuwa ranar 22, ga watan July shekara ta 2018) marubucin waƙoƙin Girka ne, mawaƙi da kuma marubuci. Ya rubuta tarin waƙoƙi, gajerun labarai, labari, labarai biyu da waƙoƙi sama da 400. A lokaci guda ya yi aiki azaman marubuci, editan wallafe-wallafe, mai zane-zane da mai samar da rediyo. A cikin 1962, yana da shekaru 24, ya buga waƙoƙin sa na farko, ''Sinoikismos'' . A lokaci guda, ya rubuta kalmomin don "Jirgin ya tashi da karfe 8:00", wanda daga baya Mikis Theodorakis ya zagaya. A watan Oktoba 1963, ya fara aiki a ''Reader's Digest'' . Eleutheriou ya mutu a ranar 22 ga Yulin 2018 a [[Athens]] daga bugun zuciya, yana da shekara 80. <ref>[http://www.biblionet.gr/author/1557/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85,_%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82,_1938- Ελευθερίου, Μάνος, 1938-2018] {{In lang|el}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta. == [[Category:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Category:Waɗanda Suka Samu Kyautar Nobel]] [[Category:Marubuta]] kkdtocab0ym80rp6ik93zzqwe3n0p1y 0 18072 892010 527650 2026-08-06T10:28:29Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gaɓoɓin furuci''' wannan gaɓoɓi sune waɗanda suke ta kura iskar huhu da aka koro ɗon haifar da sautuka daban-daban. Misalin waɗannan sautukan sune: Baƙi da kuma abinda ya ƙunsa kamar su Harshe,Hanchi,Hakora,Handa da dai sauran su<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaYanayinFurucin.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-03-12 |archive-date=2019-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716101853/http://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaYanayinFurucin.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Stub}} ==Gaɓoɓin sune== ==Yanda suke aiki==yandasuke ==Manazarta== {{Ref list}} cvwk3sxuitern67r43zsgo2t1jq9a2q 0 18340 891683 478224 2026-08-05T13:16:54Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Rayuwarsa */ 891683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai shari’a '''Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta''' shi ne babban Alkali mafi dadewa a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991, zuwa shekara ta 2013,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnonin farar hula na jihar Katsina daga Alhaji Sa’idu Barda a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, zuwa Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema a shekara ta 2011. An haifi Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a kauyen Mahuta na [[Malumfashi|karamar hukumar Malumfashi]] ta jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1948. Mahaifinsa, Malam Abdullahi Sani Mahuta, shi ne Galadiman Katsina na 9,Hakimin Malumfashi har zuwa rasuwarsa a cikin shekara ta alif 1991. A tarihance, Dudi daya ne Galadiman Katsina na farko daga shekarar alif 1808, zuwa shekara ta Àlif 1823, kuma cikin karnoni da dama, masarautar ta gargajiya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a masarautar ta Katsina kuma ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan masarautar Katsina. == Rayuwarsa == Duk da cewa ya fito daga babban gida, amma Saddik yana rayuwa ba tare da girman kai ko nuna shi wani ne, yana mu'amalantar tsaranshi ba tare da nuna shi wani bane. Bai daɗe da shiga makarantar firamare ba ya koma cikin garin Katsina inda rayuwarsa ta ci gaba.<ref name=BL1>{{cite web | last=Mahuta | first=Saddik Abdullahi | title=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation | date=2017 | url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mahuta-saddik-abdullahi/}}</ref> == Ilimi == Saddik ya fara karatun firamare a Malumfashi amma ya gama shi a karamar hukumar Katsina tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da kuma shekara ta 1962. Ya tafi makarantar Sakandiren Gwamnati, Funtua, a cikin shekara 1963 kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a cikin shekara ta 1969. Saddik Mahuta ya halarci jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1976, inda ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar. == Aikin doka == An nada Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin mashawarcin jihar, jihar Kaduna tsakanin shekara ta 1978 zuwa shekara ta 1979. Ya zama jami'in shari'a, Kaduna Co-operative Bank Limited tsakanin shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. Tare da sauran lauyoyi,Mahuta ya kafa aikin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda aka sani da Godiya Chambers Kaduna daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1987. Katsina ta zama jiha a cikin shekara ta 1987 kuma an nada Saddik Mahuta a matsayin babban lauya na farko kuma sakatare na dindindin na sabuwar jihar tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1989. Ya zama alkalin babbar kotun a 1989,mukamin da ya rike har sai da aka nada shi a matsayin babban alkalin jihar Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1991.Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne babban jojin da ya fi dadewa a karagar mulki,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnan farar hula na farko a jamhuriya ta uku,Alhaji Sa’idu Barda, da gwamnoni biyu na farko na jamhuriya ta hudu [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|marigayi Umaru Musa. Yar'adua]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 da [[Ibrahim Shema|Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2011. Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta memba ne na Kungiyar ta Duniya.Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 2013. == Galadiman Katsina == Bayan rasuwar [[Mamman Nasir|Mai girma Justice Mamman Nasir]] a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Sarkin Katsina, Dokta AbdulMumin Kabir Usman]], ta bakin Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Katsina da Sallaman Katsina, Alhaji Bello Ifo, sun nada Mai Shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin magajinsa na Mai Shari'a Mamman Nasir. Adalcin mai ritaya an nada shi a matsayin Galadiman Katsina na 11, hakimin Malumfashi (Hakimin Malumfashi) a ranar Asabar, 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019 a Fadar Sarkin, Katsina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian judges]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e52yyqa1pzb6wpfc9xvv3et78fho7th 891684 891683 2026-08-05T13:17:42Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Ilimi */ 891684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai shari’a '''Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta''' shi ne babban Alkali mafi dadewa a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991, zuwa shekara ta 2013,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnonin farar hula na jihar Katsina daga Alhaji Sa’idu Barda a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, zuwa Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema a shekara ta 2011. An haifi Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a kauyen Mahuta na [[Malumfashi|karamar hukumar Malumfashi]] ta jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1948. Mahaifinsa, Malam Abdullahi Sani Mahuta, shi ne Galadiman Katsina na 9,Hakimin Malumfashi har zuwa rasuwarsa a cikin shekara ta alif 1991. A tarihance, Dudi daya ne Galadiman Katsina na farko daga shekarar alif 1808, zuwa shekara ta Àlif 1823, kuma cikin karnoni da dama, masarautar ta gargajiya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a masarautar ta Katsina kuma ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan masarautar Katsina. == Rayuwarsa == Duk da cewa ya fito daga babban gida, amma Saddik yana rayuwa ba tare da girman kai ko nuna shi wani ne, yana mu'amalantar tsaranshi ba tare da nuna shi wani bane. Bai daɗe da shiga makarantar firamare ba ya koma cikin garin Katsina inda rayuwarsa ta ci gaba.<ref name=BL1>{{cite web | last=Mahuta | first=Saddik Abdullahi | title=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation | date=2017 | url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mahuta-saddik-abdullahi/}}</ref> == Ilimi == Saddik ya fara karatun firamare a Malumfashi amma ya gama shi a karamar hukumar Katsina tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da kuma shekara ta 1962. Ya tafi makarantar Sakandiren Gwamnati, Funtua, a cikin shekara 1963 kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a cikin shekara ta 1969. Saddik Mahuta ya halarci jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1976, inda ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar.<ref name="longest">{{Cite web |title=Meet Justice Sadiq Abdullahi Mahuta, - Katsina's longest serving Chief Judge |url=http://katsinapost.com.ng/2019/04/27/meet-justice-sadiq-abdullahi-mahuta-katsinas-longest-serving-chief-judge/ |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> == Aikin doka == An nada Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin mashawarcin jihar, jihar Kaduna tsakanin shekara ta 1978 zuwa shekara ta 1979. Ya zama jami'in shari'a, Kaduna Co-operative Bank Limited tsakanin shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. Tare da sauran lauyoyi,Mahuta ya kafa aikin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda aka sani da Godiya Chambers Kaduna daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1987. Katsina ta zama jiha a cikin shekara ta 1987 kuma an nada Saddik Mahuta a matsayin babban lauya na farko kuma sakatare na dindindin na sabuwar jihar tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1989. Ya zama alkalin babbar kotun a 1989,mukamin da ya rike har sai da aka nada shi a matsayin babban alkalin jihar Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1991.Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne babban jojin da ya fi dadewa a karagar mulki,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnan farar hula na farko a jamhuriya ta uku,Alhaji Sa’idu Barda, da gwamnoni biyu na farko na jamhuriya ta hudu [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|marigayi Umaru Musa. Yar'adua]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 da [[Ibrahim Shema|Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2011. Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta memba ne na Kungiyar ta Duniya.Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 2013. == Galadiman Katsina == Bayan rasuwar [[Mamman Nasir|Mai girma Justice Mamman Nasir]] a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Sarkin Katsina, Dokta AbdulMumin Kabir Usman]], ta bakin Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Katsina da Sallaman Katsina, Alhaji Bello Ifo, sun nada Mai Shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin magajinsa na Mai Shari'a Mamman Nasir. Adalcin mai ritaya an nada shi a matsayin Galadiman Katsina na 11, hakimin Malumfashi (Hakimin Malumfashi) a ranar Asabar, 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019 a Fadar Sarkin, Katsina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian judges]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fpmxrz7pf79fvxm759tocb2vy3uo3uy 891686 891684 2026-08-05T13:19:15Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Aikin doka */ 891686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai shari’a '''Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta''' shi ne babban Alkali mafi dadewa a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991, zuwa shekara ta 2013,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnonin farar hula na jihar Katsina daga Alhaji Sa’idu Barda a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, zuwa Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema a shekara ta 2011. An haifi Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a kauyen Mahuta na [[Malumfashi|karamar hukumar Malumfashi]] ta jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1948. Mahaifinsa, Malam Abdullahi Sani Mahuta, shi ne Galadiman Katsina na 9,Hakimin Malumfashi har zuwa rasuwarsa a cikin shekara ta alif 1991. A tarihance, Dudi daya ne Galadiman Katsina na farko daga shekarar alif 1808, zuwa shekara ta Àlif 1823, kuma cikin karnoni da dama, masarautar ta gargajiya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a masarautar ta Katsina kuma ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan masarautar Katsina. == Rayuwarsa == Duk da cewa ya fito daga babban gida, amma Saddik yana rayuwa ba tare da girman kai ko nuna shi wani ne, yana mu'amalantar tsaranshi ba tare da nuna shi wani bane. Bai daɗe da shiga makarantar firamare ba ya koma cikin garin Katsina inda rayuwarsa ta ci gaba.<ref name=BL1>{{cite web | last=Mahuta | first=Saddik Abdullahi | title=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation | date=2017 | url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mahuta-saddik-abdullahi/}}</ref> == Ilimi == Saddik ya fara karatun firamare a Malumfashi amma ya gama shi a karamar hukumar Katsina tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da kuma shekara ta 1962. Ya tafi makarantar Sakandiren Gwamnati, Funtua, a cikin shekara 1963 kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a cikin shekara ta 1969. Saddik Mahuta ya halarci jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1976, inda ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar.<ref name="longest">{{Cite web |title=Meet Justice Sadiq Abdullahi Mahuta, - Katsina's longest serving Chief Judge |url=http://katsinapost.com.ng/2019/04/27/meet-justice-sadiq-abdullahi-mahuta-katsinas-longest-serving-chief-judge/ |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> == Aikin doka == An nada Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin mashawarcin jihar, jihar Kaduna tsakanin shekara ta 1978 zuwa shekara ta 1979.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ex-Court of Appeal President, Justice Mamman Nasir is dead|access-date=6 June 2019|url=https://punchng.com/ex-court-of-appeal-president-justice-mamman-nasir-is-dead|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ya zama jami'in shari'a, Kaduna Co-operative Bank Limited tsakanin shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. Tare da sauran lauyoyi,Mahuta ya kafa aikin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda aka sani da Godiya Chambers Kaduna daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1987. Katsina ta zama jiha a cikin shekara ta 1987 kuma an nada Saddik Mahuta a matsayin babban lauya na farko kuma sakatare na dindindin na sabuwar jihar tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1989. Ya zama alkalin babbar kotun a 1989,mukamin da ya rike har sai da aka nada shi a matsayin babban alkalin jihar Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1991.Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne babban jojin da ya fi dadewa a karagar mulki,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnan farar hula na farko a jamhuriya ta uku,Alhaji Sa’idu Barda, da gwamnoni biyu na farko na jamhuriya ta hudu [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|marigayi Umaru Musa. Yar'adua]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 da [[Ibrahim Shema|Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2011. Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta memba ne na Kungiyar ta Duniya.Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 2013. == Galadiman Katsina == Bayan rasuwar [[Mamman Nasir|Mai girma Justice Mamman Nasir]] a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Sarkin Katsina, Dokta AbdulMumin Kabir Usman]], ta bakin Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Katsina da Sallaman Katsina, Alhaji Bello Ifo, sun nada Mai Shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin magajinsa na Mai Shari'a Mamman Nasir. Adalcin mai ritaya an nada shi a matsayin Galadiman Katsina na 11, hakimin Malumfashi (Hakimin Malumfashi) a ranar Asabar, 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019 a Fadar Sarkin, Katsina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian judges]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pda6fsd3fuh0er24q5cfqoyfzog4vjf 891688 891686 2026-08-05T13:20:39Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Aikin doka */ 891688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai shari’a '''Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta''' shi ne babban Alkali mafi dadewa a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991, zuwa shekara ta 2013,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnonin farar hula na jihar Katsina daga Alhaji Sa’idu Barda a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, zuwa Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema a shekara ta 2011. An haifi Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a kauyen Mahuta na [[Malumfashi|karamar hukumar Malumfashi]] ta jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1948. Mahaifinsa, Malam Abdullahi Sani Mahuta, shi ne Galadiman Katsina na 9,Hakimin Malumfashi har zuwa rasuwarsa a cikin shekara ta alif 1991. A tarihance, Dudi daya ne Galadiman Katsina na farko daga shekarar alif 1808, zuwa shekara ta Àlif 1823, kuma cikin karnoni da dama, masarautar ta gargajiya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a masarautar ta Katsina kuma ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan masarautar Katsina. == Rayuwarsa == Duk da cewa ya fito daga babban gida, amma Saddik yana rayuwa ba tare da girman kai ko nuna shi wani ne, yana mu'amalantar tsaranshi ba tare da nuna shi wani bane. Bai daɗe da shiga makarantar firamare ba ya koma cikin garin Katsina inda rayuwarsa ta ci gaba.<ref name=BL1>{{cite web | last=Mahuta | first=Saddik Abdullahi | title=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation | date=2017 | url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mahuta-saddik-abdullahi/}}</ref> == Ilimi == Saddik ya fara karatun firamare a Malumfashi amma ya gama shi a karamar hukumar Katsina tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da kuma shekara ta 1962. Ya tafi makarantar Sakandiren Gwamnati, Funtua, a cikin shekara 1963 kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a cikin shekara ta 1969. Saddik Mahuta ya halarci jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1976, inda ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar.<ref name="longest">{{Cite web |title=Meet Justice Sadiq Abdullahi Mahuta, - Katsina's longest serving Chief Judge |url=http://katsinapost.com.ng/2019/04/27/meet-justice-sadiq-abdullahi-mahuta-katsinas-longest-serving-chief-judge/ |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> == Aikin doka == An nada Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin mashawarcin jihar, jihar Kaduna tsakanin shekara ta 1978 zuwa shekara ta 1979.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ex-Court of Appeal President, Justice Mamman Nasir is dead|access-date=6 June 2019|url=https://punchng.com/ex-court-of-appeal-president-justice-mamman-nasir-is-dead|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ya zama jami'in shari'a, Kaduna Co-operative Bank Limited tsakanin shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. Tare da sauran lauyoyi,Mahuta ya kafa aikin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda aka sani da Godiya Chambers Kaduna daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1987. Katsina ta zama jiha a cikin shekara ta 1987 kuma an nada Saddik Mahuta a matsayin babban lauya na farko kuma sakatare na dindindin na sabuwar jihar tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Daily Trust|via=PressReader|title=Mahuta Appointed Galadiman Katsina|url= https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20190501/281633896658859|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> Ya zama alkalin babbar kotun a 1989,mukamin da ya rike har sai da aka nada shi a matsayin babban alkalin jihar Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1991.Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne babban jojin da ya fi dadewa a karagar mulki,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnan farar hula na farko a jamhuriya ta uku,Alhaji Sa’idu Barda, da gwamnoni biyu na farko na jamhuriya ta hudu [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|marigayi Umaru Musa. Yar'adua]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 da [[Ibrahim Shema|Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2011. Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta memba ne na Kungiyar ta Duniya.Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 2013. == Galadiman Katsina == Bayan rasuwar [[Mamman Nasir|Mai girma Justice Mamman Nasir]] a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Sarkin Katsina, Dokta AbdulMumin Kabir Usman]], ta bakin Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Katsina da Sallaman Katsina, Alhaji Bello Ifo, sun nada Mai Shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin magajinsa na Mai Shari'a Mamman Nasir. Adalcin mai ritaya an nada shi a matsayin Galadiman Katsina na 11, hakimin Malumfashi (Hakimin Malumfashi) a ranar Asabar, 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019 a Fadar Sarkin, Katsina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian judges]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] psostnhzfwc8y247epvzl9ib53yl993 891689 891688 2026-08-05T13:21:23Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 /* Galadiman Katsina */ 891689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mai shari’a '''Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta''' shi ne babban Alkali mafi dadewa a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] daga shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya miladiyya 1991, zuwa shekara ta 2013,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnonin farar hula na jihar Katsina daga Alhaji Sa’idu Barda a shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991, zuwa Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema a shekara ta 2011. An haifi Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a kauyen Mahuta na [[Malumfashi|karamar hukumar Malumfashi]] ta jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1948. Mahaifinsa, Malam Abdullahi Sani Mahuta, shi ne Galadiman Katsina na 9,Hakimin Malumfashi har zuwa rasuwarsa a cikin shekara ta alif 1991. A tarihance, Dudi daya ne Galadiman Katsina na farko daga shekarar alif 1808, zuwa shekara ta Àlif 1823, kuma cikin karnoni da dama, masarautar ta gargajiya ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a masarautar ta Katsina kuma ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan masarautar Katsina. == Rayuwarsa == Duk da cewa ya fito daga babban gida, amma Saddik yana rayuwa ba tare da girman kai ko nuna shi wani ne, yana mu'amalantar tsaranshi ba tare da nuna shi wani bane. Bai daɗe da shiga makarantar firamare ba ya koma cikin garin Katsina inda rayuwarsa ta ci gaba.<ref name=BL1>{{cite web | last=Mahuta | first=Saddik Abdullahi | title=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation | date=2017 | url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/mahuta-saddik-abdullahi/}}</ref> == Ilimi == Saddik ya fara karatun firamare a Malumfashi amma ya gama shi a karamar hukumar Katsina tsakanin shekara ta 1956 da kuma shekara ta 1962. Ya tafi makarantar Sakandiren Gwamnati, Funtua, a cikin shekara 1963 kuma ya kammala karatun sakandare a cikin shekara ta 1969. Saddik Mahuta ya halarci jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, Zariya daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 1976, inda ya sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma aka kira shi zuwa mashaya a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Lauya ta Najeriya a cikin shekarar.<ref name="longest">{{Cite web |title=Meet Justice Sadiq Abdullahi Mahuta, - Katsina's longest serving Chief Judge |url=http://katsinapost.com.ng/2019/04/27/meet-justice-sadiq-abdullahi-mahuta-katsinas-longest-serving-chief-judge/ |accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> == Aikin doka == An nada Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin mashawarcin jihar, jihar Kaduna tsakanin shekara ta 1978 zuwa shekara ta 1979.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ex-Court of Appeal President, Justice Mamman Nasir is dead|access-date=6 June 2019|url=https://punchng.com/ex-court-of-appeal-president-justice-mamman-nasir-is-dead|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ya zama jami'in shari'a, Kaduna Co-operative Bank Limited tsakanin shekara ta 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. Tare da sauran lauyoyi,Mahuta ya kafa aikin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda aka sani da Godiya Chambers Kaduna daga shekara ta 1983 zuwa shekara ta 1987. Katsina ta zama jiha a cikin shekara ta 1987 kuma an nada Saddik Mahuta a matsayin babban lauya na farko kuma sakatare na dindindin na sabuwar jihar tsakanin shekara ta 1987 zuwa shekara ta 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Daily Trust|via=PressReader|title=Mahuta Appointed Galadiman Katsina|url= https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20190501/281633896658859|accessdate=6 June 2019}}</ref> Ya zama alkalin babbar kotun a 1989,mukamin da ya rike har sai da aka nada shi a matsayin babban alkalin jihar Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1991.Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta shi ne babban jojin da ya fi dadewa a karagar mulki,kuma ya rantsar da gwamnan farar hula na farko a jamhuriya ta uku,Alhaji Sa’idu Barda, da gwamnoni biyu na farko na jamhuriya ta hudu [[Umaru Musa Yar'Adua|marigayi Umaru Musa. Yar'adua]] a shekara ta 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2003 da [[Ibrahim Shema|Barista Ibrahim Shehu Shema]] a shekara ta 2007 zuwa shekara ta 2011. Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta memba ne na Kungiyar ta Duniya.Ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 2013. == Galadiman Katsina == Bayan rasuwar [[Mamman Nasir|Mai girma Justice Mamman Nasir]] a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman|Sarkin Katsina, Dokta AbdulMumin Kabir Usman]], ta bakin Sakataren Majalisar Masarautar Katsina da Sallaman Katsina, Alhaji Bello Ifo, sun nada Mai Shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta a matsayin magajinsa na Mai Shari'a Mamman Nasir. Adalcin mai ritaya an nada shi a matsayin Galadiman Katsina na 11, hakimin Malumfashi (Hakimin Malumfashi) a ranar Asabar, 1 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019 a Fadar Sarkin, Katsina. <ref>{{Cite news|title=New Galadiman Katsina Justice Abdullahi Mahuta Turbaned|url=https://www.independent.ng/new-galadiman-katsina-justice-abdullahi-mahuta-turbaned|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=6 June 2019|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Nigerian judges]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b0gqj7z7hvk6e80ewuc3docibi7r0bn 0 18936 891789 890079 2026-08-05T22:19:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:International_Indian_School,_Dammam,_pic_2.jpg|alt=Boys and KG section|thumb|254x254px| '''Makarantar Indiya ta Duniya, Dammam''']] '''Makarantar Indiya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Dammam''' (wacce a da ake kira Makarantar Ofishin Jakadancin [[Indiya]]) tana cikin Lardin Gabas, [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]]. Babban shugaban makarantar a yanzu Mista Zubair Ahmed Khan [2019]. Ita ce mafi girma dangane da yanki da kuma yawan ɗalibai a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Sannan an ginashi a shekara ta 1982 .{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Saudiyya]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Indiya]] 4wv4i2ar3ebqv00yatwfw7aridfpv55 0 19082 891946 443540 2026-08-06T08:39:30Z Baffa ali 47435 891946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Habashabad''' ( Persian , kuma Romanized as '''Ḩabashābād''' ) wani ƙauye ne a cikin Gundumar Beyza ta Gari, Gundumar Beyza, Gundumar Sepidan, Lardin Fars, [[Iran]] . A kidayar shekara ta 2006, akwai adadin yawan jama'a ya kai kimanin mutum 141, a cikin iyalai 30. A kasar iran akwai beyza county. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Garuruwa]] [[Category:Birane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9kb07fsuy2iwm837aq6i3kelp198xte 0 19686 891963 878285 2026-08-06T10:01:48Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Kura''' gari ne dake a Ƙaramar hukumar [[Kafur]] ta [[Katsina|Jihar Katsina]] Najeriya.<ref name=":0">https://www.citydir.org/NG/Katsina/Kafur/Dutsen-Kura/Cities/Dutsin-Kura/{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.mindat.org/feature-9411178.html</ref><ref>http://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/9411178-region2-dutsen-kura.html{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hfr-testing.health.gov.ng/facilities/hospitals-list?page=820 |access-date=2021-04-14 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414134009/https://hfr-testing.health.gov.ng/facilities/hospitals-list?page=820 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dutsen Kura gari ne na shahararren ɗan jaridar nan na sashen Hausa na DW dake a ƙasar [[Jamus]] wato Zaharaddin Umar Dutsen-kura. Kuma gari ne na Alhaji Khalil Bako, tsohon sakataren dindindin a ma'aikatar ƙananan hukumomi da masarautu ta jihar katsina sannan kuma shi ne dagacin garin na Dutsen-kura baya ga haka ya riƙe Kwamishina na dindindin a ma'aikatar samarda aiyuka ta [[jihar Katsina]]. ===Sanannun Mutane=== Alhaji Halilu Bako. Alhaji Abubakar Sani Maza wajen galadiman Katsina Abdullahi Bello Wakilin Uban Dawakin Dutsen kura Kuma Garkuwan kudun Galadiman Katsina<ref name=":0" /> ===Hotunan Dutsen Kura=== [[File:Fada construction.jpg|thumb|Dutsen Kura village head Palace]] [[File:Fadar HakiminDutsen kura.jpg|thumb|District head Palace Dutsen Kura.]] ==Anguwanni== #Unguwar Tsamiya #Gidan Kawo #Unguwar Madaki #Unguwar Diyami # Unguwar Baro # <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://dclhausa.com/tag/zaharaddeen-umar-dutsen-kura/ |access-date=2021-04-14 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414134008/https://dclhausa.com/tag/zaharaddeen-umar-dutsen-kura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://audioboom.com/Babanfadila2016 |access-date=2021-04-14 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414134007/https://audioboom.com/Babanfadila2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 30wrpk0nisbceelw5ptqpckd6hakvh8 0 19826 891788 448234 2026-08-05T22:17:49Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 891788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Jihar Delta''' babbar makaranta ce ta koyo a cikin Cleveland, USA. Sannan sunada maaikata wadda yakai kimanin 632 (satunba 2020) . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Delta]] 36tezsz5bckhvzmrkxm598h0mmz1xxn 0 19990 891808 410131 2026-08-05T23:13:07Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mtvari Arkhi''' (wanda aka fassara shi zuwa Babban Channel) tashar telebijin ce mai zaman kanta a Georgia. An kafa shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2019, ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2019. Babban daraktan tashar Talabijin din Nika Gvaramia ne. Mafi yawa daga cikin rukunin tashar gidan talabijin sun hada da mutanen da suka bar Rustavi 2. Ana watsa shi a duk fadin Georgia, duka a cikin iska da kuma ta hanyar tauraron dan adam, ta hanyar masu amfani da waya da talabijin na IP. {{Stub}} Cikakken bayani game da Mtavari Arkhi Mtavari Arkhi (a harshen Jojiya: მთავარი არხი, ma'ana "Babbar Tasha") tsohuwar tashar talabijin ce mai zaman kanta a ƙasar Georgia. An kafa ta ne domin samar da labarai da shirye-shiryen siyasa cikin 'yanci, musamman bayan rikice-rikicen da suka faru a tashar Rustavi 2. Kafuwa An kafa Mtavari Arkhi a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2019, sannan ta fara watsa shirye-shiryenta a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2019. Wanda ya jagoranci kafuwar tashar shi ne Nika Gvaramia, tsohon babban daraktan Rustavi 2. Dalilin kafuwar tashar Bayan sauyin shugabanci da mallakar Rustavi 2 a shekarar 2019, ma'aikata da dama ciki har da 'yan jarida, masu gabatar da shirye-shirye da editoci sun bar tashar. Daga nan ne suka haɗu suka kafa Mtavari Arkhi domin ci gaba da aikin jarida mai zaman kansa. Shirye-shiryen tashar Mtavari Arkhi ta kasance tana gabatar da: Labaran cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Shirye-shiryen siyasa da tattaunawa. Binciken aikin gwamnati da rahotannin musamman. Shirye-shiryen nishaɗi. Tattaunawa da masana kan al'amuran yau da kullum. Yadda take watsa shirye-shirye Tashar ta kasance tana isa ga masu kallo ta hanyoyi daban-daban: Talabijin na ƙasa. Tauraron ɗan adam (Satellite). Cable TV. IPTV. Yanar gizo da manhajojin zamani. Tasirinta A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan kafuwarta, Mtavari Arkhi ta zama ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin talabijin da aka fi kallo a Georgia. Ta yi suna wajen gabatar da rahotanni masu bincike da kuma shirye-shiryen siyasa, lamarin da ya sa ta zama muhimmin kafar yaɗa labarai a ƙasar. Matsaloli Tashar ta fuskanci matsalolin kuɗi da kuma rikice-rikicen shugabanci. Haka kuma ta yi fama da matsin lamba saboda rahotannin siyasa da take wallafawa. Dakatar da watsa shirye-shirye A shekarar 2025, saboda matsalolin kuɗi, tashar ta rage shirye-shiryenta sosai. Daga bisani, a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2025, ta daina watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin gaba ɗaya. Sai dai shafinta na yanar gizo da kafofin sada zumunta sun ci gaba da yaɗa labarai. Muhimmancinta Ko da yake ta daina watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin, Mtavari Arkhi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa aikin jarida mai zaman kansa a Georgia. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai da suka ba jama'a damar samun rahotanni masu zaman kansu da kuma tattaunawar siyasa cikin 'yanci. r3dm40ssbnv9torc2vbhfsp762dzied 0 20408 891974 801535 2026-08-06T10:07:50Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bukar''' ko '''Bukar Kura bin Umar al-Kanemi''' (c. an haife shi a shekarar 1830-c. 1884 ko 1885), shi ne ''Shehu'' na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Borno]] shekarar daga 1881 zuwa c. 1884. == Sarautar Bukar == Bukar ya zama [[shehun Borno]] ne a shekarar 1881, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Umar I ibn Muhammad al-Amin . Mulkinsa na shekaru uku ya kasance cikin mummunan rikicin tattalin arziki wanda ya tilasta masa sanya haraji akan talakawansa. A cikin [[Kanuri|yaren Kanuri]], ana kiran wannan harajin ''kumoreji'' (ya raba rabi ga mabuƙsta), wanda ke nufin cewa Bukar ya ba da rabin dukiyar talakawansa. <ref>Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88.</ref> <ref> name="Palmer">Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.</ref> == Bukar kamar a ziyarar turawa Heinrich Barth ya gani == A cikin shekarata 1851, wani balaguron ƙasar Biritaniya karkashin jagorancin [[Heinrich Barth|Heinrich Barth ya]] isa Borno. Barth ya hadu da '''Bukar''' lokacin da yake kusan shekara goma sha biyu kuma a cewarsa ya kasanc<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukar_Kura_of_Borno</ref> [[File:Bukar_Kura_Tomb.jpg|center|thumb| Kabarin Bukar Kura, [[Kukawa]], [[Borno|Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]]] == Daular == {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Kanemi]]}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-break}} {{S-end}} == Bayanin kafa ==  I == Litattafan tarihi == * Barth, Heinrich, [https://books.google.com/books?id=W8ByAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Balaguro da Ganowa a Arewa da Tsakiyar Afirka''] (London: Longman, 1857). * Brenner, Louis, ''Shehus na Kukawa: Tarihin Daular Al-Kanemi na Bornu'', Nazarin Oxford a Harkokin Afirka (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973). * Cohen, Ronald, ''Kanuri na Bornu'', Nazarin Shari'a a Anthropology na Al'adu (New York: Holt, 1967). * Isichei, Elizabeth, ''Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.&nbsp;318–320,  . * Lange, Dierk, 'Masarautu da mutanen Chadi', a cikin ''tarihin Afirka'' gabaɗaya, ed. da Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), shafi na.&nbsp;238-265. * Na karshe, Murray, 'Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno', a cikin ''Histoire Generale De l'Afrique'', Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), shafi na.&nbsp;599–646. * [http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/1826/LAVERS_1993.pdf Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: Tarihin aiki" a cikin ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a.]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/1826/LAVERS_1993.pdf M. 1993: 179-186.]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Nachtigal, Gustav, ''Sahara und Sudan : Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen a cikin Afirka'' (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879). *  <bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOliver,_Roland_&_Anthony_Atmore2005">[[Musamman: Tushen Littafin / 0-521-83615-8|0-521-83615-8]]</cite></bdi> * Palmer, Herbert Richmond, ''The Bornu Sahara da Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936). *  <bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTaher,_Mohamed1997">[[Musamman: Tushen Littafin / 81-261-0403-1|81-261-0403-1]]</cite></bdi> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == == Manazarta == == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202400/http://www.kanuri.net/index.php Studiesungiyar Nazarin Kanuri] [[Category :Borno]] [[Category :sarauta]] [[Category :Birtaniya]] [[Category :Daular Borno]] [[Category :Manyan mutane]] <references /> 1tcivdvtae1mr8hdmvbr7noj2hvl2qj 0 20531 891755 785046 2026-08-05T20:35:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:RSUST LAW FACULTY.jpg|thumb|Sashin shari'a na jami'ar Ribas]] [[Fayil:Faculty of Sciences, Rivers State University.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Jihar Ribas]] '''Jami'ar Jihar Ribas''' ( '''RVSU''' ko '''RSU''' ), tsohuwar '''Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas (UST)''' wata jami'a ce da ke yankin Diobu na [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], [[Rivers|Jihar Ribas]], [[Najeriya]]. Jami'ar na da ƙarfin ma'aikata 3,000 da ɗalibai 22,400 har zuwa shekara ta 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivers State University - Port Harcourt|url=https://www.leerajobs.com/companies/rivers-state-university-port-harcourt/|website=Leera Jobs Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-24}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce jami'ar fasaha ta farko a Nijeriya sannan kuma jami'a ce ta farko da ta kasance a cikin yankin [[Niger Delta]]. A cikin shekarar 2014, an kuma saka ta a matsayin mafi kyawun cibiyar koyar da ilimi ta intanet a Najeriya, kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin babbar jami'a ta 15th a cikin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://myschool.com.ng/school/news/29688/top-universities-in-nigeria-2014-by-ranking.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-06-04 |archive-date=2017-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822140129/https://myschool.com.ng/school/news/29688/top-universities-in-nigeria-2014-by-ranking.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar na yanzu shi ne Farfesa Nlerum Sunday Okogbule.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=https://www.rsu.edu.ng/index.php/about/8-rsust|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.rsu.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524083659/https://www.rsu.edu.ng/index.php/about/8-rsust|url-status=dead}}</ref> Farfesa Okogbule gogaggen malami ne, mai tausayin mutane kuma mara girman kai, marubuci ne, fitaccen mai rajin kare hakkin dan adam, Lauya mai martaba da girmamawa, kuma Mashahurin Malami na Kasa da Kasa wanda ya yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a Jami'ar kafin ya hau kan matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar. == Tarihi == An kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas a shekarar 1972 a matsayin Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivers State University {{!}} Ranking & Review|url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/3457.htm|access-date=2021-05-24|website=www.4icu.org|archive-date=2024-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526044025/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/3457.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba ta matsayin jami'a mai zaman kanta a cikin shekarar 1980 kuma an sake sauya shi daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha zuwa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas. Ita kadai ce jami'ar da aka yarda da ita don bayar da shirye-shiryen digiri a cikin Injiniyan Ruwa. == Fannoni da kwasa-kwasai == === Fannonin Kimiyya === * Ma'aikatar Chemistry. * Ma'aikatar Biochemistry. * Sashen ilimin jiki (anatomy). * Sashen Lissafi. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Kwamfuta. * Ma'aikatar Biochemistry. * Ma'aikatar Dabba da Muhalli. * Ma'aikatar Ilimin Halittu. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Shuka da. Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kere-kere. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Labburari da magani. * Ma'aikatar ilimin kasa. === Fannin ƙere-ƙere === * Ma'aikatar Jama'a. ** Babbar Injiniya. ** Injiniyan Gini. ** Ruwan lantarki. * Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Ruwa. * Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Man Fetur * Ma'aikatar Injin Injiniya. * Ma'aikatar Injin Injin Lantarki. * Ma'aikatar kyamikal / injiniyan. man petur. * Ma'aikatar Noma da Injiniyan Muhalli. === Fannin doka/Shari'a === * Ma'aikatar Dokar Kasuwanci. * Ma'aikatar Dokar Duniya. * Ma'aikatar Dokar Jama'a. * Ma'aikatar Dokar Keɓaɓɓu da. Dokoki. * Ma'aikatar Doka mai zaman kanta da Dokar Laifi. === Fannin Kimiyyar Gudanarwa === * Ma'aikatar Ofishin Kuma Gudanar da Bayanai * Ma'aikatar Talla * Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa * Ma'aikatar Banki Da Kudi * Ma'aikatar Akawu === Fannin Kimiyyar Muhalli === * Ma'aikatar Bincike Da giyomatik. * Ma'aikatar Kula da Gidaje. * Ma'aikatar Kulawa da yawa. * Ma'aikatar Gine-gine. * Sashen Tsara Birane Da Yankuna. === Fannin Aikin Gona === * Ma'aikatar gandun daji da muhalli. * Ma'aikatar Noma da Aiwatar da Tattalin Arziki. * Ma'aikatar Fadada aikin gona da cigaban karkara. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Dabbobi. * Ma'aikatar Masana'antu / Kasa. * Ma'aikatar Masunta da Muhalli da Ruwa. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Abinci da Fasaha. * Ma'aikatar gandun daji da muhalli. * Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Gida da Gudanarwa. === Sashen Ilimi === * Ma'aikatar Ilimin Manya * Ma'aikatar Kwarewa da Ilimin Fasaha * Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Ilimi * Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta farko * Ma'aikatar Ilimin Kasuwanci * Ma'aikatar Ilimin Kimiyya * Ma'aikatar Laburare da Kimiyyar Bayanai === Fannin 'Yan Adam === * Sashen Turanci da Adabi * Sashen Tarihi da Alakar Kasa da Kasa * Ma'aikatar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo * Sashen Falsafa * Sashen Nazarin Addini === Kwalejin Kimiyyar Zamani === * Ma'aikatar Sadarwa. * Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa. * Ma'aikatar Ilimin halin dan Adam. * Sashen ilimin kasa. * Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki. == Tsoffin ɗalibai == * Magnus Abe, Sanata na Tarayyar Najeriya * [[Judith Amaechi]], tsohuwar Uwargidan Gwamnan Jihar Ribas * [[Tonto Dikeh]], Jaruma * [[Asari-Dokubo|Mujahid Dokubo-Asari]], dan gwagwarmayar Ijaw (ya bar kafin kammala karatu) * Manuela George-Izunwa, Dan Siyasa. * Austin Opara, tsohon mataimakin kakakin majalisar wakilai ta Najeriya. * Goodluck Nanah Opiah, Dan Siyasa * [[Felicity Okpete Ovai]], Injiniya * [[Mary Uranta]], Jaruma, Furodusa, Mawaƙa * [[Eberechi Wike]], Alkalin babbar kotun shari’a ta jihar Ribas * [[Ezenwo Wike|Nyesom Ezenwo Wike]], Gwamnan jihar Ribas na yanzu. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.ust.edu.ng/ Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625191448/http://www.ust.edu.ng/ |date=2024-06-25 }} * [http://www.liveschoolnews.com.ng/ Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Ribas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525002614/http://liveschoolnews.com.ng/ |date=2024-05-25 }}. [[category: Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Najeriya]] c22awp9h1k0odleb24ds283zw0fd33b 0 21166 891973 792928 2026-08-06T10:07:19Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ibrahim''' ko '''Ibrahim bin Umar al-Kanemi''' (1840s-c. 1885) shi ne [[Masarautar Borno|Shehu]] na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Borno]] daga c. Shekarar 1884 zuwa c. 1885. Ibrahim ya zama ''shehun'' Borno ne a shekarar 1884 a lokacin da dan uwansa [[Bukar Kura of Borno|Bukar Kura]] ya kuma rasu. Kawun nasa, Abba Masta Kura an san shi ''Shehu ne'' a gabansa amma Ibrahim ya kuma yi nasarar bayar da cin hancin zuwa gadon sarauta. Mulkinsa na shekara guda ya kasance cikin tsananin rikicin siyasa a [[Kukawa]] . <ref>Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88.</ref> <ref name="Palmer">Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.</ref> == Daular == {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Kanemi]]}} {{S-reg}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-break}} {{S-end}} == Bayani ==   # Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: a Working Chronology" in ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a. M. 1993: 179-186. # '''^''' Louis Brenner, ''The Shehus of Kukawa: A History of the Al-Kanemi Dynasty of Bornu'', Oxford Studies in African Affairs (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973), pp.86-88. # '''^''' Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269. == Bibliography == * Barth, Heinrich, [[iarchive:travelsanddisco11bartgoog|''Balaguro da Ganowa a Arewa da Tsakiyar Afirka'']] (London: Longman, 1857). * Brenner, Louis, ''Shehus na Kukawa: Tarihin Daular Al-Kanemi na Bornu'', Nazarin Oxford a Harkokin Afirka (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973). * Cohen, Ronald, ''Kanuri na Bornu'', Nazarin Shari'a a Anthropology na Al'adu (New York: Holt, 1967). * Isichei, Elizabeth, ''Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.&nbsp;318–320,  . * Lange, Dierk, 'Masarautu da mutanen Chadi', a cikin ''Tarihin Afirka'' gabaɗaya, ed. da Djibril Tamsir Niane, IV (London: Unesco, Heinemann, 1984), shafi na.&nbsp;238-265. * Na karshe, Murray, 'Le Califat De Sokoto Et Borno', a cikin ''Histoire Generale De l'Afrique'', Rev. ed. (Paris: Presence Africaine, 1986), shafi na.&nbsp;599–646. * [http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/1826/LAVERS_1993.pdf Lavers, John, "The Al- Kanimiyyin Shehus: Tarihin aiki" a cikin ''Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs'', 268, Bd. 2, Frankfurt a.]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/1826/LAVERS_1993.pdf M. 1993: 179-186.]{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Nachtigal, Gustav, ''Sahara und Sudan : Ergebnisse Sechsjähriger Reisen a cikin Afirka'' (Berlin: Weidmann, 1879). *  <bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOliver,_Roland_&_Anthony_Atmore2005">[[Musamman: Tushen Littafin / 0-521-83615-8|0-521-83615-8]]</cite></bdi> * Palmer, Herbert Richmond, ''The Bornu Sahara da Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936). *  <bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFTaher,_Mohamed1997">[[Musamman: Tushen Littafin / 81-261-0403-1|81-261-0403-1]]</cite></bdi> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717202400/http://www.kanuri.net/index.php kungiyar Nazarin Kanuri] [[Category:Sarakunan Borno]] [[Category:Matattu 1885]] [[Category:Daular Kanem Borno]] [[Category:Daular Kanem Bornu]] [[Category:Labarin ƙasa]] kyj347gccb6a8ou38desy5bmzl7bppc 0 21241 891807 567810 2026-08-05T23:11:35Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helene Magdalena Hofknecht''' (an haife ta ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairu, 1929) ita ce 'yar wasan Jamus. Ta shiga cikin tsalle-tsalle na mata a gasar Olympics ta bazara na shekarar 1952.<ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ho/leni-hofknecht-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417224405/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ho/leni-hofknecht-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 April 2020|title=Leni Hofknecht Olympic Results|accessdate=14 December 2017}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1929]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Matan Jamus]] Leni Hofknecht (Helene Magdalena Hofknecht) Leni Hofknecht, wacce cikakken sunanta Helene Magdalena Hofknecht (daga baya Helene Magdalena Mader bayan aure), fitacciyar 'yar wasan guje-guje da tsalle ce ta Jamus. An haife ta a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1929 a garin Bayreuth na jihar Bavaria, Jamus, kuma ta rasu a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2021 a Jennersville, jihar Pennsylvania ta Amurka, tana da shekaru 92. Farkon rayuwa Leni ta taso a Bayreuth, inda ta fara nuna ƙwarewa tun tana yarinya a wasannin guje-guje. Tun tana da kusan shekara 17 ta zama fitacciyar 'yar tsere a tseren mita 100 da kuma tsalle mai nisa. Ta wakilci ƙungiyar TS Bayreuth, kuma ta yi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙwararrun 'yan wasa mata na Jamus a ƙarshen shekarun 1940 da farkon shekarun 1950. Nasarori a Jamus A shekarun 1950 da 1952, Leni ta zama mataimakiyar zakara ta Jamus (German runner-up) a gasar tsalle mai nisa. Mafi kyawun tsallenta ya kai mita 5.91, wanda ya kasance babban tarihi a gare ta. Gasar Olympics ta 1952 Saboda Jamus ba ta samu damar shiga Gasar Olympics ta 1948 ba bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Leni ta rasa damar fafatawa a lokacin, duk da cewa tsallenta na lokacin zai iya ba ta lambar tagulla. Daga baya ta samu damar wakiltar Jamus a Gasar Olympics ta Bazara ta 1952 a Helsinki, Finland. A gasar tsalle mai nisa ta mata, ta yi tsallen mita 5.41 a zagayen share fage, sannan ta kammala gasar a matsayi na 15. Duk da cewa ba ta samu lambar yabo ba, kasancewarta cikin 'yan wasan Olympics babban abin alfahari ne. Rayuwarta bayan Olympics Kafin gasar Olympics ta 1952, Leni ta kasance ɗalibar musayar karatu a Winona State Teacher's College a jihar Minnesota, Amurka. Bayan gasar, ta auri Ba'amurke mai suna Frederick Mader, sannan ta koma zaune a Amurka. A can ta fara kula da iyalinta, sannan daga shekarun 1960 ta mayar da hankali kan fasahar zane. Ta yi fice wajen zanen mai (oil painting) da zanen ruwa (watercolor), kuma an nuna ayyukanta a wurare da dama. Wasu daga cikin zanenta an ba da gudummawa ga asibitoci da cibiyoyin lafiya. Muhimmancinta Leni Hofknecht tana cikin matan da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa wasannin guje-guje na mata a Jamus bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Duk da cewa ba ta lashe lambar yabo ta Olympics ba, ta bar tarihi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsalle mai nisa na ƙasarta. i9nr5r316er7ksk9vbt8v2i0rewgdwi 4 21908 891781 891514 2026-08-05T21:27:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 891781 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Поль Крол Злой Диктатор]] |[[Special:Contributions/Поль Крол Злой Диктатор|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 31 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Galaxybeing|Galaxybeing]] |[[Special:Contributions/Galaxybeing|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |3 |[[User:ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|ZionistischeSauterParamilitar]] |[[Special:Contributions/ZionistischeSauterParamilitar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Mravljinčar|Mravljinčar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mravljinčar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Vice President of Guinea|Vice President of Guinea]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vice President of Guinea|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 1 ga Augusta 2026 |- |6 |[[User:श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|श्याम सुन्दर पटेल]] |[[Special:Contributions/श्याम सुन्दर पटेल|Gudummuwa]] 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|Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |91 |[[User:Bbasharisaad|Bbasharisaad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bbasharisaad|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |92 |[[User:Istiklol07|Istiklol07]] |[[Special:Contributions/Istiklol07|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |93 |[[User:SunloungerFrog|SunloungerFrog]] |[[Special:Contributions/SunloungerFrog|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |94 |[[User:Zaharaddeen Jibrin|Zaharaddeen Jibrin]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zaharaddeen Jibrin|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |95 |[[User:YASEER EBRAHIM|YASEER EBRAHIM]] |[[Special:Contributions/YASEER EBRAHIM|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |96 |[[User:Mayten7|Mayten7]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mayten7|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |97 |[[User:Muryar Ilimi|Muryar Ilimi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Muryar Ilimi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |98 |[[User:Hagazin444|Hagazin444]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hagazin444|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |99 |[[User:Username1753|Username1753]] |[[Special:Contributions/Username1753|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |100 |[[User:Totophili|Totophili]] |[[Special:Contributions/Totophili|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |101 |[[User:Omal4love|Omal4love]] |[[Special:Contributions/Omal4love|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |102 |[[User:Keldara|Keldara]] |[[Special:Contributions/Keldara|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |103 |[[User:Agloforto|Agloforto]] |[[Special:Contributions/Agloforto|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |104 |[[User:Abelchristian111|Abelchristian111]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abelchristian111|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 5 ga Augusta 2026 |- |} tm8nis7iyhevxtgkhbk0wc7hc8x9apu 0 22070 891960 539372 2026-08-06T10:00:35Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta).jpg|thumb|kura na tafiya a hankali cikin ciyayi]] [[File:Feeding Wild Hyena (7917492114).jpg|thumb|Gardi tare da kuraye]] [[Fayil:Mexican Wolf 2 yfb-edit 1.jpg|thumb|Yanda kura ke tafiya]] [[Fayil:Animal Save Movement.png|thumb]] '''Kura''' jam'in ta shine '''kuraye''' kura wata dabba ce mai launin ƙasa-ƙasa ko kuma ratsi-ratsi mafarauciyar nama ([[abinci]]nta) tana daga cikin [[dabbobi]]n daji masu hatsarin gaske. Wasu suna ganin kamar kura bata iya farauto abincin ta, sai dai ba haka zancen yake ba. Kura tana daga cikin dabbobin daji masu cin [[nama]] Kuma Naman ko wane iri ne ba wai sai dan'uwanta dabbobi ba har mutane takan kashe ta ci naman su. Da kura da [[zaki]] da sauran dabbobi masu cin nama dukkan su, suna da hatsarin gaske. Ana kuma kiran kalan wadannan dabbobin da [[turanci]] (carnivorous) wato masu cin nama ko wane irine. Sai dai kuma ita kura tana da ban tsoro sannan itama tana da tsoro sosai, ga tsoro ga kuma ban-tsoro sai dai wani abinda baku sani ba game da kura shine, kura tana da basira sosai. Kuraye suna yawo kusan garke-garke, daga biyu zuwa fiye da haka, sai dai wasu masana sun tabbatar da cewa garken kuraye mafi yawa da aka taɓa gani, shine wanda aka gan kuraye saba'in da biyu (72) a garke daya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/vert_earth/2015/11/151104_vert_earth_the_truth_about_spotted_hyenas|date= 4 November 2019|accessdate= 6 July 2021|publisher= bbc hausa|title=Abubuwan da ba ka sani ba game da kura}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20141028-the-truth-about-spotted-hyenas|date= 28 October 2014|accessdate= 6 July 2021|last= Nicholls|first=Henry|title=The spotted hyena is not a habitual scavenger, despite what you may have heard, and it is fabulously intelligent to boot|publisher= bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1301037-wata-jibgegiyar-kura-ta-gudu-daga-gidan-zoo-a-imo-kama-ta-bayan-saa-6.html|date= 10 February 2020|accessdate= 6 July 2021|publisher= legit hausa|last= Ɗalha Taura|first=Naziru|title=Wata jibgegiyar 'Kura' ta gudu daga gidan 'Zoo' a Imo, an kama ta bayan sa'a 6}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/yadda-na-hadu-da-kura-a-wajen-neman-kudi-aminu-dantata|date= 16 October 2020|accessdate= 6 July 2021|publisher= Aminiya dailytrust.com|title= Yadda Na Yi Gamo Da Kura A Wajen Neman Kudi —Aminu Dantata|last= A Ibrahim|first= Yusha'u}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26294631|date= 23 February 2014|accessdate= 6 July 2021|publisher=BBC News|last= Fletcher|first=Martin|title= The urban hyenas that attack rough sleepers}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[category: Dabbobi]] gxza5zuoafiqc2696krp7nf29ldewpp 0 22996 891703 448334 2026-08-05T13:44:51Z Baffa ali 47435 891703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mbini.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mbini.PNG|right|thumb|Ana iya ganin kogin a kudu maso yamma, Danna don dubawa]] '''Kogin Mitong''' kogi ne na kudu maso yammacin babban yankin Equatorial Guinea. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Muni Estuary tare da [[Kogin Congue]], [[Kogin Mandyani]], [[Kogin Mitimele]], [[Kogin Utamboni]] da [[Kogin Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> a kasar Gini ikwatoriya {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b51ebi8mf5u1t63zzqdilwdfbn280sr 891704 891703 2026-08-05T13:48:45Z Baffa ali 47435 891704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mbini.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mbini.PNG|right|thumb|Ana iya ganin kogin a kudu maso yamma, Danna don dubawa]] '''Kogin Mitong''' kogi ne na kudu maso yammacin babban yankin Equatorial Guinea. Ya zama wani ɓangare na Muni Estuary tare da [[Kogin Congue]], [[Kogin Mandyani]], [[Kogin Mitimele]], [[Kogin Utamboni]] da [[Kogin Mven]].<ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref><ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|accessdate=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref> a kasar Gini ikwatoriya da kuma labarin kasa ku tintibi Wannan lambar 10.97°E . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nuxnn51apiog7hi03pbb9rglyh3ouoh 0 23001 892063 445163 2026-08-06T11:22:32Z Baffa ali 47435 892063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Mbini.PNG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mbini.PNG|right|thumb|Ana iya ganin kogin a kudu maso yamma, Danna don dubawa]] '''Utamboni''' kogi ne na yankin kudu maso yammacin babban yankin Equatorial Guinea. Ya gudana tare da kan iyaka da Gabon kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na Muni Estuary tare da [[Kogin Mitimele]] (babban ɓangaren kogin), [[Kogin Mitong (Equatorial Guinea)|Kogin Mitong]], [[Kogin Mandyani]], [[Kogin Congue]], da [[Kogin Mven]].<ref name="Sundiata1990">{{cite book|last=Sundiata|first=I. K.|title=Equatorial Guinea: colonialism, state terror, and the search for stability|url=https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund|url-access=registration|access-date=30 March 2012|year=1990|publisher=Westview Press|isbn=978-0-8133-0429-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/equatorialguinea0000sund/page/6 6]}}</ref><ref name="HughesHughes1992">{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=R. H.|last2=Hughes|first2=J. S.|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA501|access-date=30 March 2012|year=1992|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5|page=501}}</ref> Kogin ya zama Kogin Utamboni tare da iyaka da Gabon. Kasar ta a Gini a Iktoriya . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == 9mwv84j9qz6j5tajwv468u3qjagcu50 0 23005 891970 565251 2026-08-06T10:05:56Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Old Truck in Bolinas, California.JPG|thumb|Tsohuwar akori kura]] [[File:Farm truck (6337791895).jpg|thumb]] '''Akori kura''' itace motar da ake ɗiban kaya wacce take da madai-daicin baya. ==Tarihi== Anfara ƙirƙiran ta ne a shekarar alif 1896 ta hanyar wani bature ɗan ƙasar [[Germany]] mai suna Gottlieb Daimler ya fara ƙirƙiran akori kuran ne mai shan litan fetur goma wanda zaibata daman yin tafiyar adadin kilomita 100 kacal me tuƙi yana kuma zamane a tsakiyan samanta kuma ya fara ne da wani inji mai suna phoenix.<ref>https://www.worktruckonline.com/10140905/history-of-the-first-truck-1896</ref> [[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|thumb|akori kura tayo lodi]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Mota]] thdnmua4i0f77fih5s33h2vbt3h6eia 0 24755 891883 534516 2026-08-06T05:50:26Z Baffa ali 47435 891883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Literary Hall Romney WV 2013 07 14 03.jpg|thumb|dakin karatun na Romney Literary Society]] [[Fayil:Literary Hall Romney WV 2013 07 14 01.jpg|thumb|hoton literary half romney]] [[Fayil:Literary Hall Romney WV 2013 07 14 02.jpg|thumb|Romney Literary Society]] Al'umma sun yi muhawara kan batutuwa da yawa na kimiyya da zamantakewa, galibi suna keta dokokinta wanda ya hana batutuwan addini da siyasa. Kodayake membobinta ba su da yawa, ana yawan tattauna muhawara da ayyukan ta a duk yankin Potomac Highlands, kuma ƙungiyar ta yi tasiri sosai kan yanayin tunani a cikin yankin Romney da kewayenta. Laburaren al’umma ya fara ne a shekarar na 1819 tare da sayen littattafai guda biyu; ta shekara1861, ta girma ta ƙunshi kusan kundin dubu uku 3,000 akan batutuwa kamar adabi, kimiyya, tarihi, da fasaha. Kungiyar ta kuma nemi kafa wata cibiya don "babban ilimin matasan al'umma." A cikin shekara 1820, sakamakon wannan yunƙurin, an gabatar da koyar da litattafan a cikin tsarin karatun Romney Academy, don haka ya sanya makarantar ta zama makarantar farko ta babban ilimi a Gabashin Panhandle. A cikin shekara 1846, jama'a sun gina ginin wanda ke da Cibiyar Tarihi ta Romney da ɗakin karatu, duka biyun sun faɗi ƙarƙashin kulawar al'umma. An gudanar da cibiyar ta sanannen Reverend William Henry Foote. Bayan jayayya da al'umma, Foote ya kafa makarantar kishiya a Romney, wanda aka sani da Potomac Seminary, a 1850. An kirkireshine ranar 30 ga watan janairu a shekara ta 1819 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} huk4q8wl0w31gyc62gz4f96qpvr432i 0 24940 891917 623991 2026-08-06T07:20:43Z Baffa ali 47435 891917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:NUC 2019 NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM STATISTICAL DIGEST.pdf|thumb|yohanna]] [[Fayil:NUC 2019 NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM STATISTICAL DIGEST.pdf|thumb|ittafi mai dauke da jadawalin sunanshi]] '''Yohanna Waziri''' (an haifishi ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, alif 1964), ɗan wasan tsere ne, na Najeriya. Ya shiga gasar tseren marathon maza a gasar wasannin bazara ta 1988.<ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/wa/yohanna-waziri-1.html|title=Kwafin ajiya|access-date=2021-09-12|archive-date=2012-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216015017/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/wa/yohanna-waziri-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> a halin Yanzu yanada 65 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1964]] 6opzvbywyvmqpbjf9n9dhonz24lwtpx 0 25424 891968 290834 2026-08-06T10:05:03Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox Officeholder|name=Ibrahim Kura Mohammed|image=|width=150px|office1=Senator for Kano Central|term_start1=29 May 1999|term_end1=29 May 2003|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Rufaisanbi Hanga]]|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Kano State]], [[Nigeria]]|death_date=6 May 2009|party=|Educational background=}}'''Ibrahim Kura Mohammed''' an zabe shi Sanata a mazabar Kano ta Tsakiya ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]] a farkon Jamhuriya ta Hudu ta Najeriya, yana takara a ƙarƙashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam’iyyar]] PDP. Ya hau mulki a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekara ta 1999. Kura Mohammed ya halarci Jami'ar New York da ke ƙasar Amurka inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa a shekara ta 1970. Shi ne Sakatare na farko a Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya, Addis Ababa, Habasha (1972–1973), Babban Sakatare na Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta (1974 - 1976), Daraktan kungiyar masu yawon bude ido ta Najeriya (1978-1979) da Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Ilaro (1979–1983). <ref name="expat" /> Bayan ya hau kujerar sa a Majalisar Dattawa an nada Kura a matsayin kwamitoci a kan Ma'adanai masu ƙarfi, Sadarwa, Jiha & Ƙananan Hukumomi, Halayen Tarayya da Bayanai. Ya kuma yanke shawarar kada ya sake neman takara a shekarar 2003. Bayan ya bar ofis ya zama Daraktan Asusun Farko na reshen bankin First Bank na Najeriya, Shugaban Spotless Apt kuma Darakta / mataimakin shugaban Clearline International. Ya zama shugaban Sabis na Kiwon Lafiya na Expatcare a cikin Janairu shekarar 2007. A karshen 2007 ya zama FCT Shugaban kungiyar yakin neman zaben tsohon Gwamnan Ebonyi Sam Egwu, wanda ke neman takarar shugabancin PDP. Da yake magana a cikin Janairu shekarar 2008 ya bayyana kwarin gwiwa cewa Egwu zai hau kujerar sa a babban taron jam'iyyar na gaba. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 65 a ranar 6 ga Mayun shekarar 2009 a Abuja kuma an binne shi a Kano. == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Dan siyasa]] [[Category:Aiki]] [[Category:Karatu]] [[Category:Mutuwa]] 2jhvy12k18tvgw2warw9to8d1ywfzlw 891969 891968 2026-08-06T10:05:17Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox Officeholder|name=Ibrahim Kura Mohammed|image=|width=150px|office1=Senator for Kano Central|term_start1=29 May 1999|term_end1=29 May 2003|predecessor1=|successor1=[[Rufaisanbi Hanga]]|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Kano State]], [[Nigeria]]|death_date=6 May 2009|party=|Educational background=}}'''Ibrahim Kura Mohammed''' an zabe shi Sanata a mazabar Kano ta Tsakiya ta [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]] a farkon Jamhuriya ta Hudu ta Najeriya, yana takara a ƙarƙashin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam’iyyar]] PDP. Ya hau mulki a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekara ta 1999. Kura Mohammed ya halarci Jami'ar New York da ke ƙasar Amurka inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa a shekara ta 1970. Shi ne Sakatare na farko a Babban Kwamishinan Najeriya, Addis Ababa, Habasha (1972–1973), Babban Sakatare na Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a shekara ta (1974 - 1976), Daraktan kungiyar masu yawon bude ido ta Najeriya (1978-1979) da Shugaban Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya, Ilaro (1979–1983). <ref name="expat" /> Bayan ya hau kujerar sa a Majalisar Dattawa an nada Kura a matsayin kwamitoci a kan Ma'adanai masu ƙarfi, Sadarwa, Jiha & Ƙananan Hukumomi, Halayen Tarayya da Bayanai. Ya kuma yanke shawarar kada ya sake neman takara a shekarar 2003. Bayan ya bar ofis ya kuma zama Daraktan Asusun Farko na reshen bankin First Bank na Najeriya, Shugaban Spotless Apt kuma Darakta / mataimakin shugaban Clearline International. Ya zama shugaban Sabis na Kiwon Lafiya na Expatcare a cikin Janairu shekarar 2007. A karshen 2007 ya zama FCT Shugaban kungiyar yakin neman zaben tsohon Gwamnan Ebonyi Sam Egwu, wanda ke neman takarar shugabancin PDP. Da yake magana a cikin Janairu shekarar 2008 ya bayyana kwarin gwiwa cewa Egwu zai hau kujerar sa a babban taron jam'iyyar na gaba. Ya rasu yana da shekaru 65 a ranar 6 ga Mayun shekarar 2009 a Abuja kuma an binne shi a Kano. == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Dan siyasa]] [[Category:Aiki]] [[Category:Karatu]] [[Category:Mutuwa]] ntcmrb7cgw1eiz60fbp5glj778yvjmk 0 27424 892081 885622 2026-08-06T11:29:32Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Therapist fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na shekarar 2021 wanda [[Kayode Kasum]] ya jagoranta. Tauraron fim ɗin Rita Dominic, [[Michelle Dede]], [[Toyin Abraham|Toyin Ibrahim]] a cikin manyan matsayi. An saki fim din ne a ranar 26 ga Maris 2021. == Bayani game da shi == Labarin dai ya samo asali ne daga wata mace da ta rasa farin ciki a rayuwar ta bayan ta yi aure kuma daga ƙarshe ta sami saki daga mijinta mai cin zarafi. Daga nan sai ta ba da taimako na son rai ga wasu mata a cikin al'umma waɗanda suke neman samun saki daga mazajensu masu cin zarafi, marasa aminci da rashin aminci.[1][2]. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Rita Dominic]] a matsayin Eloho Ojukwu * [[Michelle Dede]] a matsayin Gari * [[Toyin Abraham|Toyin Ibrahim]] a matsayin Mrs. Priye * [[Shafy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs. Bankole * [[Tope Tedela]] a matsayin Rufus * [[Anthony Monjaro]] a matsayin Fabian Ojukwu * [[Saheed Balogun|Saeed Balogun]] a matsayin Mista Priye * Ada Ebere a matsayin Zinariya * Anee Icha a matsayin Dumebi * [[Chidi Mokeme]] a matsayin Rotimi Bankole * Esse Odometa a matsayin Edna * Chukwuemeka Nwosu a matsayin lauya * Albarka Onwukwe a matsayin Mrs. Ogene * Jane Robinson a matsayin Mai Bincike * Ijenebe Azubuike a matsayin Mai Waiter == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Synopsis == Sannan tana ba da taimako na son rai ga sauran mata a cikin al'umma waɗanda suma ke neman rabuwa da mazajensu masu cin zarafi, rashin aminci da rashin aminci .<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-02 |title=Toyin Abraham, Rita Dominic return to set for The Therapist |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/toyin-abraham-rita-dominic-return-to-set-for-the-therapist/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Adekanye |first=Modupeoluwa |date=2021-02-12 |title=Genesis Pictures Sets To Release "The Therapist" On 26th Of March |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/genesis-pictures-sets-to-release-the-therapist-on-26th-of-march/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> dvfu0eb39uwpty9d0xofdkqr1sq2k7p 892083 892081 2026-08-06T11:29:51Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Therapist fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na shekarar 2021 wanda [[Kayode Kasum]] ya jagoranta. Tauraron fim ɗin Rita Dominic, [[Michelle Dede]], [[Toyin Abraham|Toyin Ibrahim]] a cikin manyan matsayi. An saki fim din ne a ranar 26 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2021. == Bayani game da shi == Labarin dai ya samo asali ne daga wata mace da ta rasa farin ciki a rayuwar ta bayan ta yi aure kuma daga ƙarshe ta sami saki daga mijinta mai cin zarafi. Daga nan sai ta ba da taimako na son rai ga wasu mata a cikin al'umma waɗanda suke neman samun saki daga mazajensu masu cin zarafi, marasa aminci da rashin aminci.[1][2]. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Rita Dominic]] a matsayin Eloho Ojukwu * [[Michelle Dede]] a matsayin Gari * [[Toyin Abraham|Toyin Ibrahim]] a matsayin Mrs. Priye * [[Shafy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs. Bankole * [[Tope Tedela]] a matsayin Rufus * [[Anthony Monjaro]] a matsayin Fabian Ojukwu * [[Saheed Balogun|Saeed Balogun]] a matsayin Mista Priye * Ada Ebere a matsayin Zinariya * Anee Icha a matsayin Dumebi * [[Chidi Mokeme]] a matsayin Rotimi Bankole * Esse Odometa a matsayin Edna * Chukwuemeka Nwosu a matsayin lauya * Albarka Onwukwe a matsayin Mrs. Ogene * Jane Robinson a matsayin Mai Bincike * Ijenebe Azubuike a matsayin Mai Waiter == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Synopsis == Sannan tana ba da taimako na son rai ga sauran mata a cikin al'umma waɗanda suma ke neman rabuwa da mazajensu masu cin zarafi, rashin aminci da rashin aminci .<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-09-02 |title=Toyin Abraham, Rita Dominic return to set for The Therapist |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/toyin-abraham-rita-dominic-return-to-set-for-the-therapist/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Adekanye |first=Modupeoluwa |date=2021-02-12 |title=Genesis Pictures Sets To Release "The Therapist" On 26th Of March |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/genesis-pictures-sets-to-release-the-therapist-on-26th-of-march/ |access-date=2021-04-05 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> bvm3j9bjypuhxl0s5pwqfve7m9b04uc 0 27938 891721 734564 2026-08-05T16:18:22Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Kara 891721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''' Dr. Dikko Umaru Radda''' (An haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan satumba, a shekara ta alif dubu Daya da ɗari tara da sittin da tara (1969) Miladiyya a karamar hukumar [[Dutsin-Ma]] ta [[Jihar Katsina]]. Dikko Umar Radda Dan siyasa ne kuma shine zababben gwamnan Jihar katsina a karkashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressive Congress|APC]] a babban zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 18 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2023 inda yayi nasara ne da Kuri'u 859,892.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c901lvv4p48o|date = 19 March 2023 |accessdate = 20 March 2023 |title = Dikko Radda na APC ya lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Katsina|publisher = BBC Hausa}}</ref> Shine Darakta Janar/Babban Babban Jami’in Hukumar Raya Kanana da Matsakaitan Masana’antu ta Najeriya (SMEDAN).<ref>{{cite news|url = https://manhaja.blueprint.ng/tattaunawa-ta-musamman-da-shugaban-smedan-dr-dikko-umar-radda|date = 13 August 2021 |accessdate = 20 March 2023 |title = Tattaunawa ta musamman da Shugaban SMEDAN, Dr Dikko Umar Radda|publisher = Manhajar Blueprint Hausa}}</ref> Kuma ya taba zama ciyaman Na Karamar Hukumar Charanchi wace take a jihar katsina. Tarihi:Yusuf sahabi bdl ==karatu== Dikko Umar Radda ya fara karatunsa na farko a makarantar firamare ta Radda daga Shekara ta 1974 zuwa 1980. Daga nan ya wuce zuwa Kwalejin Malamai ta Zariya tsakanin shekara ta 1980 zuwa 1985.<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1408063-buhari-ya-sabunta-na-umaru-radda-a-matsayin-shugaban-smedan.html</ref> Ya shiga Kwalejin Ilimi ta [[Kafanchan]] a shekara ta 1986 zuwa 1990, inda ya samu takardar shaidar NCE. Ya shiga[[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] da ke Bauchi a shekara ta 1992 zuwa 1996, inda ya kammala karatunsa na B-Tech.Agric Economic and Extension (Hons). Daga nan kuma ya sami admission a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] Zaria a shekara ta 1998 zuwa 2004 inda ya samu digiri na biyu (MSc) a Agric Extension and Rural Sociology a shekara ta 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://smedan.gov.ng/dgs-office/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-12-09 |archive-date=2023-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128140903/https://smedan.gov.ng/dgs-office/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dikko Umar Radda ya koma ABU Zariya a shekara ta 2005 don samun digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasa da kasa da diflomasiyya. Ya kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir (P.h.D) a fannin aikin gona da ilimin zamantakewar karkara a shekara ta 2015. == Aiki da Siyasa== Dikko Umar Radda ya kasance malamin makaranta tsakanin shekarar 1989-1999. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki tare da rusasshiyar bankin duniya na FSB tsakanin shekarar 1999-2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://guardian.ng/tag/dr-dikko-umaru-radda/ |access-date=2021-12-09 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209214255/https://guardian.ng/tag/dr-dikko-umaru-radda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dikko Umar Radda yayi Shugabancin Karamar Hukumar Charanchi ta Jihar Katsina tsakanin watan Janairun shekara ta 2005 zuwa Afrilun shekarar 2007. kuma sannan an nada shi Shugaban Kwamitin riko na Karamar Hukumar [[Charanchi]], a watan Mayun shekarar 2007. Sauran mukaman daya rike akwai; Babban Mai Taimakawa 'Yan Majalisu, NASS, [[Abuja]], 2012-2014, Sakataren Jin Dadin Jama'a (APC), Yuni 2014-Yuli 2015. Ya rike sarautar gargajiya ta Gwagwaren [[Katsina]] a masarautar KatsIna. An nada shi a matsayin shugaban ma’aikata na Gwamnatin Jihar [[Katsina]]. Shi ne Darakta Janar/Babban Jami’in Hukumar Raya Kanana da Matsakaici Masana’antu ta Najeriya (SMEDAN).<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/hausa/53295828</ref> Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya sake nada Dr Dikko Umaru Radda karo na biyu a matsayin shugaban Hukumar bunƙasa ƙanana da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Najeriya wato SMEDAN. Sanarwar ta fito ne daga ofishin sakataren gwamnatin tarayya, Boss Mustapha a wata takarda mai dauke da kwanan watan 12 ga watan Maris na 2021. [[Fayil:Visit of Jutta Urpilainen, European Commissioner, to Nigeria (2023).jpg|thumb|Dikko Umaru Radda a tsakiya ]] Dr. Dikko Umar Radda ya shiga siyasar neman kujerar Gwamnan Jihar Katsina, a siyasar shekarar 2023. A daidai lokacin ne ya ajiye shugaban Hukumar bunƙasa ƙanana da matsakaitan sana'o'i a Najeriya wato SMEDAN, a ranar Laraba, 1 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2022, inda ya damka wa Mr. Wale Fasanya mukamin, bayan ya lashe zaben fidda gwanin takarar Gwamnan Jihar Katsina a karkashin jam'iyyar APC. ==Zaben Gwamna na 2023== Hukumar zaben Najeriya wato INEC ta ayyana Dakta Dikko Umar Radda na jam'iyyar APC a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Katsina. Radda ya samu nasara ne da ƙuri'u 859,892, yayin da mai biye masa Garba Yakubu Lado Danmarke na jam'iyyar PDP ya samu kuri'u 486,620. Jami'in da ke tattara sakamakon zaɓen gwamnan a jihar ta Katsina, Farfesa Mu'azu Abubakar Gusau ne ya bayyana sakamakon a daren Lahadi. Jihar Katsina ita ce jihar tsohon shugaban Kasar Najeriya Muhammad Buhari. An rantsar da Dr Dikko Radda a Matsayin gwamnan jihar Katsina a ranar Litinin ashirin da tara (29) ga wata mayun Shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ukku (2023). <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c901lvv4p48o</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1970]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:'Yan Katsina]] [[Category:'Yan Nijeriya]] 6pfkcs1qkc80xa7wwc7zg3olqs9bin3 0 28836 891840 840420 2026-08-06T04:00:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jiblah''' (larabci: جِبْلَة) birni ne, da ke a kudu maso yammacin Yaman, c. kilomita takwas (5.0 mi) kudu, kudu maso yamma na Ibb a cikin wannan suna. Tana a tsayin kusan mita 2,200 (ƙafa 7,200), kusa da Jabal At-Taʿkar (جَبَل ٱلتَّعْكَر).<ref name="AlmotamarPress 12-2014">{{cite news|newspaper=Almotamar Press|title=مناطق تاريخية (حصن التعكر..مصير مجهول ل6 آلاف سنة من تاريخه)|language=ar|url=https://almotamarpress.com/news841.html|date=2014-12-25|access-date=2021-08-19|archive-date=2021-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819102517/https://almotamarpress.com/news841.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Al-Arabiya 03-2018">{{cite news|last=سيف|first=إسلام|title=الحوثي يستحدث موقعا عسكريا بأعلى قمة جبلية وسط اليمن|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|language=ar|location=Yemen|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/yemen/2018/03/12/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86|date=2018-03-12|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> An ƙara garin da kewaye cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO saboda ƙimar al'adun duniya. Gidan tarihi na Sarauniya Arwa yana cikin garin.<ref name="Unesco">{{citation|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1721/|title=Jibla and its surroundings|publisher=[[UNESCO]] World Heritage Centre|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Queen_Arwa's_palace.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Arwa's_palace.jpg|thumb|Fadar Sarauniyar Arwa a 2013]] Bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa Sulayhid 'Ali ibn Muhammad a shekara ta 1067 miladiyya, mijin Arwa al-Sulayhi Ahmad ya zama ''de jure'' shugaban kasar Yemen, amma bai iya mulki ba, ya shanye, kuma a kwance. Ya ba wa Arwa dukkan karfinsa, daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko shi ne mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Sana’a zuwa Jibla, domin ta samu mafi kyawun matsayi na halaka Sa’id bn Najar, ta haka ta rama wa mahaifinta. mutun doka. Hakan ta yi nasarar yin hakan ne ta hanyar lallasa shi cikin tarko a shekarar 1088. Ta gina sabon fada a Jibla, kuma ta mayar da tsohuwar fadar ta zama babban masallaci inda a karshe aka binne ta.<ref name="Unesco" /><ref>Muhammad Zakaria (1998) ''مساجد اليمن''</ref><ref name="MernissiLakeland2003">{{citation|last1=Mernissi|first1=Fatima|last2=Lakeland|first2=Mary Jo|year=2003|title=The forgotten queens of Islam|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-579868-5}}</ref><ref name="NIC Ibb">{{cite web|url=http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/Brief/images/ibb.pdf|title=Yemen|publisher=NIC|language=ar|access-date=2022-01-24|archive-date=2014-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203035452/http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/Brief/images/ibb.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar mutanen kauye == A karshen shekarar 1979, matan Jibla za su wanke tufafinsu a cikin manyan tafkuna da rafuffukan ruwan magudanan ruwa suka yi, wadanda suka gangaro kan gangaren ''Jebal Attaker''. An yi amfani da tsakuwar rafin a madadin allunan goge-goge. {{cquote|''Ka kwantar da zuciyarka a cikin ƴan ƴan tsaunuka na Dhīl-Sufal, ka dubi faɗuwar sa, / Can iska ta yi haske kamar lu'ulu'u, ruwa yana da tsarki, kuma dare yana kawo farin ciki mafi girma.''.<ref>Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Jibli (d. 1880 / 1881)</ref>}} == Kayan aiki == === Asibiti === Anan akwai Asibitin Baptist na Amurka. A nan ne Taher Qassim (masanin kula da lafiyar jama'a kuma wanda ya kafa bikin Larabawa na Liverpool, wanda aka haifa a ƙauyen Al-Karaba) ya shafe shekaru 3½ yana sana'a.<ref name="TheNational 08-2021">{{cite news|last=Maghribi|first=Layla|title=Arab arts champion Taher Qassim never forgets his remote Yemen roots: The leading public health practitioner and Liverpool Arab Arts Festival founder has gone far, but memories of his shepherd upbringing remain strong|publisher=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2021/08/06/arab-arts-champion-taher-qassim-never-forgets-his-remote-yemen-roots/|date=2021-08-06|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2002, wani dan kishin Islama ya shiga asibitin Jibla Baptist, ya harbe wasu ma'aikatan asibitin Kudancin Baptist guda uku. Washegari bayan harbe-harben, an mayar da mallakar asibitin ga gwamnatin Yemen. Gwamnati ta dauki alhakin a cikin 2003, kuma ta ci gaba da daukar ma'aikatan Baptist ta Kudu, har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe a watan Mayu 2007.<ref name="MNN 01-2013">{{cite news|last=Ranish|first=David|title=Southern Baptist 32-year legacy lives on|newspaper=Mission Network News|url=https://www.mnnonline.org/news/southern-baptist-32-year-legacy-lives-on/|date=January 11, 2013|access-date=September 22, 2016}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jibla IMG 5662.JPG|thumb|Jibla, Yemen]] Kamar yadda yake a sauran yankuna a Yemen da yaki ya daidaita, cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafa Jiblah, amma asibitinta ba shi da ikon yin gwajin cutar ta coronavirus, don haka likitocin da ke wurin sun yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi don gano cutar. Amma duk da haka a cewar ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya guda biyu a wurin, asibitin a kullum yana karbar kusan mutane 50 da ke da alamun cutar, kuma saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya, likitoci ba su sanar da dangin da suka mutu ba game da su ko da ana zargin sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="AP 08-2021">{{cite news|last=Magdy|first=Sami|title=In Yemen’s north, Houthis face virus with outright denial|newspaper=[[Associated Press|AP News]]|location=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-health-coronavirus-pandemic-united-nations-yemen-1d134157c61c85c844667613183ac1b3|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref name="Ahram 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen's north, Houthis face Coronavirus with outright denial|publisher=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|location=Cairo|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/418996/World/Region/In-Yemens-north,-Houthis-face-Coronavirus-with-out.aspx|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref name="ArabNews 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen’s north, Houthis face virus with outright denial|publisher=[[Arab News]]|location=Cairo|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1910416/middle-east|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref><ref name="EgyptIndependent 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen’s north, Huthis face virus with outright denial|publisher=[[Egypt Independent]]|location=Cairo|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/in-yemens-north-huthis-face-virus-with-outright-denial/|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref> === Masallatai === Akwai masallatan tarihi guda biyu a nan:<ref name="Unesco" /><ref name="TravelAdventures">{{cite web|website=Around the World in 80 Clicks|title=Jibla (Yemen)|url=http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/asia/jibla.html|year=May 2004|access-date=2021-08-04}}</ref> * Na Sarauniya Arwa * [[Fayil:Jibla 1987 07.jpg|thumb|Jibla, Yemen]]Masallacin Qubbat Bayt Az-Zum (Larabci: مَسْجِد قُبَّة بَيْت ٱلْزُّوْم, romanized: ''Masjid Qubbat Bayt Az-Zūm''), kuma aka sani da ''Masjid Qubbat Ash-Shaykh Ya'qub Az-Zūm'' (مَسْجِد قُبَّة ٱلشَّيْخ يَعْقُوْب ٱلْزُّوْم), wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 921H.<ref name="Yemeress 05-20072">{{cite news|last=عميقة|first=فؤاد أحمد المليكي بشرى قاسم|title=جبلة.. تاريخ ملكة عظيمة، اسمها ينسب لأحد صانعي الفخار|newspaper=Yemeress Al-Gomhoriah|language=ar|url=https://www.yemeress.com/algomhoriah/2041114|date=2007-05-05|access-date=2021-08-05|archive-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104132656/https://www.yemeress.com/algomhoriah/2041114|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Almotamar 01-2005">{{cite news|last=الحسني|first=أحمد|title=جبـــــــــــلة .. ثلاثية المرأة والأفيون والمآذن|newspaper=Almotamar|language=ar|location=Jiblah, Yemen|url=https://www.almotamar.net/pda/18443.htm|date=2005-01-17|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> == Manazarta == avqmyybv2gawg857ys9l0se9hupvlhp 0 29005 892095 677032 2026-08-06T11:54:51Z Baffa ali 47435 892095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Guédébiné''' ƙauye ne kuma ƙauye ne a cikin gundumar Cercle of Diéma a yankin Kayes na yammacin [[Mali|Ƙasar Mali]] . Sanarwar ta ƙunshi babban ƙauyen Guédébiné da Néma, Diakamody, Diopi, Karsala da Goulambé. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2009 Da aka gudanar ƙungiyar tana da yawan [[jama'a]] 5,106.yawan fili 225km . {{Stub}} == Manazartaa == {{Reflist}} r65287h9ncfj6knuqk1ohqj43w6vss6 0 29184 891812 333102 2026-08-05T23:51:25Z Baffa ali 47435 891812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Néma-Badenyakafo''' yanki ne na karkara na Cercle na Djenné a yankin Mopti na [[Mali|Ƙasar Mali]] .Akwai Ƙungiya a garin, Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙauyuka 29. Babban ƙauyen ( ''shuga-lieu'' ) shine Mougna. Tana da Altitude 269 m .{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Majiyoyi == *  . 7k34w1xv2ki9ziy72mo081dnr24plhs 0 30085 891730 827570 2026-08-05T17:59:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[File:Ivy Barley at rePublica Accra,Ghana 02.jpg|thumb|hoton ivy barley]] '''Ivy Barley''' 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar [[Ghana]], manajan shirye-shirye, mai fafutuka kuma mahaliccin abun ciki. Ita ce wacce ta kafa Developers in Vogue,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-18|title=Spotlight on African Women in Tech: Ivy Barley|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/african-women-in-tech-ivy-barley/|access-date=2019-04-11|website=BORGEN|language=en-US}}</ref> kungiyar da ke share fagen samar da karin matan Afirka samun damammaki a masana'antar kere-kere. A cikin Janairu 2022, GhanaWeb ya fito da Sha'ir a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 3 'Mata a cikin Tech' 'yan Ghana suna samun ci gaba a fagen haɗin gwiwar duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-11|title=Ghanaian ‘Women in Tech’ making strides on the international corporate scene|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghanaian-Women-in-Tech-making-strides-on-the-international-corporate-scene-1442026|access-date=2022-02-04|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129033302/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghanaian-Women-in-Tech-making-strides-on-the-international-corporate-scene-1442026|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2017 da 2019, an jera sha'ir a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Manyan Matasa 50 Mafi Tasiri a Ghana ta Avance Media.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians 2017 Revealed!|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201712/339086.php|access-date=2019-04-11|website=www.peacefmonline.com|archive-date=2024-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308174426/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201712/339086.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Ivy Barley.jpg|thumb|Ivy Barley]] An haife Barley a garin Accra na kasar Ghana, inda ta shafe mafi yawan yarinta. Ta yi karatun sakandare a Aburi Girls Senior High School, bayan ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Aiki a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. Bayan kammala karatunta na farko, ta sami digiri na biyu (MPhil.) a fannin ilimin lissafi a jami'a guda kuma ta kammala a 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ivy Barley {{!}} WSA|url=https://www.worldsummitawards.org/person/ivy-barley/|access-date=2019-09-26|website=www.worldsummitawards.org}}</ref> == Aiki == Barley a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Manajan Shirye-shiryen Fasaha akan ƙungiyar Buɗaɗɗen Ilimin Ilmi (OEA) a Microsoft,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Crabbe|first=Nathaniel|date=2020-03-10|title=Ivy Barley: Ghanaian digital entrepreneur joins Microsoft as progamme manager|url=https://yen.com.gh/149773-ivy-bartley-genius-ghanaian-digital-entrepreneur-joins-microsoft-progamme-manager.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128232853/https://yen.com.gh/149773-ivy-bartley-genius-ghanaian-digital-entrepreneur-joins-microsoft-progamme-manager.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Entsie|first=Berlinda|date=2020-03-10|title=Microsoft appoints Ghanaian digital entrepreneur, Ivy Barley as program manager|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/tech/microsoft-appoints-ghanaian-digital-entrepreneur-ivy-barley-as-program-manager/s9kekg7|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=webmanager|date=2020-03-11|title=Ghanaian digital entrepreneur Ivy Barley joins Microsoft|url=http://www.businessworldghana.com/ghanaian-digital-entrepreneur-ivy-barley-joins-microsoft/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Business World Ghana|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128232902/http://www.businessworldghana.com/ghanaian-digital-entrepreneur-ivy-barley-joins-microsoft/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-11|title=Self-taught Ghanaian coder, Ivy Barley joins Microsoft as manager|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/self-taught-ghanaian-coder-ivy-barley-joins-microsoft-as-manager|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-10|title=Ghana's digital entrepreneur Ivy Barley joins Microsoft|url=https://ghanaianmuseum.com/ivy-barley-has-announce-the-next-stage-of-her-career-growth-by-joining-tech-giant-microsoft-as-a-program-manager/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Ghanaian Museum|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128232907/https://ghanaianmuseum.com/ivy-barley-has-announce-the-next-stage-of-her-career-growth-by-joining-tech-giant-microsoft-as-a-program-manager/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda buɗaɗɗen shiri ne wanda ke haɗin gwiwa tare da tsarin ilimi a duk faɗin duniya don haɓaka ƙwarewar bayanan zamani. OEA cikakken tsarin haɗin gwiwar bayanai ne mai buɗewa da tsarin nazari don sashin ilimi da aka gina akan Azure Synapse - tare da Azure Data Lake Storage azaman kashin baya na ajiya, Azure Active Directory yana ba da ikon amfani da tushen rawar, da Azure Purview don gano bayanai da gudanar da mulki. Kafin ta shiga Microsoft a cikin 2020, Barley ta fara da haɓaka masu haɓakawa a cikin Vogue a matsayin Shugaba. Saboda sha'awarta na tallafawa matan Afirka a fannin fasaha, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan fasahar dijital da ilimi<ref>{{Cite web|last=giz|title=Digital skills for entrepreneurial women|url=https://www.giz.de/en/ourservices/75874.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=www.giz.de|language=en}}</ref> a Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), inda ta kasance mai kula da ƙira gabaɗaya, tsari da aiwatar da ayyukan fasaha na dijital kamar. horar da mata a sassa na yau da kullun na Ghana don taimaka musu su yi amfani da fasaha don haɓaka kasuwancinsu da haɓaka haɓakarsu ta amfani da kayan aikin dijital<ref>{{Cite web|last=giz|title=Neue Branchen, neue Chancen: Frauen erobern die Digitalwirtschaft|url=https://www.giz.de/de/mediathek/76375.html|access-date=2022-01-28|website=www.giz.de|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Amt|first=Auswärtiges|title=Digital skills for entrepreneurial women|url=https://germanyinafrica.diplo.de/zadz-en/-/2216304|access-date=2022-01-28|website=germanyinafrica.diplo.de|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128231117/https://germanyinafrica.diplo.de/zadz-en/-/2216304|url-status=dead}}</ref> da shirin eSkills4Girls don haɓaka sana'o'in fasaha a tsakanin mata da 'yan matan Afirka. A watan Disamba 2018, re:publica ta zo Afirka a karon farko, kuma ta kasance mai kula da tsarawa, aiwatarwa da kuma daidaita mata daban-daban a ayyukan fasaha a madadin GIZ a lokacin re:publica Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Re:publica digital conference premieres in Africa {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.12.2018|url=https://www.dw.com/en/republica-digital-conference-premieres-in-africa/a-46744817|access-date=2022-01-28|website=DW.COM|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ivy Barley at rePublica Accra,Ghana 02.jpg|thumb|Ivy Barley]] Barley ta kasance wani ɓangare na Global Shaper Community a Accra, wanda ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙungiyoyin masu ruwa da tsaki a Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya tsakanin 2017 da 2019 da Yunus da Matasa Fellow.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ivy Barley|url=https://yunusandyouth.com/project/ivy-barley/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Yunus&Youth|language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar koyarwa a fannin lissafi, kididdiga, Physics da shirye-shiryen kwamfuta a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka da ke Ghana da kuma Mataimakiyar Bincike da Koyarwa a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, inda ta taimaka da Nazarin Regression, Kididdigar Lissafi, Hannun Ƙididdiga. don Haɓaka Tsari da Ƙididdigar Halittu. == Dan kasuwan zamantakewa == Barley ita ce wacce ta kafa Developers in Vogue, kungiyar da ke ba da horo, jagoranci da kuma sanya ayyukan yi ga matan Afirka a fannin fasaha. An gane tasirin Developers in Vogue akan dandamali na kasa da kasa ciki har da IFC Sustainability Exchange: Invest for Tomorrow,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 IFC Sustainability Exchange: Invest for Tomorrow|url=https://live.worldbank.org/2019-ifc-sustainability-exchange-invest-tomorrow|access-date=2022-01-27|website=World Bank Live|language=en}}</ref> Taron Women20 a Berlin, Jamus wanda Chancellor Angela Merkel<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Young Ghanaian, Ivy Barley Wins E-Skills for Girls Competition In Berlin, Germany|url=https://www.jbklutse.com/ivy-barley-wins-eskills-for-girls-competition-germany/}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ta halarta da ITU International Girls in ICT Day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Girls in ICT Day 2018|url=https://www.itu.int/en/osg/dsg/speeches/Pages/2018-05-11.aspx|access-date=2022-01-28|website=ITU|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128232850/https://www.itu.int/en/osg/dsg/speeches/Pages/2018-05-11.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, an nuna tasirin Ivy a Developers in Vogue<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ivy Barley|url=http://www.tea-after-twelve.com/all-issues/issue-05/issue-05/women-in-tech/ivy-barley/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=www.tea-after-twelve.com|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Impact Report 2017–2019, Make-IT in Africa|url=https://toolkit-digitalisierung.de/app/uploads/2019/10/Impact-Report-2017-2019_Make-IT-in-Afrika_GIZ.pdf|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120035926/https://toolkit-digitalisierung.de/app/uploads/2019/10/Impact-Report-2017-2019_Make-IT-in-Afrika_GIZ.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> a cikin kafofin watsa labaru daban-daban da littattafai ciki har da littafin Mata in Tech na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaban Tarayyar Jamus<ref>{{Cite web|last=Development (BMZ)|first=Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and|title=BMZ publication: Women in Tech – Inspiration, no fairytales {{!}} G20 #eSkills4Girls initiative - Challenging the gender digital divide|url=https://www.eskills4girls.org/nofairytales/|access-date=2022-01-27|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127063430/https://www.eskills4girls.org/nofairytales/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Tech, Inspiration, Keine Marchen|url=https://www.bmz.de/resource/blob/23430/b27d988120a6460b86ef257677eaadb0/smaterialie420-frauen-technik-data.pdf|access-date=2022-03-14|archive-date=2024-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308175002/https://www.bmz.de/resource/blob/23430/b27d988120a6460b86ef257677eaadb0/smaterialie420-frauen-technik-data.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> don ƙarfafa mata da 'yan mata da yawa don shiga cikin STEM da kuma littafin Founding Women<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Founding Women Book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Founding-Women-African-successful-businesses/dp/1999968905|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-05|website=www.amazon.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-04|title=What Does a Tech Entrepreneur Look Like?|url=https://www.movemeback.com/community/events/what-does-tech-entrepreneur-look-like/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Movemeback Community|language=en-GB}}</ref> don haskakawa. Matan Afirka waɗanda ke bijirewa ƙima don haɓaka kasuwancin da suka yi nasara a fasaha. == Tasiri kan Dabarun Dijital == Barley tana amfani da dandamali na dijital , musamman kafofin watsa labarun, blog ɗinta da wasiƙarta don raba gogewa da haɓaka mata a cikin fasaha. A kan Twitter, ta dauki bakuncin tattaunawar sauti ta hanyar Twitter Spaces da ake kira #SpaceswithIvy inda ta kawo masu magana don raba abubuwan da suka faru, fahimta, albarkatun da dama a cikin masana'antar fasaha. A cikin Janairu 2022, Sha'ir ya ba da sanarwar #100DaysChallenge ga al'ummar fasaha a Afirka don koyan sabbin fasahohin fasaha da raba tafiyarsu a fili akan Twitter. Mutane suna koyon ƙirar UI/UX, injiniyan bayanai, sarrafa samfur, rubutun fasaha, da haɓaka software da sauransu a cikin kwanaki 100.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Djentuh|first=Sedi|date=2022-01-25|title=The domino effect of Ivy Barley|url=https://sedisopenfile.home.blog/2022/01/25/the-domino-effect-of-ivy-barley/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Sedi's Open File|language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * Disamba 2021 | Nasara na Kalubale na Microsoft Global Hackathon 2021<ref>{{Cite web|title=Microsoft Global Hackathon 2021 Challenge Winner was issued by The Microsoft Garage to Ivy Barley.|url=https://www.credly.com/badges/34e1da47-e83f-4b15-ba5a-d546d1e43e57|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Credly|language=en}}</ref> * Nuwamba 2021 | Wanda ya ci lambar yabo ta Tech Entrepreneur - Kyautar Ƙirƙirar Mata ta Afirka da Dandalin Kasuwanci (AWIEF)<ref>{{Cite web|title=2021 AWIEF AWARD WINNERS|url=https://www.awieforum.org/2021-awief-award-winners/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=AWIEF|language=en-US}}</ref> * Maris 2020 | Ta Don Kyaututtukan Tasirin Jama'a<ref>{{Cite web|title=The She For Social Impact Awards – Honoring Impact-led Women|url=https://sheforsocialimpact.com/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=She For Social Impact Awards|language=de-DE}}</ref> * Disamba 2019 | Mafi Tasirin Matasa Dan Ghana a Kimiyya da Fasaha<ref name="avancemedia.org2">{{Cite web|title=Avance Media {{!}} Profiles: Avance Media 2019 50 Most Influential Young Ghanaians|url=https://avancemedia.org/2019miyg/|access-date=2022-02-02|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206063411/https://avancemedia.org/2019miyg/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Disamba 2019 | Manyan Matasan Ghana 50 Mafi Tasiri<ref name="avancemedia.org2" /> * Nuwamba 2019 | F-LANE na Ƙarshe ta Cibiyar Vodafone na Jama'a da Sadarwa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-14|title=Developers in Vogue – Tech-Bootcamps for Women in Africa|url=https://www.vodafone-institut.de/f-lane/developers-in-vogue-tech-bootcamps-for-women-in-africa/|access-date=2022-01-28|website=Vodafone Institute|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308175002/https://www.vodafone-institut.de/f-lane/developers-in-vogue-tech-bootcamps-for-women-in-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Nuwamba 2017 | Kwese GoGettaz Gasar Karshe<ref>{{Cite web|last=tubei|first=george|date=2018-01-25|title=Ivy Barley's quest to get girls coding and employed is off to a fast start|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/kwese-go-gettaz-ivy-barleys-quest-to-get-girls-coding-and-employed-is-off-to-a-fast/kcv4d75|access-date=2022-02-02|website=Business Insider Africa|language=en}}</ref> * Afrilu 2017 | Nasara, gasar eSkills4Girls a Berlin, Jamus<ref name=":12" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Mata]] doiq2a3ycsvy7l143tt29mgcwv6qcez 0 30305 891967 232369 2026-08-06T10:04:22Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ƙaramar Hukumar [[kura]] ta jahar [[kano]] Tana da Mazaɓu guda goma (10) a ƙarƙashin ta. Ga jerinsu kamar haka;<ref>https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/wards-in-lga/433/kura</ref> # Dalili # Dan Hassan # Dukawa # Karfi # Kosawa # Kurinsumau # Rigar Duka # Tanawa # Sarkin Kura. ==Manazarta== 9wi12pzb1ksuozdlj99dedi30pwu5na 0 30368 892005 231180 2026-08-06T10:25:56Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Garun Malam]] ta jahar [[kano]] tana da Mazaɓu goma (10) a ƙarƙashin ta. Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>http://www.maplandia.com/nigeria/kano/kura/garun-malam/</ref> # Chiromawa, # Dorawar sallau, # Fankurun, # Garun babba, # Garun malam, # Jobawa, # Kadawa, # Makwaro.<ref>https://nigeriazipcodes.com/2512/garun-malam-l-g-a-zip-code/</ref> # Yada kwari, # Yalwan yadakwari. ==Manazarta== 6scblqb07h9z2pduecc471g64rowtwo 0 34999 891936 310514 2026-08-06T08:12:31Z Baffa ali 47435 891936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karakol Peak''' ( {{Lang-ru|Пик Каракол|Pik Karakol}} , {{Lang-ky|Каракол чокусу|Karakol çokusu}} ) dutse ne a cikin Terskey Ala-kuma na [[Tian Shan]]. Yana kuma a cikin yankin Issyk-Kul a gabashin [[Kirgistan|Kyrgyzstan]] . Ka == Tarihi == N. Popov, G. Beloglazov, V. Ratsek, da K. Baygazinov ne suka fara hawan sa a shekarar 1937. <ref>Кыргызстан географиясы / Мамлекеттик энциклопедия борбору. - Бишкек, 2004.</ref> a kwai labaran kasa 42 .1699°N 78.4679°E .{{stub}} == Nassoshi == q870wzivruojtqzusaf94stusv03jzw 891937 891936 2026-08-06T08:15:34Z Baffa ali 47435 891937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karakol Peak''' ( {{Lang-ru|Пик Каракол|Pik Karakol}} , {{Lang-ky|Каракол чокусу|Karakol çokusu}} ) dutse ne a cikin Terskey Ala-kuma na [[Tian Shan]]. Yana kuma a cikin yankin Issyk-Kul a gabashin [[Kirgistan|Kyrgyzstan]] . Tsayin sa yakai 5,216m . == Tarihi == N. Popov, G. Beloglazov, V. Ratsek, da K. Baygazinov ne suka fara hawan sa a shekarar 1937. <ref>Кыргызстан географиясы / Мамлекеттик энциклопедия борбору. - Бишкек, 2004.</ref> a kwai labaran kasa 42 .1699°N 78.4679°E .{{stub}} == Nassoshi == gdadhkgyho0ab853g9tlj5e3h9r8dox 0 37185 891997 735249 2026-08-06T10:21:03Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Ƙafur]] ta jahar [[Katsina]] tana da Mazaɓu guda goma (10) a ƙarƙashin ta. Ga jerin sunayen su kamar haka;<ref>https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Katsina&lga=Kafur</ref> # Dantutture # Dutsin kura/kanya # Gamzago # Gozaki # Kafur # Mahuta # Masari # Sabuwar kasa # Yari bori # Yartalata/rigoji. ==Manazarta== a5mzx6nu1m15w3xpyk9we1c27jwlxcz 0 40768 891863 309245 2026-08-06T05:26:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Diori Hamani Airport.jpg|thumb]] [[File:1) 54+29 - NIAMEY (DRRN) Airport.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Secretary of State meets Nigerien authorities (52752306910).jpg|thumb]] [[File:2) 54+29 - NIAMEY (DRRN) Airport.jpg|thumb]] '''Groupe Air Sénégal''', yana aiki azaman '''jirgin saman Senegal''', jirgin sama ne mai babban ofishinsa a filin jirgin sama na Léopold Sédar Senghor a [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] . Yana kuma gudanar da tsarin sadarwa da aka tsara a Senegal da maƙwabta daga babban sansaninta a filin jirgin sama na Léopold Sédar Senghor.<ref name="ch-aviation">{{cite web|title=Dakar shuts down Senegal Airlines; new carrier to emerge|url=http://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/45513-dakar-shuts-down-senegal-airlines-new-carrier-to-emerge|website=ch-aviation|accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Senegal Guardian">{{cite web|last1=Cisse|first1=Malick|title=Africa's airline graveyard piles up: Senegal shuts down national carrier amid $110 million debt|url=http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-04-14-africas-airline-graveyard-piles-up-senegal-shuts-down-national-carrier-amid-110-million-debt|website=Mail & Guardian Africa|accessdate=15 April 2016|archive-date=2016-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416064853/http://mgafrica.com/article/2016-04-14-africas-airline-graveyard-piles-up-senegal-shuts-down-national-carrier-amid-110-million-debt|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.senegalairlines.aero/content/mentions-legales Mentions Légales] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113112250/http://www.senegalairlines.aero/content/mentions-legales |date=2011-01-13 }}." Senegal Airlines. Retrieved on 27 January 2011. "'GROUPE AIR SENEGAL, Société Anonyme avec conseil d’administration au capital de 16.500.000.000 FCFA, opérant sous la dénomination commerciale « SENEGAL AIRLINES », sise Aéroport Léopold Sédar SENGHOR BP 38265 – DAKAR YOFF (SENEGAL), immatriculée au RCCM de Dakar sous le n° SN DKR 2009 B 11310, NINEA 40694662G3, représentée aux fins des présentes par Edgardo BADIALI, Directeur Général."</ref> == Tarihi == An ƙaddamar da kamfanin ne bayan Air Sénégal International ya daina aiki a shekara ta 2009, kuma ya yi tashinsa na farko a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011. Shugaban Kamfanin Jirgin na Senegal shine Edgardo Badiali, tsohon Shugaba na GoAir da MyAir . <ref name="fg" /> Kashi 64% na sirri ne. [[File:Commercial flight TS842 YUL to FLL airplane C-GOIE Airbus A321-271NX.jpg|thumb|jirgin sama kenan]] A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2016, Ministan Tattalin Arziki, Kuɗi da Tsare-tsare na Senegal, Amadou Ba, ya sanar da cewa, kamfanin jiragen saman Senegal ya daina aiki a hukumance. <ref name="ch-aviation"/> An rufe kamfanin jirgin na Senegal ne saboda ya tara sama da CFA biliyan 100 kwatankwacin dalar Amurka miliyan 172 na bashi tun farkonsa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}} Senegal da tsare-tsaren kafa wani sabon flag jigilar kayayyaki a nan gaba. == Wuraren == Jirgin na Senegal ya ba da sabis ga biranen Afirka masu zuwa kafin ya daina aiki a cikin Afrilun shekara ta 2016: === Afirka === * '''[[Benin]]''' ** [[Cotonou]] - [[Filin jirgin sama na Cotonou|Cotonou Airport]] * '''[[Burkina Faso]]''' ** [[Ouagadougou]] - [[Filin jirgin saman Ouagadougou|Filin jirgin sama na Ouagadougou]] * '''[[Kamaru]]''' ** [[Douala]] - [[Filin jirgin saman Douala|Douala Airport]] * '''[[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]]''' ** [[Praia]] - Praia Airport * '''[[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]]''' ** [[Abidjan]] - [[Filin jirgin saman Abidjan|Port Bouet Airport]] * '''[[Gabon]]''' ** [[Libreville]] - Libreville International Airport * '''[[Gambiya|Gambia]]''' ** [[Banjul]] - Banjul International Airport * '''[[Gini]]''' ** [[Conakry]] - Gbessia Airport * '''[[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]''' ** [[Bisau|Bissau]] - Osvaldo Vieira International Airport * '''[[Mali]]''' ** [[Bamako]] - [[Filin jirgin saman Bamako|Senou International Airport]] * '''[[Muritaniya|Mauritania]]''' ** [[Nouakchott]] - Nouakchott International Airport * '''[[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]''' ** [[Niamey|Yamai]] - [[Filin jirgin saman Niamey|Filin jirgin saman Yamai]] * '''[[Senegal]]''' ** Cap Skirring - Cap Skirring Airport ** [[Dakar]] - Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport '''Hub''' ** Ziguinchor - Ziguinchor Airport<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Senegal-Airlines|title=Sénégal Airlines Fleet Details and History|work=planespotters.net|access-date=2023-01-06|archive-date=2020-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029225750/https://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Senegal-Airlines|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Jirgin Sama == [[File:SNG_A320_6V-AIH.JPG|right|thumb| Jirgin saman Senegal Airbus A320-200 a cikin 2010]] Kamfanin jiragen saman Senegal ya yi aiki da jiragen sama masu zuwa har sai an daina aiki a cikin Afrilun shekara ta 2016: == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commons category-inline|Senegal Airlines}} * [http://www.senegalairlines.aero/ Yanar Gizo na hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110130061841/http://www.senegalairlines.aero/ |date=2011-01-30 }} {{In lang|fr}} [[Category:Jirgin Sama]] [[Category:Sararin samaniya]] [[Category:Zirga-zirga]] [[Category:Tafiye-tafiye]] [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] 8t0hbk0ga6dvbtpfk769058j6i00wwq 0 41084 891939 826714 2026-08-06T08:19:13Z ~2026-43291-49 47633 891939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Labarai''' shine bayani game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu. Ana kuma iya ba da wannan ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban: maganar baki, [[Printing|bugu]], tsarin gidan waya, watsa shirye-shirye, [[Sadarwa|sadarwar lantarki]], ko ta hanyar shaidar masu kallo da masu shaida abubuwan da suka faru. Ana kiran labarai wani lokaci "hard news" don bambanta shi da soft news. Batutuwa na gama gari don rahotannin labarai sun haɗa da [[yaƙi]], [[gwamnati]], [[siyasa]], ilimi, [[Lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], [[Canjin yanayi|muhalli]], [[tattalin arziki]], kasuwanci, kayan sawa, nishaɗi, da [[wasanni]], da kuma abubuwan ban mamaki ko na ban mamaki. Sanarwar gwamnati, game [[Sarauta|da bukukuwan sarauta]], [[Doka|dokoki]], haraji, lafiyar jama'a, da [[Laifi|masu laifi]], ana kiransu labarai tun zamanin da. Ci gaban [[fasaha]] da zamantakewa, sau da yawa ta hanyar sadarwar gwamnati da hanyoyin sadarwar leƙen asiri, sun ƙara saurin da labarai zasu iya yadawa, da kuma rinjayar abubuwan da ke ciki. A cikin tarihi, mutane sun yi jigilar sabbin bayanai ta hanyar baka. Bayan da aka ci gaba a kasar Sin tsawon shekaru aru-aru, an kafa jaridu a Turai a zamanin farko na zamani. A karni na 20, [[rediyo]] da [[talabijin]] sun zama muhimmiyar hanyar watsa labarai. Yayin da a cikin 21st, [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] ma ya fara taka irin wannan rawar. == Ma'ana == === Asalin kalma === Kalmar [[Turanci|Ingilishi]], "labarai" ta samo asali ne a karni na 14 a matsayin amfani na musamman na jam'i na "new". A cikin Middle English, kalmar daidai da ita ita ce ''newes'', kamar ''[[wiktionary:nouvelles|nouvelles]]'' na Faransa da ''Neues'' na Jamus. Ana samun irin wannan ci gaba a cikin harsunan Slavic-wato cognates daga Serbo-Croatian ''[[wiktionary:novost|novost]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nov#Serbo-Croatian|nov]]'', "news"), Czech da Slovak ''[[wiktionary:noviny|noviny]]'' (daga ''[[wiktionary:nový|nový]]'', "new"), da Yaren mutanen Poland ''novini'', Bulgarian ''novini'' da ''novosti'' [[Rashanci|na Rasha]]-da kuma haka kuma a cikin yarukan Celtic: newyddion na ''Wales'' (daga ''newydd'') da kuma na Cornish ''nowodhow'' (daga ''nowydh''). Jessica Garretson Finch an lasafta shi da haɗa kalmar "abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu" yayin koyarwa a Kwalejin Barnard a cikin shekarar 1890s. === Newness === Kamar yadda sunansa ke nunawa, "labarai" yawanci suna nuna gabatar da sabbin bayanai.<ref name="Stephens13">Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 13.</ref><ref name="Smith7">Smith,''The Newspaper: An International History'' (1979), p. 7. "In the information which [the newspaper] chose to supply, and in the many sources of information which it took over and reorganized, it contained a bias towards recency or newness; to its readers, it offered regularity of publication. It had to be filled with whatever was available, unable to wait until information of greater clarity or certainty or of wider perspective had accumulated."</ref> Sabbin labaran yana ba shi wani ingantaccen inganci wanda ya bambanta shi da mafi yawan binciken tarihi ko wasu fannonin ilimi.<ref name="Smith7" /><ref>Salmon, ''The Newspaper and the [[Historian]]'' (1923), p. 10. Salmon quotes [[Théophraste Renaudot]]: "History is the record of things accomplished. A ''Gazette'' is the reflection of feelings and rumors of the time which may or may not be true."</ref><ref name="Pettegree3">Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 3. "Even as news became more plentiful in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the problem of establishing the veracity of news reports remained acute. The news market—and by the sixteenth century it was a real market—was humming with conflicting reports, some incredible, some all too plausible: lives, fortunes, even the fate of kingdoms could depend upon acting on the right information."</ref> Ganin cewa masana tarihi suna kallon abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin alamun da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru, labarun labarai kan bayyana abubuwan da suka faru a keɓe, da kuma ware tattaunawa kan alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu.<ref name="Park675">Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), pp. 675–676. "News is not history because, for one thing among others, it deals, on the whole, with isolated events and does not seek to relate them to one another either in the form of causal or in the form of [[Teleological]] sequences."</ref> Labarai suna bayyana duniya a fili a halin yanzu ko kuma a baya, ko da lokacin da muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin labarin sun faru a baya-ko kuma ana sa ran su faru a nan gaba. Don yin labarai, aikin da ke gudana dole ne ya kasance yana da wasu “peg”, wani abin da ya faru a cikin lokaci wanda ke ɗaure shi zuwa yanzu. <ref name="Park675" /> <ref>Schudson, "When? Deadlines, Datelines, and History"; in ''Reading The News'' (1986), ed. Manoff & Schudson; pp. 81–82.</ref> Hakazalika, labarai sau da yawa suna magana game da ɓangarori na gaskiya waɗanda suke kama da sabon abu, karkata, ko kuma na yau da kullun. <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), pp. 13–14.</ref> Don haka shahararriyar lafazin cewa “Kare ya ciji mutum” ba labari ba ne, amma “Man Bites Fog” ne. <ref>Park, "News as a Form of Knowledge" (1940), p. 678.</ref> Wani abin da ke tattare da sabbin labarai shi ne, yayin da sabbin fasahohi ke baiwa sabbin kafafen yada labarai damar yada labarai cikin sauri, hanyoyin sadarwa na ‘sannu a hankali’ na iya kau da kai daga ‘labarai’ zuwa ‘bincike’. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 56. "It is axiomatic in journalism that the fastest medium with the largest potential audience will disseminate the bulk of a community's breaking news. Today that race is being won by television and radio. Consequently, daily newspapers are beginning to underplay breaking news about yesterday's events (already old news to much of their audience) in favor of more analytical perspectives on those events. In other words, dailies are now moving in the direction toward which weeklies retreated when dailies were introduced."</ref> === Kayayyaki === A cewar wasu ka'idoji, "labarai" shine duk abin da masana'antar labarai ta sayar. <ref>Heyd, ''Reading newspapers'' (2012), pp. 35, 82. "... newspapers were defining what news was, categorizing and expanding their domain on the fly. Indeed, Somerville argues that 'news' is not an objective 'historical' concept but one that is defined by the news industry as it creates a commodity sold by publishers to the public."</ref> Aikin jarida, wanda aka fahimce shi tare da layi daya, shine aiki ko sana'ar tattarawa da bayar da labarai. <ref>Stephens, ''History of News'' (1988), p. 3. "The term ''journalism'' is used broadly here and elsewhere in the book to refer to more than just the production of printed 'journals'; it is the most succinct term we have for the activity of gathering and disseminating news."</ref> <ref>Shoemaker & Cohen, ''News Around the World'' (2006), p. 7. "[...] for the journalist the assessment of newsworthiness is an operationalization based on the aforementioned conditions. In other words, the practitioner typically constructs a method for fulfilling the daily job requirements. He or she rarely has an underlying theoretical understanding of what defining something or someone as ''newsworthy'' entails. To be sure, individual journalists may engage in more abstract musings about their work, but the profession as a whole is content to apply these conditions and does not care that the theory behind the application is not widely understood. Hall (1981, 147) calls news a 'slippery' concept, with journalists defining newsworthiness as those things that get into the news media."</ref> Daga yanayin kasuwanci, labarai shine kawai shigarwa ɗaya, tare da takarda (ko an electronic server) wajibi ne don shirya samfurin ƙarshe da rarrabawa. <ref>Pettegree, ''The Invention of News'' (2014), p. 6. "News fitted ideally into the expanding market for cheap print, and it swiftly became an important commodity."</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai ya ba da wannan albarkatun "jumla" kuma masu bugawa suna haɓaka shi don siyarwa. <ref name="Globalization6">Boyd-Barrett & Rantanen, ''The Globalization of News'' (1998), p. 6. "News agency news is considered 'wholesale' resource material, something that has to be worked upon, smelted, reconfigured, for conversion into a news report that is suitable for consumption by ordinary readers. It has also suited the news agencies to be thus presented: they have needed to seem credible to extensive networks of 'retail' clients of many different political and cultural shades and hues. They have wanted to avoid controversy, to maintain an image of plain, almost dull, but completely dependable professionalism."</ref> <ref name="MacGregor">Phil MacGregor, "International News Agencies: Global eyes that never blink", in Fowler-Watt & Allan (eds.), ''Journalism'' (2013).</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ebpssdcvb79dgf952zh7h16xv2t9q4c 0 41091 891920 531615 2026-08-06T07:25:10Z Baffa ali 47435 891920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{databox}} [[File:Dante Alighieri 1860.jpg|thumb|Dante Alighieri]] [[Fayil:Dante Aubé.jpg|thumb|Dante Alighieri]] '''Dante Alighieri''' ( Italian: [ˈdante aliˈɡjɛːri] ; {{Circa|1265}} – 14 ga Satumba 1321), watakila an yi masa baftisma da '''Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri''' {{Refn|The name 'Dante' is understood to be a [[hypocorism]] of the name 'Durante', though no document known to survive from Dante's lifetime refers to him as such (including his own writings). A document prepared for Dante's son Jacopo refers to "Durante, often called Dante". He may have been named for his maternal grandfather Durante degli Abati.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gorni |first=Guglielmo |date=2009 |title=Dante: storia di un visionario |location=Rome |publisher=Gius. Laterza & Figli |chapter=Nascita e anagrafe di Dante |isbn=9788858101742}}</ref>}} kuma galibi ana kiransa '''Dante''' da Turanci : / ˈdɑːnteɪ , ˈdæn eɪ , _ _ ˈdæn ti / , [ US : / ˈdɑːnti / [ ), ɗan Italiya ne {{Efn|Though an [[Unification of Italy|Italian nation state]] had yet to be established, the Latin equivalent of the [[Italians#Name|term ''Italian'']] (''italus'') had been in use for natives of [[Italian geographical region|the region]] since antiquity.<ref>[[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Epistulae (Pliny)|Letters]]'' 9.23.</ref>}} mawaƙi, marubuci kuma masanin falsafa. barkwancinsa na ''[[:en:Divine_Comedy|Divine Comedy]]'' wanda asalinsa ake kira {{Lang|it|Comedìa}} ( Italiyanci na zamani: ''Commedia'' ) kuma daga baya ya yi baftisma {{Lang|it|Divina}} wanda Giovanni Boccaccio ya gabatar, <ref>[[Edward Hutton (writer)|Hutton, Edward]] (1910). </ref> ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin mahimman mawaƙan Shekarun Tsaka-Tsaki kuma ayyukansa na adabi a matsayin ayyuka na musamman acikin harshen Italiyanci. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Harold Bloom}}</ref>tana magana da yaren italiya . == Rayuwar Bay == An haifi Dante a birnin Florence na Jamhuriyar Florence, a cikin ƙasar Italiya a yanzu. Ba a san ainihin ranar da aka haife shi ba, ko da yake ana jin cewa yana kusa da Mayu 1265.<ref>Santagata 2016</ref><ref>Took 2021, p. 28</ref><ref>Chimenz, Siro A. (1960). "Alighieri, Dante". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 2. Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Archived from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</ref>. Ana iya fitar da wannan daga ƙagaggun tarihin rayuwa a cikin Comedy Comedy. Sashensa na farko, Inferno, ya fara, “Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita” (“Midway on the tafiyar rayuwarmu”), yana nuna cewa Dante yana kusan shekara 35, tun da matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa bisa ga Littafi Mai Tsarki (Zabura 89). :10, Vulgate) yana da shekara 70; kuma tun lokacin da ya yi balaguro na tunaninsa zuwa duniya a cikin 1300, an haife shi a kusan 1265. Wasu ayoyi na Paradiso sashe na Divine Comedy kuma suna ba da alamar yiwuwar cewa an haife shi a ƙarƙashin alamar Gemini: "Kamar yadda na juya. tare da tagwaye na har abada, na ga an saukar da su, daga tuddai zuwa kantunan kogi, masussukar da ke sa mu zama masu ban tsoro" (XXII 151-154). A cikin 1265, rana ta kasance a Gemini tsakanin kusan Mayu 11 da Yuni 11 (kalandar Yuli).<ref>His birth date is listed as "probably in the end of May" by Robert Hollander in "Dante" in Dictionary of the Middle Ages, volume 4. According to Giovanni Boccaccio, the poet said he was born in May. See "Alighieri, Dante" in the Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.</ref> Dante ya yi iƙirarin cewa danginsa sun fito ne daga tsohuwar Romawa (Inferno, XV, 76), amma dangin farko da zai iya ambata da sunansa shine babban kakansa Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), wanda aka haife shi ba a baya fiye da 1100 ba. Mahaifin Dante shi ne Alighiero di Bellincione, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da kuɗi, <ref>Santagata 2016, p. 21.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 7bkhwap5k0pd5d3i2x6lazk9qfunhl3 0 42397 892094 682760 2026-08-06T11:50:43Z Baffa ali 47435 892094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dubasiyin''' ƙabila ce mai yawan mutane sama da 50,000 a [[Sudan]]. Wannan ƙabila tana jin Larabci na Sudan . Suna cikin rukunin mutanen Larabawa, Sudan. Addinin farko da ƴan dubasiyya ke yi shi ne Musulunci. Kaɗan daga ciki basubane ba. {{Stub}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=42816 Jama'a Groups akan wannan mutane] [[Category:Ƙabilun Afrika]] [[Category:Mutanen Afirka]] 8vujx4ucawbin1zcwc759xo9a2x9bm4 0 44449 891665 594732 2026-08-05T12:06:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hugo Ekitike (PSG 2023).jpg|thumb|Hugo Ekitike]] '''Hugo Ekitike''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, 2002) kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne, ɗan asalin ƙasar faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta P.S.G a matsayin ɗan wasan aro daga Reims.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/hugo-ekitike |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-18 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013074236/https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/hugo-ekitike |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Renato Sanches (PSG 2023).jpg|thumb|Hugo Ekitike a gefe ]] An haifi ekitike ne a kasar faransa daga mahaifinsa wanda ya kasance dan asalin kasar kamaru da mahaifiyarsa 'yar kasar ta faransa<ref name=":0">https://actucameroun.com/2020/06/02/reims-hugo-ekitike-va-signer-son-premier-contrat-professionnel/</ref> sannan ya wakilci kungiyar matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na kasar faransan.<ref name=":1">https://www.lefigaro.fr/sports/football/equipe-de-france/foot-ekitike-et-lukeba-promus-chez-les-espoirs-20211109</ref> ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Bundesliga Eintracht [[Frankfurt]]. == Kuruciya == An haifi Hugo Ekitike<ref name=":0" /> a ranar 20 ga Yuni 2002 a Reims, Marne,<ref name=":1" /> ga mahaifin Faransa da mahaifiyar Kamaru. == Aikin kulob == '''Reims''' A ranar 12 ga Yuli 2020, Ekitike ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko tare da Reims.<ref>"Premier contrat pro pour Hugo Ekitike ! | Stade de Reims". stade-de-reims.com.</ref> Ya yi muhawara tare da babban ƙungiyar a cikin rashin nasarar 3 – 1 Ligue 1 da Lorient a kan 17 Oktoba 2020.<ref>"Reims vs. Lorient – 17 October 2020 – Soccerway". Soccerway.  </ref> A ranar 29 ga Janairu 2021, Ekitike ya koma kulob din Danish Superliga Vejle Boldklub a matsayin aro na sauran kakar.<ref>Vejle Boldklub forstærker sig med Ligue 1-talent Archived 31 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine, vejle-boldklub.dk, 29 January 2021</ref> A ranar 26 ga Satumba 2021, Ekitike ya zira kwallaye na biyu da na uku na Reims a wasan da suka yi nasara da Nantes da ci 3–1, bayan da ya zo a madadinsa.<ref>Oludare, Shina (26 September 2021). "Simon scores as Nantes lose to Ekitike's Reims". Goal (website). Retrieved 27 September 2021.</ref>A cikin kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa na Janairu 2022, Ekitike ya ki amincewa da yuwuwar sauya sheka zuwa Newcastle United. Shugaban Reims Jean-Pierre Caillot ya yarda cewa kulob din ya samu "kyakkyawan tayi" ga Ekitike, amma ya sake nanata cewa "har yanzu akwai wani tarihin da za a rubuta tare"<ref>"Hugo Ekitike: Newcastle move for Reims forward off". Sky Sports. 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.</ref> '''Paris Saint-Germain''' A ranar 16 ga Yuli 2022, [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) ta sanar da rattaba hannu kan Ekitike kan lamuni na tsawon lokaci tare da zaɓin siyan kuɗi akan rahoton kuɗi na Yuro miliyan 35, ƙarin kari.<ref>"Hugo Ekitiké signs with Paris Saint-Germain". Paris Saint-Germain F.C. 16 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.</ref> A cewar majiyoyi da yawa, zaɓin sayan a cikin yarjejeniyar ya zama tilas.<ref>Aouna, Santi (16 July 2022). "PSG : option d'achat obligatoire pour Hugo Ekitike". Foot Mercato (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref> Ekitike ya fara buga wasansa na farko na PSG a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Clermont da ci 5-0 a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2022.<ref>"Debut for Ekitiké". Paris Saint-Germain F.C. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.</ref> A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, ya fara fara wasa a ƙungiyar a cikin nasara da ci 2–1 akan [[Nice]] a Parc des Princes.<ref>"Ligue 1 : première titularisation pour Ekitike avec le PSG, Mbappé remplaçant contre Nice". Le Figaro (in French). 1 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.</ref> Kwanaki goma bayan haka, Ekitike ya fara buga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai na UEFA, inda ya zo a karshen wasan a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 gida da Benfica.<ref>"C1 - PSG Benfica : Les impressions d'Ekitike après le match". Planète PSG (in French). 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022. </ref> A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, ya ci wa Paris Saint-Germain kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Auxerre da ci 5-0 a gida.<ref>Hunsley, James (13 November 2022). "PSG coasting to another Ligue 1 title! Mbappe among scorers but Mendes shines brightest as champions pulverise Auxerre".</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasan da kwallaye hudu da kuma taimakawa hudu a wasanni talatin da biyu, inda ya lashe kofin gasar Ligue 1 na farko.<ref>Paristeam (20 June 2023). "PSG : Hugo Ekitike, un contrat de 4 ans". Paristeam (in French). Retrieved 22 July 2023.</ref> A watan Yuni 2023, canja wurin sa zuwa PSG ya zama yarjejeniya ta dindindin da ta kai Yuro miliyan 28.5 da kuma Yuro miliyan 6.5 a cikin kari.<ref>Chochois, Alexandre (21 February 2023). "Mercato : le PSG dans l'obligation d'acheter Ekitike, si..." (in French). Retrieved 10 July 2023.</ref><ref>Aouna, Santi (16 July 2022). "PSG : option d'achat obligatoire pour Hugo Ekitike". Foot Mercato [fr] (in French). Retrieved 17 July 2022.</ref> A cikin Satumba 2023, an ba da rahoton cewa an cire shi daga cikin 'yan wasan gasar zakarun Turai na kakar 2023-24.<ref>Hawkins, Fabrice (6 September 2023). "PSG: Ekitike et Verratti officiellement écartés de la liste A de la Ligue des champions, Ethan Mbappé et Housni dans la liste B". RMC Sport (in French).</ref> '''Eintracht Frankfurt''' A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2024, Ekitike ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar Eintracht Frankfurt ta Bundesliga a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa tare da zabin siya.<ref>"Eintracht Frankfurt sign Hugo Ekitiké". Eintracht Frankfurt. Retrieved 1 February 2024.</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke FC Köln da ci 2-0 bayan kwana biyu.<ref>"FC Cologne vs. Eintracht Frankfurt". Soccerway. 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024. </ref> A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka yi nasara a gida da ci 3–1 a kan FC Augsburg.<ref>"PSG loanee Ekitiké scores winner as Eintracht Frankfurt beats Augsburg". Connecticut Post. Retrieved 28 April 2024.</ref> A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, an kunna zaɓin siye a cikin yarjejeniyar lamuni ta Ekitike a Eintracht Frankfurt, kuma an canja masa kuɗin Yuro miliyan 16.5.<ref>Eintracht Frankfurt uses option to buy PSG striker Hugo Ekitiké following loan move  "Francfort lève l'option d'achat pour Hugo Ekitike (PSG)". L'Équipe (in French). Retrieved 28 April 2024.  </ref> Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2028–29.<ref>"Francfort lève l'option d'achat pour Hugo Ekitike (PSG)". L'Équipe (in French). Retrieved 28 April 2024.</ref> Washegari, Ekitike ya zura kwallo a ragar Bayern Munich da ci 2-1, bugun kafar dama daga wajen akwatin zuwa kusurwar dama ta kasa<ref>"Bayern 2-1 Eintracht Fr.: results, summary and goals". AS.com. 27 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.</ref>. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ekitike ya cancanci bugawa Faransa wasa saboda haihuwarsa kuma ta hannun mahaifinsa da Kamaru ta hanyar mahaifiyarsa. Shi matashi ne na duniya don Faransa, wanda ya wakilci Faransa U20s.<ref>"Foot : Ekitike et Lukeba promus chez les Espoirs". 9 November 2021.</ref> == Lambar Girmamawa == '''Paris Saint-Germain''' * Ligue 1: 2022-23, [28] 2023-24<ref>"Paris Saint-Germain win their 12th Ligue 1 title!". Paris Saint-Germain F.C. 28 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024. </ref> '''Faransa U20''' * Gasar Maurice Revello: 2022<ref>Hugo Ekitike at the French Football Federation (in French)</ref> {{stub}}{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 2000]] 630di58tehe372j9ilkd4zk32wbh5dt 0 44609 891865 813238 2026-08-06T05:28:47Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Masu ba da gudummawa wajen kafa tsarin kare haƙƙin bil'adama a Afirka sun haɗa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, dokokin kasa da ƙasa da kuma ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka waɗanda suka yi tasiri mai kyau wajen inganta yanayin kare haƙƙin bil'adama a nahiyar. Sai dai har yanzu ana cin zarafin bil'adama da dama a sassa da dama na nahiyar. Yawanci, cin zarafi ana iya danganta su da rashin zaman lafiya na siyasa (sakamakon yaƙin basasa), wariyar launin fata, cin hanci da rashawa, bayan mulkin mallaka, ƙarancin tattalin arziki, jahilci, rashin lafiya, kishin addini, bashi da kuma rashin gudanar da harkokin kuɗi, cin gashin kansa na mulki, rashin cin gashin kai na shari'a da 'yan jarida, da rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Yawancin tanade-tanaden da ke ƙunshe cikin yarjejeniyoyin yanki, na ƙasa. == Tsarin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Afirka == '''Yarjejeniya ta Afirka''' takarda ce ta haƙƙin ɗan adam da ta ƙunshi labarai guda 68 da aka sassaƙa zuwa sassa huɗu—Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Jama'a; Ayyuka; Tsarin Hukumar; da ƙa'idoji masu aiki. Ya haɗa ƙungiyoyin haƙƙoƙi guda uku, wato, yancin jama'a da na siyasa, haƙƙin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu, da haƙƙin ƙungiya da jama'a. Yana aiwatar da wajibai a kan kowane memba na kowace al'ummar Afirka kuma yana haɗa ra'ayoyin 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin mutane, da ayyuka akan mutane. <ref>''The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights'', June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3/Rev.5 (1981)</ref> Ƙungiyar da aka ba da izini don fassara Yarjejeniya, da kuma bincikar korafe-korafen ɗaiɗaikun mutane ita ce '''Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil Adama da Jama'a ta Afirka''' (ACHPR). An kafa ACHPR bisa Art. 30 na Yarjejeniya kuma an buɗe shi a cikin Nuwambar shekara ta 1987. ACHPR tana haɗuwa sau biyu a shekara kuma sakatariyarta tana da hedikwata a [[Banjul]] ([[Gambiya|Gambia]]). <ref>Killander, M. and Abebe, A. (2011). "Human rights developments in the AU." ''African Human Rights Journal.''</ref> == Inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da kare shi == == Ilimin haƙƙin ɗan Adam == Haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam “haƙƙin da mutum yake da shi don kawai mutum ne”. <ref>Donnelly, Jack. (2003). ''Universal human rights in theory and practice''. 2nd edition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, page 1</ref> Wadannan gata da yancin jama'a sun kasance cikin kowane mutum ba tare da nuna bambanci ba kuma inda kabila, wurin zama, jinsi, asalin al'adu, launin fata, addini, ko harshe, ba su da mahimmanci. <ref>https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/Whatcation<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=June 2021}}</ref> Ainihin yana nufin "dukkan koyo da ke haɓaka ilimi, ƙwarewa, da ƙimar haƙƙin ɗan adam." <ref>Stone, A. (2002). "Human rights education and public policy in the United States: Mapping the road ahead." ''Human Rights Quarterly'', ''24'', 537-557.</ref> Ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam ya ƙunshi ɗimbin manufofi da ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka haɗa da zaman lafiya, adalci da haƙuri, daidaito, diflomasiyya, da ƙima ga mutunta ɗan adam. Ta hanyar ba da tabbaci da haɓaka mutunta haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin duk wayewar kai, yana baiwa ɗalibai damar ba da gudummawa sosai wajen haɗa makoma mai ɗorewa da mara tashin hankali. <ref>UNESCO. (2011). ''Contemporary issues in human rights education''. France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, p. 5</ref> A cewar Amnesty International, ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam aiki ne mai maƙasudi, aikin haɗin kai wanda aka yi niyya don ƙarfafa mutane da al'ummomi ta hanyar haɓaka son ilimi, ƙarfafa samun ƙwarewa, da haɓaka ɗabi'a da tunani masu dacewa da ƙa'idodin da aka yarda da su a duniya. Tana fatan hada al'adun mutunta daukar mataki cikin gaggawa wajen karewa da ƙarfafa 'yancin dan adam ga dukkan 'yan kasa. A cikin aiwatar da doka, ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam yana nufin haɓaka wayewar xaliban da fahimtar yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙoƙin don tabbatar da kiyaye haƙƙin mutane a cikin al'umma, bayyana gaskiya a cikin mu'amala da ayyukan gwamnati, alhaki/ alhakin gudanar da mu'amalar jama'a, da daidaito da rashin son kai. aikin ƙarfi. <ref>OSCE (2012). ''Guidelines on Human Rights Education for Law Enforcement Officials.'' Vienna, Austria: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</ref> A mafi yawan lokuta, ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam yana bayyana ta hanyar sanannen ilimi ko ilimin al'umma tare da manufar tsara mutane da kunna mazaɓa don faɗaɗa da haɓaka ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa. An ƙirƙiri waɗannan samfuran tushen al'umma kuma an kafa su a yankunan ƙauye na Latin Amurka, Asiya, da kuma Afirka. Ana kallon irin waɗannan yunƙurin ilmantar da haƙƙin ɗan adam a matsayin tsarin siyasa da na ilimi don taimakawa tsarin dimokuradiyya da samun ɗan ƙasa mai kuzari. Idan aka ba da hankali a cikin waɗannan yunƙurin ilimi sune haƙƙoƙin farar hula, siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da al'adu da haƙƙoƙin daidaito ga wasu nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi. Sakamakon haka, ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam ya bambanta ta asali, hanya da dabara, iyaka, maida hankali, girman kai, da isarwa. == Haƙƙoƙin matan Afirka == An sami gagarumin ci gaba a game da bunƙasa yancin mata na Afirka da shigar mata cikin harkokin siyasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Nahiyar Nahiyar ta yi amfani da wasu tsare-tsare da suka dace, kamar yarjejeniyar [[Maputo]], sanarwar, kamar sanarwar da kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yi kan daidaiton jinsi a Afirka, da kudurorin da ke da nufin tabbatar da yancin mata. Hakanan waɗannan kayan aikin sun haifar da ƙungiyoyin sa ido da yawa don tabbatar da cikar manufofin matan Afirka. <ref name=":0" /> Duk da haka, matan Afirka suna ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubale marasa ma'ana ta fuskar tattalin arziki, a rayuwarsu, da kuma matsayinsu a cikin al'umma, musamman idan ana batun kiwon lafiya da ilimi. Isasshen kiwon lafiya, wayar da kan hana haihuwa, da fahimtar zubar da ciki lafiyayye ya yi ƙaranci saboda ababen more rayuwa na kiwon lafiya na nahiyar, yana mai da mata wuya su samu gamsasshen damar zuwa asibitocin lafiya. <ref name=":0" /> Haka kuma, matan Afirka na ci gaba da bin diddigin mazan Afirka a cikin kayan aikinsu don samun dama, amfani, da sarrafa filaye da sauran albarkatu, wanda ke sa su zama marasa tsaro a cikin rikice-rikice da kuma rashin tsaro a lokutan bala'i. Yarjejeniyar '''Maputo ta''' daidaita dabi'un 'yancin ɗan adam na mata a Afirka. Yarjejeniyar tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman adadin tabbatar da kayan aiki a cikin Tarayyar Afirka. A cikin wannan yarjejeniya, bayanin cin zarafi ga mata ya bambanta duka ta jiki da ta zuciya da kuma barazanar zalunci da bacin rai. Ta bayyana rawar da mata ke takawa a harkokin siyasa da jama’a tare da jan hankalin jam’iyyun jahohi da su ware lokaci da kudi don yin dokoki da sauran hanyoyin da za su tabbatar da daidaiton wakilcin mata da maza wajen yanke shawara. Yarjejeniyar ta tanadi dokar haramta kaciyar mata a shari'a da kuma amincewa da zubar da ciki a lokuta na fyade, lalata da mata, lalata da kuma ci gaba da daukar ciki da ke barazana ga lafiyar kwakwalwa da ta jiki/rayuwar uwa ko tayin. Ita ce kuma yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke magana ba tare da wata shakka ba game da cutar HIV/AIDS. Sauran tanade-tanade da ke ƙunshe a cikin adireshin ƙa'idar da aka kafa amma ayyuka masu lalacewa, auren yara, auren mata fiye da ɗaya, gado, ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, shigar mata a siyasance, ilimi, da mata a cikin rikicin makami. <ref>Center for Human Rights (2016). ''A guide to the African human rights system.'' South Africa: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP), p. 6</ref> == Hakkokin yaran Afirka == Nau'ukan tashe-tashen hankula da musgunawa na yin illa ga rayuwar yara da dama a Afirka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cin zarafi na tattalin arziƙi da jima'i, nuna bambancin jinsi a fannin ilimi, da kuma kama su a cikin tashin hankali a lokacin tashe-tashen hankula. A cewar UNICEF, akwai kimanin yara miliyan 150 a tsakanin shekaru 5-14 da ke aiki tukuru da kuma manya. An ƙirƙira don kare yara da kiyaye haƙƙoƙinsu na asali, an ƙirƙiri '''''Yarjejeniya ta Afirka kan Haƙƙin Yara da Jin Dadin Yara''''' (ACRWC). Har ila yau, ya zama babbar hanyar doka a cikin tsarin yancin ɗan adam na Afirka wanda ke fayyace haƙƙoƙi da gata da ya kamata ƙasashen Afirka su baiwa 'ya'yansu. Sauran matsalolin da kasashen Afirka ke son yarjejeniyar ta magance sun haɗa da batutuwan da suka shafi yaran da ke rayuwa ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata, auren yara, kaciyar mata (FGM), rikice-rikice na cikin gida da ƙaura, haƙƙin yaran da aka ɗaure iyayensu mata, rashin tsafta, da kuma rawar da suka taka. iyali a reno da reno. === Yaran sojoji === ==== Ma'anarsa ==== Bisa ga ''ka'idodin Paris da ƙa'idoji game da yara masu haɗin gwiwa da Sojoji ko Ƙungiyoyin Makamai'', yaro soja shine "kowane mutumin da ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 wanda aka ɗauka ko amfani da shi ta hanyar soja ko ƙungiyar masu ɗauke da makamai a kowace hanya, ciki har da amma a'a. iyakance ga yara, maza da mata da aka yi amfani da su azaman mayaka, masu dafa abinci, ƴan dako, manzanni, ƴan leƙen asiri ko don yin jima'i." Sau da yawa ana tura yara sojoji ta hanyar tilas ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfi, ta hanyar yin garkuwa da su ko kuma yi musu barazana. Wasu kuma suna yin rajista da son rai don guje wa matsanancin wahala da talauci. <ref>Vindevogel, S., Coppens, K., Derluyn, I., Loots, G,\. and Broekaert, E. (2011). "Forced conscription of children during armed conflict: Experiences of former child soldiers in Northern Uganda." ''Child Abuse & Neglect,'' ''35'', 551–62.</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke sa yara aikin soja shine ana kallon su a matsayin abin da za a iya raba su, ko kuma "masu jefarwa" kuma kula da su ba ya da tsada. Ana kuma ganin su a matsayin mafi sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da manya, waɗanda suka riga sun sami ma'anar mutane. Tun da yara ba sa jin tsoro, suna karɓar wasu ayyuka masu haɗari ba tare da nazarin abin da suke shiga ba. <ref>Wessels, Michael (2006). ''Child Soldiers: From Violence to Protection''. London: Harvard University Press, p. 36.</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na Afirka == Akwai ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa guda tara da ke aiki don kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Afirka, wato su ne kamar haka: Human ''Rights Watch'', ''International Committee of the Red Cross'', ''Global Rights'', ''Amnesty International'', ''International Federation for Human Rights'', ''Refugees International'', ''UN Watch'', ''Human Rights Foundation'', da kuma ''Kariya International'' . == Halin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa == === Arewacin Afirka === [[File:Mohamed_Cheikh_Ould_Mkhaitir.png|thumb|281x281px| An yanke wa Mohamed Mkhaïtir wani marubuci dan ƙasar Mauritaniya hukuncin kisa bayan ya rubuta wata ƙasida mai sukar addini da kabilanci a ƙasar Mauritania. ]] A '''Aljeriya''', manyan batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da kutsawa cikin sirri ba tare da izini ba, kafa dokoki da ke hana ƙayyadaddun 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, dokokin cin mutuncin laifuffuka waɗanda galibi ba a san su ba, ƙuntatawa kan 'yancin 'yan jaridu, 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, cin hanci da rashawa na jami'an gwamnati, rashi ko rashin 'yancin kai da tsaka-tsaki a cikin ma'aikatun shari'a, mummunar cin zarafin mata a cikin gida, haramta ayyukan jima'i, cin zarafi ta hanyar jima'i ga mutanen LGBTI, da fataucin mutane. A yayin da gwamnati ke ƙoƙarin yin bincike, daukar matakin shari'a, da hukunta jami'an gwamnati da suka aikata laifuka, har yanzu akwai rashin hukunta 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro kuma ya kasance matsala a kasar nan. A shekara ta 2016 a ƙasar '''Masar''', an ayyana dakatar da sukar gwamnati da jama'a ke yi. Ana kama mutane lokacin da ake zarginsu ko kuma aka tabbatar da cewa suna da hannu a zanga-zanga ko kuma halartar taron zanga-zangar. An ba da umarnin hana tafiye-tafiye tare da kama ko kuma daskarar da kadarorin sanannun ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. An tuhumi manyan daraktocin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da shugaban kungyiyar 'yan jaridu da kuma kan jagororin yakyi da cin hanci da rashawa na Masar. Jami’an tsaro na ci gaba da muzgunawa da azabtar da fursunonin kuma daruruwan mutane sun bace a boye ba tare da la’akari da yadda jami’an gwamnati suka saba wa doka ba. Tun daga watan Afrilun shekara ta 2018, wani daftarin aiki na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ba da rahoton cewa, dubban 'yan bindiga da ke da alaka da gwamnati a '''Libya''' sun yi ta keta haƙƙin bil'adama. Dangane da rahotannin Amnesty International, dakarun da ke kawance da gwamnatocin da ke gaba da juna - ban da ƙungiyoyin da ke ɗauke da makamai da dakaru masu zaman kansu - suna ci gaba da aiwatar da rashin jin dadi na wulakanta dokokin duniya da cin zarafi ga 'yancin dan adam. Wadannan ƙungiyoyi suna kai hare-hare ba kakkautawa a yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar dubban fararen hula. Suna ci gaba da yin garkuwa, da kamawa da tsare dubban mutane na wani lokaci mara iyaka. An tsananta wa marasa tausayi da kuma yin amfani da wasu mugayen hanyoyi a cikin ɗakunan kurkuku. Mata suna fuskantar muguwar wariya, gami da tauye hakkinsu na tafiye-tafiye. Ana ci gaba da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa. * Mauritania * [[Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Morocco|Maroko]] * [[Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Sudan|Sudan]] * Tunisiya * Yammacin Sahara === Yankin Saharar Afirka === An yankewa wasu sojojin [[Kamaru]] hudu hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari bisa laifin harbe mata 2 da ƙananan yara 2 a shekara ta 2015. An ɗauki hoton harbin ne a wani faifan bidiyo da aka yaɗa ta yanar gizo a shekara ta 2018. A cikin faifan bidiyon an ga sojoji suna zargin matan da alaka da ƙungiyar ta'addanci ta [[Boko Haram]] . == Duba kuma == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201210707/https://www.child-soldiers.org/where-are-there-child-soldiers Child Army International] * [[Afirka]] * Jerin labaran haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * Bösl, Anton & Diescho, Joseph (Eds), 'Yancin Dan Adam a Afirka. Ra'ayin Shari'a game da kariya da haɓaka su; Macmillan Ilimi Namibia 2009. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-99916-0-956-0|978-99916-0-956-0]] * [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/862701468201600335/pdf/328170AFR0Girls1ed1AFHDno73.pdf Ilimin 'Yan Mata A Afirka Me Muka Sani Game da Dabarun Da Suke Aiki?] * Horn, Nico da Anton Bösl (eds. ) Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Doka a Namibiya, Macmillan Namibiya 2009. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-99916-0-915-7|978-99916-0-915-7]] * Viljoen, Frans da Chidi Odinkalu. " [http://www.omct.org/files/2006/11/3978/handbook3_eng_00_table_of_contents.pdf Haramcin azabtarwa da cin zarafi a cikin Tsarin 'Yancin Dan Adam na Afirka LITTAFI MAI KYAU GA wadanda aka zalunta da masu ba da shawararsu]." ( {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205022824/http://www.omct.org/files/2006/11/3978/handbook3_eng_00_table_of_contents.pdf |date=2010-12-05 }} ) Kungiyar Yaki da azabtarwa ta Duniya (OMCT). OMCT Littafin Jagora Vol. 3 Jerin Edita: Boris Wijkström * [https://camfed.org/why-girls-education/ Lokacin da kake karantar da yarinya, komai yana canzawa] * [https://www.unicef.org/esaro/5481_girls_education.html Ilimin 'yan mata da daidaiton jinsi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827075430/https://www.unicef.org/esaro/5481_girls_education.html |date=2018-08-27 }} * [https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/06/16/africa-make-girls-access-education-reality Nahiyar Afrika: Ka Sanya Ilimin ‘Yan Mata Ya Zama Gaskiya] * [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gender-schooling-un/sub-saharan-africa-rates-poorly-in-equal-education-for-boys-and-girls-u-n-idUSKCN0S600M20151012 Yankin kudu da hamadar sahara ya yi kasa a gwiwa wajen samun daidaiton ilimin yara maza da mata: Majalisar Dinkin Duniya] * [https://www.awid.org/news-and-analysis/combatting-violence-against-women-algeria-mobilizing-and-challenges Yaki da cin zarafin mata a Aljeriya: Tattaunawa da kalubale] * [https://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Algeria-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf Aljeriya, Bayanin Daidaiton Jinsi, UNICEF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417153017/https://www.unicef.org/gender/files/Algeria-Gender-Eqaulity-Profile-2011.pdf |date=2021-04-17 }} * [https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1107&context=yhrdlj Rinjaye Talauci a Masar: Cin Hanci da Hakkokin Dan Adam da suka Taimakawa Juyin Juya Halin 25 ga Janairu] * [https://www.rienner.com/uploads/54f0ae7f6c91d.pdf Siyasar 'Yancin Dan Adam a Masar da Jordan] * [https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/206355/jmalghitta022014web.pdf Makomar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin sabuwar Libya: Abubuwan da ake bukata da kalubale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828102358/https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/206355/jmalghitta022014web.pdf |date=2018-08-28 }} * [https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/01/21/priorities-legislative-reform/human-rights-roadmap-new-libya Muhimman abubuwan da za a kawo gyara ga majalisa: Taswirar haƙƙin ɗan adam don sabuwar Libya] * [https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/LY/OverviewViolationsLibya_UNSMIL_OHCHR_Sept04_en.pdf BAYANI AKAN CIN HAKKIN DAN ADAM NA KASA DA DOKAR DAN ADAM A LOKACIN TASHIN HANKALI A LIBYA.] * [https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/27/human-rights-situation-nigeria-and-womens-rights-concerns-mauritania Halin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam a Najeriya da Matsalolin 'Yancin Mata a Mauritania] * [https://nawmagazine.com/the-true-state-of-the-state-of-womens-rights-in-africa/ GASKIYA JIHAR HAKKIN MATA A AFRICA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203039/https://nawmagazine.com/the-true-state-of-the-state-of-womens-rights-in-africa/ |date=2022-04-07 }} * [http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/brief/improving-gender-equality-in-africa Inganta Daidaiton Jinsi a Afirka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320145130/https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/brief/improving-gender-equality-in-africa |date=2023-03-20 }} * [https://nawmagazine.com/womens-rights-figures-in-africa-10-factoids-to-make-you-think/ HOTUNAN HAKKIN MATA A AFRIKA: ABUBUWA GUDA 10 DA ZA KU IYA TUNANI!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203100/https://nawmagazine.com/womens-rights-figures-in-africa-10-factoids-to-make-you-think/ |date=2022-04-07 }} * [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jun/12/african-politics-blazing-a-trail-african-women-leaders-network-evelyn-anite Yana da wuya mata su kai ga matsayi na farko a siyasar Afirka - amma muna kan hanya] * [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/sep/16/corruption-africa-violates-human-rights-fuels-radicalism-why-do-we-tolerate-it Cin hanci da rashawa a Afirka ya keta haƙƙin ɗan adam.] [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/sep/16/corruption-africa-violates-human-rights-fuels-radicalism-why-do-we-tolerate-it Me yasa muka jure shi?] * [https://www.hrw.org/news/2003/06/20/regional-crisis-and-human-rights-abuses-west-africa Rikicin Yanki da cin zarafin Bil Adama a Yammacin Afirka: Takaddar Takaddama ga Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya] * [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/jul/24/south-sudan-child-soldiers Idan kun isa ɗaukar bindiga, kun isa soja'] * [https://answersafrica.com/child-soldiers-in-africa.html Abubuwa 10 masu ban tsoro game da Sojoji a Afirka] * [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/unicef-road-soldier-child-biggest-challenge-180212102306805.html Daukar yara kanana aikin soja har yanzu tana karuwa a Sudan ta Kudu] * [https://www.up.ac.za/en/faculty-of-law/news/post_2703179--maputo-protocol-turns-15-a-call-for-states-to-ratify-and-implement-the-protocol-moving-from-rhetoric-to-action Maputo Protocol ya cika shekaru 15!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831181716/https://www.up.ac.za/en/faculty-of-law/news/post_2703179--maputo-protocol-turns-15-a-call-for-states-to-ratify-and-implement-the-protocol-moving-from-rhetoric-to-action |date=2018-08-31 }} [https://www.up.ac.za/en/faculty-of-law/news/post_2703179--maputo-protocol-turns-15-a-call-for-states-to-ratify-and-implement-the-protocol-moving-from-rhetoric-to-action Kira ga jihohi da su amince da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar daga zance zuwa aiki]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/guterres-thousands-child-soldiers-fight-somalia-170120063747893.html Guterres: Dubban yara sojoji ne ke yaki a Somaliya] * [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/sep/11/child-soldier-recruits-double-in-one-year-in-middle-east-and-north-africa Yaran soja sun dauki aikin soja sau biyu a cikin shekara guda a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka] == [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/01/guterres-thousands-child-soldiers-fight-somalia-170120063747893.html Hanyoyin haɗi na waje] == * [http://www.claiminghumanrights.org/ Da'awar 'Yancin Dan Adam] * [https://au.int/en/organs/cj Tarayyar Afirka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518223231/https://au.int/en/organs/cj |date=2019-05-18 }} * [http://www.ecowas.int/ Kungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka (ECOWAS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916180305/http://www.sec.ecowas.int/index.html |date=2008-09-16 }} * [https://www.eac.int/ Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka] * [https://www.afdb.org/en/ Rukunin Bankin Raya Afirka] * [https://www.equalitynow.org/promoting_african_womens_rights?locale=en Inganta Haƙƙin Matan Afirka] * Bösl, A da Diescho, J. (eds), Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Afirka. Halayen Shari'a akan kariyar su da haɓakawa, Ilimin Macmillan Namibiya, 2009 [http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/8/2/year-2009/dokument_id-16347/index.html]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/what_is_human_rights_education Masu fafutukar neman Ilimin Hakkokin Dan Adam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606002550/http://www.theadvocatesforhumanrights.org/what_is_human_rights_education |date=2019-06-06 }} * [http://www.hrea.org/ Cibiyar Ilimi da Horar da Hakkokin Dan Adam] * [http://pdhre.org/ PDHR - Ƙungiyar Jama'a don Koyon Haƙƙin Dan Adam] * [https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/educators.html Youth for Human Rights] * Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka - Rahoton Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Shekara-shekara ** [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/c25283.htm 2007] [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/c20794.htm 2006] [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/c17092.htm 2005] [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/c14133.htm 2004] [[Category:Hakkin tsaro]] [[Category:Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Haƙƙoƙin Mata]] [[Category:Haƙƙoƙi]] [[Category:Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki]] [[Category:Ƴancin Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴancin muhalli]] aupdl8kc2hgje9ojch8m5yr9w7e4sqr 0 44712 892090 878014 2026-08-06T11:33:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdou Karim Coulibaly''' (an haife shi ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in da uku 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne kuma ɗan asalin ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a SAS Épinal a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu. == Sana'a == An haife shi a Bakel, Senegal, Coulibaly ya rattaɓa hannu a cibiyar horar da AS Nancy yana da shekaru 14, yayin horo a US Villejuif. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ƙwararrun sa na farko, na tsawon shekaru uku, a cikin shekarar 2013.<ref>https://www.estrepublicain.fr/sport/2013/05/08/cool-comme-couli</ref> Tawagar sa ta farko ta zo ne a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 0–3 a gasar Ligue 1 a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun 2013.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/23/france/ligue-1/association-sportive-nancy-lorraine/association-sportive-de-saint-etienne-loire/1286267/</ref> Ya zira ƙwallonsa na farko a babban burinsa a ranar 26 ga watan Oktoban 2013 a wasan Ligue 2 da Caen.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/26/france/ligue-2/stade-malherbe-caen-calvados-basse-norma/association-sportive-nancy-lorraine/1479788/</ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2017, Coulibaly ya bar Nancy don taka leda a Willem II a cikin Dutch Eredivisie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://maligue2.fr/2017/06/23/officiel-karim-coulibaly-quitte-nancy-pays-bas/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321134925/https://maligue2.fr/2017/06/23/officiel-karim-coulibaly-quitte-nancy-pays-bas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Coulibaly ya koma Faransa a cikin watan Janairun 2020, inda ya sanya hannu tare da Sporting Club Toulon, amma kawai ya gudanar da bayyanar sau ɗaya saboda ƙarshen kakar wasa. An sake shi daga baya kuma, a cikin watan Agustan 2020 ya rattaɓa hannu kan ƙungiyar Championnat National ta US Orléans.<ref>https://www.actufoot.com/</ref> A cikin watan Nuwambar 2021, ya shiga SAS Épinal.<ref>https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/sport/2021/11/15/epinal-enrole-l-attaquant-karim-coulibaly</ref> Coulibaly kuma ya buga wa Faransa ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fff.fr/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2011-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316050621/http://www.fff.fr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ƴan uwansa Mohamed, [[Ibrahim Coulibaly (footballer)|Ibrahim]] da [[Aly Coulibaly|Aly]] suma ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne.<ref>https://www.estrepublicain.fr/sport/2013/05/08/cool-comme-couli</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Karim Coulibaly at WorldFootball.net * {{Soccerway}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] 2dwn74bt18wx270u0tg3vne8t97zxjq 0 48178 891822 427069 2026-08-06T00:58:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dam ɗin Jericho''' haɗe ne na kankare nauyi da nau'in madatsar ruwa da ke kan [[Mpama River|kogin Mpama]], kusa da Amsterdam, Mpumalanga, [[Afirka ta Kudu|kasar Afirka ta Kudu]] . An kafa shi a cikin shekarun 1966/ shekarar 1968 kuma babban manufarsa shine yin aiki don amfanin birni da masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mpumalanga Provincial State of Dams |url=https://www.dws.gov.za/Hydrology/Weekly/ProvinceWeek.aspx?region=M |website=Water & Sanitation |publisher=Department: Water & Sanitation, RSA |access-date=4 January 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin sunayen koguna na kasar Afirka ta Kudu == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> * Sashen Kula da Ruwa 5dhj1gjg4q50p8ioftgtnynzw4a3em5 0 48865 892008 685669 2026-08-06T10:27:07Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Yellow fever vaccination 05.jpg|thumb]] Ana kuma iya samun abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da '''[[Rigakafi|rigakafin]] gurɓacewa''' a, misali: * [[Gurbacewar ruwa|Gurɓacewar]] ruwa * [[Gurbacewar Iska|Gurbacewar iska]] * [[Gurbacewar Robobi|Lalacewar robobi]]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/topics/cz74kjgr3nnt</ref> == Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da matakai == * Tattalin arziƙin madaumi * Kura (particulate) sarrafawa * Sake kerawa * Rage tushe * Marufi mai dorewa * Masu guba suna amfani da raguwa * [[Rage shara|Rage sharar gida]] == Ta yankin wuri == * Rigakafin gurɓatar yanayi a Amurka * [[Dokar rigakafin guba ta 1990|Dokar Rigakafin Guba ta 1990]] 9dxlhcwaahz06saxd94rp1hyy8qlfux 0 51440 892046 475083 2026-08-06T11:17:33Z Baffa ali 47435 892046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{stub}} [[Fayil:Elaine Barrie, 1936.jpg|thumb|Barbara Barrie]] [[Fayil:Barbara Ann Scott - 1947 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Barbara Barrie]] [[Fayil:Barbara Barrie "Breaking Away" (1980 ABC press photo).jpg|thumb|Barbara Barrie]] '''Barbara Ann Berman''' yar wasan kwai kwayo ce a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ce da aka haifa a ashirin da uku ga Mayu , shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da daya a [[Chicago]]. == Tarihin Rayuwa == == Fina-finai == * 1956 : ''Géant'' (''Giant'') : ''Mary Lou Decker'' * 1951 : ''[[Love of Life]]'' (série télévisée) : ''Ginny Crandall (1960)'' * 1962 : ''La Quatrième Dimension'' (''The Twilight Zone'') (série télévisée), Saison 4, épisode ''Miniature'' : Myra * 1963 : The Small Parade ( The virginian) ( Série télévisée), Saison 1, épisode 21 : Ellen Beecher. * 1963 : ''La Cage aux femmes'' (''The Caretakers'') : ''Edna'' * 1964 : ''One Potato, Two Potato'' : ''Julie Cullen Richards'' * 1967 : Les envahisseurs (The invaders) (série télévisée), épisode 22 : L'ennemi (The enemy) * 1972 : ''[[To Be Young, Gifted, and Black]]'' (TV) * 1973 : ''Diana'' (série télévisée) : ''Norma Brodnik'' * 1973 : ''[[Koska and His Family]]'' (TV) * 1975 : ''[[For the Use of the Hall]]'' (TV) : ''Charlotte'' * 1977 : ''[[Harold Robbins' 79 Park Avenue]]'' (feuilleton TV) : ''Kaati Fludjicki'' * 1977 : ''[[Tell Me My Name]]'' (TV) : ''Emily McPhail'' * 1978 : ''[[Child of Glass]]'' (TV) : ''Emily Armsworth'' * 1978 : ''[[Summer of My German Soldier]]'' (TV) : ''Mrs. Bergen'' * 1979 : ''The Bell Jar'' : ''Jay Cee'' * 1979 : ''Backstairs at the White House'' (feuilleton TV) : ''Mamie Eisenhower'' * 1979 : ''[[Racines 2]]'' (''"Roots: The Next Generations"'') (feuilleton TV) : ''Dodie Brattle'' * 1979 : ''La Bande des quatre'' (''Breaking Away'') : ''Evelyn Stoller'' * 1980 : ''[[To Race the Wind]]'' (TV) : ''Mrs. Krents'' * 1980 : ''La Bidasse'' (''Private Benjamin'') de Howard Zieff : ''Harriet Benjamin'' * 1980 : ''[[Breaking Away (série télévisée)|Breaking Away]]'' (série télévisée) : ''Evelyn Stohler'' * 1981 : ''[[The Children Nobody Wanted]]'' (TV) : ''Hanna'' * 1982 : ''[[Barefoot in the Park (téléfilm)|Barefoot in the Park]]'' (TV) : ''Mrs. Banks'' * 1982 : ''[[Working]]'' (TV) : ''Schoolteacher'' * 1982 : ''[[Une affaire d'enfer]]'' (''Not Just Another Affair'') (TV) : ''Martha Dawson'' * 1982 : ''Tucker's Witch'' (série télévisée) : ''Ellen Hobbes'' * 1982 : ''Two of a Kind'' (TV) : ''Dottie Minor'' * 1983 : ''[[Reggie (série télévisée)|Reggie]]'' (série télévisée) : ''Elizabeth Potter'' * 1984 : ''[[Double Trouble (série télévisée)|Double Trouble]]'' (série télévisée) : ''Aunt Margot'' * 1985 : ''[[The Execution]]'' (TV) : ''Sophie Langbein'' * 1986 : ''Vital Signs'' (TV) : ''Frances'' * 1987 : ''À nous deux, Manhattan'' (''"I'll Take Manhattan"'') (feuilleton TV) * 1987 : ''Real Men'' de Dennis Feldman : ''Mom Pirandello'' * 1988 : ''End of the Line'' : ''Jean Haney'' * 1988 : ''[[After the Rain]]'' * 1988 : ''[[Winnie (téléfilm)|Winnie]]'' (TV) : ''Mrs. Drake'' * 1988 : ''[[My First Love]]'' (TV) : ''Ruth Waxman'' * 1989 : ''[[What's Alan Watching?]]'' (TV) : ''Libby Hoffstetter'' * 1990 : ''[[Kojak: Flowers for Matty]]'' (TV) * 1990 : ''[[Guess Who's Coming for Christmas?]]'' (TV) : ''Delores'' * 1992 : ''New York, police judiciaire'' (''Law and Order'') : ''Mrs. Bream'' <small>(saison 2, épisode 16)</small> * 1993 : ''[[The Odd Couple: Together Again]]'' (TV) : ''Gloria Unger'' * 1994 : ''[[My Breast]]'' (TV) : ''Milly'' * 1994 : ''[[My Summer As a Girl]]'' (TV) : ''Shirley'' * 1994 : ''Scarlett'' (feuilleton TV) : ''Pauline Robillard'' * 1996 - 2000 : ''[[Suddenly Susan]]'' (série télévisée) : ''La grand-mère de Susan'' * 1997 : ''Hercule'' (''Hercules'') : ''Alcmene; Hercules' Foster Mother'' (voix) * 1998 : ''[[Les Flocons de l'amour]]'' (''A Chance of Snow'') (TV) : ''Ruth Pulmer'' * 1999 : ''[[Hercules: Zero to Hero]]'' (vidéo) : ''Alcmene'' (voix) * 1999 : ''Babylon, USA'' (''Judy Berlin'') : ''Sue Berlin'' * 1999 : ''[[30 Days]]'' : ''Barbara Trainer'' * 2000 : ''[[$pent]]'' : ''Mrs. Walsh'' * 2003 : ''New York, unité spéciale'' (''Law and Order: Special Victims Unit'') : ''Paula Haggerty'' <small>(saison 4, épisode 24)</small> * 2004 : ''[[Second Best]]'' : ''Dorothea'' * 2005 : ''[[Fathers and Sons]]'' (TV) : ''Ruth'' ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} a0n50sxvv630ymeyij7s623nmv5anp6 0 52583 891785 813917 2026-08-05T22:05:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Jana Fernnandez vs cff madrid (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton jana fernandaz]] [[Fayil:Barcelona femení Medalla d'Honor del Parlament de Catalunya 03 (J. Fernández).jpg|thumb|Jana Fernández]] '''Jana Fernández Velasco ''' (An haifeta ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairu, shekarar 2002) ƙwararriyar ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wadda ke taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasa mai tsaron baya a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta FC Barcelona kuma jagora a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Spain ta U20.<ref>https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/1736079/jana</ref> ==Aikin Kungiya== An haifi Fernández a Martorell a garin Baix Llobregat a lardin Barcelona. Ta fara koyon kwallon kafa a La Masia ta FC Barcelona a shekarar 2014 tana 'yar shekaru 12.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/2803-jana-jana-fernandez |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215234145/https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/2803-jana-jana-fernandez |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fernández ta fara taka leda a Barcelona a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.besoccer.com/player/jana-fernandez-469944 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707161647/https://www.besoccer.com/player/jana-fernandez-469944 |url-status=dead }}</ref> tana shekara 16 da watanni 9, yayin da take wasa da sashin Juvenil-Cadet na ƙungiyar. Ita ce 'yar wasa ta biyu mafi ƙarama a ƙungiyar bayan ƙwararrun FC Barcelona ta mata a cikin shekarar 2015.<ref>https://www.365scores.com/football/player/jana-fernandez-66199</ref> A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2020, Fernández ta rattaba hannu kan kwantiraginta na farko na cikakken ƙungiyar na shekaru uku. ==Aikin Kasa== Fernández ta taka leda tare da dukkan kungiyoyin matasa na kasar Sipaniya, gami da U17, U19, da U20s.<ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/jana-fernandez_prs517688/person.shtml</ref> Ta kasance cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta kasar Sipaniya wacce ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta U-17 na shekarar 2018. Ta lashe gasar zakarun U-17, Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta U17 ta shekarar 2018 kai tsaye. Fernandez ta buga kowane wasa a kungiyar Spain da ta lashe gasar, gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko da matan Spain suka lashe a kowane fanni na shekaru. ==Kididdigar Aiki== ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Jana Fernàndez.webm File:Jana Fernàndez. Lectura.webm File:Barcelona femení 2023 Champions League Plaça Sant Jaume 04.jpg|Jana tareda duk 'yan qungiyar ta </gallery> ==Nasarori== •UEFA Women's Champions League : 2020–21 , 2022– 23 [12] •Primera División : 2020–21 , 2021–22 , 2022–23 •Copa de la Reina : 2020–21 •Supercopa de España Femenina: 2021–22 , 2022–23 •Spain U17 •U-17 European Championship: 2018 •U-17 World Cup: 2018 ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 61x619r46hjapsnarjbuh7f7d1wvu0y 0 53518 891810 511266 2026-08-05T23:16:18Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[Fayil:HabibaNosheen01-19-2022@taranoellephoto-9480copy.jpg|thumb|habiba nosheen]] [[Fayil:Brian Reed, Ana Arana, Ira Glass, Sebastian Rotella, Habiba Nosheen, and Julie Snyder, May 2013.jpg|thumb|habiba tare da abokan kasuwanci a taro]] '''Habiba Nosheen''' (Urdu: حبیبہ نوشین) yar jarida ce mai bincike. Fim ɗinta da aka haramta a Pakistan an fara shi a bikin Fim na Sundance a cikin 2013 kuma jaridar Los Angeles Times ta kira ta "a cikin fitattun fina-finai" na Sundance. Fim ɗin ya fi tsayi a kan PBS Frontline. Shirin shirin rediyo na Nosheen na 2012, "Me ya faru a Dos Erres?" wanda aka watsa akan Wannan Rayuwar Ba'amurke kuma The New Yorker ta kira shi "babban labarun labari". Nosheen ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa don rahotonta ciki har da Peabody, lambobin yabo na Emmy guda uku. A cikin 2017-2019, Nosheen shi ne mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen mujallar labarai ta CBC Television The Fifth Estate.[2] Ita ce mace ta farko mai launi da aka nada ta mai haɗin gwiwar The Fifth Estate a cikin shekaru talatin. A cikin 2022, Nosheen ya fitar da jerin faifan bidiyo na 8 na bincike tare da Spotify da Gimlet Media mai suna Conviction: Bacewar Nuseiba Hasan.[3] Podcast ɗin bincike ne na tsawon shekaru uku na bacewar wata macen Kanada da ta ɓace a cikin 2006 ba tare da wata alama ba.[4]{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] Habiba Nosheen Habiba Nosheen (Urdu: حبیبہ نوشین) fitacciyar 'yar jarida ce mai bincike, mai shirya shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin, kuma mai shirya fina-finan bincike. Ta shahara a duniya saboda rahotannin bincike da suka mayar da hankali kan haƙƙin ɗan Adam, cin zarafin mata da yara, laifukan yaƙi, cin hanci da rashawa, da sauran manyan batutuwan zamantakewa. Aikinta ya samu karɓuwa a duniya saboda zurfin bincike, gaskiya da kuma salon ba da labari mai tasiri. Rayuwar farko da ilimi An haifi Habiba Nosheen a birnin Lahore na ƙasar Pakistan. Tun tana ƙarama iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Toronto a ƙasar Kanada, inda ta taso. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, ta yi karatun digiri a Jami'ar Toronto. Daga baya ta sami digirin Master a fannin Nazarin Mata daga Jami'ar York, sannan ta sami wani digirin Master na Aikin Jarida daga Jami'ar Columbia a Amurka. Habiba tana magana da harsuna da dama, ciki har da Turanci, Urdu, Hindi da Punjabi, abin da ya taimaka mata wajen gudanar da bincike a ƙasashe daban-daban. Aikin jarida Habiba ta fara aikinta a matsayin mai binciken labarai kafin ta zama cikakkiyar 'yar jarida. Ta yi aiki tare da manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya kamar: The New York Times The Washington Post TIME BBC CBC PBS Frontline NPR This American Life Rahotanninta sun fi mayar da hankali kan gano gaskiya game da abubuwan da suka shafi take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, rikice-rikice, cin zarafi da rashin adalci. Fim ɗin Outlawed in Pakistan A shekarar 2013, Habiba Nosheen ta shirya fim ɗin bincike mai suna Outlawed in Pakistan, wanda ya nuna irin wahalhalun da wasu mata ke fuskanta sakamakon dokokin gargajiya da al'adun da ke tauye haƙƙinsu a Pakistan. An fara nuna fim ɗin a Bikin Fina-finai na Sundance, ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan fina-finai a duniya. Jaridar Los Angeles Times ta bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fina-finan bikin. Daga baya aka nuna cikakken fim ɗin a shirin PBS Frontline, wanda ya ƙara ba shi karɓuwa a duniya. Shirin rediyo A shekarar 2012, Habiba ta haɗa shirin rediyo mai suna What Happened at Dos Erres?, wanda aka watsa a shirin This American Life. Shirin ya binciki kisan gillar da aka yi a ƙauyen Dos Erres na Guatemala da kuma yadda aka nemi gaskiya shekaru da dama bayan faruwar lamarin. Mujallar The New Yorker ta yaba da wannan aiki, tana mai bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shirye-shiryen rediyo na bincike. Aikinta a CBC Daga shekarar 2017 zuwa 2019, Habiba ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu gabatar da shirin bincike na The Fifth Estate na gidan talabijin na CBC a Kanada. Ta zama mace ta farko daga tsirarun al'umma da ta samu wannan matsayi cikin dogon tarihin shirin. Podcast A shekarar 2022, ta ƙirƙiri jerin podcast mai suna Conviction: The Disappearance of Nuseiba Hasan, wanda ya binciki ɓacewar wata matashiya 'yar Kanada. Wannan bincike ya ɗauki shekaru uku ana gudanar da shi kafin a wallafa sakamakonsa. Lambobin yabo Saboda ƙwarewa da jajircewarta, Habiba Nosheen ta samu lambobin yabo masu yawa, ciki har da: Peabody Award Emmy Awards guda uku Gracie Award RTDNA Award Sauran lambobin yabo na aikin jarida na ƙasa da ƙasa. Koyarwa Baya ga aikin jarida, Habiba tana koyar da aikin jarida a Jami'ar Columbia, inda take horas da sabbin 'yan jarida kan dabarun bincike, tabbatar da gaskiya da kuma yadda ake ba da rahoto cikin ƙwarewa. Tasirinta Habiba Nosheen tana daga cikin fitattun 'yan jaridar bincike na wannan zamani. Ayyukanta sun taimaka wajen bayyana gaskiya kan batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan Adam, kare mata da yara, da kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin adalci a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Saboda ƙwazonta, ta zama abin koyi ga matasa masu sha'awar aikin jarida, musamman mata masu son shiga aikin binciken labarai. kimvsvt1kxrwpc2eqetr4xzocewf6pp 0 54067 891691 877504 2026-08-05T13:21:59Z Hamza DK 12444 891691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jeta Amata''' Listenⓘ 'dar fim ne na Najeriya, an haife shi ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 1974, ga sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Zack Amata . Ya fito ne daga dangin tsoffin masu shirya fina-finai ciki har da Ifoghale Amata, Zack Amata da [[Fred Amata]] . Yayinda yake girma a masana'antar fina-finai, biyo bayan sha'awar iyalinsa ga fim, Jeta ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko ''Glamour Boyz'' yana da shekaru 21, ba tare da ya zama abin mamaki ba lokacin da ya fara tashi a duniyar fim da nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Conference on World Affairs {{!}} University of Colorado Boulder |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=www.colorado.edu |language=en}}</ref>l == Ilimi == Amata ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a [[Jami'ar jihar Benuwai|Jami'ar Jihar Benue]] da ke [[Makurdi]], [[Najeriya]] . == Ayyuka == Ayyukansa sun fara zuwa duniya lokacin da ya samar da fim din shirin ga [[BBC|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya]] (BBC) a cikin 2003, ta amfani da fim dinsa Game of Life a matsayin fim don shirin. Ya rike gabatarwa 53 da nasarori 10 don kyaututtuka na fim a Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai masu cin nasara da suka fito daga Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeta Amata &#124; ★Stars★™★ ₳₽₽★ |url=https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111503/https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> Michel Joseph Martelly, Shugaban kasar [[Haiti]], ya sanya Jeta Amata Jakadan Goodwill a Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Conference on World Affairs – University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> Amata ya yi aiki tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Kim Basinger, wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwaleji Mickey Rourke, da kuma manyan tauraron kiɗa [[Akon]] da Wyclef Jean a fim din 2012 Black November . == Taƙaitaccen ayyukan == === 2004–11 === An fara gajeren fim din Amata The Alexa Affair a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na shekara ta 2004. Fim din Amata The Amazing Grace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Director, Writer, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1922660/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai mafi kyau a Yammacin Afirka a 2006 Screen Nations Awards UK, yana da girmamawa na kasancewa fim din Najeriya na farko da za a nuna a bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a san Jeta don fina-finai kamar ''Inale'' da Mary Slessor . === 2012-ya zuwa yanzu === Black November ya fara ne a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a lokacin Babban Taron a shekarar 2012 kuma an nuna shi a Cibiyar Kennedy da kuma Library of Congress a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Fim din ya yi wahayi zuwa ga daukar nauyin ƙuduri na jam'iyyun biyu a kan Neja Delta na Najeriya membobin 112th United States Congress, H.CON. RES.121. Amata yana da nuna shirye-shiryensa ''A cikin Delta'', game da halin da ake ciki na Neja Delta, wanda aka nuna a jami'o'i tara a Amurka ciki har da NYU, Jami'ar George Washington, UCLA da [[Cornell]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1996 |''[[Glamour Boys (film)|Yara masu ban sha'awa]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |1997 |''Babu Abinci ga Alloli'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2001 |''Mutanda'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |a |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Black Mamba'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Hawaye na mace'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Ƙaunar da ba ta da iyaka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Love Entangle (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Kate Henshaw, Segun Arinze |- |Hadari Mai Hadari (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''Sarauniya'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Nkiru Sylvanus, Stella Damasus |- |''Sarauniya 2'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Al'amarin Alexa (gajere) |Darakta, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Ruwan Canji'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Stella Damasus |- |''Rikicin Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Dakore Akande, Rita Dominic, Ini Edo, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2006 |''[[The Amazing Grace|Alheri Mai Kyau]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Joke Silva |- |2007 |''Wasan Rayuwa'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2008 |Mary Slessor (jerin talabijin) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2009 |''Sarauniya Amina'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2010 |''[[Inale]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Caroline Chikezie, Ini Edo |- |2012 |''[[Black November|Black Nuwamba]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2013 |''Sarkin Amurka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2016 |''Hanyar Feto'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Viva Bianca, Akon, Margaret Avery, Zack Amata |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Verona International African Film Festival, Mafi Kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Verona International African Film Festival, Kyautar Masu sauraro, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Monaco, Fim mafi Nishaɗi, ''Inale'', 2011 * Bikin Nollywood na Copenhagen, Fim mafi kyau, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Baƙar fata na Amurka (ABFF), Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Mafi kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2011 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Fim mafi kyau na Najeriya (wanda aka zaba), ''Inale'', 2011 * NFVSB Awards Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2010 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Kyautar Masu sauraro, Mary Slessor, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Mafi Kyawun Short, Mary Slessor, 2009 * SIMA AWARDS, Darakta Mafi Kyawu, The Amazing Grace, 2008 * Kyautar Kasashen Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim na Yammacin Afirka, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi Kyawun Fim (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 2001 a wani taro a Calabar ya sadu da [[Mbong Amata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbong Amata |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297741/ |access-date=2017-12-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da take da shekaru 18, sun fara soyayya. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma an haifi 'yarsu Veno daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 2013 sun rabu kuma a shekara ta 2014 sun sake aure. Amata a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Vanessa Teemsma, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin samarwa a fina-finai, gami da Black November . Amata da Teemsma sun yi maraba da ɗa a cikin 2019, mai suna Kessiena Donald Amata, sunan tsakiya ya kasance bayan mahaifin Teemsma. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Category:Fim din da Jeta Amata ta shirya == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amata, Jeta}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.theguardian.com TheGuardian.com]/film/2012/feb/01/jeta-amata-nollywood-s-gift-to-hollywood" id="mwAWY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Jeta Amata: Kyautar Nollywood ga Hollywood daga TheGuardian.com * [http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/international/2013/03/22/african-voices-jeta-amata-filmmaker-a.cnn.html Muryoyin Afirka: Jeta Amata-Mai yin fim] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o5un9tdnq0vv1uopt7b10aolu1vmpav 891692 891691 2026-08-05T13:24:34Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Hotunan fina-finai */ 891692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jeta Amata''' Listenⓘ 'dar fim ne na Najeriya, an haife shi ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 1974, ga sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya Zack Amata . Ya fito ne daga dangin tsoffin masu shirya fina-finai ciki har da Ifoghale Amata, Zack Amata da [[Fred Amata]] . Yayinda yake girma a masana'antar fina-finai, biyo bayan sha'awar iyalinsa ga fim, Jeta ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin fim dinsa na farko ''Glamour Boyz'' yana da shekaru 21, ba tare da ya zama abin mamaki ba lokacin da ya fara tashi a duniyar fim da nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Conference on World Affairs {{!}} University of Colorado Boulder |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=www.colorado.edu |language=en}}</ref>l == Ilimi == Amata ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a [[Jami'ar jihar Benuwai|Jami'ar Jihar Benue]] da ke [[Makurdi]], [[Najeriya]] . == Ayyuka == Ayyukansa sun fara zuwa duniya lokacin da ya samar da fim din shirin ga [[BBC|Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Burtaniya]] (BBC) a cikin 2003, ta amfani da fim dinsa Game of Life a matsayin fim don shirin. Ya rike gabatarwa 53 da nasarori 10 don kyaututtuka na fim a Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai masu cin nasara da suka fito daga Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2018 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeta Amata &#124; ★Stars★™★ ₳₽₽★ |url=https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622111503/https://www.stars.ng/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-jeta-amata/ |archive-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> Michel Joseph Martelly, Shugaban kasar [[Haiti]], ya sanya Jeta Amata Jakadan Goodwill a Haiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cwa/jeta-amata |access-date=21 November 2025 |website=Conference on World Affairs – University of Colorado Boulder}}</ref> Amata ya yi aiki tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Kwalejin Kim Basinger, wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwaleji Mickey Rourke, da kuma manyan tauraron kiɗa [[Akon]] da Wyclef Jean a fim din 2012 Black November . == Taƙaitaccen ayyukan == === 2004–11 === An fara gajeren fim din Amata The Alexa Affair a bikin fina-finai na Berlin na shekara ta 2004. Fim din Amata The Amazing Grace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeta Amata {{!}} Director, Writer, Producer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1922660/ |access-date=2025-10-26 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda ya lashe kyautar fina-finai mafi kyau a Yammacin Afirka a 2006 Screen Nations Awards UK, yana da girmamawa na kasancewa fim din Najeriya na farko da za a nuna a bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes. Ba da daɗewa ba, za a san Jeta don fina-finai kamar ''Inale'' da Mary Slessor . === 2012-ya zuwa yanzu === Black November ya fara ne a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a lokacin Babban Taron a shekarar 2012 kuma an nuna shi a Cibiyar Kennedy da kuma Library of Congress a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Fim din ya yi wahayi zuwa ga daukar nauyin ƙuduri na jam'iyyun biyu a kan Neja Delta na Najeriya membobin 112th United States Congress, H.CON. RES.121. Amata yana da nuna shirye-shiryensa ''A cikin Delta'', game da halin da ake ciki na Neja Delta, wanda aka nuna a jami'o'i tara a Amurka ciki har da NYU, Jami'ar George Washington, UCLA da [[Cornell]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1996 |''[[Glamour Boys (film)|Glamour Boys ]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |1997 |''Babu Abinci ga Alloli'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2001 |''Mutanda'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |a |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |''Black Mamba'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Hawaye na mace'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2003 |''Ƙaunar da ba ta da iyaka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Love Entangle (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Kate Henshaw, Segun Arinze |- |Hadari Mai Hadari (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- | rowspan="3" |2004 |''Sarauniya'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Nkiru Sylvanus, Stella Damasus |- |''Sarauniya 2'' (bidiyo) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |Al'amarin Alexa (gajere) |Darakta, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Ruwan Canji'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Stella Damasus |- |''Rikicin Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Dakore Akande, Rita Dominic, Ini Edo, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2006 |''[[The Amazing Grace|Alheri Mai Kyau]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Joke Silva |- |2007 |''Wasan Rayuwa'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2008 |Mary Slessor (jerin talabijin) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2009 |''Sarauniya Amina'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2010 |''[[Inale]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Caroline Chikezie, Ini Edo |- |2012 |''[[Black November|Black Nuwamba]]'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Mbong Amata, Enyinna Nwigwe |- |2013 |''Sarkin Amurka'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa | |- |2016 |''Hanyar Feto'' |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |mai gabatarwa: Viva Bianca, Akon, Margaret Avery, Zack Amata |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Verona International African Film Festival, Mafi Kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Verona International African Film Festival, Kyautar Masu sauraro, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Duniya na Monaco, Fim mafi Nishaɗi, ''Inale'', 2011 * Bikin Nollywood na Copenhagen, Fim mafi kyau, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Baƙar fata na Amurka (ABFF), Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Bikin Fim na Black na Amurka (ABFF), Mafi kyawun Fim, ''Black Nuwamba'', 2011 * Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2011 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Fim mafi kyau na Najeriya (wanda aka zaba), ''Inale'', 2011 * NFVSB Awards Najeriya, Fim mafi kyau, ''Inale'', 2010 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Kyautar Masu sauraro, Mary Slessor, 2009 * Bikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Abuja, Mafi Kyawun Short, Mary Slessor, 2009 * SIMA AWARDS, Darakta Mafi Kyawu, The Amazing Grace, 2008 * Kyautar Kasashen Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim na Yammacin Afirka, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Najeriya NMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2007 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Darakta Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi kyawun Cinematography, The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Hoton Mafi Kyawu (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 * Kyautar Fim ta Kwalejin Afirka AAMA, Mafi Kyawun Fim (wanda aka zaba), The Amazing Grace, 2006 == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 2001 a wani taro a Calabar ya sadu da [[Mbong Amata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mbong Amata |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2297741/ |access-date=2017-12-20 |website=IMDb}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan haka, lokacin da take da shekaru 18, sun fara soyayya. Sun yi aure a shekara ta 2008 kuma an haifi 'yarsu Veno daga baya a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 2013 sun rabu kuma a shekara ta 2014 sun sake aure. Amata a halin yanzu yana cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Vanessa Teemsma, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin samarwa a fina-finai, gami da Black November . Amata da Teemsma sun yi maraba da ɗa a cikin 2019, mai suna Kessiena Donald Amata, sunan tsakiya ya kasance bayan mahaifin Teemsma. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Category:Fim din da Jeta Amata ta shirya == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amata, Jeta}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.theguardian.com TheGuardian.com]/film/2012/feb/01/jeta-amata-nollywood-s-gift-to-hollywood" id="mwAWY" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Jeta Amata: Kyautar Nollywood ga Hollywood daga TheGuardian.com * [http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/international/2013/03/22/african-voices-jeta-amata-filmmaker-a.cnn.html Muryoyin Afirka: Jeta Amata-Mai yin fim] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5ru9agvurv7ifxx0j8318cum4gh2fxx 0 54098 892050 891349 2026-08-06T11:18:37Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta pi5wh3m4gqyq987k3r15hlwjrfx80f2 892051 892050 2026-08-06T11:18:51Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta nke415hirrpyrc9f42mrxf1ihgmeffq 892052 892051 2026-08-06T11:19:03Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya kuma yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta nylt4ytvmmz4f0lzo47f9qhmzzywbmw 892053 892052 2026-08-06T11:19:17Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya kuma yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya kuma fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 89bpd8p2cv584sgk4d48h4i6z6rpeyg 892055 892053 2026-08-06T11:19:39Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya kuma yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya kuma fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta 9axqvbmefud3s0tg5gx050i7r6ikiqc 892056 892055 2026-08-06T11:19:53Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya kuma yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya kuma fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2023 mai zuwa. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta h60sx0nvbhzsc4v9i5dorsjo0zg6buv 892057 892056 2026-08-06T11:20:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles''' / / ɑːˈwu .​ giyan rum / ⓘ An haife shi a ranar 23 ga Disamban shekarar 1964. Shahararren jarumi ne na Nollywood, Furodusa, Darakta kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya na Jihar Imo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Awurum ya girma a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] kuma yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo tun yana ƙarami. Ya kuma rubuta wa furodusoshin ''[[The Village Headmaster|Village Headmaster]]'' (wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya da aka dakatar) cewa yana da burin zama wani ɓangare na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na sabulun waka. Daga ƙarshe ya sami gayyata daga furodusoshi, amma bai iya fitowa a shirin ba saboda ƙaramar shekarunsa da kuma ƙarancin goyon baya daga mutane da kuma al'ummar yankinsa. Ya dage kan yin wasan kwaikwayo a coci da kuma makarantar da ya halarta. == Ilimi == Charles ya kuma yi karatunsa na Firamare da Sakandare a Jihar Legas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya bar Jihar Legas ya tafi ya ci gaba da karatunsa na Jami'a a Jami'ar Calabar inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == Awurum ya kuma fara wasan kwaikwayo a cocinsa da kuma makarantarsa ta yadda kafin ya kammala karatunsa daga kwaleji, ya riga ya zama jarumi mai kyau da iyawa. Ya shigo [[Nollywood]] yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka kawai, daga baya a wani lokaci a rayuwarsa ya yanke shawarar yin wasannin barkwanci kawai, wanda a matakin farko da kuma fahimtar wannan ra'ayin, aka hana shi saboda "mummunan kamanninsa". == Yarjejeniyar amincewa == A shekarar 2014, Awurum ya zama jakadan kamfanin sadarwa na duniya baki daya [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] mallakar dan kasuwan Najeriya [[Mike Adenuga]] . == Mai ɗaukar nauyin baje kolin kyaututtuka == Charles Awurum ne ya dauki nauyin bikin 'Kyautar Kyau' na shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a shekarar 2016, wanda aka shirya a karkashin jagorancin Magic Lens Africa Film Academy Awards (MAFAA). == Rayuwa ta sirri == Awurum ya yi aure tun daga shekarar 2005 kuma yana da 'ya'ya 3. Yana da ra'ayin cewa Allah zai hukunta duk waɗanda suka kasa kaɗa ƙuri'a a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2023 mai zuwa. Ya kuma girma a cikin iyali mai 'ya'ya 10 duk da cewa 3 sun mutu. Mahaifinsa yana aiki a Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Najeriya (NPA) kafin ya rasu. Charles tsohon soja ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Fim ɗin da aka zaɓa == * ''Ƙasa Mai Suna Ghana (2024)'' * ''Rana Mai Fitowa (2023)'' * ''[[Lockdown (2021Nigerian film)|Kullewa]] (2021) a matsayin Papa Sunny'' * ''Kundin (2020) a matsayin Ihejirika'' * ''Amintaccen Maƙiyi I & II (2016) a matsayin Johnbull'' * ''Gold Dust Ikenga (2015)'' a matsayin Raymond * ''Jack & Jill I & II (2011) a matsayin Kelvin'' * ''Masu Garkuwa da Mutane Mafi Neman Kudi I & II (2010)'' ''a matsayin Mgada'' * ''Annabawan Yahooze I & II (2009)'' * ''Marcus 'D' Millionaire I & II (2008)'' * ''Wasan Away na I & II (2007) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Wawaye a Gudu (2007)'' * ''Wasan Game Fools Play I & II (2007) a matsayin Theo'' * ''JohnBull da Rosekate (2007) a matsayin Anthony'' * ''Lost in the Jungle I & II (2007) a matsayin Sumo'' * ''Toronto Connection I & II (2007)'' * ''Four Forty I & II (2006) a matsayin Odoh'' * ''Shirun Alloli I & II (2006)'' * ''Mai Kula da Shago I & II (2006)'' * ''Barista I & II (2006) a matsayin'' Jonah * ''Ɗan Jarida na I & II (2006)'' * ''Abokai & Masoya I & II (2005)'' * ''Ina Bukatar Mutum Na Biyu (2005)'' * ''Babu Abin Da Ba Shi Da Komai I, II & III (2005) a matsayin Acho'' * ''Babu Hanya Mafita I & II (2005)'' * ''Mahaukacin Miliyan (2004) a matsayin Nsi Udene'' * ''Soyayya da Aure (2004)'' * ''Duniya Apart I & II (2004) a matsayin Godwin'' * ''A ƙarƙashin Wuta (2003)'' * ''Sweet Ayaba I & II (2003) a matsayin Okezie'' * ''Layin Yaƙi na I & II (2002)'' * ''Ifeonye Metalu (2002) a matsayin Firist'' * ''Hikima da Arziki I & II (2002)'' * ''Hatred II (2001) a matsayin Likitan Asalin'' * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Egungun Uku'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Charles Awurum Biography and Net Worth 2024 |url=https://buzznigeria.com/charles-awurum-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta mlnjsmhnorakn6yiyzszafmpa6ff298 0 55201 891793 826205 2026-08-05T22:26:07Z Baffa ali 47435 891793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wiesbaden''' birni ne, da ke a jihar Hesse a yammacin [[Jamus]]. Kurhaus na neoclassical yanzu yana gina cibiyar tarurruka da gidan caca. Kurpark wani lambu ne mai shimfidar wuri irin na Ingilishi da aka yi shi a shekara ta 1852. Majami'ar Kasuwar Neo-Gothic da ke Schlossplatz tana gefen fadar birnin neoclassical, wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jiha<ref>Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main GmbH & Co. KG. "Shutdown: US-Armee korrigiert Zahl betroffener Angestellter in Wiesbaden nach oben - Wiesbadener Kurier". Archived from the original on October 8, 2013.</ref>. Gidan kayan tarihi na Wiesbaden yana nuna zane-zane na Alexej von Jawlensky da tarihin halitta. Akwai yawan mutane Kamar haka 1400.1 mazaunan. {{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Wiesbaden_Kurhaus.jpg|Altes Kurhaus, 1905 abgerissen File:Wiesbaden_Army_Airfield.jpg|Filin Jirgin Sama na Sojojin Wiesbaden na Sojojin Amurka File:Wiesbaden_Pedestrian.jpg|Yankin masu tafiya a ƙasa (2005) File:Wiesbaden Montage.jpg|Wiesbaden_Montage File:Schlossplatz Wiesbaden 016.jpg|Schlossplatz_Wiesbaden_016 File:Adolfstraße Wiesbaden 003.jpg|Adolfstraße_Wiesbaden_003 File:Saalgasse Wiesbaden 015.jpg|Saalgasse_Wiesbaden_015 File:1815 – 1865, Wiesbaden, Luisenplatz – Obelisk to the 18 June 1815 Victory of Waterloo.jpg|1815_–_1865,_Wiesbaden,_Luisenplatz_–_Obelisk_to_the_18_June_1815_Victory_of_Waterloo File:Griechische Kapelle Wiesbaden-Westen.jpg|Griechische_Kapelle_Wiesbaden-Westen File:Dreifaltigkeitskirche Wiesbaden 023.jpg|Dreifaltigkeitskirche_Wiesbaden_023 File:1815 – 1865, Wiesbaden – Obelisk to the 18 June 1815 Victory of Waterloo.jpg|1815_–_1865,_Wiesbaden_–_Obelisk_to_the_18_June_1815_Victory_of_Waterloo File:Neubau RMCC Wiesbaden, ehm. Rhein-Main-Hallen Wiesbaden.tif|Neubau_RMCC_Wiesbaden,_ehm._Rhein-Main-Hallen_Wiesbaden File:Wiesbaden Luisenplatz 2005-07-18.JPG|Wiesbaden_Luisenplatz_2005-07-18 </gallery> == Shahararrun mutane daga Wiesbaden == * '''[[James Peace]]''' (an haifeshi ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, 1963) ==Manazarta== [[Category: Biranen Jamus]] jbricxbcysisilydt1tk8r1g561i1x2 0 55340 891878 294500 2026-08-06T05:38:32Z Baffa ali 47435 891878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bregenz''' babban birni ne na [[Vorarlberg]], jihar yammacin [[Austriya]]. Birnin yana kan gabas da kudu maso gabas na tafkin Constance, tafkin ruwa na uku mafi girma a tsakiyar Turai, tsakanin [[Switzerland]] a yamma da Jamus a arewa maso yamma. Bregenz yana kan tudu da ke faɗowa a cikin jerin filaye zuwa tafkin da ke ƙarƙashin dutsen Pfänder. Mahadar titin jijiya ce daga kwarin Rhine zuwa tsaunin tsaunukan tsaunuka na Jamus, tare da hidimomin jirgin ruwa a tafkin Constance.<ref>B. Bilgeri, Bregenz, Geschichte der Stadt, Bd. 1, Wien-München, 1980</ref> sannan yawan mutanen yakai 999.19 . {{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Bregenz-Citytunnel West portal-02ASD.jpg|Bregenz-Citytunnel File:Bregenz-Citytunnel West portal-Video control-04ASD.jpg|Bregenz-Citytunnel_West_portal-Video_control File:Bregenz-Rieden-Memorial Hofsteig Court-05ASD.jpg|Bregenz-Rieden-Memorial File:Bregenz-pfaenderbahn-viewoncity.jpg|Bregenz-pfaenderbahn-viewoncity File:Martinsturm Bregenz.jpg|Martinsturm_Bregenz File:Hauptpostamt Bregenz.JPG|Hauptpostamt_Bregenz File:OEBB 1116 192 Wien Westbf 220414 IC864.jpg|Wien West File:VortragA.jpg|Vortrag in Bregenz </gallery> ==Manazarta== khioswe0tg0vewlts63bwi4kolj5ek3 0 55820 891888 431222 2026-08-06T05:57:18Z Baffa ali 47435 891888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cornell''' Wani kauye ne a babbar jihar Illinois dake ƙasar Amurka . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 7soue2b05zghim9tco4fjg1bwvedv5o 891889 891888 2026-08-06T05:58:35Z Baffa ali 47435 891889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cornell''' Wani kauye ne a babbar jihar Illinois dake ƙasar Amurka . Sannan sana'ar ita ce cornell University . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 95ei4gd34n00ku345pzkofpfhxz1mgq 0 55914 891798 493244 2026-08-05T22:35:53Z Baffa ali 47435 891798 wikitext text/x-wiki Tana da sunan hukuma kamar haka Elburn.{{Databox}} {{Stub}} [[Fayil:Elburn Station.jpg|thumb|Elburn, Illinois]] [[Fayil:20060123 11 1st day of Metra service to Elburn (13319423033).jpg|thumb|Elburn, Illinois]] ''Elburn''' wani yanki ne daga cikin jihar Illinois dake qasar Amurka. <ref>Census.gov https://www.census.gov › PST045222 U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Elburn village, Illinois</ref><ref>Niche https://www.niche.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624132120/https://www.niche.com/ |date=2021-06-24 }} › ... › Illinois Elburn, IL</ref><ref>Tripadvisor https://www.tripadvisor.com › Tour... Elburn, IL 2023: Best Places to Visit</ref><ref>Daily Herald https://www.dailyherald.com › news Maple Park man dies in crash on Route 47 near Elburn</ref><ref>Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki Elburn, Illinois - Wikipedia</ref><ref>Elburn https://www.elburn.il.us Village of Elburn, Illinois: Home</ref><ref>Daily Herald Fatal two-vehicle crash closes Route 47 in Elburn 1 day ago</ref><ref>Shaw Local Elburn officials concerned about impact of potential development at I-88/Route 47 interchange 22 hours ago</ref><ref>630</ref><ref>  Wikipedia</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} g4ulu75qlskxjzl5n257ob0nbs4417z 0 56078 891916 890523 2026-08-06T07:19:08Z Baffa ali 47435 891916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ekpene Ukpa''' ƙauye ne a cikin [[Eket|ƙaramar hukumar Eket]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jvgvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Annual Volume of the Laws of Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last1=(Nigeria)|first1=Eastern Nigeria|last2=(Nigeria)|first2=Eastern Region|date=1952-01-01|publisher=Government Printer, South Africa|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v_kvAQAAIAAJ&q=Ikot+Ebiyan|title=Laws, Eastern Region of Nigeria: Containing the Ordinances of Eastern Region of Nigeria and Subsidiary Legislation Made Thereunder|last=(Nigeria)|first=Eastern Region|date=From 1959-01-01|publisher=Government Printer|language=en}}</ref> Mutanen Ekpene Ukpa kwatankwacin mutanen Ikot Ebiyan sun fi yin noma dawa, dabino da rogo. Suna magana [[Harshen Eket|Ekid]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} iwbq7loqehijg3vgwiayczedhz8dlg8 0 56184 891923 363731 2026-08-06T07:32:49Z Baffa ali 47435 891923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eyo Esio Uwak''' [[Mutanen Oron|Oron]] garine ne cikin karamar hukumar [[Oron (Nijeriya)|Oron]] [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]] sitet [[Najeriya]].suna da iri na sashen gudanar wa.{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} rc7x59d40bcx8e0i48tynt1xtw19vm6 0 56248 891915 431649 2026-08-06T07:13:37Z Baffa ali 47435 891915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emokweme gari''' ne, dake masarautar Weppa Wanno ta jihar Edo, [[Najeriya|a Najeriya]] mai yawan jama'a kusan 20,000. Har shen ta shi ne turanci . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== jr75bk7y696u0mhhux6dc4xaijsozka 0 56264 891971 365842 2026-08-06T10:06:21Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwio Kura''' Gari ne, da ke arewa maso gabashin [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]], [[Najeriya]] wanda kuma [[Masarautar Bade|ƙaramar hukumar Bade]] ke gudanarwa. Yana da tazarar kilomita hamsin kudu da kan iyaka da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|kasar Nijar]].{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} bt3rda30jnsar67xldeg9uk7xkzg6la 0 56327 891922 455650 2026-08-06T07:31:16Z Baffa ali 47435 891922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akiyi''' is an autonomous community in Umulokpa, [[Uzo-Uwani]] Local Government Area (LGA), [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]], [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. Tana da kauyuka bakwai (7) wato: Enugwu, Enugwu-Uwani, Imama, Nkwelle, Ukpali, Uwani da Uwenu. A kwai Uzo . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} hug5mtj452x69em47blmjakvn94rpiy 0 56422 891900 432956 2026-08-06T06:17:55Z Baffa ali 47435 891900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ituk Mbang''' ƙauye ne a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Uruan]] ta [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]] a [[Najeriya]]. Kananan hukumomi a Najeriya kamar su uruan. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 5facuig8s65zo87avrc20bablilzxig 0 56534 891667 676729 2026-08-05T12:47:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumar Raya Kogin Hadejia-Jama'are''' (HJRBDA) kungiya ce ta gwamnati a [[Najeriya]] mai alhakin gudanarwa da raya kasa da kuma amfani da [[Albarkatun dan'adam|albarkatun]] ruwa a cikin kogin [[Kogin Hadejia|Hadejia]] -Jama'are. An kafa hukumar ne domin kula da ayyuka da tsare-tsare daban-daban da nufin inganta ayyukan noma, samar da ruwan sha, da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki gaba daya a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hadejia Jama’are River Basin Development Authority – TRIMING |url=https://www.triming.org/rbdas/hadejia-jamare/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=www.triming.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hadejia Jama'are River Basin Development Authority |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/directory/listing/hadejia-jamaare-river-basin-development-authority/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Directory & MarketPlace |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maishanu |first=Abubakar |date=2021-08-02 |title=Yadda muke ƙoƙarin magance matsalar ambaliyar ruwa a Kano, Jigawa da Bauchi – Da’u-Aliyu - Premium Times Hausa |url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2021/08/yadda-muke-%c6%99o%c6%99arin-magance-matsalar-ambaliyar-ruwa-a-kano-jigawa-da-bauchi-dau-aliyu/,%20https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2021/08/yadda-muke-ƙoƙarin-magance-matsalar-ambaliyar-ruwa-a-kano-jigawa-da-bauchi-dau-aliyu/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:River_Hadejia_1.jpg|thumb| [[Kogin Hadejia]] kusa da garin [[Haɗejiya|Hadejia]]]] Makasudin farko na HJRBDA sun hada da samar da albarkatun ruwa don ban ruwa, shawo kan ambaliyar ruwa, da samar da ruwa, da kuma inganta aikin noma da ci gaban karkara. Hukumar tana aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban kamar gina madatsun ruwa, gina hanyoyin ban ruwa, da ba da taimakon fasaha ga al'ummomin yankin don inganta amfani da ruwa don ayyukan noma da sauran su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hadejia Jama’are River Basin Development Authority |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/company/870/hadejia-jama-are-river-basin-development-authority |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9597847 |title=Hadejia Jamaare RBDA Kano: 1st phase implementation plan of Vision 20, 2020 |date=2010 |publisher=Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources |editor-last=Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Development Authority (Nigeria) |location=Nigeria |editor-last2=Nigeria}}</ref> HJRBDA tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita tsarin kula da albarkatun ruwa, kiyaye muhalli, da bunkasar tattalin arziki a cikin kogin Hadejia-Jama'are, yana ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar al'ummar yankin da ci gaban yankin baki daya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WPS Office - Free Office Download for PC & Mobile, Alternative to MS Office |url=https://www.wps.com/d/t3/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=WPS |archive-date=2023-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813060953/https://www.wps.com/d/t3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Case of Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority, Kano |url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/IABO/entry/iab19930889/html?lang=en |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=De Gruyter |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hukumar Raya Kogunan Hadejia Da Jama'are Ta Musanta Rahotannin Ballewar Dam Din Tiga |url=https://www.arewaradio.com/news/labarai-news/hukumar-raya-kogunan-hadejia-da-jamaare-ta-musanta-rahotannin-ballewar-dam-din-tiga/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Arewa Radio |language=en}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Hadejia]] [[Category:Kogunan Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 23qp1kc7ek0gc6hsi2pgtp13oiowelk 0 56826 891801 780989 2026-08-05T22:43:43Z Baffa ali 47435 891801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kim Kardashian''' sananniya ce a kafafen yada labaran [[Amurka]] ce, mai son jama'a, ƴar kasuwa, kuma abin koyi. Ta sami shahara sosai ta hanyar shirinta na TV na gaskiya "Ci gaba da Kardashians" kuma ta shiga cikin harkokin kasuwanci daban-daban, gami da kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya, da kuma aikace-aikacen wayar hannu. Yaren ta yakasan ce turanci .{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1980]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] jwz00ka7iv1gw0i37mmz5149fo551un 0 57539 891734 785194 2026-08-05T18:28:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Jack_Balkin,_Writers_on_Writing_about_Technology_roundtable,_2009-09-30.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Jack M. Balkin]] [[File:Jack_Balkin.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Jack M. Balkin]] '''Jack M. Balkin''' (an haife shi a watan Agusta 13, shekara ta alif dari tara da hamsin da shida miladiyya 1956) masanin shari'a ne na Amurka. Shi ne Farfesa na Knight na Dokar Tsarin Mulki da Farko na Farko a Makarantar Yale Law. Balkin shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma darekta na ''Yale Information Society Project'' (ISP), cibiyar bincike wanda manufarsa ita ce "nazartar abubuwan da ke tattare da Intanet, sadarwa, da sababbin fasahar bayanai ga doka da zamantakewa." Hakanan yana jagorantar Dokar Knight da Shirin Watsa Labarai da Cibiyar Abrams don Maganar Kyauta a Makarantar Yale.<ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514</ref><ref>https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/06/paul-krugman-government-tilting-towards-authoritarian-surveillance-state/</ref> Balkin yana buga bulogi na doka, Balkinization, kuma ma'aikaci ne na ''The Atlantic''. Shi masani ne na Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Dokar Gyaran Farko. Baya ga aikinsa na masanin shari'a, ya kuma rubuta littafi kan memes da juyin halittar al'adu da fassara da rubuta sharhi kan tsohon littafin sauye-sauye na kasar Sin, ko I Ching .<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nKNAa1R4H4</ref><ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514</ref><ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=2675270</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a Kansas City, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], Balkin ya sami digirinsa na AB da JD daga Jami'ar Harvard da Ph.D. a cikin falsafar daga Jami'ar Cambridge . Ya nemi alkali Carolyn Dineen Sarkin Kotun daukaka kara ta biyar. Daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1984 ya kasance abokin shari'a a kamfanin lauyoyi na New York na Cravath, Swaine &amp;amp; Moore. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Missouri a Kansas City daga shekarar 1984 zuwa 1988 da kuma a Jami'ar [[Texas]] daga 1988 zuwa 1994. Ya shiga makarantar Yale a cikin 1994. Ya kuma koyar a Jami’ar Harvard da shekarar Jami’ar New York da Jami’ar [[Tel Abib|Tel Aviv]] da Kwalejin Sarauniya Mary a Jami’ar [[Landan]]. An zabe shi a matsayin Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences a 2005, kuma memba na Cibiyar Dokokin Amurka a 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ali.org/members/newly-elected-members/july-2020/ |title=Members Elected July 2020 |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925233442/https://www.ali.org/members/newly-elected-members/july-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ali.org/members/member/458901/ |title=Professor Jack M. Balkin |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-date=2023-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818104216/https://www.ali.org/members/member/458901/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Memetics, akida, da wuce gona da iri == Littafin Balkin na shekarar 1998, ''Software na Al'adu: A Theory of Ideology'', ya yi ikirarin cewa ana iya bayyana akida ta hanyar memes da hanyoyin juyin halittar al'adu. <ref>''Cultural Software'', p. 14, 42-45</ref> Ya bayar da hujjar cewa akida wani tasiri ne na "software na al'adu" ko kayan aikin fahimtar da suka zama wani bangare na 'yan adam kuma ana samarwa ta hanyar juyin halitta da watsa labaran memes. A lokaci guda kuma, Balkin ya yi jayayya cewa duk nazarin akida da dabi'a suna daukar kyakkyawar manufa ta gaskiya da "darajar adalci mai wuce gona da iri." <ref>''Cultural Software'', p. 143</ref> Kamar TK Seung, ya ba da shawarar cewa ra'ayi mai zurfi na adalci-ko da yake ba zai iya samun cikakkiyar fahimta ba kuma babu makawa "marasa iyaka" - yana ƙarƙashin maganganun siyasa da ra'ayin siyasa. <ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=842284</ref><ref>https://balkin.blogspot.com/2014/03/information-fiduciaries-in-digital-age.html</ref><ref>https://ssrn.com/abstract=842284</ref><ref>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-cycles-of-constitutional-time-9780197530993</ref><ref>''Cultural Software'', p. 144. See Seung's ''Intuition and Construction: The Foundation of Normative Theory'', pp. 194–99 and ''Plato Rediscovered: Human Value and Social Order'', pp. xi–xii.</ref> == Rarraba akida, Yan adawar gida, da ka'idodi na shari'a == Balkin ya kirkiro kalmar ''yata akida'' don bayyana wani al'amari ta yadda ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi ke canza matsayinsu na siyasa yayin da aka shigar da su cikin sabbin mahallin zamantakewa da siyasa cikin lokaci. Tare da Duncan Kennedy, Balkin ya habaka fannin ilimin kimiyyar doka. Semiotics na shari'a yana nuna yadda gardama na shari'a ke nuna tropes mai maimaitawa ko topoi wadanda ke amsawa junansu kuma ana sake haifar da adawarsu a manyan matakan dalla-dalla na koyarwa kamar yadda koyaswar doka ta samo asali. Don haka Balkin ya yi ikirarin cewa hujjar shari'a tana da irin wannan "crystalline" ko tsarin barka .<ref>https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5610&context=fss_papers</ref> Balkin ya yi amfani da rushewa da ka'idodin adabi masu alaƙa don jayayya cewa an tsara tunanin shari'a bisa ga "masu adawa" - ra'ayoyi ko ra'ayoyin masu adawa da suka koma juna a kan lokaci ko akasin haka sun dogara ga juna ta hanyoyi masu ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=842284 Deconstruction's Legal Career, 27 Cardozo Law Review 719 (2005)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=842284 (November 13, 2005); Deconstructive Practice and Legal Theory, 96 Yale L.J. 743 (1987)</ref> Ko da yake ya zana ka'idar adabi a cikin aikinsa kan lafazin shari'a, Balkin da mawallafinsa akai-akai Sanford Levinson sun yi jayayya cewa dokar ta fi dacewa ba a kwatanta da wallafe-wallafe ba amma ga wasan kwaikwayo kamar kida da wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2240496 Balkin, Verdi's High C, 91 Tex. L. Rev. 1687 (2013)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2240496 ; Balkin and Levinson, Interpreting Law and Music: Performance Notes on "The Banjo Serenader" and "The Lying Crowd of Jews," 20 Cardozo L. Rev. 1513 (1999); Balkin and Levinson, Law, Music, and Other Performing Arts, 139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1597 (1991)</ref> == Shiga bangaranci == [[Fayil:Jack M. Balkin - Flickr - Knight Foundation.jpg|thumb|Jack Balkin]] Balkin da Levinson suna jayayya cewa juyin mulkin tsarin mulki a cikin koyarwar shari'a yana faruwa ta hanyar tsari da ake kira ''kin yarda'' . <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514 The Processes of Constitutional Change: From Partisan Entrenchment to the National Surveillance State, 75 Fordham Law Review 489 (2006)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514 (September 17, 2006)</ref> Jam'iyyar da ke iko da fadar White House za ta iya tara wa kotunan tarayya sabbin alkalai da alkalai waɗanda ke da ra'ayi kan muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi tsarin mulki kwatankwacin na shugaban kasa. Wannan yana canza tsaka-tsakin Adalci akan Kotun Koli kuma ya canza launin ƙananan kotunan tarayya, wanda, bi da bi, yana shafar koyaswar tsarin mulki. Idan an nada isassun sabbin alkalai cikin kankanin lokaci, sauye-sauye za su faru cikin sauri, wanda zai haifar da juyin juya halin tsarin mulki. Misali, juyin mulkin tsarin mulki ya biyo bayan sabuwar yarjejeniyar saboda Franklin Roosevelt ya iya nada sabbin Alkalan Kotun Koli guda takwas tsakanin 1937 zuwa 1941. Ka'idar Balkin da Levinson ta bambanta da ka'idar Bruce Ackerman na lokutan tsarin mulki, wanda ke ba da hujjar cewa juyin mulkin tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne saboda ayyukan kai-da-kai na tattara dimokuradiyya wanda ya kafa sabbin ma'auni na halaccin siyasa. Balkin da Levinson suna kallon bangarorin ba a matsayin kakkarfan tsarin demokradiyya amma mara kyau; ba ta ba da tabbacin ingantaccen fassarar tsarin mulki ko daidai ba.<ref>https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=fss_papers</ref> == Fassarar tsarin mulki == Ka'idar tsarin mulki ta Balkin, wanda aka habaka a cikin littafinsa na 2011, ''Living Originalism'', duka biyu ne na asali da masu tsarin mulki . Yana jayayya cewa babu wani sabani tsakanin wadannan hanyoyin, fahimta da kyau. Dole ne masu fassara su bi ainihin ma'anar rubutun tsarin mulki amma ba ainihin aikace-aikacen sa ba; Don haka yawancin fassarar kundin tsarin mulkin ya kunshi gina tsarin mulki da gina ƙasa ta dukkan sassan gwamnati guda uku. “Tsarin asali na asali” <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=1290869 Framework Originalism and the Living Constitution,103 Nw. L. Rev. 549 (2009)]. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1290869 (October 23, 2008)</ref> na Balkin yana kallon Kundin Tsarin Mulki a matsayin tsarin farko na shugabanci wanda ke saita siyasa cikin motsi kuma ya sa siyasa ta yiwu; dole ne a cike shi cikin lokaci ta hanyar gina tsarin mulki da gina jihohi. Wannan tsari na gina Kundin Tsarin Mulki shine rayayyun tsarin mulki. == Rushewar tsarin mulki == Balkin ya yi amfani da kalmar “rube na tsarin mulki” don bayyana tsarin da dimokuradiyyar ke zama rashin jin dadin ra’ayin jama’a da rashin sadaukar da kai ga amfanin jama’a cikin lokaci. <ref>[ https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=2992961 Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Rot, in CAN IT HAPPEN HERE?: AUTHORITARIANISM IN AMERICA 19 (Cass R. Sunstein, ed.)] Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=2992961 (June 14, 2017).</ref> <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2993320 Constitutional Crisis and Constitutional Rot, 77 Maryland L. Rev. 147 (2017)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2993320 (October 1, 2017)</ref> Rubabben tsarin mulki yana girma saboda (1) Kara rashin daidaito na samun kudi da dukiya; (2) karuwar siyasar siyasa da kabilanci; (3) Rashin amincewa tsakanin membobin jam'iyyu daban-daban da tsakanin jama'a da cibiyoyi da aka kafa; da (4) bala'o'in manufofin da ke nuna cewa jami'an gwamnati ba su da kwarewa da / ko ba za a iya amincewa da su ba. <ref>Constitutional Crisis and Constitutional Rot, at 152</ref> Balkin ya yi nuni da cewa masu tsara kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka sun yi imanin cewa dukkan jumhuriyar za su rugujewa a kan lokaci, kuma sun tsara kundin tsarin mulki ta yadda zai iya kawar da lokacin rubewar tsarin mulki a cikin fatan sake sabunta cibiyoyin jamhuriyar. Yawancin fasalulluka na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, da suka hada da dimbin sharuddan Shugaban kasa, Majalisa, da Majalisar Dattijai, rabuwa da iko, tarayya, da shari'a mai zaman kanta, nau'ikan "inshorar jumhuriya" ne da aka tsara don cimma wannan burin. <ref>[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-cycles-of-constitutional-time-9780197530993 Jack M. Balkin, The Cycles of Constitutional Time (Oxford University Press 2020), at p. 48]</ref> Balkin ya bambanta rubar tsarin mulki da rikicin tsarin mulki. Rikicin tsarin mulki lokaci ne da mutane suka yi imanin cewa hukumomin tsarin mulki na gab da faduwa ko kuma sun gaza. <ref>Constitutional Crisis and Constitutional Rot, at 147.</ref> Domin babbar manufar kundin tsarin mulki ita ce samar da siyasa mai yiwuwa, tsarin mulki na kasawa a lokacin da mutane suka daina kokarin neman madafun iko bisa ka’idojin tsarin mulki. Wannan na iya haifar da gurguncewar siyasa, ko yakin basasa, ko tada zaune tsaye, ko ballewa, ko yunkurin juyin mulki. Ko da yake ra'ayoyin biyu na rikici da rube sun bambanta, Balkin ya yi nuni da cewa ci gaban shari'ar rubewar tsarin mulki na iya haifar da rikicin tsarin mulki. <ref>Constitutional Crisis and Constitutional Rot, at 160.</ref> == Rikicin tsarin mulki == Balkin da Levinson suna ba da nau'in rikice-rikicen tsarin mulki . <ref>[https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=fss_papers Sanford Levinson & Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Crises, 157 U. PA. L. REV. 707 (2009).] Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1267979 (August 12, 2008)</ref> A cikin rikice-rikice na Nau'i na daya, 'yan siyasa sun ba da sanarwar a bainar jama'a cewa ba za su ƙara bin tsarin mulki ba kuma ba za su bi umarnin shari'a kai tsaye ba. <ref>Constitutional Crises, at 721-29.</ref> A cikin rikice-rikicen nau'i na biyu, aminci ga tsarin mulki yana haifar da bala'i, saboda mutane suna tunanin cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya hana su yin aiki ko kuma don sun gaskata cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki bai tanadar da wani abin da ya faru ba don gurgunta ya faru kuma bala'i ya faru. <ref>Constitutional Crises, at 729-38.</ref> A cikin rikicin Nau'in Uku, mutane sun yi rashin jituwa sosai game da abin da tsarin mulki ke nufi da cewa sun koma yakin basasa, ballewa, ko tayar da zaune tsaye. <ref>Constitutional Crises, at 738-46.</ref> Balkin da Levinson sun yi imanin cewa rikice-rikicen tsarin mulki na gaske ba su da yawa a tarihin Amurka, kodayake rikice-rikicen siyasa na yawan faruwa. Gwajin tsarin mulki mai nasara shine ko zai iya samun nasarar gudanarwa da warware rikicin siyasa a cikin iyakokinsa. <ref>Constitutional Crises, at 714.</ref> == Zagayen tsarin mulki == Balkin yayi jayayya cewa tsarin tsarin mulkin Amurka ya samo asali ne ta hanyar mu'amala tsakanin zagaye uku: tasowa da faduwar jam'iyyun siyasa masu rinjaye, da girma da raguwar ra'ayin siyasa, da sauya yanayin rubewar tsarin mulki da sabunta tsarin mulki. <ref>[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-cycles-of-constitutional-time-9780197530993 Jack M. Balkin, The Cycles of Constitutional Time (Oxford University Press 2020)]</ref> Balkin ya yi bayanin cewa, siyasar Amurka ta yi kamari musamman saboda Amurka ta kusa kawo karsyhen mulkin da jam’iyyar Republican ke da shi na tsawon lokaci a siyasance, kuma tana cikin wani dogon zango na siyasa, kuma tana fama da matsalar ruftawar tsarin mulki. <ref>Jack M. Balkin, The Cycles of Constitutional Time, Balkinization, (September 1, 2020)</ref> Balkin yayi jayayya cewa Amurka tana cikin Zamani na Biyu, kuma yayi hasashen cewa sannu a hankali tana tafiya zuwa Zaman Ci gaba na biyu. <ref>Id.</ref> == 'Yancin magana da al'adun dimokuradiyya == Ayyukan Balkin a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko ya ba da hujjar cewa manufar ka'idar 'yancin fadar albarkacin baki ita ce habaka abin da ya kira al'adar dimokuradiyya. <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=470842 Digital Speech and Democratic Culture, 79 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1 (2004)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=470842 (December 3, 2003)</ref> <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2676027 Cultural Democracy and the First Amendment, 110 Nw. L. Rev. 1053 (2016)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2676027 (October 19, 2015)</ref> Tunanin al'adun dimokuradiyya ya fi girma fiye da damuwa tare da shawarwarin demokradiyya ko mulkin Demokradiyya, kuma yana jaddada 'yanci na mutum daya, sa hannu na al'adu da tasirin juna. Al'adar dimokuradiyya ita ce wacce talakawa za su iya shiga cikin nau'ikan al'adun da ke taimakawa wajen tsara su a matsayin mutane. Balkin ya bayar da hujjar cewa ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki a Intanet yana da siffofi guda biyu: “tafiya a kusa da” masu tsaron kofofin watsa labarai, da kuma “gwargwadon” — ba tare da keɓanta ba na abubuwan al’adu wadanda aka cuɗe su da wasu tushe don Kirkirar sabbin hanyoyin al’adu. Wadannan fitattun siffofi na magana ta Intanet, in ji shi, haƙiƙan halayen magana ne gaba daya, don haka ke haifar da mai da hankali kan shiga cikin al'adun demokradiyya. Balkin yayi jayayya cewa kariyar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a cikin zamani na dijital zai ƙara dogaro kaɗan akan koyaswar alkali na Gyaran Farko da ƙari akan dokoki, ƙa'idodin gudanarwa, da ƙirar fasaha. <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=1335055 The Future of Free Expression in a Digital Age, 36 Pepperdine L. Rev. 427 (2008-2009)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1335055 (January 29, 2009)</ref> Yana mai cewa mun wuce tsarin ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki na al’ada wanda a cikinsa ne jihohin al’umma ke tsara maganganun ‘yan kasarsu. Maimakon haka, magana ta dijital ta ƙunshi ƙirar jam'i . A cikin tsarin jam'i, gwamnatocin yankuna suna ci gaba da daidaita magana kai tsaye. Amma kuma suna ƙoƙarin tilastawa ko haɗin gwiwar masu mallakar kayan aikin dijital don daidaita maganganun wasu. Wannan shine tsarin magana "sabuwar makaranta". <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2377526 Old School/New School Speech Regulation, 127 Harv. L. Rev. 2296 (2014)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2377526 (January 12, 2014)</ref> Masu mallakar kayayyakin more rayuwa na dijital, musamman kamfanonin sadarwar zamani, yanzu suna aiki a matsayin gwamnoni masu zaman kansu na al'ummomin magana, Kirkirar da aiwatar da dokoki da ka'idodi daban-daban na al'ummomin da suke mulka. A karshe, masu amfani da karshen, kungiyoyin jama'a, masu satar bayanai, da sauran Yan wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu sukan matsa lamba kan kamfanonin samar da ababen more rayuwa na dijital don daidaita magana ta wasu hanyoyi kuma kada su daidaita shi a wasu. Wannan yake-yake na uku-maimakon tsarin dyada na gargajiya na jihohi da ke tsara maganganun ɓangarorin masu zaman kansu - yana nuna ikon yin magana a cikin al'umman algorithmic. <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=3038939 Free Speech in the Algorithmic Society, 51 U.C. Davis L. Rev. __ (forthcoming 2018)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3038939 (September 20, 2017)</ref> == Hukumar Kula da Kasa ta Kasa == A cikin wata makala ta 2006 tare da Levinson, <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514 The Processes of Constitutional Change: From Partisan Entrenchment to the National Surveillance State, 75 Fordham Law Review 489(2006)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=930514 (September 17, 2006)</ref> da labarin 2008, <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=1141524 The Constitution in the National Surveillance State 93 Minnesota Law Review 1 (2008)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=1141524 (June 10, 2008)</ref> Balkin yayi magana game da fitowar “Jihar Sa ido ta ƙasa” wacce ke amfani da tattarawa, tattarawa da nazarin bayanai don gudanar da mulki. Jihar sa ido ta ƙasa wata halitta ce ta haɓakar fasaha da buƙatun ayyukan gwamnati. Balkin yayi jayayya cewa "[t] tambayar ba shine ko za mu sami yanayin sa ido a shekaru masu zuwa ba, amma wane irin yanayin sa ido za mu samu." <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ali.org/members/newly-elected-members/july-2020/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-08-23 |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925233442/https://www.ali.org/members/newly-elected-members/july-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>The Constitution in the National Surveillance State, at 3-4.</ref> Balkin ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu: jihar bayanan mai mulki da jihar bayanan dimokuradiyya. Jihohin bayanan masu mulki su ne masu ɓarna bayanai da masu cin amanar bayanai: suna tattara bayanai da yawa gwargwadon iko kuma suna ƙin raba shi ko bayyana ayyukansu na jama'a. Jihohin bayanan dimokraɗiyya ƴan gourmets ne na bayanai da masu ba da tallafi na bayanai: suna tattara abin da suke buƙata kawai, suna samar da bayanai don su raba bayanai tare da ƴan ƙasa kuma suna yin ayyukan nasu bisa dimokiradiyya. Jihohin bayanan dimokuradiyya kuma suna lalata bayanan da gwamnati ta tattara lokacin da ba lallai ba ne. A aikace, kariya ta sirri da yawa ta zo daga gaskiyar cewa mutane sun manta abin da ya faru. Amma a zamanin dijital, ba a taɓa mantawa da komai ba, don haka watsi da sakamakon sa ido na gwamnati dole ne a ba da izini. <ref>Mike Konczal, Is a democratic surveillance state possible?, Washington Post, June 8, 2013, at https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/06/08/is-a-democratic-surveillance-state-possible/</ref> <ref>Paul Krugman: Government Tilting Towards 'Authoritarian Surveillance' State, ABC News, June 9, 2013, at https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2013/06/paul-krugman-government-tilting-towards-authoritarian-surveillance-state/</ref> Yayin da jihar sa ido ke girma, Balkin ya yi jayayya, sabbin kariyar 'yancin walwala sun zama dole, kamar yadda suka zama dole tare da ci gaban jihar gudanarwa bayan Sabuwar Yarjejeniya da Tsaron Kasa bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Dole ne a sake fasalin sashin zartarwa tare da bin diddigin cikin gida da ma'auni ga 'yan sanda da kanta, don bayar da rahoto kan ayyukanta, da hana cin zarafi. A ƙarshe, dole ne a yi amfani da fasaha don yin rikodin abin da jami'ai ke yi da kuma neman alamun rashin da'a na gwamnati: "Hanya mafi kyau don sarrafa masu kallo ita ma kallon su." <ref>The Constitution in the National Surveillance State, at p. 24</ref> == Masu ba da bayanai, robotics, da hankali na wucin gadi == Balkin ya kirkiro kalmar "fiduciary bayanai" don bayyana wajibcin doka da ɗa'a na kasuwancin dijital da kamfanonin kafofin watsa labarun. <ref>Jack Balkin, "Information Fiduciaries in the Digital Age, Balkinization, March 5th, 2014, at https://balkin.blogspot.com/2014/03/information-fiduciaries-in-digital-age.html</ref> <ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2675270 Information Fiduciaries and the First Amendment 49 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1183 (2016)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2675270 (October 18, 2015)</ref> Yana jayayya cewa dole ne mutane su amince da dogaro da wasu kasuwancin dijital da kamfanonin kafofin watsa labarun, kuma suna da rauni musamman a gare su. Don haka, zamanin dijital ya samar da wani sabon nau'in wajibcin amana da ya yi daidai da wadanda doka ta dora akan manajojin kudi da Kwararru kamar likitoci, lauyoyi, da masu lissafi. Balkin yayi jayayya cewa masu amintaccen bayanan dijital dole ne su yi aiki cikin aminci ga masu amfani da su. Dole ne su mutunta sirrin mai amfani na karshe kuma maiyuwa ba za su yi amfani da karshen masu amfani ba. Wadanda suka habaka da amfani da mutummutumi, jami'an leken asiri, da algorithms na iya zama amintattun bayanai ga abokan cinikinsu da masu amfani da ƙarshensu. Bugu da kari, kamfanoni na iya kada su shiga cikin "rashin hankali": yin amfani da bayanan dijital na mutane don nuna wariya da sarrafa su da canza farashin yanke shawarar algorithmic kan jama'a. <ref>https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=2992961</ref><ref>https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5610&context=fss_papers</ref><ref>[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2890965 The Three Laws of Robotics in the Age of Big Data 78 Ohio St. L. Rev. 1217 (2017)]. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2890965 (December 29, 2016)</ref> Balkin yayi jayayya cewa wajibcin amintattun bayanai da aikin da ba zai zama ɓarna ba wani ɓangare ne na sabbin dokokin robotics . Ba kamar sanannun dokokin mutum-mutumi uku na Asimov ba, wadannan dokokin ba ana ba da su ga mutum-mutumi ba amma ga mutane da kungiyoyi wadanda suka tsara, mallaka, da sarrafa su. Balkin ya bayar da hujjar cewa fasahar mutum-mutumi da fasaha ta wucin gadi suna dai-daita alakar iko tsakanin kungiyoyin mutane daban-daban; don haka dole ne doka ta mai da hankali kan daidaita mutane, kamfanoni, da kungiyoyin jama'a wadanda ke amfani da mutum-mutumi da fasaha na wucin gadi gwargwadon fasahar kansu. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nKNAa1R4H4 Jack Balkin on Robots, Algorithms, and Big Data]. Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nKNAa1R4H4 (February 23, 2017)</ref> == Ayyukan da aka zaba == === A matsayin marubuci === * [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-cycles-of-constitutional-time-9780197530993 Tsarin Lokacin Tsarin Mulki (2020)] * [https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/D/bo35507402.html Dimokuradiyya da Rashin aiki (2019) (tare da Sanford Levinson)] * [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674061781 Asalin Rayuwa (2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009181359/https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674061781 |date=2023-10-09 }} * [http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674058743 Fansar Kundin Tsarin Mulki: Bangaskiya ta Siyasa a Duniyar Mara Adalci (2011)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051206050707/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/lawsofchange1.htm Dokokin Canji: I Ching da Falsafa na Rayuwa (2002)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061025214924/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/cs.htm Software na Al'adu: Ka'idar Akida (1998)] === A matsayin edita === * ''Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki'' (Aspen Publications, 7th edition 2018)  ) (tare da Paul Brest, Sanford Levinson, Akhil Amar, da Reva Siegel). * ''Tsarin Mulki a cikin 2020'' (Oxford Univ. Latsa 2009  ) (tare da Reva B. Siegel) * ''Laifukan Intanet: Cops Dijital a cikin Mahalli mai Sadarwa'' (NYU Press 2007  ) (tare da James Grimmelmann et al. ) * ''Yanayin Wasa: Doka, Wasanni, da Duniyar Rubutu'' (NYU Press 2006  ) (tare da Beth Simone Noveck) * ''Abin da'' Roe v. Wade ''yakamata ya ce'' (NYU Press 2005  ) * ''Abin da'' Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi ''yakamata ta fadi'' (NYU Press 2001  ) * ''Canons na doka'' (NYU Press 2000  ) (tare da Sanford Levinson) === Labaran jarida === * Verdi 's High C, 91 Tex. L. Rev. 1687 (2013) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030331/http://columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/1459-1500.pdf Pdf.] == Duba kuma == * Jerin masu tunani ya rinjayi lalacewa == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == ** [http://www.balkin.com/ Shafin Gida na Jack Balkin]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ** [https://web.archive.org/web/19991004010810/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/balkbibl.htm Littafin Jack Balkin] ** [https://balkin.blogspot.com/ Shafin yanar gizon Jack Balkin, Balkinization] ** [http://yaleisp.org/ Shirin Yale Information Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817153835/http://www.yaleisp.org/ |date=2014-08-17 }} ** [http://www.law.yale.edu/faculty/JBalkin.htm Bayanan Kwalejin Yale] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20080926184905/http://bloggingheads.tv/search/?participant1=Balkin,%20Jack Bidiyo na muhawara da tattaunawa] da suka shafi Balkin akan BloggingHeads.tv ** Appearances on C-SPAN {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Unite State]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 70ontt7rnf8n9fkpd6hng9nzitkuvq6 0 57713 891813 454415 2026-08-05T23:53:55Z Baffa ali 47435 891813 wikitext text/x-wiki Yawan mutanen 212,935 .{{Databox}} {{Stub}} == Tarihi == Birnin na yanzu,a kan kogin Wadi Sig, ya haɓaka a kusa da sansanin [[Faransa|Faransanci]] da aka gina a 1843.A cikin 1849 an kafa wani garin noma da aka tsara a kusa da wurin aikin soja.Daga 1830s har zuwa 1962 birnin yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud da Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Waje ta Faransa, kasancewar wurin sansanin horo na asali, da kuma hedkwatar runduna ta farko ta Harkokin Waje.A ƙarshen 1890s garin, wanda aka kwatanta shi da kamannin Mutanen Espanya,yana da farar hula kusan 30,000.Manyan gine-ginen sun kasance a gundumar sojojin Faransa na ''Quartier Vienot''.Cibiyar horar da Gendarmerie ta Aljeriya ta zamani tana cikin Sidi Bel Abbès. A cikin shekarun 1930 da yawa daga cikin tsoffin ganuwar birnin an rushe.Fad'i na boulevards da murabba'ai sun maye gurbin wuraren gargajiya,wanda ya sa garin ya rasa yawancin halayensa. == Geography == Garin yana zaune a gefen kogin Sig,da tafkin ''Sidi Mohamed Benali''.Tafkin yana ba da babban tanadin ruwa ga yankin. === Yanayi === Sidi Bel Abbès yana da yanayin zafi-lokacin rani na Bahar Rum(Köppen weather classification ''Csa'').{{Weather box}} === Unguwannin === Sidi Bel Abbès yana da yankuna 26. Waɗannan su ne:Campus,Ben Hamouda, American Village,Rocher,Sidi Djilali, Environment,Gambetta,Maconi,Soricor, La Brimer,Londeau,Sidi Yacine,Saqia Hamra,Village Perrin,Village Bira, Adda boudjelal,El Makam,El madina el Mounaouara,Bab Eddaya, Boumlik (Campo),Downtown,Grebah,Cimitiere Houria,Cite 20 Aout,Village Tierre,Village de Gaulle. == Al'adu == [[File:Ecole_des_beaux_arts_de_sidi_bel_abbes.jpg|right|thumb| Ecole des Beaux Arts in Sidi Bel Abbès.]] === Kiɗa === Waƙar Rai ita ce shahararriyar kiɗan a cikin birni kuma an san ta da yawancin rai chebs Kamar [[Djilali Amarna]]. === Wasanni === [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Ƙwallon ƙafar ƙungiyoyi]] shine wasanni mafi shahara a cikin birni.Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta gida ita ce USM Bel Abbés,wadda ke taka leda a filin wasa na Fevrier 24.Ƙwallon [[Kwallon kwando|kwando]],ƙwallon hannu,da wasan volleyball suma shahararru ne kuma ana buga su a makarantun tsakiya da sakandare ko wuraren wasanni,kamar Adda Boudjelal Sportive Complex.Garin kuma yana da kulob ɗin rugby,MC Sidi Bel Abbés. == Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin ya ta'allaka ne kan noma, musamman samar da hatsi irin su alkama da sha'ir da kuma sana'ar inabi.Wani rukunin kera injinan gona yana wurin.<ref name="sidi">''Sidi Bel Abbes'', lexicorient.com (Encyclopaedia of the Orient), internet article.</ref> Akwai yankin masana'antu wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattalin arzikin birni. === Kasuwanni === Akwai kasuwanni da yawa a Sidi Bel Abbes.''Souk el Felah'' da ''Souk el Lile'' sune manyan kasuwanni biyu na 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari. == Sufuri == === Hanya === Sidi Bel Abbès yana da alaƙa sosai da sauran biranen Aljeriya ta hanyoyi.[[Oran]] yana da nisan kilomita 70 arewa kuma [[Tlemcen]] yana da kilomita 90 yamma. Hanyar Yamma- Gabas ta wuce kusa da birnin. === Filin jirgin sama === Filin jirgin saman kasa da kasa mafi kusa shine [[Ahmed Ben Bella Airport|Oran Es Sénia]],<ref name="sidi">''Sidi Bel Abbes'', lexicorient.com (Encyclopaedia of the Orient), internet article.</ref>amma birni yana aiki da na gida:[[Sidi Bel Abbès Airport|Filin jirgin saman Sidi Bel Abbès]]( amma ba don amfanin jama'a ba. === Tramway === An buɗe layin tram na Sidi Bel Abbès a ranar 25 ga Yuli,2017.Layin layin dogo na tsawon kilomita 14.7,tare da tashoshi 22 da suka mamaye mafi yawan manyan wuraren da ke cikin birni kamar Busstations 3,Daira,harabar jami'a,Garin Down,Lambun Jama'a.Ko da yake Ba ya hidima ga yammacin birnin da kuma kudu. === Jirgin kasa === Sidi Bel Abbés yana da tashar jirgin ƙasa wanda jiragen kasa ke tafiya zuwa [[Oran]], [[Tlemcen]],Bechar da Saïda.Hanyar dogo tsakanin [[Aljeriya]] da [[Moroko|Maroko]] ta bi ta cikin birnin amma an katse wannan hanyar saboda dalilai na siyasa.. == Yawon shakatawa == [[File:084place_carnot.JPG|right|thumb| Wuri Carnot.]] === Alamomin ƙasa === Sidi Bel Abbès yana da alamomin tarihi da yawa.Waɗannan sun haɗa da ''Place Carnot'' wanda aka sake masa suna ''Place 1er Novembre'' bayan 'yancin kai.Wannan fili ne dake cikin tsakiyar birni.Katanga na Perrin wani kagara ne da ke tsakanin [[Sidi Bel Abbés]] da Sidi Lahcene kuma an gina shi cikin salon gine-gine na Faransa, zauren garin,wanda kuma aka gina a cikin tsarin Faransanci na tarihi ya kasance babban coci.Ofishin jam'iyyar FLN a zamanin mulkin mallaka ginin soja ne. === Otal-otal === Sidi Bel Abbés yana da otal biyar, ciki har da ''Beni tella'' da ''Eden'',"Metropole I", "Metropole II","Quods". == Fitattun mutane == * René Raphaël Viviani(Nuwamba 8, 1863 - Satumba 7, 1925),ɗan siyasan Faransa na Jamhuriyya ta Uku, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na shekarar farko na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya. * Marco Torrès(Janairu 22, 1888 - Janairu 15, 1963),dan wasan motsa jiki na Olympics,zakaran Duniya na Duniya sau biyu. * Gaston Maurice Julia(3 ga Fabrairu, 1893 - Maris 19, 1978),masanin lissafi wanda ya shahara ga Julia wanda aka kafa a ka'idar hargitsi * Marcel Cerdan (1916-49),ɗan damben Faransa,wanda aka sani da ''Le Bombardier Marocain''("Bam ɗin Moroko") * Mohammed Bedjaoui(an haife shi a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1929), ministan harkokin waje, tsohon ministan shari'a(1964-70),jakadan Faransa(1970-79)da wakilin dindindin na Aljeriya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya(1979-82).Ya kasance alkali a Kotun Duniya ta Hague (1982-2001). * Jean Boyer(1948 – 2004),masanin halittar Faransa * Brigitte Giraud(an haife shi a shekara ta 1960),marubucin Faransa * Kad Merad(1964),ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya na Faransa na 2008 ''Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis'' * Éric Delétang(an haife shi a shekara ta 1966)shi ne tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa == Nassoshi ==  {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Sidi Bel Abbès on Facebook [[Category:Biranen Aljeriya]] gzyamt156s932amglu22pi7sg5cq5a8 0 58540 891964 529573 2026-08-06T10:02:40Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} '''Shehu Umar Sanda ibn Ibrahim Kura al-Kanemi''' shi ne Shehun [[Borno]] daga shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da biyu 1922 zuwa 1937.Shi ɗan [[Ibrahim Kura na Borno|Shehu Ibrahim Kura ne na Borno]] kuma dan uwan [[Abubakar Garbai|Shehu Abubakar Garbai]].<ref name="Palmer">Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.</ref> == Mulkin Farko == [[Fayil:Shehu Sanda Kura in the 1920s.jpg|thumb|Sanda Kura]] A cikin shekara ta 1893,an kori [[Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi|daular al-Kanemi]] daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] kuma mai bincike na Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr ya bar shi daga mulki.Daular ta yi mulkin Bornu kusan karni daga 1810.Bayan rasuwar [[Kyarin Borno|Shehu Kiari]] da Rabih ya yi a shekara ta 1894,‘yan daular sun yi gudun hijira a duk fadin yankin.Wasu sun gudu zuwa [[Masarautar Kano]],wasu kuma zuwa [[Zinder|Damagaram]],wasu kuma sun buya a cikin babban birnin jihar Borno. Umar Sanda Kura ne ke jagorantar kungiyar a Damagaram wanda shi ne mafi girma kuma mafi muhimmanci.A farkon watan Fabrairun 1898,Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya ba da rahoton gano Umar Sanda tare da mabiyansa su 670 a kan iyakar Damagaram da [[Kano]] suna neman taimakonsu kan Rabih.Turawan Ingila da suke kokarin ba Rabih hadin kai a maimakon haka suka yi biris da bukatarsa.Daga baya dan’uwansa Abubakar Garbai ya hada shi da wani lokaci a karshen 1898. === Yakin Kousséri === Umar Sanda a hukumance ya bukaci Faransawa su gane shi a matsayin sarkin Bornu kuma su taimake shi a kan Rabih lokacin da ya hadu da balaguron Foureau-Lamy a Begra.Faransawa sun amince da bukatarsa yayin da suka yi tunanin cewa ciniki ne mai kyau bayan sun shaida irin mutuntawa da kaunar da mutanen Bornu suke yi wa Sanda Kura.A cewar Foureau,dukkan jiga-jigan yankin na birnin Begra sun zo ne domin maraba da balaguron [[Faransa]],inda suka kawo kayan abinci tare da bayyana fatan Faransawa za su yi nasara wajen kawo karshen mulkin Rabih. An san Sanda Kura a matsayin Shehun Bornu a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1900 a gaban dimbin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=135–150}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 1900,Faransawa sun tattara sojojinsu a Kanem suna shirin yin tattaki zuwa [[Dikwa]] don fuskantar Rabih amma jami'in Emile Gentil ya gane cewa Dikwa yana cikin "Borno Jamus" maimakon "Borno [[Faransanci]]" wanda ke nufin tafiya zuwa Dikwa yana nufin cin zarafi na kasa da kasa.al'ada.Domin samun dalilin da ya sa a shari'a Gentil ya samu Gwarang Sarkin Bagirmi ya rubuta wa Shehu Sanda Kura wasika yana neman a taimaka masa kan zaluncin Rabih a Bagirmi .Daga nan aka umurci Shehu da ya mayar da martani yana mai yarda da damuwarsa a matsayin halas.Daga nan ya baiwa Gwarang izinin hada karfi da karfe da abokansa a Bornu domin duk su kai farmaki kan Rabih a Dikwa.Da wannan dalili na shari'a ne Faransawa tare da sojojin Shehu da na Gwarang suka kai hari kan Rabih suka kashe shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilun 1900 a Kusseri . Shehu Sanda Kura ya dora kansa a [[Dikwa]].Faransawa sun bukaci Shehu ya biya dalar [[Amurka]] 30,000 na Mariya Theresa a matsayin biyan “ayyukan su”. Shehu Kura,ko dai don godiya ko tsoro, ya aika da wakilai a duk fadin Bornu domin su tattara kudaden da aka nema.Bafaranshe ya ci gaba da neman Shehu ya kori [[Shuwa Arab|Larabawan Shuwa]] da ke yammacin [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]] zuwa cikin Kanem.Ana hasashen cewa Shehu ya yi zafi a kan Shuwa,wadanda da yawansu sun koma Rabih a 1893 kuma ko bayan rasuwarsa ya gwammace ya goyi bayan dansa Fadl-[[Allah]] a matsayin sarkin Bornu maimakon Umar Sanda Kura. Amma duk da wannan daci,Shehu ya fahimci muhimmancin Shuwa ga Bornu domin sun mallaki dukiya da shanu masu tarin yawa.Don haka Shehu ya ki korar Shuwa.Sai Faransawa suka mayar da martani,suka janye “Amman Sanda” a matsayin Shehu,suka kuma amince da dan uwansa [[Abubakar Garbai]] “mai saukin kai”.Daga nan sai aka yi wa Umar Sanda gudun hijira zuwa Kongo a watan Oktoba 1900 da Faransawa. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=215–242}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} p4c65qee2luxezslqyobuxmm8oxo819 891965 891964 2026-08-06T10:03:08Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} '''Shehu Umar Sanda ibn Ibrahim Kura al-Kanemi''' shi ne Shehun [[Borno]] daga shekarar alif dari tara da ashirin da biyu 1922 zuwa 1937.Shi ɗan [[Ibrahim Kura na Borno|Shehu Ibrahim Kura ne na Borno]] kuma dan uwan [[Abubakar Garbai|Shehu Abubakar Garbai]].<ref name="Palmer">Herbert Richmond Palmer, ''The Bornu Sahara and Sudan'' (London: John Murray, 1936), p. 269.</ref> == Mulkin Farko == [[Fayil:Shehu Sanda Kura in the 1920s.jpg|thumb|Sanda Kura]] A cikin shekara ta 1893,an kori [[Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi|daular al-Kanemi]] daga [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Bornu]] kuma mai bincike na Sudan Rabih az-Zubayr ya bar shi daga mulki.Daular ta yi mulkin Bornu kusan ƙarni daga 1810.Bayan rasuwar [[Kyarin Borno|Shehu Kiari]] da Rabih ya yi a shekara ta 1894,‘yan daular sun yi gudun hijira a duk fadin yankin.Wasu sun gudu zuwa [[Masarautar Kano]],wasu kuma zuwa [[Zinder|Damagaram]],wasu kuma sun buya a cikin babban birnin jihar Borno. Umar Sanda Kura ne ke jagorantar kungiyar a Damagaram wanda shi ne mafi girma kuma mafi muhimmanci.A farkon watan Fabrairun 1898,Kamfanin Royal Niger Company ya ba da rahoton gano Umar Sanda tare da mabiyansa su 670 a kan iyakar Damagaram da [[Kano]] suna neman taimakonsu kan Rabih.Turawan Ingila da suke kokarin ba Rabih hadin kai a maimakon haka suka yi biris da buƙatarsa.Daga baya dan’uwansa Abubakar Garbai ya hada shi da wani lokaci a ƙarshen 1898. === Yakin Kousséri === Umar Sanda a hukumance ya bukaci Faransawa su gane shi a matsayin sarkin Bornu kuma su taimake shi a kan Rabih lokacin da ya hadu da balaguron Foureau-Lamy a Begra.Faransawa sun amince da bukatarsa yayin da suka yi tunanin cewa ciniki ne mai kyau bayan sun shaida irin mutuntawa da kaunar da mutanen Bornu suke yi wa Sanda Kura.A cewar Foureau,dukkan jiga-jigan yankin na birnin Begra sun zo ne domin maraba da balaguron [[Faransa]],inda suka kawo kayan abinci tare da bayyana fatan Faransawa za su yi nasara wajen kawo karshen mulkin Rabih. An san Sanda Kura a matsayin Shehun Bornu a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1900 a gaban dimbin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=135–150}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 1900,Faransawa sun tattara sojojinsu a Kanem suna shirin yin tattaki zuwa [[Dikwa]] don fuskantar Rabih amma jami'in Emile Gentil ya gane cewa Dikwa yana cikin "Borno Jamus" maimakon "Borno [[Faransanci]]" wanda ke nufin tafiya zuwa Dikwa yana nufin cin zarafi na kasa da kasa.al'ada.Domin samun dalilin da ya sa a shari'a Gentil ya samu Gwarang Sarkin Bagirmi ya rubuta wa Shehu Sanda Kura wasika yana neman a taimaka masa kan zaluncin Rabih a Bagirmi .Daga nan aka umurci Shehu da ya mayar da martani yana mai yarda da damuwarsa a matsayin halas.Daga nan ya baiwa Gwarang izinin hada karfi da karfe da abokansa a Bornu domin duk su kai farmaki kan Rabih a Dikwa.Da wannan dalili na shari'a ne Faransawa tare da sojojin Shehu da na Gwarang suka kai hari kan Rabih suka kashe shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilun 1900 a Kusseri . Shehu Sanda Kura ya dora kansa a [[Dikwa]].Faransawa sun bukaci Shehu ya biya dalar [[Amurka]] 30,000 na Mariya Theresa a matsayin biyan “ayyukan su”. Shehu Kura,ko dai don godiya ko tsoro, ya aika da wakilai a duk fadin Bornu domin su tattara kudaden da aka nema.Bafaranshe ya ci gaba da neman Shehu ya kori [[Shuwa Arab|Larabawan Shuwa]] da ke yammacin [[Tabkin Chadi|tafkin Chadi]] zuwa cikin Kanem.Ana hasashen cewa Shehu ya yi zafi a kan Shuwa,wadanda da yawansu sun koma Rabih a 1893 kuma ko bayan rasuwarsa ya gwammace ya goyi bayan dansa Fadl-[[Allah]] a matsayin sarkin Bornu maimakon Umar Sanda Kura. Amma duk da wannan daci,Shehu ya fahimci muhimmancin Shuwa ga Bornu domin sun mallaki dukiya da shanu masu tarin yawa.Don haka Shehu ya ki korar Shuwa.Sai Faransawa suka mayar da martani,suka janye “Amman Sanda” a matsayin Shehu,suka kuma amince da dan uwansa [[Abubakar Garbai]] “mai saukin kai”.Daga nan sai aka yi wa Umar Sanda gudun hijira zuwa Kongo a watan Oktoba 1900 da Faransawa. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=215–242}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ptvhu8bd7zmgkop4bypr5b66xbp7z4u 0 58889 891827 877535 2026-08-06T01:35:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891827 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Stamp of Afghanistan - 1884 - Colnect 425225 - Cut Square 28 mm year 1298.jpeg|thumb|hton tambari mai lambobkn sauki]]   Wannan jerin taƙaitattu '''ne da ke da alaƙa da sanadin canjin yanayi''', daidaitawa da [[Rage canjin yanayi|ragewa.]]<ref>https://amp-dw-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/amp.dw.com/ha/2010-zuwa-2019-shekarun-zafi-a-duniya/a-51513996?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17538603113033&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Famp.dw.com%2Fha%2F2010-zuwa-2019-shekarun-zafi-a-duniya%2Fa-51513996%23amp_tf%3DFrom%2520%25251%2524s%26aoh%3D17538603113033%26referrer%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com</ref> == A == * ADP - Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Ad Hoc akan Dandalin Durban don Ƙarfafa Ayyuka * AGN - [https://africangroupofnegotiators.org/ Rukunin Masu Tattaunawa na Afirka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611160216/https://africangroupofnegotiators.org/ |date=2023-06-11 }} * APA - Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Ad Hoc akan Yarjejeniyar Paris <ref>Climate Dictionary, [https://www.climatedictionary.com/apa-ad-hoc-working-group-on-the-paris-agreement/ Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320180606/https://www.climatedictionary.com/apa-ad-hoc-working-group-on-the-paris-agreement/ |date=2023-03-20 }}</ref> * APP - Haɗin kai na Asiya-Pacific akan Ci gaban Tsabta da Yanayi * AR4 - Rahoton Kima na Hudu na IPCC (2007) * AR5 - Rahoton Kima na Biyar na IPCC (2014) * AR5 SYR - Rahoton Haɗin Kan AR5<ref>IPCC, [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014]</ref> * AR6 - Rahoton Kima na Shida na IPCC (an buga shi a ranar 9 ga Agusta 2021) * AWG-KP - Ƙungiya mai aiki na Ad Hoc akan ƙarin ƙaddamarwa don Ƙungiyoyin Annex I a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto * AWG-LCA - Ƙungiyar Aiki na Ad Hoc akan Ayyukan Haɗin kai na Dogon lokaci * AYCC - Ƙungiyar Matasan Yanayi na Australiya == B == * BAP - Shirin Ayyukan Bali == Nassoshi. == * C&C - Contraction & Convergence, a global CO<nowiki><sub id="mwKw">2</sub></nowiki> emissions management model promoted by the Global Commons Institute * CAIT - The World Resources Institute's Climate Data Explorer archive * CAPP - Climate Action Pacific Partnership ** CAPP II - Climate Action Pacific Partnership (CAPP) Conference II – 2018. ** CAPP III - Third meeting of the Climate Action Pacific Partnership Conference (29-30 April 2019). * CCA - Climate Change Agreement (UK) * CCAFS - Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Research Program. * CCAF - Climate Change Action Fund (Australia) * CCC - Committee on Climate Change (UK) * CCCEP - Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy * CCCR - Canada's Changing Climate Report * CCCS - Centre for Climate Change Studies, University of Dar es Salaam * CCF - The Scottish Government's [https://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/sustainability-climate-change/climate-challenge-fund/ Climate Challenge Fund] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130012356/https://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/sustainability-climate-change/climate-challenge-fund |date=2020-11-30 }} * CCIA - [https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/climate-projections/about/in-ccia/ Climate Change in Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303180614/https://climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/climate-projections/about/in-ccia/ |date=2021-03-03 }} * CC:iNet - Climate Change Information Network * CCL - Climate Change Levy (UK) * CCl₂F₂ - Dichlorodifluoromethane (greenhouse gas) * CCLS - [https://climateseries.com/ Cambridge Climate Lecture Series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611160216/https://climateseries.com/ |date=2023-06-11 }} * CCRA - Climate Change Risk Assessment {{Efn|Under the 2008 Climate Change Act the UK Government must publish a UK-wide Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) every five years.<ref>Climate Change Committee (2017), [https://www.theccc.org.uk/uk-climate-change-risk-assessment-2017/introduction-to-the-ccra/ Introduction to the CCRA], accessed 11 November 2022</ref>}} * CCS - Carbon Capture and Storage * CCUS - Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration * CDM - Clean Development Mechanism * CDP - Organisation formerly known as the Carbon Disclosure Project * CDR - Carbon dioxide removal * CER - Certified Emission Reduction * CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon * CFRF - [https://www.fca.org.uk/transparency/climate-financial-risk-forum Climate Financial Risk Forum] (UK) * CF₄ - Carbon tetrafluoride or tetrafluoromethane (greenhouse gas) * CGE - Consultative Group of Experts * CHClF₂ - Chlorodifluoromethane (greenhouse gas) * CH₄ - Methane * CINC - Interdepartmental Committee of Climate Negotiators * CLP - Carbon Literacy Project * CMA - Meeting of the Parties to the [[Yarjejeniyar Paris|Paris Agreement]] ** CMA1 - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016|First meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement]] (7-18 November 2016) *** CMA1.2 - The second part of the first session of the Conference of the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (6-17 November 2017) *** CMA1.3 - The third part of the first session of the Conference of the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (2-14 December 2018) ** CMA2 - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019|Second meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement]] (2–13 December 2019) ** CMA3 - Third meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (postponed to 1–12 December 2021) * CMIP - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ** CMIP5 - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 * CMP - Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of Parties to the Kyoto Protocol ** CMP9 - 9th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (11-23 November 2013) ** CMP10 - 10th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (1-12 December 2014) ** CMP11 - 11th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (30 November-12 December 2015) ** CMP12 - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016|12th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol]] (7-18 November 2016) ** CMP13 - 13th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (6-17 November 2017) ** CMP14 - 14th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (2-15 December 2018) ** CMP15 - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019|15th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol]] (2–13 December 2019) ** CMP16 - 16th meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (postponed to 1–12 December 2021) * CNZ - Carbon Net Zero * CO₂ - Carbon dioxide * CO₂-e - [[Matsakaicin dumamar yanayi|Carbon dioxide equivalent]], also CO₂-eq * CoM - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (Europe) * COP - Conference of the Parties [to the UNFCCC] ** COP1 - First UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (28 March to 7 April 1995) ** COP2 - Second UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (8-18 July 1996) ** COP3 - Third UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (1-10 December 1997) ** COP4 - Fourth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (2-14 November 1998) ** COP5 - Fifth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (25 October to 5 November 1999) ** COP6 - Sixth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (13–25 November 2000) ** COP6-bis - Resumed Session of COP6 (16-27 July 2001) ** COP7 - [[Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2001|Seventh UNFCCC Conference of the Parties]] (29 October - 10 November 2001) ** COP8 - Eighth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (23 October - 1 November 2002) ** COP9 - Ninth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (1-12 December 2003) ** COP10 - Tenth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (6-14 December 2004) ** COP11 - Eleventh UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (28 November - 9 December 2005) ** COP12 - Twelfth UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (6-17 November 2006) ** COP13 - 13th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (3-15 December 2007) ** COP14 - 14th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (1-12 December 2008) ** COP15 - 15th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (7-18 December 2009) ** COP16 - 16th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (29 November - 10 December 2010) ** COP17 - 17th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (28 November - 11 December 2011) ** COP18 - 18th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (26 November - 6 December 2012) ** COP19 - 19th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (11-23 November 2013) ** COP20 - 20th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (1-12 December 2014) ** COP21 - 21st UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (30 November-12 December 2015) ** [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016|COP22]] - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016|22nd UNFCCC Conference of the Parties]] (7-18 November 2016) ** COP23 - 23rd UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (6-17 November 2017) ** COP24 - 24th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (2-15 December 2018) ** [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019|COP25]] - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2019|25th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties]] (2-13 December 2019) ** COP26 - 26th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (1-12 November 2021) ** COP27 - 27th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (6-18 November 2022) ** COP28 - 28th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, scheduled for November 2023 in the United Arab Emirates <ref>[[Time Out Dubai]], [https://www.timeoutdubai.com/news/cop-28-uae-to-take-place-at-expo-city-dubai COP 28 climate change event to take place at Expo City Dubai], published 23 June 2022, accessed 29 October 2022</ref> ** COP29 - 29th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, 2024, proposed venue is Australia <ref>The Australia Institute, [https://australiainstitute.org.au/report/cop29-in-australia/ COP29 in Australia], published 6 May 2022, accessed 29 October 2022</ref> ** COP30 - anticipated 2025 UNFCCC Conference of the Parties,<ref name="etc">UN Climate Change Conference UK 2021, [https://ukcop26.org/focus-of-energy-transition-council-etc/ Focus of Energy Transition Council (ETC)], published 4 November 2021, accessed 29 October 2022</ref> to take place in [[Belém]], Brazil.<ref>Reuters, [https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-says-un-confirmed-amazonian-city-belem-cop30-host-2023-05-26/ Brazil says UN confirmed Amazonian city of Belem as COP30 host], published 26 May 2023, accessed 8 August 2023</ref> * CORSIA - Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation * CPA - Carbon Pricing Act (Singapore) * CPRS - Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (Australia) * CRC - CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme, formerly Carbon Reduction Commitment (UK) * CREWS - Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems <ref>[[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs]] (France), [https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/climate-and-environment/crews-climate-risk-and-early-warning-systems/ Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems], accessed 9 August 2020</ref> * CRU - Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia * CRU TS - Climatic Research Unit Time Series datasets <ref>University of East Anglia, [https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/ High-resolution gridded datasets (and derived products)], accessed 20 May 2020</ref> * CSA - [https://csa.guide/ Climate-Smart Agriculture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722102601/https://csa.guide/ |date=2023-07-22 }} * CVF - Climate Vulnerable Forum == D == * DECC - Sashen Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi (Birtaniya), yanzu Sashen Kasuwanci, Makamashi da Dabarun Masana'antu == E == * ECI - Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] * ETC - Majalisar Canjin Makamashi <ref name="etc"/> * ETS - Tsarin Kasuwancin Fitarwa * ETSWAP - Tsarin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kayan Aiki Aiki Aiki wanda Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Burtaniya ke gudanarwa. == F == * FAR - Rahoton Ƙimar Farko na IPCC (1990) * F-gas - Fluorinated gas * FICER - [https://keith.seas.harvard.edu/FICER Asusun don Ƙirƙirar Yanayi da Binciken Makamashi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611160219/https://keith.seas.harvard.edu/FICER |date=2023-06-11 }} * FOLU - gandun daji da sauran amfanin ƙasa * FFF - Juma'a don Gaba == G == * GCF - Asusun Yanayi na Green * GCoM - Yarjejeniyar Duniya na Magajin Gari don Yanayi da Makamashi <ref name="GCoM">European Commission, [https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/energy-efficiency/urban-areas/covenant-mayors Covenant of Mayors], EU Science Hub, published 8 July 2019, accessed 10 October 2020</ref> * GHG - Gas na Gas * GtC - Gigaton na carbon * GWP - [[Matsakaicin dumamar yanayi|yuwuwar dumamar yanayi]] == H == * HadCM3 - Samfurin Haɗaɗɗen Cibiyar Hadley, sigar 3 * HadGEM - Samfurin Muhalli na Duniya na Cibiyar Hadley ** HadGEM1 - * HCFC - Hydrochlorofluorocarbon * HFC - Hydrofluorocarbon == I == * ICLEI - Majalisar Duniya don Ƙaddamar da Muhalli na gida * IKI - Ƙaddamar yanayi na Ƙasashen Duniya ( German </link> ), <ref>Bundesumweltministerium, [https://www.bmuv.de/pressemitteilung/internationales-foerderprogramm-fuer-ngos-iki-medium-grants-startet-vierten-ideenwettbewerb-fuer-projekte-in-entwicklungslaendern Internationales Förderprogramm für NGOs: IKI Medium Grants startet vierten Ideenwettbewerb für Projekte in Entwicklungsländern], published 6 April 2023, accessed 10 August 2023</ref> wani shiri na Gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus <ref>United Nations, [https://forest-finance.un.org/content/international-climate-initiative International Climate Initiative]{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, published 10 March 2021, accessed 10 August 2023</ref> * IPCC - [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Kwamitin Tsakanin gwamnatoci kan Canjin Yanayi]] ** IPCC-50 - Taron IPCC na 50 (2019) * [https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/ IPCC-NGGIP] - Shirye-shiryen Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Gas Gas na IPCC * [https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/PUB100271.pdf TS EN ISO 1406x Series] - Matsayin ISO don rage canjin yanayi * [https://www.iso.org/standard/68507.html TS EN ISO 14090: 2019] Matsayin TS ISO don daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi - Ka'idoji, buƙatu da jagororin * [https://www.iso.org/standard/68508.html TS EN ISO 14091] Daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi - Sharuɗɗa game da rauni, tasiri da ƙimar haɗari * [https://www.iso.org/standard/68509.html TS EN ISO 14092] Daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi - Bukatu da jagora kan shirye-shiryen daidaitawa ga ƙananan hukumomi da al'ummomi == J == * JI - Yin Haɗin gwiwa * KLD - Ma'aikatar Yanayi da Muhalli ( ''Klima- og miljødepartementet'' ), Norway <ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dep/kld/id668/ Klima- og miljødepartementet]</ref> == L == * LCDI - Ƙananan Ci gaban Carbon Indonesiya <ref>Pangestu, M., [https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2018/09/24/insight-new-development-pathway-for-indonesia.html Insight: New development pathway for Indonesia], [[Jakarta Post]], 24 September 2018, accessed 23 July 2020</ref> * LDCF - Asusun Ƙasashe Mafi Ƙarfafa <ref name="LDCF">United Nations, [https://www.un.org/ldcportal/least-developed-countries-fund-ldcf/ Least Developed Countries Fund], LDC Portal, accessed 22 July 2020</ref> * LECBP - Shirye-shiryen Gina Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfafawa <ref>UNDP (2011), [https://www.adaptation-undp.org/partners/low-emission-capacity-building-programme-lecbp Low Emission Capacity Building Programme]</ref> * LEDS - Dabarun Ci Gaban Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa * LSCE - Laboratoire des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, Faransa * LULUCF - Amfani da ƙasa, canjin amfanin ƙasa, da gandun daji == M == * MCC - Cibiyar Nazarin Mercator akan Kasuwancin Duniya da Canjin Yanayi, Berlin * MPGCA - [[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016|Haɗin gwiwar Marrakech don Ayyukan Yanayi na Duniya]] * MoCC - Ma'aikatar Sauyin Yanayi (Pakistan) * MoEFCC - Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Daji da Sauyin yanayi (Indiya) * MOP1 - Taro na farko na Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (28 Nuwamba - 9 Disamba 2005) * MOP2 - Taro na 2 na Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (6-17 Nuwamba 2006) * MOP3 - Taro na 3 na Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (3-15 Disamba 2007) * MOP4 - Taro na 4 na Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (1-12 Disamba 2008) * MOP5 - Taro na 5 na Ƙungiyoyin Yarjejeniyar Kyoto (7-18 Disamba 2009) * MWE/CCD - [http://ccd.go.ug/ Sashen Canjin Yanayi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612200142/https://ccd.go.ug/ |date=2023-06-12 }} na Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli (Uganda) == N == * NAMA - Ayyukan Rage Dace Na Ƙasa * NAPA - Shirye-shiryen Daidaitawa na Kasa na Ayyuka * NAZCA - Yankin Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Jiha don Ayyukan Yanayi * NC - Sadarwa ta kasa (a karkashin [[yarjejeniyar Paris]] ) <ref name="NC">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, [https://unfccc.int/non-annex-I-NCs National Communication submissions from Non-Annex I Parties], accessed 8 November 2020</ref> * NDC - Gudunmawar Ƙirarriya ta Ƙasa * NECIA - Ƙimar Tasirin Tasirin Yanayi (Amurka) <ref>[[Union of Concerned Scientists]], [https://climateshift.com/downloads/northeast/executive-summary-necia.pdf Confronting Climate Change in the U.S. Northeast: Executive Summary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611160216/https://climateshift.com/downloads/northeast/executive-summary-necia.pdf|date=2023-06-11}}</ref> * N ₂ O - Nitrous Oxide * NRSP - Portal ƙaddamar da rahotanni na ƙasa <ref name="NC" /> == O == * _O3 - Ozone == P == * PATPA - [https://www.transparency-partnership.net/ Haɗin gwiwa kan Bayyanawa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Paris] * P-CAN - Cibiyoyin Ayyukan Yanayi na Yanayi, haɗin gwiwar Burtaniya tsakanin masu binciken jami'a da jama'a, masu zaman kansu da na uku a magance canjin yanayi, da nufin hanzarta da ci gaba da sauyawa zuwa ƙananan carbon, al'umma mai tsayayya da yanayi ta hanyar kirkirar kwamitocin yanayi na gida.<ref>[[Queen's University Belfast]], [https://daro.qub.ac.uk/P-CAN-climate-change-John-Barry Queen's Academic joins £3.5M Research Network to support UK transition to a low-carbon economy], published 1 February 2019, accessed 11 May 2020</ref> * PCD - Petersberg Tattaunawar Yanayi ** PCD X - Petersberg Tattaunawar Yanayi 10 (13-14 Mayu 2019)<ref>Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit, [https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Download_PDF/Europa___International/petersberger_klimadialog_x_agenda.pdf Petersberg Climate Dialogue X: Agenda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513082430/https://www.bmu.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Download_PDF/Europa___International/petersberger_klimadialog_x_agenda.pdf |date=2019-05-13 }}</ref> ** PCD XI - Petersberg Tattaunawar Yanayi (27-28 Afrilu 2020) * PFC - Perfluorocarbon * PIK - Cibiyar Nazarin Tasirin Yanayi ta Potsdam (Jamusanci: ) == S == * SAR - Rahoton Kima na Biyu na IPCC (1995) * SB <ref name="SB52">United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, [https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/message_to_parties_and_observers_postponement_of_sbs52.pdf Information regarding SB 52], issued 22 June 2020, accessed 20 July 2020</ref> * SB 56 - Taron Canjin Yanayi na Bonn, zama na 56 na ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 6 zuwa 16 <ref>[https://unfccc.int/SB56 About the Bonn Climate Change Conference], accessed 10 June 2022</ref> Yuni 2022 * SBI - Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru don Aiwatarwa ** SBI 46 - Taro na shida da shida na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru don Aiwatar da (8-18 Mayu 2017) ** SBI 47 - Zaman Arba'in da Bakwai na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru don Aiwatarwa (6-15 Nuwamba 2017) ** SBI 52 - Zama na hamsin da biyu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don Aiwatarwa (an jinkirta zuwa 2021) <ref name="SB52" /> * SBSTA - Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru don Shawarar Kimiyya da Fasaha * SBTi - [https://sciencebasedtargets.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/SBTi-criteria.pdf Ƙirƙirar Maƙasudin Ƙirar Kimiyya] {{Efn|A target is "science-based" if it is in line with the scale of reductions needed to keep the global temperature increase below 2°C above pre-industrial temperatures.<ref>Rickard, G., [https://www.carbontrust.com/news-and-events/insights/what-exactly-is-a-science-based-target What exactly is a science-based target?], Carbon Trust, published 17 September 2019, accessed 4 August 2021</ref>}} * SCCF - Asusun Canjin Yanayi na Musamman * SDA - [https://sciencebasedtargets.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/A-Quick-Guide-to-the-Sectoral-Decarbonization-Approach.pdf Hannun Ƙarfafawa na Sashe] * SDGs - Manufofin Ci gaba Mai Dorewa * SECR - Tsarin Rahoton Makamashi da Ingantaccen Carbon (Birtaniya) * SF ₆ - Sulfur hexafluoride * SRCCL - Rahoton Musamman akan Canjin Yanayi da Ƙasar IPCC * SRES - Rahoto na Musamman akan Yanayin Fitowa na IPCC * SR15 - Rahoton Musamman na IPCC akan Dumamar Duniya na 1.5 °C * SSP - Tafarkin Tattalin Arziki na Rarraba == T == * TACC - Hanyar yanki don Canjin Yanayi * TAR - Rahoton Kima na Uku na IPCC (2001) * TCCC - Taron Canjin Yanayi na Tarawa * TCFD - Rundunar Task Force akan Bayyanar Kuɗi masu alaƙa da yanayi <ref>[https://www.fsb-tcfd.org/ Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures]</ref> * tCO2 - Tonnes na carbon dioxide daidai * TD - Tattaunawar Talanoa * TFI - Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories <ref>IPCC, [https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/tfi/ Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories], accessed 16 May 2020</ref> == U == * UKCIP - Ƙungiyoyin ladabtarwa da yawa waɗanda aka fi sani da Shirin Tasirin Yanayi na Burtaniya, wanda ke tushen Cibiyar Canjin Muhalli a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] * UKCP - Hasashen Yanayi na Burtaniya <ref>[[Met Office]], [https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration/ukcp/index UK Climate Projections (UKCP)]</ref> ** UKCP09 - Hasashen Yanayi na Burtaniya 2009 ** UKCP18 - Hasashen Yanayi na Burtaniya 2018 <ref>Met Office, [https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration/ukcp/about About UKCP18], accessed 29 May 2020</ref> * UKHACC - [http://www.ukhealthalliance.org/ Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Burtaniya akan Canjin Yanayi] * UN CC: Koyi - [https://unccelearn.org/ Haɗin gwiwar Koyo Canjin Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya] * UNEP - Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * UNFCCC - Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin yanayi * USCAP - Haɗin gwiwar Ayyukan Yanayi na Amurka == W == * WCI - Ƙaddamar da Yanayin Yamma * WCRP - Shirin Binciken Yanayi na Duniya * WGI - [https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg1/ Rukunin Aiki na I na IPCC], wanda ke kimanta kimiyyar jiki na canjin yanayi * WGII - [https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg2/ Rukunin Aiki na II na IPCC], wanda ke kimanta raunin tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da na yanayi ga canjin yanayi. * WGIII - [https://www.ipcc.ch/working-group/wg3/ Rukunin Aiki na III na IPCC], wanda "ya mayar da hankali kan rage sauyin yanayi, tantance hanyoyin da za a rage fitar da iskar gas, da kuma kawar da iskar gas daga sararin samaniya". * WIM - Tsarin Warsaw na Duniya don Asara da Lalacewa mai alaƙa da Tasirin Canjin Yanayi <ref>United Nations, [https://unfccc.int/topics/adaptation-and-resilience/workstreams/loss-and-damage/warsaw-international-mechanism Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM)], accessed 21 November 2022</ref> * WMO - Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya * WRI - Cibiyar Albarkatun Duniya * 4CMR - Tsohuwar [https://www.4cmr.group.cam.ac.uk/ Cibiyar Cambridge don Binciken Rage Canjin Yanayi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194752/https://www.4cmr.group.cam.ac.uk/ |date=2021-11-02 }} == Abin lura == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == 5rost04q1zluban6ein4z3nirrcassm 0 59297 891679 314933 2026-08-05T13:08:47Z Baffa ali 47435 891679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kogin San Nicolas kogi''' ne dake united a jihar Guam wanda ke yankin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Sannan labarin kasa kubibiyi wannan 13.311306°N 144.67278°E . {{Stub}} == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} 77o22nr2b7nsed97ds64m9a9mbgpksi 0 59630 891855 801992 2026-08-06T05:22:12Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hujja}} [[Fayil:Raindeer at the Ice Age Centre.jpg|thumb|Hoton cibiyar kankara]] [[Fayil:Ice Age Centre first floor.jpg|thumb|hoton cibiyar kaankara]]   {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Ice Age''' (Estonian) gidan kayan gargajiya ne da aka sadaukar don fahimtar shekarun ƙanƙara, wanda ya ke acikin ƙauyen Äksi, Tartu County, Estonia. Gidan kayan gargajiya yana bada ilimi game da asali da haɓakar shekarun ƙanƙara daban-daban, gami da tasirin su akan yanayin ƙasa,rayuwar dabbobi, da mutane, tareda mai da hankali na musamman kan tasirin sabon lokacin ƙanƙara akan abin da yake a yau [[Istoniya|Estonia]]. An bawa cibiyar kyautar Mafi kyawun Sabon Wurin Yawon shakatawa a Estonia acikin 2012. == Game da Cibiyar == === Wurin da yake === Cibiyar tana cikin ƙauyen Aksi, abakin tekun Saadjärv, acikin gundumar Tartu,tafiyar awa biyu daga [[Tallinn]],babban birnin Estonia. Ana zaune akan dukiyar tafki, ƙaramin gidan zoo da wurin shakatawa da ke kusa. Ɗaya daga cikin National Geographic "Yellow Windows" yana kusa da Cibiyar Ice Age,yana jaddada muhimmancin wannan yankin ga masu yawon buɗe ido,don gano Kudancin Estonia.An san yankin da zamanin kankara da tatsuniyoyin Kalevipoeg na Estonia. === Nuni === Cibiyar Ice Age nune-nunen mu'amala ne,yana amfani da bene uku na nishaɗin ilimi.Gaba ɗaya an tsara shine ga yara, amma akwai ayyukan ga baƙi na kowane zamani. A bene na farko,baƙi zasu koyi game da shekarun ƙanƙara da dabbobi da suka rayu a lokacin,gami da mammoth mai laushi. Da yake shiga zauren baje kolin,baƙo ya fara ganin mammoth na zamanin ƙanƙara. A kewaye da mammoths akwai diorama, wani yanki na yanayi wanda suka taɓa rayuwa acik. Irin wannan al'umma ta samo asaline a Estonia bayan narkewar ƙanƙara. A nan baƙi zasu iya sanin dabbobi masu girman rayuwa kuma su fuskanci hangen nesa game da yadda duniya da yanayin Estonia suka bunƙasa acikin dubban shekaru. Zaku kuma koyi yadda mutane suka saba a lokacin zamanin ƙanƙara. Yara zasu sami damar yin gwaji tare da ƙanƙara, gami da filin wasa wanda aka tsara a matsayin kogo na zamanin ƙanƙara. bene na biyu yana bincika tasirin shekarun kankara a kan shimfidar wurare na Estonia, gami da alamun su a cikin tatsuniyoyi. A nan za a gabatar da baƙo ga tarihin yanayin Estonia da mazaunin ɗan adam bayan zamanin kankara na ƙarshe. Tsakanin wannan tarihin yanayi na bayan glacial shine labarun bincike na masana kimiyya, wanda "bayani" ke taimaka wa baƙo ya karanta da fahimtar alamun a cikin shimfidar wurare da al'adun al'adun gargajiya. Fasali na uku yana da ra'ayi game da makomar-za'a sami wani zamanin kankara? Shin mutane suna bada gudummawa ga hakan ta hanyar tasirin canjin yanayi? Menene sawun muhalli na mai halarta? Zasu kuma haɗu da wani beyar polar mai girman gaske, Franz. === Shirye-shiryen Ilimi === Ana bada shirye-shiryen nazarin muhalli daga kungiyoyin makarantar sakandare zuwa waɗanda suka kammala karatun sakandare. Bada baƙi ƙwarewar ƙwarewa na Saadjärv suna faruwa (akan jirgin ruwa alokacin rani, a kan ƙanƙara acikin hunturu), ana kama dabbobi masu ƙwayoyin cuta kuma ana gano su, kuma ana yin wasu ayyukan ban sha'awa da ilimi a waje da cikin gida. Darussan makarantar sakandare da makarantar farko suna maida hankali kan wasa.Misali: * saba da yanayin ƙasa ("Ta yaya toboggan ya gudana?"), * lura da daidaitawar dabbobi ga yanayi, * sanin jihohin ruwa guda uku, dabbobi da wuraren zama, * sanin dabbobin da suka rayu a zamanin kankara kuma su kwatanta su da da dabbobi na zamani ("Shin mammoth giwa ne mai gashi?"Rashin amfani da shi Ga tsofaffin ɗalibai, an mai da hankali kan ilmantarwa mai aiki, wanda ke rufe batutuwa masu zuwa: * "Tsohon kankara - wani bangare ne na ci gaban Duniya" (tsarin kankara, tarihin ci gaban ƙasa, yanayin kankara da rayuwar ɗan adam), * "Labarin yanayin Estonia - ci gaban halittu bayan zamanin kankara" (canjin yanayi, lokutan yanayi), * "Heritage na kankara a saman Estonia" (babban duwatsu, siffofi), * "Post-Ice Age Nature and Man in Estonia" (canjin yanayi a yankunan Estonia da yanayi, daidaitawa da kwayoyin halitta, kafa mazaunan mutane), * "Shin kun san Vooremaa?" (tsarin ƙasa, muhalli, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwar wakilci a Turai, matsayi). === Sauran Ayyuka === Cibiyar kuma tana ba da tafiye-tafiye a kan Tafkin Saadjärv. Masu jagorantar da ke ba da labari game da yanayin Tafkin Saadjärv, kafa Vooremaa da kuma manyan ayyukan jarumin kasa Kalevipoeg ne ke sarrafa jirgin. Yin amfani da tabarau na gaskiya, baƙi na iya nutsewa cikin "Mystical Primitive Sea," na daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kuma suna fuskantar rayuwar da ta taɓa zama a yankunan Estonia, kamar manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe, trilobites masu ƙarfi, manyan masu cin nama, [[kunama]] na teku da nautiloids. Har ila yau, akwai shirin [[Kirsimeti]] na ilimi game da rayuwar dabbobi a cikin hunturu kuma, ba shakka, Santa Claus. Sauran abubuwan na musamman (taron, ranar haihuwar) za a iya shirya su ta hanyar tsari. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 2004, ra'ayin kirkirar cibiyar baƙi a cikin garin Tartu kusa da Saadjärv, wanda zai janyo hankalin baƙi zuwa yankin, amma kuma zai zama mai ba da ilimin yanayi. Tunanin ya fito ne daga Makarantar Halitta ta Saadjärv da darakta na lokacin, Asta Tuusti . "Nunawar ta gabatar da shekarun kankara a cikin tarihin duniya, al'adun kankara a wurarenmu da namun daji, kuma ta gabatar da yiwuwar nan gaba a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi, "in ji Tuusti. "Äksi wuri ne mai dacewa da cibiyar zamanin kankara. Yankin da ke kewaye da shi tare da zagaye, tabkuna da duwatsu gado ne na zamanin kankara. " Al'ummar karkara ta Tartu da magajin gari, Aivar Soop, sun goyi bayan manufar kuma, tare da hadin gwiwar al'umma, an kirkiro baje kolin, gabatar da shekarun kankara a cikin tarihin duniya, al'adun kankara a wuraren Estonian da namun daji, da kuma yiwuwar nan gaba a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi. "Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wata karamar hukuma ta yi alkawarin kafa irin wannan babban cibiyar ilimi ta musamman", in ji Tuusti. Dukan yankin yana amfana daga dubban masu yawon bude ido da ke ziyartar Cibiyar a kowace shekara. Cibiyar ta kai kimanin Yuro miliyan 4, wasu daga cikinsu tallafi ne daga Asusun Ci gaban Yankin Turai.<ref name="maaleht" /> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * <nowiki>https://www.visitestonia.com/en/ice-age-centre-jaaaja-keskus-</nowiki> ''Shafin yanar gizon Ziyarar Estonia'' * [http://www.polarmuseum.info/ Gidan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221182547/http://polarmuseum.info/ |date=2023-02-21 }} kayan gargajiya na Arctic - St Petersburg, Rasha * ScienceMuseum.org.uk (SMG) - ƙungiyar gidajen tarihi na Burtaniya waɗanda suka haɗa da Gidan Tarihin Kimiyya * [http://www.volcanoes.co.nz/ Cibiyar Ayyukan Volcanic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405083949/http://www.volcanoes.co.nz/ |date=2023-04-05 }} - New Zealand * [https://english.bre.museum.no/ Gidan Tarihi na Glacier da Canjin Yanayi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326015855/https://english.bre.museum.no/ |date=2023-03-26 }} - Norway [[Category:Sauyin Yanayi]] lfc91hhlwi2nh5hinykqu8x4pbtp6di 0 61096 891846 575973 2026-08-06T04:34:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Jimmy Vesey and Mark Milley (26344997116) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|Jimmy Vesey]] '''James Michael Vesey''' (an haife shi a watan Mayu 26, 1993) ƙwararren [[Winger (Hockey kankara)|ɗan]] [[Ice hockey|wasan ƙwallon ƙanƙara]] ne na hagu na [[New York Rangers]] na [[National Hockey League]] (NHL). Ya taba bugawa [[Buffalo Sabers]], [[Toronto Maple Leafs]], [[Vancouver Canucks]] da [[New Jersey Devils]] . [[Nashville Predators]] ya zabe shi a zagaye na uku, 66th gabaɗaya, na [[Tsarin Shigar NHL na 2012|Tsarin Shigar da NHL na 2012]] . Vesey ya lashe [[Hobey Baker Award|kyautar Hobey Baker Award]] a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sabres.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=886551 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-date=2016-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902002406/http://sabres.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=886551 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'ar wasa == === Kwaleji === Vesey ya buga shekaru hudu tare da [[Hockey na maza na Harvard Crimson|Jami'ar Harvard]] a cikin [[Kwalejin ice hockey|NCAA]] . [[North Reading, Massachusetts|Karatun Arewa]], ɗan asalin Massachusetts ya gama aikinsa na kwaleji tare da maki 144 (maƙasudin 80, taimakon 64) a cikin wasannin 128 kuma an ba shi suna ECAC Player of the Year bayan kakar 2014–15. <ref name="SABRES ACQUIRE RIGHTS TO VESEY">https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160852/http://ecachockey.com/men/2014-15/News/20151903_Hobey_Finalists</ref> A cikin ƙaramin shekararsa, fitaccen wasan Vesey ya sami lada tare da zaɓi na sama-10 don [[Hobey Baker Award|lambar yabo ta Hobey Baker]] . A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2015, an sanya sunan Vesey zuwa Hobey Hat Trick, 'yan wasan karshe na 3 don kyautar, tare da [[North Dakota Fighting Hawks wasan hockey na maza na kankara|Jami'ar North Dakota]] [[Zane McIntyre]] da [[Jami'ar Boston Terriers wasan hockey na maza|Jami'ar Boston]] [[Jack Eichel]], tare da Eichel ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar. A cikin 2016, Vesey ya sake cancanta ga Hobey Hat Trick, tare da [[Hockey na maza na Michigan Wolverines|Michigan Wolverine]] 's [[Kyle Connor]] da [[Kolejin Boston Eagles na maza na wasan hockey na kankara|Boston College]] 's [[Thatcher Demko]], wannan lokacin yana ci gaba da lashe lambar yabo ta Hobey Baker A Afrilu 8, 2016. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe</ref> == Kwarewa == [[Fayil:New York Rangers at Seattle Kraken - October 21, 2023 - Oliver Bjorkstrand, K'Andre Miller and Jimmy Vesey (53283036794).jpg|thumb|Jimmy Vesey]] [[Nashville Predators]] ya zaɓi Vesey a zagaye na 3rd tare da zaɓi na 66 na gaba ɗaya na [[Tsarin Shigar NHL na 2012]] . Vesey ya yi kyau sosai ga babban manajan Nashville [[David Poile]] don ba da garantin babban matsayi don ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2015–16 na yau da kullun da wasannin. Amma Vesey ya sanar da Predators cewa baya sha'awar sanya hannu. Vesey ya so ya zaɓi inda zai nufa, wanda kowane ɗan makaranta zai iya yin shekaru huɗu daga lokacin da aka tsara su. <ref>https://nypost.com/2023/02/01/jimmy-vesey-has-found-home-with-rangers-on-second-go-around/</ref> Matakin na Vesey ya zo ne a matsayin cikas ga ƙungiyar Predators. Koyaya, hakanan yana cikin iyakokin Yarjejeniyar Bayar da Kuɗi ta NHL, wanda ke ba ƙungiyoyin shekaru huɗu don sanya hannu kan ɗaliban kwaleji don haka ba da damar ɗan wasan da aka tsara ya ƙaura zuwa hukumar kyauta jim kaɗan bayan babban shekararsa. A kan Maris 30, 2016, kusan watanni biyar kafin a kafa shi bisa hukuma don zama wakili na kyauta, an ruwaito cewa Vesey zai shiga tare da tawagar garinsa, [[Boston Bruins]]. Duk da haka, waɗannan rahotannin ba su ƙare su zama gaskiya ba A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2016, [[Buffalo Sabers]] sun sami haƙƙin Vesey daga Predators don musanya zaɓe na zagaye na uku a cikin [[Tsarin Shigar NHL na 2016|Tsarin Shigar da NHL na 2016]] An yi yarjejeniyar ne domin a bai wa Sabers ƙarin wasu 'yan makonni na keɓance haƙƙin yin shawarwari tare da Vesey kafin ya zama wakili mai 'yanci. Duk da haka, wakilin Vesey ya sanar da ESPN cewa har yanzu yana da niyyar zama wakili na kyauta. Yayin da tattaunawa tare da Sabers ya ci gaba, ba a kulla yarjejeniya ba kuma bisa ga [[Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta Ƙungiyar NHL|NHL CBA]], Vesey ya zama wakili na kyauta mara izini a kan Agusta 16. <ref>https://www.prohockeyrumors.com/2021/10/new-jersey-devils-sign-jimmy-vesey.html</ref> == New York Rangers (2016-2019) == A kan Agusta 20, 2016, Vesey ya sanya hannu tare da [[New York Rangers]]. Bayan halartar sansanin horo, Vesey ya sami lambar yabo ta Lars-Erik Sjöberg, wanda aka ba wa mafi kyawun Rangers 'rookie a sansanin. A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2016, Vesey ya ci burin sa na farko na NHL a nasarar 7–4 akan [[San Jose Sharks]] . <ref>https://nypost.com/2022/09/26/jimmy-vesey-is-a-different-player-in-his-rangers-comeback/</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2017, a wasa da [[Boston Bruins]], Vesey ya zira kwallaye 2 a cikin dakika 29. Wannan shi ne adadin mafi sauri da dan wasan Rangers ya ci tun lokacin da [[Jaromír Jágr]] ya yi haka a cikin dakika 26 a cikin 2006. A karshe Rangers ta yi nasara a wasan da ci 4-2. A kan Maris 12, 2018, Vesey ya yi rikodin aikinsa na farko na NHL hat a wasan da suka yi da [[Carolina Hurricanes|Hurricanes Carolina]], wanda Rangers ya ci 6–3. <ref>https://www.si.com/nhl/2016/08/15/jimmy-vesey-nhl-free-agent-likely-team-to-get-him</ref> == Buffalo Sabers (2019-2020) == [[Fayil:New York Rangers at Seattle Kraken - October 21, 2023 - gourde misconduct Ryan Lindgren (53283037384).jpg|thumb|Jimmy Vesey a cikin yan wasa]] A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, Sabers sun sake samun Vesey a musayar wani zaɓi na zagaye na uku ta hanyar ciniki tare da Rangers. Wannan shi ne karo na farko a wasanni masu kwarewa da aka yi cinikin dan wasa zuwa kungiya daya tare da diyya sau biyu. A cikin [[2019-20 NHL|2019-20]] kakar, Vesey ya kasa ƙara da m naushi da ake tsammani ga Sabres, aika wani aiki low 9 a raga da 20 maki a cikin 64 wasanni, kafin a soke sauran na yau da kullum kakar saboda [[Annobar cutar covid-19|COVID-19 cutar]] == Toronto Maple Leafs da Vancouver Canucks (2020-2021) == A matsayin wakili na kyauta daga Sabres, Vesey ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda, $900,000 ta [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2020. A cikin jinkirin cutar ta [[2020-21 NHL kakar|2020-21]], Vesey da farko ya bayyana don Maple Leafs akan layi na biyu tare da [[John Tavares]] da [[William Nylander]] kafin ya koma cikin rawar gaba na ƙasa-shida, yana ba da gudummawa tare da burin 5 da maki 7 ta hanyar wasanni 30. A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2021, [[Vancouver Canucks]] ya yi iƙirarin cire Vesey daga Toronto, wanda ke nuna alamar kulob din NHL na huɗu a cikin yanayi uku. Vesey ya buga wasanni na yau da kullun na 20 tare da Canucks, yana tattara taimako na 3, yayin da ƙungiyar ta rasa wasannin<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160902002407/http://www.thehockeynews.com/blog/vesey-met-with-seven-teams-discussing-options-thursday-what-can-each-team-offer/</ref> == Aljanun New Jersey (2021-2022) == A matsayin wakili na kyauta daga Canucks, a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2021, an sanya hannu kan Vesey zuwa [[Kwangilolin hockey|kwangilar gwaji na ƙwararru]] (PTO) ta [[New Jersey Devils]]. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2021, Vesey ya rattaba hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda, $800,000 ta shaidan, wanda ya nuna alamar kulob din NHL na biyar a cikin yanayi hudu. Vesey ya buga wasanni 68 tare da Shaidanun, da kwallaye takwas<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Hockey_League</ref> == Komawa ga Rangers (2022-yanzu) == Bayan ba a sanya hannu ba a cikin hukumar kyauta, Vesey ya amince da sharuɗɗa da Rangers a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2022. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin gwaji, tare da Rangers sun yi niyyar amfani da shi a matsayin mai tsaron gida a layinsu na hudu. A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, Rangers sun rattaba hannu kan Vesey zuwa kwangilar shekara guda. A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2023, ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragin zama tare da Rangers na wasu shekaru biyu. <ref>https://www.espn.com/nhl/story/_/id/35377845/rangers-sign-jimmy-vesey-2-year-extension-2024-25</ref> == Wasannin kasashen duniya == Vesey ya lashe lambar zinare yayin da yake taka leda a kungiyar kananan yara ta Amurka a [[Gasar Cin Kofin Kankara ta Duniya ta 2013]] kuma ya dauki lambar tagulla a matsayin babban kungiyar a [[2015 IIHF World Championship|Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2015 IIHF]] . <ref name="SABRES ACQUIRE RIGHTS TO VESEY3">http://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/nhl/nolan-vesey-toronto-maple-leafs-edmonton-oilers-1.4699035</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mahaifinsa, [[Jim Vesey]], [[St. Louis Blues]] ne ya tsara shi a zagaye na takwas na [[1984 NHL Shigar Draft|1984 NHL Entry Draft]], yana ci gaba da buga wasanni na 15 a cikin [[National Hockey League|Ƙungiyar Hockey ta Kasa]] ; yana aiki a matsayin ɗan leƙen asirin Toronto Maple Leafs. <ref name=":0">https://www.si.com/nhl/2015/11/27/jimmy-vesey-matt-grzelcyk-harvard-boston-university-hockey</ref> Kanin Jimmy Nolan an tsara shi ta [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] a cikin [[Tsarin Shigar NHL na 2014]]. An yi cinikin shi a watan Yuni 2018 zuwa [[Edmonton Oilers]] kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar matakin shiga tare da su. <ref>https://nypost.com/2022/09/26/jimmy-vesey-is-a-different-player-in-his-rangers-comeback/</ref> Girma, Vesey ya kasance abokai tare da [[Tsarin Shigar NHL na 2012|2012 NHL Entry Draft]] pick [[Matt Grzelcyk]] . Su biyun sun fara haduwa ne tun suna kusan shekara shida, suna wasan hockey tare don wata kungiya mai suna Middlesex Islanders. Mahaifin Vesey ne ya horar da 'yan tsibirin. Hakazalika dukansu sun halarci [[Makarantar Belmont Hill]] a [[Belmont, Massachusetts]], kuma sun yi wasan hockey tare a can. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Rayan|first1=Connor|title=Reenergized Grzelcyk embraces captaincy with Terriers|url=https://dailyfreepress.com/blog/2014/10/09/reenergized-grzelcyk-embraces-captaincy-with-terriers/|access-date=November 5, 2018|publisher=The Daily Free Press|date=October 9, 2014|quote=After playing high school hockey with Vesey at Belmont Hill School in Belmont, Grzelcyk, just 16 years old at the time, made the move out to Ann Arbor, Michigan, to join the USA Hockey National Team Development Program}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] aui6vnk3avkz4octd5qhb90yo8vzwqr 0 62083 891675 467060 2026-08-05T13:02:17Z Baffa ali 47435 891675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Jamhuriyar''' Turkiyya (wanda kuma aka sani da "Gini na biyu na Turkiyya", {{Lang-tr|Cumhuriyet Müzesi}} </link>) wani gidan tarihi ne a [[Ankara|birnin Ankara]] na [[Turkiyya|ƙasar Turkiyya,]]<nowiki/>wanda ya kasance ginin majalisar dokokin Turkiyya daga 1924 zuwa 1960. Sannan an bude shi a shekara ta 1981 .{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} evuc3fj9ryxuo9jo4bwslj7u6eqt2gj 0 62645 891870 879887 2026-08-06T05:30:47Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Hsinchu, wanda a da aka fi sani da Shinchiku a lokacin mulkin [[Japan]], birni ne da ke arewa maso yammacin Taiwan. Shi ne birni mafi yawan jama'a a Taiwan wanda ba birni na musamman ba ne, wanda aka kiyasta mazauna 450,655. Hsinchu birni ne na bakin teku da ke iyaka da mashigin Taiwan zuwa yamma, gundumar Hsinchu a arewa da gabas, da gundumar Miaoli a kudu. Ana yi masa lakabi da garin iska saboda tsananin damina a arewa maso gabas a lokacin kaka da lokacin hunturu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346|title=中華民國 內政部戶政司 全球資訊網|last=中華民國內政部戶政司|date=1 May 2018|website=中華民國內政部戶政司|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=7 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507110703/https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346|url-status=dead}}</ref> Asalin yankin 'yan asalin Taiwan ne na Austronesiya ne suka zaunar da shi, inda 'yan gudun hijira na Hoklo suka sanya wa mazaunin suna "Tek-kham". An kafa birnin Han 'yan kasar Sin ne suka kafa shi a shekara ta 1711, kuma sun canza masa suna zuwa Hsinchu a shekarar 1878. A zamanin Jafananci, birnin shi ne wurin zama na lardin Shinchiku, mai suna birnin. Lardin ya ƙunshi Birni da gundumar Hsinchu na yanzu, da kuma ɗaukacin Taoyuan da Miaoli. Bayan mulkin ROC a cikin 1945, an shirya yankin biranen Hsinchu a matsayin birni na lardi. {{stub}} ==Hotuna== <gallery> </gallery> ==Manazarta== Cikakken bayani kan Hsinchu Hsinchu (Sinanci: 新竹市), wanda a lokacin mulkin Japan ake kira Shinchiku, birni ne da ke arewa maso yammacin ƙasar Taiwan. Yana daga cikin muhimman biranen Taiwan, kuma ya shahara a duniya saboda ci gabansa a fannin fasaha da masana'antar kera kwakwalwan kwamfuta (semiconductors). Saboda yawan iska da ke kadawa daga Tekun Taiwan, ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da "Birnin Iska" (The Windy City). Matsayin ƙasa Hsinchu yana bakin tekun Mashigin Taiwan (Taiwan Strait). Yana iyaka da: Gundumar Hsinchu daga arewa da gabas. Gundumar Miaoli daga kudu. Tekun Taiwan daga yamma. Birnin yana da faɗin kusan 104 km², kuma yawan jama'arsa ya zarce 450,000. Tarihi An fara samun matsuguni a yankin tun ƙarni na 18 lokacin da 'yan ƙaura daga lardin Fujian na ƙasar Sin suka zauna a wurin. A shekarar 1723 aka kafa ƙauyen da daga baya ya bunƙasa zuwa gari. A shekarar 1895, bayan Yaƙin Sino–Japan na farko, Japan ta karɓi ikon Taiwan. A wannan lokaci aka sauya sunan Hsinchu zuwa Shinchiku, aka kuma gina tituna, layukan dogo, makarantu da gine-ginen gwamnati. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a shekarar 1945, Taiwan ta koma ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Sin (Republic of China), sannan aka mayar da sunan birnin zuwa Hsinchu. Tattalin arziki Babban abin da ya sa Hsinchu ya yi suna shi ne kasancewar Hsinchu Science Park, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1980 domin bunƙasa fasaha. Wannan cibiyar ta zama gida ga kamfanoni masu ƙera: Kwamfutoci. Kayan sadarwa. Na'urorin lantarki. Kwakwalwan kwamfuta (Semiconductors). Fasahar zamani. Saboda haka, ana kwatanta Hsinchu da Silicon Valley na Amurka. Ilimi Hsinchu cibiyar ilimi ce mai muhimmanci. Daga cikin manyan jami'o'in da ke cikinta akwai: National Tsing Hua University National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Waɗannan jami'o'i suna gudanar da bincike a fannonin kimiyya, injiniya, likitanci da fasahar sadarwa. Al'adu da wuraren tarihi Hsinchu yana da wuraren tarihi masu yawa, ciki har da: Hsinchu City God Temple – ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin haikalai mafi daraja a Taiwan. East Gate of Hsinchu – ƙofar tsohon katangar birni da aka gina tun zamanin Daular Qing. Gidajen tarihi da wuraren nune-nunen al'adun gargajiya. Yanayi Birnin yana da yanayin zafi mai ɗan laushi (humid subtropical climate). Lokacin bazara yana da zafi da ruwan sama, yayin da damina ke da sanyi mai sauƙi. Iska mai ƙarfi daga teku tana kadawa a mafi yawan lokutan shekara. Sufuri Hsinchu yana da ingantaccen tsarin sufuri: Layin dogo na Taiwan. Titunan mota masu saurin tafiya. Tashoshin motocin haya da na bas. Tashar jirgin ƙasa mai saurin tafiya (High-Speed Rail), wadda ke haɗa Hsinchu da manyan biranen Taiwan. Abinci Hsinchu ya shahara da: Taliyar [[shinkafa]] (Rice noodles). Kwallayen nama (Meatballs). Abincin teku. Kayan marmari da kayan gargajiya na Taiwan. Muhimmanci A yau Hsinchu yana daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin fasaha a duniya. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauran kayayyakin zamani da ake amfani da su a wayoyin hannu, kwamfutoci, motoci da sauran na'urorin lantarki. Haka kuma, birnin yana haɗa ilimi, binciken kimiyya, masana'antu da yawon buɗe ido, abin da ya sa yake ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi tasiri a tattalin arzikin Taiwan. 7btvwep4dltpu7hdh5kclaffnk5s26n 0 63453 892006 440148 2026-08-06T10:26:29Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alice Lougee Hagemeyer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1934) kurma ce ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ta Ba'amurke wacce ta yi aiki don samar da ɗakunan karatu ga kurame.Ta sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Gallaudet a 1957.Daga 1957 zuwa 1991 ta yi aiki a Laburaren Jama'a na Gundumar Columbia.<ref name="deafpeople1" />A shekara ta 1974 ta ƙirƙiri makon wayar da kan kurame,wanda daga baya ake kira Makon Gadon Kura,wanda a cikinsa ake gudanar da shirye-shirye game da al'adun kurame a ɗakunan karatu.Ta zama Babban Laburare na Jama'a na Gundumar Columbia na cikakken lokaci "Ma'aikacin Laburare don Al'umman Kurame" a cikin 1976.<ref name="deafpeople1" />Haka kuma a shekarar 1976,ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyyar Laburare daga Jami’ar Maryland.A cikin 1979 ta fara The Red Notebook,wanda ya kasance mai ɗaukar bayanai ta kuma game da kurame don ɗakin karatu na Martin Luther King Memorial.<ref name="deafpeople1" />A cikin 2001 bayanin ya shiga kan layi,akan gidan yanar gizon da ake kira "The Red Notebook."<ref name="deafpeople1" />A cikin shekarar 1980 ta kafa sashin da aka fi sani da Sabis na Laburare ga Mutanen da ke Kurame ko Hard of Ji Forum,wanda yanki ne a cikin Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Amurka.<ref name="tumblr1" />A cikin 1986 ta haɗu da Abokan Labura don Ayyukan Kurame,wanda ya zama sashe na hukuma na Ƙungiyar Kurame ta ƙasa a cikin 1992.<ref name="deafpeople1" />Ta kuma kasance shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafa ta kuma ta fara yunkurin ganin an amince da ita daga Maris 13 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu a matsayin Watan Tarihin Kura na Ƙasa a Amurka. <ref name="Hagemeyer" /> A shekara ta 2006 Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Ƙasa ta bayyana cewa za su gane wannan lokacin a matsayin Watan Tarihin Kurame na Ƙasa. <ref name="tumblr1" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 88d73ww5sw50ufzka1pgwts1bsm3qyo 0 63575 892082 498562 2026-08-06T11:29:36Z Baffa ali 47435 892082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Laslo - Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen.jpg|thumb|charlotte sexe]] [[Fayil:Charlotte Amalie of Saxe-Meiningen.jpg|thumb|charlotte ta saxe]] {{{databox}}{{stub}} * Bärbel Raschke:''Charlotte Amalie Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen (daga 1730 harzuwa 1801).Leben und Wirken im Kontext westeuropäischer und deutscher Aufklärung.''A cikin: ''Faransa 2''.Bd. ranar 25 ga watan Nuwamba, 1999, ,S. 69-103. * Ingeborg Titz-Matuszak und Peter Brosche(Hrsg.):''Das Reisetagebuch 1807 der Herzogin Charlotte Amalie von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg''. Thüringisches Staatsarchiv Gotha, Gotha 2003(=Reihe:''Schriften des Thüringischen Staatsarchivs Gotha'' . Bd.1.). ==Farkon Rayuwa== [[Fayil:Johann Heinrich Schröder - Herzogin Charlotte Amalie von Sachsen-Meiningen.png|thumb|Gimbiya Charlotte ta Saxe-Meiningen]] An haifi Princess Charlotte a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1751. Ita ce 'yar fari da kuma 'yar Anton Ulrich, Duke na Saxe-Meiningen da matarsa ta biyu, Landgravine Charlotte Amalie na Hesse-Philippsthal . Charlotte 'yar'uwar Charles William, Duke na Saxe-Meiningen da George I, Duke na saxe-Meeningen ce. ==Aure== [[Fayil:Ziesenis - Maria Charlotte Amalie von Sachsen-Gothaund Altenburg - Gemäldegalerie.jpg|thumb|Gimbiya Charlotte ta Saxe-Meiningen]] Charlotte ta auri Ernest, Yarima na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (daga baya Duke na Saxe - Gotha-Aldenburg), ɗan Frederick III, Duke na Saxes-Gotha - Altenburg da matarsa Luise Dorothea na Saxe, a ranar 21 ga Maris 1769 a Meiningen. Charlotte da Ernest suna da 'ya'ya hudu:<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_of_Saxe-Meiningen</ref> ==Manazarta== 3l3ba1v51w9x1kigfy7oz1b8o3btyvh 0 64150 891941 498468 2026-08-06T08:21:58Z Baffa ali 47435 891941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg|thumb|aryabhata]] {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} Aryabhatta ya ambata a [[Ciki|cikin]] ''Aryabhatiya'' [[Cemal Gürsel|cewa]] yana da shekaru 23 a [[Duniya 300|duniya]] 3,600 a cikin ''Kali Yuga'',amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa an rubuta nassin a lokacin ba. Wannan shekarar da aka ambata ta yi daidai da 499&nbsp;CE,kuma yana nuna cewa an haife shi a shekara ta 476. Aryabhatta ya kira kansa dan asalin Kusumapura ko Pataliputra(Patna na yanzu,[[Bihar]]). Suna da addini kamar haka Hinduism .{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 89hyc3b32thnlogk31qkj5x80t6r27f 0 64454 891818 794973 2026-08-06T00:40:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jennifer Allen''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1961) marubuciya ce kuma mai sharhi a Amurka. Ta yi aiki a NFL Network da kuma 'yar jarida a talabijin. Ita 'yar kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ce George Allen kuma 'yar'uwar ɗan siyasa George Allen da kuma babban jami'in ƙwallon ƙafa Bruce Allen . == Yaro == Allen ta girma 'ya ɗaya tilo kuma ƙaramar ɗa ga ƙwararren kocin ƙwallon ƙafa George Allen . Tana da 'yan'uwa uku. George Allen tsohon Sanata ne na Amurka kuma Gwamnan Virginia . Bruce shi ne shugaban kuma babban manaja na Washington Redskins kuma a baya babban manaja na Tampa Bay Buccaneers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2004 |title=Bucs Name Bruce Allen General Manager |url=http://www.buccaneers.com/news/article-1/Bucs-Name-Bruce-Allen-General-Manager/35C1BC18-906A-403D-91B7-FBF750DE4889 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224061156/http://www.buccaneers.com/news/article-1/Bucs-Name-Bruce-Allen-General-Manager/35C1BC18-906A-403D-91B7-FBF750DE4889 |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> Greg ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ne. Mahaifiyar Allen ta fito ne daga ƙasar Faransa Tunisiya kuma asalinta Bayahude ne daga Sephardic, wanda ya zama matsala a yakin neman sake zaɓen ɗan'uwanta a majalisar dattawa a Virginia a shekarar 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2006 |title=Allen's Mother Revealed Jewish Heritage to Him Last Month |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/20/AR2006092001965.html |access-date=August 25, 2014 |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> == Littattafai == Allen ita ce marubucin littattafai uku, tarin gajerun labarai, ''Better Get Your Angel On'' da kuma tarihin rayuwarta, ''Fifth Quarter: The Scrimmage of a Football Coach's Daughter'', tana kwatanta yarintarta a matsayin 'yar koci da kuma dangantakar da iyalinta ke da ita da membobin Los Angeles Rams da Washington Redskins da mahaifinta ya horar; da kuma marubucin ''Hōkūle'a, Mālama Honua, A Voyage of Hope,'' tarihin tafiyar duniya ta jirgin ruwa na Hawaii, ''Hōkūleʻa'', wanda ake amfani da shi ba tare da kayan aikin zamani ba. Patagonia, Inc. ne ya buga ''Mālama Honua'' a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patagonia Malama Honua: Hokule'a – A Voyage of Hope by Jennifer Allen (Hardcover book) |url=https://www.patagonia.com/product/malama-honua-hokule-a-a-voyage-of-hope-by-jennifer-allen-hardcover-book/BK782.html }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=Hōkūleʻa's Voyage of Hope: Part 5, from Patagonia Books |url=http://www.hokulea.com/hokuleas-voyage-hope-part-5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608142824/https://www.hokulea.com/hokuleas-voyage-hope-part-5/ |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> Mālama Honua, wacce ke nufin "kula da Duniya", 'yar Hawaiian, ta rubuta labaran mutanen asali da masu kare muhalli a ƙasashe da jihohin tsibirai a faɗin duniya. A shekarar 2018, littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Masu Buga Littattafai Masu Zaman Kansu Nau'i: Yanayi da Muhalli, Kyautar Zinare don rubutun muhalli mara almara. Hakanan ya sami lambar yabo ta Azurfa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Buga Littattafai Masu Zaman Kansu don Littafin Teburin Kofi da kuma lambar yabo ta Gabatarwa ta Indies Book Award a cikin rukunin Ecology and Environmental. Pat Conroy ya kira ''Fifth Quarter'' "mafi kyawun littafi game da ƙwallon ƙafa da na taɓa karantawa—kuma Jennifer Allen ba ta taɓa yin wani abin kunya a rayuwarta ba." A cikin ''Jaridar Washington Post'', Jonathan Yardley ya sake duba littafin, yana mai cewa a cikin rubutawa game da mahaifinta, ta "haskaka ruhinsa na ciki kuma tana ba mu ba kawai kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ba har ma da ɗan adam." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yardley |first=Jonathan |date=October 21, 2000 |title=Book World |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/10/12/book-world/b24ac15e-a148-4f5f-afb1-434485071c7f/ |website=Washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Labarin ya ƙunshi ikirarin cewa George ya riƙe ta a ƙafafunta a kan [[Niagara Falls]], ya bugi saurayinta a kai da alamar wurin waha, ya jefa ɗan'uwansa Bruce ta wata ƙofar gilashi mai zamewa, ya buge ɗan'uwansa Gregory, ya karya ƙashin wuyansa, sannan ya ja Jennifer sama da gashinta. A cikin littafin, ta rubuta, "George yana fatan wata rana ya zama likitan haƙori... George ya ce yana ganin likitan haƙori a matsayin cikakkiyar sana'a—ana biyansa albashi don ya wahalar da mutane." <ref name="page22" /> A watan Mayu na 2006, Allen ta kammala wasu daga cikin ikirari da aka yi a cikin littafin. Dangane da lamarin da ya faru a wurin wanka, ta yi ikirarin cewa abin dariya ne kuma "Allen kawai tana gwada motsin saurayinta ne." Dangane da maganar likitan hakori, Allen ta yi iƙirarin cewa littafin "sabon labari ne na baya" kuma an rubuta shi ne daga hangen wata ƙaramar yarinya "wadda 'yan'uwa maza da mata da uba mafi girma a duniya suka kewaye ta." Ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da ɗan'uwanta kuma ta lura cewa George ya raka ta a kan hanya a bikin aurenta. == Sana'a == Daga 2004 zuwa 2010, Allen ta ba da gudummawa ga NFL Network a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a kan iska, tana mai da hankali kan rayuwar masu horarwa da iyalai a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL). A watan Janairun 2006, ta tattauna yadda korar babban mai horarwa ke shafar iyalan kocin, inda ta dogara da sharhinta kan abubuwan da ta fuskanta lokacin da aka kori mahaifinta. Tun daga shekarar 1996, ta kuma yi ta ba da labarai da rahotanni lokaci-lokaci a NFL Films, ciki har da shirin " Fearsome Foursome " na 2012 na ''A Football Life'' . Allen ta ba da gudummawar labarai ga ''Mujallar New York Times'', ''George'', ''Play'', ''Rolling Stone'', ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', da ''The New Republic'' . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2008)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An kuma rubuta tarihin aikin jarida nata a cikin littafin "Dinner, New Year's Eve, 1968," wanda ya bayyana a cikin ''Football, Great Writing About the National Sport'' . "Boys! Give Me Boys!" ya bayyana a cikin ''Because I Said So: Mothers 33 Write About Children, Sex, Men, Aging, Imani, Gence, and Themselves'', wanda Camille Peri da Kate Moses suka shirya kuma HarperCollins suka buga a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Because I Said So |url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/because-i-said-so-kate-mosescamille-peri?variant=32122892222498 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers}}</ref> An buga "Euro Disney: A Postcard" a cikin ''littafin Paris In Mind: Stories, Essays, and Reflections on the City of Paris'', wanda Jennifer Lee ta shirya kuma Vintage Books ta buga a 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paris in Mind |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/99300/paris-in-mind-by-jennifer-lee/ |publisher=Penguin Random House}}</ref> Allen, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar New York (NYU), ya koyar da rubuce-rubuce na almara da na almara a NYU, Kwalejin Connecticut, Kwalejin Bennington, da Jami'ar California, San Diego . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mh4v2pznn7c1p60k80gn3jstafy30ry 0 64550 891705 362144 2026-08-05T13:49:44Z Baffa ali 47435 891705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dayotchanculle Oswald Upamecano''' (an haife shi ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na ƙungiyar Bundesliga Bayern Munich da ƙungiyar Faransa ta ƙasa.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1998]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] om1dr3vjj1ksjtjsx800p7qlbki0isz 891706 891705 2026-08-05T13:50:18Z Baffa ali 47435 891706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dayotchanculle Oswald Upamecano''' (an haife shi ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na ƙungiyar Bundesliga Bayern Munich da ƙungiyar Faransa ta ƙasa.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1998]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] d5di47okip1kpvqyt26hyuy2nc8ehux 0 64647 891804 846869 2026-08-05T23:06:56Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vinícius de Souza Costa''' (An haife shi 17 ga [[Yuni]] 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Sheffield United. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1999]] Cikakken bayani kan Vinícius Souza Vinícius de Souza Costa, wanda aka fi sani da Vinícius Souza, ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Brazil. An haife shi a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1999 a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kare baya (defensive midfielder). A halin yanzu yana bugawa ƙungiyar VfL Wolfsburg ta Bundesliga a Jamus. Rayuwarsa ta farko Vinícius Souza ya fara sha'awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Flamengo a shekarar 2014, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai har ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar. Aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa Flamengo (2019–2020): Ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Flamengo a shekarar 2019, inda ya taimaka wajen lashe manyan kofuna. Lommel SK (2020–2023): Daga nan ya koma ƙungiyar Lommel SK ta Belgium. KV Mechelen (aro): Ya yi zaman aro a wannan ƙungiya kuma ya buga wasanni masu kyau. Espanyol (aro): Ya koma Espanyol ta Spain, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya masu kare baya. Sheffield United (2023–2025): Ya buga gasar Premier League ta Ingila, inda ya yi fice saboda ƙwazon kare tsakiya. VfL Wolfsburg (2025–): Ya koma Wolfsburg a Bundesliga kuma yana ci gaba da taka muhimmin rawa a ƙungiyar. Salon wasansa Vinícius Souza ya shahara da: Ƙwace ƙwallo daga abokan hamayya. Kare gaban masu tsaron baya. Ƙarfin jiki da juriya. Daidaitaccen bayar da ƙwallo da fara kai hari daga tsakiya. Karanta wasan cikin sauri da katse hare-haren abokan hamayya. Nasarori Yayin da yake Flamengo, ya lashe: Copa Libertadores (2019) Campeonato Brasileiro Série A (2019) Recopa Sudamericana (2020) Supercopa do Brasil (2020) Campeonato Carioca (2019 da 2020) Rayuwar ƙasa da ƙasa Ya taɓa wakiltar ƙungiyar matasan Brazil ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 (Brazil U20), wanda ya ƙara masa gogewa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Takaitawa Vinícius Souza yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya masu kare baya na Brazil. An san shi da ƙoƙari, ƙarfin jiki, da iya katse hare-haren abokan hamayya. Ya taka leda a Brazil, Belgium, Spain, Ingila, sannan yanzu yana ci gaba da haskakawa a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus tare da VfL Wolfsburg. p2xhzrhg5d3qwevy3py09xz6qmfpbpw 0 64664 891893 514660 2026-08-06T06:07:09Z Baffa ali 47435 891893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 Maris 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 9mkomtjm4igwwfau7qfvzwnk6nsd9o1 891894 891893 2026-08-06T06:07:34Z Baffa ali 47435 891894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] anseqww9oxqdu0f4t8nnwoatx7y9lw9 891895 891894 2026-08-06T06:07:59Z Baffa ali 47435 891895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa.{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] imvg735is4y29esyxx8jfxkf4vq91dt 891896 891895 2026-08-06T06:09:24Z Baffa ali 47435 891896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa. Wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin kilo 70 .{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ajpnpsilty6rmxz5glmvzdi0a7efkbe 891897 891896 2026-08-06T06:11:08Z Baffa ali 47435 891897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa. Wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin kilo 70 sannan lambar bayan sa yana goya 19{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] bxcy74eds7jimucr7jxndsyhl6tqpnd 891898 891897 2026-08-06T06:12:57Z Baffa ali 47435 891898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa. Wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin kilo 70 sannan lambar bayan sa yana goya 19 wanda kuma tsayin sa yakai 185cm .{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 6x9b8j9x6blqdrxlfcrrhyl79ejwg7l 891899 891898 2026-08-06T06:14:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard, Brentford F.C. footballer, May 2022.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] [[Fayil:Christian Nørgaard 3 - HSV.jpg|thumb|Christian Nørgaard]] '''Christian Nørgaard''' Christian Thers Nørgaard (an Haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1994) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Danish wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida don ƙungiyar Premier League Brentford da Denmark na ƙasa. Wanda nauyinsa ya kai kimanin kilo 70 sannan lambar bayan sa yana goya 19 wanda kuma tsayin sa yakai 185cm . sannan matsayin sa yakai mai buga ƙwallon tsakiya .{{stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 3xbvlf54h44zslcxpq8iwrnr8z76rsc 0 64751 891737 503832 2026-08-05T18:45:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacqueline Muna Musiitwa''' Lauya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ƙwararriya kan harkokin kasuwanci na Afirka, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar darektar ''hada-hadar kuɗi ta Deepening Uganda'', wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta [[Uganda]] wacce ke da nufin sauƙaƙa samar da sabis na kuɗi mai araha ga wani yanki mai fa'ida kuma mai haɗaka na Uganda. da yawan jama'a.<ref name="1R">{{cite web|url=http://fsduganda.or.ug/ |title=About Financial Sector Deepening Uganda (FSD Uganda) |publisher=Financial Sector Deepening Uganda |author=FSD Uganda |date=2019 |access-date=22 February 2019 |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web |url=http://fsduganda.or.ug/profiles/jacqueline-musiitwa/ |title=FSD Uganda: Jacqueline Musiitwa |publisher=Financial Sector Deepening Uganda |author=FSD Uganda |date=2019 |access-date=22 February 2019 |format=Cached from the original |location=Kampala |archive-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212234016/http://fsduganda.or.ug/profiles/jacqueline-musiitwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An nada ta a wannan matsayi a watan Yuni 2017.<ref name="3R">{{cite web| url=https://www.society-search.com/news/article?id=349 |title=FSD Uganda recruits new Executive Director |publisher=Society Global Search |author=Society Global Search |date=15 June 2017 | access-date=22 February 2019 |location=London}}</ref> Ta bar FSD Uganda a watan Fabrairun 2019.<ref name="4R">{{cite web| url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Jacqueline-Muna-Musiitwa-profile/434746-4973518-mfty5r/index.html |title=Goals, drive keep Musiitwa at the top |newspaper=[[The EastAfrican]] | date=9 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019 | first=Bamuturaki |last=Musinguzi |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Ilimi == Musiitwa ta sami digiri na farko, a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyyar Siyasa]] da Nazarin Duniya, daga Kwalejin Davidson, a Davidson, [[North Carolina]], Amurka, ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2003.<ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R"/><ref name="5R">{{cite web| url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacquelinemusiitwa/#experience-section |title=Jacqueline Musiitwa: International Lawyer | publisher=[[LinkedIn]] |date=2019 |access-date=22 February 2019 | author=Jacqueline Musiitwa}}</ref> Ta koma Jami'ar Melbourne, a [[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya, inda ta kammala karatu daga can tare da digiri na Juris Doctor a shekara ta 2006. Ta kuma samu Diploma a Legal Practice, ta samu daga Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Australiya, [[Kanberra|Canberra]].<ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R"/><ref name="5R"/> Ta kuma sami horon zartarwa na shari'a da kasuwanci daga (a) Kwalejin Hague na Dokokin Ƙasa da Ƙasa (Takaddun shaida a Dokokin Duniya masu zaman kansu, a cikin shekarar 2009), (b) a Makarantar Kasuwancin Oxford Said (Shirin Fellowship Archbishop Tutu, a cikin shekarar 2011) da (c) ) a Makarantar Gwamnati ta Harvard Kennedy (Ilimi mai zartarwa a cikin Nazarin Manufofin Jama'a, a cikin shekara ta 2012).<ref name="5R"/> == Sana'a == Jacqueline Musiitwa cikin wanda ya kafa kuma mai gudanarwa na kungiyar Hoja Law Group, tare da ofisoshi a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] da [[Kigali]], wanda aka kafa a 2008.<ref name="5R"/><ref name="6R">{{cite web |url=https://www.ictsd.org/about-us/jacqueline-muna-musiitwa |title=Jacqueline Muna Musiitwa: Founder and Managing Partner, Hoja Law Group |publisher=International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) |author=ICTSD |access-date=22 February 2019 |location=Geneva |date=2018 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226130304/https://www.ictsd.org/about-us/jacqueline-muna-musiitwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a baya, na kusan shekaru biyu, a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga shugaban [[Bankin Ciniki da Raya Kasa|Bankin Ciniki da Ci gaba]], wanda ke [[Nairobi]], Kenya. Kusan shekaru biyu kafin wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga babban darektan [[Kungiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya|hukumar kasuwanci ta duniya]] kan harkokin kasuwanci, haɗewar tattalin arziki da gudanar da harkokin duniya.<ref name="5R"/><ref name="6R"/> Daga watan Satumban 2010 har zuwa Nuwamba 2011, Musiitwa ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga ma'aikatar shari'a ta Rwanda da ofishin babban mai shigar da kara na ƙasar Rwanda, kan batutuwan da suka shafi kasuwanci da zuba jari.<ref name="5R"/><ref name="6R"/> == Sauran abubuwa == Ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Ruwanda. Ita mamba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara kan manufofin kuɗi na kwamitin bankin Zambia. Ita kuma mamba ce ta Crisis Action, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da nufin kare fararen hula daga rikicin makami. Ms Musiitwa kwararriya ce a harkokin kasuwanci na [[Afirka]].<ref name="3R"/><ref name="6R"/> == Duba kuma == * Sylvia Tamale * Barbara Ntambirweki * Zahara Nampewo * Stella Nansikombi Makubuya == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] gof1g5q329rc5nwuxjh2itobu7jxtmn 0 65033 891690 416269 2026-08-05T13:21:32Z Baffa ali 47435 891690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Santiago Giménez''' Santiago Tomás Giménez (lafazin Mutanen Espanya: [sanˈtjaɣo toˈmas xiˈmenes]; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke buga wasan gaba don ƙungiyar Eredivisie Feyenoord. An haife shi a Argentina, yana wakiltar tawagar ƙasar Mexico. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] adv2f406ec53dipg68bmt5de9bkscne 0 65702 891995 529497 2026-08-06T10:19:33Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kure Kura''' Ibn Abdullahi ya kasance Sarki na [[Daular Kanem-Bornu|Kanem]]. An kuma kashe shi a yaƙin da aka yi da Sao. Yana daya daga cikin ‘ya’yan [[Abdullahi I|Abdullahi na daya]] su hudu da aka kashe a yayin yakin Sao. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Sarakunan Daular Kanem]] ka4i807x1h83a3y5dp4zgx3vaxw6fmb 0 65898 891842 835493 2026-08-06T04:07:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jillian Beryl Adler''' née '''Smidt''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Janairu 1951 a [[Johannesburg]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/o/Organization/GA/GA-Santiago/candidatesCV/ICMI/ICMIAdler.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae, Professor Jill Adler|publisher=Mathunion.org|accessdate=18 October 2017|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004931/http://www.mathunion.org/o/Organization/GA/GA-Santiago/candidatesCV/ICMI/ICMIAdler.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Farfesa ce a fannin Ilimin Lissafi na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a Jami'ar Witwatersrand kuma Shugabar Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Koyarwa ta Lissafi (2017-2020). Ayyukan Adler sun mayar da hankali kan koyarwa da koyan ilimin lissafi musamman a azuzuwan harsuna da yawa. == Sana'a da tasiri == An haifi Jill Adler a [[Johannesburg]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mathunion.org/icmi/activities/awards/the-hans-freudenthal-medal-for-2015/|title=International Mathematical Union (IMU): The Hans Freudenthal Medal for 2015|website=www.mathunion.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018192143/http://www.mathunion.org/icmi/activities/awards/the-hans-freudenthal-medal-for-2015/|archive-date=2017-10-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Ta samu digiri na farko da na biyu a Jami'ar [[Witwatersrand]].<ref name=":0"/> A halin yanzu, tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ilimin Lissafi a Jami'ar Wits kuma a matsayin Shugabar Hukumar Kula da Lissafi ta Duniya (2017-2020).<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://africabusinesscommunities.com/news/international-maths-body-appoints-south-african-professor-jill-adler-president.html|title=International Maths Body appoints South African Professor, Jill Adler, President|work=Africa Business Communities|access-date=2017-10-18|language=nl-NL}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ayyukan Adler sun mayar da hankali kan koyarwa da koyan ilimin lissafi musamman a azuzuwan harsuna da yawa da kuma haɓaka ƙwararrun malaman makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/education/research/jill-adler---sarchi-chair-in-mathematics-education/|title=Jill Adler – SARChI Chair in Mathematics Education – Wits University|last=Johannesburg|first=The University of the Witwatersrand|website=www.wits.ac.za|language=en|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019003510/https://www.wits.ac.za/education/research/jill-adler---sarchi-chair-in-mathematics-education/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tana da ƙimar A, mafi girma mai yiwuwa, daga Gidauniyar Bincike ta Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/research/distinguished-researchers/|title=Distinguished Researchers - Wits University|last=Johannesburg|first=The University of the Witwatersrand|website=www.wits.ac.za|language=en|access-date=2017-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528144617/http://www.wits.ac.za/research/distinguished-researchers/|archive-date=2018-05-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga shekarun 2009 zuwa 2014 Farfesa Adler farfesa ce mai ziyara a Kwalejin King [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/jill-adler(f593ba9c-dfe9-4174-a39d-30968d8751be).html|title=Professor Jill Adler|last=King's College London|date=2015|access-date=18 October 2017|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413165152/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/jill-adler(f593ba9c-dfe9-4174-a39d-30968d8751be).html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assaf.org.za/index.php/about-assaf/members|title=Members|website=www.assaf.org.za|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == * ICMI Hans Freudenthal Medal (2015)<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 0hflhctl0dmtv7xw7n42es6su8fkirh 0 66198 891685 657591 2026-08-05T13:17:55Z Baffa ali 47435 891685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.''' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://japanairlines-jal.com/japan-airlines-safety-measures-to-prevent-the-spread-of-covid-19/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-02 |archive-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116082924/https://japanairlines-jal.com/japan-airlines-safety-measures-to-prevent-the-spread-of-covid-19/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>shine mai jigilar tutar Japan. JAL tana da hedikwata a Shinagawa, Tokyo. Babban wurarenta shine filin jirgin saman Narita na Tokyo da filin jirgin saman Haneda, da filin jirgin sama na Kansai na Osaka da Filin jirgin saman Itami. Sannan an kirkire shi a shekara ta 1951 . == Nazari == <references />{{Stub}} agxcb3homhcz11k12ma9fn5pmf7ezt5 0 66897 891891 543986 2026-08-06T06:05:33Z Baffa ali 47435 891891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Graphophone by Columbia Phonograph Company 1897.jpg|thumb|Columbia Graphophone Company]] '''Columbia Graphophone Co. Ltd'''. ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin wayar gramophone a Ƙasar [[Ingila]]. An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 1917 a matsayin wani yanki na Kamfanin Hoto na Columbia na Amurka, ya zama kamfani mai zaman kansa mallakar Birtaniyya a cikin 1922 a cikin siyan gudanarwa bayan kamfani na iyaye ya shiga karɓar karɓa.<ref>http://www.45cat.com//record/db9175</ref> An kirkire shine ranar 13 ga watan fabareru shekara ta1917 . == Nazari == <references />{{Stub}} b48s4qnfrtug2etfqatjw7vx6ef7vmw 0 67315 891796 440942 2026-08-05T22:31:52Z Baffa ali 47435 891796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rikicin cikin gida''' Ya yi fice a [[Najeriya]] kamar yadda ake yi a wasu sassan Afirka. Akwai imani mai zurfi na al'adu a Najeriya cewa yana da yarda a cikin al'umma a buga mace a matsayin matakin ladabtarwa. Laifukan 'da ke faruwa a cikin gida na karuwa da kuma babu alamun raguwa a Najeriya ba tare da la'akari da shekaru, kabila, addini, ko ma matsayin zamantakewa ba. [https://cleen.org/ Gidauniyar CLEEN] ta ba da rahoton 1 a cikin kowane masu amsa 3 da ke yarda cewa an ci zarafinsu a cikin gida. Binciken ya kuma gano karuwar tashe-tashen hankula a cikin gida a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata daga kashi 21% a shekarar 2011 zuwa kashi 30% a shekarar 2013.<ref>CLEEN Foundation. "National Crime Victimazation Surveys". 2013.</ref> Bincike na Laifuka da Tsaro na Ƙasa 'na 2012 na gidauniyar CLEEN ya nuna cewa kashi 31% na samfuran ƙasa sun furta cewa suna fama 'da tashin hankalin gida.<ref name="Nigeria 2016">"Nigeria." Social Institutions & Gender Index. Social Institutions & Gender Index, n.d. Web. 01 May 2016.</ref> tanada karamin bangare na tashin hankali na gida . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} 9nchxa5rqxdhb7wnfch0d337y637emp 0 68506 891860 719668 2026-08-06T05:25:16Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Sonderanlass Verleihung Max Schmidheiny-Freiheitspreis an Kofi Annan, 18.11.2006-Kofi Annan während der Preisrede-HSGN 028-01866.JPG|thumb|hoton kofi anan]] [[Fayil:Kofi Annan Foundation logo.svg|thumb|Kofi annan tambari ]] '''Gidauniyar Kofi Annan''' kungiya ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta cin riba ba wacce manufarta ita ce ta taimaka wajen gina al'ummomi masu zaman lafiya, dimokuradiyya da juriya. Marigayi Kofi Annan, tsohon babban sakataren [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ne ya kafa shi kuma ya kafa shi bisa doka a kasar [[Switzerland]] a shekara ta dubu biyu da akwai 2007 Kofi Annan ya yi imanin cewa, "ba za a iya samun ci gaba mai ɗorewa ba tare da tsaro ba, kuma ba za a iya samun dogon lokaci ba tare da ci gaba ba. Haka kuma wata al'umma ba za ta ci gaba da ci gaba ba har tsawon lokaci ba tare da bin doka da oda da mutunta hakkin dan Adam ba"<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/kofi-annan-the-next-steps-for-africa-to-meet-its-potential/2014/08/03/2c51223e-19c8-11e4-9e3b-7f2f110c6265_story.html</ref>. Don haka, gidauniyar Kofi Annan ta yi imanin cewa, al’umma masu adalci da zaman lafiya sun rataya ne a kan ginshikai guda uku: Zaman lafiya da tsaro, da ci gaba mai dorewa da kare haƙƙin bil’adama da kuma bin doka da oda, kuma sun mai da shi aikinsu na haɗa kan shugabanci da kudurin siyasa da ake bukata don tunkarar matsalar. barazana ga wadannan ginshikan guda uku wadanda suka hada da tashe-tashen hankula zuwa zabukan da ba su da kyau da kuma sauyin yanayi, da nufin cimma daidaito da kwanciyar hankali a duniya. ==Yan kwamitin== Gidauniyar tana da mambobin kwamitin guda 11: Elhadj As Sy, Sakatare-Janar na Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Nane Annan, mai ba da shawara kan abinci, mai zane, kuma tsohon lauya. Louise Arbor, Lauyan Kanada, mai gabatar da kara kuma masanin shari'a. Tsohon Wakilin Musamman na Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hijira. Doris Leuthard, ɗan siyasan Switzerland kuma lauya, kuma memba ne na Majalisar Tarayyar Switzerland tsakanin 2006 da 2018. Bernard Mensah, Shugaban Bankin Amurka na Burtaniya da Tsakiyar Gabashin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka (CEEMEA) da kuma babban shugaban Kasuwancin Kafaffen Kuɗi na Duniya, Kuɗi da Kayayyaki (FICC). Michael Møller, tsohon babban sakatare-janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma darekta-janar na ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 12 a Geneva. Ghassan Salamé, malamin Lebanon, ɗan siyasa kuma jami'in diflomasiyya. Samson Itodo, Samson lauya ne daga Najeriya kuma wanda ya kafa Yiaga Africa, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce manufarta ita ce inganta dimokuradiyya a Afirka. Kyung-wha Kang, Tsohuwar Ministar Harkokin Wajen Koriya ta Koriya, Ms Kang ta kasance mataimakiyar mai kula da agajin gaggawa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma mataimakiyar babban kwamishinan kare hakkin dan Adam. Ivan Pictet, Tsohon Babban Abokin Hulɗa na Babban Bankin Switzerland Pictet & Cie kuma tsohon Shugaban Fondation pour Genève. Susana Malcorra, Tsohuwar Ministan Harkokin Wajen [[Argentina]], Tsohuwar Mataimakiyar Sakatare-Janar ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tallafawa Fage, kuma tsohuwar babban jami'in gudanarwa da kuma mataimakiyar Darakta na Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya. ==Ka'idoji== Gidauniyar Kofi Annan tana matsa lamba kan samar da mafita cikin lumana da adalci ga muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi duniya ta hanyar shiga tsakani, ba da shawarwari na siyasa, bayar da shawarwari da shawarwari. Babban aikinsu shine 1) matasa da zaman lafiya, 2) zabe da dimokuradiyya 3) hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa ==Ayyuka== Gidauniyar Kofi Annan tana aiki kafada da kafada da abokan hulda daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da na shiyya, gidauniyoyi, jami'o'i da kungiyoyin farar hula. Suna ba da ƙwararrun ƙwararru, suna tara duk masu ruwa da tsaki a kusa da tebur kuma suna ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa na amintaccen tasiri wanda zai iya haifar da canji. ==Inganta Shugabancin Matasa== Kofi Annan ya ce, "matasa a yau 'yan kasa ne na duniya, duk abin da suke aiki a kai, duk wani burinsu na shekaru masu zuwa, dole ne su yi tunani a duniya - ko da a cikin gida. Tattaunawa da yanke shawara a matakin kasa da kasa da kasa, suna da ikon yin zabi, ci gaba da taka rawa a cikin jagoranci da bayar da shawarwari, dole ne mu saurari shugabannin duniya na gaba da ba su ikon kawo hakikanin abin da ya dace. canza". ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu]] 1wnhn8rhfl3i0xa3n7q60qpzhvqpqvo 0 68834 891722 609161 2026-08-05T16:26:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Indochine, sur les traces d'une mère''''' ([[Turanci]]: '[https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/ Indochina, Traces of a Mother] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185557/https://idrimora.com/projects/indochina-traces-of-a-mother/ |date=2019-12-05 }}') fim ne [[Documentary film|na documentary]] da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2011. == Takaitaccen bayani == Tsakanin shekarun 1946 zuwa 1954, an aika fiye da sojojin Afirka 60,000 zuwa Gabas mai Nisa (Far East) don yakar Viet Minh. Ƙungiyoyi da yawa tsakanin matan Vietnamese da sojojin Afirka sun fara, kuma an haifi yara. Wasu sun zauna tare da iyayensu mata, amma wasu an mayar da su [[Afirka]]. Ta hanyar labarin Christophe, ɗan Afro-Asiya mai shekaru 58, Idrissou Mora-Kpai ba wai kawai ya ba da labarin waɗannan yara na gadon gado ba, har ma da yaƙin da ba na dabi'a ba wanda 'yan Afirka da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka suka tsaya kan Vietnamese waɗanda ke yaƙi don su samu 'yancin kai.<ref>African Film Festival of Cordoba-FCAT (license CC BY-SA)</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Fespaco 2011 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] [[Category:Fim na 2010]] [[Category:Fim na Faransa]] nkea0iud0tr2qfhtb9w3afl5uitty3d 0 68888 892045 885895 2026-08-06T11:16:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 An kirkira ta fassara "Plot" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345747659|Koseegbe]]" 892045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kòseégbé''''' (English: Immovable) is a 1995 Yoruba drama film directed by [[Tunde Kelani]] based on a stage play of the same name by [[Akinwunmi Isola]]. The cast consisted of actors from the [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|Obafemi Awolowo University]] theatre. It was released through [[Mainframe Films and Television Productions]]. == Makirci == Koseegbe ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai ɗabi'a wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'in da aka kore shi saboda cin hanci da rashawa. A sabon mukaminsa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsabtace tsarin yayin da aka tura shi baya daga ƙananan jami'an da suka cin hanci da rashawa. Don shirya korarsa, ƙananan jami'an sun gurfanar da shi saboda halayyar haramtacciyar doka. Duk da haka ya sami damar tabbatar da ikirarin su kuma ya wanke kansa.[1][2] == Masu ba da labari == * [[Kola Oyewo]] a matsayin Mako * Wole Amele a matsayin Maliki * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Arowolo * Toyin Babatope a matsayin Suwebatu * Yetunde Ogunsola a matsayin Dola * Joke Muyiwa a matsayin matar Mako * [[Yemi Shodimu|Yemi Sodimu]] a matsayin Salu * Laide Adewale a matsayin Gbelegbo * Gboyega Ajayi a matsayin Tola * Jimoh Fakoyejo a matsayin Mamu * Bangaskiya Eboigbe a matsayin Matar Salu * Taiye Adegboyega a matsayin matar Gbelegbo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi * Peter Fatomilola a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda * Deola Yusuff-Badmus a matsayin Iyawo Tola * Olokun Samson a matsayin Tanko * Tayo Oyewusi a matsayin Dandogo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi == Fitarwa == ''Koseegbe'' shi ne fim na uku na Tunde Kelani kuma aikinsa na farko tare da Akinwunmi Isola . Ya fara ne a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan ta Isola wanda bai iya rubuta rubutun don fim ba, don haka Kelani ya ba shi rubutun don Driving Miss Daisy don amfani dashi azaman samfurin. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekarar 1995. An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai 10 mafi kyawun Yoruba. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Manazarta == bfkc31als1nnu1o5g1du5ua20y2pyrh 892047 892045 2026-08-06T11:17:44Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kòseégbé''''' (English: Immovable) is a shekarar 1995 Yoruba drama film directed by [[Tunde Kelani]] based on a stage play of the same name by [[Akinwunmi Isola]]. The cast consisted of actors from the [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|Obafemi Awolowo University]] theatre. It was released through [[Mainframe Films and Television Productions]]. == Makirci == Koseegbe ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai ɗabi'a wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'in da aka kore shi saboda cin hanci da rashawa. A sabon mukaminsa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsabtace tsarin yayin da aka tura shi baya daga ƙananan jami'an da suka cin hanci da rashawa. Don shirya korarsa, ƙananan jami'an sun gurfanar da shi saboda halayyar haramtacciyar doka. Duk da haka ya sami damar tabbatar da ikirarin su kuma ya wanke kansa.[1][2] == Masu ba da labari == * [[Kola Oyewo]] a matsayin Mako * Wole Amele a matsayin Maliki * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Arowolo * Toyin Babatope a matsayin Suwebatu * Yetunde Ogunsola a matsayin Dola * Joke Muyiwa a matsayin matar Mako * [[Yemi Shodimu|Yemi Sodimu]] a matsayin Salu * Laide Adewale a matsayin Gbelegbo * Gboyega Ajayi a matsayin Tola * Jimoh Fakoyejo a matsayin Mamu * Bangaskiya Eboigbe a matsayin Matar Salu * Taiye Adegboyega a matsayin matar Gbelegbo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi * Peter Fatomilola a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda * Deola Yusuff-Badmus a matsayin Iyawo Tola * Olokun Samson a matsayin Tanko * Tayo Oyewusi a matsayin Dandogo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi == Fitarwa == ''Koseegbe'' shi ne fim na uku na Tunde Kelani kuma aikinsa na farko tare da Akinwunmi Isola . Ya fara ne a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan ta Isola wanda bai iya rubuta rubutun don fim ba, don haka Kelani ya ba shi rubutun don Driving Miss Daisy don amfani dashi azaman samfurin. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekarar 1995. An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai 10 mafi kyawun Yoruba. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Manazarta == ee09phyx2zaci6qkdwle30cv7t3gn54 892048 892047 2026-08-06T11:17:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kòseégbé''''' (English: Immovable) is a shekarar 1995 Yoruba drama film directed by [[Tunde Kelani]] based on a stage play of the same name by [[Akinwunmi Isola]]. The cast consisted of actors from the [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo|Obafemi Awolowo University]] theatre. It was released through [[Mainframe Films and Television Productions]]. == Makirci == Koseegbe ya kuma ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai ɗabi'a wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'in da aka kore shi saboda cin hanci da rashawa. A sabon mukaminsa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsabtace tsarin yayin da aka tura shi baya daga ƙananan jami'an da suka cin hanci da rashawa. Don shirya korarsa, ƙananan jami'an sun gurfanar da shi saboda halayyar haramtacciyar doka. Duk da haka ya sami damar tabbatar da ikirarin su kuma ya wanke kansa.[1][2] == Masu ba da labari == * [[Kola Oyewo]] a matsayin Mako * Wole Amele a matsayin Maliki * [[Jide Kosoko]] a matsayin Arowolo * Toyin Babatope a matsayin Suwebatu * Yetunde Ogunsola a matsayin Dola * Joke Muyiwa a matsayin matar Mako * [[Yemi Shodimu|Yemi Sodimu]] a matsayin Salu * Laide Adewale a matsayin Gbelegbo * Gboyega Ajayi a matsayin Tola * Jimoh Fakoyejo a matsayin Mamu * Bangaskiya Eboigbe a matsayin Matar Salu * Taiye Adegboyega a matsayin matar Gbelegbo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi * Peter Fatomilola a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda * Deola Yusuff-Badmus a matsayin Iyawo Tola * Olokun Samson a matsayin Tanko * Tayo Oyewusi a matsayin Dandogo * Feso Oyewole a matsayin Talabi == Fitarwa == ''Koseegbe'' shi ne fim na uku na Tunde Kelani kuma aikinsa na farko tare da Akinwunmi Isola . Ya fara ne a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan ta Isola wanda bai iya rubuta rubutun don fim ba, don haka Kelani ya ba shi rubutun don Driving Miss Daisy don amfani dashi azaman samfurin. An sake shi a kan VHS a shekarar 1995. An jera shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fina-finai 10 mafi kyawun Yoruba. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Plot == ''Koseegbe'' ya ba da labarin wani jami'in kwastam mai kyawawan halaye wanda ya maye gurbin wani babban jami'i wanda aka kora saboda cin hanci da rashawa. == Manazarta == 0j428gi4ppkx9w8uf4tcdg42my5dsdi 0 68901 891714 371580 2026-08-05T15:00:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Igodo: The Land of the Living Dead''''' fim ne na kasada na Najeriya na 1999 wanda Don Pedro Obaseki ya samar kuma ya ba da umarnin Andy Amenechi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwbackthursday-17-years-after-igodo-deserves-a-remake/38m6jxm|title=17 years after, "Igodo" deserves a remake|date=2016-11-03|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-04|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204144647/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/throwbackthursday-17-years-after-igodo-deserves-a-remake/38m6jxm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Abubuwan da shirin ya kunsa == Fim din ya ba da labarin wani ƙauye wanda ke fama da mugun ruhohi da maita. Hanyar da za a dakatar da wadannan mugayen ruhohi ita ce maza a ƙauyen su je mugun gandun daji don dawo da takobi mai iko mai ban mamaki don yaƙi da mugun ruhu da iko a ƙauyin. Igodo ya shiga wannan neman zuwa mummunan gandun daji. Ya yi tafiya zuwa can tare da rukuni kuma ya dawo shi kaɗai. abokan aikinsa an kashe su kuma ruhohi da dodanni na mugun gandun daji sun farautar su wanda ke hana su samun takobi na iko mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Igodo:The Land of The Living Dead |url=https://mubi.com/films/igodo-the-land-of-the-living-dead |website=MUBI |publisher=MUBI |accessdate=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Igodo (Video 1999) - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1813370/fullcredits|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=IGODO [THE LAND OF THE LIVING DEAD]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAEREVvkL7M|language=en|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref> == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Sam Dede]] * [[Pete Edochie]] * Norbert Young * Charles Okafor * Yarima James Uche * Ignis Ekwe * Obi Madubogwu * [[Chidi Mokeme]] * Joe Layode == Manazarta == [[Category:Fim]] [[Category:Fina-finai]] [[Category:Fina-finan Najeriya]] pridw8rjn5x2kum7i4c5zan5q242u9a 0 69324 892077 886073 2026-08-06T11:27:57Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892077 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Waƙoƙin Alero |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Alero's_Symphony_poster.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Izu Ojukwu]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Shirin da aka yi | class="infobox-data" |Tunde Babalola |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Adedoyin Owotomo * Ifeoma Dozie * Ngozi Nkwoji * Tokunbo Adodo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] * [[Ivie Okujaye]] * [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] * Carol King * Frederick Leonard * Victor Olaitan * Jibola Dabo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanin samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Ofishin Jakadancin Amstel Malta</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Afrilu 21, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-04-21</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] farko) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} Alero's Symphony fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta kuma ya hada da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] da [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] . <ref name="bella">{{Cite web |title=Her Time to Shine! Ivie Okujaye leads the way at the premiere of Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 5) movie "Alero's Symphony" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/25/her-time-to-shine-ivie-okujaye-leads-the-way-at-the-premiere-of-amstel-malta-box-office-ambo-5-movie-alero%E2%80%99s-symphony/ |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> An fara shi ne a The Palms, Genesis Cinemas, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="bella" /> Fim din ya fito ne daga Amstel Malta Box Office 5 (AMBO 5). <ref name="bella" /> Ya sami gabatarwa 4 a 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma an nuna shi a cikin manyan biranen Najeriya ta Afirka Film Academy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2012 Movie Screening Team Hits The Town Of Ibadan With 'Phone Swap' And 'Alero's Symphony' |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042614/http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng}}</ref> == Tsarin labari == Fim din ya ba da labarin Alero (Okujaye), tagwayen da aka haifa a cikin dangi mai daraja. Bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a tare da girmamawa, za ta halarci makarantar shari'a. Iyayenta ba su san ta ba, ainihin burinta shine ta zama mawaƙa. Iyalin sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibirin don sake kunna dangantakarsu ta iyali. Yayinda yake can, Alero ya sadu da Lovechild (Faze), mai basira amma matalauta mai ba da abinci. Lovechild tana taimaka wa Alero ta bi abin da take so a matsayin aiki. Daga nan sai suka fada cikin soyayya. == Masu bada labari == * [[Ivie Okujaye]] a matsayin Alero * [[Faze|Chibuzor Oji]] a matsayin Lovechild * [[Jibola Dabo]] * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] a matsayin Dokta Coker * Victor Olaitan * [[Carol King]] * [[Frederick Leonard (actor)|Frederick Leonard]] * Timi Richards == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya ba fim din kashi 43% kuma ya yaba da asali da labarin, duk da haka ya soki aikin Faze kuma ya kammala yana cewa "Wannan fim ne na farko na Izu Ojukwu wanda ban ƙaunace shi ba. An sa ni in jira lokaci mai tsawo don a ƙarshe in gan shi amma a baya ina fatan na yi amfani da wannan lokacin don ƙarin ƙoƙari mai amfani. Ba fim ba ne mai ban tsoro, amma ba ya rayuwa daidai da ma'auni na mai shirya fim ɗin. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alero's Symphony |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/07/aleros-symphony.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Plot == Iyalan sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibiri domin sake farfado da dangantakarsu ta iyali. == Manazarta == g7a2mm0i0nagb8i40nxd8zacmvqfsel 892078 892077 2026-08-06T11:28:11Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892078 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Waƙoƙin Alero |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Alero's_Symphony_poster.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Izu Ojukwu]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Shirin da aka yi | class="infobox-data" |Tunde Babalola |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Adedoyin Owotomo * Ifeoma Dozie * Ngozi Nkwoji * Tokunbo Adodo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] * [[Ivie Okujaye]] * [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] * Carol King * Frederick Leonard * Victor Olaitan * Jibola Dabo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanin samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Ofishin Jakadancin Amstel Malta</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Afrilu 21, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-04-21</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] farko) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} Alero's Symphony fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta kuma ya hada da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] da [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] . <ref name="bella">{{Cite web |title=Her Time to Shine! Ivie Okujaye leads the way at the premiere of Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 5) movie "Alero's Symphony" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/25/her-time-to-shine-ivie-okujaye-leads-the-way-at-the-premiere-of-amstel-malta-box-office-ambo-5-movie-alero%E2%80%99s-symphony/ |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> An kuma fara shi ne a The Palms, Genesis Cinemas, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="bella" /> Fim din ya fito ne daga Amstel Malta Box Office 5 (AMBO 5). <ref name="bella" /> Ya sami gabatarwa 4 a 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma an nuna shi a cikin manyan biranen Najeriya ta Afirka Film Academy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2012 Movie Screening Team Hits The Town Of Ibadan With 'Phone Swap' And 'Alero's Symphony' |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042614/http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng}}</ref> == Tsarin labari == Fim din ya ba da labarin Alero (Okujaye), tagwayen da aka haifa a cikin dangi mai daraja. Bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a tare da girmamawa, za ta halarci makarantar shari'a. Iyayenta ba su san ta ba, ainihin burinta shine ta zama mawaƙa. Iyalin sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibirin don sake kunna dangantakarsu ta iyali. Yayinda yake can, Alero ya sadu da Lovechild (Faze), mai basira amma matalauta mai ba da abinci. Lovechild tana taimaka wa Alero ta bi abin da take so a matsayin aiki. Daga nan sai suka fada cikin soyayya. == Masu bada labari == * [[Ivie Okujaye]] a matsayin Alero * [[Faze|Chibuzor Oji]] a matsayin Lovechild * [[Jibola Dabo]] * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] a matsayin Dokta Coker * Victor Olaitan * [[Carol King]] * [[Frederick Leonard (actor)|Frederick Leonard]] * Timi Richards == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya ba fim din kashi 43% kuma ya yaba da asali da labarin, duk da haka ya soki aikin Faze kuma ya kammala yana cewa "Wannan fim ne na farko na Izu Ojukwu wanda ban ƙaunace shi ba. An sa ni in jira lokaci mai tsawo don a ƙarshe in gan shi amma a baya ina fatan na yi amfani da wannan lokacin don ƙarin ƙoƙari mai amfani. Ba fim ba ne mai ban tsoro, amma ba ya rayuwa daidai da ma'auni na mai shirya fim ɗin. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alero's Symphony |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/07/aleros-symphony.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Plot == Iyalan sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibiri domin sake farfado da dangantakarsu ta iyali. == Manazarta == 88iam2q2fy08pzcqkq7vgipqlu4ensg 892079 892078 2026-08-06T11:28:23Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892079 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Waƙoƙin Alero |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Alero's_Symphony_poster.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Izu Ojukwu]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Shirin da aka yi | class="infobox-data" |Tunde Babalola |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Adedoyin Owotomo * Ifeoma Dozie * Ngozi Nkwoji * Tokunbo Adodo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] * [[Ivie Okujaye]] * [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] * Carol King * Frederick Leonard * Victor Olaitan * Jibola Dabo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanin samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Ofishin Jakadancin Amstel Malta</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Afrilu 21, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-04-21</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] farko) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} Alero's Symphony fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta kuma ya hada da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] da [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] . <ref name="bella">{{Cite web |title=Her Time to Shine! Ivie Okujaye leads the way at the premiere of Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 5) movie "Alero's Symphony" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/25/her-time-to-shine-ivie-okujaye-leads-the-way-at-the-premiere-of-amstel-malta-box-office-ambo-5-movie-alero%E2%80%99s-symphony/ |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> An kuma fara shi ne a The Palms, Genesis Cinemas, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="bella" /> Fim din ya fito ne daga Amstel Malta Box Office 5 (AMBO 5). <ref name="bella" /> Ya sami gabatarwa 4 a 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma an nuna shi a cikin manyan biranen Najeriya ta Afirka Film Academy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2012 Movie Screening Team Hits The Town Of Ibadan With 'Phone Swap' And 'Alero's Symphony' |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042614/http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng}}</ref> == Tsarin labari == Fim ɗin ya ba da labarin Alero (Okujaye), tagwayen da aka haifa a cikin dangi mai daraja. Bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a tare da girmamawa, za ta halarci makarantar shari'a. Iyayenta ba su san ta ba, ainihin burinta shine ta zama mawaƙa. Iyalin sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibirin don sake kunna dangantakarsu ta iyali. Yayinda yake can, Alero ya sadu da Lovechild (Faze), mai basira amma matalauta mai ba da abinci. Lovechild tana taimaka wa Alero ta bi abin da take so a matsayin aiki. Daga nan sai suka fada cikin soyayya. == Masu bada labari == * [[Ivie Okujaye]] a matsayin Alero * [[Faze|Chibuzor Oji]] a matsayin Lovechild * [[Jibola Dabo]] * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] a matsayin Dokta Coker * Victor Olaitan * [[Carol King]] * [[Frederick Leonard (actor)|Frederick Leonard]] * Timi Richards == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya ba fim din kashi 43% kuma ya yaba da asali da labarin, duk da haka ya soki aikin Faze kuma ya kammala yana cewa "Wannan fim ne na farko na Izu Ojukwu wanda ban ƙaunace shi ba. An sa ni in jira lokaci mai tsawo don a ƙarshe in gan shi amma a baya ina fatan na yi amfani da wannan lokacin don ƙarin ƙoƙari mai amfani. Ba fim ba ne mai ban tsoro, amma ba ya rayuwa daidai da ma'auni na mai shirya fim ɗin. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alero's Symphony |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/07/aleros-symphony.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Plot == Iyalan sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibiri domin sake farfado da dangantakarsu ta iyali. == Manazarta == 07e9fmbtisin0dbxi3v7prcog4ctoyp 892080 892079 2026-08-06T11:28:33Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892080 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Waƙoƙin Alero |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Alero's_Symphony_poster.png|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fim</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Izu Ojukwu]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Shirin da aka yi | class="infobox-data" |Tunde Babalola |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Adedoyin Owotomo * Ifeoma Dozie * Ngozi Nkwoji * Tokunbo Adodo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] * [[Ivie Okujaye]] * [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] * Carol King * Frederick Leonard * Victor Olaitan * Jibola Dabo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanin samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">Ofishin Jakadancin Amstel Malta</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Afrilu 21, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-04-21</span>)&nbsp;</span> ([[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] farko) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} Alero's Symphony fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta kuma ya hada da [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] da [[Faze|Chibuzor 'Faze' Oji]] . <ref name="bella">{{Cite web |title=Her Time to Shine! Ivie Okujaye leads the way at the premiere of Amstel Malta Box Office (AMBO 5) movie "Alero's Symphony" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/04/25/her-time-to-shine-ivie-okujaye-leads-the-way-at-the-premiere-of-amstel-malta-box-office-ambo-5-movie-alero%E2%80%99s-symphony/ |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> An kuma fara shi ne a The Palms, Genesis Cinemas, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . <ref name="bella" /> Fim din ya fito ne daga Amstel Malta Box Office 5 (AMBO 5). <ref name="bella" /> Ya sami gabatarwa 4 a 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma an nuna shi a cikin manyan biranen Najeriya ta Afirka Film Academy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2012 Movie Screening Team Hits The Town Of Ibadan With 'Phone Swap' And 'Alero's Symphony' |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042614/http://pulse.ng/movies/amaa-2012-movie-screening-team-hits-the-town-of-ibadan-with-phone-swap-and-aleros-symphony-id2508915.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=pulse.ng}}</ref> == Tsarin labari == Fim ɗin ya ba da labarin Alero (Okujaye), tagwayen da aka haifa a cikin dangi mai daraja. Bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a tare da girmamawa, za ta halarci makarantar shari'a. Iyayenta ba su san ta ba, ainihin burinta shine ta zama mawaƙa. Iyalin sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibirin don sake kunna dangantakarsu ta iyali. Yayinda yake can, Alero ya sadu da Lovechild (Faze), mai basira amma matalauta mai ba da abinci. Lovechild tana taimaka wa Alero ta bi abin da take so a matsayin aiki. Daga nan sai suka faɗa cikin soyayya. == Masu bada labari == * [[Ivie Okujaye]] a matsayin Alero * [[Faze|Chibuzor Oji]] a matsayin Lovechild * [[Jibola Dabo]] * [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] a matsayin Dokta Coker * Victor Olaitan * [[Carol King]] * [[Frederick Leonard (actor)|Frederick Leonard]] * Timi Richards == Karɓar baƙi == Nollywood Reinvented ya ba fim din kashi 43% kuma ya yaba da asali da labarin, duk da haka ya soki aikin Faze kuma ya kammala yana cewa "Wannan fim ne na farko na Izu Ojukwu wanda ban ƙaunace shi ba. An sa ni in jira lokaci mai tsawo don a ƙarshe in gan shi amma a baya ina fatan na yi amfani da wannan lokacin don ƙarin ƙoƙari mai amfani. Ba fim ba ne mai ban tsoro, amma ba ya rayuwa daidai da ma'auni na mai shirya fim ɗin. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alero's Symphony |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/07/aleros-symphony.html |access-date=15 September 2014 |publisher=nollywoodreinvented.com}}</ref> == Plot == Iyalan sun yanke shawarar zuwa hutun tsibiri domin sake farfado da dangantakarsu ta iyali. == Manazarta == jxvjweljwb8dfdkog7pns7xaw42qzet 0 70127 891726 377982 2026-08-05T16:44:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Introducing the Holocaust''': littafi ne wanda ainahin sunan da aka wallafa shi da.shi shine ('''An Introduction to the Holocaust''') da Hausa ('''Gabatar da Holocaust''') ''Holocust shine Kisan kiyashin da sojojin Nazi karkashin jagorancin [[Adolf Hitler]] suka yi ma [[yahudawa]] a ƙasar [[Jamus]] a lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu''. Littafi ne wanda Haim Bresheeth da Stuart Hood suka rubuta, tare da zane-zane daga Litza Jansz, kuma yana aiki a matsayin hanyar ilimi game da Holocaust . Aikin binciki abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi da suka haifar da, a lokacin, da kuma bayan Holocaust, da nufin samar da cikakken fahimta game da daya daga cikin manyan kisan kare dangi na karni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31744811_Introducing_the_Holocaust_H_Bresheeth_S_Hood_il_de_L_Jansz_ed_de_R_Appignanesi|title=(PDF) Introducing the Holocaust / H. Bresheeth, S. Hood ; il. de L. Jansz ; ed. de R. Appignanesi.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mondoweiss.net/2020/02/my-lifes-work-as-an-anti-racist-and-anti-zionist-activist-makes-me-an-antisemite-according-to-labour/|title=My life’s work as an anti-racist and anti-Zionist activist makes me an antisemite according to Labour|date=February 14, 2020|website=Mondoweiss}}</ref> An buga shi ne a shekarar 1994, tun daga lokacin da aka sake bugawa 3 kuma an buga shi a cikin Turkiyya, Croatian da Jafananci. == Takaitaccen Bayani == Littafin ya fara ne da nazarin yanayin da ya ba da damar tashiwar [[Adolf Hitler]] da Jam'iyyar Nazi, yana ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda akidarsu ta haifar da tsanantawa da kisan Yahudawa miliyan shida da miliyoyin sauran wadanda abin ya shafa, gami da Romawa, nakasassu, da masu adawa da siyasa. Bresheeth da Hood suna nazarin tsarin dabaru da tsarin mulki wanda ya sauƙaƙa kisan kiyashi, gami da rawar ghettos, sansanonin taro, da sansanonin mutuwa. Ƙarin sassan suna magana game da martani na al'ummomi daban-daban, suna ba da cikakken bayani game da ayyukan juriya da abubuwan da suka tsira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/introducing-the-holocaust/haim-bresheeth/stuart-hood/9781840461213|title=Introducing the Holocaust by Haim Bresheeth, Stuart Hood &#124; Waterstones}}</ref> kuma tattauna sakamakon Holocaust, gami da Nuremburg Trials da ƙoƙarin tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru da kuma ilimantar da tsararraki masu zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/27313233-introducing-the-holocaust|title=Introducing the Holocaust: A Graphic Guide (Graphic Gui…|website=Goodreads}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.akademika.no/humaniora/historie/introducing-holocaust/9781848315143|title=Introducing the Holocaust. 9781848315143. Heftet - 2013 &#124; Akademika.no|website=www.akademika.no}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == Introducing the Holocaust ya sami yabo don samun damar rubutunsa, cikakken ɗaukar hoto, da bincike mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perlego.com/book/569725/introducing-the-holocaust-a-graphic-guide-pdf|title=Introducing the Holocaust: A Graphic Guide|first1=Haim|last1=Bresheeth|first2=Litza|last2=Jansz|first3=Stuart|last3=Hood|date=September 3, 2015|publisher=Icon Books|via=Perlego}}</ref> Masu suka sun bayyana mahimmancin littafin a matsayin kayan aiki na ilimi, mai iya isa ga jama'a masu yawa don ƙara wayar da kan jama'a da fahimtar Holocaust. Times Educational Supplement ya bayyana littafin a matsayin "Mafi kyau" kuma ya yaba shi don samun adadin abubuwa masu ban mamaki.[8] An buga littafin a cikin ayyukan 30 da masana ilimi suka buga ciki har da Simone Schweber, Rubina Bhatti, da sauransu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.norli.no/boker/dokumentar-og-fakta/historie-og-dokumentar/krig-og-historie/introducing-the-holocaust|title=Norli Bokhandel|website=www.norli.no}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[category:Litattafai]] [[Category:Littafi]] 1jfctiqyigay5rnrpxwi59lrv9is409 0 71853 892058 886102 2026-08-06T11:21:11Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Karamar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karbar bakuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> 378xreys00g3q1qyt2m3oazvwjo0o0w 892059 892058 2026-08-06T11:21:22Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Karamar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karbar bakuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> sdky77dc7b58s04cgyggsgewhixcdcn 892060 892059 2026-08-06T11:21:40Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], daya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karbar bakuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> fksd3e10zmoj2vrgizi6ykop5nbci19 892061 892060 2026-08-06T11:22:03Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karbar bakuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> 88jsef6ashwwf7nppwj8oltmeysr6fk 892062 892061 2026-08-06T11:22:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin kuma ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karbar bakuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> rr7hsvm3k8eb00ypn1ak6t13pc763h9 892064 892062 2026-08-06T11:23:02Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} == Rayuwa ta mutum == )(An haifi Duker a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1978, a cikin unguwar Olowogbowo na Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Duker ta auri [[Fidelis Duker]], ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai da masu shirya bikin na [[Nollywood]]; kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku tare. Temitope Duker ta fara aikinta a masana'antar Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai a shekarar 1997 bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa a kan Nemesis, aikin da mijinta Fidelis ya samar kuma aka saki a wannan shekarar. Tun daga wannan lokacin kuma ta ci gaba da samarwa da aiki a matsayin darekta ga fina-finai da yawa, tare da sabon fim dinta shine Carwash (2021), fim din da ya fito da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]] da [[Jide Kosoko]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Duker yana zaune a kan kwamitin a matsayin babban darakta na Fad Media Group masu mallakar Fad FM 93.1 da Fad360 TV a Calabar da Legas. Duker kuma yana karɓar baƙuncin shirin rediyo da ake kira Serenade With Boss lady . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=FAD FM And TV Belongs To The People, Not Politicians, Government – Fidelis Duker, CEO FAD Group |url=https://crossriverwatch.com/2019/08/fad-fm-and-tv-belongs-to-the-people-not-politicians-government-fidelis-duker-ceo-fad-group/ |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=CrossRiverWatch |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1997 |''Nemesis'' | rowspan="3" |Mataimakin mai gabatarwa |Duker ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar furodusa tare da furodusa shine mijinta, Fidelis Duker kuma yana nuna Jenkins Ekpo a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1997 |''Ba nufin Ni ba'' |Fim din ya fito da [[Segun Arinze]] |- |1999 |''Ibinabo'' |Mai gabatarwa / darektan shi ne [[Olumide Bola Akindele]] tare da [[Uche Jombo]] a matsayin babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. |- |1998 |''An ƙaddara Ya Mutu'' | rowspan="5" |Mai gabatarwa |Fim din ya fito da [[Keppy Ekpenyong|Keppy Bassey Ekpenyong]] |- |1998 |''Dare na Tsuntsu'' |[[Zack Orji]] da [[Larry Coldsweat]] ne suka fito |- |1998 |''Maƙiya a Cikin'' |[[Charles Okafor]] ne ya fito |- |2001 |''Jesu Mushin'' |tare da [[Stephanie Okereke Linus|Stephanie Okereke]], [[Zack Orji]] da [[Sonny McDons]] |- |2020 |''An karkatar da shi'' |mai suna [[Ngozi Nwosu]], [[Segun Arinze]], [[Kehinde Kujore]], Olatayo Amokade aka [[Ijebu (actor)|Ijebu]], da Shola AkinTunde aka [[Lagata (actor)|Lagata]] |- |2021 |''<nowiki/>'Yan mata a cikin Carwash'' | rowspan="2" |Mai gabatarwa / darektan |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Dayo Amusa]], [[Eniola Ajao]], da [[Jide Kosoko]] |- |2022 |''Ife zuwa Koro'' |tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Mide Martins, Babatunde Aderiloye |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] == Personal life == An haifi Temitope a cikin dangin Hon. Ayodele Benjamin, wani lokaci mukaddashin shugaban tsohuwar [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]] kuma Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Legas, wanda daga baya ya zama memba na kwamitin Majalisar Wasanni ta Jihar Legas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The things you wish you knew about Temitope Duker {{!}} The Paradise News – Breaking News & Top Stories |url=https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018224903/https://theparadise.ng/the-things-you-wish-you-knew-about-temitope-duker/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=theparadise.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> 1ljvctfk9ollwr4w9yoha8bbykyocmc 0 72558 891879 526545 2026-08-06T05:40:38Z Baffa ali 47435 891879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Abbas Fares''''' (Arabic; daga ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 1902 zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1978) ɗan wasan fim ne na Masar. {{Spaces}} Ya fito a fina-finai 26 tsakanin 1929 da 1971. == Fina-finai == * ''[[A Night of Love|Dare na Ƙauna]]'' (1951) * Monster (1954) * ''[[The Poor Millionaire (fim na 1959)|Talakawa Miliyan]]'' (1959) * ''[[Watch Out for ZouZou|Kula da ZouZou]]'' (1972) * A cikin hamada da hamada (1973) {{Stub}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1978]] 9t1v7llenvtqqpsvyeextru5vy5oizy 891880 891879 2026-08-06T05:42:09Z Baffa ali 47435 891880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Abbas Fares''''' (Arabic; daga ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 1902 zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1978) ɗan wasan fim ne na Masar. {{Spaces}} Ya fito a fina-finai 26 tsakanin shekara ta 1929 harzuwa 1971. == Fina-finai == * ''[[A Night of Love|Dare na Ƙauna]]'' (1951) * Monster (1954) * ''[[The Poor Millionaire (fim na 1959)|Talakawa Miliyan]]'' (1959) * ''[[Watch Out for ZouZou|Kula da ZouZou]]'' (1972) * A cikin hamada da hamada (1973) {{Stub}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1978]] mzj55yrx9vlgmf6vntzn1qm7fq6wi8o 891881 891880 2026-08-06T05:43:16Z Baffa ali 47435 891881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Abbas Fares''''' (Arabic; daga ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 1902 zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1978) ɗan wasan fim ne na Masar. {{Spaces}} Ya fito a fina-finai 26 tsakanin shekara ta 1929 harzuwa 1971. Sannan yakan fito a jarumi . == Fina-finai == * ''[[A Night of Love|Dare na Ƙauna]]'' (1951) * Monster (1954) * ''[[The Poor Millionaire (fim na 1959)|Talakawa Miliyan]]'' (1959) * ''[[Watch Out for ZouZou|Kula da ZouZou]]'' (1972) * A cikin hamada da hamada (1973) {{Stub}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1978]] 76esxhq88gz43383ndz1hy52y7thc76 891882 891881 2026-08-06T05:47:38Z Baffa ali 47435 891882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Abbas Fares''''' (Arabic; daga ranar 22 ga watan Afrilu 1902 zuwa ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1978) ɗan wasan fim ne na Masar. {{Spaces}} Ya fito a fina-finai 26 tsakanin shekara ta 1929 harzuwa 1971. Sannan yakan fito a jarumi . Shi dan kasar misra ne a daular usmaniya hallau dai ya mutu a kairo a ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairu 1978 . == Fina-finai == * ''[[A Night of Love|Dare na Ƙauna]]'' (1951) * Monster (1954) * ''[[The Poor Millionaire (fim na 1959)|Talakawa Miliyan]]'' (1959) * ''[[Watch Out for ZouZou|Kula da ZouZou]]'' (1972) * A cikin hamada da hamada (1973) {{Stub}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1978]] shmkg2fsz25oxatpjq118f1tr75g4rm 0 72848 891845 776936 2026-08-06T04:28:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Jimmy Bancks October 1942.jpg|thumb|jimmy b]] '''Jimmy Bangura''', mawaƙin Saliyo ne, mai shirya fina-finai, furodusa kuma mai nishadantarwa. Ana kira shi da "Godfather of Sierra Leone music". <ref>Ibrahim Tarawallie, [https://allafrica.com/stories/201810100498.html West Africa: Top West African Musicians to Light Up Freetown], ''Concord Times'', 9 October 2018.</ref> == Rayuwa == Jimmy B ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan barkwanci na Eddie Murphy na shekarar 1988 Coming to America kafin ya koma [[Afirka ta Kudu]], ya kafa ɗakin kida a can kuma ya samu nasara a matsayin mawaki. <ref>Joe Lamin, [https://allafrica.com/stories/200401090199.html Sierra Leone: The Rebirth of Sierra Leone Music; the Death of Its Virtue], ''Concord Times'', 8 January 2004.</ref> Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasar Saliyo a shekara ta 2002, Jimmy B ya taimaka wajen fitar da albam ɗin hip hop da dama da harhaɗawa daga Paradise Studio. <ref>Kemurl Fofanah, [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/hip-hop-sierra-leone Hip hop in Sierra Leone], ''Music in Africa'', 15 Jan 2018.</ref> A cikin shekarar 2014 Bangura ya ba da tallafi na sirri ''na Ebola 4 Go'', bidiyon da ke ilmantar da mutane game da [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|cutar ta Ebola]]. <ref>[http://www.switsalone.com/20708_switsalone-magazine-sierra-leones-most-beautiful-people-2014/ Sierra Leone’s Most Beautiful People 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304093757/http://www.switsalone.com/20708_switsalone-magazine-sierra-leones-most-beautiful-people-2014/ |date=2024-03-04 }}, ''SwitSalone Magazine'', 14 December 2014.</ref> Ya gabatar da ''Jimmy B Show'', wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo akan [[AiRadio]] na Freetown wanda ya ƙware a kiɗan Saliyo. <ref>Esther Kamara, [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/music-and-media-sierra-leone Music and media in Sierra Leone], ''Music in Africa'', 18 September 2017.</ref> [[Fayil:Jimmy Carter campaigning in Tallahassee (8102558780) (a).jpg|thumb|Jimmy B]] A cikin shekarar 2019 ɗansa matashi ya nutse a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|ƙasar Amurka]]. <ref>Salone Borbor, [https://www.salonesongs.com/sadness-as-sierra-leone-veteran-singer-jimmy-b-lost-his-son/ Sadness, As Sierra Leone Veteran Singer Jimmy B Lost His Son] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017232107/https://www.salonesongs.com/sadness-as-sierra-leone-veteran-singer-jimmy-b-lost-his-son/ |date=2019-10-17 }}, ''Salone Songs'', June 2019.</ref> == Fina-finai == * ''Paradise Island'', 2009 * ''Guardian of the Throne'', 2014 * ''A Stitch in Time'', 2014 * [[Fayil:Christian B. Anfinsen, Jimmy Carter.jpg|thumb|Jimmy B a gefe ]]''The British Expert'', 2019 == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] er04yvab8eo629jvkecyi785z57t7in 0 73036 892024 885916 2026-08-06T10:39:31Z A Salisu 14655 An kirkira ta fassara "Career" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345952642|Zulumoke Oyibo]]" 892024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 78vakvk4u8n16qphsm7a3n4e8i27uhe 892026 892024 2026-08-06T10:40:28Z A Salisu 14655 892026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c5fh4qt4iwtodqp7xuia21cwpryey9o 892027 892026 2026-08-06T10:40:45Z A Salisu 14655 892027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5zjj7mna3o9ekvfa2z5mbudrio4e36h 892028 892027 2026-08-06T10:40:56Z A Salisu 14655 892028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2vdktx7n9mbel32m4uqiqo2ax5gcwh9 892029 892028 2026-08-06T10:41:04Z A Salisu 14655 892029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hjqrcfd9lavq8gswxvpzcmss5z50b8b 892030 892029 2026-08-06T10:41:18Z A Salisu 14655 892030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nf1ksuui2doar8yjkynwyhwevph6lhz 892032 892030 2026-08-06T10:41:48Z A Salisu 14655 892032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ezxm4y14laxaia7zrsg0kka9hl5pi63 892033 892032 2026-08-06T10:42:05Z A Salisu 14655 892033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q4bfkhautqzy25fmdp12euvyhumuqvs 892035 892033 2026-08-06T10:42:21Z A Salisu 14655 892035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nqkswz0xo1p74zhcddp4jkzgq27qh7j 892036 892035 2026-08-06T10:42:39Z A Salisu 14655 892036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m3dvoon3m0w9n8k3xhxzs0fe7ruvs9a 892037 892036 2026-08-06T10:42:55Z A Salisu 14655 892037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin shekarar 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar karfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] k6bdc4n2gv040rjyz40uar7aqigj62j 892038 892037 2026-08-06T10:43:29Z A Salisu 14655 892038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin shekarar 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar ƙarfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na shekarar 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunƙasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] df01259g2inl0sua0c4c1u9lc1n01kr 892084 892038 2026-08-06T11:30:26Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya kuma ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da shekarar 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin shekarar 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar ƙarfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na shekarar 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunƙasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h6kj6tt4zbkj2mvqeqsdxyis8lzll6h 892087 892084 2026-08-06T11:30:50Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya kuma ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da shekarar 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin shekarar 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar ƙarfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na shekarar 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunƙasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gdkcmn1qqjg8m18gk20qml0s04pcyea 892089 892087 2026-08-06T11:31:16Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Zulumoke Oyibo | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Executive Producer, Director | birth_name = Zulumoke | notable_works = ''[[A Lagos Love Story]]'', ''Muri and Ko'', ''[[The Betrayed]]'' }} '''Zulumoke Oyibo''' mai shirya fina-finai ne na Najeriya, darektan, babban jami'in watsa labarai sannan kuma co-kafa [[Inkblot Productions]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-29 |title=Inkblot Productions marks 10 years of upscaling Nollywood |url=https://guardian.ng/news/inkblot-productions-marks-10-years-of-upscaling-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> kamfanin samar da fina-fakka da talabijin da ke Najeriya. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ta kuma samar da fina-finai masu yawa na Nollywood da suka ci nasara a kasuwanci kuma sun sami yabo sosai. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro. An nuna Oyibo a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety a cikin shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zulumoke Oyibo, Kate Winslet, Mo Abudu, Others Recognised In Variety's Women's Impact Report 2022 |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/03/11/zulumoke-oyibo-kate-winslet-mo-abudu-others-recognised-in-varietys-womens-impact-report-2022/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Oyibo ya kuma ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ta sami digiri a fannin shari'a kuma an kira ta zuwa lauyan Najeriya bayan kammala karatunta a Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya tsakanin shekarar 2008 da shekarar 2009. Tushenta na shari'a ya ba ta dabarun dabarun da ƙwarewar nazari wanda daga baya ya ba da gudummawa ga nasarar da ta samu a samar da fina-finai da kuma kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Early life and education == Oyibo ta ci gaba da sha'awar ba da labari da fim tun yana ƙarami. Ilimin shari'arta ya ba ta ƙwarewar dabaru da nazari wanda daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar shirya fina-finai da kasuwancin nishaɗi. == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. == Career == Kamfanin nan da nan kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. == Career == Kamfanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan studio a Nollywood, wanda aka san shi da ƙirƙirar fina-finai iri-iri waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo na cikin gida da na ƙasashen == Ayyuka == === Inkblot Productions === A cikin shekarar 2010, Oyibo ya kafa Inkblot Productions tare da [[Chinaza Onuzo]], [[Damola Ademola]], da Omotayo Adeola . Kamfanin nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu a Nollywood, wanda aka sani da ƙirƙirar fina-finai daban-daban waɗanda ke da sha'awar masu sauraro na cikin gida da na duniya. Inkblot ya samar da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo sama da 23 da ayyukan talabijin da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kasance cikin fina-finai na Najeriya mafi girma. Shahararrun shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da The Wedding Party (2016), wanda kuma ya zama fim din Nollywood mafi girma a lokacin kuma an zaba shi don bikin fina-finai na Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2016-08-28 |title=Nigeria’s The Wedding Party Premieres at 2016 Toronto Festival |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/08/nigerias-wedding-party-premieres-2016-toronto-festival/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> da kuma The ''Arbitration'', The Set Up, Day of Destiny, da The Blood Covenant . A watan Disamba na shekarar 2021, Inkblot ya sanya kuma hannu kan yarjejeniyar fitarwa ta musamman tare da Amazon Prime Video - na farko na irin sa a Afirka - kuma ya samar da Netflix na farko na asali na matasa Far From Home, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=2021-12-16 |title=Amazon Enters Nigerian Film Market With Multi-Year Licensing Deal With Inkblot Studios |url=https://variety.com/2021/streaming/global/amazon-nollywood-inkblot-studios-nigeria-1235134803/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farkon darektan == A cikin shekarar 2024, Oyibo ta fara zama darakta tare da The Betrayed, wani labari mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke bincika jigogi na asirin, cin amana, da lissafin motsin rai. Tauraron fim din [[Uche Montana]], [[Gabriel Afolayan]], [[Adunni Ade]], Ibrahim Suleiman, [[Jemima Osunde]], Vine Olugu, da Stephanie Zibili. Tare da wannan karon farko, Oyibo ya zama na uku na Inkblot wanda ya jagoranci fim din, bayan Ademola da Onuzo wajen fadada gudummawarsu ta kirkira fiye da samarwa. == Gudanarwa da shirye-shirye == Zulumoke ta fara The Inkblot Women In Film (IWIF) wanda ke da niyyar ƙarfafa mata da ke aiki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya ta hanyar jagoranci, ganuwa, da kuma bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2021-05-12 |title=Women group calls for better structure in Nollywood |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/women-group-calls-for-better-structure-in-nollywood/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Inkblot's Meet & Greet, podcast wanda ke nuna tambayoyi tare da sanannun mutane a cikin nishaɗin Najeriya kuma yana ba da fahimtar masana'antu ga masu kirkirar da 'yan kasuwa masu son.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Naz, Zulu and Damola launch Inkblot meet and greet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/03/naz-zulu-and-damola-launch-inkblot-meet-and-greet/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sanarwa == Gudummawar Zulumoke ga fina-finai na Najeriya ya ba ta girmamawa da yawa, gami da fasalin a cikin Rahoton Tasirin Mata na Variety na shekarar 2022, wanda ya nuna mata masu tasiri da ke ci gaba a duniya a cikin fina-fakkaatu da kafofin watsa labarai. Har ila yau, taron fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Najeriya da Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido, Fasaha da Al'adu ta Jihar Legas sun amince da ita a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eko Star Film da TV Awards saboda nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunƙasa Nollywood. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''[[The Department(fim)|Ma'aikatar]] (2015) '' ** ''Daga Sa'a (2015) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party (fim na 2016)|Bikin Bikin Aure]] (2016) '' ** ''[[The Arbitration|Arbitration]] (2016) '' ** Ni da ''Matata da''(2017) ''I (2017) '' ** ''[[The Wedding Party 2|Bikin Bikin Aure na 2]] (2017) '' ** ''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]] (2018) '' ** ''Uwargida a Yaƙi (2018) '' ** ''Up North (2018) '' ** ''[[The Set Up (fim na 2019)|Saita 1]] da 2 (2019, 2021) '' ** ''[[Love Is War (2019 film)|Ƙauna Yaƙi ce]] (2019) '' ** ''[[Quam's Money|Kudin Quam]] (2020) '' ** ''Cajewa da Bail (2021) '' ** ''Superstar (2021) '' ** ''Alkawarin Jinin (2022) '' ** ''[[The Perfect Arrangement|Cikakken Shirye-shiryen]] (2022) '' ** ''Palava (2022) '' ** ''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]] (2022) '' ** ''Babu Hanyar Hanyar (2023) '' ** ''Kwanaki 840 (2022) '' ** ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' ** ''Ceton Onome (2024) '' ** ''Muri da Ko (2024) '' ** ''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]] (2024) '' ** ''Iyali Gbese (2024) '' ** ''Labarin Soyayya na Legas (2025) '' === A matsayin Darakta === ''Wadanda aka ci amanarsu (2024) '' == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] grjezw98gkv1cflq6pcg1nk9vu7gorg 0 73210 891736 475740 2026-08-05T18:34:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:JacklineMensah.jpg|thumb|Jackline Mensah]] '''Jackline Mensah''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2001) wanda aka fi sani da 'allahn TikTok' ko 'Lassu' mutum ne na kafofin sada zumunta [[Ghana|Dan Ghana]], Mai wasan kwaikwayo, [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] kuma mai tasiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TikToker Jackline Mensah escapes death in fire, explains what happened|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/canardafriq/TikToker-Jackline-Mensah-escapes-death-in-fire-explains-what-happened-6995|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=ghanaweb.com|archive-date=August 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807032440/https://www.ghanaweb.com/region/canardafriq/TikToker-Jackline-Mensah-escapes-death-in-fire-explains-what-happened-6995|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana's TikTok queen Jackline Mensah makes an appearance on Africa Live|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-s-TikTok-queen-Jackline-Mensah-makes-an-appearance-on-Africa-Live-1069519|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok star Jackline Mensah reveals battle with mental health issues|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/tiktok-star-jackline-mensah-reveals-battle-with-mental-health-issues/|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=ameyawdebrah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TikTok Queen Makes Movie Debut In Yvonne Nelson's 'The Men We Love'|url=https://ghanafeed.com/tiktok-queen-makes-movie-debut-in-yvonne-nelsons-the-men-we-love/|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=ghanafeed.com|archive-date=March 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302112640/https://ghanafeed.com/tiktok-queen-makes-movie-debut-in-yvonne-nelsons-the-men-we-love/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta sami shahara a intanet ta hanyar sanya abubuwan bidiyo masu ban dariya a kan aikace-aikacen wayar hannu [[TikTok]], tare da tara mabiya sama da miliyan 2.0 tun daga shekarar 2022. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Jackline a [[Accra]] amma ya fito ne daga [[Yankin Volta]] . Ta sami ilimi na asali a Broadwings International School a Spintex, [[Accra]] kuma ta ci gaba da karatun sakandare a Accra a Presby Senior High School (Presec-Teshie). == TikTok == fara amfani da [[TikTok]] ta hanyar Mimicking shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka, The Vampire Diaries, da mutane da yawa da kuma shahararrun mutane ciki har da dan wasan dan wasan Ghana, Shatta Wale ta amfani da sautin leɓuna. watan Satumbar 2021, ta zama dan Ghana na farko da aka tabbatar da TikToker don yin amfani da mabiya miliyan daya a kan sanannen aikace-aikacen raba bidiyo na TikTok .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tik Tok Star Jackline Mensah Becomes First Ghanaian To Reach 1 Million Followers On Tik Tok With Blue-Tick Verification|url=https://unitedshowbiz.com.gh/tik-tok-star-jackline-mensah-becomes-first-ghanaian-to-reach-1-million-followers-on-tiktok-with-blue-tick-verification/|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=unitedshowbiz.com.gh|archive-date=August 7, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807032411/https://unitedshowbiz.com.gh/tik-tok-star-jackline-mensah-becomes-first-ghanaian-to-reach-1-million-followers-on-tiktok-with-blue-tick-verification/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackline Mensah Becomes 1st Ghanaian to Reach 1 Million Followers on Tik Tok|url=https://yen.com.gh/193514-jackline-mensah-becomes-1st-ghanaian-reach-1-million-followers-tiktok.html|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=yen.com.gh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jackie Mensah makes history as she becomes first Ghanaian TikToker to earn 1 million followers|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/67873/jackie-mensah-makes-history-as-she-becomes-first.html|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=modernghana.com}}</ref> == Fim == Kafin yin wasan kwaikwayo cikakken lokaci, ta fito a wasan kwaikwayo na mutum uku na Fiifi Coleman 'Kuna wasa da ni, Ina wasa da ku' da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Efiewura.Jackline fara fitowa a allon tare da rawar goyon baya a fina-finai na soyayya na 2022 "The Man We Love" da "Fifty Fifty" wanda [[Yvonne Nelson]] ta jagoranta .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tik Tok Star Jackie Mensah Makes Feature Film Debut In 'The Men We Love'? |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/tiktok-star-jackline-mensah-makes-feature-film-debut-in-the-men-we-love/|access-date=August 6, 2022|website=dailyguidenetwork.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yvonne Nelson's Fifty Fifty premieres today|url=https://www.thespectatoronline.com/yvonne-nelsons-fifty-fifty-premieres-today/|access-date=August 12, 2022|website=thespectatoronline.com|archive-date=March 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302112841/https://www.thespectatoronline.com/yvonne-nelsons-fifty-fifty-premieres-today/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekarar !Kyauta !Tattalin Arziki !An zabi / Ya lashe |- |''2021'' |''Kyautar Nishaɗi ta TikTok Ghana'' |''Mafi Kyawun TikToker na Shekara'' |''Ya ci nasara'' |- |2021 |Kyau Nishaɗi ta TikTok Ghana [1] |Actress na Shekara |Ya ci nasara |- |2021 |Kyautar Nishaɗi ta TikTok Ghana |TikToker na Shekara |Ya ci nasara |- |2021 | Kyautar Nishaɗi [1] |Mahaliccin Kafofin Watsa Labarai na Intanet na Shekara |An zabi shi |- |2020 |Hall Teens Awards [1] |Matashi Comedian na Shekara |Ya ci nasara |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Jackline Mensaha kanTikTok * Jackline Mensaha kanInstagram [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] frxnl5e4fx5byzi4tvg7jvljafn7p0l 0 74134 891839 393233 2026-08-06T03:55:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Jet Novuka''''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1971) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Afirka ta Kudu. An san shi da sassansa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Afirka ta Kudu kamar su Home Affairs, ''Igazi'', "Yizo Yizo", Mfolozi Street, Isidingo: The Need, Jacob's Cross, da Letters of Hope . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Novuka kuma ta girma a garin Ngangelizwe na Mthatha<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/daily-dispatch/20160716/281749858696576|title=Dispatch 16/07/2016|website=pressreader|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> a ranar 3 ga Maris 1971, wannan garin na Afirka ta Kudu DJ Black Coffee ya girma a. Ɗalibi kawai ya tafi makaranta don yin wasan kwaikwayo, ya kammala karatu a Makarantar Fuba ta Drama & Visual Arts kuma ya sami horo a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Funda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.news24.com/MoveMag/Archive/veteran-actor-jet-novuka-talks-about-his-career-20170728|title=Veteran actor Jet Novuka talks about his career|website=Move!Mag|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> Yaa kasance a cikin 1990 inda aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ya fara inda ya kasance simintin fim din 1990, "The King's Mesenger".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt5251486/|title=The King's Messenger (1990)|website=IMDb|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> Novuka kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan masu samarwa a Kudancin Afirka. == Talabijin == Jerin: <ref>{{cite web |title=Jet Novuka TV roles |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=6867 |access-date=14 April 2020 |website=TVSA |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028235415/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=6867 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Harkokin Cikin Gida'', * ''Igazi'', * ''Hanyar Mfolozi'', * ''Dole ne:'' * ''Bukatar'', * ''Gicciye na Yakubu'', * ''Wasiƙu na Bege''. * ''4Play: Shawarwarin Jima'i ga 'yan mata'' * ''Ingozi'' * ''Montana'' * ''MTV Shuga'' * ''Hakika'' * ''Rashin daidaituwa'' * ''Soul Buddyz'' * ''Kogin kamar Walter'' * ''Tsha Tsha'' * ''Amfani da shi'' * ''Yizo Yizo'' * ''Zero Tolerance'' * ''Yankin 14'' * ''uZalo'' == Kyaututtuka == Ya lashe kyautar Rapid Lion 2020 - Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Tallafawa don rawar da ya taka a cikin Letters of Hope<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screenafrica.com/2020/03/16/film/business/moroccan-film-monsters-dominates-at-the-rapidlion-2020-awards-ceremony/amp/|title=Jet Novuka takes home the Best Actor in Supporting Role award|website=screenafrica|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{IMDb name|0637283|Jet Novuka}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] kb1m37gkcf1i8dy89jwxr6cnuykv5k3 0 74930 891921 599410 2026-08-06T07:27:34Z Baffa ali 47435 891921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masu magana galibi suna cikin lardin Hà Giang, [[Vietnam]]. A [[Sin|kasar Sin]], ana rarraba masu magana a matsayin rukuni na mutanen Yi. A Vietnam ana kiran su ''Lô Lô'' kuma an rarraba su a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilu 54 na hukuma a Vietnam.sannan suna da lambar harsunan su iso 639-3 nty . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== afp5azy0v27x7rkaupitq5r65ms3x5w 0 75434 891820 885511 2026-08-06T00:48:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2015 |title=Mallbacken tappar Falk |url=http://nwt.se/sport/fotboll/folj_mallbacken/2015/10/28/mallbacken-tappar-falk |access-date=29 May 2016 |publisher=nwt.se |archive-date=23 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623204942/http://nwt.se/sport/fotboll/folj_mallbacken/2015/10/28/mallbacken-tappar-falk |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''Jennifer Miley Falk''' An haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan [[Afrilu]] na shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da uku miladiyya 1993, Yar wasan kwallon kafa ce ta kasar Sweden wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar kwallon kasar Sweden da BK Häcken . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2015 |title=Jennifer Falk has signed for KGFC |url=http://www.goteborgfc.se/2015/10/28/jennifer-falk-har-skrivit-p%C3%A5-f%C3%B6r-kgfc-28961622 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407101831/http://www.goteborgfc.se/2015/10/28/jennifer-falk-har-skrivit-p%C3%A5-f%C3%B6r-kgfc-28961622 |archive-date=7 April 2016 |access-date=29 May 2016 |publisher=Kopparbergs / Göteborg FC}}</ref> == Kungiyoyi == Falk ya buga wasanni shida a gasar Torslanda IK a gasar mata ta Sweden ta hudu (Division 2 Norra Götaland) a shekara ta 2010. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Falk- Kopparbergs Göteborg FC |url=https://www.goteborgfc.se/lag/a-laget/jennifer-falk/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC |language=sv |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202223603/https://www.goteborgfc.se/lag/a-laget/jennifer-falk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan wasanni goma sha daya a rukuni na uku (Division 1 Norra Götaland) a kakar shekara ta 2013, ta koma kungiyar farko ta Jitex BK . <ref name=":0" /> A matsayin na uku zuwa na karshe, an kauce wa raguwa, amma wannan ya biyo baya a kakar wasa mai zuwa. Falk daga nan <ref name=":0" /> koma kungiyar da aka inganta Mallbackens IF, wanda a kakar Shekara ta 2015 ta buga wasanni guda 22 kuma ta taimaka wajen tserewa daga koma baya a matsayin na uku daga kasa. Daga shekara ta 2016 ta buga wa Kopparbergs / Göteborg FC, wanda aka sake masa suna zuwa BK Häcken FF a Shekara ta 2021. <ref name=":0"/> A kakar wasa ta farko ta kammala da ci biyar tare da kulob din kuma ta buga wasanni 15, fiye da sauran masu tsaron gida. A kakar shekara 2017, an kara sabbin masu tsaron gida uku kuma Falk ya buga wasanni shida kawai. A cikin shekara ta 2018 Falk ta sake fitowa sau shida. A shekarar 2019 Falk ta ci kwallo a wasan karshe na kofin kuma ta sami matsayi na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Falk jagar 14:e nollan och SM-guld: "Hade varit kronan på verket" |url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/damallsvenskan/jennifer-falk-jagar-14e-nollan-och-sm-guld-hade-varit-kronan-pa-verket/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=fotbollskanalen |language=sv}}</ref> cikin shekara ta 2020 Falk ta buga dukkan wasannin 22 na league, ta ci gaba da yin takardu 14 masu tsabta kuma ta haka ne ta taka rawar gani a gasar zakarun farko ta kulob ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fridell |first=Magnus |date=2020-11-20 |title=Målvakten som blev guld värd – Jennifer Falk framröstad till Månadens spelare i november |url=https://om.svenskaspel.se/koncernnyheter/malvakten-som-blev-guld-vard-jennifer-falk-framrostad-till-manadens-spelare-i-november/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=Svenska Spel |language=sv-SE}}</ref> watan Nuwambar shekarar 2020 an ba ta lambar yabo ta Yar wasa ta watan. A Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2021-22 ta kai wasan karshen da Vålerenga bayan nasarori biyu. A nan ne kawai suka sami damar lashe wasan waje da Benfica Lisbon. Sauran wasannin sun bace, don haka an kawar da su a matsayin kasan rukuni. Falk ta ci burin a duk wasanni takwas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=paris saint germain v bk hacken |url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/fixtures-and-results/202223/paris-saint-germain-v-bk-hacken |access-date=2024-03-19 |archive-date=2023-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216000605/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/fixtures-and-results/202223/paris-saint-germain-v-bk-hacken |url-status=dead }}</ref> cikin cancantar shiga rukuni na Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2022-23, ta fafata a zagaye na biyu, amma tawagarta ta sha kashi sau biyu a hannun Paris Saint-Germain . <ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=History: Häcken-Paris {{!}} Match info {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League 2022/23 |url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2035214--hacken-vs-paris/matchinfo/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> == Kungiyar Kasa == A watan Oktoba shekara ta 2014 ta sami gayyatar zuwa U-23, amma ba a yi amfani da ita ba. Ta buga wasan farko na Kasa da Kasa a watan Mayun shekara ta 2015 a cikin nasara 3-1 a kan tawagar Ingila U-23. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2016, ta zama mai tsaron gida na uku a wasan kasa da kasa da [[Iran]], na farko na tawagar Turai da Iran. A gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2019 an zabi ta a matsayin Yar wasan Sweden kadai ba tare da takara ta kasa da kasa ba. Ta kasance mai tsaron gida na biyu amma ba a yi amfani da ita ba tukuna. Falk ta buga wasan farko ga babbar ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasa a gasar cin Kofin Algarve na 2020, inda 'yan wasan uku da aka zaba suka buga wasa daya, a wasan da suka yi da [[Denmark]], wanda ya rasa 1-2. A lokacin cancanta don Euro 2022 lokacin da mai tsaron gida na yau da kullun Hedvig Lindahl ya ji rauni, an yi amfani da Falk a wasanni hudu na karshe kuma ya ci gaba da tsabtace takardu hudu. Tare da nasarar 2-0 a kan Iceland a wasan karshe, Yan Sweden sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun Turai da wuri. An zaɓi Falk don Wasannin Olympics na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=Truppen till OS i Japan |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2021/06/svenska-os-truppen-2021/ |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Ta taka leda a wasan rukuni na uku da New Zealand lokacin da wasu 'yan wasa na yau da kullun suka huta bayan nasarorin farko guda biyu. A ƙarshe, kamar a cikin Shekara ta 2016, 'yan Sweden sun lashe lambar azurfa. An zabi ta don Yuro 2022, amma ba a yi amfani da ita ba. A cikin cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta Shekara ta 2023 ta buga kwallo sau uku kuma ta cancanci tare da tawagarta don wasan karshe a Australia da New Zealand. A ranar 13 ga Yunin shekara ta 2023, an hada ta cikin ƴar wasa ta 23 na gasar cin Kofin Duniya na 2023. Ta taka leda a wasan rukuni na uku da Argentina lokacin da wasu Yar wasa na yau da kullun suka huta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergebnisse & Spielpläne |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/scores-fixtures?intcmp=(p_fifaplus)_(d_)_(c_webheader-fwwc2023)_(sc_scoresandfixtures)_(ssc_)_(da_07072023)_(l_de)&country=DE&wtw-filter=ALL&stage=none&team=Schweden |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.fifa.com}}</ref> kayar da tawagarta 1-2 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Tare <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sweden 2-0 Australia |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/match-centre/match/103/285026/285029/400258555?competitionEntryId=103 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=www.fifa.com}}</ref> nasarar 2-0 a wasan don matsayi na uku a kan Ostiraliya ta lashe lambar tagulla. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Falk tana zaune tare da dan wasan kwallon kafa na Sweden [[Pernilla Johansson]] . <ref>[https://www.l-mag.de/news-1010/das-sind-die-50-lesbischen-stars-der-fussball-em-2022.html L-Mag.de: Das sind die 59 lesbischen Stars der Fussball-EM 2022 (German)], July 2022</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hadin waje == * Jennifer Falk a ( Yaren mutanen Sweden) (archive 1, archive 2) * {{Soccerway|jennifer-falk/244958}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hbjk93sidbnv7aldri98pg5qhrk3c2s 0 77183 891938 411702 2026-08-06T08:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joyce Mvula''' (an haife ta 15 Afrilu 1994) ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Malawi. <ref name="Thunder">{{Cite web |title=Sacrifices for Superleague – We speak to Joyce Mvula |url=https://www.manchesterthunder.co.uk/joycemvula/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718085421/https://www.manchesterthunder.co.uk/joycemvula/ |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=Manchester Thunder}}</ref> An zaɓe ta domin wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Malawi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Netball na 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joyce Mvula |url=https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/joyce-mvula/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718085408/https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/joyce-mvula/ |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=Netball World Cup}}</ref> Ta yi wasa a Superleague na Netball tare da Manchester Thunder na tsawon shekaru 6 daga 2017 zuwa 2022 bayan haka ta sanar da cewa za ta bar wasa a wata ƙasa. <ref name="Thunder2">{{Cite web |title=Joyce Mvula moves on to new adventures overseas |url=https://www.manchesterthunder.co.uk/joyce-mvula-moves-on-to-new-adventures-overseas/ |access-date=7 June 2022}}</ref> Bayan ta taimaka wa Manchester Thunder ta lashe kofin Netball Superleague na 2022, Mvula ta sanar da cewa za ta bar kungiyar. Daga baya ta sanya hannu don Tsakiyar Pulse gabanin kakar Premier ta 2023 ANZ . <ref name="skysports150622">{{Cite web |date=15 June 2022 |title=Joyce Mvula joins Pulse and heads to New Zealand to play in ANZ Premiership |url=https://www.skysports.com/netball/news/12415/12634735/joyce-mvula-joins-pulse-and-heads-to-new-zealand-to-play-in-anz-premiership |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=www.skysports.com}}</ref> <ref name="stuff160622">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Central Pulse sign Malawi international Joyce Mvula as Aliyah Dunn's replacement |url=https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/women-in-sport/300614931/central-pulse-sign-malawi-international-joyce-mvula-as-aliyah-dunns-replacement |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=stuff.co.nz |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125201416/https://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/women-in-sport/300614931/central-pulse-sign-malawi-international-joyce-mvula-as-aliyah-dunns-replacement |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="pulse160622">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=International shooter to join Pulse |url=https://www.pulse.org.nz/news/news-article/international-shooter-to-join-pulse |access-date=25 November 2022 |publisher=www.pulse.org.nz}}</ref> Mvula ya wakilci ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Malawi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta 2023, kuma shine ya fi zura kwallaye a Malawi. == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] dvgb6cy1uks58w2ry4hlqrqx73oexx7 0 78393 891991 648651 2026-08-06T10:17:41Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Tatsuniyoyi ---- * Gizo da Noman * Gizo da Saniya * Gizo da Ƙoƙi da Kantu * Gizo da Ɗanrago... * Gizo Ɓarawon Gyaɗa * Gizo da Ɓaure * Biri da Kura * Kura da Kare * Auren Barewa... * Kuturu, Makaho... * Alhaji da Hajiya * Wasu Mutane Huɗu * Baban Rogaji * Yarinya da Ƙawayenta * Mutum da Zabi * Ƙuda da Kwaɗo * Ɓarayin Rake * Maraya * Ɓarawon Gwal * Tsiniyama da Lafiyana * Yusufu da Bala. == Tatsuniya: Gizo da Noman Gyaɗa == ----Wata rana Gizo da Ƙoƙi, abin duniya ya yi musu zafi. Sai Ƙoƙi ta ce da Gizo, “Ina ga da za mu yi noma da mun samu sauƙi”. Da Gizo ya ji haka sai ya ce, “Ƙwarai hakan ya dace”. Sai Ƙoƙi ta ce, “to me ka ke ganin zamu noma? Mu shuka shinkafa ne, ko alkama, ko kuma acca?” Sai Gizo ya ce, “a’a, mu shuka gayaɗa kawai”. Sai suka yarda akan cewa za su shuka gyaɗa. Amma ashe shi Gizo yana nufin ya yiwa Ƙoƙi wayo da wannan shawara tasa. Da aka kuma tashi yin shuka, sai Gizo ya ce da Ƙoƙi, ai ba a shuka gyaɗa sai an soya ta. Sai Ƙoƙi ta amince ta soya gyaɗa, ta baiwa Gizo ta ce ya je ya shuka. Da Gizo ya je gona dan yin shukar gyaɗa, sai ya ɗaura lilo a jikin bishiya, ya hau lilon nan yana cin gyaɗa, yana rera waƙa kamar haka: ………………………. Da haka-da haka, yau ya je gona, gobe ya je, har wannan gyaɗa ta ƙare, ba tare da ya shuka ba. Da damina ta yi nisa, sai ƙoƙi ta fara tambayarsa maganar gona, shi kuwa Gizo sai ya hau bada labari yana cewa, “Ai gonar nan ta yi kyau sosai”. Da kakar gyaɗa ta fara yi, sai Ƙoƙi ta ce da Gizo ya fara ciro musu wannan gyaɗa su riƙa ɗan taɓawa kafin a farɗe ta. Saboda haka a duk lokacin da Ƙoƙi ta buƙaci gyaɗa sai Gizo ya je gonar mai gari ya yago ya kai mata. Sannu a hankali Gizo ya kusa cire gyaɗar gonar mai gari baki ɗayanta. Wata rana sai mai gari ya gane cewa ana cirar masa gyaɗa, saboda haka sai ya zuba masu gadi a gonar suka ɓoye a gurin da ba mai ganinsu. Can sai ga Gizo ya zo cirar gyaɗa. Caraf, masu gadin nan suka cafke Gizo, suka tafi da shi gurin mai gari. Daga nan aka yanke masa hukunci, aka kore shi daga gari. Tunƙurunƙus, badan Gizo ba da na yi ƙarya. == Tatsuniya: Gizo da Saniya == ----Gata nan gata nanaku. Ta zo mu ji ta. A wani gari, an yi wata Saniya mai ciki. Wata rana wannan saniya tana cikin shan ruwa a rafi, sai ta haifi ‘ya’ya guda huɗu, uku daga cikinsu mata ne, ɗaya kuma namiji. Bayan da ta gama shan ruwanta, sai ta fito da ‘ya’ya matan nan guda uku, ɗayan kuma wanda shi ne namiji, sai ta bar shi a cikin ruwan. Bayan ta fito da su daga ruwan nan sai ta samu guri ta ɓoye su, ita kuma ta tafi kiwo. Da ta je kiwo ta samu abinci ta ci, ta kuma kawo wa ‘ya’yan nata.  Da ta iso bakin rafin nan sai ta rera waƙa tana kiran ‘ya’yan nata, tana cewa: ''Sari’atul-ma zo ki ci, mazariƙi-mazandamu ma zo ki ci, maza-dandama ma zo ki ci, amma kai na cikin ruwa ban da kai.'' Shi ke nan da ‘ya’yan saniyar nan suka ji haka sai suka fito suka ci abincin nan suka sha ruwa, suka kwanta. Ita kuma saniyar nan sai ta sake barin ‘ya’yan nan nata ta tafi kiwo. Da ta je, sai ta ci ta ƙoshi, sannan ta ɗebo wa ‘ya’yanta. Da ta zo sai ta sake cewa: ''Sari’atul-ma zo ki ci, mazariƙi-mazandamu ma zo ki ci, maza-dandama ma zo ki ci, amma kai na cikin ruwa ban da kai.'' Da ‘ya’yan saniyar nan suka ji, sai suka fito, suka ci abinci suka sha ruwa, suka kwanta. Ashe Gizo yana laɓe yana ganin abin da ke faruwa. Ai kuwa saniyar nan na tafiya, sai Gizo ya fito, ya kama rera waƙa. ‘Ya’yan saniyar nan suna ji, amma suka ƙi fitowa saboda Gizo ba daidai yake waƙar ba. Da Gizo ya ga sun ƙi fitowa, sai ya tafi ya sake laɓewa. Can bayan wani lokaci sai ga saniya ta sake dawowa. Tana zuwa sai ta kama rera waƙa kamar yadda ta saba yi: ''Sari’atul-ma zo ki ci, mazariƙi-mazandamu ma zo ki ci, maza-dandama ma zo ki ci, amma kai na cikin ruwa ban da kai.'' Da ‘ya’yan saniya suka ji ita ce, sai suka fito suka ci abinci sannan suka sha ruwa suka sake komawa suka ɓoye. Ita kuma saniya ta sake tafiya kiwo. Bayan tafiyar Saniya ba da jimawa ba, sai Gizo ya sake fitowa. To, yanzu Gizo ya haddace abin da saniyar nan take faɗa, saboda haka yana rera waƙar nan, sai ‘ya’yan saniyar nan suka fito. Suna fitowa sai Gizo ya kama su ya gudu da su, ya cinye. Can bayan wani lokaci sai saniya ta dawo daga kiwo da abincin ‘ya’yanta guda uku. Da ta zo, ta yi waƙa, ta yi waƙa, ta yi waƙa, amma shiru ba ta ga kowa ba. Can sai ta juya ta ce: ''To kai na cikin ruwa zo ka ci''. Shi kuma sai ya ce, ''“Ni na cikin ruwa ba ni ci, alherin Allah ya ishen”.'' Da Saniya ta ji haka sai kawai ta faɗi ta mutu. Tunƙurunƙus, badan Gizo ba da na yi ƙarya. dwqwe0hxyhz4lgqo0eugm6o5y5sfmh7 0 79187 891754 840342 2026-08-05T20:19:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Technical University of Kenya sports day in Nyayo Stadium.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The Technical University of Kenya.jpg|thumb|hutun Jami a Kanye ]] '''Jami'ar Fasaha ta [[Kenya]]''' (TU-K) jami'a ce ta jama'a a [[Nairobi]], Kenya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission for University Education - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) |url=http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.cue.or.ke}}</ref> Shugaba Mwai Kibaki ne ya ba da hayar a watan Janairun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=The Universities Act 2012 (No. 42 of 2012): Charter for the Technical University of Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/signed-charter.pdf |access-date=29 May 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809122208/https://tukenya.ac.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/signed-charter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kenya ta girma ne daga Kenya Polytechnic . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta Kenya a shekarar 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gabatar da shawarwari don kafa cibiyar fasaha a Nairobi a cikin Rahoton Willoughby da aka buga a 1949. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gabashin Afirka (RTCEA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-28 |title=The First Technical University in Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201200/http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar ita ce ta kafa kwalejin fasaha a Nairobi wanda zai ba da ilimi da horo a matakin fasaha da na kwararru na yankuna uku na Gabashin Afirka na [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], da Tanganyika. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a kowane yanki ya kamata a sami ɗalibai da suka isa su shiga RTCEA. Yayinda Uganda da Tanganyika suka kafa cibiyoyin fasaha a Kampala da [[Dar es Salaam]] don shirya 'yan takara don shiga RTCEA, Kenya ta zaɓi gabatar da raƙuman aji a ƙarƙashin sunan Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya (KTI) a RTCEA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-28 |title=The First Technical University in Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201200/http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1960 an yanke shawarar cewa Royal Technical College of East Africa ya kamata ya faɗaɗa aikinsa don bayar da digiri. Don haka a cikin 1960, an ba RTCEA izinin bayar da digiri na Jami'ar London a ƙarƙashin tsari na musamman. A karkashin wannan sabon matsayi, kwalejin ya canza sunansa zuwa Royal College Nairobi . Yayinda kwalejin ke faɗaɗa aikinta, ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da karɓar ɗaliban Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya ba saboda matsin lamba a sararin samaniya. Sakamakon haka, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya ta buƙaci a ƙaura zuwa shafinta. A lokaci guda an yi la'akari da cewa ya kamata a motsa shirye-shiryen Diploma daga RTCEA zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya. Sakamakon haka, don bayar da horo a matakin difloma, Gwamnati ta kafa Kenya Polytechnic daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya. Kenya Polytechnic ta kafa kanta don horar da ma'aikatan matsakaicin matakin a ƙasar. Tana cikin gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Nairobi a gaban Hasumiyar Times kuma tare da Haile Selassie Avenue kusa da Ofishin Jakadancin City Square. Yana ba da shirye-shiryen TVET (Ilimi da Horarwa na Fasaha da Kwarewa) da kuma shirye-shirye na digiri.<ref name="UNESCO-UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=What is TVET? |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=UNESCO-UNEVOC |publisher=UNESCO |archive-date=5 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170214/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka bayar a TU-K sune: DipTech, BTech, BPhil, BEng da BSc. == An ƙaddamar da digiri na baya-bayan nan == A watan Yulin 2009, kwalejin jami'a tana da rukunin farko na shirye-shiryen karatu da Majalisar Dattijai ta amince da su a Jami'ar Nairobi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> Darussan suna cikin fannonin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki kuma sun hada da Bachelor of Engineering (B. Eng. a cikin Injiniyan Lantarki da Lantarki, Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) a cikin Fasahar Injiniyan lantarki da Lantarki na Lantarki, da Diploma a Fasaha (Dip. Tech.) a cikin Injin Lantarki da Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> An tsara shirye-shiryen don rufe shekaru biyar, hudu, da uku na karatu don B.Eng., B.Fasahar zamani., da kuma Dip. Fasahar zamani. Kungiyar farko ta daliban digiri sun shiga kwalejin a watan Janairun 2009 kuma wani bangare daga cikinsu tun daga lokacin ya gamsar da Kwamitin Masu Bincike kuma an ba da shawarar don ba da digiri a taron 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsangayu == === Kwalejin Injiniya da Ginin Muhalli === * Makarantar Gine-gine da Ginin Muhalli <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Architecture and the Built Environment - Technical University of Kenya - SABE |url=http://sabe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sabe.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529175247/https://sabe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Lantarki <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sest.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sest.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624033459/https://sest.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Infrastructure da Resource Engineering <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Infrastructure and Resource Engineering - Technical University of Kenya - School of Infrastructure and Resource Engineering - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sire.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sire.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621071231/https://sire.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniya da Injiniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Mechanical and Process Engineering - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://smpe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=smpe.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906025409/https://smpe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Bincike da Kimiyya ta Geospatial <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Surveying and Geospatial Sciences - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613051250/https://ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Injiniya Innovation da Production <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Science and Technology Studies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ceip.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ceip.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626220927/http://ceip.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniya Kimiyya da Fasaha * Makarantar Bayanai da Fasahar Sadarwa === Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha === * Makarantar Kimiyya da Rayuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Biological and Life Sciences - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sbls.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sbls.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821161722/https://sbls.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kwamfuta da Fasahar Bayanai <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Computing and Information Technologies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://scit.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=scit.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513102356/https://scit.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Health Sciences and Technology - Technical University of Kenya - SHST |url=http://shst.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=shst.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528040405/https://shst.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Lissafi da Kimiyya ta Yanzu<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science |url=http://smas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Technical University of Kenya |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521171209/https://smas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Physical Sciences and Technology - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://spas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=spas.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624070204/https://spas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Science and Technology Studies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://csts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=csts.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531131845/https://csts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya Mai Tsarki da Aikace-aikace === Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jama'a === * Makarantar Kasuwanci da Nazarin Gudanarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Business and Management Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sbms.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sbms.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511065123/https://sbms.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Creative Arts & Technologies - SCAT |url=http://scat.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=scat.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614175640/https://scat.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Karɓar Baƙi da Nazarin Yawon Bude Ido <s>Gudanarwa</s><ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Hospitality and Tourism Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://shtm.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=shtm.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613235203/https://shtm.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Nazarin Jama'a da Ci Gaban <s>Nazarin Fasaha</s><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - School of Social and Development Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ssds.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssds.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626220957/http://ssds.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Bayanai da Nazarin Sadarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Information and Communication Studies - TU-K |url=http://ssts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssts.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221008/http://ssts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shahararrun ɗalibai == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://tukenya.ac.ke Shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kenya] === Shafukan labarai === * [http://balondor.blogspot.com Labaran Cashmere] * [http://gatogonnabbe.blogspot.com Gonnabbe] * [http://seweofficial.blogspot.com Satellite] * [http://valgqui.blogspot.com/ Rubuce-rubucen marubutan da ba su da sha'awa] * [http://TheGuide.co.ke/ Jagoran Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222244/https://theguide.co.ke/ |date=2023-10-02 }} 45v0rbrus04y161gmd6l06h9ordz0cs 0 79203 891753 619303 2026-08-05T19:59:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra''' ( {{Lang-ar|جامعة محمد خيضر بسكرة}}, {{Lang-fr|'''Université Mohamed Khider Biskra'''}} , Acronym '''UMKB''' ) ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan makarantu guda 106 a [[Aljeriya]], dake cikin jihar Biskra . An kafa shi a cikin 1983, '''Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra''' wata cibiyar ilimi ce ta jama'a mai zaman kanta wacce take a cikin birni na tsakiyar birni na Biskra (yawan yawan mazaunan 500,000-1,000,000). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Université Mohamed Khider Biskra |url=http://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/ |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=univ-biskra.dz}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Bincike ta Kimiyya ta ba da izini bisa hukuma da / ko kuma ta amince da ita, <ref>{{Cite web |title=SERVICES : Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique |url=https://www.mesrs.dz/en_US/services |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=www.mesrs.dz |archive-date=2022-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319221213/https://www.mesrs.dz/en_US/services |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra''' (UMKB) babbar ce ( kewayon rajista na UniRank: ɗalibai 30,000-34,999) cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi, tana ba da kwasa-kwasan. da shirye-shiryen da ke haifar da shaidar digiri na ilimi a hukumance kamar digiri na farko, digiri na biyu, digiri na uku a fannonin karatu da yawa. <ref>"University Overview". ''uniRank''. https://www.4icu.org/reviews/7768.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529050819/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/7768.htm |date=2024-05-29 }}</ref> Jami'ar ta samo asali ne a cikin cibiyoyi na kasa guda uku waɗanda ke da tsarin gudanarwa, da koyarwa, da kuma masu zaman kansu na kuɗi: ''Cibiyar Nazarin Hydraulics ta ƙasa'', ''Cibiyar Gine-gine ta ƙasa'', ''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa'' . Wadannan cibiyoyi guda uku sun zama cibiyar jami'a a shekarar 1992, cibiyar jami'a ta zama '''Jami'ar Mohamed Khider ta Biskra''' a shekarar 1998, yanzu jami'ar tana da kwalejoji shida. <ref>"Presentations". ''University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/university/presentations</ref> == Kididdiga == Adadin dalibai a Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra na shekara ta 2017/2018 ya kai dalibai 32,582 a matakin farko, na biyu, da na uku, gami da daliban kasashen waje 230 daga kasashe 11.Jami'ar tana da dakunan karatu 9, tare da damar daukar kujeru 6,860. Gidajen karatu suna dauke da kwafin 532,923 na littattafai 86726 da labarai a fannoni daban-daban na kimiyya, fasaha, zamantakewa, da wallafe-wallafen. Amma ga ƙarshen binciken, masters, da takardun digiri, sun kai lakabi 11860 .Adadin labaran da aka buga a cikin mujallu na duniya har zuwa watan Agusta 2017 ya kai labaran 1781 (Scopus) na aji B. Jami'ar tana da yarjejeniyoyi 34 na kasa da kasa tare da jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike tare da kasashe daban-daban, yayin da a matakin ƙasa akwai yarjejeniyoyi 38 tare da jami-o'i le cibiyoyin jami'i da dakunan bincike na kimiyya ban da cibiyoyi na kasa.<ref>"Report of the regular session of the university's Board of Directors". ''University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. 15 Nov. 2017, http://univ-biskra.dz/images//crsi2018/presnt-univ-2018.pdf</ref>A cewar [http://www.example.org UniRank] matsayin kasa na '''Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra''' shine 05 kuma matsayi na kasa da kasa shine 3166. == Tarihin Tarihi na Jami'ar Mohamed Khider Biskra <ref>"Historical landmarks". University of Mohamed Khider Biskra. http://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/university/presentations</ref> == === Dokokin Zartarwa Kafa Jami'ar Biskra === ==== Mataki na farko: Cibiyoyin Kasa (1984-1992) ==== Jami'ar Biskra ta samo asali ne daga cibiyoyin kasa guda uku waɗanda ke da ikon gudanarwa, koyarwa da kuma cin gashin kansu. * Cibiyar Hydraulics ta Kasa (Dokar No. 254-84, ta 18/08/1984). * Cibiyar Nazarin Gine-gine ta Kasa (doka ta 253-84, ta 05/08/1984). * Cibiyar Nazarin Electrotechnics ta Kasa (doka n °: 169-86, na 18/08/1986). ==== Mataki na biyu: Cibiyar Jami'ar (1992-1998) ==== Wadannan cibiyoyin uku sun zama cibiyar jami'a ta hanyar doka: 295-92, na 07/07/1992.Tun daga shekara ta 1992, wasu cibiyoyin sun fito: * Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya. * Cibiyar Injiniyanci. * Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki. * Cibiyar Ilimin Lantarki. * Cibiyar Littattafan Larabci. * Cibiyar Ilimin Jama'a. ==== Mataki na Uku: Jami'ar (tun 1998) ==== Dokar n ° 219-98, na: 07.07.1998 ya canza Cibiyar Jami'ar zuwa Jami'ar Kwalejin 03 .Dokar Zartarwa 255-04 na 24/08/2004: gyaran Dokar Zartwa 219-98 na 07/07/1998, ta shirya Jami'ar Biskra a cikin fannoni huɗu (04): * Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya. * Faculty of Arts, Humanities da Social Sciences. * Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa. * Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa. ==== Yanayin Yanzu ==== Biye da dokar zartarwa na 90-09 kwanan wata: 17/02/2009, kuma a Dokar zartarwa 129-14, jami'ar ta ƙidaya a yau shida (06) da kuma daya (01) cibiyar: * Faculty of the exact sciences, natural and life sciences. * Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. * Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa. * Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki, Kasuwanci da Kimiyya. * Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha. * Kwalejin Fasaha da Harsuna. * Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasahar Ayyuka da Wasanni (ISTAPS). Bayan gyaran labarin na 4 na dokar zartarwa na 219-98, jami'ar, ban da babban sakatariyar da babban ɗakin karatu, sun hada da mataimakin shugaban 04: * Mataimakin Rectorate wanda ke kula da ilimi mafi girma a matakin digiri da digiri, ci gaba da ilimi da difloma, da kuma horo na digiri. * Mataimakin Rectorate wanda ke kula da horar da digiri, jami'a da bincike na kimiyya, da kuma karatun digiri na biyu. * Mataimakin Rectorate na Dangantaka ta waje, Haɗin Kai, Animation da Sadarwa, da Ayyukan Kimiyya. * Mataimakin Rectorate wanda ke kula da Shirye-shiryen da Jagora. === Rectors na Jami'ar Biskra (daga 1983 zuwa yau) === * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/6berkat.jpg BARKAT Morad] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/5bahri.jpg BAHRI Mebarek] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/4saker.jpg SAKER Mohamed Larbi] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/3rezgui.jpg RZGUI Ali] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/2djedi.jpg DJEDI Noureddine] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/1slaatnia.jpg SELATNIA Belkacem] * [http://univ-biskra.dz/images/stories/recteurs/recteur.jpg BOUTARFAIA Ahmed] Shugaban yanzu. == Faculty / Cibiyar <ref>"Faculties and Departments". University of Mohamed Khider Biskra. http://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/university/faculties-and-departments {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729094326/https://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/university/faculties-and-departments |date=2021-07-29 }}</ref> == === Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki, Kasuwanci da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa === Bude filin horo a fannin tattalin arziki, kasuwanci, da gudanarwa a Jami'ar Biskra ya samo asali ne daga 1991. A wannan lokacin, kwalejin ta yi nasarar tayar da ƙalubale da yawa, musamman tsarin koyarwa da gudanarwa. Wannan ya ba da damar samun sakamako na ƙwararru sosai dangane da horo a cikin digiri da kuma bayan digiri tare da kashi kaɗan a fagen binciken kimiyya da sabis na al'umma. Kwalejin ta kai sabon mataki ta hanyar nada dukkan masu amfani da ita, farfesa da dalibai don tayar da wasu ƙalubalen da suka dace da abin da aka bayyana a cikin aikin ma'aikatar da aka amince da shi a cikin 2018, wanda bai ware wani bangare na kyakkyawan shugabanci ba don inganta aikin koyarwa, binciken kimiyya da sauran fannoni na rayuwar jami'a. === Faculty of The Exact Sciences, Natural, da Life Sciences === Faculty of Exact, Natural and Life Sciences a Jami'ar Mohamed Khider da ke Biskra shine sakamakon sake fasalin Faculty na Injiniya Kimiyya da Kimiyya a karkashin Dokar Zartarwa 90-09 na 17 ga Fabrairu 2009.A fannin ƙasa, bangaren yana kan shafuka biyu, na farko a Jami'ar Tsakiya, kuma na biyu a kan gungumen El-hadjeb, an tsara shi a cikin sassan koyarwa 06 (mathematics, kimiyyar kwamfuta, kimiyyyar kayan aiki, kimiyyan noma, yanayi da kimiyyar rayuwa, da kimiyyyyar duniya da sararin samaniya). Wadannan sassan suna ba da karatun Bachelor, Master, da Doctorate a cikin tsarin LMD, da kuma Injiniya da Magister a cikin tsarin gargajiya (a kan hanyar halaka).Har ila yau, ma'aikatar tana da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na koyarwa 34, ɗakunan kwamfuta 23, da ɗakunan karatu 2, Har ila yau suna ƙunshe da dakunan bincike guda tara waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa a gefe guda ga inganta binciken kimiyya kuma a gefe guda don gudanar da tsarin rubutun a cikin tsarin horar da digiri.<ref>"Presentation". ''Faculty of The Exact Sciences, Natural, and Life Sciences/ University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://fsesnv.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/facultes-2/presentation {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303081108/https://fsesnv.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/facultes-2/presentation |date=2022-03-03 }}</ref> === Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha === Ma'aikatar koyarwa ce da bincike na kimiyya a fannin kimiyya da ilimi. Ana ɗaukar bangaren kimiyya da fasaha a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan bangarorin Jami'ar Mohammed KHIDER. An kirkireshi ne a shekara ta 2009 biyo bayan dokar zartarwa N ° 90/09 don kirkirar Jami'ar Biskra da aka buga a cikin Jaridar Jamhuriyar Aljeriya No. 12 na 17/02/2009.<ref>"Presentation". ''Faculty of Science and Technology/ University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://fst.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/administration-2/presentation</ref> === Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa === An kafa Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Tattalin Arziki ta hanyar Dokar No. 98-219 7 ga Yulin 1998, ta kafa Jami'ar Biskra. An yi wa dokar gyare-gyare ta hanyar Dokar Zartarwa No. 04- 255 mai kwanan wata 29 ga watan Agusta 2004, inda aka raba Faculty of Law daga Faculty na Tattalin Arziki. Kimiyya ta Siyasa, kuma ta haɗa da sassan biyu: Ma'aikatar Shari'a, da Ma'auratan Kimiyya ta siyasa da Dangantaka ta Duniya.<ref>"Presentation". ''Faculty of Law and Political Science/ University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://fdsp.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/administration/presentation {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609190104/https://fdsp.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/administration/presentation |date=2024-06-09 }}</ref> === Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences === An kafa Faculty of Human and Social Sciences a karkashin Dokar Zartarwa No 90-09 na 21st Safar 1430 wanda ya dace da 17 Fabrairu 2009 yana gyarawa da kammala Dokar Zartaka No 219-98 na 13th Rabiaa 1st 1419 wanda ya dace le 7 Yuli 1998 kuma game da kafa Jami'ar Biskra. Shafin yanar gizon Faculty of Human and Social Sciences yana a Jami'ar Pole na garin Chetma kuma ya ƙunshi Sashen Kimiyya na Jama'a, Sashen Kimiния na Dan Adam, da Sashen Ilimi da Wasanni.<ref>"The Creation". ''Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences/ University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://fshs.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/about-the-faculty/the-creation</ref> === Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasahar Ayyuka da Wasanni (ISTAPS) === An kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasahar Ayyuka na Jiki da Wasanni a Jami'ar Mohamed Khayder - Biskra - a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 2014, daidai da Dokar Zartarwa No. 14-129 5 ga Afrilun 2014, da kuma karawa Dokar Zartaka No. 98-219 na 7 ga Yuli 1998 wanda ya haɗa da kafa Jami'ar.<ref>"Presentation". ''Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Physical Activities and Sports (ISTAPS)/ University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://istaps.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/2015-02-16-08-09-2/presentation</ref> === Kwalejin Fasaha da Harsuna === === Ayyuka na yau da kullun <ref>"Organigram of umkBISKRA". ''University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://univbiskra.dz/index.php/en/university/organigram{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === * Cibiyar Koyar da Harshe mai zurfi * Cibiyar Cibiyoyin sadarwa, Bayanai da Tsarin Sadarwa * Ofishin Buga * Rukunin rigakafi == Gudanarwa <ref>"Administrations". ''University of Mohamed Khider Biskra''. http://univ-biskra.dz/index.php/en/university/administration</ref> == === Rectorate === * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru BOUTARFAIA Ahmed''': Rector na Jami'ar Biskra * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru BIRACH Abdelmalik''': Mataimakin Rector wanda ke kula da ilimi mafi girma a matakin digiri da digiri, ci gaba da ilimi, difloma, da horar da digiri. * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru DEBABECHE Mahmoud''': Mataimakin Rector wanda ke kula da alakar waje, hadin kai, motsa jiki, sadarwa, da abubuwan kimiyya. * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faruZEMMOURI Noureddine''': Mataimakin Rector wanda ke kula da horar da digiri na biyu, habilitation na jami'a, bincike na kimiyya, da kuma karatun digiri na biyu. * Dr.BENAICHI Elhadj: Mataimakin Rector wanda ke kula da Ci gaba, hangen nesa, da Gudanarwa. * Mr.DJOUDI ya ce: Shugaban ma'aikata. === Deans na Faculty === * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru DEBABECHE Adberraouf:''' Faculty of Law and Political Science.Kwalejin Shari'a da Kimiyya ta Siyasa. * Dr.ROUINA Abdelhafid: Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha. * ''' Dokta KETIRI Brahim:''' Kwalejin Fasaha da Harsuna. * '''Ka yi la'akari da abin da ya faru ATTAF Abdallah:''' Faculty of the exact sciences, natural and life sciences. * '''Dokta MISSOUM Belkacem:''' Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. * '''Dokta Djoudi Hanane:''' Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki, Kasuwanci, da Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa. * '''Dokta BOUAROURI Djaafar:''' Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasahar Ayyuka da Wasanni (ISTAPS). == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gidgo5c3htjohd3vzzhnxosh1vg1lru 0 79241 891749 579073 2026-08-05T19:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar All Nations''' ta kafa ta Rev. Dr. Samuel Donkor a [[Ghana]]. Ya fara ne da dalibai 37 a watan Oktoba 2002 kuma yanzu ya fadada zuwa sama da dalibai 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History – All Nations University College |url=https://anuc.edu.gh/history/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712203854/https://anuc.edu.gh/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zama kwalejin jami'a a Ghana a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NAB |title=All Nations University College |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=National Accreditation Board |language=en-gb |archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221181053/http://www.nab.gov.gh/private-tertiary-institutions-offering-degree-programmes/125-all-nations-university-college |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jami'ar tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyar Kimiyya da Tattalin Arziki ta SRM ([[Indiya]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The President – All Nations University College |url=https://anuc.edu.gh/personnel/6490/ |access-date=2020-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712203825/https://anuc.edu.gh/personnel/6490/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2020, Shugaban Ghana ya ba All Nations takardar shaidar shugaban kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-29 |title=Pentecost, All Nations University receive presidential charters |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Pentecost-All-Nations-University-receive-presidential-charters-964867 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=Communications |title=President Akufo-Addo Presents Charters To Pentecost University And All Nations University |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university |access-date=2020-07-05 |website=presidency.gov.gh |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214104801/https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1594-president-akufo-addo-presents-charters-to-pentecost-university-and-all-nations-university |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jami'ar All Nations tana cikin Koforidua a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Yankin Gabas]] Ghana . == Shirye-shiryen == Jami'ar tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a cikin Injiniyan Man fetur da Gas, Injiniyan Biomedical, Injiniya na Kwamfuta, Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta (Hons.), Electronics, Injiniyar Sadarwa, Kasuwanci, Gudanar da Albarkatun Mutum, Kudi & Kudi, Lissafi da Tallace-tallace gami da Nursing da Nazarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki. == Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci == A watan Yulin 2017, an kaddamar da tauraron dan adam na farko na Ghana a sararin samaniya daga tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya. GhanaSat-1 an tsara ta, an tattara ta, kuma an gwada ta da dalibai uku daga jami'ar.[1] Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kyushu (Kyutech) ce ta goyi bayan aikin a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin [[Tauraron dan adam|Satellite]] na Ƙungiyoyin Tsuntsaye na Duniya, wanda shine aikin tauraron dan adam na ƙetare kan iyaka don ƙasashen da ba na sararin samaniya ba wanda Japan ke tallafawa. An watsa shirye-shirye tauraron dan adam kai tsaye kuma sama da mutane 400 ne suka kalli Jami'ar All Nations. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Engineering_School_ANU.jpg|alt=All Nations University (ANU) School of Engineering at All Nations University, Koforidua Site.|Jami'ar All Nations (ANU) Makarantar Injiniya a Jami'ar Dukkanin, Koforidua Site. Fayil:All_Nations_University_Corridor.jpg|alt=Infinite Corridor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Ƙarshen Hanyar Jami'ar All Nations (ANU). Fayil:All_Nations_University_second_floor.jpg|alt=Second floor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Fasali na biyu a Jami'ar All Nations (ANU). Fayil:All_Nations_University_2.jpg|alt=Third floor entrance to the All Nations University (ANU).|Ƙofar bene na uku zuwa Jami'ar All Nations (ANU). Fayil:All_Nations_University_3.jpg|alt=Stairwell on the third floor in the All Nations University (ANU).|Stairwella bene na uku a Jami'ar All Nations (ANU). </gallery> == Bayani == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://gtec.edu.gh/ Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana] * [http://www.anuc.edu.gh Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [https://www.facebook.com/anuc.edu.gh haɗa kai da mu] * [http://www.srmuniv.edu.in/ Jami'ar SRM] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Ghana]] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i]] kbcsxoofke1926s8w01qdo1uc1gigoo 0 79668 891718 886600 2026-08-05T15:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Pupils at a public elementary school in Kwara State.jpg|thumb|Hutun yara na karatu Ilimi a Najeriya]] [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]] ce ke kula da '''Ilimi a Najeriya'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://education.gov.ng/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar suna da alhakin aiwatar da manufofin da ke karkashin kulawar jihar game da ilimin jami'a da makarantun jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education System in Nigeria and How Far We Have Gone: A brief History : Study Driller |url=https://www.studydriller.com/education-system-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.studydriller.com}}</ref> An raba tsarin ilimi zuwa Kindergarten, ''Primary education, Secondary education, da Tertiary education.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-02-07 |title=Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924212251/https://www.k12academics.com/Education |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya]] ta mamaye rashin kwanciyar hankali tun lokacin da ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya, kuma a sakamakon haka, har yanzu ba a aiwatar da manufofin ilimi da suka dace ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajibade |first=B.O. |date=2019 |title=Knowledge and Certificate based System: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria's Educational System |url=https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/download/2995/2884/ |url-status=dead |journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science, Linguistics and Education |volume=19 |issue=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721025750/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/download/2995/2884 |archive-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> Bambance-bambance na yanki a cikin inganci, tsarin karatun, da kudade suna nuna tsarin ilimi a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aminu |first=Jibril |date=1990 |title=Education in Nigeria: Overcoming Adversity |journal=Journal of Education Finance |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=581–586 |jstor=40703846}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Abdullahi |first=Danjuma |last2=Abdullah |first2=John |date=June 2014 |title=The Political Will and Quality Basic Education in Nigeria |url=http://jppgnet.com/journals/holy/Vol_2_No_2_June_2014/5.pdf |journal=Journal of Power, Politics, and Governance |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–100 |access-date=2024-06-14 |archive-date=2020-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113071011/http://jppgnet.com/journals/jppg/Vol_2_No_2_June_2014/5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu, Najeriya tana da mafi yawan matasa masu karatu a duniya.<ref name=":4" /> Tsarin ilimi a Najeriya ya kasu kashi biyu na jama'a inda ɗalibi ke biyan kuɗi ne kawai ga Kungiyar Iyaye Malamai (PTA) yayin da masu zaman kansu inda dalibai ke biyan kuɗin makaranta da wasu kudade kamar wasanni, kudaden jarrabawa, kudaden kwamfuta da sauransu. kuma suna da tsada <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |title=Nigeria's public school system, a blow |url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/nigerias-public-school-system-a-blow/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of the Best Private Schools in Nigeria from NAPPS |url=https://www.nappsng.org/schools/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |publisher=National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools (NAPPS), Nigeria |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017121456/https://www.nappsng.org/schools/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-15 |title=top 20 primary schools in lagos state {{!}} SchoolsCompassBlog |url=https://schoolscompass.com.ng/blog/2020/01/15/20-primary-schools-in-lagos/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ilimi a makarantun Najeriya yana faruwa ne da Turanci. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2022, Ministan Ilimi, Adamu ya ba da sanarwar shirin gwamnati don soke koyarwa da Turanci a makarantun firamare don tallafawa yarukan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-01 |title=Nigeria to abolish English language for teaching in primary schools |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/12/01/nigeria-to-abolish-english-language-for-teaching-in-primary-schools/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi na firamare == [[Fayil:Nigeria_Primary_School_Enrolment_by_state_in_2013.svg|thumb|Shigar da Makarantar Firamare ta Najeriya ta jihar a 2013]] Ilimi na firamare ya fara ne a kusa da shekaru 5 ga yawancin 'yan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Itodo Daniel |last2=Emmanuel |first2=Hope Abah |last3=Alabi |first3=Christiana T. |last4=Adebayo |first4=Ismail |last5=Eleweke |first5=Titus |last6=Imam |first6=Abubakar |last7=Bashir |first7=Misbahu |date=2019-06-24 |title=Thousands of pupils skip primary 5 and 6 to JSS1 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/thousands-of-pupils-skip-primary-5-and-6-to-jss1.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730234315/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/thousands-of-pupils-skip-primary-5-and-6-to-jss1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dalibai sunayin shekaru shida a makarantar firamare kuma suna kammala karatu tare da takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare sun haɗa da lissafi, harshen Ingilishi, Ilimin Addini na Kirista, Ilimin Musulunci, Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona, Tattalin Arziki na Gida da ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsuna da al'adu guda uku: [[Hausa–Fulani|Hausa-Fulani]], [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]], da [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education Profile |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/about-nigeria/education-profile/ |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Nigeria}}</ref> Makarantu masu zaman kansu suna ba da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, Faransanci, da Fine Arts. Ana buƙatar ɗaliban makarantar firamare su ɗauki jarrabawar shigarwa ta kowa don samun cancanta don shiga makarantun sakandare na Tarayya da na Jiha, da kuma makarantun masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Straightup |title=National Policy of Education in Nigeria |url=https://straightupnaija.com/national-policy-of-education-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin shekara ta 1976, manufofin ilimi har yanzu ana tsara su ne ta hanyar manufofin mulkin mallaka na zamanin mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaleye |first=Habeeb |title=The Educational Policies in Nigeria before 1960 till date. |url=https://www.academia.edu/25722572 |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1976, an kafa shirin Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Csapo |first=Marg |date=March 1983 |title=Universal Primary Education in Nigeria: Its Problems and Implications |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/universal-primary-education-in-nigeria-its-problems-and-implications/AC5563A7F5F6669E9C6D139D615FB13D |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=91–106 |doi=10.2307/524612 |issn=0002-0206 |jstor=524612 |s2cid=145379274}}</ref> Wannan shirin ya fuskanci matsaloli da yawa kuma daga baya aka sake shi a cikin 1981 da 1990. An kafa Ilimi na asali na Duniya (UBE) a cikin 1999 kuma wannan ya zo ne a matsayin maye gurbin Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya kuma an yi niyyar inganta nasarar shekaru tara na farko na makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Basic Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/universal-basic-education-nigeria |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Centre For Public Impact (CPI) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Basic Education Commission {{!}} Home |url=https://www.ubec.gov.ng/ |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=www.ubec.gov.ng |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607050729/https://www.ubec.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''UBE'' ya ƙunshi shekaru 6 na ilimin makarantar firamare da shekaru 3 na ilimin makarantar sakandare ta Junior, wanda ya ƙare a cikin shekaru 9 na makaranta ba tare da katsewa ba, kuma sauyawa daga ɗayan aji zuwa wani yana da atomatik amma an ƙaddara ta hanyar ci gaba da kimantawa. Hukumar Ilimi ta Duniya, UBEC, ce ke kula da wannan makircin, kuma ta sanya shi "kyauta", "tilas" da kuma "dama" na kowane yaro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UBEC |title=About UBEC. Universal Basic Education Commission |url=http://ubeconline.com/about_ubec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220030747/http://ubeconline.com/about_ubec.html |archive-date=20 February 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref>Saboda haka, sashin dokar ''UBEC'' na 15 ya bayyana UBE a matsayin kula da yara da ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=» Nigerian Educational System |url=http://tens-niger.com/about-tens/nigerian-educational-system/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303100557/http://tens-niger.com/about-tens/nigerian-educational-system/ |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokar ta ce karatun shekara 9, ilimin manya da ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba, shirye-shiryen samun ƙwarewa, da kuma ilimin kungiyoyi na musamman kamar makiyaya da baƙi, yarinya da mata, [[Almajiri|Al-majiri]], daga makaranta da nakasassu (Aderinoye, 2007). == Ilimi na sakandare a yankunan karkara na Najeriya == Makarantar sakandare ita ce hanyar haɗi tsakanin matakan firamare da sakandare na ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Definition of SECONDARY SCHOOL |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/secondary+school |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Hanyar ilimin ne da yara ke samu bayan karatun firamare kuma kafin matakin sakandare (Solomon, 2015). Dalibai suna ciyar da shekaru shida a Makarantar Sakandare, wanda shine shekaru 3 na JSS (Makarantar Sakandare), da shekaru 3 na SSS (Mamar Makarantar Sakandaren). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yahaya |first=Abdulwali |date=2019-10-03 |title=6-3-3-4 & 9-3-4 System of Education in Nigeria: All You Need Know |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/6-3-3-4-9-3-4-system-of-education-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231556/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/6-3-3-4-9-3-4-system-of-education-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekaru 3 na ilimin makarantar sakandare, ɗalibai za su ɗauki batutuwa kamar lissafi, Turanci, [[Ilimin zamantakewa|Nazarin Jama'a]], al'adu da zane-zane, kimiyya da fasaha na asali, karatun kafin sana'a, Faransanci, ilimin kasuwanci, Tattalin Arziki na Gida, Nazarin Kwamfuta ko Fine Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fidelis |first=Abigail |date=2018-09-03 |title=Evolution of junior secondary school in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1188707-evolution-junior-secondary-school-nigeria.html |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Babban tsarin karatun sakandare ya dogara ne akan batutuwa 4 da aka kammala ta batutuwa 4 ko 5 da aka zaɓa. Babban batutuwa sune: Turanci; lissafi; Tattalin Arziki; Ilimi na Jama'a; ɗaya ko fiye da zaɓuɓɓuka daga Biology, Chemistry, Physics don aji na kimiyya; ɗaya ko mafi yawan zaɓuɓɓugar daga cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, Tarihi, Yanayi, Kimiyya na Aikin Gona ko batun sana'a wanda ya haɗa da: Kula da Littattafai, Kasuwanci, Abinci da Abinci, Zane na fasaha tsakanin sauran batutuwa 17.<ref name="IBE">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=World data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Nigeria.pdf |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE}}</ref> Bayan BECE, ɗalibai na iya shiga Kwalejin fasaha. Shirin karatun waɗannan kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru 3 kuma yana haifar da takardar shaidar kasuwanci / sana'a.<ref name="UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Vocational education in Nigeria |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=NGA#par0_2 |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728115415/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=NGA#par0_2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ta kunshi Jihohi talatin da shida da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]] kuma akwai kimanin Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya guda biyu a kowace jiha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-30 |title=Full list of Federal Unity Schools in Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/fg-colleges-full-list-of-federal-unity-schools-in-nigeria/0p1dd2g |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]] ce ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da waɗannan makarantu kai tsaye ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Administration, Finance, Educational Research |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1106/Nigeria-ADMINISTRATION-FINANCE-EDUCATIONAL-RESEARCH.html |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai Makarantun Kwamandan da Sojojin Najeriya ke gudanarwa da sauran makarantun soja da Sojoji da Sojojan Ruwa ke gudanarwa. Malaman da ke son koyarwa a makarantun Najeriya dole ne su sami ko dai Takardar shaidar Kasa a Ilimi, digiri na farko a ilimi ko digiri na farko na farko a fannin batun da aka haɗa tare da difloma na digiri na biyu a ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Certificate In Education NCE |url=https://www.nti.edu.ng/programmes/nigeria-certificate-in-education-nce/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=National Teachers Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517091912/https://www.nti.edu.ng/programmes/nigeria-certificate-in-education-nce/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TEACHERS REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA – TEACHERS REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA |url=https://trcn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713091127/https://trcn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan makarantu ya kamata su zama makarantun misali da ke ɗaukarwa da kiyaye manufofin ilimin sakandare ga ɗaliban Najeriya. Shigarwa ya dogara ne akan cancanta, wanda aka ƙaddara ta jarrabawar shigarwa ta kasa da duk ɗaliban makarantar firamare na shekara ta ƙarshe suka ɗauka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AllSchool |date=2021-04-02 |title=Common Entrance Examination (NCEE) Registration Form 2021 |url=https://www.allschool.com.ng/ncee-registration-form/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Allschool |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517092435/https://www.allschool.com.ng/ncee-registration-form/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kudin karatu da kudade suna da ƙarancin gaske, kusan naira dubu ashirin da biyar ($ 69.08) saboda wani ɓangare na kudade ya fito ne daga [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]]. Makarantun sakandare na jihar suna samun tallafi daga Gwamnatin jihar kuma ba za a iya kwatanta su da kwalejojin gwamnatin Tarayya ba.<ref name="Education Profile">{{Cite web |title=Education Profile |url=http://ng.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/about-nigeria/education-profile/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Kodayake, ilimi ya kamata ya zama kyauta a mafi yawan Cibiyoyin mallakar jihar, ana buƙatar ɗalibai su sayi littattafai, tufafi da biyan kuɗi don abubuwa daban-daban wanda ke biyan su matsakaicin naira dubu hamsin ($ 130 a cikin shekara ɗaya ta ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2020 |title=5 Issues Nigeria Must Address to Ensure Every Child Can Access a Quality Education |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/issues-nigeria-must-address-quality-education/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Malamai a cibiyoyin mallakar gwamnati yawanci suna da Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta Kasa ko digiri na farko, amma wannan ba koyaushe ba ne saboda yawancin makarantun sakandare a Najeriya suna cike da malamai marasa cancanta waɗanda ba su iya motsa ɗaliban su ba, waɗannan makarantun galibi ba su da ma'aikata saboda ƙananan kasafin kuɗi na jihar, rashin karfafawa da rashin daidaito a biyan albashin ma'aikata. Wasu makarantun sakandare na jihar ana daukar su a matsayin kwalejoji masu daraja saboda tarihin ilimi da tsofaffi waɗanda suka zama fitattun 'yan ƙasa kuma sun ci nasara a cikin ayyuka daban-daban. Koyaya, matsayi na kwalejin waɗannan cibiyoyin tun lokacin da ya ragu saboda isowar wasu cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu. Makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu a Najeriya suna da tsada sosai tare da matsakaicin kudade daga naira dubu ɗari biyu da hamsin zuwa naira miliyan ɗaya ($ 652.00 - $ 2600.00) a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public and low-cost private schools in Lagos: a comparative study {{!}} Unite for Quality Education |url=https://www.unite4education.org/global-response/public-and-low-cost-private-schools-in-lagos-a-comparative-study/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517131110/https://www.unite4education.org/global-response/public-and-low-cost-private-schools-in-lagos-a-comparative-study/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> &nbsp;Wadannan makarantu suna da ƙananan azuzuwan (kimanin dalibai goma zuwa ashirin a kowane aji), kayan aiki na zamani da kuma yanayin ilmantarwa mafi kyau. Yawancin malamai a cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin suna da aƙalla digiri na farko a cikin takamaiman yanki kuma ana aika su don bita ko shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci akai-akai. == Gwaje-gwaje na gabatarwa == Tare da gabatar da tsarin ilimi na 6-3-3-4 a Najeriya, mai karɓar ilimi zai ciyar da shekaru shida a makarantar firamare, shekaru uku a makarantar sakandare, shekaru uku na babbar makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-27 |title=CONFUSION IN EDUCATION: 9-3-4, 6-3-3-4, 1-6-3-4, British, American or which curriculum? |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/06/confusion-in-education-9-3-4-6-3-3-4-1-6-3-4-british-american-or-which-curriculum/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru shida da aka yi a makarantar firamare da shekaru uku da aka yi amfani da su a makarantar sakandare sun haɗu don samar da tara a cikin tsarin 9-4-4. Gabaɗaya, ɗalibai dole ne su ciyar da mafi ƙarancin shekaru shida a Makarantar Sakandare. A wannan lokacin, ana sa ran dalibai za su yi shekaru uku a makarantar sakandare ta Junior da shekaru uku a babbar makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ekundayo |first=Omowumi Olabode Steven |date=26 March 2019 |title=Education in Nigeria is in a mess from top to bottom. Five things can fix it |url=http://theconversation.com/education-in-nigeria-is-in-a-mess-from-top-to-bottom-five-things-can-fix-it-112894 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) an maye gurbin ta da Babban Takardar Shaidar Sakandare (SSCE). <ref name="Education Profile"/> Ana gudanar da SSCE a ƙarshen karatun sakandare a watan Mayu / Yuni. Ana gudanar da GCE a watan Oktoba / Nuwamba a matsayin kari ga waɗancan ɗaliban da ba su sami ƙididdigar da ake buƙata daga sakamakon SSCE ba. Ka'idodin gwaje-gwaje biyu iri ɗaya ne. Wata kungiya da ake kira Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) tana gudanar da SSCE da GCE. Matsakaicin tara da akalla batutuwa bakwai ana yin rajista don jarrabawar ta kowane dalibi tare da Lissafi da Harshen Ingilishi da aka ɗauka a matsayin tilas. Ana ba da matsakaicin maki tara ga kowane batun daga: A1, B2, B3 (Kamar da Matsayi na Bambanci); C4, C5, C6 (Kamarka da Matsayi); D7, E8 (Kamar Gasar Kasuwanci); F9 (Kamarar Rashin Gaskiya). Matsayi na bashi da sama an dauke su da isasshen ilimi don shiga kowane Jami'a a Najeriya. A wasu shirye-shiryen karatu, yawancin jami'o'i na iya buƙatar maki mafi girma don samun shiga. Manufofin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]] game da ilimi sun amince da dukkan makarantun sakandare a [[Najeriya]]. Shekaru shida na makarantar firamare suna biye da shekaru shida na makarantar sakandare. Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior ta ƙunshi JSS1, JSS2 da JSS3 waɗanda suka yi daidai da aji na 7, 8 da 9 yayin da makarantar sakandare ta Senior ta ƙunshi SS I, SS 2, da SS 3 wanda ya yi daidai da digiri na 10, 11 da 12. Ana gudanar da jarrabawar makarantar sakandare (SSCE) a ƙarshen SS 3. Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) tana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje biyu. Watanni uku zuwa shida bayan dalibi ya dauki jarrabawar SSCE, ana ba su takardar hukuma daga ma'aikatarsu. Wannan rubutun yana da inganci na shekara guda, bayan haka an bayar da rubutun hukuma daga Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=MIGRATING TO CANADA FROM NIGERIA: GETTING YOUR CREDENTIALS ASSESSED |url=https://www.immigroup.com/news/migrating-canada-nigeria-getting-your-credentials-assessed |website=Immigroup |language=en}}</ref> [[Hukumar Jarabawa ta Kasa (Nijeriya)|Majalisar jarrabawar Kasa]] wata kungiya ce ta jarrabawa a Najeriya; tana gudanar da jarrabawar Makarantar Sakandare (SSCE) a watan Yuni / Yuli. Har ila yau, hukumar tana gudanar da Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a watan Disamba / Janairu. Dalibai galibi suna ɗaukar jarrabawar WAEC da NECO a cikin SSS 3. == Ilimi na kasa da kasa == Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2015, Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Duniya ([https://www.iscresearch.com/schools ISC]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - ISC Research |url=https://www.iscresearch.com/ |website=www.iscresearch.com}}</ref> ta lissafa Najeriya a matsayin mai makarantu 129 na kasa da kasa.<ref name="iscresearch.com">{{Cite web |title=International School Consultancy Group > Information > ISC News |url=http://www.iscresearch.com/information/isc-news.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000123/http://www.iscresearch.com/information/isc-news.aspx |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref> "ISC ta bayyana makarantar kasa da kasa a matsayin makarantu waɗanda ke ba da tsarin karatu ga kowane haɗuwa da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, firamare ko sakandare, gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare a Turanci a waje da ƙasar da ke magana da Turanci, ko kuma idan makaranta a cikin ƙasa inda Turanci yake ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma, tana ba da tsarin karatun Ingilishi-tsaki ba banda tsarin karatun ƙasa na ƙasar kuma na duniya ne a cikin shiryayyarta. " Wannan ma'anar tana amfani da wallafe-wallafen ciki har da The Economist .<ref name="iscresearch.com" /> == Matakan A a Najeriya == Kwamitin Matriculation na wucin gadi (IJMB) shiri ne na ilimi na matakin ci gaba, wanda aka tsara don ɗaliban da ke da niyyar zuwa jami'a ba tare da shiga JAMB Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board ba ko dai digiri na farko ko shigarwa kai tsaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About IJMB - Requirements, Cost & Registration |url=https://ijmbweb.com.ng/apply |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=ijmbweb.com.ng }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jarabawar IJMB da farko don batutuwa na Advanced Level ne don shigarwa kai tsaye zuwa matakin 200 a cikin Jami'o'i. An tattara tsarin jarrabawar IJMB daidai da bukatun ilimi na kasa da kasa da bukatun shigarwa na Jami'o'i daban-daban, Najeriya da kasashen waje. Yana gudana na watanni 9 kuma yana da watanni 2. IJMB wani shirin ilimi ne na kasa wanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da shi, wanda [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]], ta tsara a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da Cibiyoyin Nazarin da ke da alaƙa da su a duk faɗar ƙasar. Shirin IJMB yana ba da dandamali wanda ke ba da damar 'yan takarar IJMB masu cin nasara don samun shigarwa kai tsaye a cikin Mataki 200 a Jami'o'in Najeriya da kasashen waje. Gwamnati ce ta amince da ita kuma tana da amincewar kasa da kasa. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun shiga cikin shekara ta biyu na kowane Cibiyar sakandare a Najeriya. IJMBE ta sami takardar shaidar Hukumar Jami'ar Najeriya (NUC) da Kwamitin Gudanar da Mataki na hadin gwiwa (JAMB) a matsayin shirin A'level wanda ya cancanta ga 'yan takara don samun shigar kai tsaye cikin Mataki 200 a cikin Jami'o'i bayan nasarar kammala shirin IJMB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is IJMB, Meaning of IJMB, How To Register For IJMB Program? |url=https://ijmbweb.com.ng/about-ijmb/ |access-date=2021-05-22 |website=IJMB - IJMB Website, IJMB Registration Portal & Admission |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423175109/http://www.ijmbweb.com.ng/about-ijmb/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Don ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto na tsarin IJMB, ana ba da shawarar aƙalla sa'o'i 8-10 a kowane mako, ayyukan IJMB da kuma filin sun haɗa. Za'a iya sake fasalin tsarin IJMB a kowace shekara takwas. Kwamitin jarrabawar Jami'o'i na hadin gwiwa (JUPEB) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://jupeb.edu.ng/ |website=jupeb.edu.ng}}</ref> wani shiri ne na matakin ci gaba wanda ke bawa dalibai damar shiga matakin 200 a yawancin jami'o'in Najeriya ta hanyar shiga kai tsaye (DE). Shirin yana gudana na kimanin watanni 8 kuma ana ba da shigarwa ta hanyar JAMB Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board duk da cewa ɗaliban da ke fuskantar wannan shirin ba sa buƙatar zama don jarrabawar Unified Tertiary Matriculation (UTME). JUPEB an amince da ita daga gwamnati kuma hukumar tana da alhakin ba da izini ga jami'o'in da za su iya gudanar da shirin. Yawancin jami'o'i a Najeriya suna karɓar JUPEB don shigarwa kai tsaye amma ba dukansu ba ne aka amince da su don gudanar da shirin <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=List of all Examination Bodies in Nigeria &#124; Campus Lead |url=https://campuslead.com.ng/list-of-all-examination-bodies-in-nigeria-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001012605/https://campuslead.com.ng/list-of-all-examination-bodies-in-nigeria-everything-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi na sakandare == [[Fayil:Open_University_of_Nigeria,_Lagos_Nigeria_01.jpg|thumb|[[Buɗaɗɗiyar Jami'a ta Ƙasa, Najeriya|Open Jami'ar Najeriya, Legas]]]] Gwamnati tana da iko da yawa na ilimin jami'a. Ilimi na sakandare a Najeriya ya kunshi [[Jami'a|Jami'o'i]] (na jama'a da masu zaman kansu), Polytechnics, Monotechnics, da Kwalejojin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESSPIN {{!}} Helping Nigeria create an education system sustainable, deliverable and equally beneficial to all |url=https://www.esspin.org/programme/education-in-nigeria-and-esspin |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=www.esspin.org |archive-date=2019-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916084758/http://esspin.org/programme/education-in-nigeria-and-esspin |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kasar tana da jimlar jami'o'i 153 da [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|NUC]] ta yi rajista daga cikinsu gwamnatin tarayya da ta jiha suna da 40 da 45 bi da bi yayin da jami'oʼi 68 ke da masu zaman kansu a watan Agusta, 2017 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedigba |first=Azeezat |date=2017-08-02 |title=Number of Nigerian universities may double as NUC considers 200 new private university applications - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/238940-number-nigerian-universities-may-double-nuc-considers-200-new-private-university-applications.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolaji |first=Funmilola |date=2020-04-30 |title=List of Universities in Nigeria as approved by NUC -2019 Latest Release |url=https://campusbiz.com.ng/list-of-universities-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-19 |website=Campusbiz Journal |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cewar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Najeriya tana da jami'o'in tarayya 43 da aka amince da su, jami'oʼin jihohi 47 da aka amince, jami'an masu zaman kansu 75 da aka amincewa, jami'ai 28 da aka amince a tarayya, jami'a masu zaman kansu 43, kwalejojin masu zaman kansu 51 da aka amince na tarayya 22, kwalejojin jihohi 47 le kwalejojin da aka amince.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EDU |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Don kara yawan jami'o'i a Najeriya, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba da sabbin jami'oʼi masu zaman kansu 9 lasisin su a watan Mayu 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2019-03-13 |title=Higher Education in Nigeria {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Higher%20Education%20Worldwide/higher-education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155704/https://www.k12academics.com/Higher%20Education%20Worldwide/higher-education-nigeria |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sunayen jami'o'in da suka sami lasisi a [[Abuja]] sun haɗa da, Jami'ar Augustine, Ilara, Legas; Jami'ar Chrisland, Owode, Jihar Ogun; Jami'an Christopher, Mowe, Jihar Оgun; Jamiʼar Hallmark, Ijebu-Itele, Jihar Ugun; Jami" Jami'ar Sarakuna, Ode-Omu, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]]; Jami'a Michael da Cecilia Ibru, Owhrode, Jihare Delta; Jami'arsa ta Mountain Top, Jami'a, Jihar Makogi / Oba Ogun; Jihar Ritman, Ikot-Epene, Jihar Akwa-Ibom da Jami'ar Summit, Jami'an Uwar Kwamitin Zartarwa na Tarayya na gwamnatin Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari, ya amince da kafa sabbin jami'o'i masu zaman kansu 20 a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2021, a Najeriya. Jerin da wurin sabbin Jami'o'in da aka amince da su kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=20 New Universities Lifts Private Varsities To 99 |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/20-new-universities-lifts-private-varsities-to-99/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |publisher=National Universities Commission |language=en-CA}}</ref> 1. Jami'ar Mudiame, Irrua, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] 2. Jami'ar Claretian, Nekede, Jihar Imo 3. Jami'ar Ave-Maria, Piyanko, Jihar Nasarawa 4. &nbsp;Jami'ar Topfaith, Mkpatak, Jihar Akwa Ibom 5. Jami'ar Maranatha, Mgbidi, Jihar Imo 6. Jami'ar Al-Istqama, Sumaila, Jihar Kano 7. Jami'ar Havilla, Nde-Ikom, Jihar Cross River 8. Jami'ar Karl Kumm, Vom, Jihar Plateau 9. Jami'ar Nok, Kachia, Jihar Kaduna 10. &nbsp;Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi, Oko Irese, Jihar Kwara 11. &nbsp;Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi, Jihar Kwara 12. Jami'ar Anan, Kwall, Jihar Plateau 13. Jami'ar Babban Birni, Kano, Jihar Kano 14. Jami'ar Edusoko, Bida, Jihar Nijar 15. Jami'ar James Hope, Agbor, Jihar Delta 16. &nbsp;Jami'ar Khadija, Majia, Jihar Jigawa 17. Maryam Abacha Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya, Kano, Jihar Kano 18. Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Mewar Najeriya, Masaka, Jihar Nasarawa 19. &nbsp;Jami'ar Philomath, Kuje, Abuja 20. &nbsp;Jami'ar Offa, Offa, Jihar Kwara. Bukatar shigarwa ta shekara ta farko a cikin mafi yawan jami'o'i a Najeriya sun haɗa da: Mafi ƙarancin SSCE / GCE na yau da kullun a matsakaicin zaman biyu; Mafi ƙaranci maki a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa da Matriculation (JAMB) jarrabawar shigarwa na 180 da sama daga matsakaicin alamomi 400 ana buƙatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-17 |title=The Easiest Way to Gain Admission into Nigerian Universities |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/articles/securing-admission-into-school/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Nigerian Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan takara tare da mafi ƙarancin Merit Pass a cikin Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta Kasa (NCE), Diploma na Kasa (ND) da sauran takaddun shaida na Advanced Level mafi ƙaranci ƙwarewa tare da mafiƙalla 5 O / L Credits ana ba su shigarwa kai tsaye cikin shirye-shiryen digiri na farko. Dalibai tare da takardun da ake buƙata yawanci suna shiga jami'a daga shekaru 17-18 zuwa gaba kuma suna karatu don digiri na ilimi. A tarihi, an raba jami'o'i zuwa matakai da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-02-07 |title=Education in Nigeria {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924212251/https://www.k12academics.com/Education |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na farko === Tarihin ilimin jami'a a Najeriya za a iya gano shi zuwa Hukumar Elliot ta 1943, wanda ya ƙare da kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan a cikin 1948. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdulrahman |first=Yusuf |title=Historical Development, Universities in Nigeria, Chronology and the Journey So Far |url=https://www.academia.edu/12809180 |journal=Department of Educational Foundations_University of Port Harcourt |via=Academia.edu}}</ref> Biyar daga cikin wadannan jami'o'in an kafa su ne tsakanin 1948 da 1965, biyo bayan shawarar Hukumar Ashby da Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta kafa don nazarin bukatar ilimin jami'a ga Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livsey |first=Timothy |year=2016 |title=Imagining an Imperial Modernity: Universities and the West African Roots of Colonial Development |url=http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/3293/3/Livsey%20imagining%20an%20imperial%20modernity.pdf |journal=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=952–975 |doi=10.1080/03086534.2016.1210305 |s2cid=159775041}}</ref> Wadannan jami'o'in suna samun cikakken tallafi daga [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya]]. An kafa su ne da farko don biyan bukatun ƙwararrun ma'aikata a Najeriya da kuma saita ƙa'idodi na asali don ilimin jami'a. Wadannan jami'o'i sun ci gaba da taka rawarsu don samar da ƙwararrun ma'aikata da samar da ka'idoji, waɗanda suka taimaka wajen jagorantar cibiyoyin da suka biyo baya na wasu tsararraki na jami'oʼi a Najeriya. Jami'o'i a cikin wannan matakin sune: * [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] * [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] * Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo * [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria]] * [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na biyu === Tare da karuwar yawan ɗalibai masu cancanta don ilimin jami'a a Najeriya da kuma karuwar buƙatun ci gaban kimiyya da [[fasaha]], kafa ƙarin jami'o'i ya zama dole. Tsakanin 1970 da 1985, an kafa ƙarin jami'o'i 12 a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. * [[Jami'ar Calabar]] * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jos]] * [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] * Jami'ar Port Harcourt * [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero, Kano]] === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na uku === An kafa jami'o'i na ƙarni na uku tsakanin shekarar1980 da farkon 1990 don magance yankuna na musamman na buƙatun Fasaha da Aikin Gona game da buƙatar ƙwararrun Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otonko |first=Jake |date=December 2012 |title=University Education in Nigeria: History, Successes, Failures and the Way Forward |url=https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/ijtie/published-papers/volume-1-2012/University-Education-in-Nigeria-History-Successes-Failures-and-the-Way-Forward.pdf |journal=International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE) |volume=1 |issue=2 |via=Infonomics society}}</ref> Wadannan jami'o'i sune: * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Owerri]] * Jami'ar Aikin Gona, Makurdi * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola]] * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Akure|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure]] * [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Bauchi]] * [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Minna]] * Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Abeokuta === Jami'o'in Jiha === Matsi daga dalibai masu cancanta daga kowace jiha waɗanda ba za su iya samun shigarwa a kowane Jami'o'in Tarayya ba ya ci gaba da hauhawa a kan Gwamnatocin Jihohi. Ya zama dole kuma na gaggawa ga wasu gwamnatocin jihohi su saka hannun jari wajen kafa Jami'o'i. === Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu === Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu cibiyoyin ne waɗanda masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyi ke mallaka, sarrafawa da gudanarwa. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kafa doka a 1993, tana ba da izinin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su kafa jami'o'i suna bin jagororin da Gwamnati ta tsara. Tsawon shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a jami'o'in Najeriya ya dogara da shirin karatu. Misali, darussan da suka shafi Kimiyya / Dan Adam sune Shekaru 4, darussan I.C.T masu alaƙa da shekaru 4, darussin da suka shafi Injiniya / Fasaha sune Shekaru 5, darussan Pharmacy sune Shekaru 5 ne, kuma darussan Shari'a sune Shekaru 5. Magunguna (Vet / Human) digiri suna ɗaukar Shekaru 6 kuma suna da zaman da ya fi tsayi a cikin shekara. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2021, [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|Hukumar Jami'o'in Najeriya]] ta amince da ƙarin Jami'oʼi 20 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 Feb 2021 |title=FEC approves 20 new private universities (FULL LIST) |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/440434-fec-approves-20-new-private-universities-full-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203172910/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/440434-fec-approves-20-new-private-universities-full-list.html |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date= |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> wanda yanzu ya sanya Jami'o" masu zaman kansu 99 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. == Ilimi na sana'a == A cikin ilimi a Najeriya, horar da sana'a da ilimi na al'ada sun mamaye a matsayin manyan hanyoyin raba takamaiman ilimin yanki.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Omolewa |first=Michael |date=2007 |title=Traditional African Modes of Education: Their Relevance in the Modern World |journal=International Review of Education |volume=53 |issue=5/6 |pages=593–612 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..593O |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9060-1 |jstor=27715419 |s2cid=53607868}}</ref> Gudanar da ilimin sana'a a cikin ƙasar ana kula da ita ta Hukumar Ilimi ta Fasaha ta Kasa.<ref name=":0">African Development Fund. </ref> A farkon shekarun 1980, sakamakon yawan rashin aikin yi ga masu kammala karatun makaranta, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da sabon girmamawa kan yin shirye-shiryen sana'a ga ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chuta |first=E. J. |date=1986 |title=Free Education in Nigeria: Socioeconomic Implications and Emerging Issues |journal=Comparative Education Review |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=523–531 |doi=10.1086/446634 |jstor=1188364 |s2cid=145244157}}</ref> Babban shirin ingantawa shine Babban Shirin na 2001-2010 don Ci gaban Tsarin Ilimi na Kasa wanda [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]] ta kirkira a cikin 2000. Kalubale na yanzu don tilasta waɗannan tsarin sun haɗa da ƙarancin malamai, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga game da bukatun kasuwar ma'aikata, da kuma tsarin karatun da fasaha a cibiyoyin horar da sana'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kamar yadda yake yanzu, dalibai a Najeriya na iya neman ko dai Takardar shaidar Fasaha ta Kasa ko Takardar shaidamar Fasaha ta Ƙasa. Gudanar da waɗannan takaddun shaida ana kula da su ta Hukumar Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Kasa (NABTEB). Baya ga nau'ikan Ilimi na sana'a, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da izini da ƙarfafa shiga cikin koyo. Wadannan koyon suna taimakawa wajen koyar da ƙwarewar da ke tattare da takamaiman kasuwanci, amma kuma suna ba da jajircewa ga dabi'un al'umma ciki har da: haƙuri, ƙuduri, da girmamawa.<ref name=":1" /> Dokokin Kwadago na Yara sun hana yara kasa da shekaru 15 shiga aikin ma'aikata, amma yara da ba su kai shekara 15 ba na iya samun koyon aiki bisa doka.<ref name=":0" /> Yayinda ake yin ƙoƙari don inganta inganci da wadatar ilimin sana'a, ƙananan 'yan siyasa sun toshe hanyoyin da suka shafi manufofi.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=OMOLEWA |first=MICHAEL |date=2008 |title=Adult Literacy in Africa: The Push and Pull Factors |journal=International Review of Education |volume=54 |issue=5/6 |pages=697–711 |bibcode=2008IREdu..54..697O |doi=10.1007/s11159-008-9091-2 |jstor=40608042 |s2cid=144037777}}</ref> Rashin aiwatar da tsarin kasa yadda ya kamata ga ilimin ma'aikata yana da tushe a cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na kasar. Don wannan dalili, masana kimiyya da yawa sun yi tambaya idan 'yan siyasa suna ƙoƙarin mamaye ma'aikata da gangan ta hanyar rashin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Omole |first=M. A. Lanre |date=1998-09-01 |title=The politics of workers' education in Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=291–306 |doi=10.1080/0260137980170502 |issn=0260-1370}}</ref> == Ilimi na yau da kullun da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu == [[Fayil:Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_(7269588282).jpg|thumb|Yara masu zuwa makaranta suna shiga cikin ilimin karatu da rubutu]] Hanyoyin ilimi na yau da kullun sun kafa tushe don ilimi mai zurfi a Najeriya na shekaru da yawa kuma har yanzu suna wasa a yau. Wadannan shirye-shirye da tsarin suna da wuyar nazarin su da kuma tantance su gaba ɗaya yayin da aka rarraba su kuma na musamman a cikin manufofinsu da ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheffield |first=James R. |date=1972 |title=Nonformal Education in Africa: Micro-Solutions to Macro-Problems? |journal=African Studies Review |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=241–254 |doi=10.2307/523921 |jstor=523921 |s2cid=154157964}}</ref> Yawancin malamai sun kammala cewa rashin kudade da tsakiya gabaɗaya sun hana inganci, kudade, da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu ga yara da manya masu zuwa makaranta.<ref name=":4"/> Koyaya, mutane da yawa sun sami nasara wajen inganta aikin yi da haɓaka motsi na tattalin arziki ga waɗanda suka yi amfani da shirye-shiryen. Baya ga koyon sana'a, gwamnatin Najeriya da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban sun gabatar da dabarun da suka shafi al'umma don kara yawan karatu da rubutu tsakanin yara da manya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misali shine Cibiyar Kwarewa don Ilimi da Ilimi (CELLE), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da alhakin hanzarta ci gaban ƙasa ta hanyar ilimin karatu da rubutu. A shekara ta 1992, CELLE ta ƙaddamar da Premier Reading Club (PRC), wanda shine kulob din da aka tsara a ƙasa tare da tsarin da hanyoyin da aka tsara don koyar da yara da manya su karanta da raba ra'ayoyinsu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Onukaogu |first=Chukwuemeka Eze |date=1999 |title=Enhancing Reading Clubs in Nigeria: The CELLE's Experience |journal=Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=68–77 |jstor=40017046}}</ref> Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun sami nasarori daban-daban tare da kalubalen farko shine cewa kudade suna da wahala a samu. Ilimi na al'ada da na al'adu a Najeriya ya sami gagarumin ci gaba a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, amma tun lokacin da aka sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, ba a samun kudade na ilimi a duk faɗin hukumar.<ref name=":2" /> Ilimi na al'ada ya kuma yi niyyar magance batutuwan da ba su da ilimin karatu da rubutu. Kira don shigar da ilimin [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]] na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin ilimin kurkuku sun kasance akai-akai kuma sun sadu da iyakantaccen amsawa daban-daban. Wannan yawan jama'a suna buƙatar wannan ilimi saboda fursunoni ba sa fuskantar daidaitattun hanyoyin talabijin da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai da ke magance batun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enuku |first=Usiwoma Evawoma |last2=Enuku |first2=Christie Akpoigho |date=1999 |title=Incorporating AIDS Education in Prison Adult Education Programs in Nigeria |journal=Journal of Correctional Education |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=96–100 |jstor=23294867}}</ref> Daga hangen nesa na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], yawancin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba na manya ya dogara ne akan binciken yamma game da ilimin halayyar mutum da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]]. Koyaya, ƙaruwar ƙungiyoyin ilimi suna da niyyar daidaitawa da gina kan waɗannan manufofi na yamma don inganta zamantakewa a Najeriya, da kuma kasashe masu tasowa a duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhola |first=Harbans S. |date=2006 |title=Review of The Psychology of Adult Learning in Africa |journal=International Review of Education |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=486–488 |jstor=29737108}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, ana iya bayyana tsarin ilimi na al'ada a Najeriya a matsayin mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Duk da babban tallafi ga saka hannun jari a cikin karatun manya da shirye-shiryen sana'a, ƙananan kungiyoyin 'yan siyasa da ƙalubalen kuɗi sun dakatar da aiwatar da shirye-aikacen karatu da rubutu da yawa.<ref name=":5"/> Wani binciken da aka yi game da shigar da gwamnatin kasa a cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi da karatu da rubutu ya kammala cewa yawan rashin karatu da rubutu a Najeriya yana da alaƙa da rashin sadaukarwar gwamnati ga manufofin ilimi na yau da kullun.<ref name=":4" /> == Ilimi na mata == [[Fayil:Female_literacy_rate_in_Nigeria_by_state_in_2013.svg|thumb|description=Female literacy rate in Nigeria by state in 2013<br /><br />{{legend|#0e1f85|> 90%}} {{legend|#5ba6f3|80–90%}} {{legend|#115a24|70–80%}} {{legend|#1e983e|60–70%}} {{legend|#24e556|50–60%}} {{legend|#e3e524|35–50%}} {{legend|#e02222|< 35%}}]] An amince da ilimi a matsayin hakki na ɗan adam na asali tun lokacin da aka amince da sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam ta duniya a shekarar 1948. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin rajistar 'yan mata a makarantar firamare da babban samfurin ƙasa da tsammanin rayuwa. Saboda wannan daidaituwa, yin rajista a makarantu yana wakiltar mafi girman bangare na saka hannun jari na al'umma a cikin babban birnin ɗan adam. An lura da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na al'umma don dogara da nau'in mata da iliminsu a wannan ƙasar. Kasancewar mata a cikin ilimi yana ƙaruwa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na gida, na jihohi, da na tarayya suna amfani da dalilai da yawa don ƙarfafa ƙarin mata a ilimi. Ana iya ganin mata a cikin manyan ayyuka daban-daban. Da yake an ce, har yanzu akwai ƙalubale da yawa da ke hana daidaito tsakanin jinsi a tsarin ilimin Najeriya. Akwai gagarumin nuna bambanci game da shigar mata a cikin takamaiman horo na ilimi, tare da nazarin da ke nuna kasancewar jinsi na ɗalibai ta hanyar malamai a makarantun sakandare. Mafi yawan shingen a halin yanzu shine ciki na matasa, auren matasa, imani na addini, talauci, da wuraren makaranta marasa kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɓakar ƙungiyoyin' yan gwagwarmaya kamar su Boko Haram, Bandits, Unknown Gunmen da' yan gangi na Niger Delta sun ba da gudummawa ga rushewar tsarin ilimi. A kokarin inganta ilimin mata a cikin 'yan mata, [[UNICEF]] ta fara wasu ayyukan a Najeriya. daya daga cikinsu shine The Girls' Education Project wanda aka fara ta hanyar Memorandum of Understanding da aka sanya hannu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004 tsakanin Asusun Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya ta Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=Impact evaluation of UNICEF Nigeria Girls' Education project phase 3 (GEP3) Cash Transfer Programme |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/impact-evaluation-unicef-nigeria-girls-education-project-phase-3-gep3-cash-transfer |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar fahimtar aikin Ilimi na 'yan mata ta mayar da hankali kan tallafawa shirye-shiryen Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya da ke da niyyar cimma Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya da Ilimi na asali na Duniya kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Ilimi na Dukkanin manufofi guda shida. An tsara Shirin Canjin Kudin 'Yan Mata na 3 (GEP3-CTP) a matsayin shirin kariya na zamantakewa don rage tasirin talauci a kan rajistar yara mata da halartar makaranta a jihohin Nijar da Sokoto. An aiwatar da shirin na tsawon shekaru biyu (2014 zuwa 2016). UNICEF ta ba da umarnin Capra International don tantance shirin a kan ka'idoji biyar don fahimtar yadda aka aiwatar da shirin, tasirin da aka samu, da kuma gano darussan da za su iya sanar da ci gaba da aiwatar da Shirin Canjin Kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-06 |title=Scaling up northern girls' interest in education |url=https://m.guardian.ng/features/scaling-up-northern-girls-interest-in-education/ |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> GEP3-CTP wani shiri ne na canja wurin kuɗi na shekaru biyu (Satumba 2014 - Agusta 2016) tare da babban burin kara yawan 'yan mata, riƙewa da kammala karatun asali a makarantun da aka zaɓa a jihohin Nijar da Sokoto. Capra International, wani bangare na Ghubril Ltd, ne ya gudanar da kimanta tasirin GEP3-CTP, daga Oktoba 2016 zuwa Maris 2017 a matakai biyu. Mataki na farko shi ne Binciken Bincike na GEP3-CTP, kuma mataki na biyu shi ne Bishirin Tasirin GEP3- CTP . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2017 |title=Impact Evaluation of UNICEF Nigeria Girls' Education Project Phase 3 (GEP3) Cash Transfer Programme |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/impact-evaluation-unicef-nigeria-girls-education-project-phase-3-gep3-cash-transfer-0 |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi na sakandare == A cikin Manufofin Kasa na Najeriya kan ilimi (FRN 1998) an bayyana cewa [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya]] ta karɓi ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don aiwatar da ci gaban ƙasa a duk fannoni na ƙasar. Ilimi a yankunan [[Countryside|karkara]] na Najeriya yana da mummunan ababen more rayuwa, rashin isasshen ma'aikatan ilimi, Rashin tsaro da rashin biyan ma'aikata da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2016 |title=Education In Rural Nigeria: An Assessment |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115230/https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |archive-date=10 April 2021 |website=www.thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> Ilimi yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mahimmin ma'auni wajen auna tsarin ajanda na ci gaba. Koyaya, makarantun karkara a Najeriya suna cikin "jiha mai baƙin ciki" kuma sananne ne cewa yawancin jama'a a kasashe masu tasowa kamar Najeriya suna zaune a yankunan karkara, waɗanda gwamnati ta yi watsi da su idan ya zo ga ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education In Rural Nigeria: An Assessment |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |access-date=2021-04-12 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n7rbtpxsugrvvfy6bgra6ccnujccars 0 79865 891717 886599 2026-08-05T15:33:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ghana Education Structure.gif|thumb|Tsarin ilimi a ghana]] '''Ilimi a Ghana''' yana amfani da tsarin ''dualistic'' wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin ilmantarwa na al'ada da na al'adu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Science and Technology in 18th Century Moliyili ) Dagomba) and the Timbuktiu Intellectual Tradition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777_Science_and_Technology_in_18th_Century_Moliyili_Dagomba_and_the_Timbuktiu_Intellectual_Tradition}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Exploring the Golden Era Of Dagbon Kingdom: The Impact of Moliyili Scholars and Its Fall |url=https://dagbonkingdom.com/moliyili-golden-age-of-dagbon-kingdom/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=CAUSE AND EFFECT BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS: ANALYZING STATEMENTS THAT ADDRESS THE REGRESSION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406716}}</ref> An gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yanzu a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Koyaya, tsarin ilmantarwa ya wanzu kafin haka. Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1700s. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Mazauna Turai da farko sun gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun da aka yi wa fitattun mutane [1], yayin da ilimin matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa yafi zama na al'ada, kuma ya dogara ne akan koyo. Ayyukan tattalin arziki a Ghana kafin mulkin mallaka sun dogara ne akan kayan gona da aka raba a cikin gidaje da membobin kowane gida waɗanda suka ƙware wajen samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar kayan dafa abinci, mafaka, tufafi, da kayan ɗaki, don haka ana yin kasuwanci tare da wasu gidaje a kan ƙaramin sikelin. Saboda haka babu buƙatar aiki a waje da gida wanda in ba haka ba zai buƙaci horo, dabi'u, da ƙwarewa ta hanyar tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2018|title=Schools under trees deserve national priority|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/daily-graphic-editorials/schools-under-trees-deserve-national-priority.html|access-date=11 January 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Glavin|first=Chris|date=6 February 2017|title=History of Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics|url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|access-date=10 February 2020|website=www.k12academics.com|language=en|archive-date=12 August 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812183527/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|url-status=dead}}</ref>[https://aaeafrica.org/ghana/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/] Bayan mulkin mallaka, tattalin arzikin Ghana ya zama haɗin kai da tattalin arziki na al'ada.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hymer |first=Stephen |date=Spring 2018 |title=Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana |journal=Economic History Association |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=33–50 |doi=10.1017/S0022050700078578 |jstor=2116722 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10419/160011|s2cid=154689928 }}</ref> [https://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/government-positive-about-ending-child-labour-and-forced-child-labour-in-ghana-by-2025/]<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Akurang |first=Kwabena-Parry |date=2002 |title="The Loads Are Heavier than Usual": Forced Labor by Women and Children in the central province, Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), CA. 1900–1940 |journal=African Economic History |volume=30 |issue=30 |pages=31–35 |doi=10.2307/3601601 |jstor=3601601}}</ref> Alamun ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2016 |title=Ghana |url=https://uis.unesco.org/country/GH |access-date=9 February 2018 |website=uis.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref> a Ghana suna nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsi, yankunan karkara da birane, da Kudancin da Arewacin kasar. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna haifar da matakin jama'a game da jahilci da rashin daidaito a samun ilimi. Cire jahilci ya kasance babban burin manufofin ilimi na Ghana a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, kuma wahalar tabbatar da samun daidaito ga ilimi ta amince da hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009012044/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukan jama'a a cikin yankuna biyu sun samar da sakamakon da masana na kasa da kungiyoyin kasa suka yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Forum |url=https://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055559/http://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Association of African Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙara ilimin sana'a da horo a cikin ICT a cikin tsarin ilimi ana kuma jaddada shi a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana. == Tarihi == Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekarun 1700, <ref name=":0"/> kuma ana tallafawa da kudade daga Yaa Naa, sarkin [[Masarautar Dagbon|Dagbon]], wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da sarauta. <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4"/> An watsar da wannan cibiyar ilmantarwa a lokacin mamayar Jamus.<ref name=":3" /> Amma ga al'ummomin Ghana da yawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ilimi a cikin ya kasance na al'ada; ana ba da ilimi da ƙwarewa ta baki da kuma ta hanyar koyo.<ref name="qualityed">{{Cite web |last=Joe Adu-Agyem |last2=Patrick Osei-Poku |date=November 2012 |title=Quality Education In Ghana: The Way Forward |url=http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151355/http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=International Journal of Innovative Research and Development |pages=165–166}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwamena-Poh |first=Michael A. |date=1975 |title=The Traditional Informal System of Education In Pre-colonial Ghana |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24349566 |journal=Présence Africaine |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.3917/presa.095.0269 |issn=0032-7638 |jstor=24349566}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=The Informal Learning System in Ghana |url=https://aaeafrica.org/home/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=Africa Association of Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Zuwan mazauna Turai a lokacin ya kawo sabbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa. An gina makarantu na al'ada, wanda ya ba da ilimi na littafi.<ref name="qualityed" /> Masu sauraron su sun hada da fitattun mutane (mulattos, 'ya'yan sarakuna na gida, da masu cin kasuwa masu arziki) kuma kasancewarsu ta iyakance ga sansanonin mulkin mallaka a bakin tekun.<ref name="AEHN">{{Cite web |last=Denis Cogneau |last2=Alexander Moradi |date=November 2012 |title=Borders that divide: Education and religion in Ghana and Togo since colonial times |url=http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042243/http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The African Economic History Network}}</ref> === Makarantun Castle === An bayyana niyyar [[Portugal|Portuguese na]] kafa makarantu a cikin umarnin mulkin mallaka a cikin 1529 wanda ya ƙarfafa gwamnan Portuguese a Elmina Castle ya koyar da karatu, rubutu, da addinin Katolika ga mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansah |first=Solomon |date=2 October 2017 |title=History of Education in Ghana |url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=GhanaCulturePolitics |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502110008/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/ghanan-political-geography/ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Makarantun Castle da aka fi sani da su a Gold Coast sun haɗa da wanda Danish ke sarrafawa a Osu Castle, wanda aka fi sani le Fort Christianborg. Sauran shahararrun makarantun Castle sune makarantar Dutch a Elmina Castle (bayan kama shi) da kuma makarantar Burtaniya a Cape Coast Castle .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana – History Background |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/529/Ghana-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb.com">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=Brief History of State-Organized Education in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Brief-History-of-State-Organized-Education-in-Ghana-54812 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 18 === A shekara ta 1765, Philip Quaque ya kafa makaranta a gidansa a Cape Coast wanda daga baya ya zama makarantar firamare ta farko a Ghana. Makarantar Yara ta Philip Quaque ta samar da sanannun digiri da yawa kamar; tsohon Kakakin Majalisar, Ebenezer Begyina Sekyi Hughes, tsohon Shugaban Ma'aikata a karkashin tsohon Shugaba [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]], Nana Ato Dadzie, da Oguaa Omanhen, Osaebar Kwesi Atta II . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Taken makarantar, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Yaren Fante, shine "Nyansa ahyese ne Nyamesuro" wanda ke fassara a matsayin "Tsoron Ubangiji shine farkon Hikima".<ref name="ghanaweb.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=First School In Ghana In Ruins |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-School-In-Ghana-In-Ruins-82979 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 19 === Bayan ya zauna a [[Kumasi]] a 1807, Muhammed al-Ghamba - shugaban al'ummar musulmi na [[Daular Ashanti]], ya gina makaranta a farkon karni na 19. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=John S. Pobee}}</ref> A shekara ta 1819, makarantar ta karbi dalibai 70 tare da Asantehene Osei Bonsu yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar. Karni na 19 ya ga karuwar tasirin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. Tare da isowar ƙarin manufofi a cikin ƙasar ya zo fashewa a makarantun manufofi ko'ina cikin kudancin Ghana. Masu wa'azi na Wesleyan da Basel sun kafa makarantu a Cape Coast, [[Accra]], Anomabu, Dixcove, Akropong, da kuma duk bakin tekun tsakanin shekarun 1830 da 1850. A cikin 1831 an aika sarakuna biyu na Ashanti - Owusu Kwantabisa, ɗan [[Osei Yaw Akoto]], da Owusu Ansah, ɗan O Sei Bonsu - zuwa makarantar Cape Coast Castle don samun ilimi a kan kuɗin Kyaftin George Maclean, sannan gwamnan [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]]. Daga baya aka tura sarakuna biyu zuwa Ingila don ƙarin karatu. A cikin shekarun 1840, masu wa'azi na Wesleyan sun koma Kumasi don kafa makarantun mishan. <ref name="ghanaweb.com"/> A farkon karni, Burtaniya ta sami tasiri a kan yankunan Ghana wanda ya haifar da kafa mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a 1874. Tare da shi ya zo da yawan makarantun mishan da kamfanonin kasuwanci, ayyukan Wesleyan da Basel sune mafi shahara. Ofishin Jakadancin Wesleyan ya kasance a bakin tekun tare da Turanci a matsayin babban yarensu. Aikin Basel ya fadada zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya yi amfani da harsuna na gari a matsayin matsakaici na tuba. Tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Burtaniya, manufofi sun bunƙasa a cikin tsarin da aka rarraba sosai wanda ya bar babban wuri don 'yancin koyarwa. Ayyuka sun kasance babban mai ba da ilimi na yau da kullun har zuwa samun 'yancin kai. A karkashin mulkin mallaka, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance gata ga 'yan kaɗan. [[Fayil:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-46-19.jpg|thumb|Janairu 1957: dalibai tare da babban malami a waje da Legon Hall, ɗaya daga cikin Halls of Residence a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu [[Jami'ar Ghana]]) kusa da Accra]] === Karni na 20 zuwa 21 === Ghana ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1957. Sabuwar gwamnatin Nkrumah ta bayyana ilimi a matsayin mabuɗin nan gaba sannan ta sanar da wata babbar jami'a da ke samar da "ra'ayin Afirka", wanda ke samun tallafin ilimi na bai ɗaya kyauta. <ref name="kwame">{{Cite web |last=Kwame Akyeampong |title=Educational Expansion and Access in Ghana: A Review of 50 Years of Challenge and Progress |url=http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/50%20Years%20of%20Educational_Progress_%20in_Ghana.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=Centre for International Education, University of Sussex}}</ref> A shekarar 1961, Dokar Ilimi ta gabatar da ka'idar ilimin firamare kyauta da tilas, sannan aka kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. <ref name="IBE2">{{Cite web |last=Ghana Education Service (GES) |date=2004 |title=The development of Education, National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731203731/https://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel, G. F. |date=1997–1998 |title=The universities in Ghana |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The Commonwealth Universities Year Book}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, da rajista  kusan ninki biyu a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="CEPA">{{Cite web |last=Abena D. Oduro |date=2000 |title=Basic Education in Ghana in the post-reform period |url=http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |publisher=Center for Policy Analysis (CEPA) |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033605/http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan faɗaɗa kwatsam ya kasance, duk da haka, yana da wuyar iyawa; Nan da nan Ghana ta gaza samun horarwar malamai <ref>{{Cite web |date=1969 |title=International Year Book of Education |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001329/132959eo.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=79}}</ref> kuma an yi tambaya game da ingancin manhajar (musamman a Turanci da Lissafi). <ref name="CEPA" /> Faduwar Nkrumah a shekarar 1966 ya biyo bayan sukar da aka yi kan fadada ilimi kan tsadar inganci. <ref name="kwame" /> Duk da saurin haɓaka kayan aikin makaranta, rajista a hankali ya ragu har zuwa 1973. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1974 ta ga yunkurin kawo sauyi. Bayan rahoton kwamitin Dozbo, sun </link> ya bi manufofi guda biyu: rage tsawon lokacin karatun gaba da sakandare (wanda ya haifar da samar da tsarin firamare / yara / manyan makarantu) <ref name="cambridge">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |pages=9–14 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma gyara shirye-shirye don inganta darussa masu amfani a makaranta. <ref name="qualityed"/> <ref name="CEPA" /> An aiwatar da waɗannan gyare-gyare ne kawai saboda ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. <ref name="qualityed" /> <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar ya kara tabarbarewa a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref name="kwame" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yayin da kasar ke fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki, kasar ta gaza wajen magance matsalar karancin malamai, kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa a makarantu, da kuma shawo kan iyaye su tura ‘ya’yansu makaranta maimakon ma’aikata. <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="CCE">{{Cite web |last=John Macbeath |date=October 2010 |title=Living with the colonial legacy: The Ghana story |url=http://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/cce/publications/CCE_Report_No3-Ghana_LivingTheColonialLegacy.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=Center for Common Wealth Education |page=2}}</ref> Babban Ratio na Rijista (GER) ya ragu sosai a cikin martani, ya faɗi ƙasa da 70% a cikin 1985. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1987 ta nuna farkon sabon jerin gyare-gyare: juyin mulkin soja na [[Jerry Rawlings]] a 1981 ya biyo bayan wani lokaci na kwanciyar hankali na siyasa kuma ya buɗe hanyar samun goyon bayan kasa da kasa.<ref name="kwame"/> Gwamnatin Rawlings ta tara isasshen kuɗi daga ƙasashe da yawa da kungiyoyin duniya (ciki har da [[Bankin Duniya]]) don samar da manyan canje-canje ga tsarin ilimi.<ref name="cambridge"/> Dokar Ilimi ta 1987 da nufin juya matakan kwamitin Dozbo na 1974 zuwa gaskiya: an kaddamar da kamfen ɗin karatu da rubutu na ƙasa, <ref name="cambridge" /> rage ilimin sakandare daga shekaru 17 zuwa 12 kuma ilimin sana'a ya bayyana a makarantun sakandare.<ref name="CCE"/> Ilimi ya zama tilas daga shekaru 6 zuwa 14. Gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya sabon tsarin ilimi, da kuma kara yawan shiga da yawan makarantu.<ref name="cambridge2">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |page=26 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka alkawarin samun dama ga ilimi na asali na duniya bai cika ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua J.K. Baku, ERNWACA |date=2003 |title=Critical Perspectives on Education and skills in eastern Africa on basic and post-basic Levels |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=NORRAG}}</ref> An kuma dauki shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin gazawar.<ref name="cambridge2" /> Komawa ga mulkin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1992, har yanzu a karkashin gwamnatin Rawlings, ya ba da sabon motsi ta hanyar dawo da aikin jihar don samar da ilimi na asali kyauta da tilas ga kowa.<ref name="IBE">{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=World Data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095728/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=3}}</ref> Dokar karamar hukuma ta 1993 ta fara rarraba a cikin gudanar da ilimi, ta hanyar canja wurin iko ga majalisun gundumar.<ref name="IBE" /> The Free, tilas da Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) sun samar da shirin aiki na tsawon 1996-2005, suna mai da hankali kan kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantun firamare, inganta kayan koyarwa, da inganta yanayin rayuwar malamai.<ref name="cambridge" /> Daga baya aka kammala shi ta hanyar ayyuka kamar kirkirar Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha a cikin 2006 (don inganta ilimin sana'a), da kuma kafa kwamitin amincewa na kasa a cikin 2007, gabatar da amincewar kasa ga dukkan cibiyoyin matakin sakandare.<ref name="IBE" /> A cikin 2007-08, an kara shekaru biyu a makarantar sakandare zuwa FCUBE (wanda yanzu yana daga shekaru 4 zuwa 14). <ref name="IBE" /> == Kididdiga == Kudin da Ghana ke kashewa a kan ilimi ya kasance kusan kashi 25% <ref name="World Bank"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="617">[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=GH=GHdisplay=graph "Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="618">''worldbank.org''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="619">[[World Bank]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="621"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> na kasafin kudin shekara-shekara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tsarin ilimin Ghana daga makarantar sakandare zuwa matakin digiri yana ɗaukar shekaru 20.<ref name="Education in Ghana">[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/ "Education in Ghana"] ghanaweb.com</ref><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:University_of_Education,_Winneba_(UEW)_North_Campus.jpg|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Bayyanar gaba na [[University of Education, Winneba|Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]] (UEW) Arewa Campus a Winneba.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:College_of_Engineering,_KNUST_Auditorium.JPG|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban Jami'ar Ghana a [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] (KNUST) a Kumasi, Fabrairu 2011.</div></div></div></div></div>Ghana ta zira kwallaye 1 a kan [[UNESCO]] Gender Parity Index (GPI) don matakan makarantar firamare da sakandare a shekarar 2013. <ref name="news.myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ENR.PRSC.FM.ZS |access-date=21 July 2013 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Adadin manya (15 da tsofaffi) a Ghana ya kai 79.04% a cikin 2018, tare da maza a 83.53% da mata a 74.47% .<ref name="Field listing: Literacy">{{Cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Literacy rate Ghana |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=GH |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Canjin hanzari na Ghana daga tattalin arziki na al'ada zuwa tattalin arziki na yau da kullun ya sanya ilimi muhimmiyar manufa ta siyasa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lord |first=Jack |year=2011 |title=Child Labor in the Gold Coast: The Economics of Work, Education, and the Family in Late-Colonial African Childhoods, c. 1940–57 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord,_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |journal=The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth |volume=4 |pages=88–115 |doi=10.1353/hcy.2011.0005 |s2cid=143683964 |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2024-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916184531/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord%2C_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Girman aikin, da kuma matsalolin tattalin arziki da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, sun rage yunkurin sake fasalin. Dokar Ilimi ta 1987, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992, ya biyo baya, ya ba da sabon ci gaba ga manufofin ilimi a kasar. A cikin shekara ta 2011, yawan shiga makarantar firamare ya kai 84%, wanda [[UNICEF]] ta bayyana a matsayin "da nisa" na matsakaicin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|yankin Sahara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making tertiary education free: a priority of all university students |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Making-tertiary-education-free-a-priority-of-all-university-students-646753 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin rahoton 2013-14, Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya ya sanya Ghana a matsayi na 46 daga cikin kasashe 148 don ingancin tsarin ilimi. A shekara ta 2010, yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu a Ghana ya kai 71.5%, tare da sanannen rata tsakanin maza (78.3%) da mata (65.3%). <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Charity that Empowers Children to dream |url=https://eddiesteddies.org/our-projects |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Eddies Teddies |language=en-US}}</ref> Jaridar Guardian ta bayyana a watan Afrilun 2015 cewa kashi 90% na yara a Ghana sun shiga makaranta, gaba da kasashe kamar [[Pakistan]] da [[Najeriya]] a kashi 72% da 64% bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |url=https://fireprojectghana.com/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Yawan karatun maza da mata masu shekaru 15-24 a Ghana ya kai 81% a cikin 2010, tare da maza a 82%, da mata a 80% . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.MA.ZS/countries |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.FE.ZS |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2008, rajista ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duk matakan ilimi (firamare, firamare, sakandare, da sakandare).{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Tare da kashi 84% na 'ya'yanta a makarantar firamare, Ghana tana da rajistar makaranta "da nisa" daga maƙwabtanta na kudu da Sahara.<ref name="UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality">{{Cite web |title=UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803061043/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=unicef.org |publisher=[[UNICEF|United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF)}}</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin ilimi ya karu a wannan lokacin.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ilimi na sana'a (a cikin cibiyoyin [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]], ba tare da haɗa shirye-shiryen sana'a da fasaha na SHS ba) shine kawai banda, tare da raguwar rajista na 1.3% da ɓacewar fiye da cibiyoyi 50 tsakanin shekarun 2011/12 da 2012/2013.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Wannan faduwar za ta kasance sakamakon ƙarancin ilimi na sana'a da rashin buƙata daga masana'antu.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Shiga da GER a cikin pre-tertiary (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutes}} |- !Shigarwa |1,604,505 |4,105,913 |1,452,585 |842,587 |61,496 |- |GER a cikin % |113.8 |105.0 |82.2 |36.8 |2.7 |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Yawan tsarin da ke cikin ilimin sakandare (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutions}} |- !Jama'a |13,305 |14,112 |8,818 |535 |107 |- !Masu zaman kansu |5,972 |5,742 |3,618 |293 |74 |- !Jimillar |19,277 |19,854 |12,436 |828 |181 |} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kididdigar ta nuna dalibai 261,962 a lokacin karatun 2011/2012: 202,063 a bangaren gwamnati da 59,899 a bangaren masu zaman kansu, suna halartar cibiyoyi 142.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} == Tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun == === Bayani na gaba ɗaya === [[Fayil:Ghana_Education_Structure.gif|right|thumb|550x550px|{{Center|Education structure of Ghana}}]] Tsarin ilimin Ghana ya kasu kashi uku: ilimi na asali, ilimin sakandare, da ilimin sakandare. Shekarar ilimi yawanci tana tafiya daga Agusta zuwa Mayu hadawa kuma tana da makonni 40 a makarantar firamare da babbar makarantar sakandare, da makonni 45 a makarantar sakandare. Ana koyar da darussan da farko a Turanci. === Ilimi na asali === {{Blockquote|HE in Ghana is disproportionately ‘consumed’ by the richest 20% of the population. Male students from the highest income quintile (Q5) are more than seven times more likely to enter and successfully complete HE than those from the poorest quintile (Q1). The situation is even more precarious for the female category where students come from only the richest 40% of the population.|World Bank 2011|[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/06/27/000442464_20130627122630/Rendered/PDF/597550Revised00elivery0March0902011.pdf" Education in Ghana: Improving equity, efficiency, and accountability of Education service delivery]}} Ilimi na asali yana da shekaru 12 (shekaru 4-15). <ref name="GEScurr">{{Cite web |title=Basic Education curriculum |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195225/http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum-1 |archive-date=25 May 2014 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service (GES)}}</ref> Shirin yana da kyauta kuma ya tilas kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi ƙarancin lokacin makaranta da ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa yara suna samun ilimin karatu da rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewar warware matsaloli da ƙwarewa don kerawa da rayuwa mai kyau".<ref name="GEScurr" /> An raba shi zuwa makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare (JHS), wanda ya ƙare a Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta asali (BECE). <ref name="BECE">{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council(corporate site: Ghana) |title=BECE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519130523/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Makarantar jariri tana da shekaru biyu (shekaru 4-6). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Shirin ya kasu kashi shida: <ref name="GEScurr" /> Harshe da Karatu (Ci gaban Harshe), Ayyuka masu kirkiro (Drawing da Rubuce-rubuce), Lissafi (Aiki na Lamba), Nazarin Muhalli, Motsi da Wasan kwaikwayo (Music da Dance), da Ci gaban Jiki (Ilimi na Jiki). Makarantar firamare tana da shekaru shida (shekaru 6-11). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare ko na asali sun haɗa da Turanci, yarukan Ghana da al'adun Ghana, ICT, lissafi, nazarin muhalli, nazarin zamantakewa, Mandarin da Faransanci (kamar yadda Ghana memba ce ta OIF), haɗin kai ko kimiyya gaba ɗaya, ƙwarewar sana'a da ƙwarewar fasaha, ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a, da ayyukan jiki kamar kiɗa da rawa na Ghana, da ilimin jiki. Babu takardar shaidar kammala a ƙarshen makarantar firamare.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Makarantar sakandare ta Junior tana da shekaru uku (shekaru 12-15). <ref name="GEScurr2">{{Cite web |title=Basic curriculum Education: The Junior High Education |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605133413/http://ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service}}</ref> JHS ta ƙare tare da BECE, wanda ya rufe harshen Ingilishi, harshen Ghana da al'adu, nazarin zamantakewa, hadadden kimiyya, lissafi, ƙira da fasaha, ICT, Faransanci (zaɓin rai), da Ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a.<ref name="BECE"/> === Ilimi na sakandare === <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:413px;max-width:413px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Pope_John_Senior_High_School_and_Minor_Seminary_students_receive_their_WASSCE_upon_Graduation.jpg|alt=|215x215px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Paparoma John Senior High School da Minor Seminary dalibai karbar [[WASSCE]] bayan kammala karatunsu kafin shiga [[University education|jami'a]]</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Accra_Aca_81st_Anniversary_Science_Exhibition.JPG|alt=|190x190px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban [[Accra Academy|Kwalejin Accra]] suna yin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya</div></div></div></div></div> Daliban da suka wuce BECE na iya ci gaba zuwa ilimin sakandare, suna karatun ko dai shirye-shiryen ilimi ko sana'a. Don ilimin ilimi, ɗalibai suna shiga makarantar sakandare (SHS). Shirin SHS ya ƙunshi manyan batutuwa, waɗanda aka kammala ta hanyar batutuwa (waɗanda ɗalibai suka zaɓa). Babban batutuwa sune harshen Ingilishi, lissafi, hadadden kimiyya (ciki har da kimiyya, ICT da nazarin muhalli) da nazarin zamantakewa (tattalin arziki, yanayin ƙasa, tarihi da gwamnati). <ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System |url=http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071841/http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |website=TobeWorldwide.org}}</ref> Dalibai suna zaɓar batutuwa uku ko huɗu daga shirye-shiryen da ake da su: noma, zane-zane ko kimiyya, kasuwanci, sana'a da shirye-shirye na fasaha.<ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council (WAEC) |date=2012 |title=WASSCE – subjects for examination |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502002700/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> Wannan tsarin karatun yana da shekaru uku, sakamakon sauye-sauye da yawa: an tsawaita shi zuwa shekaru huɗu a 2007 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Modern Ghana |title=The 2007 education Reform and its challenges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/475340/1/the-2007-educational-reform-and-its-callenges.html |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> sannan ya koma shekaru uku a 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |date=2 September 2009 |title=3-year SHS programme starts next year |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=167932 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Tsawon SHS har yanzu tambaya ce mai jayayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TV3 Network |title=Bring back the 4 year SHS system |url=http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519004229/http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana Web |date=5 June 2013 |title=The fate of Ghana's Education system |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=275876 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> SHS ta ƙare a jarrabawar ƙarshe da ake kira jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (WASSCE), wanda ake kira takardar shaidarsa ta makarantar sakandare (SSSC) kafin shekara ta 2007.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Ana kafa matsayi na SHS a kowace shekara ta sashen Statistics, Research, Information, Management and Public Relations (SRIMPR) na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, bisa ga sakamakon WASSCE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Expose Ghana |date=March 2014 |title=2013 WASSCE SHS Rankings- Full List |url=http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002805/http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyuka da ilimin fasaha (wanda ake kira "TVET") suna ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban. Dalibai da ke son neman ilimin sana'a suna da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu: shiga SHS da ɗaukar shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin zaɓuɓɓugar, ko shiga cibiyar fasaha da sana'a (TVI). <ref name="UNEVOC"/> Daliban SHS suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru uku na SHS. Za su iya - biyo bayan isasshen sakamakon WASSCE - shiga jami'a ko shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref name="COTVET">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET)}}</ref> Daliban TVI yawanci suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru huɗu, an raba su cikin zagaye biyu na shekaru biyu, wanda ke haifar da kyaututtuka daga City & Guilds, Royal Society of Arts ko Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka.<ref name="COTVET" /> Za su iya bin shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /> Yanayin ilimin sana'a a Ghana ya kasance ba a sani ba: 90% na ilimin sana'o'i har yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, yana ɗaukar nau'in koyo.<ref name="COTVET"/> Bayar da shirye-shiryen sana'a na yau da kullun a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yana da wuyar bayyanawa kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fahimci rashin iya samar da shirye-'adun sana'a ta jama'a.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatu da yawa suna da nasu shirye-shirye.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Akwai makarantu da yawa na kasa da kasa a Ghana, gami da Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Takoradi, Makarantar Kasa ta Galaxy, Makarantar Roman Ridge, Makarantar Duniya ta Ghana, Makarantar Al'umma ta Lincoln, Makarantar Faith Montessori, Makarantar Kasashen Duniya ta Amurka, Makarantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar, Makarantar Sabuwar Ƙasa, Kwalejin Duniya ta SOS Hermann Gmeiner da Makarantar Al-umma ta Duniya. Wadannan suna ba da Baccalaureat na Duniya, Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi na Ci gaba da Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Sakandare ta Duniya (IGCSE). === Ilimi na sakandare === Ilimi na sakandare a Ghana ya kasance yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, duka dangane da rajista da cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Wani bangare mai mahimmanci na wannan ci gaba ya fito ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=The development of Education: National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010306/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=IBE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Private Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140523154620/http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=National Accreditation Board (NAB)}}</ref> Jami'o'i (6 na jama'a da 49 masu zaman kansu) {{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} suna ba da ilimi na ilimi, daga bachelor zuwa PhD. Ana shigar da dalibai bisa ga aikin su a [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] - ana buƙatar matsakaicin maki 24 don yin amfani da shirin digiri na farko (duba "Tsarin Girma" a ƙasa). Ana kammala digiri na farko bayan shekaru hudu na karatun digiri a wani takamaiman filin.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Digiri na Jagora suna da nau'o'i biyu: shirin shekara guda da aka kammala tare da takarda ta ƙarshe bisa ga nazarin wallafe-wallafen, ko shirin shekaru biyu, wanda aka kammala tare le takarda ta karshe bisa ga shekara guda na bincike mai zaman kansa.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Dukansu zasu iya haifar da PhD, yawanci ana samun su a cikin shekaru uku a cikin shirin digiri.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Akwai polytechnics goma a Ghana, wanda ke ba da darussan sana'a na shekaru uku wanda ke haifar da Digiri mafi girma na kasa (HND).{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Dalibai za su iya bin shirin na musamman na watanni 18 don samun digiri na farko na Fasaha.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Ghana kuma tana da "kollejojin ilimi" da yawa, na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Yawanci suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya - kwalejojin noma, kwalejojin horar da malamai, kwalejoji na horar da malaman, da dai sauransu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Sabbin masu digiri na sakandare dole ne su yi aiki shekara guda a cikin Ma'aikatar Kasa. Masu halarta na iya aiki a daya daga cikin bangarori bakwai masu zuwa: noma, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, karamar hukuma, ci gaban karkara, soja ko shirye-shiryen matasa <ref name="ICICP">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Country profile: Ghana |url=http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102702/http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=International Association for National Youth Service}}</ref><ref name="NSS">{{Cite web |title=Mandate of the NSS |url=http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806212250/http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=National Service Scheme (NSS)}}</ref> A lokacin annobar coronavirus, jami'o'i da yawa a Ghana sun ɗauki Fasahar Ilimi don ba da damar ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane da ilmantarwa mai nisa. Duk da yake ICTs sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimi a Ghana, binciken da aka yi a 2022 ya nuna kalubalen ilmantarwa mai kama da COVID a cikin shirye-shiryen digiri a jami'o'in jama'a na Ghana.Kalubale sun haɗa da rashin sadaukarwa daga malamai da ɗalibai game da ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane, ilimin da ba cikakke ba game da dandamali na ilmantarwa da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma rashin sadarwa tsakanin jami'o'i da ɗaliban game da dandalin ilmantarwa. '''Shigarwa cikin ilimi mai zurfi''' Don shiga kwalejojin ilimi, ana buƙatar masu neman su biya kuɗin , don samun Lambar tantancewa ta mutum (PIN) da lambar shigarwa don amfani da su don samun dama da cika fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=April 13, 2020 – St Francis College of Education |url=http://www.franco.edu.gh/2020/04/13/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Masu nema za su zaɓi kwalejoji uku da suka zaɓa don shirin su bisa ga fifiko, akan fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi. Idan ba su sami shigarwa cikin zaɓi na farko ba, za a iya la'akari da zaɓi na biyu da na uku.<ref name="AGH-20200325">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=17 March 2020 |title=Official Admission Forms For All Colleges Of Education In Ghana And How To Apply 2020 / 2021 |url=https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130615/https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tsarin darajar === Tsarin ƙididdigar Ghana ya bambanta a kowane lokaci a ilimi. Ta hanyar makarantar sakandare zuwa ƙaramar makarantar sakandare, kowane aji da ɗalibin ya samu an rubuta shi dangane da lambobi. Ba kamar tsarin grading na haruffa ba, babu tsarin pluses da minuses (watau babu 1+ ko 6- maki). <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Structure of Formal Education {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211020302/https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Babban makarantar sakandare''' Har zuwa shekara ta 2007, babbar makarantar sakandare ta ƙare tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare (SSSC).{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin sa ya tafi daga A zuwa E.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} A cikin 2007, [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] ta maye gurbin SSSC.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin kimantawa na WASSCE yana ƙara lambobi ga haruffa, yana ba da sikelin kimantawa mafi girma. A cikin tsarin biyu, kowane matsayi yana nufin wasu maki. Don shiga shirin digiri na farko, galibi ana tambayar masu neman kada su wuce maki 24 a WASSCE.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} {| class="wikitable" |+Tsarin karatun sakandare na makarantar sakandare {{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} !Matsayi na SSSCE (kafin 2007), [a cikin maki] !Matsayi na WASSCE (tun daga 2007), [a cikin maki] !Bayyanawa |- |A [1] |A1 [1] |Mai Kyau |- |B [2] |B2 [2] |Yana da kyau sosai |- |C [3] |B3 [3] |Daɗi |- |D [4] |C4 [4] |Kyauta |- | |C5 [5] |Kyauta |- | |C6 [6] |Kyauta |- |E |D7 |wucewa |- | |E8 |wucewa |- |F |F9 |Rashin Nasara |- |} '''Ilimi na sakandare''' Tsarin grading ya bambanta tsakanin cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin sakandare sun dogara ne akan Matsakaicin Matsakaicin (GPA) a matsayin hanyar tantance ko dalibi yana kasawa ko wucewa, amma kowane makaranta yana da nasu hanyar lissafin GPA, saboda tsarin su na mutum. Misali, alamar 80 na iya zama A a makaranta daya amma A + a wata makaranta. == Ilimi mai zaman kansa da haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu a Ghana == Gwamnatin Ghana ba za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗin ilimi ba, don haka akwai cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da yawa don taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Nsiah-Peprah |first=Y. |date=1 January 2004 |title=Assessment of the role of private schools in the development of education in Ghana. A study of the Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/32917 |journal=Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=54–75 |issn=0855-0395}}</ref> Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta iya samar da ƙarin ayyukan ilimi ba <ref name=":02" /> don haka ilimi ya zama ƙoƙari na gwamnati da cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu, don biyan rashin ingancin kudi a gefen gwamnati da kuma sa ilimi ya sami damar kowa.<ref>Adoma, K., & S. Yeboah (2014). </ref> Akwai kira ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a ilimi a mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa saboda karuwar shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu cikin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akyeampong |first=Kwame |date=2009 |title=Public–private partnership in the provision of basic education in Ghana: challenges and choices |journal=Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1080/03057920902750368 |s2cid=144531369 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Tsarin wannan hadin gwiwa ta bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don magance matsalar samar da ilimi a matakin asali ko na farko kamar haka''':''' <ref name=":02"/> {| class="wikitable" !Hukumar !Matsayi |- |'''Sashen jama'a''' | |- |Gwamnatin Tsakiya |Mai alhakin biyan malamai da ke koyarwa a makarantun gwamnati Yana da alhakin samar da litattafan kyauta ga ɗalibai a makarantun gwamnati, daga firamare 1 zuwa 6 Mai alhakin samar da kayayyaki, kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don makarantun jama'a na asali |- |Taron Gundumar | title="<nowiki&gt;Kindergarten</nowiki&gt;" |Bayar da kayan aikin ilimi |- |- |'''Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu''' | |- |Iyaye |Mai alhakin biyan kuɗin masu amfani da littafi ga yara a matakin makarantar sakandare Mai kula da kayan gida, abinci, da sufuri zuwa da kuma daga makaranta |- |Al'ummomi |Kula da aji da samarwa |- |Coci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu |Bayar da gine-ginen makaranta da tsari, kayan aiki |- |- |Cibiyoyin Masu zaman kansu / Mutane |Kafa da gudanar da makarantu masu zaman kansu da masu kafa ke gudanarwa kawai, ba tare da taimakon kudi ko ababen more rayuwa daga gwamnati ba |- |Ƙungiyoyin Duniya |Bayar da taimakon kudi da fasaha don ilimi na asali a Ghana |} Kasancewar masu zaman kansu a cikin ilimi ya shafi ilimi a Ghana; <ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2014 |title=The role and impact of private schools in developing countries – Bibliography and literature reviews |url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |publisher=Institute of Education, University of London |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2018-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092205/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu sun fi makarantun gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Private schools for the poor |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/private-schools-for-the-poor/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> 74.7% na makarantun firamare da ƙananan sakandare 779 an gano su a matsayin makarantun masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙididdigar da aka gudanar a gundumar Ga, yayin da sauran 25.3% an gano su ne a matsayin gwamnati ko makarantun gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tooley |first=James |last2=Dixon |first2=Pauline |last3=Amuah |first3=Isaac |date=1 July 2007 |title=Private and Public Schooling in Ghana: A Census and Comparative Survey |journal=International Review of Education |language=en |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=389–415 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..389T |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9042-3 |issn=0020-8566 |s2cid=144312107}}</ref> A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan dalibai a kasashe masu tasowa da ke halartar makarantun masu zaman kansu ya karu daga 11% zuwa 22% .<ref>Abdul-Hamid, Husein; Baum, Donald Rey; De Brular, Laura Lewis; Lusk-Stover, Oni; Tettey, Leslie Ofosu. </ref> == Gudanarwa == === Gudanarwa === Ilimi a Ghana yana ƙarƙashin alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi. Hukumomin da yawa suna aiwatar da manufofi; Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana (GES) tana da alhakin daidaita manufofin ilimi na kasa a kan ilimin sakandare.<ref name="IBE"/> Yana raba wannan aikin tare da hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu guda uku: Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Kasa (NaSIA, tsohon NIB), Majalisar Koyarwa ta Kasa (NTC) da Majalisar Kasa don Tsarin Mulki da Bincike (NCCA). <ref name="GEDP">{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Ghana Education Decentralization Project (GEDP): Operational Framework for National Teaching Council (NTC) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=Ministry of Education |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808132641/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana gudanar da jarrabawar ƙarshe na ilimin sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (Ofishin Kasa, Ghana) wanda ya haɗa da BECE da WASCCE, da kuma jarrabawar ƙwararru na ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the WASSCE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519131046/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=WASSCE}}</ref> Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa an sadaukar da ita ga gudanar da TVET.<ref name="UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=July 2012 |title=Vocational Education in Ghana |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=GHA |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> Tarin da nazarin bayanan ilimi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Tsarin Bayanai na Gudanar da Ilimi (EMIS). <ref name="IBE" /> Ana aiwatar da manufofi tare da hadin gwiwar ofisoshin gida. An raba Ghana zuwa yankuna 16 da ofisoshin gundumar 230. <ref name="IBE"/> Shirin Rarraba Ilimi na Ghana (GEDP), wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2010 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2012, ya kara tasirin hukumomin gida kan gudanarwa, kudi, da batutuwan aiki idan ya zo ga al'amuran ilimi.<ref name="GEDP"/> === Kudin gudanarwa === Jihar Ghana ta sadaukar da kashi 23% na kudaden da ta kashe don ilimi a shekara ta 2010. Fiye da 90% na wannan kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da hukumomin ta ne ke kashewa, tare da ilimin firamare (31% na kashewa) da kuma ilimin sakandare (21.6%) da ke karɓar mafi yawa. Kudin da aka kashe ana tallafawa ne daga masu ba da gudummawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Bankin Duniya, Amurka (ta hanyar USAID), Ingila (ta hanyar DfID) da Tarayyar Turai. Kasancewarsu yawanci ana mayar da hankali ne ga aikin kuma ana ba da ita a wasu yanayi, yana ba su wani tasiri. Wannan tasirin na iya haifar da muhawara idan ya zo ga maɓalli-reforms: don aikin FCUBE, Bankin Duniya ya ɗora cajin littafi a makarantun firamare da rage farashin ciyarwa da shiga a makarantun sakandare. Da yake fuskantar zargi, Bankin ya nace kan "mai karfi na cikin gida" na sake fasalin da kuma bukatar tabbatar da "farfadowar farashin". Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2012, gudummawar masu ba da gudummawa ga kasafin kudin ilimi ya fadi daga 8.5% zuwa 2.5% na jimlar kashewa. === Horar da malamai === Kwalejin Ilimi (CoE) sune manyan cibiyoyin horar da malamai. A halin yanzu, akwai CoE na jama'a 46 a duk yankuna na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=CoE Network |url=https://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128141150/http://www.t-tel.org:80/coes-network |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=t-tel.org}}</ref> Suna ba da tsarin karatun shekaru uku wanda ke kaiwa ga difloma a Ilimi na asali (DBE). <ref name="Teacher">{{Cite journal |last=Kwame Bediako Asare |last2=Seth Kofi Nti |date=April 2014 |title=Teacher Education in Ghana: A contemporary synopsis and matters arising |journal=SAGE Open |publisher=SageOpen |volume=4 |issue=2 |doi=10.1177/2158244014529781 |s2cid=143032669 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An bayyana tsarin karatun a matsayin "daidai" kuma tare da "maida hankali ga ƙasa" koda kuwa CoE suna nan a kowane yanki na Ghana.<ref name="Teacher" /> Cibiyar Ilimi ta [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] ce ke gudanar da jarrabawar karshe da ke ba da DBE.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ana ba masu riƙe da DBE damar koyarwa a kowane matakin ilimi na asali (kindergarten, makarantar firamare, makarantar sakandare). <ref name="Teacher" /> Baya ga CoE, jami'o'i biyu (Cape Coast da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|Winneba]]) suma suna horar da malamai. Takamaiman digiri na shekaru huɗu yana ba da damar koyarwa a kowane ilimi na farko (yawancin masu digiri suna zaɓar ilimin sakandare). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Research overview: Teacher preparation and continuing professional development in Africa (TPA) |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cie/projects/completed/tpa/ghana |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=University of Sussex}}</ref> Ana buƙatar takamaiman digiri na biyu don koyarwa a CoE.<ref name="Teacher"/> Har ila yau, jami'o'i suna ba da digiri na DBE tsarin karatun shekaru biyu wanda ke ba da damar koyarwa a makarantar sakandare.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ilimi na nesa kuma yana yiwuwa ta hanyar shirin shekaru huɗu wanda ke haifar da Diploma na Malami mara horo a Ilimi na asali (UTDBE). <ref name="Teacher"/> An gabatar da shi don kara yawan malamai na ilimi na asali a yankunan karkara. Malamai masu hidima na iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimi a makarantar, rukuni da matakan yanki.<ref name="Teacher" /> == Ayyukan jama'a da manufofi == === Ilimi na manya, ilimi mara kyau === Ayyukan jama'a game da jahilci sun fara sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata a Ghana. An fara shi a cikin shekarun 1940 ta sarakunan Burtaniya, an ɗaga shi zuwa mafi girma bayan samun 'yancin Ghana a shekara ta 1957. Rikicin siyasa ya iyakance wannan aikin ga shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci, har zuwa 1987 da kuma kirkirar Sashen Ilimi na Ƙasashen (NFED), wanda burinsa shine kawar da jahilci a shekara ta 2000. Bayan gwaji mai gamsarwa a yankuna biyu, an fadada aikin ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu (FLSP) zuwa duk ƙasar a cikin shekara ta 1992. A shekara ta 2000, Shirin Nazarin Ayyuka na Kasa (FNLP) ya karɓi shirin, wanda har yanzu yake aiki a yau. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna mai da hankali kan jinsi da rashin daidaito na ƙasa. Mata da mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara sune manyan burinsu. A shekara ta 2004, akwai cibiyoyin karatu da rubutu 1238 , galibi a yankunan da ba na birni ba. Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haifar da ci gaban kididdiga.<ref name="NFE">{{Cite web |last=Francis Owusu-Mensah |date=2008 |title=Ghana non-formal Education |url=http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809063533/http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1997, kashi 64% na mata da kashi 38% na maza ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, tare da yawan karatun duniya na kashi 54%.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=National Functional Literacy Programme (NFLP) |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |archive-date=12 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112200649/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ilimin mata ya kai kashi 65% kuma yawan ilimin duniya ya karu zuwa kashi 71.5%.<ref name="Field listing: Literacy"/> Masana kimiyya, duk da haka, sun nuna rashin isasshen ci gaba na karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da kuma wahalar waɗanda suka kammala karatu don ci gaba da sabbin ƙwarewarsu.<ref name="NFE" /> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Juyin halitta na yawan karatu da rubutu a tsawon lokaci <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Adult and youth literacy: National, regional and global trends, 1985–2015 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002174/217409e.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UIS |page=51 (Table 6)}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |Ilimi na manya (15+) ! colspan="3" |Ilimin matasa (15-24) |- |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |- |2000 |57.9 |66.4 |49.8 |70.7 |75.9 |65.4 |- |2010 |71.5 |78.3 |65.3 |85.7 |88.3 |83.2 |- |2015 (bayani) |76.3 |81.5 |71.0 |90.6 |91.3 |89.9 |} Sauran nau'ikan ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba kuma NFED ke gudanar da su, kamar su "Kwarewar Rayuwa" (shirye-shiryen iyali, tsabta, rigakafin cutar kanjamau) da aka yi niyya ga matasa da matasan iyaye, horar da ƙwarewar sana'a ga manya marasa aikin yi da kuma tarurrukan wayar da kan jama'a (a kan haƙƙin jama'a da ayyuka) da aka tattauna ga manya marasa karatu. === Ci gaban ilimin fasaha da sana'a === Akwai bangaren ilimi na yau da kullun a Ghana, wanda yawanci ya kunshi cibiyoyin horar da sana'a da fasaha. Wadannan cibiyoyin ba na al'ada ba ne saboda ba sa faruwa a cikin aji; maimakon haka, yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in koyo, ilmantarwa kai tsaye, aiki, da kulawa daga masu horarwa. Yawancin lokaci babu takardar shaidar hukuma ko sanarwa ko cancanta da aka ba masu horo. Ci gaban [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]] ana ɗaukarsa fifiko ne daga hukumomin tsakiya don magance talauci da rashin aikin yi.<ref name="COTVET2">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET) |pages=19–35}}</ref><ref name="OECD">{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Ghana country profile |url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/emea/40577770.pdf |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=OECD |pages=341–342}}</ref> TVET a Ghana tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa: ƙarancin ƙarewa (a cikin 2011, 1.6% na yawan jama'a sun sami digiri na TVET yayin da 11% na yawan jamaʼa suka bi shirin TVET), masu koyarwa marasa horo da rashin ababen more rayuwa. Masana'antu na Ghana suna sukar rashin ƙwarewar masu digiri na yau da kullun, da kuma rashin ƙwarewa na asali (karanta da rubutu) na masu koyo na yau da kullum. A cikin shekara ta 2008, OECD ta zargi rashin daidaituwa na tsarin cancanta da yawaita takaddun shaida na TVET marasa amfani. Majalisar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa (COTVET) ta lura cewa ɗaliban TVET na al'ada da waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu suna gwagwarmaya don neman aiki, sannan kuma dole ne su magance matsalar samun kudin shiga ko ƙananan albashi. TVET, sabili da haka, yana fama da mummunar suna tsakanin ɗalibai, iyaye da ma'aikata. A shekara ta 2005, an aiwatar da tsarin karamin bashi don tallafawa matasa marasa aikin yi (shirin STEP). <ref name="OECD"/> A shekara ta 2006, an kirkiro COTVET kuma an ba shi aikin daidaita manufofin TVET a Ghana.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Majalisar ta gabatar da Asusun Matasa na Kasa a cikin shekara ta 2006, kuma ta ba da shawarar tsarin cancantar TVET a cikin shekara.<ref name="COTVET2"/> Har ila yau, yana ƙoƙari ya tsara bangaren da ba na al'ada ba ta hanyar Shirin Koyon Kasa (NAP) da kuma ƙarfafa jagora da ba da shawara a matakin ilimi na asali. <ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Skills advocate: Quarterly COTVET newsletter |url=http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809024837/http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 September 2015 |publisher=COTVET}}</ref> Tasirin yana da wuyar tantancewa: <ref name="COTVET2"/> 90% na horo ba bisa ka'ida ba ne [1] kuma duka bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu suna da rarraba sosai. <ref name="OECD"/>{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kanta ta yarda da rashin iyawarta na samar da ra'ayi na kididdiga game da bangaren TVET a Ghana.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} === Daidaitawa a samun damar zuwa makarantar sakandare === Tare da hauhawar shiga cikin makarantun sakandare, gasa don shiga cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma ta karu. A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Ghana ta yarda da kashi 96% na aikace-aikacen da ta karɓa, yayin da a shekara ta 2011 yawan karɓa ya faɗi zuwa 52%. Wannan karuwar zaɓe yana nuna rashin daidaito a Ghana game da ilimi, kamar yadda mata da 'yan karkara na Ghana ba su da wakilci a cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma wani abu ne na warewa, kamar yadda karatu a matakin mafi girma yana da tsada - jami'o'in jama'a yawanci ba su da kyauta, amma suna caji don wasu ayyuka ciki har da rajista, samun damar fasaha, gwaje-gwaje, amfani da wuraren ilimi, da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Wadannan cajin na iya haifar da halayen tantance kai kamar wasu dalibai da ke zabar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai (inda dalibai za su iya karɓar tallafi) maimakon yin rajista a jami'o'i. An kirkiro manufofi don ƙoƙarin iyakance waɗannan rashin daidaito. Wasu jami'o'i sun saukar da mafi ƙarancin shigarsu ko ƙirƙirar tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai daga "ƙananan makarantun sakandare". An kirkiro "Yankin Ilimi na Mata" a cikin Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana don rage bambancin jinsi. Rukunin yana ƙoƙari ya magance matsalar a tushen sa, yana mai da hankali kan ilimin asali don kauce wa manyan 'yan mata da suka bar makaranta daga JHS zuwa SHS. An sami ci gaba; tsakanin 1999 da 2005, yawan 'yan mata a makarantar sakandare ya karu daga 25% zuwa 32%. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wakilci mata sosai ba, saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayin makarantu masu ƙiyayya, fifiko da aka ba wa 'ya'ya maza a cikin iyalai matalauta, ci gaba da matsayin jinsi ("mace tana cikin gida"), auren da aka shirya da wuri, ciki na matasa, da sauransu. Daliban Ghana na ilimi mafi girma galibi maza ne da masu arziki: A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na 2020, Sakatariyar Bincike ta Ghana ta kaddamar da aikace-aikacen tallafin karatu na kan layi da tsarin gudanarwa don taimakawa wajen kawar da rashin jin daɗi da masu neman tallafin karatu ke fuskanta wajen neman tallafin gwamnati a ilimi. An kuma tsara wannan tsarin don taimakawa Sakatariyar yadda ya kamata kuma ta hanyar samar da tallafin karatu ga masu neman. Masu nema za su iya neman tallafin karatu kuma suyi gwajin iyawa a kan layi kuma a yi musu tambayoyi a gundumominsu ba tare da tafiya zuwa [[Accra]] ba, kamar yadda aka buƙaci a baya.<ref name="AGH-20200502">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=16 April 2020 |title=Apply For Scholarship In Ghana And Abroad Using Government's Online Application Process |url=https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=21 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421071320/https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ICT a cikin ilimi === [[Fayil:Wikimedia_Outreach_in_Ghana_6.jpeg|thumb|Daliban [[Jami'ar Ghana]] sun shiga cikin yaduwar Wikipedia]] A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kulawar gwamnati ta sauya zuwa amfani da fasahar kwamfuta a koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Matsayin ICT (Fasahar sadarwa Bayanai) a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana yana buƙatar amfani da ICT don koyarwa da koyo a duk matakan tsarin ilimi. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi ƙoƙari don tallafawa cibiyoyin koyar da ilimin ICT. Yawancin makarantun sakandare da wasu makarantun firamare suna da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta. Duk da sha'awar tarayya a cikin ICT, samun damar kwamfuta yana da iyaka sosai kuma ma'aikatan suna ɗaukar na'urorin lantarki don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace su ba. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da haɗin koyarwa na ICTs daga 2009 zuwa 2011 a cikin makarantu 10 na Ghana ya nuna cewa akwai rata tsakanin umarnin manufofi da ainihin ayyuka a makarantu. Ana mai da hankali ga tsarin karatun hukuma akan ci gaban ƙwarewar ɗalibai a cikin kayan aikin ICT, amma ba lallai ba ne ta amfani da fasaha a matsayin hanyar ilmantarwa ban da amfani da na'urorin. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a halin yanzu tana ƙoƙarin tura isasshen albarkatun ICT don haɓaka ilimin ICT da ake buƙata don ƙwarewar kwamfuta don a haɗa su cikin koyarwa / ilmantarwa. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 3x01b2y76wp4j11lfr5rmd3sppif54n 0 79920 891837 835481 2026-08-06T03:20:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Wadannan sune jerin dakunan karatu a [[Ghana]]. == Tebur == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Laburaren karatu !Wurin da yake !Shekarar da aka kafa !Shafin yanar gizo !Irin wannan |- |[[Gidan karatu na titi na Ghana]] |[[Accra]] |2011 | |Jama'a- Matasa da Yara |- |Babban ɗakin karatu na Accra <ref name="ghanaweb2007">{{Cite web |date=29 May 2007 |title=Library Board no longer dependant on donations |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=124811 |access-date=5 June 2013 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |[[Accra]] |1956 (kimanin kwanan wata) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=E.J.A. 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University of Cape Coast |url=https://library.ucc.edu.gh/aboutus/about-the-libraries/history |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=library.ucc.edu.gh }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |https://library.ucc.edu.gh/ |Ilimi |- |Jami'ar Ilimi Laburaren |Winneba |1992 <ref name="saur2011" /> |https://www.uew.edu.gh/main/library {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104001455/https://www.uew.edu.gh/main/library |date=2023-01-04 }} |Ilimi |- |Jami'ar Media, Arts da Sadarwa - GIJ Library |Accra |[https://unimac.edu.gh/# 2020]<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Media, Arts and Communication |url=http://staging.unimac.edu.gh/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |https://library.gij.edu.gh/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708141511/https://library.gij.edu.gh/ |date=2024-07-08 }} |Ilimi |- |Laburaren Yankin Gabas na Gabas <ref name="ghanaweb2007" /> |[Bolgatanga] | | | |- |Laburaren Yankin Yammacin Yamma <ref name="asamoah2012" /> |<Wa> | | | |- |Laburaren Yammacin Yamma <ref name="ghanaweb2007" /> |Sekondi |1955 <ref name="saur2011" /> | | |- |[[Wechiau Community Library|Laburaren Al'umma na Wechiau]] |[[Wechiau, Ghana|Wechiau]] |2011 |www.wechiau.org |Janar |- |[[Koforidua Technical University Library]] |Koforidua |1997 |https://library.ktu.edu.gh/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619053349/https://library.ktu.edu.gh/ |date=2024-06-19 }} |Ilimi |- |[[Tamale Technical University Library|Laburaren Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tamale]] |[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]] |1963 |https://tatu.edu.gh/library/ |Ilimi |- |[[Cape Coast Technical University Library|Laburaren Jami'ar Fasaha ta Cape Coast]] |Kogin Cape |1986<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cape Coast Technical University |url=https://cctu.edu.gh/site/page.php?id=49277 |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=cctu.edu.gh}}</ref> |https://cctu.edu.gh/site/page.php?id=69357 |Ilimi |- |[[Ho Technical University Library|Laburaren Jami'ar Fasaha ta Ho]] |Ho |1968 |https://library.htu.edu.gh/services/ |Ilimi |- |[[Hilla Liman Technical University Library]] |Wa |1999 |https://dhltu.edu.gh/ |Ilimi |- |[[China Europe International Business School Library|China Turai Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Duniya]] |[[Accra]] |2008 |https://library.ceibs.edu/en |Ilimi |- |[[Zenith University College Library|Laburaren Kwalejin Jami'ar Zenith]] |[[Accra]] |2001 |https://www.zucghana.org/site/contents/academics/13 |Ilimi |- |[[Jayee University Library|Laburaren Jami'ar Jayee]] |[[Accra]] |1988 |https://juc.edu.gh/page?id=8543299 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708233655/https://juc.edu.gh/page?id=8543299 |date=2024-07-08 }} |Ilimi |- |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == ; An buga shi a karni na 20 * {{Cite journal |last=G.M. Pitcher |year=1970 |title=Libraries and Librarianship in Ghana, 1944-1969 |journal=Ghana Library Journal}} * {{Cite journal |last=A.A. Alemna |year=1983 |title=Development of School Libraries in Ghana |journal=International Library Review |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=217–223 |doi=10.1016/0020-7837(83)90011-0}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.carligh.org/ Kungiyar Litattafan Ilimi da Bincike a Ghana] * [http://www.ghanalibraryboard.com/ Hukumar Laburaren Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930052451/http://www.ghanalibraryboard.com/ |date=2023-09-30 }} * [http://www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/african/ALN125/125DigLibsGhana.html Gidajen karatu na dijital a Ghana], 2008 qtr4c1uu5tvvo31xqze8249jpebkfqi 0 80010 891719 696458 2026-08-05T15:45:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ZambianSchool4.JPG|right|thumb|Cikin makarantar firamare ta ƙauyuka ta Zambiya]] [[Fayil:Faposa.jpg|thumb|Ilimi a Zambia]] Ƙananan '''ilimi a [[Zambiya|Zambia]]''' an raba shi zuwa matakai uku kuma waɗannan sune: firamare, ƙaramin sakandare da sakandare. Ilimi mafi girma a Zambia ya inganta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda karuwar jami'o'i da kwalejoji masu zaman kansu. Jami'ar da ta fi girma ita ce Jami'ar Jama'a ta Zambia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} University of Zambia |url=https://www.unza.zm/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=unza.zm}}</ref> wacce ke cikin babban birnin Lusaka tare da babbar hanyar gabas kuma tana karbar bakuncin ɗalibai da yawa na cikin gida da na duniya. [[Jami'ar Copperbelt]] ita ce jami'ar jama'a ta biyu mafi girma kuma tana cikin lardin Copperbelt na Zambia a [[Kitwe]], kuma jami'ar gwamnati mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce [[Jami'ar Mulungushi]], tare da babban harabarta 26 km arewacin Kabwe. Akwai wasu ƙananan jami'o'i da yawa, na jama'a da masu zaman kansu ciki har da: Jami'ar Texila ta Amurka, [[Zambian Open University|Jami'ar Zambia Open]], Jami'an Turai Jami'ar Zambiya Katolika, Jami'in Cavendish, Jami'a Adventist ta Zambia, Jami'iyyar Northrise, Jami'aren Lusaka, [[Woodlands University College|Kwalejin Jami'ar Woodlands]], Kwalejijin Jami'an Copperstone, Jami'er Barotseland, Jami'akar Afirka, Jami'o'ar Bayanai da Sadarwa, Jami'irantar Kwame Nkrumah, Jami'war Tsaro, Jami'antar Tsaro, Jama'ar Rusangu, Jami'aron Nazarin Robert Makasa, Jami'i na Nazarin Lissafi da Zauren Kula da Kiwon Lafiya kuma akwai Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafi daban-daban da ke ba da Cibiyar Nazari da ke ba<ref>{{Cite web |title=Registered Private HEIs |url=https://www.hea.org.zm/index.php/registered-private-heis2 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=hea.org.zm |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919191005/https://hea.org.zm/index.php/registered-private-heis2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi na Yara (ECE), Ilimi na Firamare da na Sakandare == {{Annual Education Expenditure in Zambia}}Ilimi na Firamare a Zambia shine tushe na kowane wanda ya shiga makaranta, yana tafiya daga aji 1 - 7 tare da dalibai sannan ana sa ran su wuce jarrabawar da [[Examination Council of Zambia|Majalisar jarrabawa ta Zambia]] ta kafa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Examinations Council of Zambia {{!}} An Examining Body of Excellence |url=https://www.exams-council.org.zm/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> a ƙarshen shekara ta makaranta ta 7. Makarantu na firamare sun bazu a duk sassan kasar. Zambia tana da kusan Gundumomi 110. Makarantun firamare mallakar gwamnati ne, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da al'ummomi. Malamai suna aiki a can da son rai ko don ƙananan tallafi, sai dai idan waɗannan makarantun suna tallafawa ta hanyar agaji. Wasu makarantun al'umma suna cajin kuɗi mai yawa kuma suna kama da makarantun masu zaman kansu masu ƙarancin kuɗi, amma mafi yawansu suna da arha sosai kuma suna kula da ɗaliban da makarantar karamar hukuma ke da nisa sosai ko kuma suna sanya farashi mai mahimmanci kamar kayan aiki. Baya ga wasu manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu, makarantun Zambiya suna da karancin kayan aiki kuma ka'idodin ilimi suna da ƙarancin gaske. Makaranta ta fada cikin matakan da suka biyo baya: * ECE, makarantar sakandare da karɓar baƙi * Firamare, maki 1-7 * Junior Secondary, maki 8-9 * Babban sakandare, maki 10-12 Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, za ku iya shiga makarantar sakandare kai tsaye (Makarantun sakandare suna ba da ilimi daga aji 8-12) - abin takaici akwai yankuna a Zambia waɗanda ba su da makarantun sakandare. An yi ƙoƙari kuma suna da makarantu na asali. A al'ada, maki 8-9 sun kasance wani ɓangare na makarantar asali. Wannan ya ba da damar ɗalibai su iya shiga makarantar sakandare don ci gaba da karatunsu har zuwa aji na 9, kuma suna ba da makarantun firamare ƙarin kuɗin shiga (kamar yadda ake ba da izinin makarantun gwamnati su cajin kuɗi ga lambuna 8 da 9).A yankunan karkara wasu dalibai suna tafiya mai nisa don samun damar ilimin firamare kuma wannan ya kasance rashin amfani a cikin gwagwarmayar ilimantar da tsara mai zuwa. === Tsarin ilimi === [[Fayil:A_classroom_of_children_from_rural_homes.jpg|thumb|Ɗalibin yara daga gidajen karkara]] Tsarin Ilimi a Zambia yana da matakai huɗu: ==== Matakin Ilimi na Yara ==== * Makarantar sakandare. * Karɓar baƙi. (babu jarrabawar kasa.) ==== Matsayi na farko ==== * Grade 1 zuwa 7. * Ilimi a wannan matakin kyauta ne a duk makarantun gwamnati. (Jarabawar Kasa.) ==== Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior ==== * Grade 8 zuwa 9. * A ka'ida kyauta amma buƙatu da yawa ==== Babban Makarantar Sakandare ==== * Grade 10 zuwa 12. * Ilimi a wannan matakin kyauta ne a duk makarantun gwamnati kuma suna ba da tallafi ga makarantun da aka taimaka tun daga shekarar 2022. * Tsarin ilimi na GCSE. * ASAT a aji na 9 == Ilimi mafi girma == A Zambia, akwai jami'o'in gwamnati guda uku da makarantun fasaha da yawa waɗanda ke ba da ilimi mafi girma. Ma'aikatar Fasahar Kimiyya da Horar da Kwarewa (MSTVT) a Zambia an kuma bunkasa ta a 1992 don inganta ci gaba a fannonin fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2019-03-13 |title=Higher Education in Zambia {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Higher%20Education%20Worldwide/higher-education-zambia |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519100037/https://www.k12academics.com/Higher%20Education%20Worldwide/higher-education-zambia |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore the Network |url=https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/Explore+the+UNEVOC+Network/lang=en/centre=441 |access-date=29 May 2020 |publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Hanyoyin ilimi bayan makarantar sakandare suna da iyaka a Zambia. Bayan makarantar sakandare, ɗalibai galibi suna karatu a kwalejoji daban-daban a duk faɗin ƙasar. Yawancin lokaci duk suna zaɓar ɗalibai bisa ga iyawa; gasa don wurare tana da ƙarfi. Gabatar da kudade a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ya sa ba za a iya samun ilimi a matakin jami'a ga wasu ba, kodayake gwamnati ta ba da tallafin gwamnati. Jami'ar Copperbelt ta buɗe a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ta karɓi mafi yawan tsohon shafin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zambia a Kitwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettycdriscoll |date=2013-07-15 |title=Zambia: Education |url=http://zambiass.blogspot.com/2013/07/education.html |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=Zambia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore the Network |url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/4918.htm |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=4icu.org/reviews/4918.htm}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai kwalejojin horar da malamai da yawa da ke ba da shirye-shiryen horar da shekaru biyu, yayin da asibitocin mishan a duk faɗin ƙasar ke ba da horo mai karɓa a duniya ga ma'aikatan jinya. Makarantu da yawa na Kirista suna ba da horo na matakin seminary. Akwai manyan jami'o'i uku da wasu da yawa: * [[Jami'ar Zambia]] (UNZA) * [[Jami'ar Copperbelt]] (CBU) * [[Jami'ar Mulungushi]] (MU) * Jami'ar Texila ta Amurka Zambia (TAU) * Jami'ar DMI St. Eugene (DMISEU) * [[Jami'ar Lusaka]] (UNILUS) * [[Jami'ar Rusangu]] (RU) * [[Jami'ar Cavendish Zambia]] (CUZ) * Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Lusaka Apex (LAMU) * [[Zambian Open University|Jami'ar Zambia Open]] (ZOU) * [[Woodlands University College|Kwalejin Jami'ar Woodlands]] * [[Jami'ar Kwame Nkrumah]] (KWANU) * Jami'ar Afirka (UOA) * Jami'ar Barotseland * [[Information and Communication University|Jami'ar Bayanai da Sadarwa]] (ICU) * [[Mukuni University|Jami'ar Mukuni]] (MU) * Jami'ar Eden * Jami'ar Ilimi ta Kwalejin Kitwe * Jami'ar Bincike ta Afirka (ARU) Ƙarin Cibiyoyin Ilimi Mafi Girma: Baya ga wannan jami'o'i da kwalejoji, kasar tana da ɗayan tsofaffin kwalejoji da ke ba da ilimi mai nisa. Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tsakiya ta Zambia (ZACODE) da ta kasance a baya Kwalejin Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa tun 1963. Kwalejin ta fara ne daga Kwalejin Evelyn Hone sannan ta sauya daga Lusaka zuwa Luanshya. Kolejin ya kasance yana da masu koyo 30,000 da amfanin gona na yanzu na shugabannin a cibiyoyi daban-daban sun amfana daga kayan da kwalejin ta samar kuma ya ci gaba da samarwa. Kolejoji da jami'o'i da ke ba da ilimi na nesa dole ne su shiga kwalejin don taimaka musu inganta kayan nesa da ake bayarwa don su zama masu hulɗa. * Cibiyar Gudanar da Gwamnati ta Kasa (NIPA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Institute of Public Administration {{!}} The best Training Institution |url=http://www.nipa.ac.zm/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=nipa.ac.zm |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kwalejin Fasaha ta Arewa (NORTEC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Technical College (NORTEC) – Creative Minds and Hands |url=http://www.nortec.edu.zm/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205124626/http://www.nortec.edu.zm/ |archive-date=5 December 2016 |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=nortec.edu.zm |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kwalejin Ci Gaban albarkatun Halitta (NRDC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.nrdc.biz/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=nrdc.biz}}</ref> * Kwalejin Evelyn Hone <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evelyn Hone College of applied Arts and Commerce |url=http://www.evelynhone.edu.zm/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=evelynhone.edu.zm |language=en-US |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621045250/http://www.evelynhone.edu.zm/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=The University Teaching Hospital |url=http://www.uth.gov.zm/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=uth.gov.zm |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Ngoma Dolce <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngoma Dolce Music Academy |url=http://www.ngomadolce.org/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=Ngoma Dolce Music Academy |language=en}}</ref> * Jami'ar Northrise <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northrise University – Empowering the people of Zambia, one student at a time |url=http://www.northriseuniversity.com/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=Northrise University |language=en-US}}</ref> * Makarantar Horar da Nursing ta Chikankata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikankata Mission, Zambia – Chikankata Mission |url=http://www1.salvationarmy.org/zam/www_zam_chikankata.nsf/vw-sublinks/912D6B14CA18A1648025700F003B7830 |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=www1.salvationarmy.org |language=en |archive-date=11 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211100235/http://www1.salvationarmy.org/zam/www_zam_chikankata.nsf/vw-sublinks/912D6B14CA18A1648025700F003B7830 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ayyukan Ba da Shawara na Kabsy <ref>{{Cite web |title=KABSY CONSULTANCY SERVICES |url=https://kabsyconsultancyservices.org/ |access-date=24 November 2018 |website=KABSY CONSULTANCY SERVICES |language=en-US |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220229/https://kabsyconsultancyservices.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Jami'ar Afirka Kungiyoyin agaji da yawa suna tallafawa makarantu da dalibai a Zambia don kammala karatunsu. Brighter Futures Zambia ta rufe kudaden marayu da yara masu rauni a Monze, Lardin Kudancin. Cibiyar Tasirin tana aiki da makarantu 10 a Lardin Gabashin Zambia ta amfani da sabon tsarin e-learning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact Network |url=http://impactnetwork.org/eschool360/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624191806/http://impactnetwork.org/eschool360/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=Impact Network}}</ref> Asusun Cecily yana tallafawa darussan makaranta na yara sama da 11,000 (kamar Yuni 2010). <ref>[http://www.cafonline.org/default.aspx?page=19221 CAF helps Cecily's Fund to support children orphaned by AIDS], Charities Aid Foundation. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</ref> Har ila yau, aikin agaji yana ba da cikakken kuɗin Makarantar Jama'a ta Bwafano a [[Lusaka]]. Sauran kungiyoyin agaji sun hada da Camfed da [[Bakashana]] wadanda ke tallafawa mata da 'yan mata a Zambia don kammala makaranta. Makarantar Taimako ta Sun-spring tana ba da kusan ilimi kyauta ga yara marasa galihu a garin Ng'ombe a wajen Lusaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sun-spring Charity School |url=https://www.facebook.com/helpkidslearnnow/?ref=aymt_homepage_panel |access-date=24 November 2018 |language=en |via=Facebook}}</ref>  == Taimako daga kungiyoyin agaji == Kungiyoyin agaji da yawa suna tallafawa makarantu da dalibai a Zambia don kammala karatunsu. Sun-spring Charity School tana ba da ilimi na asali kyauta ga Marayu da Yara masu rauni, Brighter Futures Zambia suna rufe kuɗin marayu da yara masu rauni a Monze, Lardin Kudancin. Cibiyar Tasirin tana aiki da makarantu 10 a Lardin Gabashin Zambia ta amfani da sabon tsarin e-learning.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact Network |url=http://impactnetwork.org/eschool360/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624191806/http://impactnetwork.org/eschool360/ |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=25 May 2016 |website=Impact Network}}</ref> Asusun Cecily yana tallafawa darussan makaranta na yara sama da 11,000 (kamar Yuni 2010). <ref>[http://www.cafonline.org/default.aspx?page=19221 CAF helps Cecily's Fund to support children orphaned by AIDS], Charities Aid Foundation. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</ref> Har ila yau, aikin agaji yana ba da cikakken kuɗin Makarantar Jama'a ta Bwafano a [[Lusaka]]. Sauran kungiyoyin agaji sun hada da Camfed, [[Bakashana]], da [[Insaka]] wadanda ke tallafawa mata da 'yan mata a Zambia don kammala makaranta. A ƙarshe, Makarantun FVL daga Appleton, Wisconsin suna haɗin gwiwa tare da Makarantun Lutheran a Lusaka kuma sun ba da sama da $ 60,000 don gina ɗakunan abinci, samar da abinci, da siyan kayan makaranta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090323020843/http://www.sacmeq.org/education-zambia.htm Kididdigar Ilimi da Ingancin Ilimi a Zambia], Kudancin da Gabashin Afirka Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) * [http://www.educationzambia.com/ Educationzambia.com - Injin Ilimi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060505090130/http://www.thezambian.com/pages/education.aspx TheZambian.com - Makarantu] * [https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1698/Zambia-EDUCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html https://education.stateuniversity.com/shafuffuka/1698/Zambia-EDUCATIONAL-SYSTEM-OVERVIEW.html] * [https://www.zaqa.gov.zm/higher-education-institutions/ https://www.zaqa.gov.zm/mafi girman ilimi-cibiyoyin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908031055/http://www.zaqa.gov.zm/higher-education-institutions/ |date=2018-09-08 }} An adana shi 6oc2p3nxs7q2hrt93l1ofo11h7o2z0x 0 80026 891823 827695 2026-08-06T01:02:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="wikitable sortable" !Research Centers in Morocco !Field of activity |- |[http://www.lrcdt.org Laboratory for Research on Comparative Democratic Transition (LRCDT)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330133224/https://www.lrcdt.org/ |date=2023-03-30 }}, Settat |[[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|Social Sciences]] |- |[http://www.uir.ac.ma/leposhs-etudes-politiques-et-shs Laboratoire d'Etudes Politiques et de Sciences Humaines et Sociales (LEPOSHS)] {{Webarchive}}, [[Rabat]] |Humanities and [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|Social Sciences]] |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131224193412/http://www.cerhso.com/Fr/index.asp Center for Studies and Research in Humanities and Social Sciences (CERHSO)], Oujda |Humanities and [[Kimiyyar zamantakewa|Social Sciences]] |- |[http://www.ires.ma/ Royal Institute for Strategic Studies (IRES)], [[Rabat]] |Strategic Studies |- |[http://www.cermid.ma/ Centre for Studies and Research on International Migration and Sustainable Development (CERMID), Casablanca] {{Webarchive}} |Migration and Development |- |[http://www.cmerc.ma/ Moroccan Center for Contemporary Studies and Research (CMERC), Rabat] |Social Sciences & Humanities to Study Values |- |[http://www.cerss-ma.org/ Centre for Studies and Research in Social Sciences (CERS), Rabat] |Social Sciences |- |[http://www.cesem.ma/ Centre d’Etudes Sociales, Economiques et Managériales (CESEM)], [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]] |Social Sciences |- |[http://www.cjb.ma/ Centre Jacques Berque pour le Développement des Sciences Humaines et Sociales au Maroc (CJB), Rabat] |Humanities & Social Sciences |- |[http://www.aui.ma/en/hcc/ Hillary Rodham Clinton Women’s Empowerment Center, Ifrane] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206015118/http://www.aui.ma/en/hcc |date=2023-12-06 }} |Humanities & Social Sciences |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20180609024352/http://www.cmiesi.ma/acmiesi/fr/ Interdisciplinary Moroccan Center for Strategic and International Studies (CMIESI), Fez] |International and Strategic Studies |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226011238/http://www.conjoncture.ma/EtudesetFormations/tabid/86/Default.aspx Centre Marocain de Conjoncture (CMC), Rabat] |Social Sciences |- |[http://www.maroc.ird.fr/ Research Institute for Development, Rabat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614063749/https://maroc.ird.fr/ |date=2024-06-14 }} |Development Studies |- |- |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131113171555/http://www.hcp.ma/Centre-d-Etudes-et-de-Recherches-Demographiques_a735.html Center for Demographic Studies and Research(CERD), Rabat] |Demographic Studies |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081303/http://www.irrhm.ma/LangFr.aspx?r=15%2F Royal Institute for Research in the History of Morocco (IRRHM), Rabat] |[[Tarihi|History]] of the [[Moroko|Kingdom of Morocco]] |- |[http://www.crlinks.ma/ Center for Legal, Economic, and Social Studies (LINKS), Rabat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621162256/http://crlinks.ma/ |date=2024-06-21 }} |Social Sciences |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162723/http://cmes-maroc.com/ Moroccan Center for Strategic Studies (CMES), Rabat] |Strategic Studies |- |[http://www.cnr.ac.ma/ National Center for Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219030031/http://www.cnr.ac.ma/ |date=2013-12-19 }} |Scientific Research |- |[http://www.inra.org.ma/accueil1.asp?codelangue=23&po=2/ National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat] 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Fishery Research, Casablanca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616230533/https://www.inrh.ma/ |date=2024-06-16 }} |Fishery |- |[http://www.insea.ac.ma/def.asp?codelangue=23/ National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Rabat]{{Dead link|date=December 2017}} |Statistics and Applied Economics |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216183426/http://www.rdmaroc.com/ Moroccan Association for Research and Development, Casablanca] |Research and Development |- |[http://www.smr.ma/ Moroccan Society of Rheumatology, Rabat] |Medicine |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216184727/http://www.amerm.ma/home.php/ Moroccan Association for Studies and Research on Migration, Rabat] |Migration |- |[http://www.inau.ac.ma/siteinauFr/index.asp?page=/siteinauFr/administration/acceuil.asp/ National Institute for Urban Planning and Urbanism] {{Webarchive}} |Urbanism |- |[http://www.aui.ma/ieaps/ Institute of Economic Analysis and Prospective Studies (IEAPS)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923222713/http://www.aui.ma/ieaps/ |date=2015-09-23 }}, Ifrane |Economic and Prospective Studies |- |[http://www.cbe.co.ma/ Center for Business Ethics (CBE)] {{Webarchive}}, Ifrane |Training and Research |- |[http://www.aui.ma/en/lc-menu/english-for-staff/74-school-of-humanities-a-social-sciences/2526-social-science-research-institute-ssri.html/ Social Science Research Institute (SSRI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917044555/http://www.aui.ma/en/lc-menu/english-for-staff/74-school-of-humanities-a-social-sciences/2526-social-science-research-institute-ssri.html |date=2019-09-17 }}, Ifrane |Social Sciences |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20131217111119/http://www.reso-education.com/site/content/view/18/28/ RESO Education Foundation] |Education |- |[http://www.mominoun.com/ Mominoun Without Borders, Rabat] |Social Sciences |- |[http://www.sms-institut.com/ Social and Media Studies Institute (SMSI), Casablanca]{{Dead link|date=December 2021}} |Social Sciences and media studies |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} rpvcuyqcrckpo0v6dq4479z1sct92t9 0 80327 891887 536097 2026-08-06T05:56:17Z Baffa ali 47435 891887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Talatu Umar''' ita ce shugabar alkalan jihar Bauci. Ta gaji Ibrahim Mohammed Zango a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://leadership.ng/wigs-with-brains-7-female-chief-judges-steering-judicial-sector-in-northern-nigeria/ |title=Wigs With Brains: 7 Female Chief Judges Steering Judicial Sector In Northern Nigeria|author1=Murtala, A.|author2=Nmodu, A.|author3=Ajobe, A.T.|author4=Doya, K.I.|publisher=Leadership NG|date=March 2024|accessdate=29 June 2024}}</ref> sannan ita hai faffiyar baucice yar kasar Najeriya . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 9hm92t0m0l5jxrms715h177t4ubw06l 0 80881 891877 519385 2026-08-06T05:36:48Z Baffa ali 47435 891877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yaƙin Kroton''' a cikin 204 da 203 BC sun kasance, da kuma hari a Cisalpine Gaul, babban ma'auni na ƙarshe tsakanin Romawa da Carthaginians a Italiya a lokacin Yaƙin ƙwari na Biyu. Bayan da Hannibal ya koma Bruttium saboda rikicin Metaurus, Romawa sun ci gaba da ƙoƙarin hana sojojinsa shiga Tekun Ionian tare da yanke tserewa daga ƙarshe zuwa Carthage ta hanyar kama Kroton, tashar jirgin ruwa ta ƙarshe wacce ta kasance a hannunsa bayan shekaru na yaƙi.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_Kroton</ref> An yi yakeyaken a kasar Italia . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== ek9t06lj9xn1itn3c4o6i6xyu1w98w9 0 82878 891836 501935 2026-08-06T03:15:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tropical rain forest.jpg|thumb|hutun dajin da ruwan sama'a ke sauka ko da wani lokaci]] Yankin yanki na halittu na duniya, wanda aka fi sani da Ecoregions na Duniya (TEOW), ya ƙunshi yankuna 867 waɗanda aka raba zuwa halittu 14. Baya ga bayar da cikakken taswirar bambancin halittu na duniya, TEOW kuma yana ba da bayanan halittu na Duniya don nazarin muhalli da saitin fifiko, tsarin biogeographic mai ma'ana don dabarun kiyayewa masu yawa, taswirar don inganta ilimin halittu, da kuma tushe don Global 200 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World (TEOW) {{!}} Tierras y Aguas {{!}} Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura {{!}} Land & Water {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=https://www.fao.org/land-water/land/land-governance/land-resources-planning-toolbox/category/details/es/c/1036295/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=www.fao.org |archive-date=2023-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029043521/https://www.fao.org/land-water/land/land-governance/land-resources-planning-toolbox/category/details/es/c/1036295/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World {{!}} Data Basin |url=https://databasin.org/datasets/68635d7c77f1475f9b6c1d1dbe0a4c4c/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=databasin.org}}</ref> Hakazalika, wani marubucin ya nuna cewa, akwai nau'ikan halittu guda 14, da suka haɗa da dazuzzuka, ciyayi, da sahara, a cikin yankuna 846 da suka ƙunshi yankin. Ecoregions sun bambanta da girman; rukunin tsibirin St. Peter da St. Paul Rocks a cikin Tekun Atlantika yana da nisan kilomita 6 kacal, yayin da Taiga ta Gabashin Siberiya ke da nisan kilomita miliyan 39. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dempsey |first=Caitlin |date=2021-05-12 |title=Terrestrial Ecoregions GIS Data |url=https://www.gislounge.com/terrestrial-ecoregions-gis-data/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=GIS Lounge |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan sune jerin abubuwan da suka faru a [[Najeriya]], a cewar Asusun Duniya na yanayi . == Ecoregions na ƙasa == ta manyan wuraren zama === Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi === * [[Dazuzzuka na tsaunuka na Kamaru|Dazuzzukan tsaunukan Kamaru]] * [[Gidajen daji na Cross-Niger|Cross-Niger dazuzzuka]] * [[Gidajen da ke bakin teku na Cross-Sanaga-Bioko|Cross–Sanaga–Bioko dazuzzukan gabar teku]] * Neja-Delta na fadama dazuzzuka * [[Kananan Dazuzzukan Najeriya|Dazuzzukan dazuzzukan kasa na Najeriya]] === Hotunan wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi na ciyawa, savannas, da shrublands === * Saban Sudan ta Gabas * gandun daji na Guinea-savanna mosaic * [[Hoton dutse na Mandara|Mandara Plateau mosaic]] * Gandun daji na Arewacin Kongo-savanna mosaic * [[Sahel|Sahelian Acacia savanna]] * Savanna Sudan ta Yamma === Montane ciyayi da shrublands === * [[Jos Plateau|Dajin Jos Plateau - mosaic na ciyawa]] === Filayen ciyawa da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye === * [[Tafkin Chadi ya yi ambaliya savanna|Tafkin Chadi ya mamaye savanna]] === Mangroves === * [[Mangroves na Afirka ta Tsakiya]] == Ruwan ruwa ecoregions == ''ta bioregion'' === Nilo-Sudan === * [[Bight Coastal]] * Kamun Tafkin Chadi * [[Lower Niger-Benue|Jihar Neja-Benue]] * [[Neja Delta|Niger Delta]] === Yammacin Coastal Equatorial === * [[Northern West Coastal Equatorial|Arewa maso yamma Coastal Equatorial]] == Marine ecoregions == * [[Gulf of Guinea Central]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * Burgess, Neil, Jennifer D'Amico Hales, Emma Underwood (2004). ''Ƙasashen Duniya na Afirka da Madagascar: Ƙimar Kariya'' . Island Press, Washington DC. * Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson ''et al.'' "Marine Ecoregions of the World: Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". ''Bioscience'' Vol. 57 Na 7, Yuli/Agusta 2007, shafi na 573-583. * Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). ''Ruwan Ruwa na Afirka da Madagascar: Ƙimar Kariya'' . Island Press, Washington DC. * Toham, Andre Kamdem ''et al.'', eds. (2006). ''Hasashen Kiyaye ɗimbin halittu a Afirka ta Tsakiya: Abubuwan da suka shafi Halittu don kiyayewa a cikin gandun daji na Guinea-Congolian da Yankin Ruwa mai Ruwa'' . Asusun namun daji na duniya, Washington DC. Shafi A-52. {{Nigeria topics}}{{Ecoregions in Africa}} 4wi18bbbqn6g163u9rhy0ln3504oima 0 83533 892093 534471 2026-08-06T11:47:10Z Baffa ali 47435 892093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shina Rambo''' (an haifeshi a shekarar 1958), dan taaddane na kudancin yammacin nijeriya a shekarar 1990. An haifeshi a abeokuta, A jahar ogun. shi matsafine wanda ya yarda da harkar tsafi. bayan haka ya kasance malamin coci bayan a sake shi daga gidan yari Alokacin olusegun obasanjo daga baya yayi tinatarwa a matsayin shi na malamin coci. yan sanda sunyi mamakin da ya kasance har yanzu yana yana raye. Yana da shekara 56 zuwa 66 . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1958]] j111utxbnx7oew4zfn7o1kt2dujfju7 0 84131 891943 559954 2026-08-06T08:26:10Z Baffa ali 47435 891943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Cif '''Theophilus Adeleke Akinyele'''' (29 Fabrairu 1932 - 26 Oktoba 2020) mashawarcin kasuwanci ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati. An haifi Akinyele a [[Ibadan]]. Ya sami digiri na BA a [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan]] (yanzu Jami'ar Ibadan) a 1959. Ya kuma yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Oxford]], Jami'ar Connecticut da Harvard Business School. Ya mutu a ranar 26 oktoba shekara 2020 . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2020]] 6pfqxdy4pt5cdje087i9xjakijy83g2 891944 891943 2026-08-06T08:27:04Z Baffa ali 47435 891944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Cif '''Theophilus Adeleke Akinyele'''' (daga ranar 29 gawatan Fabrairu 1932 - 26 Oktoba 2020) mashawarcin kasuwanci ne kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati. An haifi Akinyele a [[Ibadan]]. Ya sami digiri na BA a [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar Ibadan]] (yanzu Jami'ar Ibadan) a 1959. Ya kuma yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Oxford]], Jami'ar Connecticut da Harvard Business School. Ya mutu a ranar 26 oktoba shekara 2020 . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2020]] 153lzcqb4bi6zb5mnbydma1ay2ep4ya 0 84290 891802 553859 2026-08-05T23:02:54Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Samuel Fatu''' (an haife shi ranar 18 ga watan Afrilu, 1992) ɗan kokawa ƙwararren ɗan Amurka ne. An rattaba hannu kan shi zuwa WWE, inda yake yin aiki akan alamar SmackDown a matsayin memba na barga na Bloodline. An kuma san shi don lokacinsa a gasar Kokawa ta Major League (MLW), inda ya kasance zakaran MLW na kasa na Openweight Champion sau daya da kuma zakara na MLW World Heavyweight Champion sau daya, yana rike da tarihin mulki mafi dadewa a tarihin taken karshen a 819. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1992]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] Jacob Fatu Cikakken bayani kan Jacob Fatu Jacob Samuel Fatu (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1992) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu yana aiki a WWE, inda yake fafatawa a shirin SmackDown a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar The Bloodline. Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan kokawa masu ƙarfi da saurin motsi duk da girman jikinsa. Haihuwa da asali An haifi Jacob Fatu a jihar California, Amurka. Ya fito daga shahararriyar dangin Anoaʻi, wadda ta samar da manyan taurarin kokawa na duniya. Mahaifinsa shi ne Sam Fatu, wanda ya yi suna a WWE da sunan The Tonga Kid. Hakanan Jacob ɗan'uwan wasu fitattun 'yan kokawa ne ta hanyar dangi, ciki har da Roman Reigns, The Usos (Jimmy da Jey Uso), Solo Sikoa, Rikishi, Yokozuna, Umaga da sauransu. Tun yana ƙarami ya kasance mai sha'awar kokawa, amma ya fuskanci ƙalubale a rayuwarsa kafin ya koma horo da ƙwarewa a harkar kokawa. Farkon aikinsa Jacob ya fara sana'ar kokawa a shekarar 2012 bayan samun horo daga ƙwararrun masu horas da 'yan kokawa. Ya fara fafatawa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyin kokawa na Amurka, inda ya yi suna saboda ƙarfinsa, juriyarsa da kuma salon kokawa mai ban mamaki. Shahararsa a MLW Babban abin da ya sa Jacob Fatu ya yi fice shi ne lokacin da ya shiga Major League Wrestling (MLW). A MLW: Ya zama MLW World Heavyweight Champion. Ya yi mulkin kambun na tsawon lokaci, wanda ya kasance cikin mafi tsawo a tarihin MLW. Ya kare kambunsa a fafatawa da fitattun 'yan kokawa da dama. Ya samu lambobin yabo saboda bajintarsa. A lokacin da yake MLW, Jacob ya kasance jagoran ƙungiyar Contra Unit, wadda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da suka mamaye gasar. Zuwa WWE A shekarar 2024, Jacob Fatu ya rattaba hannu da WWE. Ya bayyana a matsayin sabon memba na The Bloodline, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi fitattun 'yan kokawa daga dangin Anoaʻi. Shigowarsa ya kawo sabon ƙarfi ga ƙungiyar, inda ya yi suna saboda: Ƙarfin jikinsa. Hare-hare masu tsanani. Tsalle-tsalle masu ban mamaki duk da nauyinsa. Salon kokawa mai haɗari ga abokan hamayya. Salon kokawa Jacob Fatu yana da salo na musamman wanda ya haɗa: Ƙarfin jiki. Sauri da kuzari. Tsalle daga saman igiyoyi. Hare-hare masu ƙarfi. Juriyar ɗaukar duka. Wannan ya sa magoya baya da masana kokawa suke kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi hazaka a zamaninsa. Nasarori da lambobin yabo Wasu daga cikin manyan nasarorinsa sun haɗa da: MLW World Heavyweight Championship. Gasa da dama a ƙungiyoyin kokawa masu zaman kansu. Kasancewa memba na The Bloodline a WWE. Samun yabo daga masana kokawa saboda bajintarsa. Rayuwa ta sirri Jacob Fatu yana da iyali kuma yana son kare sirrin rayuwarsa. Duk da kasancewarsa fitaccen ɗan wasa, ba ya yawan bayyana bayanan iyalinsa ga jama'a. Yana alfahari da asalinsa na Samoa kuma yana ci gaba da wakiltar gadon dangin Anoaʻi a duniyar kokawa. Tasiri Jacob Fatu ya zama abin koyi ga matasa masu sha'awar kokawa saboda yadda ya canza rayuwarsa daga ƙalubale zuwa nasara. A yau, ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan taurarin WWE masu tasowa, kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da lashe manyan kambuna a nan gaba. qnlracy59u1md058v1b9klnakytbdta 0 84420 891676 532018 2026-08-05T13:04:05Z Baffa ali 47435 891676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''MANSAM''' ko '''Mata na Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a da Siyasa na [[Sudan]]''' ƙungiya ce ta mata na siyasa guda takwas, ƙungiyoyin farar hula 18, ƙungiyoyin matasa biyu da mutane a Sudan waɗanda sukayi aiki a lokacin [[Juyin juya halin Sudan|Juyin Juya Halin Sudan]]. Sannan iri voluntary association . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2dir1imyz74st4f9qcsh8p0ituab6gw 0 84555 892076 585003 2026-08-06T11:26:55Z Baffa ali 47435 892076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Muryar marassa Murya don '[[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin ɗan adam]] (VSV), wanda aka fi sani da Muryar marassa murya tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Kongo a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]. Koda yake tana aiki galibi a [[Kinshasa]], haɗin gwiwar ta kusa da ƙungiyoyi daga wasu larduna na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo musamman ta hanyar Cibiyar Kula da Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kasa (RENADHOC), tana ba da damar wakiltar ta a cikin manyan biranen ƙasar. Sunada gajeren VSV . {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 16b3fpw0yv7xrl6xfl6bo9yp3i1juje 0 86584 891805 574762 2026-08-05T23:08:16Z Mai Jiddah muhammad 44560 891805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Evans Rutto''' (an haife shi 8 Afrilu 1978 a Marakwet) ɗan tsere ne na Kenya. Ya yi tseren marathon na farko mafi sauri ta hanyar lashe tseren Marathon na Chicago a 2003 a cikin 2:05:50. Ya lashe gasar Marathon na London da kuma kambu na biyu a Chicago a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan 2004, tasirin Rutto yayi kasa sosai, sai a cikin 2006 ya dauki lokaci daga tseren gudun fanfalaki saboda rauni. Har yanzu bai koma gasa ba, kodayake mafi kyawun nasa har yanzu yana sa shi cikin manyan 20 mafi saurin gudu a kowane lokaci. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] Evans Rutto Evans Rutto (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 1978 a Marakwet, Kenya) tsohon ƙwararren ɗan tseren marathon ne daga ƙasar Kenya. Ya yi suna a duniya saboda ƙwarewarsa a tseren nisan zango (marathon), kuma yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taimaka wajen ɗaga darajar Kenya a fagen guje-guje na duniya. Rayuwar farko An haifi Evans Rutto a yankin Marakwet, wanda ke cikin ƙasar Kenya. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha'awa da ƙwarewa wajen gudu. Kamar yawancin fitattun 'yan tseren Kenya, ya taso yana gudanar da atisaye mai tsanani, wanda ya taimaka masa samun ƙarfin juriya da saurin gudu. Farkon aikinsa Rutto ya fara shiga gasannin guje-guje na cikin gida kafin ya fara fafatawa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. A hankali ya fara samun suna saboda yadda yake kammala tserensa cikin lokaci mai kyau, lamarin da ya ba shi damar shiga manyan gasannin marathon na duniya. Nasarar Marathon ta Chicago (2003) A shekarar 2003, Evans Rutto ya shiga Marathon ta Chicago a karo na farko. Duk da kasancewar wannan ne marathon ɗinsa na farko, ya ba duniya mamaki ta hanyar lashe gasar cikin awa 2:05:50, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi saurin lokutan marathon a lokacin. Wannan nasara ta sa sunansa ya shahara a duniya. Lashe Marathon ta London (2004) Bayan nasarar Chicago, Rutto ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta. A shekarar 2004, ya lashe Marathon ta London, ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin marathon na duniya. Wannan nasara ta tabbatar da cewa ba sa'a ba ce ta sa ya yi fice, illa ƙwarewa da jajircewa. Komawa kan kololuwa A shekarar 2007, ya sake lashe Marathon ta Chicago, wanda ya ba shi kambunsa na biyu a wannan gasa. Wannan ya nuna cewa yana cikin fitattun 'yan marathon na zamaninsa. Sauran gasannin da ya halarta Evans Rutto ya shiga manyan gasannin marathon da dama, ciki har da: Marathon ta Boston Marathon ta Rotterdam Marathon ta Fukuoka Marathon ta Seoul Marathon ta Amsterdam A wasu daga cikin waɗannan gasanni ya samu manyan matsayi, ko da yake bai yi nasara a dukkaninsu ba. Salon gudunsa Evans Rutto ya shahara da: Babban ƙarfin juriya. Iya kiyaye gudu mai sauri har zuwa ƙarshen tseren. Dabarar ƙara sauri a kilomita na ƙarshe. Mayar da hankali da natsuwa yayin gasa. Muhimmancin nasarorinsa Nasarorin Evans Rutto sun ƙarfafa martabar Kenya a fagen marathon. Ya kasance cikin ƙarni na 'yan tseren Kenya da suka mamaye manyan gasannin duniya, tare da zaburar da matasa da dama su shiga harkar guje-guje. Muhimman bayanai Cikakken suna: Evans Rutto Ranar haihuwa: 8 ga Afrilu, 1978 Wurin haihuwa: Marakwet, Kenya Ƙasa: Kenya Sana'a: Ɗan tseren marathon Babbar nasara: Lashe Marathon ta Chicago (2003 da 2007) da Marathon ta London (2004) Mafi kyawun lokacin marathon: Awa 2:05:50 (Chicago Marathon, 2003) Kammalawa Evans Rutto yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan tseren marathon na Kenya da suka yi fice a farkon shekarun 2000. Nasararsa a gasannin Chicago da London ta tabbatar da shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan marathon na duniya, kuma har yanzu ana tuna shi a tarihin wasannin guje-guje saboda gudummawar da ya bayar. lyb4ifv1jwooq1ajkwtqe8o59tgropl 0 87973 891708 553437 2026-08-05T13:52:28Z Baffa ali 47435 891708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Duane Julius Thomas''' (an haife shi watan Yuni a ranar 21, a shekara 1947 - Agusta 4, 2024) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai gudu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL) don Dallas Cowboys da Washington Redskins. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji don Buffaloes na Yammacin Texas.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aHMjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MWcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637%2C4157632</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] 1l26ozobj8bg3koz5hpi91whvrd2wp3 891709 891708 2026-08-05T13:54:49Z Baffa ali 47435 891709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Duane Julius Thomas''' (an haife shi watan Yuni a ranar 21, a shekara 1947 zuwa watan Agusta a ranar 4, shekara 2024) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka wanda ya kasance mai gudu a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa (NFL) don Dallas Cowboys da Washington Redskins. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji don Buffaloes na Yammacin Texas.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aHMjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MWcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6637%2C4157632</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] o6ezbrp0emcps6828umyw3ylbmupj7w 2 88006 892044 544813 2026-08-06T11:15:55Z Abusule dankofa 24259 892044 wikitext text/x-wiki SUNA NA ABUBAKAR SULEIMAN INA BADA GUDUMMUWA A HAUSA WIKIPEDIA. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hausa_Wikimedians_User_Group_Wikipedia@25_Writing_Contest_54.jpg#/media/File:Hausa_Wikimedians_User_Group_Wikipedia@25_Writing_Contest_54.jpg 5zfspdpqmb5ehp2tf3d71x6x8ima1ok 892049 892044 2026-08-06T11:18:30Z Abusule dankofa 24259 892049 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Wikipedia@25 Writing Contest 54.jpg|thumb|DANKOOFER®]] SUNA NA ABUBAKAR SULEIMAN INA BADA GUDUMMUWA A HAUSA WIKIPEDIA. pvrrkkbmcb84ptleec6i1h61u4gw7hw 0 88177 891673 553853 2026-08-05T13:00:01Z Baffa ali 47435 891673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jacinda Barrett Macht''': (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta 1972) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka da Asturaliya. ==Tarihin rayuwa== An haifi Barrett a Brisbane dake Queensland a Asturaliya<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacinda_Barrett#cite_note-:0-2</ref> diyar dan kwana-kwana ne na filin jirgin sama. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 9kshzowrjsbfvts46hyjr6g8nganeh2 0 88380 892007 641552 2026-08-06T10:27:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kail''' wani [[Lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]] ne - wata Municipalities of Germany|karamar hukuma ce ta, sannan kuma ƙaramar hukuma a cikin [[Districts of Germany|gundumar]] Cochem-Zell a [[Jamus]] . Tana cikin yankin .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2019}} == Yanayin ƙasa == === Wurin da yake === Garin yana cikin Eifel tare da kwarin [[Moselle (river)|Moselle]] a kudu. Kasancewa a gabas da yamma sune kwarin Pommerbach da Fellerbach bi da bi, yayin da ''Kailer Hochwald'' ("Kail High Forest") ke arewa maso yamma. === Yanayi === ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Kail ya kai 642 mm, wanda yake da ƙarancin gaske, yana fadawa cikin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ginshiƙi na hazo ga dukan Jamus. &nbsp;Sai kawai a kashi 29% na Tashoshin yanayi na German Weather Service sun kasance ƙananan adadi da aka rubuta. Watan da ya fi bushewa shine Fabrairu. Mafi yawan ruwan sama yana zuwa a watan Yuni. A cikin wannan watan, ruwan sama ya ninka sau 1.6 fiye da yadda yake a watan Fabrairu. Ruwan sama bai bambanta ba kuma yana yaduwa daidai a duk shekara. A kashi 15% kawai na tashoshin yanayi sune ƙananan sauye-sauyen yanayi da aka rubuta. == Tarihi == A cikin shekara ta 1121, Gidauniyar [[Treis-Karden|Karden]]" id="mwjQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Castor of Karden">Saint Castor's (masallaci; ''Stift St. Kastor'') a Karden ta sami mallakar ''cheledin'', kuma tarihi ya nuna cewa waɗannan har yanzu suna hannun Gidauniya har zuwa 1780. Koyaya, a cikin 1806, a lokacin mulkin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa, [[Faransa|Faransanci]] sun sayar da waɗannan mallakar. An kuma ambaci ƙauyen a cikin 1316 lokacin da aka kafa cocin Ikklisiya a Pommern a cikin Himmerod Abbey . Gidan ibada na Rosenthal Cistercian ya mallaki wani yanki a ƙauyen, kamar yadda Himmerod Abbey, gidan ibada na Carthusian a [[Trier]], gidan ibada ya Franciscan a Karden, Brauweiler Abbey a Klotten da Cathedral Chapter a Trier. Daga cikin manyan mutanen da ke da mallakar Kail sun kasance Waldecks na Kaimt, Barons Boos a Waldeck, Barons na Gymnich da Counts na Leyen. Bugu da ƙari, Ubangiji na Pyrmont sun mallaki bayi a Kail. Kodayake Kail yana da coci da aka keɓe ga Saint Bartholomew, an haɗa shi da Pommern. Tsohon ɗakin sujada, wanda aka rushe wani lokaci bayan 1905, bisa ga bayanan coci da aka gina tsakanin 1698 da 1701. An gina sabon ɗakin sujada tsakanin 1901 da 1903 zuwa tsare-tsaren masanin gine-ginen gwamnati da masanin gine'a Leopold Schweitzer daga [[Koblenz]]. Da farko a shekara ta 1794, Kail ya kasance a ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa. A cikin shekara ta 1814 an sanya shi ga Masarautar Prussia a Majalisa ta Vienna . Tun daga shekara ta 1946, ya kasance wani ɓangare na sabuwar jihar da aka kafa a lokacin ta Rhineland-Palatinate. == Siyasa == === Majalisar birni === Majalisar ta ƙunshi mambobi 8 na majalisa, wadanda aka zaba ta hanyar [[Plurality voting system|kuri'un da suka fi yawa]] a zaben birni da aka gudanar a ranar 7 ga Yuni 2009, da kuma magajin gari mai daraja a matsayin shugaban. === Mai girma === Magajin garin Kail shine Barbara Gehle . === Alamar makamai === Jaridar Jamusanci ta karanta: Schild durch eingeschweifte Spitze, daren a cikin Grün eine goldene Urne mit drei Ähren, gespalten; vorne a cikin Silber eine rote Rose, an nuna shi a cikin Silbar ein schwarzes Schindmesser.''Schild durch eingeschweifte Spitze, daren a cikin Grün eine goldene Urne mit drei Ähren, gespalten; vorne a cikin Silber eine rote Rose, da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Silbar ein schwarzes Schindmesser.'' Ana iya bayyana maƙamai na gari a cikin harshen Ingilishi kamar haka: Tierced in mantle, dexter argent a rose gules, sinister argent a flaying wuka bendwise sable, ma'anar zuwa shugaban kuma a cikin tushe vert wani akwatin da ke fitar da kunnuwa uku na alkama Ko. Kayan kwalliya yana nufin wani binciken archaeological na [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] da kuma asalin [[Harshen Latin|Roman]] na sunan wuri Kail, wanda ke nufin asali "gidan Calidus". Ana iya samun barrows na prehistoric daga zamanin La Tène a cikin gundumar Kailerwald. Kunnen alkama ya kamata su tuna da lokacin da ƙauyen ya tashi, tun da yake an ambaci shi a matsayin gonar [[noma]], da aikin gona da kansa, wanda har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a cikin gari a yau. Gidan Rosenthal ya kasance mai mallakar ƙasa a ƙauyen tsakanin 1547 da 1801, yana da dukiya da filaye masu daraja. cajin a kan dexter (dama na mai ɗaukar makamai, hagu na mai kallo), fure, shine kayan aikin makamai na Convent. Wutsiyar da ke kan mummunar (a gefen hagu na mai ɗaukar makamai, a gefen dama na mai kallo) ita ce halayyar Saint Bartholomew's, don haka tana wakiltar gari da kuma mai kula da cocin. Ya riƙe wannan girmamawa tun lokacin da aka gina tsohuwar ɗakin sujada a shekara ta 1698. An ɗauki maƙamai tun daga ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1985. == Al'adu da yawon shakatawa == Babban alamar ƙauyen shine Cocin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na Saint Bartholomew's . An gina shi tsakanin 1901 da 1903 kuma yana da windows tare da kyawawan gilashin launi. Wadannan sune gine-gine ko shafuka da aka jera a cikin Rhineland-Palatinate's Directory of Cultural Monuments - * Cocin Katolika na Saint Bartholomew (''Kirche St. Bartholomäus''), Hauptstraße 5 - Gothic Revival da ke tallafawa gine-gine, 1901-1903; kogon dutse tare da siffofin Gothic Reissance * Hauptstraße - ɗakin sujada na gefen hanya, a cikin siffar Saint Anthony, karni na 19 * Unterstraße 10 - ''Quereinhaus'' (haɗin gida da gidan kasuwanci da aka raba don waɗannan dalilai biyu a tsakiya, a tsaye zuwa titi), ƙarni na 19, mai ɗorewa; duk rikitarwa * Unterstraße 16 - gidan katako, wani bangare mai ƙarfi, Rufin mansarda, ƙarni na 18; reshen kasuwanci, ƙarni ya 19; gine-gine masu rikitarwa * A ''Kreisstraße'' 30/Landesstraße 107 crossroads - chapel a gefen hanya; daga 1891 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.kail-eifel.de/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na gari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214613/http://www.kail-eifel.de/ |date=2016-03-03 }} (a cikin Jamusanci) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8mkprm6qvg1t1cdq07gmqlcadfudksh 0 89977 891723 677499 2026-08-05T16:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891723 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Ingrida Šimonytė''' ({{IPA|lt|ɪŋʲɡʲrʲɪˈdˠɐ ʃʲɪmˠoːˈnʲîːtʲeː|lang}}{{IPA|lt|ɪŋʲɡʲrʲɪˈdˠɐ ʃʲɪmˠoːˈnʲîːtʲeː|lang}}Lithuanian: [ɪŋjɡjrjɪˈdɣɐ ʃjɪmɣoːˈnjîːtjeː]; an haife shi 15 ga watan Nuwamba 1974) ɗan siyasan Lithuania ne, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 17 na Lithuania daga 2020 zuwa 2024. {{IPA|lt|ɪŋʲɡʲrʲɪˈdˠɐ ʃʲɪmˠoːˈnʲîːtʲeː|lang}}Ba ta zama Firayim Minista na Lithuania ba. Ta kasance memba na Seimas na Mazabar Antakalnis tun daga 2016 kuma ta kasance Ministan Kudi a majalisar Kubilius ta biyu daga 2009 har zuwa 2012. Šimonytė ta kasance dan takara a zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 da 2024, amma ta rasa [[Gitanas Nausėda]] a zagaye na biyu a duka lokuta biyu. Ta kasance memba na Homeland Union tun 2022, tun da yake a baya ta kasance 'yar siyasa mai zaman kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-06 |title=I.Šimonytė tapo Tėvynės sąjungos-Lietuvos krikščionių demokratų nare |url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/i-simonyte-tapo-tevynes-sajungos-lietuvos-krikscioniu-demokratu-nare-56-1976266 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=15min.lt |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rinkevičius |first=Donatas |date=2022-12-06 |title=Šimonytė oficialiai įstojo į konservatorių partiją |url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1838625/simonyte-oficialiai-istojo-i-konservatoriu-partija |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=lrt.lt |language=lt}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Vilnius]], Šimonytė ya kammala [[karatu]] daga Jami'ar Vilnius tare da digiri a harkokin kasuwanci a shekarar 1996, daga baya ya sami digiri na biyu a shekarar 1998. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki da ma'aikacin gwamnati, tana aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen [[haraji]] a cikin Ma'aikatar Kudi har zuwa shekara ta 2004. Ta kasance a cikin sashen haraji har sai an zabi ta a matsayin ministan kudi a shekara ta 2009, wanda aka ba ta aiki tare da motsa tattalin arzikin Lithuania bayan Babban Mawuyacin hali. Ta yi murabus daga mukamin a shekarar 2012, kuma an nada ta mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin Bankin Lithuania, kuma shugabar Majalisar Jami'ar Vilnius, farfesa a fannin tattalin arziƙi a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya da Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta Jami'ar Vilnius, da kuma kudi na jama'a a Jami'ar ISM ta Gudanarwa da Tattalin Arziki. Šimonytė ta koma siyasa a shekarar 2016, lokacin da ta yi takara a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kanta a Zaben majalisar dokoki na 2016 don wakiltar mazabar Antakalnis a Vilnius, daga karshe ta lashe kujerar majalisa. A cikin 2018, Šimonytė ta sanar da kamfen dinta a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2019; ta lashe zaben Homeland Union . Ta lashe zagaye na farko na zaben a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2019, kafin ta sanya maki 33 a bayan 'yan uwanta masu zaman kansu Gitanas Nausėda a runoff a ranar 26 ga Mayu. An sake zabar ta a majalisar dokoki a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2020, inda kungiyar Homeland Union ta lashe yawancin kujeru. Bayan tabbatar da sakamakon zaben, an gabatar da Šimonytė a matsayin dan takarar firaministan minista ta hanyar hadin gwiwar da ta kunshi Homeland Union, Liberal Movement da Freedom Party; ta hau mulki a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, tare da nadin ministocinta. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Šimonytė ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sake tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2024 . Ta kai ga runoff amma ta sake rasa Nausėda a cikin raguwa da ke samun kashi 24% na kuri'un da Nausėde ta samu kashi 76%. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Šimonytė a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba 1974 a [[Vilnius]] ga mahaifin da ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan farar hula, da mahaifiyar, Danutė Šimonienė, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayinta na masanin tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulauskas |first=Julius |date=24 May 2019 |title=Kas Ingridos Šimonytės tėvas ir kodėl jis slepiamas? |url=https://bukimevieningi.lt/kas-ingridos-simonytes-tevas-ir-kodel-jis-slepiamas/ |website=Bukimevieningi.lt |language=lt}}</ref> Ta koma gundumar Antakalnis ta Vilnius tare da iyayenta a shekarar 1984, inda ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na yarinta. A shekara ta 1992, Šimonytė ta kammala karatu daga Vilnius Žirmūnai Gymnasium, inda aka amince da ita kuma aka ba ta lambar yabo saboda kwarewarta ta ilimi a lissafi.<ref name="seimas bio">{{Cite web |title=Ingrida Šimonytė |url=https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=35299&p_k=2&p_a=498&p_asm_id=56180 |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=lrs.lt |publisher=[[Seimas]]}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta shiga Faculty of Economics a Jami'ar Vilnius, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri a harkokin kasuwanci a shekarar 1996. Daga baya ta koma ma'aikatar, kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1998. <ref name="seimas bio"/> == Ayyukan siyasa == === Farkon aiki === A shekara ta 1997, Šimonytė ya fara aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki da Ma'aikacin gwamnati, bayan an hayar shi a Ma'aikatar Kudi a cikin sashin haraji. Tsakanin 1998 da 2001, Šimonytė ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a sashen haraji da tallace-tallace na ma'aikatar, kuma daga baya aka kara mata girma zuwa shugaban sashen harajin kai tsaye na ma'adinai, matsayin da ta kasance har zuwa 2004, lokacin da ta zama shugabar ma'aikalin, kuma daga bisani mataimakiyar ministan kudi. Ta yi murabus daga wannan mukamin a shekara ta 2009, don ɗaukar Murakami [[ministan kudi]]. <ref name="seimas bio"/> === Ministan Kudi === [[Fayil:BDF_Summit_2010_(4684888204).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Šimonytė a Taron Ci Gaban Baltic na 2010 a [[Vilnius]] .]] A shekara ta 2009, an zabi Šimonytė don aiki a matsayin ministan kudi a cikin majalisar ministoci ta biyu ta Firayim Minista Andrius Kubilius, inda ya maye gurbin Algirdas Šemeta wanda ya sauka ya zama Kwamishinan Turai na Kasafin Kudi da Gudanarwa. Bayan an zabi ta, Shugaba Valdas Adamkus ne ya nada ta don aiki a ofishin. Bayan ya hau mulki, an ba Šimonytė aikin dawo da tattalin arzikin Lithuania bayan Babban Mawuyacin hali, tare da babban samfurin cikin gida na Lithuania (GDP) ya nutse 14.7% a cikin 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Restoration of Independence |url=http://finmin.lrv.lt/en/about-the-ministry/history/after-restoration-of-independence |website=finmin.lrv.lt |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2019-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501085015/http://finmin.lrv.lt/en/about-the-ministry/history/after-restoration-of-independence |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Åslund |first=Anders |date=29 November 2011 |title=Lithuania's remarkable recovery |url=https://euobserver.com/opinion/114419 |website=EU Observer}}</ref> Yayinda yake cikin matsayi, Šimonytė ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fuskokin tsattsauran ra'ayi da gwamnati ta aiwatar don inganta tattalin arzikin Lithuania.<ref name="politico">{{Cite web |last=Duxbury |first=Charlie |date=26 October 2020 |title=Conservatives win Lithuania election: Preliminary results |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/conservatives-win-lithuania-election-preliminary-results/ |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Šimonytė ta sauka daga matsayinta na ministan kudi bayan Zaben majalisar dokoki na 2012, inda gwamnatin da ke kan mulki ta sha kashi a hannun Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Lithuania da gwamnatin Algirdas Butkevičius mai shigowa. Bayan murabus dinta, an nada Šimonytė a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin Bankin Lithuania, rawar da ta kasance har zuwa 2016, yayin da ta zama malami na tattalin arziki a Cibiyar Harkokin Kasashen Duniya da Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta Jami'ar Vilnius, da kuma kudaden jama'a a Jami'ar ISM. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ingrida Šimonytė appointed to the Board of the Bank of Lithuania |url=https://www.lb.lt/ingrida_simonyte_is_proposed_to_the_board_of_the_bank_of_lithuania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224020134/https://www.lb.lt/ingrida_simonyte_is_proposed_to_the_board_of_the_bank_of_lithuania |archive-date=24 February 2014 |access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> === Ayyukan majalisa === A shekara ta 2015, Šimonytė ta shirya komawa siyasa bayan ta tabbatar da niyyarta ta tsayawa a matsayin dan takara a Zaben majalisar dokoki na 2016, da nufin wakiltar Mazabar Antakalnis a cikin [[Vilnius]]. Tsohon Firayim Minista Andrius Kubilius ne ya rike kujerar, wanda ya zaɓi kada ya sake tsayawa takara a mazabar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=Kubilius, Andrius |url=https://www.s9.com/Biography/kubilius-andrius/ |access-date=3 November 2020 |website=s9.com}}</ref> An dauke shi a matsayin wurin zama mai aminci ga Homeland Union, Šimonytė ya gudu a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa, amma ya sami taimakon zabe daga Homeland Union. A cikin zaben, Šimonytė na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan takara uku kawai a duk faɗin ƙasar da suka lashe zaben su ba tare da samun ci gaba zuwa zagaye na biyu ba, bayan sun lashe 51.54% na masu jefa kuri'a a cikin mazabarta a zagaye na farko. Bayan nasarar da ta samu, ta zauna a cikin Seimas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2016 |title=Ingrida Šimonytė palieka Lietuvos banką |url=http://www.vz.lt/sektoriai/bankai-draudimas/2016/10/25/ingrida-simonyte-paliekalietuvos-banka |website=vz.lt |language=lt}}</ref> Bayan zaben ta zuwa Seimas, Šimonytė ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta Homeland Union, duk da cewa ta kasance 'yar siyasa mai zaman kanta. An nada ta a matsayin shugabar kwamitin binciken, yayin da take aiki a kwamitin harkokin Turai. <ref name="seimas bio"/> ==== Zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 ==== A cikin 2018, Šimonytė ta sanar da kamfen dinta na shugaban Lithuania a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2019. Tsayawa a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa, Šimonytė ya nemi gabatarwa daga jam'iyyar siyasa ta Homeland Union, yana fuskantar Vygaudas Ušackas kawai don gabatarwa. Daga karshe ta lashe zaben, ta samu kashi 79% na kuri'un.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Landsbergis: Šimonytė gavo visuomenės mandatą |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/landsbergis-simonyte-gavo-visuomenes-mandata.d?id=79492769 |website=Delfi |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Konservatorių pirminių rinkimų atomazga: Ušackas sveikina Šimonytę su pergale |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/konservatoriu-pirminiu-rinkimu-atomazga-usackas-sveikina-simonyte-su-pergale.d?id=79481623 |website=Delfi |language=lt}}</ref> Da yake shiga zaben a matsayin dan takarar Homeland Union, Šimonytė na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so su ci nasara, yana ci gaba da yin zabe a cikin kusan-ƙare don farko tare da dan takarar mai zaman kansa [[Gitanas Nausėda]] . An gudanar da zagaye na farko na zaben a ranar 12 ga Mayu 2019, inda Šimonytė ya kasance na farko da kashi 31.53% na kuri'un, gaban Nausėda da kashi 31.16%. Su biyun daga baya sun ci gaba zuwa zaben na biyu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, inda Nausėda ta ci Šimonytė bayan ta sami kashi 33.47% na kuri'un; ta sami ƙarancin kuri'un da aka jefa mata a zagaye na biyu fiye da yadda ta yi a zagaye ya farko, bayan ta sami kusan kuri'u 3,200, idan aka kwatanta da Nausėde wanda ya sami fiye da 400,000 fiye da yadda ya samu a zagaye da farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2019 |title=2019 m. gegužės 26 d. Respublikos Prezidento rinkimai (II turas) |url=https://www.vrk.lt/2019-prezidento/rezultatai?srcUrl=/rinkimai/904/2/1544/rezultatai/lt/rezultataiPreRezultatai.html |publisher=VRK |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2019 |title=2019 m. gegužės 12 d. Respublikos Prezidento rinkimai (I turas) |url=https://www.vrk.lt/2019-prezidento/rezultatai?srcUrl=/rinkimai/904/1/1546/rezultatai/lt/rezultataiPreRezultatai.html |publisher=VRK |language=lt}}</ref> == Firayim Minista na Lithuania (2020-2024) == === Zaben 2020 === Bayan zaben shugaban kasa na 2019, Šimonytė ya fito ne a matsayin shugaban da ba a hukumance ba na Homeland Union kuma daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan siyasa da ke da alaƙa da jam'iyyar, duk da kasancewa mai zaman kansa a hukumance.<ref name="politico"/> Ta tsaya don sake zaben zuwa Seimas a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2020, inda ta sake zama daya daga cikin' yan takara uku kawai a duk fadin kasar da suka lashe zaben su a zagaye na farko, a wannan lokacin ta sami sama da kashi 60% na kuri'un. Bayan tabbatar da sakamakon zaben, ya bayyana cewa Ƙungiyar Ƙasar ta lashe yawancin kujeru, ta mamaye gwamnatin da ke karkashin jagorancin Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union.<ref name="politico" /> Bayan zaben ana sa ran za a kafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, da Freedom Party, tare da dukkan jam'iyyun uku da suka ba da shawarar Šimonytė ya zama Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Landsbergis |first=Gabrielius |date=26 October 2020 |title=Trijų partijų vadovai paskelbė bendrą deklaraciją |url=https://tsajunga.lt/aktualijos/triju-partiju-vadovai-paskelbe-bendra-deklaracija/ |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=TS-LKD |language=lt-LT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mykolaitytė |first=Kornelija |date=3 November 2020 |title=I. Šimonytė: biudžete turėtų būti įvertintos priemonės COVID-19 situacijai |url=https://www.diena.lt/naujienos/verslas/ekonomika/i-simonyte-biudzete-turetu-buti-ivertintos-priemones-covid-19-situacijai-994128 |website=Diena |language=lt}}</ref> Idan aka tabbatar, gwamnati za ta jagoranci mata uku: Šimonytė, shugaban Liberal Movement Viktorija Čmilytė, da shugaban Freedom Party Aušrinė Armonaitė, suna bin sawun majalisar Marin a Finland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turp-Balazs |first=Craig |date=27 October 2020 |title=Pledging to fight Covid-19 and introduce tax cuts, women take charge in Lithuania |url=https://emerging-europe.com/news/pledging-to-fight-covid-19-and-introduce-tax-cuts-women-take-charge-in-lithuania/ |website=Emerging Europe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grigas |first=Agnia |date=30 October 2020 |title=Lithuania's new government: Women-led coalition wins confidence in difficult times |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/lithuanias-new-government-women-led-coalition-wins-confidence-in-difficult-times/ |website=Atlantic Council}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin Homeland Union, Liberal Movement, da Freedom Party, suna shirya hanyar Šimonytė ta zama Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2020 |title=Lithuania's liberal and conservative parties sign coalition agreement |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1272062/lithuania-s-liberal-and-conservative-parties-sign-coalition-agreement |website=LRT}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, ta sanar da tsarin da aka gabatar na majalisar ministocinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2020 |title=Šimonytė Nausėdai ant stalo deda ministrų sąrašą: pateiktos konkrečios pavardės kandidatūros nėra patvirtintos Nausėdos |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/simonyte-nausedai-ant-stalo-deda-ministru-sarasa-pateiktos-konkrecios-pavardes.d?id=85760205 |website=Delfi |language=lt}}</ref> Shugaba [[Gitanas Nausėda]] ne ya nada Šimonytė a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 2020, ta zama mace ta biyu da ta yi aiki a wannan rawar, bayan Kazimira Prunskienė. === Zaben shugaban kasa na 2024 === A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Šimonytė ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta sake tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2024 , amma ta sake rasa ga shugaban kasar Nausėda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-28 |title=Easy win and easier second term – what do Lithuanian presidential election results mean |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2282730/easy-win-and-easier-second-term-what-do-lithuanian-presidential-election-results-mean |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527093842/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2282730/easy-win-and-easier-second-term-what-do-lithuanian-presidential-election-results-mean |archive-date=27 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=lrt.lt |language=en}}</ref> === Manufofin cikin gida === ==== Cutar COVID-19 ==== Gwamnatin Saulius Skvernelis ta gudanar da taron ta na karshe a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba 2020, kafin a sa ran sabon majalisar ministoci zai hau mulki a ranar Jumma'a. Sa'an nan kuma, Firayim Minista Šimonytė ya bukaci gwamnatin da ke barin aiki da ta kara matakan coronavirus. An rantsar da majalisar ministocin Šimonytė kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 11 ga Disamba 2020, lokacin da adadin shari'o'in ya kai 3067. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, an sanya takunkumi. Shirin allurar rigakafin ya fara ne a ranar 27 ga Disamba 2020, kamar yadda yake a sauran [[Tarayyar Turai]]. Na farko da suka karbi allurar rigakafin sun kasance masu kiwon lafiya da ke aiki tare da marasa lafiya na COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2020 |title=Lithuanian healthcare workers start getting the COVID-19 vaccine |url=https://sam.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuanian-healthcare-workers-start-getting-the-covid-19-vaccine |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126065147/https://sam.lrv.lt/en/news/lithuanian-healthcare-workers-start-getting-the-covid-19-vaccine |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=28 February 2021 |website=sam.lrv.lt}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Janairu, gwamnatin Lithuania ta tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 293 da ba a lissafa su ba a cikin kididdiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2021 |title=NVSC vadovas ministrui pateikė atsakymus dėl neapskaitytų mirčių |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/nvsc-vadovas-ministrui-pateike-atsakymus-del-neapskaitytu-mirciu.d?id=86144987 |language=lt-LT}}</ref> Daga ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, an yi wani bangare na ɗagawa na kulle-kulle, gami da yanke shawara don sake buɗe ƙananan shaguna da wuraren ado. Daga baya, sanya abin rufe fuska ba a buƙatar waje ba. A ranar 17 ga watan Maris Ministan Lafiya Arūnas Dulkys ya dakatar da amfani da allurar rigakafin da kamfanin Birtaniya-Swedish AstraZeneca ya samar. A ranar 18 ga watan Maris Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Turai ta ce allurar rigakafin AstraZeneca tana da aminci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2021 |title=How politics influences Lithuanian health system |url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/03/23/how-politics-influences-lithuanian-health-system/ |website=moderndiplomacy.eu |access-date=29 December 2024 |archive-date=11 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711040253/https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/03/23/how-politics-influences-lithuanian-health-system/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Maris 2021, Šimonytė, Kakakin Seimas Viktorija Čmilytė-Nielsen, da Ministan Lafiya Arūnas Dulkys suma sun sami rigakafin iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=Šimonytė pasiskiepijo "AstraZeneca" vakcina: "Man gaila, kad šiai vakcinai pasitikėjimo pritrūko" |url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/1369765/simonyte-pasiskiepijo-astrazeneca-vakcina-man-gaila-kad-siai-vakcinai-pasitikejimo-pritruko |website=lrt.lt}}</ref> ==== Ayyukan dabarun (aikin) ==== Dangane da ayyukan fifiko na shirin Gwamnati, an tattara fayil ɗin ayyukan dabarun Firayim Minista. An buga ayyukan dabarun guda biyar (aiki) masu zuwa a cikin fayil ɗin ayyukan dabarun Firayim Minista (aiki-aiki) a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin wa'adin gwamnati: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=14 May 2021 |title=Sudarytas Ministro Pirmininko strateginių darbų (projektų) portfelis (in Lithuanian) |url=https://ministraspirmininkas.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/sudarytas-ministro-pirmininko-strateginiu-darbu-projektu-portfelis |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Government of Lithuania}}</ref> ==manazarta== [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c8dj7xy4cbaeze3b59h8k8o3eu36g2z 0 91581 891702 573269 2026-08-05T13:42:45Z Baffa ali 47435 891702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Adam Eucharyst Adamczyk''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1950) ɗan ƙasar Poland ne. Ya shiga gasar Olympics ta shekara ta 1972 harzuwa 1976. <ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/adam-adamczyk-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418043546/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ad/adam-adamczyk-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Adam Adamczyk|accessdate=20 December 2017}}</ref> {{stub}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 8k8p4ln3atr89sjlmwkgu1rgysgjlpc 0 96237 891729 598647 2026-08-05T17:46:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Issei Mamehara (豆原 一成, Mamehara Issei, an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2002), mawaƙi ne kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Japan. Ya fara aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar yarinya ta Japan JO1 a cikin 2020, bayan ya fara zama na farko a kakar wasa ta farko ta Produce 101 Japan . Ya fara bugawa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a 2021 kuma ya buga Kamen Rider Chimera a cikin fina-finai na Kamen Rider Revice . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Issei Mamehara a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2002, a Maniwa, Okayama, Japan.[1][2] Ya kasance yaro ne mai aiki wanda ya shiga gasar baseball, yin iyo, da kuma gasar sumo a duk rayuwarsa ta makaranta.[2] Mamehara ya fara rawa a gida lokacin da yake makarantar firamare bayan ya ga darussan rawa na 'yar'uwarsa.[3][4] Wani wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Generations from Exile Tribe ya juya Mamehara ya zama babban magoya bayansu kuma ya motsa shi ya fara halartar makarantar rawa a shekara ta biyu ta ƙaramar makarantar sakandare. [4][5] Ya ƙware a cikin rawa na hip hop na '90s kuma ya fara koyar da yara a makarantar rawa a cikin shekara ta farko ta makarantar sakandare. [3][5][6] Mamehara ta girma tana kallon kafofin watsa labarai na tokusatsu, musamman Kamen Rider franchise, kuma tana da burin yin tauraruwa a ciki.[3] Mamehara ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a watan Maris na shekara ta 2021.<ref name="HM220105">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2022 |title=不器用な青年を好演！豆原一成(JO1)が映画初出演で見せたステージ上とのギャップ |url=https://hominis.media/category/actor/post8410/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206104659/https://hominis.media/category/actor/post8410/ |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Hominis |language=ja}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === 2019: ''Samar da 101 Japan'' === Bayan ya kasa jerin sauraro a cikin 2019, 'yar'uwar Mamehara, mai sha'awar Koriya ta Kudu Produce 101, ya ba da shawarar ya gwada don Produce 101 Japan. Da yake yana da iyakantaccen ilimi game da K-pop, da farko ya ki yin amfani da shi saboda yana so ya zama ƙwararren mai rawa a maimakon haka.<ref name="TPR220309">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2022 |title=ドラマ初主演＆ドキュメンタリー映画公開で勢いに乗る 「JO1」最年少メンバー・豆原一成インタビュー |url=https://tpranking.com/interview-mameharaissei |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112092237/https://tpranking.com/interview-mameharaissei |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=[[Talent Power Ranking]]}}</ref><ref name="RL211017">{{Cite web |last=Murakami |first=Natsuna |date=17 October 2021 |title=JO1 豆原一成の"挑戦"し続ける人生 今、同世代に伝えたいこと |url=https://realsound.jp/2021/10/post-881725.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630143351/https://realsound.jp/2021/10/post-881725.html |archive-date=June 30, 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Real Sound |language=ja}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya yi amfani da rana ɗaya kafin lokacin ƙarshe, bayan ƙarfafawar 'yar'uwarsa.<ref name="RL211017" /> An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon daga Satumba zuwa Disamba, inda ya gama da farko tare da kuri'u 261,583 . <ref name="OR191211">{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=『PRODUCE 101 JAPAN』JO1、デビューメンバー11人が決定 初代センターは最年少17歳の豆原一成 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2150690/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211171200/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2150690/full/ |archive-date=December 11, 2022 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=「PRODUCE 101 JAPAN」デビューメンバー11人決定 1位は最年少・豆原一成＜1位～20位最終順位＞ |url=https://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1910706 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211162756/https://mdpr.jp/music/detail/1910706 |archive-date=December 11, 2019 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website={{ill|Modelpress|ja|モデルプレス}} |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=C Channel Co., Ltd. |date=September 12, 2019 |script-title=ja:『PRODUCE 101 JAPAN』とのコラボステージ決定！9月21日(土)に101人の練習生が「SUPER C CHANNEL 2019」の会場に勢ぞろい！ |trans-title=Collaboration stage with "PRODUCE 101 JAPAN" decided! 101 trainees will be at the "SUPER C CHANNEL 2019" venue on Saturday, September 21st! |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000212.000025680.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125151156/https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000212.000025680.html |archive-date=January 25, 2022 |access-date=October 6, 2023 |website=[[PR Times]] |language=ja}}</ref> === 2020-yanzu: Farko a cikin JO1 da ayyukan solo === Following an "intense" boot camp in South Korea,<ref name="TV230524">{{Cite web |last=E. Morales |first=Iavana |date=24 May 2023 |title=JO1 Open Up About "Tropical Night," Produce 101 Japan, and Their 3-Year Journey Since Debut |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/jo1-open-up-about-tropical-night-produce-101-japan-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524104557/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/jo1-open-up-about-tropical-night-produce-101-japan-interview |archive-date=May 24, 2023 |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=[[Teen Vogue]]}}</ref> seventeen-year-old Mamehara debuted with the resulting boy group JO1 and its first single, <nowiki><i id="mwew">Protostar</i></nowiki>, on March 4, 2020, through Lapone Entertainment. His win awarded him the choreographic center position in the group's debut song, "Infinity".<ref name="TPR220309"/><ref name="OR191211"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2023 |title=【紅白リハ】JO1豆原一成、「僕たちの可能性を伝えられたら」 センター務める「無限大」披露で |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2262617/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831104020/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2262617/full/ |archive-date=August 31, 2023 |access-date=31 August 2023 |website=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2020, an kira Mamehara mai gabatar da nishaɗi na ''Mezamashi TV'' na kowane wata, wanda ya sa ya zama mai gabatar da ɓangaren mafi ƙanƙanta a wannan lokacin.<ref name="OR201028">{{Cite web |date=28 October 2020 |title=JO1豆原一成『めざましテレビ』マンスリーエンタメプレゼンター就任「フルパワーで頑張ります」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2175442/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128102915/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2175442/full/ |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya ɗauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin fim din Yoshimoto Kogyo-produced, Meters Away, Worlds Apart a cikin 2021, <ref name="TPR220309"/> tare da mai karɓar bakuncin Japan 101 kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Takashi Okamura. <ref name="NT201210">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=JO1豆原一成と般若出演、人気俳優×吉本タレント×クリエイターが集結したオムニバス映画公開決定 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/408152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204150655/https://natalie.mu/music/news/408152 |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="HM220105"/> A cikin 2022, an jefa Mamehara a matsayin Kamen Rider Chimera a cikin fim din Kamen Ride Revice: Battle Familia [ja]. <ref name="NTL220613">{{Cite web |date=13 June 2022 |title=JO1豆原一成の夢叶う！「劇場版 仮面ライダーリバイス」でハイジャック犯に立ち向かう |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/481308 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717013923/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/481308 |archive-date=July 17, 2022 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=仮面ライダーキマイラ |url=https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/kamen_rider_members/400 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203153617/https://www.kamen-rider-official.com/zukan/kamen_rider_members/400 |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=仮面ライダー図鑑 |language=ja}}</ref> Ya sake taka rawar da ya taka a Birth of Chimera (2022), fim na musamman na Toei Tokusatsu Fan Club wanda ke zurfafa cikin tarihin halinsa.<ref name="NTL220621">{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=劇場版「リバイス」出演のJO1豆原一成がスピンオフ主演！橋本祥平はキマイラに変身 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/482428 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713001048/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/482428 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya fara karamin allo a cikin NHK's Super Human Fortress Record of Hiroshi War [ja], a matsayin ɗan adam Hiroshi . <ref name="OR221128">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2022 |title=高山一実、NHKドラマ初主演 JO1豆原一成&山之内すず共演の夜ドラ『超人間要塞ヒロシ戦記』来年2月放送 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2258441/full/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128081556/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2258441/full/ |archive-date=November 28, 2022 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2023 |title=JO1・豆原一成、自身が演じる役柄について語る「今まで演じた役の中で一番難しかった」＜超人間要塞ヒロシ戦記＞ |url=https://thetv.jp/news/detail/1123926/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203153524/https://thetv.jp/news/detail/1123926/ |archive-date=February 3, 2024 |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=The Television |language=ja}}</ref> A cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na TBS na Lahadi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Ryunosuke Kamiki mai suna Diamond Sleeping in the Sea [ja].<ref name="NTL240915">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2024 |title=神木隆之介主演「海に眠るダイヤモンド」に新キャスト8名、JO1豆原一成が日曜劇場デビュー |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/590938 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=16 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916083853/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/590938 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2025, an jefa Issei a matsayin jagora na Tsukasa Kiriki don daidaita fim din kai tsaye na manga Bad Boys . <ref name="NTL270107">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2025 |title=JO1豆原一成が特攻服姿に！あの不良マンガ「BADBOYS」実写映画化で初主演決定 |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/606629 |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121083704/https://natalie.mu/music/news/606629 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, an nada shi a matsayin jakada a garinsu na Maniwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=JO1豆原一成、故郷・真庭大使就任 "20歳の集い"で語った夢かなう「心からうれしい」 |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2368344/full/ |access-date=11 February 2025 |website=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai ==   === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+  ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2021 |''Mita da ke nesa, Duniya da ke nesa'' |Hiroki Asada |Sashe: "Yau Rana ce Mai Kyau" | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NT201210"/> |- ! scope="row" |2022 |''{{Interlanguage link|Kamen Rider Revice: Battle Familia|ja|劇場版 仮面ライダーリバイス バトルファミリア}}'' |Nozomu Otani / Kamen Rider Chimera | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NTL220613"/> |- ! scope="row" |2025 |''Mummunan yara maza'' |Tsukasa Kiriki |Matsayin jagora | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NTL270107"/> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+  ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- ! scope="row" |2019 |''Samar da 101 Japan'' |Mai fafatawa |Ya gama 1st | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="OR191211"/> |- ! scope="row" |2020 |''Mezamashi TV'' |Mai karɓar bakuncin watan | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="OR201028"/> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2022 |''Shirin gajeren lokaci'' |Hajime Toshino |Matsayin jagora; jerin tarihin | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="210214NTL">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2022 |title=JO1主演「ショート・プログラム」ビジュアル＆配役が解禁、過去コンテンツも続々配信 |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/465599 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225100805/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/465599 |archive-date=February 25, 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''Kamen Rider Revice Movie Spin-Off Web Drama: Haihuwar Chimera'' |Nozomu Otani |Matsayin jagora; Fim din talabijin | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NTL220621"/> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |2023 |''{{Interlanguage link|Super Human Fortress Record of Hiroshi War|ja|超人間要塞 ヒロシ戦記}}'' |Hiroshi Tanaka | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="OR221128"/> |- |''Azatoi Nau'in A zuwa Z'' |Takuma |Sashe na wasan kwaikwayo na ''{{Interlanguage link|Azatoku Nani ga Waruino?|ja|あざとくて何が悪いの?}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2023 |title=JO1豆原一成が彼女持ちの大学生役に、川口ゆりな演じる幼馴染を優しく見守る |url=https://natalie.mu/music/news/520153 |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja |archive-date=3 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403004331/https://natalie.mu/music/news/520153 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''{{Interlanguage link|An Encouragement of Laughing Life|ja|お笑いインスパイアドラマ ラフな生活のススメ}}'' |Nobuyuki Yamamoto | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=小池栄子主演「ラフな生活のススメ」にJO1豆原一成、松本穂香が仲間入り 脚本はAマッソ加納ら |url=https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526487 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728085822/https://natalie.mu/eiga/news/526487 |archive-date=July 28, 2023 |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |2024 |''Mafi kyawun hutu na Mame da Sho - JO1derful Tour'' |Shi da kansa |Tare da Sho Yonashiro | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="CHC240909">{{Cite web |date=9 September 2024 |title=『JO1』豆原一成＆與那城奨が"最高の休日を満喫" 地上波初の冠番組、テレ東系「豆と奨の最高の休日 JO1 ダフルツアー」14日放送 |url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/article/955613 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=[[Chunichi Shimbun]] |language=ja}}</ref> |- |''{{Interlanguage link|Diamond Sleeping in the Sea|ja|海に眠るダイヤモンド}}'' |Seiya | | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="NTL240915"/> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kp0t7bn65mkt7a7d952y1w628ae5bh9 0 96484 891794 886764 2026-08-05T22:29:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Janet Achieng Otieno''' (an haife ta 24 Disamba 1977) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet, Annita and Weezdom! |url=https://maishamagiceast.dstv.com/show/selina/season/6/janet-annita-and-weezdom/news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624001954/https://maishamagiceast.dstv.com/show/selina/season/6/janet-annita-and-weezdom/news |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Maisha Magic East – Janet, Annita and Weezdom! |language=en}}</ref> mawaƙiya ce kuma marubucin waƙar bishara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Otieno |url=https://www.dorhema.com/en/artist/janet-otieno |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Dorhema |language=en |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132410/https://www.dorhema.com/en/artist/janet-otieno |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ignatious |first=Ingavo Shem |date=12 September 2018 |title=Gospel Singer Janet Otieno Graces the Stage at Vigor Awards in Toronto Canada |url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/gospel-singer-janet-otieno-graces-the-stage-at-vigor-awards-in-toronto-canada/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515165015/https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/gospel-singer-janet-otieno-graces-the-stage-at-vigor-awards-in-toronto-canada/ |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> daga [[Kenya]] . Ita ce wadda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Mwafaka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ignatious |first=Ingavo Shem |date=26 August 2015 |title=GET READY FOR MWAFAKA AWARDS 2015 |url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/get-ready-for-mwafaka-awards-2015/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515165014/https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/get-ready-for-mwafaka-awards-2015/ |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma aka zaba a Groove Awards don "Haɗin kai na shekara" a cikin 2014 don waƙar "Napokea Kwako" wanda ya nuna Christina Shusho daga Tanzaniya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gachango |first=Rayhab |date=30 April 2014 |title=Groove Awards 2014 Nominees |url=https://www.potentash.com/2014/04/30/groove-awards-2014-nominees/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Potentash |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Janet ta sami sha'awar kiɗa a cikin 2010 lokacin da ta fara waƙa a coci. Daga baya ta fitar da waƙarta ta farko, "Napokea Kwako", wanda ya nuna mawaƙin Tanzaniya Christina Shusho, a cikin 2013. Waƙar ta sami karɓuwa sosai da kuma shahara kuma a cikin 2014, an ba ta lambar yabo ta "Collaboration of the Year don waƙar "Napokea Kwako" ta Mwafaka Awards. Daga baya ta saki wasu wakoki irin su Mtafute, Ni Wewe, Nijaze, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Otieno Says 'Nijaze' in New Worship Song – News {{!}} Mdundo.com |url=https://mdundo.com/news/18534 |access-date=June 4, 2021 |website=mdundo.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=New Music: Janet Otieno delivers powerful worship song with 'Nijaze' – The Sauce |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/new-music-janet-otieno-delivers-new-worship-song-with-nijaze/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=www.capitalfm.co.ke |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132411/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/new-music-janet-otieno-delivers-new-worship-song-with-nijaze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nitangoja, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |first=Standard |title=Victims of Madness: Wakadinali album to drop in November |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001391162/victims-of-madness-wakadinali-album-to-drop-in-november |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle |language=en}}</ref> Tulia, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ater |first=Dorine |date=1 December 2018 |title=AFRIMA Nominated Gospel Minister Janet Otieno Unveils Visuals To 'Tulia' |url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/afrima-nominated-gospel-minister-janet-otieno-unveils-visuals-to-tulia/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amka Ucheze, More of you, Heshima and Uniongoze. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Otieno Music – Free MP3 Download or Listen {{!}} Mdundo.com |url=https://mdundo.com/a/15586 |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=mdundo.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2014 an zabe ta a matsayin gwarzuwar mawakiyar mata, hadin gwiwa na shekara da kuma Song of the year ta Groove Awards kuma a cikin 2018 an zabe ta a matsayin Mafi kyawun Mawaƙin Mata a Afirka Inspirational Music a Afrima Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |last=M |first=Esther |date=20 April 2021 |title=Simply Gorgeous! Gospel Singer Janet Otieno Proving to be a Top Fashionista, Too (photos) |url=https://litkenya.com/simply-gorgeous-gospel-singer-janet-otieno-proving-to-be-a-top-fashionista-too-photos/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=LitKenya |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132418/https://litkenya.com/simply-gorgeous-gospel-singer-janet-otieno-proving-to-be-a-top-fashionista-too-photos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hotuna == === Ɗaiɗaiku === * Napokea Kwako Featuring Christina Shusho (2013) * Uniongoze (2013) * Heshima <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2014 |title=After Being Awarded With A Prestigious Award Janet Otieno Releases A Beautiful Video Dedicated To All Kenyan Mothers {{!}} UlizaLinks.co.ke |url=https://www.ulizalinks.co.ke/awarded-prestigious-award-janet-otieno-releases-beautiful-video-dedicated-kenyan-mothers/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132411/https://www.ulizalinks.co.ke/awarded-prestigious-award-janet-otieno-releases-beautiful-video-dedicated-kenyan-mothers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2014) * Ni wewe (2014) * Mtafute (2014) * Tembea Nami (2015) * Nisamehe (2015) * Roho Wako (2015) * Nifunze (2016) * Ƙarin Ku (2016) * Roho Mtakatifu (2016) * Bisha (2017) * Shuka (2017) * Narudi (2018) * Asante <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ignatious |first=Ingavo Shem |date=17 June 2018 |title=Asante – Janet Otieno [LYRICS] |url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/asante-janet-otieno-lyrics/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132410/https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/asante-janet-otieno-lyrics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2018) * Pokea <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ignatious |first=Ingavo Shem |date=21 April 2019 |title=Singer Janet Otieno Unveils Visuals To New Thanks Giving Single 'Pokea' |url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/singer-janet-otieno-unveils-visuals-to-new-thanks-giving-single-pokea/ |access-date=4 June 2021 |website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132410/https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/singer-janet-otieno-unveils-visuals-to-new-thanks-giving-single-pokea/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (2019) * Nijaze <ref name=":1"/> (2020) * [https://www.allmusic.com/album/nitangoja-mw0003447393 Nitangoja] <ref name=":2"/> (2020) * Soyayya Mara Sharadi (2021) == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Bikin Kyautar !Kyautar !Sakamakon |- |2014 |Kyautar Mwafaka |Collabo na Shekara|{{Nasara}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Papa Dennis, Janet Otieno rule at Mwafaka Awards|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2015-09-02-papa-dennis-janet-otieno-rule-at-mwafaka-awards/|access-date=6 July 2021|website=The Star|language=en-KE|first=Elly|last=Gitau|date=2 September 2015}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2014 | rowspan="3" |Kyautar Groove |Mata Mai Fitarwa na Shekara|{{Nom}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Ignatious|first=Ingavo Shem|date=29 April 2016|title=Bahati and Willy Paul Out! Full List of Groove Awards 2016 Nominees.|url=https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/bahati-willy-paul-full-list-groove-awards-2016-nominees/|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Kenyan Musik Entertainment|language=en-US|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604135422/https://kenyanmusik.co.ke/blog/bahati-willy-paul-full-list-groove-awards-2016-nominees/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Muendo|first=Steven Kisuli|title=Gospel Singer Janet Otieno picked for Atlanta music awards|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/monday-blues/2000165744/gospel-singer-janet-otieno-picked-for-atlanta-music-awards|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle|language=en}}</ref> |- |Collabo na Shekara|{{Nom}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |Bidiyo na Shekara|{{Nom}}<ref name=":3" /> |- |2018 |Kyautar Afrima |Mafi kyawun Mata a cikin Waƙoƙin Waƙoƙi na Afirka|{{Nom}} |} == Rayuwa ta sirri == Janet Otieno ita ce ta biyu da aka haifa a cikin iyali mai yara shida. Ta auri Alfred Otieno wanda ta hadu da shi yayin da take rera waka a cocin bisharar fansa; ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekarar 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nyanga|first=Caroline|title=10 things you did not know about gospel singer Janet Otieno|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/celebs-101/2000196707/10-things-you-did-not-know-about-gospel-singer-janet-otieno|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gospel artiste Janet Otieno: It's time to forget the little mishaps and dramas in gospel music|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/gospel-artiste-janet-otieno-it-s-time-to-forget-the-little-mishaps-and-dramas-in-gospel-music-3400896|first=Thomas|last=Matiko|date=15 May 2021|access-date=6 July 2021|website=Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Otukho|first=Jackson|date=30 September 2019|title=13 photos of gospel singer Janet Otieno showing her incredible fashion sense|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/316732-13-inspiring-photos-gospel-singer-janet-otieno-showing-incredible-fashion-sense.html|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Tuko.co.ke – Kenya news.|language=en|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604132411/https://www.tuko.co.ke/316732-13-inspiring-photos-gospel-singer-janet-otieno-showing-incredible-fashion-sense.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mwarua|first=Douglas|date=3 April 2017|title=Celebrated gospel singer Janet Otieno introduces her hubby to fans for the first time (Photos)|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/235708-celebrated-gospel-singer-janet-otieno-introduces-hubby-fans-time-photos.html|access-date=4 June 2021|website=Tuko.co.ke – Kenya news.|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1bnaj35f6kj64q9n4apd6kz10jqvbf3 0 96598 891819 881449 2026-08-06T00:47:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1965) Masanin ilimin halayyar jama'a ce ta Amurka wacce a halin yanzu farfesa ce a Sashen ilimin halayya a [[Jami'ar Stanford]] .Eberhardt yana da alhakin manyan gudummawa kan binciken sakamakon haɗin halayyar mutum tsakanin launin fata da aikata laifuka ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar nazarin filin da nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje.<ref> name=":7">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2017 |title=Jennifer Eberhardt on Social Psychological Approaches to Race and Crime |url=https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/jennifer-eberhardt-social-psychological-approaches-race-and-crime |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=law.yale.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga bincike kan nuna bambanci mara kyau, gami da nuna yadda hotunan launin fata da hukunci ke shafar al'adu da al'umma a cikin yankin adalci na zamantakewa.<ref> name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer L. Eberhardt - Stanford University |url=https://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/about-jennifer-eberhardt.html |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=web.stanford.edu}}</ref> Sakamakon aikinta ya ba da gudummawa ga horar da jami'an tilasta bin doka da hukumomin jihohi don inganta hukunce-hukuncen su ta hanyar Horar da nuna bambanci.<ref>name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Oakland Engages Stanford University for Groundbreaking, Independent… |url=https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2016/oakland-engages-stanford-university-for-groundbreaking-independent-stop-data-report |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=City of Oakland |language=en |archive-date=2019-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031024414/https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2016/oakland-engages-stanford-university-for-groundbreaking-independent-stop-data-report |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma ba da jagororin bincike na gaba a wannan yanki kuma ta jawo hankali ga mummunar zalunci a cikin al'ummomi saboda nuna bambanci. Eberhardt ta rubuta Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, ya kasance mai karɓar 2014 MacArthur "Genius Grant" Fellowship, an kira shi ɗaya daga cikin 100 Foreign Policy's Leading Global Thinkers, kuma an zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka.<ref> name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Chugh |first=Dolly |title=Book Recommendation: "Biased" By MacArthur Genius Grant Winner Jennifer Eberhardt |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dollychugh/2019/03/25/book-recommendation-biased-by-macarthur-genius-grant-winner-jennifer-eberhardt/ |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Eberhardt |url=http://nas-online.org/member-directory/members/20038298.html |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=nas-online.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer L. Eberhardt |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/jennifer-l-eberhardt |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref><ref>name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Class of 2014 - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/class-2014/ |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=www.macfound.org }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 2023, an zabe ta a cikin American Philosophical Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The American Philosophical Society Welcomes New Members for 2023 |url=https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2023}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eberhardt a [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]], kuma ita ce ƙarama cikin yara biyar. Ta girma ne a Lee-Harvard, wani yanki mai yawan 'yan Afirka na Amurka. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara goma sha biyu, iyalinta sun koma Beachwood, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], inda ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Beachwood . <ref> name=":9">{{Cite journal |date=2007-01-01 |title=Champions of Psychology: Jennifer Eberhardt |url=https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/champions-of-psychology-jennifer-eberhardt |journal=APS Observer |language=en-US |volume=20 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2014 |title=Cleveland native Jennifer Eberhardt awarded "genius grant" |url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2014/09/cleveland_native_jennifer_eber.html}}</ref> Eberhardt ta yaba da sha'awarta ga launin fata da rashin daidaito a kan ƙaurawar iyalinta daga yankin Lee-Harvard zuwa fararen unguwar Beachwood. Gundumar biyu sun bambanta dangane da albarkatu da dama duk da kusanci da suke da shi.<ref> name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Chugh |first=Dolly |title=Book Recommendation: "Biased" By MacArthur Genius Grant Winner Jennifer Eberhardt |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dollychugh/2019/03/25/book-recommendation-biased-by-macarthur-genius-grant-winner-jennifer-eberhardt/ |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Ta lura cewa ita da abokan karatunta wadanda ba 'yan Afirka ba sun fuskanci rayuwa daban, kamar yadda aka ja mahaifinta da' yan uwanta sau da yawa fiye da sauran mazauna.<ref> name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Brian |date=2014-09-20 |title=Cleveland native Jennifer Eberhardt awarded "genius grant" |url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2014/09/cleveland_native_jennifer_eber.html |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya kara da sha'awarta ga rashin daidaito na launin fata kuma ya canza hanyar da take amfani da ita don fahimtar duniya.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |date=2007-01-01 |title=Champions of Psychology: Jennifer Eberhardt |url=https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/champions-of-psychology-jennifer-eberhardt |journal=APS Observer |language=en-US |volume=20 |issue=1}}</ref> == Ilimi == BA kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Beachwood, ta sami BA daga Jami'ar Cincinnati a 1987. Daga nan ta halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] inda ta sami MA a 1990 da PhD a 1993. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer L. Eberhardt - Stanford University |url=https://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/about-jennifer-eberhardt.html |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=web.stanford.edu}}</ref> Ta auri Ralph Richard Banks, farfesa a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar Stanford. Eberhardt da Banks sun kasance abokan makarantar firamare waɗanda suka sake haɗuwa a Harvard. A halin yanzu suna zaune a yankin San Francisco Bay tare da 'ya'yansu maza uku.<ref> name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Linge |first=Mary Kay |date=2019-03-23 |title=Racial bias is shockingly rife — and surprisingly fixable |url=https://nypost.com/2019/03/23/racial-bias-is-shockingly-rife-and-surprisingly-fixable/ |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=New York Post |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Albrecht |first=Brian |date=2014-09-20 |title=Cleveland native Jennifer Eberhardt awarded "genius grant" |url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2014/09/cleveland_native_jennifer_eber.html |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Daga watan Yulin 1993 zuwa Yulin 1994, Eberhardt ya kasance mai bincike na postdoctoral a cikin Social and Personality Psychology Division a Jami'ar [[Massachusetts]] . A nan, ta gudanar da bincike kan stereotyping da kuma dangantakar tsakanin kungiyoyi. Ta kasance mai bincike na postdoctoral a Sashen Psychology a Jami'ar Stanford, daga Satumba 1994 zuwa Yuni 1995, inda ta bincika tasirin barazanar stereotype akan aikin ilimi. Daga Yuli 1995 zuwa Yuni 1998, Eberhardt ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Yale a Sashen Ilimin Halitta da Sashen Nazarin Afirka da Nazarin Afirka. A watan Satumbar 1998, ta karbi matsayin koyarwa a Jami'ar Stanford a Sashen Ilimin Halitta a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, an nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa, kuma a wani lokaci ta zama cikakken farfesa.<ref> name=":9">{{Cite journal |date=2007-01-01 |title=Champions of Psychology: Jennifer Eberhardt |url=https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/champions-of-psychology-jennifer-eberhardt |journal=APS Observer |language=en-US |volume=20 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name=":6"/> Eberhardt kuma shi ne co-direkta da kuma co-kafa na Stanford's SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions). Wannan cibiyar a Stanford ta haɗu da shugabannin masana'antu da yawa, masu bincike da sanannun fuskoki a cikin al'umma don yin wahayi zuwa ga canje-canjen al'adu ta amfani da fahimta daga kimiyyar halayyar. Ta hanyar SPARQ, Eberhardt ya nuna sakamakon haɗin launin fata a cikin shari'ar aikata laifuka, [[Rashin daidaito a ilimi|ilimi]] da kasuwanci.<ref name=":6" /> == Bincike == === Rashin son kai === Eberhardt da abokan aikinta sun haɓaka bincike wanda ya gabatar da wasu hanyoyin da za a yi la'akari da launin fata da kabilanci.<ref name="Markus">{{Cite journal |last=Markus |first=Hazel Rose |date=2008 |title=Pride, prejudice, and ambivalence: toward a unified theory of race and ethnicity |journal=American Psychologist |volume=63 |issue=8 |pages=651–670 |doi=10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.651 |pmid=19014214}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, ta wallafa wani binciken da ya nemi bincika yadda bambance-bambance a cikin imani game da tushen bambance-bucen launin fata na iya tasiri ga hulɗar zamantakewa. Binciken binciken ya nuna cewa wadanda suka yi imani da bambancin launin fata sun taso ne saboda bambance-bambance na halitta sun bambanta da wadanda suka kalli launin fata a matsayin Tsarin zamantakewa.<ref name="Markus" /> Wadanda ke kallon bambance-bambance na launin fata kamar yadda tasirin kwayoyin halitta ke da, bisa ga wannan binciken, ba za su iya nuna sha'awar dangantakar launin fata ba.<ref name="Sanchez">{{Cite journal |last=Sanchez |first=Diana T |last2=Garcia |first2=Julie A |date=2009 |title=When Race Matters: Racially Stigmatized Others and Perceiving Race as a Biological Construction Affect Biracial People's Daily Well-Being |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |volume=35 |issue=9 |pages=1154–1164 |doi=10.1177/0146167209337628 |pmid=19644133 |s2cid=17258546}}</ref> Wadannan mutane kuma suna cikin haɗari mafi girma na inganta ra'ayoyin kabilanci, ba su da damar ware rashin daidaito kuma sun kare waɗannan rashin daidaito a matsayin samfurin bambancin launin fata.<ref name="Markus" /> Lokacin da mutane suka fahimci bambancin launin fata kamar yadda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar halitta, suna haifar da tsananin shingen tsakanin kansu da kungiyoyin launin fata.<ref name="Sanchez" /> Wannan yana tasiri ga jin daɗin membobin kungiyoyin launin fata marasa galihu a tarihi. Binciken Golby da Eberhardt sun mayar da hankali kan dalilin da ya sa mutane suka fi gane mutane a cikin tseren su fiye da wadanda ke cikin wata tseren.<ref> name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Canli |first=Turhan |last2=Amin |first2=Zenab |year=2002 |title=Neuroimaging of emotion and personality: Scientific evidence and ethical considerations |journal=Brain and Cognition |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=414–431 |doi=10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00517-1 |pmid=12480487 |s2cid=15190541}}</ref> Batutuwan Afirka da Turai-Amurka sun kalli hotuna na fuskokin Afirka-Amurka da ba a sani ba yayin da suke samun scans na fMRI.<ref> name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Hugh R |last2=Loffler |first2=Gunter |last3=Wilkinson |first3=Frances |year=2002 |title=Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space |journal=Vision Research |volume=42 |issue=27 |pages=2909–2923 |doi=10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00362-0 |pmid=12450502 |s2cid=14247251 |doi-access=}}</ref> Akwai sau 1.5 da yawa a cikin ɓangaren dama na kwakwalwa, musamman wuraren fuska (FFAs), lokacin kallon fuska iri ɗaya.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Wani binciken shi ne cewa ganewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ya fi girma don gane fuskokin jinsi ɗaya a cikin Turawa-Amurka waɗanda suka nuna mafi girman kunnawa a cikin hagu fusiform cortex da dama hippocampal da parahippocampal yankuna.<ref name=":0" /> Wannan ya nuna cewa fuskokin kansa da sauran tseren suna motsa kunna bambancin a cikin FFAs, duk da haka ba ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa kunna fuskokin tseren iri ɗaya ke faruwa a gefen dama na kwakwalwa kuma ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ke faruwa a gefe na hagu na kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya zama yanki don bincike na gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Guifei |last2=Liu |first2=Jiangang |last3=Xiao |first3=Naiqi G |last4=Wu |first4=Si Jia |last5=Hong |first5=Li |last6=Kang |first6=Lee |year=2018 |title=The fusiform face area plays a greater role in holistic processing for own-race faces than other-race faces |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |volume=12 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2018.00220 |pmc=5992462 |pmid=29910716 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Adalci na aikata laifuka === Binciken Eberhardt ta nuna yadda tasirin atomatik na ra'ayoyin launin fata ke tasiri ga aikin gani na mutum.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Jessi L |last2=Johnson |first2=Camille S |year=2006 |title=A stereotype boost or choking under pressure? positive gender stereotypes and men who are low in domain identification |journal=Basic and Applied Social Psychology |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=51–63 |doi=10.1207/s15324834basp2801_5 |s2cid=145684776}}</ref> An gudanar da jerin nazarin da ke mai da hankali kan ƙaddamarwa, musamman ƙaddamar da mutane tare da hotuna masu alaƙa da aikata laifuka. Manufar ita ce ganin ko mutane za su mai da hankali kan White ko Black fuska lokacin da aka nuna musu laifi. Binciken ya nuna cewa mutane da jami'ai musamman sun fi mayar da hankali kan fuskokin baki. Binciken na gaba ya mayar da hankali ne kawai ga jami'an da aka raba zuwa kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda aka shirya don aikata laifuka da wadanda ba su da. An gabatar da su da hoto na Black ko White wanda ake zargi kuma an nemi su kammala aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya inda dole ne su gano wanda ake zarge a cikin layi tare da wasu wadanda ake zargi na wannan tseren. Wasu layin suna da wadanda ake zargi da siffofi masu mahimmanci na kowane tseren, yayin da wasu ke da siffofin fuska marasa kyau. Jami'an da ke da manyan laifuka waɗanda suka kalli wanda ake zargi da baƙar fata sun yi kuskuren tunawa da wanda ake zarge da shi tare da wani wanda ke da siffofin baƙar fata; amma jami'an da suka ga wanda ake zarg da farar fata ba su da damar gano wanda ake zarga da farar fari kuma suna iya haɗa shi da fuskar baƙar fata.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken Eberhardt ya nuna yadda ƙungiyoyin launin fata zasu iya tasiri ga fahimtar jama'a game da baƙar fata da aikata laifuka da kuma yadda wannan zai iya rinjayar yadda fararen fata za su yi kuskure ko kuma su yi watsi da shaidar da ba daidai ba ne ga wanda ake tuhuma.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Collerton |first=Daniel |last2=Perry |first2=Elaine |last3=McKeith |first3=Ian |year=2005 |title=Why people see things that are not there: A novel Perception and Attention Deficit model for recurrent complex visual hallucinations |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=737–757 |doi=10.1017/S0140525X05000130 |pmid=16372931 |s2cid=31813489}}</ref> Wannan kuma yana gabatar da jagororin nan gaba don bincike kamar samun damar fahimta na bayanan da aka tsara.<ref name=":3" /> A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2006, Eberhardt da abokan aikinta sun bincika bayanan bayanai a [[Philadelphia]] wanda ya bincika ko yiwuwar yanke masa hukuncin kisa yana da alaƙa da wanda ake tuhuma yana kallon baki (bakin baki, fata mai duhu, hanci mai faɗi) lokacin da wanda aka azabtar ya kasance baki ko fari. Wadanda aka saba da su baƙar fata an yanke musu hukuncin kisa kashi 57.5 cikin dari na lokacin idan aka kwatanta da kashi 24.4 cikin dari na 'yan Afirka na Afirka, musamman idan wadanda abin ya shafa White ne. Wannan binciken yana ba da shaida cewa halaye na jiki kadai na iya rinjayar yanke shawara na yanke hukunci har zuwa wani lokaci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vaughns-Purdie |first=V. |last2=Eibach |first2=P. R. |date=2008 |title=Intersectional Invisibility: The Distinctive Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Subordinate-Group Identities |url=http://www.amirjaima.com/uploads/2/4/3/4/24347076/purdie-vaughns_and_eibach_2008_intersectional_invisibility.pdf |journal=Sex Roles |volume=59 |issue=5–6 |pages=377–391 |doi=10.1007/s11199-008-9424-4 |s2cid=35469591}}</ref> A cikin binciken da ya shafi na 2008, Eberhardt da abokan aikinta sun gudanar da bincike kan labaran jaridu da aka buga game da masu laifi na Caucasian da na Afirka a cikin layin hukuncin kisa.<ref name="Leyens">{{Cite journal |last=Leyens |first=Jacques-Philippe |last2=Demoulin |first2=Stephanie |last3=Vaes |first3=Jeroen |last4=Guant |first4=Ruth |last5=Paladino |first5=Maria Paola |date=2007 |title=Infra-humanization: The Wall of Group Differences |journal=Social Issues and Policy Review |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=139–172 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-2409.2007.00006.x}}</ref> Wannan binciken ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayin cewa ana yawan zargi mazajen Afirka da ba daidai ba, ana yin hukunci mara kyau kuma ana tunawa da su a matsayin masu kai hari.<ref name="Trawalter">{{Cite journal |last=Trawalter |first=Sophie |last2=Todd |first2=Andrew R |last3=Baird |first3=Abigail A |last4=Richeson |first4=Jennifer A |date=2008 |title=Attending to threat: Race-based patterns of selective attention |journal=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=1322–1327 |doi=10.1016/j.jesp.2008.03.006 |pmc=2633407 |pmid=19727428}}</ref> A lokacin nazarin labaran jarida, babban abin da masu binciken suka mayar da hankali shi ne gano "hotunan ape" (wannan ya haɗa da nuna mutum a matsayin dabba, mai gashi, daji). <ref name="Leyens" /> Sun gano cewa wannan hoton ya fi yawa ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka fiye da Caucasians.<ref name="Leyens" /> Game da 'yan Afirka na Afirka, hoton birai ya kuma yi hasashen wanda za a yanke masa hukuncin kisa.<ref name="Leyens" /> Binciken da Eberhardt ya yi ya nuna ba kawai mummunar yadda ake wulakanta fursunonin Afirka ba, har ma da rashin haƙƙin jama'a ga membobin wasu ƙananan kungiyoyi waɗanda galibi ana kuskuren su a matsayin masu kai farmaki.<ref name="Conrad">{{Cite journal |last=Conrad |first=Courtenay R |last2=Croco |first2=Sarah E |last3=Gomez |first3=Brad T |last4=Moore |first4=Whill H |date=2018 |title=Threat perception and American support for torture |journal=Political Behavior |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=989–1009 |doi=10.1007/s11109-017-9433-5 |s2cid=149107960}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, Eberhardt da abokan aiki sun yi nazarin yadda bambancin launin fata zai iya shafar fahimtar mai shari'a game da bambancin shari'a tsakanin mai aikata laifuka na Matasa da manya. Wadanda suka halarci taron sun karanta binciken da ba na kisan kai ba wanda ke nuna ko dai Black ko White matashi mai laifi. Sun gano cewa fararen Amurkawa sun fi dacewa da tallafawa hukunci mai tsanani lokacin da suka karanta binciken shari'a da ke nuna wani dan Black mai laifi fiye da lokacin da aka canza tseren mai laifi zuwa White. Wannan ya faru ne saboda halayyar fararen fata mai laifi ya fi dacewa da rashin hankali na matasa yayin da masu laifi na baki sun fi dacewa da kasancewa da balaga da niyyar aikata laifi na manya. A cikin wani binciken a cikin 2014, Eberhardt da Hetey (abokin aiki na Jami'ar Stanford) sun bincika yadda kawai fallasa bambancin launin fata zai iya tasiri ga goyon bayan mutum ga manufofin shari'a masu tsanani. An raba masu halartar fararen fata zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu, a cikin rukuni na farko sun kalli bidiyon bidiyo wanda kashi 25 cikin 100 na hotunan sun kasance na Black fursunoni kuma a cikin rukini na biyu, kashi 45 cikin 100 na hotuna sun kasance na baƙar fata fursunoni. Daga nan aka sanar da su game da tsauraran dokokin aikata laifuka da ke bin jihar California, sannan aka bi da takardar neman izini don sanya hannu don gyara dokokin kuma ya sa su zama marasa tsanani. Daga rukuni na farko, fiye da kashi 50 cikin 100 na mahalarta sun sanya hannu kan takardar neman izinin, yayin da kashi 28 cikin 100 na rukuni na biyu suka amince da sanya hannu.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Hughey |first=W. M. |date=2015 |title=The Five I's of Five-O: Racial Ideologies, Institutions, Interests, Identities, and Interactions of Police Violence |url=http://www.thecyberhood.net/documents/papers/cs2015.pdf |journal=Critical Sociology |pages=1–15 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2015, Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta Oakland ta himmatu ga shiga cikin Shirin Bayanan' yan sanda na Shugaba [[Barack Obama]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-18 |title=Launching the Police Data Initiative |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/05/18/launching-police-data-initiative |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=whitehouse.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ta hanyar SPARQ, Eberhardt ya yi aiki tare da Sashen 'yan sanda na Oakland don nazarin bayanan dakatar da' yan sanda don bambancin launin fata. Sun yi amfani da ilimin lissafi don tantance hulɗar tsakanin jami'ai da membobin al'ummar Oakland. Kodayake ba su sami wani nuna bambanci ba, sun gano cewa lokacin da suke magana da fararen direbobi, jami'ai suna tabbatarwa, suna amfani da kalmomi masu kyau, kuma suna nuna damuwa game da aminci. Sabanin haka, lokacin da jami'ai ke magana da direbobin baki, galibi suna amfani da maganganu marasa kyau, masu shiru, <ref>{{Cite book|editor-first2=Sue}}</ref> suna amfani da harshe na al'ada, kuma suna amfani da kalmomi marasa bayani. Masu binciken sun ba da shawarwari hamsin don canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Oakland, da yawa daga cikinsu an aiwatar da su tun lokacin da aka saki rahoton a shekarar 2017. Shawarwarin sun haifar da samfurin da ya kunshi nau'o'i huɗu: nazarin bayanai, manufofi da ayyuka, horo, da kuma shiga cikin al'umma. Ya zuwa 2017, Eberhardt da tawagarta tun daga lokacin sun ba da horo ga kashi casa'in cikin dari na jami'an sashen 'yan sanda na Oakland.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Oakland Engages Stanford University for Groundbreaking, Independent… |url=https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/2016/oakland-engages-stanford-university-for-groundbreaking-independent-stop-data-report |access-date=2019-10-31 |website=City of Oakland |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Rashin amincewa a cikin tsarin ilimi === Okonofua da Eberhardt (2015) sun bincika martani na malamai game da mummunar hali na ɗalibai, da kuma ko akwai bambancin launin fata a yadda aka ba da waɗannan martani. Binciken ya gano cewa amsoshin malamai sun ba da gudummawa ga bambancin launin fata a cikin horo a cikin ma'anar cewa ɗaliban baƙar fata sun fi dacewa da lakafta su a matsayin "masu kawo matsala" fiye da ɗaliban fari.[1] An kuma gano cewa lokacin da daliban launi da daliban fari suka aikata irin wannan halayyar, ana kallon halayen a matsayin mafi tsanani ga daliban launi.[2] Halin da baƙar fata ke yi na ɗalibai yana iya kallon shi a matsayin tsari fiye da ɗaliban fari. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa martani da malamai suka bayar na iya haifar da bambancin launin fata a cikin halayen ɗalibai. A cikin 2016, Okonofua, Walton, da Eberhardt sun gudanar da bincike kan wallafe-wallafen bincike na baya wanda ke nazarin yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da halayyar mutum ke taka rawa a cikin tsarin bambancin launin fata a cikin dangantakar malami da ɗalibai. Binciken da aka samu a cikin binciken ya nuna cewa ra'ayoyin da ba su dace ba na iya haifar da alaƙar rashin amincewa tsakanin ɗalibai da malamai da aka nuna musu launin fata. Misali, a lokuta inda ake ba wa ɗaliban baƙar fata lakabin 'masu kawo matsala', ɗalibai na iya jin An nuna musu kunya kuma ba su da amincewa da malamai, don haka suna iya yin mummunar hali a nan gaba.<ref name="Examining Racial Bias in Education">{{Cite journal |last=Natasha Warikoo |last2=Stacey Sinclair |last3=Jessica Fei |last4=Drew Jacoby-Senghor |year=2016 |title=Examining Racial Bias in Education: A New Approach |journal=Educational Researcher |volume=45 |pages=508–514 |doi=10.3102/0013189X16683408 |s2cid=56096350}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, irin wannan hulɗar malamai tare da ɗalibai ta hanyar lakabi akai-akai na iya haifar da sake zagayowar da ba ta ƙare ba na ƙara hukunci da halayyar.<ref name="Examining Racial Bias in Education" /> Saboda irin wannan batun, an samar da rata ta horo, wanda ke haifar da ɗaliban baƙar fata da ke da ƙarancin damar koyo. Binciken meta-analysis ya kuma lura da hanyar da aka aiwatar a cikin makarantu sama da 7000 a Amurka da ake kira Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports approach (PBIS), marubutan sun yi jayayya kodayake hanyar tana da niyyar inganta halayyar ɗalibai, an yi watsi da batun kyakkyawar dangantakar malami da ɗalibai. Sabili da haka, ya kamata tsoma baki na gaba su yi niyyar warware shingen tunani don karfafa kyakkyawar dangantakar malami da ɗalibai maimakon sanya mafi yawan jaddadawa kan koyar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, ko ka'idojin umarni.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okonofua, Jason A. |last2=Walton, Gregory M. |last3=Eberhardt, Jennifer L. |year=2016 |title=A Vicious Cycle: A Social–Psychological Account of Extreme Racial Disparities in School Discipline |url=https://web.stanford.edu/~eberhard/downloads/2016-AViciousCycle.pdf |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science |publisher=Perspectives on Psychological Science |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=381–98 |doi=10.1177/1745691616635592 |pmid=27217251 |s2cid=22651503}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable" |+Kyaututtuka da Eberhardt ya samu !Shekara !Kyautar !Bayani !{{Abbr|Refs|References}} |- |1995 |Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kasa Spencer Postdoctoral Fellowship |An ba da kyautar don gudummawa da ƙoƙari na bincike kan nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci waɗanda ɗaliban baƙar fata suka fuskanta a cikin saitunan ilimi. |<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer L. Eberhardt |url=http://inequality.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Jen%20Eberhardt%20CV%202016.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Satumba 1995 - Yuni 1996 |Irvine Postdoctoral Koyarwa Fellowship | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |1997 |Junior Faculty Fellowship a Jami'ar Yale | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2002 |Kyautar Alumnae mai daraja a Jami'ar Cincinnati | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2003–2004 |Kyautar Ci gaban Kwararru ta Junior a Cibiyar Bincike ta Nazarin Kwatanta a cikin Kabilanci da Kabilanci (RICSRE) na Jami'ar Stanford | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2005–2006 |Mai zama - Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a cikin Kimiyya ta Halin a Stanford, CA | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2006–2007 |Gordon da Pattie Faculty Fellow a Jami'ar Stanford a Makarantar Humanities da Kimiyya | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2006{{En dash}}; 2010–2011 |Kyautar Dean don nasarorin da aka samu a koyarwa a Jami'ar Stanford | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2010–2011 |Cibiyar Clayman don Binciken Jima'i a Kwalejin Bincike a Jami'ar Stanford | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2012–2013 |Cibiyar Bincike a cikin Kimiyya ta Jama'a (IRiSS) Faculty Fellow a Jami'ar Stanford | |<ref name=":4" /> |- |2014 |MacArthur Fellowship daga Gidauniyar John D. da Catherine T. MacArthur | |<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Class of 2014 - MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/class-2014/ |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=www.macfound.org |archive-date=2019-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101150941/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/class-2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2017 |Kyautar Cozzarelli daga Ayyukan Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Amurka |An ba da kyautar ga ƙungiyar bincikenta ta 2017 don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga fagen su. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cozzarelli Prize: 2019 Call for Nominations {{!}} PNAS |url=https://www.pnas.org/page/about/cozzarelli-prize |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=www.pnas.org}}</ref> |- |2018 |Kyautar Robert B. Cialdini daga Society for Personality and Social Psychology |An ba da kyautar ga ƙungiyar bincikenta ta 2017 don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga filin ta hanyar nuna muhimmancin zamantakewa ta amfani da hanyoyin filin. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cialdini Prize {{!}} SPSP |url=http://www.spsp.org/awards/annualawards/outstanding-contributions/cialdini-prize |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=www.spsp.org}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dafjrz4q0g9bpzfiib7an162mbt2uln 0 96979 891815 601489 2026-08-06T00:08:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jayati Ghosh''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1955) masanin tattalin arziki ne na ci gaban Indiya. Ta koyar da tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru, New Delhi kusan kusan shekaru 35, kuma tun daga watan Janairun 2021 ta kasance Farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst, Amurka. Babban fannoni na karatunta sun hada da Tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa da kuma hada-hadar duniya, tsarin aiki a Kasashe masu tasowa, manufofin tattalin arziki, da jinsi da ci gaba. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jayati Ghosh a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1955.<ref name="cv">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/jayati/CV.pdf |access-date=14 October 2019 |publisher=[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]}}</ref> Ghosh ta halarci Miranda House, Jami'ar Delhi don karatun digiri kuma ta sami MA a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Jawaharlal Nehru . Ta shiga Jami'ar Cambridge don MPhil da PhD bayan ta lashe Inlaks Scholarship . <ref name="jnu">{{Cite web |title=Jayati Ghosh |url=https://www.jnu.ac.in/content/jayati |access-date=14 October 2019 |publisher=[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]}}</ref> Rubutun digirin digirinsa na 1984 a Jami'ar Cambridge ya kasance mai taken The Non capitalist Land Rent: Theories and the Case of North India a karkashin kulawar Dokta Terence J. Byres, Geoffrey C. Harcourt da Suzanne Paine . == Ayyuka == Baya ga koyarwarta, Ghosh ta rubuta kuma / ko gyara littattafai 21 da fiye da 220 masanan labarai. Littattafan kwanan nan sun haɗa da Yin bala'i: COVID-19 da tattalin arzikin Indiya, Aleph Books 2022; Lokacin da gwamnatoci suka kasa: COVID-19 kuma tattalin arziki, Tulika Books da Columbia University Press 2021 (wanda aka shirya tare); Ma'aikatan mata a cikin tattalin arziki na al'ada, Routledge 2021 (wanda ba a taɓa yi ba kuma ba a biya ba: Ayyukan mata a cikin Globalising India, Mata Unlimited, New Delhi 2009; wanda aka shirya tare da Elgar Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development, 2014; wanda aka tsara tare da juna Crisis, Tuliodka, 2009; Routledge, Deculated, Rout. Ghosh ta ba da shawara ga gwamnatoci a Indiya da sauran ƙasashe, gami da a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Andhra Pradesh kan Lafiyar Manoma a shekara ta 2004, da kuma memba na Hukumar Ilimi ta Indiya (2005-09). Ta kasance Babban Sakatariyar International Development Economics Associates, cibiyar sadarwa ta kasa da kasa ta masana tattalin arziki na ci gaba, daga 2002 zuwa 2021. Ta tuntubi kungiyoyin kasa da kasa ciki har da ILO, UNDP, UNCTAD, UN-DESA, UNRISD da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Mata kuma memba ne na kwamitocin kasa da kasa da yawa, gami da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Babban Mataki na Majalisar Dinkinobho kan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a, Hukumar Canjin Tattalin Ruwa ta Duniya ta INET, da Hukumar Kasa da Kasa don Gyara Harajin Kasuwanci na Duniya (ICRICT). A cikin 2021 an nada ta a Majalisar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|WHO]] kan Tattalin Arziki na Lafiya ga Duka, wanda Mariana Mazzucato ke jagoranta. Ita memba ce ta Club of Rome . A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, an nada ta a cikin Babban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Tasirin Multilateralism, wanda aka ba da umarni don samar da hangen nesa ga hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don magance kalubalen yanzu da na gaba. Ta kuma rubuta a kai a kai ga shahararrun kafofin watsa labarai, gami da jaridu, mujallu da shafukan yanar gizo, gami na Project Syndicate, Frontline, ''[[The Guardian]]'' da Hindu BusinessLine . == Kyaututtuka da yabo == Ghosh ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da: * Kyautar John Kenneth Galbraith, 2023 daga Kungiyar Aikin Gona da Tattalin Arziki, "don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da aka gano a tattalin arziki da kuma gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga bil'adama ta hanyar jagoranci, bincike da sabis". * Kyautar Fellow ta Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya, 2023. * Kyautar Adiseshaiah don gudummawa mai ban sha'awa ga kimiyyar zamantakewa a Indiya, 2015. * Shugaban taron, Indian Society for Labour Economics, 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayati Ghosh |url=https://www.jnu.ac.in/content/jayati |access-date=2020-03-10 |website=www.jnu.ac.in |language=en}}</ref> * Satyendranath Sen Award, Asiatic Society, [[Kolkata]], 2012. * Kyautar Binciken Ayyuka Masu Kyau ta ILO, [[Geneva]], 2011. * Kyautar NordSud don Bincike a Kimiyya ta Jama'a, Fondazione Pescarabruzzo, Italiya, 2010. * Kyautar Tunawa da Ava Maiti, Asian Society, [[Kolkata]] 2006. * Kyautar UNDP don Kyakkyawan Bincike, (don Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na West Bengal), New York 2006. == Rayuwa ta musamman == Ghosh ta auri Abhijit Sen, masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya kasance memba na Hukumar Shirye-shiryen da aka rushe. Ya mutu a shekarar 2022. Tana da 'yar daya, Jahnavi Sen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nandy |first=Chandan |date=2022-08-30 |title=Saluting Abhijit Sen, one of India's greatest experts on rural economy |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/Aug/30/saluting-abhijit-sen-one-of-indias-greatest-experts-on-rural-economy-2493100.html |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Gish, Jayati. ''[https://www.alephbookcompany.com/book/the-making-of-a-catastrophe-the-disastrous-economic-fallout-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-india/ Yin bala'i: mummunar tasirin tattalin arziki na annobar COVID-19 a Indiya]''. Littattafan Aleph (2022). * Dixson-Declève, Sandrine, Owen Gaffney, Jayati Ghosh, Jorgen Randers, Johan Rockstrom, da Per Espen Stoknes. ''[https://earth4all.life/the-book/ Duniya ga Duka: Jagoran rayuwa ga bil'adama]''. Sabon Society Publishers, 2022. * Rawal, Vikas, Jayati Ghosh, da C. P. Chandrasekhar . ''[https://tulikabooks.in/catalog/product/view/id/22365 Lokacin da gwamnatoci suka kasa: annoba da sakamakonta]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Tulika (2021) * [Hasiya] Ma'aikatan mata na yau da kullun a Kudancin Duniya: Manufofi da ayyuka don tsara aikin mata a kasashe masu tasowa. [Hotuna a shafi na 9] * Reinert, Erik S., Jayati Ghosh, da Rainer Kattel, eds. [https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-alternative-theories-of-economic-development-9781782544678.html ''Littafin hannu na wasu ra'ayoyin ci gaban tattalin arziki''.] Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016. * Ghosh, Jayati (ed.), ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/35868 Tattalin Arziki: Volume 2: Indiya da Tattalin arzikin Duniya]'', Binciken Bincike da Bincike na ICSSR (Delhi, 2015). *   * Har ila yau an sake buga shi Janairu 2008, Janairu 2009, Yuli 2011.  *   *   == Dubi kuma == * Tattalin arzikin mata * Jerin masana tattalin arziki na mata == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] 1zgp83rtpsghmwga9dbzpm2en6479lu 0 101656 891832 645576 2026-08-06T02:19:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ambazonia_conflict.png|thumb|200x200px| Taswirar halin da sojoji ke ciki a yankin Ambazonia]] Mai zuwa akwai jerin kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga masu fafutukar neman 'yancin kai na Ambazonia, wadanda aka fi sani da "Amba Boys", a cikin Rikicin Anglophone . Ya kamata a tuna cewa akwai wasu kungiyoyi da ke da hannu amma dabarun su ba su da tashin hankali . Saboda yanayin duhun yawancin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, wannan jeri zai kasance bai cika ba har sai an sami ƙarin bayani. Yawancin ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawayen Ambazoniya da kwamandojinsu suna ɗaukar sunaye na alama waɗanda ke nunin dabbobi ko takamaiman halaye na mutum; ana amfani da waɗannan don jawo tsoro da girmamawa. {{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} == Jerin == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" ! width="170px" |Name of group ! width="170px" |Part of<br /><br />{{Small|(if applicable)}} ! width="170px" |Political allegiance<br /><br />{{Small|(if applicable)}} ! width="240px" |Commander(s) ! width="170px" |Strength |- |Alou Guerilla Fighters<ref name="Alou">{{Cite web |last=Atia T. AZOHNWI |date=24 September 2019 |title=Cameroon – Anglophone Crisis: Ambazonia General, Ayekeh wreaks havoc in Lebialem |url=http://cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-anglophone-crisis-ambazonia-general-ayekeh-wreaks-havoc-in-lebialem-352770.html |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Cameroon Info |archive-date=17 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617211700/http://cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-anglophone-crisis-ambazonia-general-ayekeh-wreaks-havoc-in-lebialem-352770.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Ayekeah"{{KIA}}<ref name="Alou" /><ref name="Ayekeah">{{Cite web |last=Atia T. Azohwi |date=13 October 2020 |title=Ambazonia 'Major General' Ayeke killed, leaves fighters stranded |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/ambazonia-major-general-ayeke-kisses-the-dust-leaves-fighters-stranded/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> | ? |- |Al-Qaeda Squad of Meme<ref name="mimimefomay132024">{{Cite web |title=Whereabouts of 28, including women and children, unknown after abduction |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/whereabouts-of-28-including-women-and-children-unknown-after-abduction/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Ndiba Lenya Clifford ("General Lucifer" or "Field Marshall Lucifer"){{KIA}}<ref name="mimimefomay132024" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2024 |title=Subdivision de Mbonge: Une dizaine de combattants séparatistes neutralisés |url=https://actucameroun.com/2024/10/29/subdivision-de-mbonge-une-dizaine-de-combattants-separatistes-neutralises/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> | ? |- |Ambaland Forces |N/A | ? | ? |10–30 {{Small|(by 2018)}} |- |Ambaland Quifor<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |Silas Zama<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ambazonia Dark Forces<ref name="dark forces">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=Cameroon: 'Ambazonians' threaten journalists |url=https://www.dw.com/en/cameroon-ambazonians-threaten-journalists/a-65590495 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Deutche Welle |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Capo Daniel<ref name="dark forces" /> | ? |- |Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) |N/A |Ambazonia Governing Council<br /><br /><small>(in turn allied with the Ayuk Tabe loyalist faction of the Interim Government since 2020)</small> |Ayaba Cho Lucas{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />Benedict Nwana Kuah{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><br /><br />Ivo Mbah{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Efang" ("Big Number")<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=7 March 2021 |title=Un « général » ambazonien présente ses excuses aux populations du Nord-ouest et du Sud-ouest |url=https://www.lebledparle.com/fr/societe/1119190-un-general-ambazonien-presente-ses-excusent-aux-populations-du-nord-ouest-et-du-sud-ouest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009162756/https://www.lebledparle.com/fr/societe/1119190-un-general-ambazonien-presente-ses-excusent-aux-populations-du-nord-ouest-et-du-sud-ouest |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Le Bled Parle}}</ref><br /><br />Capo Daniel (formerly)<br /><br />"Major General King Commando"<ref name="mimimefooct222021" /><br /><br />"General Manboy"<ref name="mimimefooct222021">{{Cite web |last=Mimi Mefo |date=22 October 2021 |title=Commander Manboy of Momo set ablaze a military pick up and confiscate weapons and ammunitions |url=https://www.mimimefo.com/commander-manboy-of-momo-set-ablaze-a-military-pick-up-and-confiscate-weapons-and-ammunitions/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Mimi Mefo |publisher= |archive-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026124555/https://www.mimimefo.com/commander-manboy-of-momo-set-ablaze-a-military-pick-up-and-confiscate-weapons-and-ammunitions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br />"General Cross and Die"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=30 October 2021 |title=Crise anglophone: un "général" ambazonien abattu par l'armée dans le Nord-Ouest |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/10/30/crise-anglophone-un-general-ambazonien-abattu-par-larmee-dans-le-nord-ouest/ |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=Actu Cameroun |publisher=}}</ref><br /><br />"Colonel John"{{KIA}}<ref name="cnaaug22022">{{Cite web |last= |date=2 August 2022 |title=Two Ambazonia forces killed in Bambui, 15 killed and hideouts ransacked in Batibo-Security sources |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/two-ambazonia-forces-killed-in-bambui-15-killed-and-hideouts-ransacked-in-batibo-security-sources/ |access-date=2 August 2022 |website= |publisher=Cameroon News Agency}}</ref><br /><br />"General Rasta"{{KIA}}<ref name="cnaaug22022" /><br /><br />Orock Valentine aka "General Mbula"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atangana |first=David |date=2023-01-30 |title=Manyu: Military kill notorious Ambazonia 'General' in Upper Bayang |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/manyu-military-kill-notorious-ambazonia-general-in-upper-bayang/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en-US}}</ref><br /><br />"General Abakwa"{{KIA}}<ref name="actu2" /><br /><br />"General Sumanguru"<ref name="talkanddosumanguru" /><br /><br />"General Weapon"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADF's 'General Weapon,' Four Others Killed in Bamenda |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/adfs-general-weapon-four-others-killed-in-bamenda/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |200–500 {{Small|(by 2019)}} |- |Ambazonia Intelligence Forces<ref name="actu">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2021 |title=Nord-Ouest : violents affrontements à Kumbo |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/03/04/nord-ouest-violents-affrontements-a-kumbo/ |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] | ? | ? | ? |- |Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=As fighting persists, Cameroon's state agricultural workers are caught in the crossfire |url=https://www.equaltimes.org/as-fighting-persists-cameroon-s?lang=en#.Yl8Cd9PP2Uk |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Equal Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards step up action near Cross River border |url=https://nigeriapenng.com/ambazonia-revolutionary-guards-step-up-action-near-cross-river-border/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Nigeria Pen }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Asu">{{Cite web |last=Isong Asu |date=8 October 2021 |title=General No Pity reserves right to use all means to counter the Francophone dominated army |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/general-no-pity-reserves-right-to-use-all-means-to-counter-the-francophone-dominated-army/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref> | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fon Lawrence |date=13 October 2021 |title=Southern Cameroons Crisis: "General No Pity" vows to continue fight against French Cameroun |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/southern-cameroons-crisis-general-no-pity-vows-to-continue-fight-against-french-cameroun/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref> <small>(General No Pity also leads the Bambalang Marine Forces and Bui Unity Warriors)</small> | ? |- |Ambazonia Restoration Army<ref name="sa">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Why Political Power Distribution Escalated Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon? |url=https://susafrica.com/2020/09/17/why-political-power-distribution-escalated-anglophone-crisis-in-cameroon/ |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Susa Africa |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108150502/https://susafrica.com/2020/09/17/why-political-power-distribution-escalated-anglophone-crisis-in-cameroon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Paxson Agbor |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ambazonia State Army (ASA)<ref name="talkanddosumanguru">{{Cite web |title=Southern Cameroons Independence Day Marked by Mixed Celebrations |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/southern-cameroons-independence-day-marked-by-mixed-celebrations/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |Bui Warriors<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbah Godlove |date=14 January 2024 |title=Tobin District Under Immediate Lockdown in Response to Controversial Tax Decision |url=https://www.bareta.news/tobin-district-under-immediate-lockdown-in-response-to-controversial-tax-decision/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229152129/https://www.bareta.news/tobin-district-under-immediate-lockdown-in-response-to-controversial-tax-decision/ |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Bareta News}}</ref> |Interim Government of Ambazonia (Sako faction)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Killed, One Injured in Separatist Ambush in Ndu |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/three-killed-one-injured-in-separatist-ambush-in-ndu/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |"General Talk and Do"<ref name="talkanddosumanguru" /> | ? |- |Bambalang Marine Forces |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Asu" /> | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity" <small>(General No Pity also leads the Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards and Bui Unity Warriors)</small><br /><br />Sylvester Mbashie aka "General Shina Rambo"{{surrendered}} | ? |- |Asawana<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title="They Are Destroying Our Future" Armed Separatist Attacks on Students, Teachers, and Schools in Cameroon’s Anglophone Regions |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/12/16/they-are-destroying-our-future/armed-separatist-attacks-students-teachers-and |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=HRW}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Cats{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Hearts of Banga Bakundu | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Lions of Bamali<ref name="mimimefomay102024">{{Cite web |title=Separatists Seize Gendarmerie Truck in Ndop |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/separatists-seize-gendarmerie-truck-in-ndop/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Kolambo"<ref name="mimimefomay102024" /> | ? |- |Black Mambas{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Shoes of Oku<ref name="actu" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Banso Resistance Army<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2018 |title=Anglophone Crisis: Group di call for direct government and Anglophone leaders dialogue |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-43283935 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Buffaloes of Bali<ref name="hrw2">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Cameroon: Separatist Abuses in Anglophone Regions |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/27/cameroon-separatist-abuses-anglophone-regions |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=HRW}}</ref> | ? |Unclear, but fought against ADF militia of "Big Number"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moki Edwin Kindzeka |date=26 September 2022 |title=Cameroon's Separatists Say Splinter Groups Kill, Abduct Fighters |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-s-separatists-say-splinter-groups-kill-abduct-fighters-/6764157.html |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=VOA}}</ref> | ? | ? |- |Bui Unity Warriors<ref name="mmi8apr2022">{{Cite web |last=Mimi Mefo Takambou |date=8 April 2022 |title=Anglophone Crisis: Self styled General Insobu, Amba Lord of Kikaikom dies |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/anglophone-crisis-self-styled-general-insobu-amba-lord-of-kikaikom-dies/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website= |publisher=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> |Unclear{{Ref label|reference_name_A|a|1}} | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity"<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> <small>(General No Pity also leads the Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards and Bambalang Marine Forces)</small><br /><br />"General Mad Dog of Bui"<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> | ? |- |Bui Warriors |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fon Lawrence |date=5 August 2021 |title=Southern Cameroons Crisis: Bui Warriors destroy Cameroon gov't military vehicles and weapons |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/southern-cameroons-crisis-bui-warriors-destroy-cameroon-govt-military-vehicles-and-weapons/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref><br /><br />Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces <small>(General Insobu was General Chacha's successor;<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> Chacha was aligned with the SCRF<ref name="voainfightingjan" />)</small> | ? |"General Insobu"{{KIA}}<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /><br /><br />"General Thunder"{{KIA}}<ref name="actu2">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Crise anglophone : prélats et chefs traditionnels indexés |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/06/17/crise-anglophone-prelats-et-chefs-traditionnels-indexes/ |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> | ? |- |Dongang Mantung self defense group<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> (or "Donga and Mantung liberation forces")<ref name="bbc" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Expendables 100<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2023 |title=South west region must rise up- Senator Mbella Moki |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/south-west-region-must-rise-up-senator-mbella-moki/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Cameroon News Agency}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Ten Kobo"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joël Honoré Kouam |date=16 July 2021 |title=Separatist leader killed in Southwest Cameroon |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/16/separatist-leader-killed-in-southwest-cameroon/ |access-date=21 May 2021 |website=Africa News}}</ref> | ? |- |Fako Action Forces | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Fako-Meme Black Tar Council | ? | ? |Augustine Ambe ("General Above the Law"){{KIA}}<ref name="jdcfeb92021" /> | ? |- |Fako Mountain Lions | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Ground Zero | ? | ? |Success Nkongho{{Surrendered}}<ref name="voa02012020" /> | ? |- |Gorilla Fighters | ? | ? |"General Ayeke"{{KIA}} | ? |- |Jaguars of Bamessing<ref name="agence cameroun">{{Cite web |last=Ariane Foguem |date=17 September 2021 |title=Anglophone crisis: About 15 soldiers perish in Amba ambush in Sabga |url=https://agencecamerounpresse.com/2021-d%C3%A9fense/anglophone-crisis-about-15-soldiers-perish-in-amba-ambush-in-sabga.html |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Agence Cameroun Presse}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Sagard"<ref name="agence cameroun" /> | ? |- |Menchum Fall Warriors<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Manyu Ghost Warriors |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Martin Ashu<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |500 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ngoketundjia Defence Council | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Nso Liberation Army<ref name="sa" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Only Bro<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint military operation neutralizes key members of general “The Only Bro” |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/joint-military-operation-neutralizes-key-members-of-general-the-only-bro/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Cameroon News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Pythons of Boyo<ref name="pythons">{{Cite web |title=Separatists Kill Two Cameroonian Soldiers in Mbingo |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/separatists-kill-two-cameroonian-soldiers-in-mbingo/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Nyih"<ref name="pythons" /> | ? |- |Red Dragon<ref name="BBCoct42018" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Browne">{{Cite web |last=Gareth Browne |date=13 May 2019 |title=Cameroon's Separatist Movement Is Going International |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/13/cameroons-separatist-movement-is-going-international-ambazonia-military-forces-amf-anglophone-crisis/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=Foreign Policy}}</ref><br /><br />"Lebialem Defence Force"<ref name="sa" /> |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |"Field Marshall" Lekeaka Oliver{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Ayekeah"{{KIA}}<ref name="Ayekeah" /> (also head of Alou Guerilla Fighters)<ref name="Alou" /> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ribbons of Ambazonia<ref name="cna farmin">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-31 |title=Separatists impose 'no farming Mondays' in Meme, Ndian |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/separatists-impose-no-farming-mondays-in-meme-ndian/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=Cameroon News Agency |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Desmond Koa ("General Mad Dog" of Ndian and Meme){{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ndian: Selfstyled general mad dog killed in military operation |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/ndianselfstyled-general-mad-dog-killed-in-military-operation/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |publisher=Cameroon News Agency |language=en}}</ref><br /><br />"General Millepede"<ref name="cna farmin" /> | ? |- |Seven Karta<ref name="BBCoct42018" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |"General Alhaji"{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Peace Plant"{{KIA}}<ref name="GeneralAlhaji" /><br /><br />"One Blood"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=25 December 2022 |title=Military kills and displays Separatist 'commander' in Bafut |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/military-kills-separatist-commander-in-bafut/ |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=Mimi Mefo |publisher=}}</ref> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF)<ref name="forces" /> |Aligned with, but not officially part of, the [[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[African People's Liberation Movement|APLM]])}} |Ebenezer Akwanga{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />Andrew Ngoe{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Opopo"{{Executed}}<br /><br />"General Jason"<ref name="mefosocadefsep2021" /> |400 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces (also known as "Southern Cameroons Defence Forces," SCDF)<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Browne" /> |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Nso Foncha Nkem{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />"General RK"<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><br /><br />"General Chacha"{{KIA}} |100 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Team Retina<ref name="teamretina">{{Cite web |last=David Atangana |date=13 March 2023 |title=Ambazonia explosive injures soldiers, others feared dead |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/ambazonia-explosive-injures-soldiers-others-feared-dead/ |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Massacre"<ref name="teamretina" /> | ? |- |Ten Cobo<ref name="hrw2" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Ten-Ten<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |"General Ten-Ten" |50 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |The Mountain Lions<ref name="hrw2" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |[[Tigers na Ambazonia|Tigers of Ambazonia]]<ref name="BBCoct42018" />{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} (also known as "Manyu Tigers"<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edward McAllister |date=8 February 2018 |title=Exclusive - "We are in a war": Cameroon unrest confronted by army offensive |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cameroon-separatists-idINKBN1FS1WU |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref> or "Tigers of Manyu")<ref name="sa" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} | ? |{{Circa}} 500 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |The Sword of Ambazonia (TSOA)<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Vipers<ref name="forces" />{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} |N/A | ? | ? |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |White Tigers<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |50 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Warriors of Nso<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |100 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |One Touch{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Isakabas{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |More than 20 unnamed militias as of 2019<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |For individual leaders whose affiliation could not be verified, see list of Ambazonian commanders in the Anglophone Crisis. |Hundreds, split into dozens of groups {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} op78pz27xtu2fvj7aff0cu1dz8q4eay 0 101658 891833 645577 2026-08-06T02:19:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ambazonia_conflict.png|thumb|200x200px| Taswirar halin da sojoji ke ciki a yankin Ambazonia]] Mai zuwa akwai '''jerin kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga masu fafutukar neman 'yancin kai na Ambazonia''', wadanda aka fi sani da "Amba Boys", a cikin Rikicin Anglophone . Ya kamata a tuna cewa akwai wasu kungiyoyi da ke da hannu amma dabarun su ba su da tashin hankali . Saboda yanayin duhun yawancin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, wannan jeri zai kasance bai cika ba har sai an sami ƙarin bayani. Yawancin ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawayen Ambazoniya da kwamandojinsu suna ɗaukar sunaye na alama waɗanda ke nunin dabbobi ko takamaiman halaye na mutum; ana amfani da waɗannan don jawo tsoro da girmamawa. == Jerin == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left" ! width="170px" |Name of group ! width="170px" |Part of<br /><br />{{Small|(if applicable)}} ! width="170px" |Political allegiance<br /><br />{{Small|(if applicable)}} ! width="240px" |Commander(s) ! width="170px" |Strength |- |Alou Guerilla Fighters<ref name="Alou">{{Cite web |last=Atia T. AZOHNWI |date=24 September 2019 |title=Cameroon – Anglophone Crisis: Ambazonia General, Ayekeh wreaks havoc in Lebialem |url=http://cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-anglophone-crisis-ambazonia-general-ayekeh-wreaks-havoc-in-lebialem-352770.html |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Cameroon Info |archive-date=17 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617211700/http://cameroon-info.net/article/cameroon-anglophone-crisis-ambazonia-general-ayekeh-wreaks-havoc-in-lebialem-352770.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Ayekeah"{{KIA}}<ref name="Alou" /><ref name="Ayekeah">{{Cite web |last=Atia T. Azohwi |date=13 October 2020 |title=Ambazonia 'Major General' Ayeke killed, leaves fighters stranded |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/ambazonia-major-general-ayeke-kisses-the-dust-leaves-fighters-stranded/ |access-date=15 June 2023 |website=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> | ? |- |Al-Qaeda Squad of Meme<ref name="mimimefomay132024">{{Cite web |title=Whereabouts of 28, including women and children, unknown after abduction |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/whereabouts-of-28-including-women-and-children-unknown-after-abduction/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Ndiba Lenya Clifford ("General Lucifer" or "Field Marshall Lucifer"){{KIA}}<ref name="mimimefomay132024" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2024 |title=Subdivision de Mbonge: Une dizaine de combattants séparatistes neutralisés |url=https://actucameroun.com/2024/10/29/subdivision-de-mbonge-une-dizaine-de-combattants-separatistes-neutralises/ |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> | ? |- |Ambaland Forces |N/A | ? | ? |10–30 {{Small|(by 2018)}} |- |Ambaland Quifor<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |Silas Zama<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ambazonia Dark Forces<ref name="dark forces">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-11 |title=Cameroon: 'Ambazonians' threaten journalists |url=https://www.dw.com/en/cameroon-ambazonians-threaten-journalists/a-65590495 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Deutche Welle |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Capo Daniel<ref name="dark forces" /> | ? |- |Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) |N/A |Ambazonia Governing Council<br /><br /><small>(in turn allied with the Ayuk Tabe loyalist faction of the Interim Government since 2020)</small> |Ayaba Cho Lucas{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />Benedict Nwana Kuah{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><br /><br />Ivo Mbah{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Efang" ("Big Number")<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=7 March 2021 |title=Un « général » ambazonien présente ses excuses aux populations du Nord-ouest et du Sud-ouest |url=https://www.lebledparle.com/fr/societe/1119190-un-general-ambazonien-presente-ses-excusent-aux-populations-du-nord-ouest-et-du-sud-ouest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009162756/https://www.lebledparle.com/fr/societe/1119190-un-general-ambazonien-presente-ses-excusent-aux-populations-du-nord-ouest-et-du-sud-ouest |archive-date=9 October 2021 |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Le Bled Parle}}</ref><br /><br />Capo Daniel (formerly)<br /><br />"Major General King Commando"<ref name="mimimefooct222021" /><br /><br />"General Manboy"<ref name="mimimefooct222021">{{Cite web |last=Mimi Mefo |date=22 October 2021 |title=Commander Manboy of Momo set ablaze a military pick up and confiscate weapons and ammunitions |url=https://www.mimimefo.com/commander-manboy-of-momo-set-ablaze-a-military-pick-up-and-confiscate-weapons-and-ammunitions/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Mimi Mefo |publisher= |archive-date=26 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026124555/https://www.mimimefo.com/commander-manboy-of-momo-set-ablaze-a-military-pick-up-and-confiscate-weapons-and-ammunitions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br />"General Cross and Die"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=30 October 2021 |title=Crise anglophone: un "général" ambazonien abattu par l'armée dans le Nord-Ouest |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/10/30/crise-anglophone-un-general-ambazonien-abattu-par-larmee-dans-le-nord-ouest/ |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=Actu Cameroun |publisher=}}</ref><br /><br />"Colonel John"{{KIA}}<ref name="cnaaug22022">{{Cite web |last= |date=2 August 2022 |title=Two Ambazonia forces killed in Bambui, 15 killed and hideouts ransacked in Batibo-Security sources |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/two-ambazonia-forces-killed-in-bambui-15-killed-and-hideouts-ransacked-in-batibo-security-sources/ |access-date=2 August 2022 |website= |publisher=Cameroon News Agency}}</ref><br /><br />"General Rasta"{{KIA}}<ref name="cnaaug22022" /><br /><br />Orock Valentine aka "General Mbula"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atangana |first=David |date=2023-01-30 |title=Manyu: Military kill notorious Ambazonia 'General' in Upper Bayang |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/manyu-military-kill-notorious-ambazonia-general-in-upper-bayang/ |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en-US}}</ref><br /><br />"General Abakwa"{{KIA}}<ref name="actu2" /><br /><br />"General Sumanguru"<ref name="talkanddosumanguru" /><br /><br />"General Weapon"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADF's 'General Weapon,' Four Others Killed in Bamenda |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/adfs-general-weapon-four-others-killed-in-bamenda/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |200–500 {{Small|(by 2019)}} |- |Ambazonia Intelligence Forces<ref name="actu">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2021 |title=Nord-Ouest : violents affrontements à Kumbo |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/03/04/nord-ouest-violents-affrontements-a-kumbo/ |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] | ? | ? | ? |- |Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2022 |title=As fighting persists, Cameroon's state agricultural workers are caught in the crossfire |url=https://www.equaltimes.org/as-fighting-persists-cameroon-s?lang=en#.Yl8Cd9PP2Uk |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Equal Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards step up action near Cross River border |url=https://nigeriapenng.com/ambazonia-revolutionary-guards-step-up-action-near-cross-river-border/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Nigeria Pen }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Asu">{{Cite web |last=Isong Asu |date=8 October 2021 |title=General No Pity reserves right to use all means to counter the Francophone dominated army |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/general-no-pity-reserves-right-to-use-all-means-to-counter-the-francophone-dominated-army/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref> | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fon Lawrence |date=13 October 2021 |title=Southern Cameroons Crisis: "General No Pity" vows to continue fight against French Cameroun |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/southern-cameroons-crisis-general-no-pity-vows-to-continue-fight-against-french-cameroun/ |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref> <small>(General No Pity also leads the Bambalang Marine Forces and Bui Unity Warriors)</small> | ? |- |Ambazonia Restoration Army<ref name="sa">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Why Political Power Distribution Escalated Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon? |url=https://susafrica.com/2020/09/17/why-political-power-distribution-escalated-anglophone-crisis-in-cameroon/ |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Susa Africa |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108150502/https://susafrica.com/2020/09/17/why-political-power-distribution-escalated-anglophone-crisis-in-cameroon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Paxson Agbor |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ambazonia State Army (ASA)<ref name="talkanddosumanguru">{{Cite web |title=Southern Cameroons Independence Day Marked by Mixed Celebrations |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/southern-cameroons-independence-day-marked-by-mixed-celebrations/ |access-date=2024-10-12 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |Bui Warriors<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbah Godlove |date=14 January 2024 |title=Tobin District Under Immediate Lockdown in Response to Controversial Tax Decision |url=https://www.bareta.news/tobin-district-under-immediate-lockdown-in-response-to-controversial-tax-decision/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229152129/https://www.bareta.news/tobin-district-under-immediate-lockdown-in-response-to-controversial-tax-decision/ |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=16 April 2025 |website=Bareta News}}</ref> |Interim Government of Ambazonia (Sako faction)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Killed, One Injured in Separatist Ambush in Ndu |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/three-killed-one-injured-in-separatist-ambush-in-ndu/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> |"General Talk and Do"<ref name="talkanddosumanguru" /> | ? |- |Bambalang Marine Forces |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Asu" /> | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity" <small>(General No Pity also leads the Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards and Bui Unity Warriors)</small><br /><br />Sylvester Mbashie aka "General Shina Rambo"{{surrendered}} | ? |- |Asawana<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title="They Are Destroying Our Future" Armed Separatist Attacks on Students, Teachers, and Schools in Cameroon’s Anglophone Regions |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/12/16/they-are-destroying-our-future/armed-separatist-attacks-students-teachers-and |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=HRW}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Cats{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Hearts of Banga Bakundu | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Lions of Bamali<ref name="mimimefomay102024">{{Cite web |title=Separatists Seize Gendarmerie Truck in Ndop |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/separatists-seize-gendarmerie-truck-in-ndop/ |access-date=2024-05-10 |website=Mimi Mefo Info |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Kolambo"<ref name="mimimefomay102024" /> | ? |- |Black Mambas{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Black Shoes of Oku<ref name="actu" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Banso Resistance Army<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2018 |title=Anglophone Crisis: Group di call for direct government and Anglophone leaders dialogue |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-43283935 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Buffaloes of Bali<ref name="hrw2">{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Cameroon: Separatist Abuses in Anglophone Regions |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/27/cameroon-separatist-abuses-anglophone-regions |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=HRW}}</ref> | ? |Unclear, but fought against ADF militia of "Big Number"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moki Edwin Kindzeka |date=26 September 2022 |title=Cameroon's Separatists Say Splinter Groups Kill, Abduct Fighters |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-s-separatists-say-splinter-groups-kill-abduct-fighters-/6764157.html |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=VOA}}</ref> | ? | ? |- |Bui Unity Warriors<ref name="mmi8apr2022">{{Cite web |last=Mimi Mefo Takambou |date=8 April 2022 |title=Anglophone Crisis: Self styled General Insobu, Amba Lord of Kikaikom dies |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/anglophone-crisis-self-styled-general-insobu-amba-lord-of-kikaikom-dies/ |access-date=8 April 2022 |website= |publisher=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> |Unclear{{Ref label|reference_name_A|a|1}} | ? |Clement Mbashie aka "General No Pity"<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> <small>(General No Pity also leads the Ambazonia Revolutionary Guards and Bambalang Marine Forces)</small><br /><br />"General Mad Dog of Bui"<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> | ? |- |Bui Warriors |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fon Lawrence |date=5 August 2021 |title=Southern Cameroons Crisis: Bui Warriors destroy Cameroon gov't military vehicles and weapons |url=https://www.cameroonintelligencereport.com/southern-cameroons-crisis-bui-warriors-destroy-cameroon-govt-military-vehicles-and-weapons/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=Cameroon Intelligence Report}}</ref><br /><br />Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces <small>(General Insobu was General Chacha's successor;<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /> Chacha was aligned with the SCRF<ref name="voainfightingjan" />)</small> | ? |"General Insobu"{{KIA}}<ref name="mmi8apr2022" /><br /><br />"General Thunder"{{KIA}}<ref name="actu2">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2021 |title=Crise anglophone : prélats et chefs traditionnels indexés |url=https://actucameroun.com/2021/06/17/crise-anglophone-prelats-et-chefs-traditionnels-indexes/ |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Actu Cameroun}}</ref> | ? |- |Dongang Mantung self defense group<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> (or "Donga and Mantung liberation forces")<ref name="bbc" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Expendables 100<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2023 |title=South west region must rise up- Senator Mbella Moki |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/south-west-region-must-rise-up-senator-mbella-moki/ |access-date=9 August 2023 |website=Cameroon News Agency}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Ten Kobo"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joël Honoré Kouam |date=16 July 2021 |title=Separatist leader killed in Southwest Cameroon |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/16/separatist-leader-killed-in-southwest-cameroon/ |access-date=21 May 2021 |website=Africa News}}</ref> | ? |- |Fako Action Forces | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Fako-Meme Black Tar Council | ? | ? |Augustine Ambe ("General Above the Law"){{KIA}}<ref name="jdcfeb92021" /> | ? |- |Fako Mountain Lions | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Ground Zero | ? | ? |Success Nkongho{{Surrendered}}<ref name="voa02012020" /> | ? |- |Gorilla Fighters | ? | ? |"General Ayeke"{{KIA}} | ? |- |Jaguars of Bamessing<ref name="agence cameroun">{{Cite web |last=Ariane Foguem |date=17 September 2021 |title=Anglophone crisis: About 15 soldiers perish in Amba ambush in Sabga |url=https://agencecamerounpresse.com/2021-d%C3%A9fense/anglophone-crisis-about-15-soldiers-perish-in-amba-ambush-in-sabga.html |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Agence Cameroun Presse}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Sagard"<ref name="agence cameroun" /> | ? |- |Menchum Fall Warriors<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Manyu Ghost Warriors |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Martin Ashu<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |500 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ngoketundjia Defence Council | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Nso Liberation Army<ref name="sa" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Only Bro<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint military operation neutralizes key members of general “The Only Bro” |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/joint-military-operation-neutralizes-key-members-of-general-the-only-bro/ |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Cameroon News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Pythons of Boyo<ref name="pythons">{{Cite web |title=Separatists Kill Two Cameroonian Soldiers in Mbingo |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/separatists-kill-two-cameroonian-soldiers-in-mbingo/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Mimi Mefo}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Nyih"<ref name="pythons" /> | ? |- |Red Dragon<ref name="BBCoct42018" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Browne">{{Cite web |last=Gareth Browne |date=13 May 2019 |title=Cameroon's Separatist Movement Is Going International |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/13/cameroons-separatist-movement-is-going-international-ambazonia-military-forces-amf-anglophone-crisis/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |website=Foreign Policy}}</ref><br /><br />"Lebialem Defence Force"<ref name="sa" /> |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |"Field Marshall" Lekeaka Oliver{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Ayekeah"{{KIA}}<ref name="Ayekeah" /> (also head of Alou Guerilla Fighters)<ref name="Alou" /> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Ribbons of Ambazonia<ref name="cna farmin">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-31 |title=Separatists impose 'no farming Mondays' in Meme, Ndian |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/separatists-impose-no-farming-mondays-in-meme-ndian/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |website=Cameroon News Agency |language=en}}</ref> | ? | ? |Desmond Koa ("General Mad Dog" of Ndian and Meme){{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ndian: Selfstyled general mad dog killed in military operation |url=https://cameroonnewsagency.com/ndianselfstyled-general-mad-dog-killed-in-military-operation/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |publisher=Cameroon News Agency |language=en}}</ref><br /><br />"General Millepede"<ref name="cna farmin" /> | ? |- |Seven Karta<ref name="BBCoct42018" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |"General Alhaji"{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Peace Plant"{{KIA}}<ref name="GeneralAlhaji" /><br /><br />"One Blood"{{KIA}}<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=25 December 2022 |title=Military kills and displays Separatist 'commander' in Bafut |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/military-kills-separatist-commander-in-bafut/ |access-date=25 December 2022 |website=Mimi Mefo |publisher=}}</ref> |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF)<ref name="forces" /> |Aligned with, but not officially part of, the [[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[African People's Liberation Movement|APLM]])}} |Ebenezer Akwanga{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />Andrew Ngoe{{KIA}}<br /><br />"General Opopo"{{Executed}}<br /><br />"General Jason"<ref name="mefosocadefsep2021" /> |400 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Southern Cameroons Restoration Forces (also known as "Southern Cameroons Defence Forces," SCDF)<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]]<ref name="Browne" /> |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} |Nso Foncha Nkem{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}}<br /><br />"General RK"<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><br /><br />"General Chacha"{{KIA}} |100 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Team Retina<ref name="teamretina">{{Cite web |last=David Atangana |date=13 March 2023 |title=Ambazonia explosive injures soldiers, others feared dead |url=https://mimimefoinfos.com/ambazonia-explosive-injures-soldiers-others-feared-dead/ |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Mimi Mefo Info}}</ref> | ? | ? |"General Massacre"<ref name="teamretina" /> | ? |- |Ten Cobo<ref name="hrw2" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Ten-Ten<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |"General Ten-Ten" |50 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |The Mountain Lions<ref name="hrw2" /> | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |[[Tigers na Ambazonia|Tigers of Ambazonia]]<ref name="BBCoct42018" />{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} (also known as "Manyu Tigers"<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edward McAllister |date=8 February 2018 |title=Exclusive - "We are in a war": Cameroon unrest confronted by army offensive |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cameroon-separatists-idINKBN1FS1WU |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=Reuters}}</ref> or "Tigers of Manyu")<ref name="sa" /> |[[Kwamitin Tsaro na Ambazonia|Ambazonia Self-Defence Council]] |Southern Cameroons Liberation Council {{Small|([[Interim Government of Ambazonia|Interim Government]])}} | ? |{{Circa}} 500 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |The Sword of Ambazonia (TSOA)<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |200 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Vipers<ref name="forces" />{{Sfn|Nkwain|2022}} |N/A | ? | ? |a few dozen {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |White Tigers<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |50 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |Warriors of Nso<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? | ? |100 {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |- |One Touch{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |Isakabas{{Sfn|DeLancey|DeLancey|Mbuh|2019}} | ? | ? | ? | ? |- |More than 20 unnamed militias as of 2019<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> | ? | ? |For individual leaders whose affiliation could not be verified, see list of Ambazonian commanders in the Anglophone Crisis. |Hundreds, split into dozens of groups {{Small|(by 2019)}}<ref name="crisisgroupmay22019" /> |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} kubbklepw2t46jzt4tbymnvplhy3cij 0 101665 891756 877503 2026-08-05T21:08:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Pan-African''' (PAU) wata hanyar sadarwa ce ta horar da karatun digiri na biyu da kuma binciken bincike da [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] da [[Ƙungiyar Jami'o'in Afrika|Ƙungiyar Jami'o'in Afirka]] ke tallafawa. Jami'ar na da niyyar haɓaka ingancin ilimin kimiyya da fasaha a Afirka da haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziƙin Afirka ta hanyar ba da ƙwararrun horon digiri na biyu da damar yin bincike na gaba ga ɗaliban Afirka masu himma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2011 |title=Kenya to host Pan African University institute |url=http://www.africanbrains.net/2011/05/10/kenya-to-host-pan-african-university-institute/ |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=African Brains }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Samuwa == An kaddamar da kungiyar ta PAU a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Disamba 2011 biyo bayan shawarar da kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yanke a shekarar 2008 na kafa ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Academy |first=Miratem |date=2023-07-24 |title=Courses Offered By Pan African University (PAU) |url=https://www.miratemacademy.com/pan-african-university-courses/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108125419/https://www.miratemacademy.com/pan-african-university-courses/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani babban kwamiti, wanda ya haɗa da fitattun mutane kamar [[Njabulo Ndebele]] da Ahmadou Lamine Ndiaye, ya sa ido akan ƙirƙirar sa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=PAU |first=PAU |title=PAU Alumni |url=http://www.jkuat.ac.ke/pauisti/pan-african-university-alumni-association-pauaa-officially-inaugurated/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |publisher=JKUAT }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An amince da dokar jami'a a cikin 2013. Makasudin PAU sun haɗa da haɓaka bincike na haɗin gwiwa da gasa na duniya da haɓaka sha'awar manyan makarantun Afirka da cibiyoyin bincike. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Space in |date=2019-05-08 |title=Pan African University Institute for Space Sciences to begin operation soon |url=https://africanews.space/the-pan-african-university-institute-for-space-sciences/ |access-date=2023-01-05 |website=Space in Africa |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Cibiyoyin yanki == [[Fayil:Africa_map_regions.svg|thumb|359x359px| Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Afirka]] PAU ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi biyar na tuƙi, kowanne yana mai da hankali kan muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi yankuna daban-daban na Afirka. Fitattun jami'o'i ne suka shiryar da su a yankuna daban-daban na yanki, waɗannan cibiyoyi sun haɗa da Kimiyyar Basic, Fasaha, da Ƙirƙiri; Kimiyyar Rayuwa da Duniya (ciki har da Lafiya da Noma); Mulki, Humanities, da Social Sciences; Kimiyyar Ruwa da Makamashi (ciki har da Canjin yanayi); da Kimiyyar Sararin Samaniya. <ref name="Africa">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2011 |title=Kenya to host Pan African University institute |url=http://www.africanbrains.net/2011/05/10/kenya-to-host-pan-african-university-institute/ |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=African Brains |archive-date=2012-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515072228/http://africanbrains.net/2011/05/10/kenya-to-host-pan-african-university-institute/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waɗannan cibiyoyi suna haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyoyin Tauraron Dan Adam guda goma kowannensu, suna haɓaka shirye-shiryen tsaka-tsaki da ladabtarwa. Bayan cikar turawa, PAU za ta ƙunshi cibiyoyi 50 masu kyau a ƙarƙashin cibiyoyin karatunta na Afirka guda biyar. == Matsayin aiwatarwa == Cibiyoyin PAU suna aiki a yankuna huɗu na Afirka biyar: Yamma, Gabas, Tsakiya, da Arewa. Ana ci gaba da tattaunawa don kafa Cibiyar PAU ta biyar a Kudancin Afirka. A shekarar 2014 ne rukunin farko na dalibai ya yaye, sai kuma a shekarar 2015. PAU tana da yawan ɗalibai masu girma, tare da ɗalibai 314 da jerin masu shiga 350 don shekarar karatu ta 2015/2016. Adadin masu neman shiga shekarar karatu ta 2015–2016 ya karu sosai, tare da karuwa sosai a yawan masu neman mata. <ref name="Africa"/> Majalisar PAU, wacce aka kafa a watan Yuni 2015, tana kula da ci gaba da ci gaban jami'ar. Majalisar na da burin bunkasa 'yancin cin gashin kai na cibiyar tare da tabbatar da nagartar ilimi da bincike. An nada PAU Rectorate don sauƙaƙe sadarwa da daidaitawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki, kuma a cikin Janairu 2015, an zaɓi Jamhuriyar Kamaru don karɓar bakuncin Jami'ar Pan African Rectorate. <ref name="Africa"/> == PAU tallafin karatu == PAU tana ba da cikakken guraben karatu ga ɗaliban da aka zaɓa ta hanyar tsarin shigar gasa. Guraben tallafin karatu ya ƙunshi kuɗin koyarwa, tallafi don kuɗaɗen rayuwa, izinin tafiya, da inshorar likita. Dalibai sun himmatu wajen yin hidima ga Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka na tsawon lokaci daidai da lokacin karatun bayan kammala karatunsu. Ayyukan samar da kuɗin shiga waɗanda zasu iya tsoma baki tare da shirye-shiryen ilimi suna buƙatar amincewa daga PAU Rectorate. Tallafin tallafin karatu cikakke ne, yana tallafawa tafiye-tafiyen ilimi na ɗalibai yayin da yake mai da hankali kan ilimi. <ref name="Africa"/> == PAU haɗin gwiwa == PAU tana haɗin gwiwa tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka ƙarfin koyarwa da bincike na cibiyoyinta. Abokan hulɗa na Thematic suna ba da gudummawar albarkatu, ƙwarewa, da mafi kyawun ayyuka, suna ƙarfafa ingancin cibiyoyi gaba ɗaya. Maɓallin Jigogi na Abokan Hulɗa (KTPs) suna da hannu musamman wajen tallafawa fannonin jigogi da yawa, suna ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban PAU. <ref name="Africa"/> == Kungiyar tsofaffin daliban Jami’ar Pan African == An kafa Ƙungiyar Tsofaffin Daliban Jami'ar Pan African (PAUAA) don haɗawa da ƙarfafa masu digiri na PAU. Ƙungiyar tana haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka a tsakanin membobinta, sauƙaƙe damar sadarwar da raba ilimi. An nada mambobin ofishin na farko a yayin bikin kaddamar da hukumar ta PAUAA a hedikwatar Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka da ke Addis Ababa, Habasha a watan Disamba 2017. == Magana == rbdl8lmlnatglgtrky3mu8hdqr1e0y8 0 102882 891835 860975 2026-08-06T02:42:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:GreatLakesAfrica.jpg|thumb| Hoton tauraron dan adam na yankin Great Lakes na Afirka]] [[Fayil:African_Great_Lakes_Kingdoms,_c.1880.png|thumb| Masarautar Manyan Tafkunan Afirka, c.1880]] '''Masarautun Manyan Tafkuna na Afirka''' suna nufin [[Sarauta|masarautun]] tarihi masu yawa a yankin Manyan Tafkunan Afirka . Waɗannan mulkokin sun kasance a wani lokaci tsakanin ƙarni na sha ɗaya da na sha tara a matsayin masarautu masu cin gashin kansu, kuma suna da kamanni amma wasu lokuta mabanbanta al'adu, dabi'u da al'adu. An sami masarautun manyan tabkuna a kudu maso gabashin Afirka da wasu sassan [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]], a yankin arewa maso yammacin [[Tanzaniya]], kudancin [[Uganda]], wasu sassan [[Ruwanda]], [[Burundi]] da Gabashin [[Kongo Basin|Kongo]] . {{Columns-list|*[[Empire of Kitara]] *[[Bunyoro]] *[[Buganda]] *[[Tekedi]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell Allan|title=General History of Africa: Volume 4 |chapter=The Great Lakes region |pages=507 |year=1984 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000184287&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_e8290e53-1c69-4eee-83ac-fe9540a692fb%3F_%3D184287engo.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000184287/PDF/184287engo.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A437%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Padibe]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/> *[[Patongo]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/> *[[Alur people|Alur/Alero]] *[[Koc (kingdom)|Koc]]<ref name="General History of Africa">{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=James |last2=Chretien |first2=Jean-Pierre |title=General History of Africa |chapter=The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800 |pages=381–393 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=1992 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000134396&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_f751f656-39b6-4613-a403-0e71c4509ecd%3F_%3D134396engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl7340&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000134396/PDF/134396engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A360%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Rumbel|Wipac]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=James |last2=Chretien |first2=Jean-Pierre |title=General History of Africa |chapter=The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800 |pages=392–393 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=1992 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000134396&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_f751f656-39b6-4613-a403-0e71c4509ecd%3F_%3D134396engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl7340&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000134396/PDF/134396engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A360%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Kitagwenda]] *[[Kayonza]]<ref name="mulerasfireplace.com">{{cite journal |last1=Uzoigwe |first1=Godfrey |last2=Denoon |first2=Donald |title=A History of Kigezi in South-West Uganda |journal=International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=8 |publisher=Boston University African Studies Center |year=1975 |doi=10.2307/217613 |jstor=217613 |url=https://mulerasfireplace.com/kigyezi-2/history/|url-access=subscription }}</ref> *[[Kingizi]]<ref name="mulerasfireplace.com"/> *[[Bugisu]] *[[Bukedi]] *[[Kingdom of Burundi|Burundi]] *[[Busoga]] *[[Songora people|Busongora]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Songora People and their Culture in Uganda |url=https://www.govisitkenya.com/songora-people.html |access-date=18 Feb 2024 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531102733/https://www.govisitkenya.com/songora-people.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Busigi]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell Allan|title=General History of Africa: Volume 4 |chapter=The Great Lakes region |pages=517 |year=1984 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000184287&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_e8290e53-1c69-4eee-83ac-fe9540a692fb%3F_%3D184287engo.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000184287/PDF/184287engo.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A437%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Uvinza]] *[[Usangi]] *{{ill|Gizaka|fr|Gisaka}} *[[Kingdom of Igara|Igara]] *[[Nshenyi]] *[[Rujumbura]] *[[Kajara]] *[[Obwera]] *[[Kiga people|Rukiga/Bushengyera]] *[[Kingdom of Bugesera|Bugesera]] *[[Kingdom of Karagwe|Karagwe]] *[[Mwani people|Kimwani]] *[[Bushi (region)|Bashi]] *[[Bukunzi]] *[[Kinkoko|Kinkoko/Cyinkoko]]<ref name="unesdoc.unesco.org">{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=James |last2=Chretien |first2=Jean-Pierre |title=General History of Africa |chapter=The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800 |pages=398 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=1992 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000134396&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_f751f656-39b6-4613-a403-0e71c4509ecd%3F_%3D134396engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl7340&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000134396/PDF/134396engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A360%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Buhoma]]<ref name="unesdoc.unesco.org"/> *[[Bahavu]]<ref name="unesdoc.unesco.org"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huggins |first1=Chris |last2=Mastaki |first2=Christol |title=The political economy of land law and policy reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an institutional bricolage approach |journal=The Canadian Journal of Development Studies |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=260–278 |year=2019 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |doi=10.1080/02255189.2019.1683519 |s2cid=211315785 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02255189.2019.1683519?scroll=top&needAccess=true|url-access=subscription }}</ref> *[[Bukerebe|Bukerebe/Ukerebe]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=James |last2=Chretien |first2=Jean-Pierre |title=General History of Africa |chapter=The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800 |pages=398–402 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=1992 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000134396&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_f751f656-39b6-4613-a403-0e71c4509ecd%3F_%3D134396engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl7340&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000134396/PDF/134396engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A360%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Medard |first1=Henri |last2=Doyle |first2=Shane |title=Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa |date=16 November 2007 |publisher=Longhouse Publishing Services |isbn=978-0-8214-4574-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdAhDgAAQBAJ&dq=bukerebe+kingdom&pg=PT11}}</ref> *[[Kooki]] *[[Buzimba]] *[[Buhweju]] *[[Bunyaruguru]] *[[Ibanda]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Other Traditional States in Uganda |url=https://worldstatesmen.org/Uganda_native.html |access-date=26 February 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226210439/https://worldstatesmen.org/Uganda_native.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Kyania]] *[[Lango sub-region|Lango]] *[[Mpororo|Mpororo/Ndorwa]] *[[History of Rwanda#Middle ages|Mubari]] *[[Nkore]] *[[Rusubi|Rusubi/Ussuwi]]<ref name="unesdoc.unesco.org"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Katoke |first=Israel |title=The Making of the Karagwe Kingdom |chapter=The country |year=1970 |publisher=East African Publishing House |url=https://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/The-making-of-Karagwe-Kingdom-by-Israel-K-Katoke.pdf |access-date=2025-06-22 |archive-date=2023-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521045129/http://www.bunyorokitarausa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/The-making-of-Karagwe-Kingdom-by-Israel-K-Katoke.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=James |last2=Chretien |first2=Jean-Pierre |title=General History of Africa |chapter=The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800 |pages=402 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |year=1992 |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000134396&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_f751f656-39b6-4613-a403-0e71c4509ecd%3F_%3D134396engo.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl7340&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000134396/PDF/134396engo.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A360%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> *[[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]] *[[Rwenzururu]] *[[Sebei]] *[[Teso sub-region|Teso]] *[[Tooro Kingdom|Tooro]] *[[Luo peoples#Uganda|Palwo kingdoms]] (subset of [[Luo people|Luo]]): **[[Pawir Kingdom]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Ogot |first=Bethwell Allan|title=General History of Africa: Volume 4 |chapter=The Great Lakes region |pages=508–512 |year=1984 |publisher=UNESCO Publishing |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000184287&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_e8290e53-1c69-4eee-83ac-fe9540a692fb%3F_%3D184287engo.pdf&locale=en&multi=true&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000184287/PDF/184287engo.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A437%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D}}</ref> **[[Lira Paluo]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/> **[[Paimol]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/> *[[Ha people|Buha kingdoms]]: **[[Heru (kingdom)|Heru/Oha]]<ref name="The Ha of Tanganyika"/> **[[Nkalinzi|Nkalinzi/Manyovu]]<ref name="The Ha of Tanganyika"/> **[[Bushingo|Bushingo/Ushingo]]<ref name="The Ha of Tanganyika">{{cite journal |last1=Scherer |first1=J.H. |title=The Ha of Tanganyika |journal=Anthropos |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=841–904 |publisher=Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH |date=1959 |jstor=40453639 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40453639 |access-date=2024-02-17 |archive-date=2023-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624151314/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40453639 |url-status=live }}</ref> **[[Muhambwe]] **[[Buyungu]] **[[Luguru people|Luguru/Ruguru]] **[[Jiji people|Ujiji/Bujiji]]<ref name="The Ha of Tanganyika"/> **[[Bushubi]]<ref name="General History of Africa"/><ref>{{cite journal |last=McMaster |first=Mary |title=Language Shift and its Reflection in African Archaeology: Cord rouletting in the Uele and Interlacustrine regions |journal=Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa |date=2005 |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=49 |doi=10.1080/00672700509480413 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00672700509480413|url-access=subscription }}</ref> *[[Haya people|Buhaya]]:<ref>{{cite book |last=Weiss |first=Brad |title=The Making and Unmaking of the Haya Lived World |publisher=Duke University Press |date=1996 |isbn=0-8223-1722-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kK4nHoYkqgwC&q=lesser&pg=PA29 |access-date=2024-02-18 |archive-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227045822/https://books.google.com/books?id=kK4nHoYkqgwC&q=lesser&pg=PA29#v=snippet&q=lesser&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> **[[Kyamutwara]] ***later [[Lesser Kyamtwara]] **[[Kiziba]] **[[Ihangiro]] **[[Kianja/Kihanja]] **[[Maruku (kingdom)|Maruku]] **[[Bugabo]]|colwidth=12em}} == Tarihi == [[Mutanen Bantu]] sun gabatar da tsarin sarauta da manufar ikon da aka kafa a cikin yankin Manyan Tafkuna. Jagoranci na sarki ko babba abu ne na al'ada a yawancin al'ummomin Bantu amma ba ya nan a cikin Kudancin Sudan ta Tsakiya, Sog Gabashin Sahelian da Kudancin Kushitic waɗanda su ma ke zaune a yankin a matsayin makwabta. {{Blockquote|The exceptional role of the Niger-Congo Bantu-speakers manifested itself by their social capacity. Thus Bantu speech became the medium in which societies were organised. Bantu-speakers’ feature of inherited leadership on all levels of reality played a crucial part in the development of the centralised rule in the region."|Birgitta Farelius|title=Origins of Kingship Traditions and Symbolism in the Great Lakes Region of Africa|source=<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmdTAAAAYAAJ|title= Origins of Kingship Traditions and Symbolism in the Great Lakes Region of Africa|page=81, 165-167, 351|isbn=978-91-554-7295-5 |last1=Farelius |first1=Birgitta |date=2008 |publisher=Uppsala universitet }}</ref>}} Ko da yake wannan shigarwar ta yi magana ne kawai game da lokacin har zuwa ƙarshen karni na goma sha takwas, yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa tarihin farko na waɗannan siyasar da cikakkun bayanai da aka rubuta su dalla-dalla ne na tarihin karni na sha tara da ashirin da kuma yanayin da ya same su. Nkore (Ankole a zamanin mulkin mallaka) ya sami kansa a cikin Ƙauyen Biritaniya na Uganda kuma ya zama ginshiƙi na manufofin Kariya, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan masarautu huɗu kuma yana jin daɗin girman yanki mai girma a ƙarƙashin Kariyar fiye da yadda yake yi a zamanin mulkin mallaka. An kuma yi amfani da shi da kyau daga masu mishan daban-daban, masu ilimin ƙabilanci, masana ilimin ɗan adam, da masana tarihi. Buhaya ya kasance mai matsakaicin matsayi, ta hanyar siyasa mai dacewa a farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka da kuma wurin gudanar da mulkin mallaka na yanki a Bukoba. Sabanin haka, Karagwe ya fadi daga kasancewa daya daga cikin mafi karfi na jihohin karni na goma sha tara a cikin Manyan Tafkuna, matsayin da ya samu ta hanyar mamaye farkon hanyoyin kasuwancin [[Tekun Indiya]] -Great Lakes, zuwa ga rugujewa da duhu gaba daya ta 1916. Marubuta akan Karagwe sun yi ta kai ruwa rana kuma sun kasa samar da ɗimbin rubutu da ke samuwa ga Nkore, makwabciyarsa ta arewa. A cikin [[Tanzaniya]] mai zaman kanta, ƙarƙashin [[Julius Nyerere|Nyerere]], babu wani wuri kaɗan don irin wannan rashin daidaituwa, tsarin siyasa na farko na mulkin mallaka. <ref name="bookrags1">{{Cite web |date=2004-12-14 |title=Great Lakes Region: Karagwe, Nkore, And Buhaya from Encyclopedia of African History: Volume 1 A–G |url=http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/great-lakes-region-karagwe-nkore-and-tf/ |access-date=2011-01-10 |publisher=BookRags.com}}</ref> {{Blockquote|In much of the interlacustrine region, abundant rainfall and fertile soil supported a dense population, who produced a surplus which sustained courts and kings, and early European visitors wrote accounts of a land of plenty which attracted potential colonisers. It is easy to concentrate on the giants of the region—[[Buganda]], [[Bunyoro]], [[Kingdom of Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[Kingdom of Burundi|Burundi]] — to the neglect of their smaller neighbours, but there were over 200 polities in the region, some of them very small, as in Buha and Buzinza. There were 68 states in [[Busoga]] alone. Many of the states of the interlacustrine region — but not [[Buganda]] — were linked by various versions of the Cwezi saga.|[[Elizabeth Isichei]]}} Har ila yau, ba a san ainihin asalin daular da suka mamaye ba, kasancewar sun dogara da fassarar hadisai na baka. Bisa kima, a duk yankuna, dauloli sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun samo asali ne daga mutumin Chwezi, [[Wamara]] . Daga baya, mulki ya fada hannun Ruhinda, kuma zuriyar da yawa daga cikin dangin sarauta, waɗanda aka sani da [[Abahinda]] suka jawo shi kai tsaye zuwa gare shi. Fassarar waɗannan al'adun baka sun nuna cewa masu hali irin su Wamara da Ruhinda ƙila sun kasance shugabanni masu kwarjini, waɗanda bayan mutuwarsu, sun zama ruhohi masu mahimmanci waɗanda matsafa ke da alaƙa da ikon siyasa . Wuraren ibada zuwa Wamara da Ruhinda suna da alaƙa musamman da magudi da sarrafa haihuwa . <ref name="bookrags1"/> Wani muhimmin abin da ya shafi waɗannan siyasar shi ne dangi. Kowace siyasa ta kasance hadewar dangi, kuma kowace dangi ta ba da gudummawar muhimman abubuwa ga siyasar. Ƙungiyoyin da ke da hannu a cikin harkokin siyasa a matakin farko sun kasance ana ɗaukar su da matsayi mafi girma. Har ila yau, an haɗa dangi da ayyuka na musamman, kamar kiwon shanu, narke baƙin ƙarfe, da daidaita al'adu . Gidan sarauta sun zauna a saman wannan ƙungiyar kuma suna kula da halin da ake ciki a hankali, ta hanyar ba da ofisoshin musamman ga dangi na musamman da kuma karɓar mata ga sarki daga cikin dangi daban-daban. Don haka, mahaifiyar sarki da danginta suna da iko sosai a kowane sarauta, kuma wannan ikon ya taimaka wajen bayyana sabani na [[Haƙƙin magada|gado]] da al'adun baka suka bayyana akai-akai. <ref name="bookrags1"/> Waɗannan gyare-gyare masu sauƙi, ba shakka, suna rufe manyan tashe-tashen hankula da rikice-rikicen da suka wanzu a cikin waɗannan jihohin. An ba da haske game da irin wannan makirci na siyasa ta hanyar aikin tarihi wanda ya mayar da hankali kan wurin bautar [[Kaijja]], a cikin masarautar Maruku, kilomita ashirin kudu da Bukoba. Wurin shine wurin bautar gashani, ko muƙamuƙi, na sarki na ƙarni na goma sha bakwai da na sha takwas, [[Rugomora Mahe]], wanda aka ce ya mamaye wurin kuma ya kula da aikin ƙarfe a wurin. Wurin kuma muhimmin wurin ibada ne ga ruhin Chwezi, Wamara. Dukkanin jihohin Buhaya sun yi rikodin canji daga [[Hinda clan|Hinda]] zuwa sarakunan Bito a cikin karni na sha bakwai, dangane da tsawaita tasirin daular Bito daga Bunyoro. Mahimmanci, Rugomora Mahe ya kasance farkon mai mulkin Bito, kuma ana fassara alaƙarsa da wurin ibada a matsayin wani muhimmin sashe na rikicin al'ada tsakanin mabiya Hinda da ruhinsu, da kuma sabbin sarakunan Bito. A lokuta masu kama da haka, al'adun baka a Karagwe da Nkore sun rubuta kutse har ma da tsayin daka da sojojin Bunyoro suka yi, amma suna jaddada nasara na ƙarshe akan maharan. <ref name="bookrags1"/> A Nkore, an sami damar gano wuraren da ke da alaƙa da ikon siyasa, wanda ya wuce ƙarni da yawa a baya. Wuraren waɗannan wuraren sun nuna cewa farkon yankin Nkore yana cikin wani yanki mai ƙayyadaddun tsaunuka, Isingiro, kilomita ashirin kudu da tsakiyar zamani na Mbarara . Don haka shawarar ita ce, tun da farko waɗannan tsare-tsare ne na siyasa na gida-gida, wasu daga cikinsu sun faɗaɗa sannu a hankali. An fara samun karfin soja ta fuskar lambobi. Jihohin Buhaya duk kanana ne kuma da alama ba su da karfin soja sosai. Karagwe da alama yana da ƙarfin soji, kuma hakan na iya kasancewa saboda yawan yawan jama'a. Nkore, daga ƙaramin tushe, ba ya bayyana yana da fa'idar faɗaɗawa, ko mafi mahimmanci, iyawa, har sai manyan canje-canje a ƙungiyar sojan ta. Ƙirƙirar haraji na dindindin na sojoji, wanda aka sani da [[Emitwe]], ya ba da damar cinye yankuna kamar Mbororo da Buhweju da kuma kare garken da ke ƙaruwa daga maƙwabta masu ƙarfi zuwa arewa. <ref name="bookrags1"/> Yana da mahimmanci a jaddada cewa, a farkon matakan su, duk waɗannan siyasar sun kasance ƙanana kuma masu rauni. Musamman ma, ga dukkan alamu sun kasance masu saukin kamuwa da rigingimun gadoji, wadanda ake ganin su ne ke haifar da rikici. Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da muhimman canje-canje a cikin tsari da tsari kawai sun fara fitowa ne a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas, lokacin da wasu gwamnatoci suka fara neman bayan iyakokinsu don sababbin yankuna da albarkatu don sarrafawa. ===Karuwar Masarautun Makiyaya=== Tsakanin shekaru na 1000-1450AD, sauyin yanayi ya sa sassan yankin Manyan Tafuka (Great Lakes) suka zama masu bushewa. Sannu a hankali dazuzzuka suka ba da wuri ga filayen makiyaya, lamarin da ya kara wa masu garken shanu damar mallakar filaye da kuma tara dukiya. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar ikon siyasa ga makiyaya da kuma kafuwar wasu nau'ikan akidu na ruhaniya wadanda suka jaddada alaka tsakanin sarauta da shanu.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hXHEAAAQBAJ|title=African Kingdoms: An Encyclopedia of Empires and Civilizations|date=24 August 2017 |page=147|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-61069-580-0 }}</ref> Musamman ma a yankunan da suka fi bushewa na Ankole da Karagwe, an sami karuwar muhimmanci wajen banbance tsakanin Bahima masu kiwon shanu da kuma manoma. A shekarun baya, wadannan sana'o'i na tattalin arziki sun zama kusan masu banbanta da juna gaba daya kuma su ne suka zama tushen ginin azuzuwan al'umma (classes). To sai dai kuma, yana da muhimmanci a sani cewa ko da yake sarakuna gaba daya sun karkata ga kiwon dabbobi a matsayin salon rayuwa mafi kyau, koda a cikin karnoni na baya, sarkin ya kasance yana sama da rarrabuwar tsakanin kiwo da noma, inda yake gudanar da bukukuwan al'ada wadanda ke da mahimmanci ga duka nau'ikan tattalin arzikin guda biyu. Mafi mahimmanci, kowane wata sarakuna suna gudanar da rarrabuwar al'adun Sabon Wata wadanda ke tabbatar da albarkar kasa da haihuwar shanu. Bugu da kari, a kalla an dauki wasu sarakuna a matsayin makeran fari (amma ba masu narke danyen karfe ba). Misali mafi shahara na wannan shi ne sanya gudumar kera karfe a cikin alamomin sarauta na Karagwe, wanda gaba daya ake dangantawa da Omukama Ndagara a farkon karni na sha tara.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|title=Encyclopedia of African History, Volume 1|date=2005 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-57958-245-6 }}</ref> {{blockquote|Rikicin duniya na yanayin kasa da na zamantakewa da siyasa ya kara rura wutar takaddama da gasa tsakanin muradun manoma da masu kiwon shanu, wanda hakan ya zaburar da neman sabbin kasashe da sabuwar alaka. Sauyi ya fito ne daga barazanar cikin gida kuma kafa masarautu ya kasance mafi kyawun tsari na sake fasalin alaka tsakanin kabilu da yankuna. Da yawa daga cikin al'ummomin manoma sun wahala daga fari kuma an tilasta musu mayar da hankali kan kiwon dabbobi. Darajojin makiyaya sun girma cikin muhimmanci kuma ikon sarrafa cinikin nesa ta hanyar wasu sassa na musamman a cikin takaitaccen rukunin kabilu ya biya bukatar gishiri da ke karuwa tsakanin makiyaya.}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/59095|title=The story of Kintu and his sons: naming, ethnic identity formation and power in the precolonial Great Lakes Region of East Africa|work=ASC Working Paper Series |date=2017 |page=22-23 |last1=H. |first1=Schoenmakers }}</ref> ==Sana'ar Kira da Narkar da Karfe== Tun daga shekara ta 600 BCE, al'ummomin Bantu a Uganda suna kera bakin karfe mai inganci ta hanyar amfani da tanderun hura wuta da aka riga aka dumama, wata fasaha da aka samu a Turai kawai ta hanyar tsarin Siemons a tsakiyar karni na 19.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtB9BwAAQBAJ&q=Uganda|title = Metals in Past Societies: A Global Perspective on Indigenous African Metallurgy|isbn = 9783319116419|last1 = Chirikure|first1 = Shadreck|date = 18 March 2015| publisher=Springer }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noOWDwAAQBAJ&q=Southwest+uganda|title = Africa and the Indian Ocean World from Early Times to Circa 1900| publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn = 9780521810357}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Schmidt | first1=Peter R. | last2=Childs | first2=S. Terry | title=Ancient African Iron Production | journal=American Scientist | date=1995 | volume=83 | issue=6 | pages=524–533 | jstor=29775556 | bibcode=1995AmSci..83..524S | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29775556 }}</ref> Masanin ilimin bil'adama Peter Schmidt ya gano ta hanyar tattaunawa kan labaran baka cewa mutanen Haya a Tanzania suna kera karfe sama da shekaru 2000. Wannan binciken an yi shi ne cikin bazata yayin da Schmidt ke koyon tarihin mutanen Haya ta hanyar labaran baka na su. An kai shi wajen wata bishiya da aka ce tana kan madadin tanderun magabata da ake amfani da shi wajen kera karfe. Lokacin da aka ba wasu gungun dattawa aikin sake kera wadannan tanderun, wadanda a lokacin su kadai ne suka tuna da wannan al'ada saboda daina amfani da ita sakamakon yawan shigowar karfe cikin kasar daga kasashen waje. Duk da rashin yin aikinsu na tsawon lokaci, dattawan sun sami damar kera tanderu ta amfani da laka da ciyawa, wadanda idan aka kona su, suke samar da sinadarin carbon da ake bukata don canza danyen karfe zuwa ingantaccen karfe. Binciken da aka yi a yankin daga baya ya gano wasu tanderu guda 13 makamanciyar tsarin da dattawan suka sake kera shi. An gwada wadannan tanderun ta hanyar amfani da kimiyyar carbon kuma an gano cewa sun kai shekaru 2000 da haihuwa, yayin da karfe mai irin wannan inganci bai bayyana a Turai ba sai bayan wasu karnoni da dama.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM |title=Civilizations in Africa: The Iron Age South of the Sahara |publisher=Washington State University |access-date=14 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070619033436/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM |first1=Richard |last1=Hooker }}{{self-published inline|date=September 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515202606/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,912179,00.html?promoid=googlep Africa's Ancient Steelmakers]. ''Time'', 25 September 1978.</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Schmidt|first1=Peter|last2=Avery|first2=Donald|date=1983|title=More Evidence for an Advanced Prehistoric Iron Technology in Africa|journal=Journal of Field Archaeology|volume=10|issue=4|pages=421–434|doi=10.1179/009346983791504228}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Iron Technology in East Africa: Symbolism, Science, and Archaeology|last=Schmidt|first=Peter|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1997|location=Bloomington, IN}}{{page needed|date=September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Schmidt | first1=Peter R. | last2=Childs | first2=S. Terry | title=Ancient African Iron Production | journal=American Scientist | date=1995 | volume=83 | issue=6 | pages=524–533 | jstor=29775556 | bibcode=1995AmSci..83..524S | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29775556 }}</ref> An ce Bachwezi sun kasance kwararrun makera (sarakuna makera al'ada ce ta gama gari a cikin asalin kafuwar al'ummomin Bantu da dama).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3LbtAAAAMAAJ |title=The African Past Speaks: Essays on Oral Tradition and History|date=1980 |page=67|publisher=Dawson |isbn=978-0-208-01784-0 }}</ref> A cikin Masarautar Rwanda, makera sun kasance Hutu, amma a lokuta na musamman, ana hada sarki (wani Tutsi) a alamance a matsayin makeri (ko da yake ba makeri ba ne a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullum). Gudumai da yawa sun kasance bangare na kayan ado na sarki kuma sarki yana amfani da su yayin bukukuwa. An ajiye guduma guda daya (mai suna Nyarushara) kusa da gadon mwami, kuma wani kayan karfe da ke da alaka da sarautar Rwanda ana kiransa Nyamvura (wanda ke da ruwan sama). An dauki Mwami a matsayin "babban makeri" na kasa. An binne Mwami Cyirima Rujugira tare da makera guda biyu a gefen kansa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Pierre de Maret|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iS1AAAAIAAJ|title=The smith's myth and the origin of leadership in Central Afmca'|encyclopedia=African Iron Working, Ancient and Traditional| date=1985 |pages=73–87| isbn=978-82-00-07292-8 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C2tzBSAp3MC|title=A History of African Societies to 1870|page=90, 479|isbn=9780521455992|last1=Isichei|first1=Elizabeth|date=13 April 1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> A cikin Masarautar Burundi, makeri koyaushe yana kasancewa Hutu, amma ba Tutsi ba. Labarin al'ada ya nuna cewa sarki na farko na Burundi, Ntare Rushatsi (wanda ake cewa asalinsa Hutu ne) ya gabatar da aikin karfe da tagulla a kasar.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CU4lAnmnUhUC|title=Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture|date=1984 |page=45|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-208-01784-0 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C2tzBSAp3MC|title=A History of African Societies to 1870|page=90|isbn=9780521455992|last1=Isichei|first1=Elizabeth|date=13 April 1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> ==Noma== A cikin yankin Manyan Tafuka na Afirka, an yi amfani da dabarun noma na zamani kamar su "tsarin ban ruwa na injiniya a cikin duwatsu, wuraren shayarwa da mutane suka kera, karkatar da hanyoyin koguna, bututun jikin bishiyoyi da aka kware, ban ruwa a kan gangaren noma, tuddai a cikin fadama da aka kwashe musu ruwa, da ban ruwan gonakin ayaba da na bishiyar dabino" gami da amfani mai yawa da benen tuddai (terraces) da kuma yin noma sau biyu ko sau uku a shekara.Nasarar noma ta wannan wayewar kai ta Manyan Tafuka ita ce ta haifar da yawan jama'a mai yawa na ban mamaki. Masana da yawa na kasashen waje sun burge da ingancin dabarun gargajiya na yankin na noman gaba-da-gaba.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9781890951351/the-great-lakes of-africa|title=The Great Lakes of Africa|date=2006-09-22|isbn=978-1-890951-35-1|language=en|last1=Chrétien|first1=Jean-Pierre|publisher=Zone Books}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Blockquote |text="Kyawawan gonaki masu ban ruwa", gangaren tuddai dubu da aka yi wa terraces, inda ake amfani da kowane sashe na kasa, da "shanu masu kiba da manyan kaho" sun kasance "abubuwan ban mamaki na ganowa" ga mutanen Turai. Amma kuma har yanzu akwai manyan abubuwan mamaki da ke jiran su.|author=Christian P. Scherrer|source=''Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa: Conflict Roots, Mass Violence, and Regional War''}} Turawan farko da suka ziyarci Masarautar Rwanda sun lura da tsananin alfahari da dabarun noma. Mahaifiya tana iya ba jariri mai kuka abun wasa na fakin noma don ya yi wasa da shi, sannan akwai dabarun da galibi sun fi na manoman Gabashin Turai inganci, musamman amfani da taki, yin terraces, da ban ruwa na jabu.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC | isbn=9781139464246 | title=Africans: The History of a Continent | date=13 August 2007 | publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> Ba koyaushe ne turawan mulkin mallaka ke ba da ra'ayi mai kyau ko na nuna son kai ga makiyaya ba. Emin Pasha alal misali ya gano cewa Bahima sun fi manoman yankin baya, inda ya lura cewa matsugunansu suna da datti da rashin gyara:<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=41-42|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref> {{blockquote|Wannan mummunan hoto na wannan kwatanci — 'matsugunai masu datti da rashin kulawa' da rashin noma — yana nuna cewa Emin da kansa ya dauki makiyaya a matsayin wadanda ba su kai takwarorinsu manoma ba, wadanda yawanci masu lura na kasashen waje ke yaba musu saboda tsaf-tsaf da tsaftarsu. Wannan ya saba wa ra'ayi na kowa, cewa makiyaya sun ɗan fi gaban manoma a matakin wayewar kai.}}<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=42|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref> Ba abin mamaki ba ne, matsugunan noma na farko sun bayyana a yankin gabar teku mai rurruka na Buhaya, a gabar yammacin Tafkin Victoria. Binciken kayan tarihi ya nuna irin gagarumin aiki da aka yi, musamman ta fuskar narkar da karfe, tun a karnonin da suka gabata kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (BCE). Wadannan al'ummomi sun yi amfani da manyan dazuzzukan da ke akwai a lokacin, kuma bayan fara shuka doya da sauran amfanin gona na daji, mai yiwuwa sun zama kwararu wajen noman ayaba. Shaidun harshe da na kayan tarihi a Karagwe da Nkore a gefe guda, suna nuna zama a kusa da farkon karni na biyu, bisa ga karuwar amfani da shanu, wanda amfanin gona na hatsi ke tallafawa. Daga wadannan rukunonin ne babu shakka manyan sassan tsarin mulki suka bunkasa, kodayake har yanzu akwai karancin shaidu da za su tabbatar da dukkan tsarin.<ref name="bookrags1"/> Sabanin ra'ayin 'Hamitic hypothesis' da aka riga aka karyata, manoma ne suka kafa jihohi daban-daban kafin duk wani makiyayi ya sami muhimmancin siyasa. Tsakanin shekarun 1200-1500, ayyukan makiyaya sun kasance na gefe kuma ba su da wani tasiri. Alal misali, masarautar Buganda da masarautun Busoga daban-daban sun fito ne a matsayin jihohin daji wadanda tattalin arzikinsu ya dogara ne akan noma maimakon hadakar kiwo da noma da ke haifar da tsarin raba azuzuwan al'umma.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Africa_from_the_Twelfth_to_the_Sixteenth/9xn5zwEACAAJ?hl=en|title=Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century|page=521|editor-first=Djibril Tamsir |editor-last=Niane|editor-link=Djibril Tamsir Niane|publisher=University of California Press|date=1984|series=General History of Africa|volume=4}}</ref> ===Kiwon Dabbobi=== An bayyana wasu yankuna na yankin Manyan Tafuka a matsayin aljannar makiyaya. {{blockquote|Filayen ciyawa wadanda wannan fashewar ayyukan makiyaya ta fito daga gare su suna cikin mafi kyau a Afirka. Suna da ruwa mafi kyau fiye da savannas wadanda galibi ake daukarsu a matsayin gidan 'na gari' na makiyaya, kuma cikin sa'a sun guje wa annobar kudan tsando (tsetse fly), babban amfanin filayen ciyawa na Manyan Tafuka ya ba mutane damar kara karfin shanu, maimakon kawai amfani da su azaman hanyar rayuwa a wuraren da idan ba haka ba ba za a iya zama ba. A nan ne fiye da ko'ina a Afirka aka sami damar dorewar kiwo na musamman tare da hadin gwiwar al'ummomin manoma da kuma zabar shanu masu matsakaicin girma na nau'in da ba lallai ba ne ya jure fari sosai.}}<ref>{{cite journal | last =Sutton | first =John | date =2009 | title =The Antecedents of the Interlacustrine Kingdoms | url =https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/antecedents-of-the-interlacustrine-kingdoms/8C87C2A9A023B30C90C3F213488E803A | journal =The Journal of African History | publisher =Cambridge University Press | volume = 34| issue =1| pages = 39, 42| doi =10.1017/S0021853700032990| url-access =subscription }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|}} [[Rukuni:Tarihin Afirka]] 5wh5cp26fxlxws9dq29hxdx698zzdry 0 104909 891980 838211 2026-08-06T10:11:59Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da zaɓen Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na 1999 a Jihar Kano a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1999, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kano. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo wanda ke wakiltar Kano ta Arewa, Masʽud El-Jibril wanda ke wakilcin Kano ta Kudu, da Ibrahim Kura Mohammed wanda ke wakilci Kano ta Tsakiya sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA: parliamentary elections House of Representatives, 2003 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2363_03.htm |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections in Nigeria |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=africanelections.tripod.com |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021194836/https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Update |url=https://web.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd11-4.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=web.ccsu.edu |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527121943/https://web.ccsu.edu/AFSTUDY/upd11-4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] ![[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] |- !Kafin Zabe | | !3 |- !Bayan Zabe |3 |0 !3 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Sanata da aka zaba ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Arewacin Kano | | | |[[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kano ta Tsakiya | | | |[[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kudancin Kano | | | |[[Masʽud El-Jibril]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Arewacin Kano === [[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben. === Kano ta Tsakiya === [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-02 |title=Senators From 1999 Till Date - |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |access-date=2021-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820060841/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kudancin Kano === [[Masʽud El-Jibril]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SENATORS |url=https://dawodu.com/senator.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030815203121/http://dawodu.com:80/senator.htm |archive-date=2003-08-15 |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=dawodu.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t2gby0p6gqhwdhe2msl7t42hshsjdq2 891981 891980 2026-08-06T10:12:14Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da zaɓen Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na shekarar 1999 a Jihar Kano a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1999, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kano. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo wanda ke wakiltar Kano ta Arewa, Masʽud El-Jibril wanda ke wakilcin Kano ta Kudu, da Ibrahim Kura Mohammed wanda ke wakilci Kano ta Tsakiya sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA: parliamentary elections House of Representatives, 2003 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2363_03.htm |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections in Nigeria |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=africanelections.tripod.com |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021194836/https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Update |url=https://web.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd11-4.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=web.ccsu.edu |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527121943/https://web.ccsu.edu/AFSTUDY/upd11-4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] ![[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] |- !Kafin Zabe | | !3 |- !Bayan Zabe |3 |0 !3 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Sanata da aka zaba ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Arewacin Kano | | | |[[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kano ta Tsakiya | | | |[[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kudancin Kano | | | |[[Masʽud El-Jibril]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Arewacin Kano === [[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben. === Kano ta Tsakiya === [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-02 |title=Senators From 1999 Till Date - |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |access-date=2021-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820060841/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kudancin Kano === [[Masʽud El-Jibril]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SENATORS |url=https://dawodu.com/senator.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030815203121/http://dawodu.com:80/senator.htm |archive-date=2003-08-15 |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=dawodu.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lt4or213ajb1u61gkymaldhwkkz7t1z 891982 891981 2026-08-06T10:12:26Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da zaɓen Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya na shekarar 1999 a Jihar Kano a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1999, don zabar mambobin Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya don wakiltar Jihar Kano. Bello Hayatu Gwarzo wanda ke wakiltar Kano ta Arewa, Masʽud El-Jibril wanda ke wakilcin Kano ta Kudu, da Ibrahim Kura Mohammed wanda kuma ke wakilci Kano ta Tsakiya sun ci nasara a dandalin Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIGERIA: parliamentary elections House of Representatives, 2003 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2363_03.htm |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elections in Nigeria |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=africanelections.tripod.com |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021194836/https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Update |url=https://web.ccsu.edu/afstudy/upd11-4.html |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=web.ccsu.edu |archive-date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527121943/https://web.ccsu.edu/AFSTUDY/upd11-4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="vertical-align:bottom;" ! rowspan="3" |Kasancewa ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! rowspan="3" |Jimillar |- | style="background-color:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}}" | | style="background-color:{{party color|Alliance for Democracy (Nigeria)}}" | |- ![[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] ![[Alliance for Democracy (Nijeriya)|AD]] |- !Kafin Zabe | | !3 |- !Bayan Zabe |3 |0 !3 |- |} == Takaitaccen Bayani == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:95%;line-height:14px;" ! class="unsortable" |Gundumar ! class="unsortable" |Mai mulki ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar ! class="unsortable" |Sanata da aka zaba ! colspan="2" |Jam'iyyar |- |Arewacin Kano | | | |[[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kano ta Tsakiya | | | |[[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |- |Kudancin Kano | | | |[[Masʽud El-Jibril]] | style="background:{{party color|Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)}};" | |[[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] |} == Sakamakon == === Arewacin Kano === [[Bello Hayatu Gwarzo]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben. === Kano ta Tsakiya === [[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-02 |title=Senators From 1999 Till Date - |url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |access-date=2021-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820060841/https://rainbownigeria.com/2020/12/02/senators-from-1999-till-date/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kudancin Kano === [[Masʽud El-Jibril]] na jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party ne ya lashe zaben.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SENATORS |url=https://dawodu.com/senator.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030815203121/http://dawodu.com:80/senator.htm |archive-date=2003-08-15 |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=dawodu.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rv4ncetgsfip5zyir2983u2sskn4kx3 0 105219 892011 667631 2026-08-06T10:28:53Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamal Oyekunle Fagbemi''' (an haife shi 28 ga Afrilun shekarar 1963) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma memba na majalisa ta 8 mai wakiltar mazabar Oke-ogun a majalisar dokokin jihar Kwara.<ref>Hon. Kamal Oyekunle Fagbemi". Kwara State House of Assembly. Retrieved 7 January 2025</ref><ref>7th Assembly Members". Kwara State House of Assembly. Retrieved 8 January 2025.</ref><ref>Kwara lawmakers want Oke-kura prison relocated - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com/. 24 December 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2025</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] rql20btv4oeah38b7177y5s91vibb3y 0 105788 891953 876535 2026-08-06T09:28:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Justus Abonyo Nyang'aya''' kwararre ne a fannin ci gaban zamantakewa kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin ɗan Adam<ref>Nation,18 Dec 2013 [https://nation.africa/kenya/news/human-rights-defender-justus-nyang-aya-shot-in-rongai-928276/ Human rights defender Justus Nyang'aya shot in Rongai]</ref><ref>Business Daily Africa, 10 Mar 2016 [https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/the-man-who-cares-about-your-rights--2110546/ The man who cares about your rights]</ref> wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishina a hukumar zaɓe ta [[Kenya]] IEBC har zuwa ranar 2 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 2022.<ref>Standard, 2 Dec 2022 [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001462253/iebc-commissioner-justus-nyangaya-resigns/ IEBC commissioner Justus Nyang'aya resigns amid probe]</ref><ref>The-Star, 2 Dec 2022 [https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-02-iebc-commissioner-justus-nyangaya-resigns/ IEBC Commissioner Justus Nyang'aya resigns]</ref> Ya jagoranci kwamitin fasahar bayanai da sadarwa. Yana ɗaya daga cikin kwamishinoni huɗu banda Juliana Cherera, Irene Masit, da Francis Wanderi waɗanda suka yi watsi<ref>Citizen Digital, 17 Aug 2022 [https://www.citizen.digital/news/justus-nyangaya-humanitarian-caught-at-the-centre-of-iebc-storm-n304051/ Justus Nyang’aya: Humanitarian Caught At The Centre Of IEBC Storm]</ref> da sakamakon zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Kenya a shekarar ta 2022<ref>KDRTV, 17 Aug 2022 [https://www.kdrtv.co.ke/politics/little-known-details-of-iebc-commissioner-justice-nyangaya-who-disputed-chebukatis-presidential-results/ Little Known Details Of IEBC Commissioner Justus Nyang’aya Who Disputed Chebukati’s Presidential Results]</ref><ref>Whisper North, 18 Aug 2022 [https://www.whispersnorth.com/justus-nyangaya-caught-at-the-centre-of-iebc-storm/ Justus Nyang’aya caught at the centre of IEBC storm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017054015/https://www.whispersnorth.com/justus-nyangaya-caught-at-the-centre-of-iebc-storm/ |date=2022-10-17 }}</ref><ref>Nation, 27 Aug 2022 [https://nation.africa/kenya/news/commissioner-nyang-aya-foreigner-3-iebc-staff-accessed-server-and-tampered-with-results-3927824/ Commissioner Nyang'aya: Foreigner, 3 IEBC staff accessed server and tampered with results]</ref> wanda shugaba Wafula Chebukati ya karanta. == Sana'a == Justus Nyang`aya kwararre ne kan Ilimin Zaman Lafiya tare da UNESCO-PEER na tsawon shekara guda har zuwa shekara ta 1988 kafin ya zama mai ba da shawara kan ilimin 'yan gudun hijira a Windle Charitable Trust na tsawon watanni 27 daga watan Maris shekara ta 1988. Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa a Inter Sudanese Consultations on Peace & Justice (ISCOP) na tsawon shekara guda daga shekarun 2004. Daga tsakiyar shekarun 2009 ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta<ref>Standard, 10 Mar 2013 [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2000100349/amnesty-international-kenya-director-shot-wounded-in-ongata-rongai?articleID=2000100349&pageNo=2&story_title=amnesty-international-kenya-director-shot-wounded-in-ongata-rongai/ Amnesty International Kenya director shot, wounded in Ongata Rongai]</ref> na Ƙasa na [[Amnesty International]] sama da shekaru takwas da rabi kafin ya ci gaba da zama babban jami’in gudanarwa a Leadership Education For Africa Development (LEAD Africa) a watan Janairu 2018 inda ya yi aiki na ƙasa da shekaru huɗu kafin a naɗa shi kwamishina a IEBC a ranar 2 ga watan Satumba 2021 kan cikakken lokaci.<ref>Citizen Digital, 2 Sep 2021 [https://www.citizen.digital/news/four-new-iebc-commissioners-take-oath-of-office-13098653/ Four New IEBC Commissioners Take Oath Of Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171400/https://www.citizen.digital/news/four-new-iebc-commissioners-take-oath-of-office-13098653/ |date=2022-09-20 }}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba 2022.<ref>Nation, 2 Dec 2022 [https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/justus-nyang-aya-resigns-as-commissioner-of-iebc-4041374/ Justus Nyang’aya resigns as commissioner of IEBC]</ref> == Ilimi == Justus ya yi matakinsa na 'A' a makarantar sakandare ta Kanunga da ke Kiambaa, gundumar Kiambu. Yana da Diploma a Jagoranci, Gudanar da Mulki, Zaman Lafiya da Canjin Rikici da Jagorancin Ƙungiya daga Jami'ar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], ([[Jodan|Jordan]]) da kuma Jagoran Fasaha (Ilimi) daga Cibiyar Ilimi, Jami'ar London. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dj8c45kosy1v90c9on18mdd7s4rxh1s 0 108089 891873 810029 2026-08-06T05:32:11Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2025''', ko taron bangarorin UNFCCC, wanda aka fi sani da COP30, shine taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 30 mai zuwa, wanda za a gudanar a Belém, [[Brazil]], daga 10 zuwa 21 ga Nuwamba 2025.<ref>Governo confirma que Belém sediará COP30, em meio a tensões entre Congresso e MMA". O Globo. 26 May 2023. Retrieved 2023-05-26.</ref> Shugaban kasar Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ne ya sanar da takarar birnin yayin ziyararsa zuwa COP 27, wanda aka gudanar a Sharm El Sheikh, Masar, kuma ya ba da izini a cikin Janairu 2023. BBC ta ruwaito cewa an yi amfani da taron ne a matsayin hujja don gina sabuwar babbar hanyar da ta ratsa cikin dajin damina. Masu shirya COP30 da jihar Pará sun musanta duk wata hanyar haɗin kai kai tsaye. A halin da ake ciki Amurka a karkashin shugaba Trump sun rufe ofishinsu na diflomasiyyar yanayi.<ref>Scholz: US risks missing economic gains from climate action". DW. Retrieved 2025-04-26</ref> == Kafin taron == An gudanar da jerin ayyukan gine-gine da farfado da karamar hukumar da nufin inganta ababen more rayuwa na birnin tare da dabaru masu dorewa. An yi wani sabon fili da ya kewaye daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin birnin, da kuma najasa da na'urorin hana ambaliya. A cikin Janairu 2025, Shugaba Lula ya nada jami'in diflomasiyyar Brazil André Corrêa do Lago a matsayin shugaban COP. Masu fafutukar sauyin yanayi na Brazil sun yaba da shawarar da aka yi la'akari da tarihin Lago na jagorantar tattaunawa game da batun sauyin yanayi, da dai sauransu. Lago tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya ne a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen kasar kuma ya dade yana tattaunawa kan yanayi. Masu halarta da yawa sun koka a bainar jama'a game da tsadar masauki na COP30, tare da jeri ɗaya akan Airbnb farashinsa akan dalar Amurka $9,320 kowace rana, sama da ƙimar $11 na yau da kullun, da gidan mutum ɗaya akan Booking.com yana zuwa $15,266 kowace dare. Dangane da mayar da martani, gwamnatin Brazil ta ce tana shirin samar da karin gadaje 26,000, da suka hada da filayen jiragen ruwa, a makarantu, da sabbin otal-otal, da wuraren sojoji. A cikin Maris 2025, wani labarin BBC ya ba da rahoton cewa sabuwar babbar hanya mai lamba hudu (Avenida Liberdade), wacce aka amince da aikinta a cikin 2024 kuma tana kan aiki, an ƙaddara ta don sauƙaƙe zirga-zirga a cikin shirye-shiryen COP30. Aikin ya jawo suka daga mazauna kusa da kuma masu kiyayewa saboda lalata dajin Amazon, da sakamakonsa kan yanayi, bambancin halittu da al'ummomin gida. Masu shirya COP30 sun ce kanun labarai na BBC "masu yaudara ne", saboda aikin ba ya karkashin alhaki na tarayya ko kuma wani bangare na ayyukan samar da ababen more rayuwa na COP30.[5] Bayan buga rahoton na BBC, jihar Pará ta musanta duk wata alaka, tana mai jaddada cewa an shirya aikin tun a kalla 2020 (kafin a zabi mai masaukin baki na COP30 a 2023) kuma ba ta samu wani kudi na tarayya ba. Yayin da aka tattauna aikin tun 2012, wasu sun yi imanin cewa COP ya ba da hujjar da ta dace don fara aikin. Jihar Pará a baya ta ambaci COP a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aikin ke yi.<ref>Planeta Verde - Floresta desmatada para abrir avenida: obras em Belém para a COP30 falham na sustentabilidade". RFI (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2025-02-20. Retrieved 2025-03-21</ref> == Ajandar taro == === NDCs === Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddara Ƙaddamarwa ta Ƙasa, kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar [[Faris|Paris]], kowace ƙasa za ta buga ta a watan Fabrairun 2025. Ya zuwa Afrilu 2025, kasashe 19 ne kawai suka gabatar da nasu. === Hanyar Baku zuwa Belém zuwa 1.3T === Jam'iyyu a COP29 a [[Baku]] sun amince da "dukkan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo su yi aiki tare don ba da damar haɓaka samar da kudade ga ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa don aiwatar da sauyin yanayi daga dukkan kafofin jama'a da masu zaman kansu zuwa akalla dala tiriliyan 1.3 a kowace shekara nan da 2035", a matsayin "Taswirar Baku zuwa Belém zuwa 1.3T" Ana sa ran yin shawarwari kan yadda za a kara yawan kudaden da ake kashewa kan sauyin yanayi daga dala biliyan 300 da aka amince a Baku zuwa dala tiriliyan 1.3. ==== TFFF ==== Brazil, shugabar COP30, ta yi niyyar ƙaddamar da gandun daji na Tropical Forever a matsayin nasarar sa hannu a Belem. Dala biliyan 125 na hada-hadar kudade na hada-hadar kudi na da nufin kammala saka hannun jari daga masu ba da tallafi ta hanyar COP30 don fara biyan kuɗi don ba da lada don kiyaye gandun daji a cikin ƙasashe masu zafi a cikin 2026. Ana sa ran ƙarin cikakkun bayanai bayan taron SB 62 a Bonn a watan Yuni 2025.<ref>"June Climate Meetings (SB 62)". UNFCCC. Archived from the original on 2025-04-04. Retrieved 2025-04-26.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Sauyin Yanayi]] 6uwv3rk7nx6np88ujrh22lbf7jnvv2b 0 108105 892092 678325 2026-08-06T11:38:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892092 wikitext text/x-wiki Daga shekarun 1980 zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 2000, ExxonMobil ya kasance jagora a musanta canjin yanayi, yana adawa da [[Dokokin farko da na biyu|ka'idoji]] rage [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]]. Misali, ExxonMobil ya kasance babban tasiri wajen hana tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta Amurkau<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=van den Hove |first=Sybille |last2=Le Menestrel |first2=Marc |last3=de Bettignies |first3=Henri-Claude |date=2002 |title=The oil industry and climate change: strategies and ethical dilemmas |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/cpol.2002.0202 |journal=Climate Policy |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=3–18 |bibcode=2002CliPo...2....3V |doi=10.3763/cpol.2002.0202 |issn=1469-3062 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ExxonMobil ta ba da tallafin kungiyoyi masu sukar Yarjejeniyar Kyoto da neman lalata ra'ayin jama'a game da yarjejeniyar kimiyya cewa dumamar duniya ta haifar da ƙone man fetur. Daga cikin Manyan kamfanonin mai, ExxonMobil ya kasance mafi aiki a cikin muhawara game da canjin yanayi.<ref name=":6" /> Dangane da bincike na 2007 da Union of Concerned Scientists ta yi, kamfanin ya yi amfani da yawancin dabarun, dabaru, kungiyoyi, da ma'aikatan da Masana'antar taba ta yi amfani da su wajen musanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin ciwon huhu da shan sigari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/smoke-mirrors-hot-air |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=www.ucsusa.org |language=en}}</ref> ExxonMobil ta ba da kuɗi, a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Kasuwanci, Cibiyar George C. Marshall, Cibiyar Heartland, Majalisar musayar dokokin Amurka da Cibiyar Manufofin Duniya. : 67 Tsakanin 1998 da 2004, ExxonMobil ta ba da dala miliyan 16 ga kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari waɗanda suka yi jayayya da tasirin dumamar yanayi na duniya. Daga 1989 har zuwa Afrilu 2010, ExxonMobil da wanda ya riga shi Mobil sun sayi tallace-tallace na yau da kullun a cikin The New York Times, The Washington Post, da The Wall Street Journal suna da'awar cewa kimiyyar canjin yanayi ba ta da tabbas.&nbsp; Wani bincike da aka gudanar ta The Carbon Brief a cikin 2011 ya gano cewa 9 daga cikin 10 daga cikin marubuta masu yawa waɗanda suka yi shakku game da canjin yanayi ko kuma suka yi magana game da shi suna da alaƙa da ExxonMobil. Greenpeace sun ce masana'antun Koch sun saka hannun jari sama da dala miliyan 50 a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata kan yada shakku game da canjin yanayi.<ref name="ExxonMobil and Koch Industries denial funding">{{Cite web |date=2011-05-10 |title=9 out of 10 top climate change deniers linked with Exxon Mobil |url=http://www.zmescience.com/ecology/climate-change-papers-exxon-mobil/}}</ref><ref name="CarbonBrief Study: 9 out of top 10 authors linked to ExxonMobil">{{Cite web |title=Analysing the '900 papers supporting climate scepticism': 9 out of top 10 authors linked to ExxonMobil |url=http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2011/04/900-papers-supporting-climate-scepticism-exxon-links/ |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2011-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416033218/http://www.carbonbrief.org/blog/2011/04/900-papers-supporting-climate-scepticism-exxon-links/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Greenpeace Study: Exposing the dirty money behind fake climate science">{{Cite web |title=Exposing the dirty money behind fake climate science |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/dirty-money-climate-30032010/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507150015/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/dirty-money-climate-30032010/ |archive-date=7 May 2010 |access-date=17 November 2023}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1970s, ExxonMobil da wadanda suka gabace shi sun shiga cikin binciken yanayi da ke mai da hankali kan dumamar duniya. Daga ƙarshen 1970s da kuma cikin 1980s, Exxon ta ba da kuɗin haɗin gwiwar ciki da jami'a, gabaɗaya daidai da ci gaban tsarin kimiyya na jama'a. Wani bita a cikin ya gano cewa tsinkayen dumamar duniya da aka rubuta da kuma samfuran da masana kimiyya na ExxonMobil suka kirkira tsakanin 1977 da 2003 sun "daidai" da kuma "da ƙwarewa" tsara dumamar duniya saboda ƙonewar man fetur, kuma sun kiyasta yadda yawan CO zai haifar da dumamar haɗari. Marubutan takardar sun kammala cewa: "Duk da haka, yayin da masana kimiyya da gwamnati suka yi aiki don sadarwa da abin da suka sani ga jama'a, ExxonMobil ya yi aiki don musanta shi. "<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Supran |first=G. |last2=Rahmstorf |first2=S. |last3=Oreskes |first3=N. |date=2023-01-13 |title=Assessing ExxonMobil's global warming projections |journal=Science |language=en |volume=379 |issue=6628 |pages=eabk0063 |bibcode=2023Sci...379.0063S |doi=10.1126/science.abk0063 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=36634176 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Milman |first=Oliver |title=Revealed: Exxon made 'breathtakingly' accurate climate predictions in 1970s and '80s |url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2023/01/revealed-exxon-made-breathtakingly-accurate-climate-predictions-in-1970s-and-80s/ |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, ExxonMobil ta fitar da wani rahoto da ya amince da hadarin canjin yanayi a karon farko. ExxonMobil ya yi hasashen cewa karuwar yawan jama'a a duniya, karuwar yanayin rayuwa da karuwar damar samun makamashi zai haifar da karamin hayaki. A cikin 2015, ta nuna goyon baya ga harajin carbon. A cikin 2015, Babban Lauyan New York ya kaddamar da bincike ko maganganun ExxonMobil ga masu saka hannun jari sun dace da shekarun da kamfanin ya yi na bincike na kimiyya mai zurfi. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2018, bisa ga wannan binciken, [[Mutane v. Exxon Mobil|Jihar New York ta kai ExxonMobil karar]], wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa kamfanin ya yaudari masu hannun jari ta hanyar rage haɗarin canjin yanayi ga kasuwancin sa. == Binciken kansa == Daga ƙarshen 1970s zuwa 1980s, Exxon, ɗaya daga cikin magabata na ExxonMobil, ya yi suna a cikin jama'a a matsayin majagaba a cikin binciken sauyin yanayi. Exxon ya ba da gudummawar haɗin gwiwa na ciki da na jami'a, gabaɗaya daidai da haɓaka tsarin kimiyyar jama'a, kuma ya haɓaka suna don ƙwarewa a cikin iskar carbon dioxide (CO2). Tsakanin 1970s da 2015, Exxon da ExxonMobil masu bincike da masu haɗin gwiwar ilimi sun buga takaddun bincike da yawa. ExxonMobil ya ba da jerin abubuwan da aka ambata sama da 50 daga wancan lokacin.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banerjee|Song|Hasemyer|2015b}}: "ExxonMobil scientists have been involved in climate research and related policy analysis for more than 30 years, yielding more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed publications."</ref><ref name="EMP102115">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Ken |title=When it Come to Climate Change, Read the Documents |url=http://www.exxonmobilperspectives.com/2015/10/21/when-it-comes-to-climate-change-read-the-documents/ |access-date=Jan 31, 2016 |website=ExxonMobil Perspectives |publisher=ExxonMobil |archive-date=March 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325002703/http://www.exxonmobilperspectives.com/2015/10/21/when-it-comes-to-climate-change-read-the-documents/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yulin 1977, wani babban masanin kimiyya na Exxon, James Black, ya ba da rahoton ga shugabannin kamfanin cewa akwai yarjejeniyar kimiyya ta gaba ɗaya a wannan lokacin cewa ƙone man fetur shine hanyar da ta fi dacewa da bil'adama ke rinjayar canjin yanayi na duniya. A cikin 1979-1982, Exxon ya gudanar da shirin bincike na canjin yanayi da ƙirar yanayi, gami da aikin bincike na samar da babbar jirgin ruwa mai suna ''Esso Atlantic'' tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje da na'urori masu auna sigina don auna shawar carbon dioxide ta teku. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=Edward |last2=Prahl |first2=Fred |last3=Nazimek |first3=Kenneth |last4=Shaw |first4=Henry |date=March 1982 |title=Exxon Global {{CO2}} Measurement System |journal=IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=32–36 |bibcode=1982ITIM...31...32G |doi=10.1109/TIM.1982.6312509 |s2cid=9477708}}</ref> A cikin 1980, Exxon ya lura cewa man fetur na roba yana ƙara hayakin CO2 akan kwatankwacin man fetur.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Shaw|McCall|1980}}</ref> Exxon ya kuma yi nazarin hanyoyin kauce wa hayaki na CO2 idan za a bunkasa Filin iskar gas na Gabashin Natuna (Natuna D-Alpha block) daga Indonesia. A cikin 1981, Exxon ya canza mayar da hankali ga binciken sa zuwa [[Tsarin yanayi]]. A cikin 1982, ofishin harkokin muhalli na Exxon ya rarraba wani rahoto na ciki ga gudanarwar Exxon wanda ya ce [[Tasirin canjin yanayi|Sakamakon canjin yanayi]] na iya zama bala'i, kuma cewa raguwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da man fetur zai zama dole don rage canjin yanayi a nan gaba. Ya kuma ce "akwai damuwa tsakanin wasu kungiyoyin kimiyya cewa da zarar tasirin ya kasance mai auna, bazai iya juyawa ba".<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banerjee|Song|Hasemyer|2015a}}</ref> == Manazarta == o8v3ikak64sddax9ajq941edvzmlmg7 0 108790 891930 679259 2026-08-06T07:40:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Lars Joseph Ceesay''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1998) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Italiya Serie B Empoli . An haife shi a Sweden, yana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon Kafa ta Kasa, Gambiya|Gambiya]] government a matakin kasa da kasa. == Ayyukan kulob din == Ceesay ya fara buga kwallon kafa a Hässelby SK . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2018 |title=Brages Joseph Ceesay inför lördagens match |url=http://ikbrage.se/nyheter/brages-joseph-ceesay-infor-lordagens-match |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117152847/https://ikbrage.se/nyheter/brages-joseph-ceesay-infor-lordagens-match |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=IK Brage |language=sv-SE}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008 ya koma IF Brommapojkarna, wanda aka fi sani da makarantar matasa. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2013, Ceesay ya koma wani kulob a Yankin Stockholm, Djurgården . A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2016 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar A-team ta farko tare da Djurgården; kwangilar shekaru 3.5. A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2017, an ba da rancensa ga Vasalunds IF kuma ya zira kwallaye a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017 a kan Enskede IK . A watan Yulin 2017, an ba da rancen Ceesay ga IK Frej don sauran kakar shekarar 2017. A watan Disamba, an tsawaita rancen har zuwa karshen shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiellt: Djurgården lånar ut Joseph Ceesay till Frej |url=http://fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/87103 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Fotbolltransfers.com |language=sv}}</ref> An kira shi zuwa Djurgården a watan Yulin shekarar 2018, kawai don a tura shi aro zuwa IK Brage wata daya bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiellt: Djurgårdens IF kallar tillbaka Joseph Ceesay |url=http://fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/95643 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Fotbolltransfers.com |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiellt: IK Brage lånar Joseph Ceesay |url=http://fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/96992 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=Fotbolltransfers.com |language=sv}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekarar ta 2019 an sake ba da rancensa, a wannan lokacin ga Dalkurd, don kakar shekarar ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Välkommen till Dalkurd, Joseph Ceesay - Dalkurd FF |url=https://dalkurd.se/2019/01/28/valkommen-till-dalkurd-joseph-ceesay/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181734/https://dalkurd.se/2019/01/28/valkommen-till-dalkurd-joseph-ceesay/ |archive-date=29 January 2019 |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar ta 2019, ya sanya hannu tare da Helsingborgs IF kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joseph Ceesay klar för HIF |url=http://www.hif.se/news/joseph-ceesay-klar-hif/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011224317/http://www.hif.se/news/joseph-ceesay-klar-hif/ |archive-date=11 October 2020 |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=HIF |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2022, Ceesay ya sanya hannu tare da Malmö FF. A ranar 23 ga watan Maris shekarar ta 2024, an yanke shawarar cewa Ceesay zai shiga IFK Norrköping a kan aro har zuwa lokacin canja wurin bazara. Ya koma Malmö FF bayan ya ki amincewa da tsawaita rancen, duk da sha'awar kungiyoyin biyu don ya kasance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Officiellt: Joseph Ceesay lämnar IFK Norrköping |url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/allsvenskan/officiellt-joseph-ceesay-lamnar-ifk-norrkoping/ |access-date=27 July 2024 |website=Fotbollskanalen.se}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2024, sabbin 'yan wasan Jerin B Cesena sun sanar da cewa Ceesay ya shiga aro tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-26 |title=Joseph Ceesay Joins Cesena FC |url=https://cesenafc.com/en/news/2024/7/26/joseph-ceesay-joins-cesena-fc |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=IFK Norrköping |language=sv-SE |archive-date=2024-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727192130/https://cesenafc.com/en/news/2024/7/26/joseph-ceesay-joins-cesena-fc |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekarar ta 2025, Ceesay ya shiga kungiyar Empoli ta Serie B har abada. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == An haife shi a Sweden, Ceesay ya fito ne daga asalin Gambiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2022 |title=Kan byta bort Sverige mot afrikanska succén |url=https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/kan-byta-bort-sverige--mot-afrikanska-succen/ |website=www.expressen.se}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Oktoba shekarar ta 2020, an kira shi zuwa sansanin horar da tawagar Sweden U21 a [[Helsingborg]])" id="mwVw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Olympia (Helsingborg)">Olympia, Helsingborg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2020 |title=Ändringar i truppen – Tre U21-debutanter kallas in - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2020/10/Andringar-i-truppen-Tre-U21-debutanter-kallas-in/ |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Bai bayyana a wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro U-21 da aka shirya ba da Luxembourg da Armenia. <ref>{{Cite web |last=LiveScore |first=SofaScore com |title=Sweden U21 Luxembourg U21 live score, video stream and H2H results - SofaScore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/luxembourg-u21-sweden-u21/TVbsOvc |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=www.sofascore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=LiveScore |first=SofaScore com |title=Sweden U21 Armenia U21 live score, video stream and H2H results - SofaScore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/armenia-u21-sweden-u21/TVbstvc |access-date=8 October 2020 |website=www.sofascore.com |language=en}}</ref> Ceesay ya fara bugawa tawagar Gambiya wasa a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba watan 2024 a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka da Comoros a Filin wasa na Ben M'Hamed El Abdi, Morocco . Ya buga cikakken wasan yayin da ya ƙare a 1-1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2024 |title=Comoros v Gambia game report |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/715393/gambia-comoros |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Yayansa [[Jesper Ceesay]] yana buga government wa IFK Norrköping wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jesper Ceesay |url=https://ifknorrkoping.se/vara-lag/ifk-norrkoping-herr/jesper-ceesay/ |access-date=18 July 2023 |website=ifknorrkoping.se |publisher=IFK Norrköping |language=Swedish}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Malmö FF''' * Allsvenskan: 2023 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|1}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d1n8o55ag52rd51n3zak7t5larb9api 0 109227 891862 815736 2026-08-06T05:26:23Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}An yi Yaƙin Matabele na farko tsakanin 1893 da 1894 a [[Zimbabwe]] ta zamani. Ya sanya Kamfanin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] na Burtaniya a kan Masarautar Ndebele (Matabele). Lobengula, sarkin Ndebele, ya yi ƙoƙari ya guje wa yaƙi kai tsaye tare da majagaba na kamfanin saboda shi da masu ba shi shawara sun yi hankali game da ikon lalata makamai da aka samar a Turai a kan Matabele impis na gargajiya (rukunin mayaƙa) da ke kai farmaki a cikin manyan rukuni. Lobengula ya ruwaito zai iya tara makamai 80,000 da 'yan bindiga 20,000, dauke da bindigogi na Martini-Henry, wadanda makamai ne na zamani a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, rashin horo na iya haifar da ba a yi amfani da makamai yadda ya kamata ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] An yi Yaƙin Matabele na farko tsakanin 1893 da 1894 a Zimbabwe ta zamani. Ya sanya Kamfanin Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya a kan Masarautar Ndebele (Matabele). Lobengula, sarkin Ndebele, ya yi ƙoƙari ya guje wa yaƙi kai tsaye tare da majagaba na kamfanin saboda shi da masu ba shi shawara sun yi hankali game da ikon lalata makamai da aka samar a Turai a kan Matabele impis na gargajiya (rukunin mayaƙa) da ke kai farmaki a cikin manyan rukuni. Lobengula ya ruwaito zai iya tara makamai 80,000 da 'yan bindiga 20,000, dauke da bindigogi na Martini-Henry, wadanda makamai ne na zamani a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, rashin horo na iya haifar da ba a yi amfani da makamai yadda ya kamata ba. ==Abubuwan da suka haifar da yaƙi== Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta amince da cewa Kamfanin Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya zai gudanarwa da yankin da ya kai daga Limpopo zuwa Zambezi a karkashin sashin sarauta. Sarauniya Victoria ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a 1889. Cecil Rhodes ya yi amfani da wannan takardar a cikin 1890 don tabbatar da aikawa da Pioneer Column, ƙungiyar mazauna da 'Yan sanda na Kamfanin Afirka ta Kudu na Burtaniya (BSAP) suka kare kuma babban mai farauta Frederick Selous ya jagoranta, ta hanyar Matabeleland da yankin Shona don kafa Fort Salisbury <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Matabele_War#CITEREFPakenham1991</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1891 da 1892, Lobengula ya tabbatar da cewa an tura jam'iyyun da ya kai hari daga manyan wuraren da suka yi niyya a Mashonaland don haka ya hana yiwuwar rikici tsakanin samari kwamandojinsa masu himma da fararen mazauna.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Matabele_War#CITEREFKnight-Bruce1892</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 1893, wani shugaban a cikin gundumar Victoria mai suna Gomara ya ki biyan haraji, yana mai tabbatar da cewa yanzu yana ƙarƙashin kariya daga dokokin mazauna. Don adana fuska, an tilasta wa Lobengula ya aika da wata ƙungiya mai kai hari ta dubban mayaƙa don kawo wakilin sa zuwa diddige. Kungiyar da ta kai hari ta lalata ƙauyuka da yawa kuma ta kashe yawancin mazauna. (A cikin wannan sun fi hanawa fiye da yadda aka saba kamar yadda suka sace samari maza da mata masu tsufa kuma suka kashe kowa da kowa.) [ana buƙatar ambaton] Koyaya, gwamnatin Kamfanin Burtaniya ta Afirka ta Kudu ta ji cewa dole ne su shiga tsakani don kauce wa rasa amincewar mutanen yankin da suka koka cewa ba a ba su wani tallafi game da harin ba. A sakamakon haka, jami'an Kamfanin sun bukaci maharan su bar nan da nan. Ndebele sun ki kuma a cikin tashin hankali da ya haifar da Ndebele sun sami kusan mutane 40 da suka mutu; wannan ya haifar da janyewar su. Sarki Lobengula ya ba da gargadi mai tsanani ga mayakansa lokacin da suka fara harin. "Idan ka zubar da jinin farar fata a wannan hari zuwa Mashonaland, zan kashe kowannensu lokacin da ka dawo".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Matabele_War#CITEREFHistory_Society_of_Zimbabwe1993</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Yaƙi]] peludc5msqymlslz6p9pjwnvy4wqioy 0 109354 891834 835435 2026-08-06T02:20:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} Wannan '''jerin kwanakin muhalli''' ne waɗanda aka tsara don samar da wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli|Batutuwan muhalli]]. Kwanakin wayar da kan jama'a game da jinsuna suna nuna [[Biodiversity|bambancin halittu]], tare da manufar kara fahimtar da godiya ga batun. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kwanakin an nuna su suna haifar da karuwar halayyar neman bayanai, kuma suna iya haifar da karuwa a cikin tara kudade na kiyayewa ta hanyar kungiyoyin agaji da kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chua |first=Marcus A. H. |last2=Tan |first2=Audrey |last3=Carrasco |first3=Luis Roman |date=1 March 2021 |title=Species awareness days: Do people care or are we preaching to the choir? |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=255 |pages=109002 |bibcode=2021BCons.25509002C |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109002 |s2cid=233836573}}</ref> == Sa'o'i == * Sa'ar Duniya - 8:30 na yamma (lokacin yankin), na gaba zai faru a ranar 28 ga Maris 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=Homepage |url=https://www.earthhour.org/ |website=Earth Hour}}</ref> == Kwanaki na muhalli == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Environmental Date !Date(s) |- |National Bird Day |January 5 |- |International Zebra Day |January 31 |- |World Wetlands Day |February 2 |- |World Ostrich Day |February 2 |- |World Marmot Day |February 2 |- |World Pangolin Day |Third Saturday of February |- |World Whale Day |Third Sunday of February |- |World Bonobo Day |February 14 |- |World Lizard Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Lizard Day |url=https://www.calendarlabs.com/holidays/international/world-lizard-day.php |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=Calendarlabs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Lizard Day – February 8 |url=https://nationaldaycalendar.com/world-lizard-day-august-14/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=nationaldaycalendar.com}}</ref> |February 8 |- |World Hippopotamus Day |February 15 |- |[[Ranar Polar Bear ta Duniya|International Polar Bear Day]] |February 27 |- |World Wildlife Day |March 3 |- |International Day of Action for Rivers |March 14 |- |World Consumer Rights Day |March 15 |- |Buzzards Day |March 15 |- |Digital Cleanup Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digital Cleanup Day |url=https://www.digitalcleanupday.org/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Digital Cleanup Day |language=en-US}}</ref> |March 15 2025 |- |National Panda Day |March 16 |- |Global Recycling Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.globalrecyclingday.com/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=Global Recycling Day}}</ref> |March 18 |- |World Serval Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Serval Day {{!}} Wildheart Animal Sanctuary |url=https://wildheartanimalsanctuary.org/world-serval-day/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Wildheart Animal Sanctuary, Isle of Wight |language=en-GB}}</ref> |March 18 |- |Taxonomist Appreciation Day |March 19 |- |World Sparrow Day |March 20 |- |World Frog Day |March 20 |- |World Rewilding Day |March 20 |- |International Day of Forests |March 21 |- |World Planting Day |March 21 |- |World Wood Day |March 21 |- |World Water Day |March 22 |- |International Seal Day |March 22 |- |World Meteorological Day |March 23 |- |International Day of Zero Waste<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Day of Zero Waste 2023 |url=http://www.unep.org/events/un-day/international-day-zero-waste-2023 |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=UNEP - UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> |March 30 |- |World Aquatic Animal Day |April 3 |- |World Rat Day |April 4 |- |International Beaver Day |April 7 |- |Zoo Lovers Day |April 8 |- |Arbor Day |April 26 |- |Bat Appreciation Day |April 17 |- |Earth Day |April 22 |- |International Pallas's Cat day<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2020 |title=International Pallas's Cat Day! Let's Celebrate. |url=https://conservationcubclub.com/international-pallass-cat-day-lets-celebrate/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |publisher=The Tiniest Tiger}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Pallas' cat Day – 23rd April |url=https://www.mwfc.gov.lk/events/international-pallas-cat-day-23rd-april/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |publisher=mwfc }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=International Pallas's Cat Day 2023 |url=https://wildlifearoundtheworld.com/international-pallass-cat-day-2023/ |access-date=2023-10-10 |publisher=Wildlife Around the World}}</ref> |April 23 |- |World Day for Laboratory Animals |April 24 |- |World Tapir Day |April 27 |- |International Hyena Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Hyena Day |url=https://eventguide.com/d/107828.htm |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=EventGuide Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Hyena Day - April 27, 2022 {{!}} internationaldays.co |url=https://www.internationaldays.co/item-detail/international-hyena-day-2022/r/reccNH8dqrTCw00Fp |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.internationaldays.co |language=en}}</ref> |April 27 |- |Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare |April 29 |- |Green Up Day |First Saturday of May in Vermont |- |World Tuna Day |May 2 |- |International Leopard Day |May 3 |- |Wild Koala Day |May 3 |- |Greenery Day |May 4 in Japan (previously April 29) |- |World Donkey Day |May 8 |- |[[Go Public Gardens Days]] |Friday before to the Sunday after Mother's Day |- |World Migratory Bird Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stories - World Migratory Bird Day |url=http://www.worldmigratorybirdday.org/ |website=www.worldmigratorybirdday.org}}</ref> |Second Saturday of May. Second Saturday of May in the U.S. and Canada; Second Saturday of October in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. |- |[[World Binturong Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Binturong Day |url=https://www.abconservation.org/en/abconservation-events/ |website=www.abconservation.org |access-date=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220130439/https://www.abconservation.org/en/abconservation-events/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Second Saturday of May. |- |[[Endangered Species Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Endangered Species Day |url=http://www.endangered.org/campaigns/endangered-species-day/ |website=endangered.org}}</ref> |Third Friday of May |- |Bike-to-Work Day |Third Friday of May |- |World Bee Day |May 20 |- |International Day for Biological Diversity (World Biodiversity Day) |May 22 |- |World Turtle Day |May 23 |- |European Day of Parks – Europarc Federation<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=European Day of Parks |url=https://www.europarc.org/managing-parks/european-day-of-parks/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=Ewww.europarc.org}}</ref> |May 24 |- |World Otter Day<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-05-30 |title=World Otter Day |url=https://wildlife-foundation.org.uk/world-otter-day/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=WildLife Foundation |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |last Wednesday of May |- |World Dugong Day |May 28 |- |Black&amp;nbsp;Birders&amp;nbsp;Week |May 29 |- |World No Tobacco Day |May 31 |- |World Parrot Day |May 31 |- |World Reef Day |June 1 |- |[[World Peatlands Day]] |June 2 |- |World Bicycle Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bicycle Day |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/bicycle-day |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=United Nations}}</ref> |June 3 |- |[[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya|World Environment Day]] |June 5 |- |[[Solomon Memorial Day]] |June 5 |- |World Oceans Day |June 8 |- |Coral Triangle Day |June 9 |- |International Lynx Day |June 11 |- |National Cougar Day |June 12 |- |Global Wind Day |June 15 |- |World Sea Turtle Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Sea Turtle Day |url=https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/world-sea-turtle-day |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509021856/https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/world-sea-turtle-day |archive-date=2020-05-09 |access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> |June 16 |- |World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |June 17 |- |World Croc Day |June 17 |- |World Horseshoe Crab Day |June 20 |- |World Giraffe Day |June 21 |- |World Camel Day |June 22 |- |World Rainforest Day<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2018 |title=World Rainforest Day is June 22nd |url=https://treefoundation.org/2018/06/21/world-rainforest-day-is-june-22nd/ |website=treefoundation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Rainforest Day |url=https://worldrainforestday.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621180620/https://worldrainforestday.com/ |archive-date=2019-06-21 |access-date=2019-09-16 |website=World Rainforest Day}}</ref> |June 22 |- |Black Birders Week |June 24 |- |[[World Decarbonisation Day]] |June 25 |- |World Population Day |July 11 |- |Shark Awareness Day |July 14 |- |World Chimpanzee Day |July 14 |- |World Orca Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Orca Day - Come Celebrate and Protect Orca! |url=https://www.worldorcaday.org/ |access-date=2020-07-15 |website=World Orca Day |language=en-US}}</ref> |July 14 |- |World Snake Day |July 16 |- |Earth Overshoot Day |Advanced to July 24 in 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Past Earth Overshoot Days |url=https://overshootday.org/newsroom/past-earth-overshoot-days/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620205956/https://overshootday.org/newsroom/past-earth-overshoot-days/ |archive-date=20 June 2025 |website=OvershootDay.org |publisher=Earth Overshoot Day}}</ref> |- |[[International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystems]] |July 26 |- |World Nature Conservation Day |July 28 |- |International Tiger Day |July 29 |- |World Ranger Day – International Ranger Federation |July 31 |- |International Clouded Leopard Day |August 4 |- |World Tomistoma Day |August 5 |- |[[International Moon Bear Day]] |August 8 |- |World Lion Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Lion Day |url=https://www.worldlionday.com/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819165737/https://www.worldlionday.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |August 10 |- |World Elephant Day |August 12 |- |World Hirola Day |August 12 |- |International Wolf Day |August 13 |- |National Honey Bee Day (US only) |August 15 |- |World Orangutan Day |August 19 |- |World Mosquito Day |August 20 |- |World African Wild Dog Day |August 26 |- |International Whale Shark Day |August 30 |- |World Beach Day, aka National Beach Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Beach Day |url=https://worldbeachday.com/national-beach-day/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=World Beach Day |language=en-US}}</ref> |September 1 |- |International Primate Day<ref>{{Cite web |last=A. O. L. Staff |date=15 July 2016 |title=Today is International Primate Day! |url=https://www.aol.com/article/2015/09/01/today-is-international-primate-day/21229702/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=www.aol.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221151820/https://www.aol.com/article/2015/09/01/today-is-international-primate-day/21229702/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |September 1 |- |Japan Dolphin Day |September 1 |- |Amazon Rainforest Day |September 5 |- |International Vulture Awareness Day |First Saturday of September |- |[[International Day of Clean Air for blue skies]] |September 7 |- |World Dolphin Day |September 12 |- |International Colugo Day<ref>{{Cite web |last=Night Spotting Project |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Cw7p6xGNaJt/ |access-date=2023-09-08 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> |September 15 |- |International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer |September 16 |- |World Manta Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Manta Day 2021 |url=https://www.worldmantaday.com/ |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=www.worldmantaday.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |September 17 |- |World Water Monitoring Day |September 18 |- |{{Interlanguage link|PARK(ing) Day|de|Parking Day}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=PARK(ing) Day - Transportation &#124; seattle.gov |url=https://www.seattle.gov/transportation/projects-and-programs/programs/public-space-management-programs/park(ing)-day |website=www.seattle.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PARK(ing) Day |url=https://www.strasse-zurueckerobern.de/anleitungen/parking-day/ |access-date=January 7, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Parking Day |url=http://www.parkingday.fr/ |website=Parking Day}}</ref> |Third Friday in September |- |World Cleanup Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cleanup Day |url=https://www.worldcleanupday.org/ |website=www.worldcleanupday.org}}</ref> |September 16, 2023, Third Saturday in September |- |National Cleanup Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Cleanup Day |url=http://www.nationalcleanupday.org/ |website=www.nationalcleanupday.org}}</ref> |September 18, 2021, Third Saturday in September |- |International Red Panda Day |Third Saturday of September |- |Zero Emissions Day<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-06 |title=Zero Emissions Day |url=http://zeroemissionsday.org}}</ref> |September 21 |- |Car Free Day |September 22 |- |World Rhino Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Rhino Day 2017 |url=https://www.worldrhinoday.org/ |website=World Rhino Day}}</ref> |September 22 |- |World Gorilla Day |September 24 |- |World Environmental Health Day<ref>{{Cite web |last=AnydayGuide |title=World Environmental Health Day / September 26, 2019 |url=https://anydayguide.com/calendar/1252 |website=AnydayGuide}}</ref> |September 26 since 2011 (IFEH)<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Federation of Environmental Health |url=http://www.ifeh.org/ |website=ifeh.org}}</ref> |- |World Cassowary Day |September 26 |- |International Day of Awareness of Food Loss and Waste<ref>{{Cite web |title=Food Loss and Waste Reduction |url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/end-food-waste-day |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> |September 29 |- |World Rivers Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Rivers Day |url=http://worldriversday.com/ |website=worldriversday.com}}</ref> |Last Sunday of September |- |Australian Wildlife Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Wildlife Week |url=https://www.aws.org.au/australian-wildlife-week-2024/ |website=Australian Wildlife Society}}</ref> |First Week of October |- |International Raccoon Appreciation Day |October 1 |- |World Farm Animals Day |October 2 |- |World Habitat Day |First Monday of October |- |World Animal Day |October 4 |- |National Badger Day |October 6 |- |World Octopus Day |October 8 |- |Energy Efficiency Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://energyefficiencyday.org/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=Energy Efficiency Day}}</ref> |First Wednesday in October |- |International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction |October 13 |- |International E-Waste Day |October 14 |- |International Sawfish Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=- International Sawfish Day website |url=https://www.internationalsawfishday.org/ |website=www.internationalsawfishday.org}}</ref> |October 17 |- |Stepping Stone Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=- Press release |url=https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20231017_OTS0002/tag-der-trittsteinbiotope#:~:text=Der%20%E2%80%9ETag%20der%20Trittsteinbiotope%E2%80%9C%20findet,bereits%20zum%20zweiten%20Mal%20statt. |website=ots.at}}</ref> |October 17 |- |Sustainability Day!<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainability - Utah Valley University |url=https://www.uvu.edu/sustainability/sustainabilityday/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717053145/https://www.uvu.edu/sustainability/sustainabilityday/index.html |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2019-09-16 |website=www.uvu.edu}}</ref> |Fourth Wednesday of October |- |World Okapi Day |October 18 |- |International Sloth Day |October 20 |- |National Reptile Awareness Day |October 21 |- |World Earthworn Day |October 21 |- |International Wombat Day |October 22 |- |International Snow Leopard Day<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2014 |title=International Snow Leopard Day 2014 |url=https://www.snowleopard.org/international-snow-leopard-day-hope-and-concern-for-the-cat/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bishkek Declaration on the Conservation of Snow Leopards |url=http://www.globalsnowleopard.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/SnowLeopard_Bishkek_Declaration_EN.pdf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912191519/http://www.globalsnowleopard.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/SnowLeopard_Bishkek_Declaration_EN.pdf.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-12 |access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref> |October 23 |- |Freshwater Dolphin Day |October 24 |- |International Gibbon Day |October 24 |- |[[350.org|International Day of Climate Action]] |October 24 |- |World Lemur Day |Last Friday of October |- |[[World Ecology Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Ecology Day – ILovePM |url=https://ilovepm.com/en/world-ecology-day/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103225916/https://ilovepm.com/en/world-ecology-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |November 1 |- |World Vegan Day |November 1 |- |World Basking Shark Day |November 3 |- |International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict |November 6 |- |National Bison Day |First Saturday in November |- |America Recycles Day |November 15 |- |World Fisheries Day |November 21 |- |International Jaguar Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Latin America Launches New Roadmap to Save the Jaguar |url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/news-centre/news/2018/latin-america-launches-new-roadmap-to-save-the-jaguar.html |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Jaguar Day |url=https://www.wcs.org/international-jaguar-day |access-date=2019-04-05 |website=www.wcs.org |language=en}}</ref> |November 29 |- |International Cheetah Day |December 4 |- |[[Wildlife Conservation Day]] |December 4 |- |World Soil Day<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Soil Partnership {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=http://www.fao.org/global-soil-partnership/en/ |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> |December 5 |- |International Mountain Day |December 11 |- |Monkey Day |December 14 |- |Ozone Action Day |Variable date depending weather conditions |- |eDay – Electronic Waste Day |Variable date, in New Zealand |- |World Fish Migration Day |Variable date (next one- 22 May 2022; last one- 24 October 2020) |} == Makonni == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Name !Date |- |tUrn Climate Crisis Awareness and Action Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to tUrn {{!}} |url=https://www.scu.edu/turn/ |website=www.scu.edu}}</ref> |April 19–23, 2021 |- |Great Backyard Bird Count |2025 date, February 14–17 |- |[[Invasive Species Awareness Week]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Invasive Species Awareness Week |url=https://naisma.org/programs/nisaw/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=naisma.org}}</ref> |Last Week of February |- |- |Green Office Week |2016 date, April 18–22 |- |Keep Australia Beautiful Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keep Australia Beautiful Week |url=http://kab.org.au/keep-australia-beautiful-week/ |website=Keep Australia Beautiful}}</ref> |Last Full Week of August |- |National Green Week |First week in February every year in the United States |- |National Wildlife Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Error-Page |url=https://www.nwf.org/Home/Error-Page |website=National Wildlife Federation}}</ref> | |- |National Dark-Sky Week |Week of new moon in April |- |Bike to Work Week Victoria | |- |National Pollinator Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pollinator Week |url=https://www.pollinator.org/pollinator-week |website=Pollinator.org}}</ref> |Third Week in June |- |Mosquito Awareness Week |June 22–28<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=CDC {{!}} National Center for Environmental Health {{!}} Calendar of Events |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/information/calendar.htm}}</ref> |- |Plastic Free July<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plastic Free July – Be Part of the Plastic Pollution Solution |url=https://www.plasticfreejuly.org/ |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=www.plasticfreejuly.org}}</ref> |July 1–31 |- |National Clean Beaches Week{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} |July 1–7 |- |Van Mohatsav Saptah (Forest Festival Week){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} | |- |Conservation Week | |- |World Water Week |August 26–31 |- |European Mobility Week |September 16–22 |- |Bike Week |Second week in June |- |Recycle Week<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recycle Now - Where and How to Recycle |url=https://www.recyclenow.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221140208/https://www.recyclenow.com/ |archive-date=2022-12-21 |access-date=2019-06-09 |website=www.recyclenow.com}}</ref> |June 20–26 2011 |- |Zero Waste Week |First Week of September |- |Green Office Week | |- |European Week for Waste Reduction (EWWR) |Last complete week in November, 9 days |- |[[Science Literacy Week (Canada)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Literacy Week – September 16 – 22, 2019 |url=http://www.scienceliteracy.ca/ |website=www.scienceliteracy.ca}}</ref> |September 16–22 |- |No Car Day |Week of September 22 in China |- |World Water Week in Stockholm |August or September, annual |- |[[National Op Shop Week (Australia)]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} |August 21–27 |- |[[World Oceans Week]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=World Oceans Day - Uniting Ocean Action Worldwide on 8 June 2020 |url=https://worldoceansday.org/ |website=worldoceansday.org}}</ref> |June 1–8 |- |[[National Herbal Medicine Week]] |Each year for the last week in October<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Herbal Medicine Week |url=https://www.nhaa.org.au/events/national-herbal-medicine-week |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421000858/http://nhaa.org.au/events/national-herbal-medicine-week |archive-date=2013-04-21}}</ref> |- |[[International Compost Awareness Week]] |First Full Week in May<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Compost Awareness Week |url=https://www.compostfoundation.org/ICAW/ICAW-Home |access-date=January 7, 2025 |website=www.compostfoundation.org}}</ref> |} == Shekaru == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sunan !Ranar |- |Shekarar Duniya |1882–1883 |- |Shekarar Duniya |1932–1933 |- | |- |Shekarar Yara ta Duniya |1979 |- |[[World Population Year|Shekarar Jama'a ta Duniya]] |1974 |- |[[International Year of the Ocean|Shekarar Duniya ta Tekun]] (IYO) |1998 |- |[[International Year of Mountains|Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Duwatsu]] (IYM) |2002 |- |[[International Year of Ecotourism|Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Yawon Bude Ido]] (IYE) |2002 |- |Shekarar Ruwa ta Duniya (IYF) |2003 |- |Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Hamada da Hamada |2006 |- |Shekarar Duniya ta DolphinShekarar Dolphin |2007–2008 |- |Shekarar Duniya |2007–2009 |- |Shekarar Duniya ta Duniya |2008 |- |Shekarar Tsabtace Duniya |2008 |- |Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Fibres na Halitta 2009 |2009 |- |Shekarar Gorilla <ref>{{Cite web |title=FX初心者の勉強・情報収集 - 【FXガイド】 FX初心者のための勉強サイト |url=http://www.yog2009.org/ |website=www.yog2009.org}}</ref> |2009 |- |Shekarar Biodiversity ta Duniya |2010 |- |Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta dazuzzuka |2011 |- |Shekarar Kasa ta Duniya |2015 |- |Shekarar Ƙarƙashin Duniya |2016 |- |[[International Year of Sustainable tourism for all|Shekarar Yawon shakatawa ta Duniya mai dorewa ga kowa]] |2017 |- |[[International Year of Indigenous languages|Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Harsunan 'yan asalin ƙasar]] |2019 |- |Shekarar Lafiya ta Duniya |2020 |- |Shekarar 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu ta kasa da kasa <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2020 |title=Document card {{!}} FAO {{!}} Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb2395en/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=www.fao.org |language=en |isbn=978-92-5-133709-7}}</ref> |2021 |} === Aikin noma === {| class="wikitable" !Shekarar !Abubuwan da suka faru |- |2004 |Shekarar shinkafa ta kasa da kasa |- |2005 |Shekarar kasa da kasa ta parthenium |- |2006 |Shekarar hamada ta kasa da kasa |- |2007 |Shekarar ruwa ta kasa da kasa |- |2008 |Shekarar dankali ta kasa da kasa |- |2009 |Shekarar kasa da kasa ta fiber na halitta |- |2010 |Shekarar Duniya ta Biodiversity |- |2011 |Shekarar kasa da kasa ta gandun daji |- |2012 |Shekarar hadin gwiwa ta kasa da kasa (An kuma yi bikin a matsayin Shekarar Noma ta Kasa) |- |2013 |Shekarar hadin gwiwar ruwa ta kasa da kasa |- |2014 |Shekarar noma ta duniya |- |2015 |Shekarar kasa da kasa ta ƙasa da haske |- |2016 |Shekarar kasa da kasa ta bugun jini (tushen-mai gina jiki don aikin gona mai ɗorewa) |- |2017 |Shekarar yawon bude ido ta kasa da kasa |- |2018 |An ba da shawarar don shekara ta kasa da kasa ta millets (An ayyana shi a matsayin shekara ta kasa ta milleits) |- |2019 |Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Harshe na asali |- |2020 |Shekarar Lafiya ta Duniya |- |2021 |Shekarar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa. Har ila yau, Shekarar 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu ta duniya |- |2022 |Shekarar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Aquaculture na Duniya |- |2023 |Shekarar Duniya ta Millets |- |2024 |Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Camelids |} == Shekaru da yawa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sunan !Ranar |- |Shekaru goma na ruwan sha na kasa da kasa, 1981-90 |Shekaru na 1980 |- |Shekaru goma na kasa da kasa don rage bala'i |Shekaru na 1990 |- |Shekaru goma na Ilimi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa |2005–2014 |- |Ruwa don Rayuwa Shekaru Goma |2005–2015 |- |Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Biodiversity |2011–2020 |- |Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don hamada da Yaki da Yaki |2010–2020 |- |Shekaru goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Maido da Tsarin Halitta |2021–2030 |- |} == Dubi kuma == * Lissafin labaran muhalli ** Jerin batutuwan muhalli ** Jerin shekaru a cikin muhalli * Lissafin labaran kiyayewa ** Jerin batutuwan kiyayewa * Bikin Duniya * Jerin kwanakin wayar da kan jama'a * Jerin ranakun tunawa * Jerin yarjejeniyar muhalli ta kasa da kasa * Jerin watanni na tunawa == Manazarta == n0uxyivz2mfk55ez8dxif9xs51u7tqn 0 109773 891825 859737 2026-08-06T01:20:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin sunayen barkewar cutar Legionnaires ne; [[Legionnaire's]] wata cuta ce mai yaduwa mai yuwuwa ta hanyar Gram negative, [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|ƙwayoyin cuta]] na aerobic na jinsin ''Legionella''. Farkon barkewar cutar da aka ruwaito ya kasance a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania a [[1976]] a lokacin Yarjejeniyar Legionnaires a Otal din Bellevue-Stratford . An bayyana barkewar cutar a matsayin lokuta biyu ko fiye inda farawar cutar ke da alaƙa da lokaci (makonni maimakon watanni) '''''da kuma''''' sararin samaniya, inda akwai tuhuma, ko shaidar, tushen kamuwa da cuta, tare da ko ba tare da goyon bayan microbiological ba (''watau'' wuri na sararin samaniya na lokuta daga tarihin tafiye-tafiye). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legionella Outbreak Toolbox |url=https://legionnaires.ecdc.europa.eu/?pid=205 |access-date=2020-07-01 |website=legionnaires.ecdc.europa.eu}}</ref> == Jerin duniya ta shekara == === Shekaru na 1960 === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Yawan mutuwa !Bayani |- |1965 |[[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |Asibitin St. Elizabeths |Ba a sani ba |94 |16 |17% |Cutar ta faru ne a shekarar 1965, amma ba a gano ta a matsayin cutar legionnaires ba har sai an fallasa kwayar cutar da aka adana ga samfurori na ƙwayoyin cuta daga barkewar cutar Legionnaires ta Philadelphia ta 1976. |- |} === Shekaru na 1970 === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Yawan mutuwa !Bayani |- |1973,1977 |Benidorm, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] |Otal din Rio Park |Jirgin wanka |akalla 4 |{{Sort|04|4}} |ba a sani ba |Farkon barkewar cutar a Otal din Rio Park ya faru ne a shekarar 1973, masu yawon bude ido hudu sun mutu, amma a lokacin ba a gane shi a matsayin cutar Legionnaires ba har sai barkewar cutar ta gaba a wannan otal din a shekarar 1977. |- |1976 |Philadelphia, [[Pennsylvania]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |1976 Yaduwar cutar Legionnaires ta Philadelphia |[[Yanayin iska]] |{{Sort|221|221}} |{{Sort|034|34}} |15.4% |Wannan shine farkon barkewar legionellosis, kodayake daga baya aka gano lokuta na legionellosus da suka gabata sun faru tun daga 1947. Yaduwar cutar ta Philadelphia, duk da haka, ta sami mafi girman mutuwar.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=McDade JE, Brenner DJ, Bozeman FM |date=April 1979 |title=Legionnaires' disease bacterium isolated in 1947 |journal=[[Annals of Internal Medicine]] |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=659–61 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-659 |pmid=373548}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W, Parkin WE, Beecham HJ, Sharrar RG, Harris J, Mallison GF, Martin SM, McDade JE, Shepard CC, Brachman PS |date=December 1977 |title=Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia |journal=[[New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=297 |issue=22 |pages=1189–97 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197712012972201 |pmid=335244}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tsai TF, Finn DR, Plikaytis BD, McCauley W, Martin SM, Fraser DW |date=April 1979 |title=Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of the epidemic in Philadelphia |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=509–17 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-509 |pmid=434627}}</ref> |- |1978 |[[Memphis, Tennessee]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |Asibitin Tunawa da Baptist-Memphis (1912-2000) |Hasumiyar sanyaya iska |44 | | |[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7351928/ 1978 Yaduwar Cutar Sojojin Memphis] |- |- |1979 |[[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya |gine-ginen masana'antu mai sauƙi |Matsakaicin girman evaporative condenser | | | | |- |1979 |Ballarat, Ostiraliya |Asibitin mahaukaci |tsarin ruwan wanka | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |} === Shekaru na 1980 === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Yawan mutuwa !Bayani |- |1985 |Wollongong, Ostiraliya |Ginin kulob din zamantakewa |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya | | | | |- |1985 |Stafford, Ingila |Asibitin Gundumar Stafford |[[Yanayin iska]] |{{Sort|175|175}} |{{Sort|028|28}} |16% |A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kwantar da marasa lafiya 175 a asibitocin Gundumar ko Kingsmead Stafford tare da kamuwa da kirji ko cutar huhu. Jimillar mutane 28 sun mutu. Binciken likita ya nuna cewa cutar Legionnaires ce ke da alhakin kuma binciken yaduwar cututtuka na gaggawa ya gano tushen kamuwa da cutar zuwa hasumiyar sanyaya iska a rufin asibitin gundumar Stafford. |- |1986 |[[Adelaide]], Ostiraliya |al'umma |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya a asibiti | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1987 |Wollongong, Ostiraliya |Cibiyar cin kasuwa |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya a shagon | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1988 |[[Adelaide]], Ostiraliya |al'umma |cakuda tukwane | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1988 |Westminster, Ingila |Hedikwatar [[BBC]] |hasumiyar sanyaya a Gidan watsa shirye-shirye | | | | |- |1989 |[[Sydney]], Ostiraliya |kulob din bowling |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1989 |Burnie, Ostiraliya |al'umma |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya a asibiti | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |} === Shekaru na 1990 === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Yawan mutuwa !Bayani |- |1992 |[[Sydney]], Ostiraliya |Cibiyar cin kasuwa |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya | | | | |- |1994 |Sunshine Coast, Ostiraliya |Gidan hutun |tafkin wanka mai zaman kansa | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1995 |[[Sydney]], Ostiraliya |Cibiyar cin kasuwa |ƙaramin hasumiyar sanyaya a asibiti | | | |<ref name="Broadbent" /> |- |1999 |Bovenkarspel, Netherlands |1999 barkewar cutar Bovenkarspel legionellosis |Ruwa mai zafi |{{Sort|318|318}} |{{Sort|032|32}} |10% |A watan Maris na shekara ta 1999, barkewar cutar ta faru a [[Holand|Netherlands]] a lokacin baje kolin furen Westfriese Flora a Bovenkarspel . Mutane 318 sun yi rashin lafiya kuma akalla mutane 32 sun mutu. Akwai yiwuwar cewa mutane da yawa sun mutu daga shi (wanda zai iya sa ya zama mafi munin barkewar da aka rubuta), amma an binne waɗannan mutane kafin a gane cutar ''Legionella''. Tushen kwayar cuta shine tub mai zafi a yankin nune-nunen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Westfriese Flora flower exhibition and fair |url=http://www.q-net.net.au/~legion/Legionnaires%60_Disease_Netherlands_1999.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302015541/http://www.q-net.net.au/~legion/Legionnaires%60_Disease_Netherlands_1999.htm |archive-date=2009-03-02 |access-date=2010-09-11 |publisher=Q-net.net.au}}</ref><ref name="zwaailichten">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=25 februari 1999: Legionellabesmetting Westfriese Flora, Bovenkarspel |url=http://www.zero-meridean.nl/c_bovenkarspel_250299.html |access-date=December 2, 2011 |publisher=Zwaailichten disaster website |language=nl}}</ref> |- |} === Shekaru na 2000 === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Yawan mutuwa !Bayani |- |2000 |[[Melbourne]], Ostiraliya |Rayuwar Ruwa Melbourne Aquarium |Hasumiyar sanyaya |{{Sort|125|125}} |{{Sort|004|4}} |3.2% |A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2000, barkewar cutar ''''legionella'' pnemophila'' serogroup 1 ta faru a [[Melbourne]], Australia. Cutar ta haifar da tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar Legionnaire 125, tare da 95 (76%) a asibiti. An bayar da rahoton cewa 4 sun mutu daga barkewar cutar. Binciken ya gano tushen kamuwa da cuta zuwa hasumiyar sanyaya a sabon akwatin kifaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Greig JE, Carnie JA, Tallis GF, Ryan NJ, Tan AG, Gordon IR, Zwolak B, Leydon JA, Guest CS, Hart WG |date=June 2004 |title=An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease at the Melbourne Aquarium, April 2000: investigation and case-control studies |url=https://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/180_11_070604/gre10735_fm.html |journal=[[Medical Journal of Australia]] |volume=180 |issue=11 |pages=566–72 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06093.x |pmid=15174987 |s2cid=15441893 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-08-02 |archive-date=2011-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909023106/http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/180_11_070604/gre10735_fm.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun lokacin da wannan barkewar cutar ta barke, ana buƙatar kididdigar kamuwa da cutar legionella ta ruwaito ta gwamnatin jihar a matsayin cuta mai sanar da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legionella pneumophila cases |url=http://docs2.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/F268771876D8B028CA257ACA0012BB28/$FILE/cts_ehindicators.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204110407/http://docs2.health.vic.gov.au/docs/doc/F268771876D8B028CA257ACA0012BB28/$FILE/cts_ehindicators.pdf |archive-date=2016-02-04 |access-date=2015-08-30 |publisher=Docs2.health.vic.gov.au}}</ref> Jiha ta gabatar da ka'idoji don sarrafa legionella a cikin shekara ta 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health (Legionella) Regulations 2001 S.R. No. 13/2001 |url=http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubStatbook.nsf/93eb987ebadd283dca256e92000e4069/5d04907fa02c7983ca256e5b0021a910/$FILE/01-013sr.pdf |access-date=2017-07-01 |website=Legislation.vic.gov.au}}</ref> |- |2000 |Vizela, [[Portugal]] |Yankin jama'a |Ruwan ado |{{Sort|11|11}} |{{Sort|000|0}} |0% |A watan Agustan 2000, barkewar cutar Legionnaires ta faru a Vizela, Arewacin Portugal . An kwantar da jimlar mutane 11 da ke fama da cutar Legionnaires a asibitin.<ref name="Correia 2001">{{Cite journal |last=Correia |first=AM |last2=Gonçalves |first2=G |last3=Reis |first3=J |last4=Cruz |first4=JM |last5=Castro e Freitas |first5=JA |date=July 2001 |title=An outbreak of legionnaires disease in a municipality in northern Portugal. |journal=Euro Surveill |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=121–4 |doi=10.2807/esm.06.07.00228-en |pmid=12631957 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Babu wadanda suka mutu. Dukkanin marasa lafiya sun kasance a babban filin Vizela a daren Agusta 11-12, 2000, inda ake gudanar da bukukuwan shekara-shekara na gari.<ref name="Porto Canal 2014" /> Masu bincike sun gano tushen barkewar cutar zuwa wani maɓuɓɓugar kayan ado da ke cikin filin.<ref name="Correia 2001" /> |- |2001 |Murcia, Spain |Asibiti |Hasumiyoyin sanyaya <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |vauthors=García-Fulgueiras A, Navarro C, Fenoll D, García J, González-Diego P, Jiménez-Buñuales T, Rodriguez M, Lopez R, Pacheco F, Ruiz J, Segovia M, Balandrón B, Pelaz C |date=August 2003 |title=Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Murcia, Spain |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=915–21 |doi=10.3201/eid0908.030337 |pmc=3020623 |pmid=12967487}}</ref> |{{Sort|800|800}}+ |{{Sort|006|6}} |0.8% |Babban barkewar cutar Legionnaires a duniya ya faru ne a watan Yulin 2001 tare da marasa lafiya da suka bayyana a asibiti a ranar 7 ga Yuli, a Murcia, [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Fiye da mutane 800 da ake zargi da kamuwa da cutar an rubuta su a lokacin da aka kula da cutar ta ƙarshe a ranar 22 ga Yuli; an kiyasta 636-696 daga cikin waɗannan shari'o'in kuma an tabbatar da 449 (don haka, akalla mutane 16,000 sun fallasa kwayar cutar) kuma 6 sun mutu. Adadin masu kamuwa da cutar kusan kashi 1 cikin 100.<ref name=":3" /> |- |2002 |Barrow-in-Furness, Ingila |2002 Barrow-in-Furness legionellosis barkewar |[[Yanayin iska]] |{{Sort|172|172}} |{{Sort|007|7}} |4.1% |A shekara ta 2002, Barrow-in-Furness a Ingila ya kamu da cutar Legionnaires. Mata shida da mutum daya sun mutu sakamakon cutar; wasu mutane 172 ma sun kamu da cutar. An gano dalilin ya zama hasumiyar sanyaya mai gurbata a cibiyar zane-zane ta Forum 28 ta garin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=legionnaires disease, Barrow-in-Furness |url=http://www.multiline.com.au/~mg/legionnaires_disease_Barrow-in-Furness.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20020816113347/http://www.multiline.com.au/~mg/legionnaires_disease_Barrow-in-Furness.html |archive-date=2002-08-16 |access-date=2013-08-30}}</ref> Majalisar Barrow Borough daga baya ta zama ta farko a Burtaniya da za a tuhume ta da kisan kai na kamfanoni amma an wanke su. Duk da haka, an ci su, tare da [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|masanin gine-gine]] Gillian Beckingham, saboda keta ka'idojin Lafiya da Tsaro a cikin shari'ar da ta ƙare a shekara ta 2006. |- |2003-2004 |Pas-de-Calais, Faransa |Shuka mai amfani da sinadarai |Hasumiyar sanyaya |{{Sort|86|86}} |{{Sort|018|18}} |20.93% |Wannan shine mafi munin barkewar Legionnaires a tarihin Faransa.<ref name="Healthcare Business & Technology">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2012 |title=The 12 Worst Legionnaires Outbreaks in the World |url=http://www.healthcarebusinesstech.com/the-12-worst-legionnaires-outbreaks-in-the-world/ |access-date=3 June 2019 |publisher=Healthcare Business & Technology}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nguyen TM, Ilef D, Jarraud S, Rouil L, Campese C, Che D, Haeghebaert S, Ganiayre F, Marcel F, Etienne J, Desenclos JC |date=January 2006 |title=A community-wide outbreak of legionnaires disease linked to industrial cooling towers--how far can contaminated aerosols spread? |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=193 |issue=1 |pages=102–11 |doi=10.1086/498575 |pmid=16323138 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |2004 |[[Zaragoza]], Spain |Asibiti |Hasumiyar sanyaya |{{Sort|27|27}} |{{Sort|007|7}} |26% |Biyar daga cikin bakwai daga cikin wadanda suka mutu sun wuce shekaru 50.<ref name="Healthcare Business & Technology" /> |- |2005 |[[Toronto]], Kanada |Gidan Oaks Bakwai na Tsofaffi |Hasumiyar sanyaya |{{Sort|127|127}} |{{Sort|021|21}} |16.5% |A ƙarshen Satumba, 2005, mazauna 127 na gidan jinya sun yi rashin lafiya da ''Legionella pneumophila'' . A cikin mako guda, ashirin da daya daga cikin mazauna sun mutu. Sakamakon al'adu da farko ba shi da kyau. An gano tushen barkewar ne a cikin hasumiyoyin sanyaya iska a kan rufin gidan tsofaffi. |- |2005 |Fredrikstad, Norway |Masana'antu |Mai tsabtace iska |{{Sort|103|103}} |{{Sort|010|10}} |9.7% |Akalla mutane 103 sun yi rashin lafiya kuma goma sun mutu daga cutar Legionnaires ta haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke girma a cikin iska mai tsabtace iska na masana'antar da ke kusa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Simonsen Ø, Wedege E, Kanestrøm A, Bolstad K, Aaberge IS, Ragnhildstveit E, Ringstad J |date=March 2015 |title=Characterization of the extent of a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease by serological assays |journal=BMC Infectious Diseases |volume=15 |doi=10.1186/s12879-015-0903-2 |pmc=4383209 |pmid=25887275 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |2007 |Jastrzębie Zdrój, [[Poland]] |Asibitin Kwararru na Gundumar na 2, Ophthalmic Ward |Tsarin ruwa |4 |3 |75% |A watan Janairun 2007 a asibitin kwararru na gundumar 2 a Jastrzębie-Zdrój marasa lafiya biyu a asibitar ido sun mutu ba zato ba tsammani. An lura cewa ba zato ba tsammani suna da zazzabi mai tsanani, [[tari]] da hallucinations. Da farko an tura su zuwa asibitin Cututtukan cututtuka na wasu sa'o'i tare da zargin cutar huhu, daga baya an tura su cikin kulawa mai tsanani. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa marasa lafiya biyu suna da legionellosis. Cutar ta zama sanadin mutuwar daya daga cikin marasa lafiya, ɗayan kuma yana da gazawar jini. An gano kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin legionellosis a cikin marasa lafiya huɗu daga wannan asibitin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ideo.pl |first=Ideo Sp. z o.o. - |title=Legionellosis case in Jastrzębie-Zdrój will be included in subject literature {{!}} News {{!}} Science & Scholarship in Poland |url=http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news,17022,legionellosis-case-in-jastrzebie-zdroj-will-be-included-in-subject-literature.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802130858/http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news,17022,legionellosis-case-in-jastrzebie-zdroj-will-be-included-in-subject-literature.html |archive-date=2017-08-02 |access-date=2017-08-02 |website=scienceinpoland.pap.pl}}</ref> Gabaɗaya barkewar cutar ta haifar da mutuwar mutane uku <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wyborcza.pl |url=http://wyborcza.pl/TylkoZdrowie/1,137474,16398712,Klimatyzacja_nas_wykancza__Kryje_sie_w_niej_grozna.html?disableRedirects=true |access-date=2017-08-02 |website=wyborcza.pl}}</ref> |- |2008 |New Brunswick, New Jersey, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |Asibitin Jami'ar Saint Peter |Ruwa mai sha |{{Sort|006|6}} |{{Sort|002|2}} |33.3% |Chlorination a cikin tsarin ruwa ya sauka ƙasa da matakan tasiri. |- |} === Shekaru na 2010 === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Year !City !Venue !Source !Cases !Deaths !Fatality rate !Notes |- |2010 |[[Wales]] |South Wales Valleys |Likely cooling towers |{{Sort|022|22}} |{{Sort|002|2}} |9% |Thought to be cooling towers in local industry.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2010 |title=South Wales legionnaires' disease outbreak declared over |url=http://www.wales.nhs.uk/news/17248 |access-date=6 June 2012 |publisher=[[NHS Wales]] |archive-date=21 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321022736/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/news/17248 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2011 |Dayton, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Dayton |Hospital air conditioning |{{Sort|011|11}} |{{Sort|005|5}} |45% |Was the largest outbreak in Ohio since 1994 at the time.<ref name="Healthcare Business & Technology"/> |- |2012 |[[Kebek (birni)|Québec City]], [[Kanada|Canada]] |Lower Québec City |Possibly cooling towers |{{Sort|180|180}} |{{Sort|013|13}} |7.22% |180 confirmed cases as of September 14, 2012, probably due to contaminated water in industrial cooling towers. |- |2012 |Calp, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] |AR Diamante Beach Hotel |Plumbing system |{{Sort|018|18}} |{{Sort|003|3}} |17% |Large hotel with solar water heating system for spa and domestic hot water. A month before the deaths, local government authorities may have known about the problem, but were accused of not alerting the public to avoid disruption of the tourism industry. |- |2012 |[[Edinburgh]], Scotland |South west of Edinburgh |Possibly cooling towers |{{Sort|092|92}} |{{Sort|004|4}} |3% |56 confirmed cases, with a further 36 suspected cases, bringing the total number of people affected to 92. Four people are known to have died from the outbreak.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2012 |title=Legionnaires' Disease outbreak: Third death reported |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-18693873 |access-date=3 July 2012 |website=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |- |2012 |[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], United States |JW Marriott Hotel |Decorative Lobby Fountain |{{Sort|10|10}} |{{Sort|003|3}} |30% |8 confirmed cases with people who stayed at the JW Marriott Chicago during July–August 2012. |- |2012 |[[Auckland]], New Zealand |Unknown |Water Source and/or [[Yanayin iska|Air Conditioning]] |{{Sort|011|11}} |{{Sort|001|1}} |9% |The number of people affected in a major outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Auckland, which has claimed one life, has risen to 11. |- |2012 |Stoke-on-Trent, [[Ingila|England]] |Warehouse, Fenton |Hot tub |{{Sort|019|19}} |{{Sort|001|1}} |5.2% |Infection began in warehouse hot tub. Seventeen of the confirmed cases visited the warehouse a couple of weeks before becoming ill. |- |2012 |Pittsburgh, [[Pennsylvania]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Veteran's Administration Hospital |unknown |{{Sort|022|22}} |{{Sort|006|6}} |27% |2012 Pittsburgh legionellosis outbreak<ref>{{Cite web |last=Noah Brode |date=23 April 2013 |title=Investigation Reveals Failures of Pittsburgh VA Hospital in Legionnaires' Outbreak |url=http://wesa.fm/post/investigation-reveals-failures-pittsburgh-va-hospital-legionnaires-outbreak |website=wesa.fm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Families of Legionnaires' victims outraged by report on VA outbreak |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/local/region/2014/03/13/Families-of-Legionnaires-victims-outraged-by-report-on-VA-outbreak/stories/201403130225 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]}}</ref> |- |2014 |[[Portugal]] |2014 Legionella outbreak in Portugal |Cooling tower<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 November 2014 |title=Joint Communication — Preliminary report of Legionnaries' disease 07 to 21 November 2014 |url=https://www.dgs.pt/a-direccao-geral-da-saude/comunicados-e-despachos-do-director-geral/surto-de-infecao-por-legionella-pdf8.aspx |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[:pt:Direção-Geral da Saúde|Direção-Geral da Saúde]]}}</ref> |{{Sort|375|375}} |{{Sort|012|12}} |3.2% |A widespread outbreak in Vila Franca de Xira district, Portugal.<ref name="rrsapo">{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2014 |title=Extinto o surto de legionella |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/informacao_detalhe.aspx?fid=25&did=169622 |access-date=November 23, 2014 |website=rr.sapo.pt |language=pt |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129082347/http://rr.sapo.pt/informacao_detalhe.aspx?fid=25&did=169622 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2015 |Bronx, New York, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Co-op City, South Bronx, and Morris Park |Cooling Towers in the Bronx, such as Co-op City, Lincoln Hospital, and Concourse Plaza. |{{Sort|140|140}} |{{Sort|013|13}} |9.3% |12 people sickened in January 2015. No fatalities reported.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-13 |title=Co-op City towers contaminated with Legionnaires' Disease |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/co-op-city-towers-contaminated-legionnaires-disease-article-1.2076175/ |access-date=2015-08-29 |website=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> The 2015 New York Legionnaires' disease outbreak was investigated the New York City Health Department<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legionnaires' Disease Bacteria Found in A/C on Bronx Hospital, Mayor says |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150730/civic-center/legionnaires-disease-bacteria-found-ac-of-bronx-hospital-mayor-says/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801133024/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150730/civic-center/legionnaires-disease-bacteria-found-ac-of-bronx-hospital-mayor-says |archive-date=2015-08-01 |website=DNAinfo New York}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=David Shortell |date=2 August 2015 |title=There have been 65 cases since mid-July |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/01/health/new-york-legionnaires-disease/ |website=[[CNN News]]}}</ref> Out of 17 buildings with cooling towers, five tested positive for the disease, including cooling towers in the Concourse Plaza Hotel and Lincoln Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City confirms 71 cases of Legionnaire's Disease |url=http://www.capitalnewyork.com/article/city-hall/2015/08/8573205/city-confirms-71-cases-legionnaires-disease |website=capitalnewyork.com}}</ref> The Opera House Hotel in the South Bronx is also considered a source of the outbreak. The outbreak is currently being investigated by the New York City Health Department<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legionnaires' Disease |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/diseases/cdlegi.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007070021/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/diseases/cdlegi.shtml |archive-date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=October 6, 2015 |website=Department of Health and Mental Hygiene |publisher=City of New York}}</ref> "Environmentalists sampled 35 cooling towers in the Morris Park area, and 15 came back with positive results." In total 52 buildings were sampled and 20 of them came back positive. |- |2015 |Northland, New Zealand |Pahiatua Fonterra Plant |Unknown |3 |0 |Unknown |This outbreak occurred at one of Fonterra's milk plants in Northland, New Zealand, in November 2015. Currently three cases have been reported, though currently no deaths. |- |2015 |Quincy, Illinois, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Veterans home |Unknown |{{Sort|58|58}} |{{Sort|13|13}} |27.7% |The outbreak investigation is ongoing<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-10 |title=Illinois is spending $2.3M to fix a Legionnaires disease outbreak in Quincy |url=http://www.pjstar.com/article/20151019/NEWS/151019368 |access-date=2017-07-01 |website=Journal Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-17 |title=Death toll stands at 13 after Quincy Legionnaires' outbreak |url=http://abc7chicago.com/health/death-toll-stands-at-13-after-quincy-legionnaires-outbreak/989129/ |access-date=2017-07-01 |website=Abc7chicago.com}}</ref> |- |2014–2016 |Flint, Genesee County, Michigan, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Countywide |McLaren Regional Medical Center |{{Sort|87|87}} |{{Sort|12|12}} |13.8% |Investigation by <nowiki><i id="mwA5c">Frontline</i></nowiki> also examined cases diagnosed as pneumonia that could have been misdiagnosed and diagnosed as Legionnaires' Disease. McLaren and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality is being sued for $100 million in regards to the outbreak. See also Flint water crisis, possibly linked to legionnaires disease |- |2016 |[[Sydney]], Australia |Sydney Town Hall |Suspected cooling tower |at least 4 |0 | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-09 |title=Town Hall area cooling tower suspected after four men contract Legionnaires disease |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/health/town-hall-area-cooling-tower-suspected-after-four-men-contract-legionnaires-disease-20160309-gnemfn.html |access-date=2016-03-10 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> |- |2016 |Hopkins, Minnesota, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Citrus Systems, Inc. |Cooling tower |23 |1 |4.3% |Confirmed by Minnesota Department of Health. 23 people became sick, 17 were hospitalized, and one person died. |- |2017 |Manhattan, New York, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Lenox Hill |TBD |7 |1 |14.3% | |- |2017 |[[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Rio Hotel and Casino |Water system |2<ref name="nytimes1" /> |0 |0 | |- |2017 |Round Rock, Texas, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |SpringHill Suites hotel |Swimming pool and hot tub |6 |0 |0 | |- |2017 |Anaheim, California, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Disneyland |Cooling towers |22 |1 |4.5% | |- |2017 |[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] |[[:pt:Hospital de São Francisco Xavier|São Francisco Xavier Hospital]] |Cooling tower |{{Sort|056|56}} |{{Sort|006|6}} |11% |In November 2017, an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred in [[:pt:Hospital de São Francisco Xavier|São Francisco Xavier Hospital]], in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. The outbreak resulted in 56 confirmed cases of Legionnaire's disease, of which 6 died.<ref name="DGS 2017-12-03">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=3 December 2017 |title=Comunicado — 03/12/2017 |trans-title=Communiqué — 3 December 2017 |url=https://www.dgs.pt/a-direccao-geral-da-saude/comunicados-e-despachos-do-director-geral/doenca-dos-legionarios-no-hospital-sao-francisco-xavier-pdf10.aspx |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[:pt:Direção-Geral da Saúde|Direção-Geral da Saúde]] |language=pt}}</ref> The investigation traced the source of the infection to a cooling tower in the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campos |first=Alexandra |date=17 November 2017 |title=Torre de arrefecimento do S. Francisco Xavier tinha estirpe fatal de Legionella |trans-title=Cooling tower in S. Francisco Xavier Hospital had the fatal strain of ''Legionella'' |url=https://www.publico.pt/2017/11/17/sociedade/noticia/uma-torre-de-arrefecimento-do-hospital-tera-sido-foco-de-legionella-1792844#gs.cvEDRSel |access-date=5 March 2019 |publisher=Público |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=David Cardoso |first=Margarida |date=29 November 2017 |title=Torre de refrigeração na origem do surto tinha manutenção deficiente, diz DGS |trans-title=Cooling tower at the origin of the outbreak had poor maintenance, says Directorate General for Health |url=https://www.publico.pt/2017/11/29/sociedade/noticia/torre-de-refrigeracao-na-origem-do-surto-tinha-manutencao-deficiente-diz-dgs-1794326#gs.g3NHjj15 |access-date=5 March 2019 |publisher=Público |language=pt}}</ref> |- |2018 |Bloomsbury, [[Landan|London]] |University College London |Water cooler |1 |0 | | |- |2018 |Washington Heights, [[New York (jiha)|New York]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |The Sugar Hill Project (Building)<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=pr065-18 |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2018/pr065-18.page |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906124539/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2018/pr065-18.page |archive-date=2018-09-06 |access-date=2018-09-06 |website=www1.nyc.gov}}</ref> |Cooling towers<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> |27<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2018 |title=Notice to Residents of Lower Washington Heights |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/cd/legionnaires-wash-cluster-faq.pdf |access-date=24 July 2018 |website=NYC Department of Heath |publisher=NYC Department of Health |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718205716/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/cd/legionnaires-wash-cluster-faq.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> |1<ref name=":1" /> |3.7% | |- |2019 |Westminster, London, England |Dolphin Square |Water System |3 |0 |0% |First case confirmed by NHS England 20 March 2019.<ref name="2019-ds-1">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2019 |title=Health officials probe case of deadly Legionnaires' Disease at one of London's most famous apartment blocks |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/health-officials-probe-case-of-deadly-legionnaires-disease-at-one-of-londons-most-famous-apartment-a4096926.html |access-date=18 June 2019 |website=[[Evening Standard]]}}</ref> Samples taken from the flexible shower hose and bathroom sink of the affected resident's flat, showed legionella bacteria present in those specific locations. Third case confirmed by Public Health England 1 July 2019. |- |2019 |Evergem, [[Beljik|Belgium]] |Ghent/Evergem Port<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=5 positieve stalen met legionella in Evergem |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20190520_04412943 |access-date=2019-05-20 |website=Het Nieuwsblad |language=nl-BE}}</ref> Stora Enso<ref>{{Cite web |title=karton- en papierfabrikant Stora Enso |url=https://www.hln.be/nieuws/binnenland/papierfabrikant-uit-gent-is-verantwoordelijk-voor-legionella-uitbraak~a91bf405/}}</ref> |Cooling Towers<ref name=":6" /> |32<ref>{{Cite web |last=lla |first=SVG |date=29 May 2019 |title=Overeenkomst gevonden tussen vijf legionellapatiënten en koeltoren, mogelijk raakten nog meer mensen besmet |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20190529_04436917 |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Het Nieuwsblad Mobile |language=nl-BE}}</ref> |2<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maes |first=Thierry Goeman en Cédric |date=14 May 2019 |title=50-jarige man eerste dodelijk slachtoffer legionella-uitbraak: "Op het laatste had hij 2 procent longcapaciteit" |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20190513_04398288 |access-date=2019-05-14 |website=Het Nieuwsblad Mobile |language=nl-BE}}</ref> |6.7% |Five samples collected from 17 initially suspected cooling towers at the Port of Ghent near Evergem, tested positive for Legionella pneumophila, 3 with average and 2 in high quantities.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legionella gevonden in stalen Gentse haven |url=https://www.hln.be/nieuws/binnenland/legionella-gevonden-in-stalen-gentse-haven~a369f4df/}}</ref> Genetic testing confirmed 1 of 2 towers with high quantities to have links with the patients.<ref>{{Cite web |last=lla |first=SVG |date=29 May 2019 |title=Overeenkomst gevonden tussen vijf legionellapatiënten en koeltoren, mogelijk raakten nog meer mensen besmet |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20190529_04436917 |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Het Nieuwsblad Mobile |language=nl-BE}}</ref> Swedish-Finnish Stora Enso admitted to be responsible.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tg |date=4 June 2019 |title=Papierfabrikant veroorzaakte legionella in Gents havengebied |url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20190604_04444140 |access-date=2019-06-14 |website=Het Nieuwsblad |language=nl-BE}}</ref> |- |2019 |[[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[New Jersey]] and [[Michigan]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Multiple locations |Not yet determined Flint MI Water Crisis |32 |6 |18.75% |As of June 4, 2019, 32 have fallen sick during the outbreaks across the states of [[New Jersey]] and [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]. Many have fallen sick and died from drinking or being near the contaminated water in Flint, Mi. |- |2019 |Atlanta, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |Sheraton downtown | |11 |0 | |[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/29/us/legionnaires-disease-sheraton-atlanta.html Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak May Have Sickened Dozens in Atlanta] |- |2019 |Fletcher, North Carolina, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |North Carolina Mountain State Fair |hot tub display |141 |4 | | ''[https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/olivianiland/hot-tub-north-carolina-legionnaires-disease-outbreak Four People Have Died From A Legionnaires' Outbreak Linked To A Hot Tub Display At A State Fair]'' ''[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/10/15/legionnaires-disease-outbreak-kills-third-north-carolina-fairgoer/3993542002/ Legionnaires' outbreak linked to hot tub display kills third North Carolina fairgoer]'' ''[https://www.npr.org/2019/10/04/767210215/n-c-officials-trace-124-legionnaires-disease-cases-to-hot-tub-at-a-fair N.C. Officials Trace 124 Legionnaires' Disease Cases To Hot Tub At A Fair]'' ''[https://epi.dph.ncdhhs.gov/cd/legionellosis/outbreak.html Investigation of an Outbreak of Legionellosis in Western North Carolina]'' |} === Shekaru na 2020 === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Shekara !Birni !Wurin da ake ciki !Tushen !Shari'o'i !Mutuwa !Adadin mutuwa !Bayani |- |2020 |[[Illinois]]" id="mwBOE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Vernon Hills, Illinois">Vernon Hills, Illinois, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |Brookdale Senior Living |A karkashin bincike |5 |1 |20% |Yaduwar cutar Legionnaires har zuwa biyar da aka ruwaito a cibiyar zama ta Vernon Hills.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norman |first=James T. |date=17 February 2020 |title=Outbreak of Legionnaires' disease up to five reported cases at Vernon Hills senior living center |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/vernon-hills/ct-vhr-senior-center-investigating-legionnaires-tl-0220-20200217-ven5t3jy7rgu7lnyaiys52ksru-story.html |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Adadin Ma'aikatan Legionnaires ya tashi zuwa biyar a Brookdale Vernon Hills Senior Living Facility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-20 |title=Number Of Legionnaires Cases Rises To Five At Brookdale Vernon Hills Senior Living Facility |url=https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2020/02/20/legionnaires-disease-vernon-hills-brookdale/ |access-date=2020-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2020 |Vila do Conde, Póvoa do Varzim, Matosinhos, Gundumar Porto, [[Portugal]] |Wuraren da yawa |A karkashin bincike |88 |15 |17% |88 masu kamuwa da cutar da kuma mutuwar 15 (11 daga cikin wadannan sun kamu da SARS-CoV-2). Har yanzu ba a san asalin kwayar cutar ba. Yaduwar Legionella mafi muni a Portugal, an ayyana shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2021. |- |2022 |San Miguel na Tucumán, Lardin Tucumán da [[Argentina]] |Asibitin kiwon lafiya |A karkashin bincike |22 |6 |27% |Rukunin cututtukan huhu da ke da alaƙa da asibitin kiwon lafiya. 22 masu kamuwa da cutar da 6 masu mutuwa (duk tare da cututtukan cututtuka). Har yanzu ba a san asalin kwayar cutar ba. |- |2023 |Rzeszów, yankin Subcarpathian, [[Poland]] |Wuraren da yawa |A karkashin bincike |164 |41 |25% |Yaduwar cutar da ke ci gaba. An yi zargin cewa tushen kwayar cuta shine tushen ruwa mai gurbatawa. |- |2024 |[[New Hampshire]]">Lincoln, New Hampshire, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |Gidan shakatawa na RiverWalk |Hasumiyar sanyaya |5 |0 |0% |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Callery |first=Tim |date=2024-08-16 |title=Officials wait for more test results after Legionnaires' disease cases in Lincoln |url=https://www.wmur.com/article/legionnaires-disease-testing-lincoln-81624/61900707 |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=WMUR |language=en}}</ref> |} == Gudanar da gwamnati don hana barkewar cutar == === Ka'idoji da dokoki === Jagoran da Hukumar Lafiya da Tsaro ta Burtaniya (HSE) ta bayar yanzu ya ba da shawarar cewa sa ido kan microbiological don tsarin sanyaya mai laushi, ta amfani da [[dipslide]], ya kamata a yi shi kowane mako. Jagoran yanzu ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa a gudanar da gwajin yau da kullun don ƙwayoyin cuta na legionella a cikin tsarin sanyaya mai laushi aƙalla kwata-kwata, kuma sau da yawa lokacin da ake ba da umarni ga tsarin, ko kuma idan an gano ƙwayoyin a wani lokaci na baya. Ƙarin jagororin Burtaniya marasa doka daga Tsarin Ba da Shawara na Dokokin Ruwa yanzu ya wanzu don kafin dumama ruwa a aikace-aikace kamar tsarin dumama ruwa na hasken rana<ref name="Makin2014">{{Cite web |date=November 2014 |title=Preheated Domestic Hot Water: Storage of Preheated Domestic Hot Water and Possible Growth of Legionella Bacteria |url=https://www.wras.co.uk/downloads/public_area/publications/general/preheated_water_Nov_2014.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108122407/https://www.wras.co.uk/downloads/public_area/publications/general/preheated_water_Nov_2014.pdf/ |archive-date=2017-01-08 |access-date=2017-07-01 |publisher=The Water Regulations Advisory Scheme}}</ref> == Manazarta == e8tdon4zd5riqbwrstfh3exeal7fj7u 0 110116 891947 707050 2026-08-06T08:57:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Horace Julian Bond''' (Janairu 14, 1940 - Agusta 15, 2015) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma ne na Amurka, shugaban ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama, ɗan siyasa, [[farfesa]], kuma [[marubuci]]. Yayinda yake dalibi a Kwalejin Morehouse a [[Atlanta]], Jojiya, a farkon shekarun 1960, ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC). A shekara ta 1971, ya kafa Cibiyar Shari'ar Talauci ta Kudu a [[Montgomery|Montgomery, Alabama]], kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta na farko kusan kusan shekaru goma.&nbsp; An zabi Bond don yin wa'adi huɗu a Majalisar Wakilai ta Georgia kuma daga baya aka zabe shi ya yi wa'adi shida a Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Georgia, yana aiki jimlar shekaru ashirin a cikin majalisun majalisa biyu. Bayan aikinsa a majalisa, ya kasance farfesa a fannin tarihi a Jami'ar Virginia daga 1990 zuwa 2012. Daga 1998 zuwa 2010, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bond a shekara ta 1940 a [[Hubbard Hospital|Asibitin Hubbard]] da ke Nashville, Tennessee, ga iyayen Julia Agnes (Washington) da Horace Mann Bond . Mahaifinsa malami ne, sannan shugaban Kwalejin Jihar Fort Valley. Mahaifiyarsa, Julia, tsohuwar mai kula da ɗakin karatu ce a Jami'ar Clark Atlanta, kuma kwalejin baƙar fata ce ta tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |author-link=National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |title=NAACP Mourns Loss of Julia Washington Bond |url=http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp--mourns-loss-of-julia-washington-bond |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001155545/http://www.naacp.org/press/entry/naacp--mourns-loss-of-julia-washington-bond |archive-date=October 1, 2013 |publisher=naacp.org}}</ref> Iyalin sun zauna a harabar jami'ar Fort Valley State College. Gidan Bonds ya kasance wurin tsayawa akai-akai ga malamai, masu gwagwarmaya, da kuma shahararrun da ke wucewa, kamar WEB Du Bois da Paul Robeson. A shekara ta 1945, mahaifin Bond ya karbi matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Lincoln, inda ya kasance shugaban Afirka na farko, kuma iyalin suka koma Arewa. A cikin 1957, Bond ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar George, makarantar share fage ta Quaker mai zaman kanta kusa da Newtown a cikin Bucks County, [[Pennsylvania]] . Ya halarci Kwalejin Morehouse, [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|kwalejin baƙar fata ta tarihi]] a Atlanta, Jojiya. Ya kasance da hannu sosai a Morehouse . Ya kasance dan wasan ninkaya a kungiyar varsity. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horarwa a [[Time (magazine)|mujallar Time]] kuma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ''The Pegasus'', mujallar wallafe-wallafe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mace |first=Emily |title=Bond, Julian (1940-2015) {{!}} Harvard Square Library |url=https://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/julian-bond/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julian Bond {{!}} Social Activist {{!}} Hilbert College |url=https://www.hilbert.edu/social-justice-activists/julian-bond |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=www.hilbert.edu |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201195226/https://www.hilbert.edu/social-justice-activists/julian-bond |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai ba tare da tashin hankali ba == A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1960, Bond ya taimaka wajen kafa Kwamitin Gudanar da Dalibai (SNCC). <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2010 |title=Founder Julian Bond Remembers 50 Years of SNCC |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126021836 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1961, Bond ya bar Morehouse don shiga ma'aikatan Atlanta Inquirer, sabon takarda na zanga-zangar baƙar fata da ya taimaka wajen kafa a lokacin rani na 1960 tare da Jesse Hill, Herman J. Russell, da sauran ɗalibai daban-daban a cikin Atlanta Student Movement ciki har da Charlayne Hunter-Gault, da Lonnie King. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Bohannon |first=Jeanne Law |date=2018-06-07 |title=Dr. Lonnie King Class Lecture 2017 |url=https://soar.kennesaw.edu/handle/11360/2403 |language=en-US |access-date=2025-08-03 |archive-date=2025-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905143329/https://soar.kennesaw.edu/handle/11360/2403 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan farar tashin hankali da aka ziyarta a lokacin rani na 1961 akan ƙoƙarin rajista na farko na masu jefa ƙuri'a (a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bob Moses) a McComb, Mississippi, ciki har da kisan gillar mai fafutuka Herbert Lee, <ref>{{Cite web |title=SNCC leaves McComb |url=https://snccdigital.org/events/sncc-leaves-mccomb/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=SNCC Digital Gateway |language=en}}</ref> Bond ya ɗauki sabon matsayi na cikakken lokaci na darektan sadarwa na SNCC wanda Casey Hayden ya taimaka, Mary King da [[Dottie Miller]], har zuwa watan Satumba na [[Mississippi (jiha)|1966]] . tuƙi a 1964) kuma zuwa [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], [[Alabama]], da [[Arkansas (jiha)|Arkansas]] . <ref name="NAACP">{{Cite web |title=Board Member: Julian Bond |url=http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822015928/http://www.naacp.org/preview/pages/julian-bond |archive-date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=NAACP}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kuma ba tare da rungumar tsarin baƙar fata ba, Bond ya kammala cewa ci gaba da kasancewar masu shirya fararen fata a SNCC yana lalata amincewar baƙar fata. Daga baya ya ce:<blockquote>"Sarakunan da Freedom Summer ta samu sun samo asali ne daga rungumar wata matsala - ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi yaƙi da tsattsauran ra'ayi ta hanyar yin kira ga mutanen da suka fi damuwa da fararen fata, ba baƙi ba. Yin kira ga wariyar launin fata na al'ummar da ta yarda da fifiko ga fararen fata don fadada gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama a Kudu, SNCC ta saba wa imanin ta a cikin daidaito na dukkan kabilu, kuma ta rage dagewarta cewa 'yan asalin baƙi sun fi shirya don jagorantar gwagwarmaya da rinjayar su daga ceto. "</blockquote>A lokacin da yake da shekaru 31, tare da SNCC zubar da ma'aikata da masu sa kai bayan hadewar da ba ta yi nasara ba tare da Black Panther Party, Bond ya koma Kwalejin Morehouse a 1971, don kammala karatun digiri na farko a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jared Yeskey |last2=Pennsylvania State University |author-link2=Pennsylvania State University |year=2005 |title=Julian Bond – The Pennsylvania Center for the Book |url=http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Bond__Julian.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515191045/http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Bond__Julian.html |archive-date=May 15, 2013 |publisher=psu.edu}}</ref> == Babban Taron Georgia == [[Fayil:(Julian_Bond,_member_of_the_Georgia_House_of_Representatives,_head-and-shoulders_portrait,_facing_front)_(LOC)_-_Flickr_-_The_Library_of_Congress.jpg|thumb|Bond a cikin 1966]] Baya ga shirya tare da SNCC, Bond ya gudu don ofishin siyasa a [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]]. A shekara ta 1965, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan Afirka 11 da aka zaba a Majalisar Wakilai ta Georgia . An taimaka musu ta hanyar fadada ikon mallakar baƙi a cikin jihar, waɗanda suka fi tallafawa 'yan takarar Jam'iyyar Democrat, bayan da aka zartar da [[Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964]] da [[Dokar 'Yancin yin Zaɓe ta 1965|Dokar 'Yancin Zabe ta 1965]]. Wannan na ƙarshe musamman ya kawo kulawar tarayya don aiwatar da haƙƙin tsarin mulki na baƙi don jefa kuri'a. Yayin da jihohi suka kawo karshen ayyukan nuna bambanci a cikin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a, [[Afirkawan Amurka|'Yan Afirka na Afirka]] sun sake samun damar jefa kuri'u kuma sun shiga tsarin siyasa. Kodayake da farko bai yanke shawara game da ƙungiyar jam'iyyarsa ba, Bond daga ƙarshe ya gudu kuma an zabe shi a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Democrat, jam'iyyar Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson, wanda ya goyi bayan haƙƙin jama'a, kuma ya sanya hannu kan [[Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964|Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama]] da Dokar 'YanYancin Zabe a cikin doka.<ref>''Yes We Did?: From King's Dream to Obama's Promise'' (2009) by Cynthia Griggs Fleming, {{ISBN|978-0813141060}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 1966, wakilan Georgia sun kada kuri'a 184-12 kada su zauna Bond bayan zaben, saboda ya amince da manufofin SNCC na adawa da Amurka ta shiga cikin yakin Vietnam. Biyar daga cikin wakilan da suka jefa kuri'a don zama Bond fari ne, ciki har da Republican Rodney Cook . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rodney Mims Cook Papers |url=https://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId=ead/RBRL180RMC-ead.xml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518220032/https://russelldoc.galib.uga.edu/russell/view?docId=ead%2FRBRL180RMC-ead.xml |archive-date=May 18, 2020 |access-date=2020-12-28 |website=russelldoc.galib.uga.edu}}</ref> Ba su son nuna tausayi ga mutanen da "ba sa son amsawa ga aikin soja". [bayyanawa da ake buƙata]  Bond ya kai majalisar dokoki kotu. Kwamitin alƙalai uku na Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Gundumar Arewacin Georgia sun yanke hukunci a cikin yanke shawara 2-1 cewa Gidan Georgia bai keta duk wani haƙƙin tsarin mulki na Bond ba. Shari'ar ta kai [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] a shekarar 1966, wacce ta yanke hukunci 9-0 a cikin shari'ar Bond v. Floyd (385 US 116) cewa Majalisar Wakilai ta Georgia ta hana Bond [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin magana]] kuma an buƙaci ya zauna a kansa. Daga 1967 zuwa 1975, an zabi Bond zuwa wa'adi huɗu a cikin Gidan Georgia, inda ya shirya kungiyar Black Caucus ta Georgia. A watan Janairun 1967, Bond na cikin mambobi goma sha ɗaya na gidan Georgia waɗanda suka ki yin zabe lokacin da majalisar dokoki ta zabi dan jam'iyyar Democrat [[Lester Maddox]] na Atlanta a matsayin [[List of Governors of Georgia|gwamnan Georgia]] a kan [[Bo Callaway]] na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]]. Callaway ya jagoranci a [[General election|babban zabe]] [[Georgia gubernatorial election, 1966|1966]] da kuri'u dubu uku. A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Georgia na 1824, majalisar dokoki ta jihar ta warware zaben saboda babu wani dan takarar jam'iyya da ya samu rinjaye a babban zaben. Tsohon Gwamna [[Ellis Arnall]] ya samu kuri'u sama da dubu hamsin a matsayin dan takara na rubuce-rubuce, wani abu da ya haifar da rikici. Bond ba zai goyi bayan ko Maddox ko Callaway ba, kodayake an umarce shi da ya jefa kuri'a ta hanyar Laftanar Gwamna [[Peter Zack Geer]]. A duk lokacin da yake aiki a majalisar, Bond ya yi hulɗa da sake sake rarraba gundumar sa ta majalisar dokoki ta jihar: * 1967-1969: 136th * 1969-1973: na 111 <ref>{{Cite web |title=wrap.cgi Error |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=306491491 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725072302/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=306491491 |archive-date=July 25, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |website=uga.edu}}</ref> * 1973-1974: na 32 <ref>{{Cite web |title=wrap.cgi Error |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=337841181 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725061433/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=337841181 |archive-date=July 25, 2017 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |website=uga.edu}}</ref> An zabi Bond a shekara ta 1974 don karo na farko na wa'adi shida a Majalisar Dattawan Georgia, inda ya yi aiki daga 1975 zuwa 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 2012 |title=A Conversation with Civil Rights Icon, Julian Bond |url=http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/archives/videos/item/conversation-civil-rights-icon-julian-bond |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003235249/http://wws.princeton.edu/news-and-events/archives/videos/item/conversation-civil-rights-icon-julian-bond |archive-date=October 3, 2015 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=Woodrow Wilson School of Public & International Affairs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=1974 |title=Members of Georgia House of Representatives alphabetically arranged according to names, with districts and post offices for the term 1974–1975 |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=357672973 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=357672973 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2011 |website=Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |publisher=Georgia Legislature |page=2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=1973 |title=Members of the Senate of Georgia by Districts in Numerical Order and Post Offices for the Term 1973–1974 |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=347539990 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=347539990 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2011 |website=Acts and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |page=1671}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Georgia House of Representatives for the term 1987–1988 by districts and addresses |url=http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=480518459 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107175708/http://metis.galib.uga.edu/ssp/cgi-bin/legis-idx.pl?sessionid=ae3209bc-778f764566-3062&type=backdiv&byte=480518459 |archive-date=January 7, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2011 |website=Acts and resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia |publisher=Georgia Legislature |page=CLXXIV}}</ref> A lokacin Zaben shugaban kasa na 1968, Bond ya jagoranci wata tawagar daga Georgia zuwa Yarjejeniyar Kasa ta Democrat a [[Chicago]]. A can ne dan Afirka na farko da aka shigar da sunansa a cikin gabatarwa a matsayin babban dan takarar jam'iyya na Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka. Bond mai shekaru 28 ya ƙi da sauri, yana mai da hankali ga abin da tsarin mulki ya buƙaci cewa dole ne mutum ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 35 don yin aiki a wannan ofishin. == Ayyuka da bayyanar a cikin kafofin watsa labarai == [[Fayil:Julianbondmovie.jpg|thumb|Bond a lokacin yin fim na ''Julian Bond'' (2012) ]] A cikin 2012, an nuna Bond a cikin Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement, fim din Eduardo Montes-Bradley.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hackman |first=Timothy |date=2 May 2013 |title=Review of Julian Bond: Reflections from the Frontlines of the Civil Rights Movement |url=http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/13889 |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=Digital Repository at the University of Maryland}}</ref> Daga 1980 zuwa 1997, Bond ya dauki bakuncin Black Forum na Amurka. Ya kuma kasance mai sharhi ga ''Byline'' na rediyo da [[NBC]]'s The Today Show . Ya wallafa shafi na jaridar da aka hada da ita a kasar Viewpoint, kuma ya ba da labarin jerin shirye-shiryen PBS masu suna Eyes on the Prize a cikin 1987 da 1990. <ref name="american">{{Cite web |title=Julian Bond |url=http://www.american.edu/spa/faculty/hjb7g.cfm |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=American University}}</ref> Bond ya ''Sarki'' bakuncin Asabar Night Live a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1977, ya zama baƙar fata na farko da ya yi hakan. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya kuma bayyana a cikin motar Richard Pryor Greased Lightning . A shekara ta 1978, Bond ya buga kansa a cikin miniseries King . <ref>''Epic Television Miniseries: A Critical History'' (2010) by John De Vito and Frank Tropea, p. 181, {{ISBN|978-0786441495}}</ref> Ya kuma yi karamin fitowa yana wasa da Wakilin Jiha John E. White a fim din ''Ray'' (2004), kuma ya buga kansa a fim din ''5 zuwa 7'' (2014). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julian Bond |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0093971/ |access-date=August 16, 2015 |publisher=IMDb}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1961, Bond ya auri Alice Clopton, daliba a Kwalejin Spelman. Suna da 'ya'ya biyar: Phyllis Jane Bond-McMillan, Horace Mann Bond II, Michael Julian Bond (wani wakilin Atlanta City), Jeffrey Alvin Bond, da Julia Louise Bond . Sun sake aure a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1989. A cikin 1990 Bond ya auri Pamela Sue Horowitz, tsohon lauya na ma'aikatan SPLC. Bond ya mutu daga rikitarwa na cututtukan jijiyoyi a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2015, a Fort Walton Beach, Florida, yana da shekaru 75. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] por60w7b1ugrkxviqvi3gm3n2q23ozb 0 110621 891910 689681 2026-08-06T06:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">John Trudell</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:John_Trudell_1997-09-24_61232-37.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Trudell a cikin 1997</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1946-02-15</span>)</span> Fabrairu 15, 1946 <div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Omaha]], Nebraska, Amurka</div><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ya mutu | class="infobox-data" |Disamba 8, 2015 <span style="display:none">(2015-12-08)</span> (shekaru 69) Santa Clara County, California, Amurka&nbsp;<br /><div class="deathplace" style="display:inline">[[Santa Clara County, California|Gundumar Santa Clara, California]], Amurka</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasancewa ɗan ƙasa | class="infobox-data category" |Santee Sioux Nation, Amurka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |Mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar, mawaki, mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙungiya | class="infobox-data org" |[[American Indian Movement|Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ma'aurata | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * <templatestyles src="Template:Marriage/styles.css" /> <div class="marriage-display-inline">Fenicia Ordonez (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;married</nowiki&gt;">m.</abbr> 1968; <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;divorced</nowiki&gt;">div.</abbr> 1970) &nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</div> * <templatestyles src="Template:Marriage/styles.css" /> <div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Tina Manning</div> (<abbr title="<nowiki&gt;married</nowiki&gt;">m.</abbr> 1972; ta mutu 1979) &nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Abokin hulɗa | class="infobox-data" |Marcheline Bertrand (?-2007) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yara | class="infobox-data" |5 |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;" |Ayyukan soja |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Aminci | class="infobox-data" |Amurka<span class="flagicon">[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_States_(Web_Colors).svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Ofishin reshe | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]&nbsp;</span>Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em" |Shekaru na hidima&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1963–1967 |} '''John Trudell''' (Fabrairu 15, 1946 - Disamba 8, 2015) marubuci ne 'Yan asalin Amurka, mawaki, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙi, kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. Ya kasance mai magana da yawun Indiyawa na All Tribes na mamaye Alcatraz tun daga shekarar 1969, yana watsa shirye-shirye a matsayin ''Rediyo Free Alcatraz'' . A mafi yawan shekarun 1970s, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]], wanda ke zaune a Minneapolis, Minnesota.{{Spaced en dash}} Bayan matarsa mai ciki, yara uku, da surukarta sun mutu a 1979 a cikin wani mummunan wuta a gidan surukinsa a Shoshone-Paiute Tribes Duck Valley Indian Reservation a [[Nevada]], ''Trudell'' ya juya zuwa rubuce-rubuce, kiɗa da fim a matsayin aiki na biyu. Ya yi fim a cikin shekarun 1990. An yi fim din Trudell (2005) game da shi da rayuwarsa a matsayin mai fafutuka da mai zane. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Trudell a Omaha, Nebraska a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1946, ɗan mahaifin Santee Dakota da mahaifiyar Mexican-Amurka.<ref name="greatplains">{{Cite web |last=Reinhardt |first=Akim D. |title=Trudell, John (b. 1946) |url=http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.mus.046 |access-date=3 April 2025 |website=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=University of Nebraska–Lincoln}}</ref> Ya girma a cikin ƙananan garuruwa kusa da Santee Sioux Reservation a arewacin Nebraska kusa da kusurwar kudu maso gabashin [[South Dakota|Dakota ta Kudu]]. Ya yi karatu a makarantun gida da kuma al'adun Santee Dakota . == Ayyukan soja == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 a 1963, Trudell ya bar makarantar sakandare kuma ya bar Midwest don shiga rundunar sojan ruwa ta Amurka. Ya yi aiki a farkon shekarun Yaƙin Vietnam kuma ya kasance a cikin Sojan Ruwa har zuwa 1967. Bayan haka, ya halarci [[San Bernardino]] Valley College">Kwalejin San Bernardino Valley, kwalejin al'umma ta shekaru biyu a San Bernardino, [[California]], yana karatun rediyo da watsa shirye-shirye. == Yunkurin fafutuka == Bayan barin soja, Trudell ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar Indiya. A shekara ta 1969, ya zama mai magana da yawun United Indians of All Tribes na Tsibirin Alcatraz . Wannan kungiya ce mafi yawan ɗalibai da ta haɓaka a San Francisco. Trudell ya tafi Alcatraz mako guda bayan da aka fara aikin. Ya yi amfani da asalinsa a cikin watsa shirye-shirye kuma ya gudanar da tashar rediyo daga tsibirin ta hanyar tsari na hadin gwiwa tare da dalibai a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, yana watsa shirye-aikace da dare a kan tashar Berkeley FM KPFA. An kira wasan kwaikwayon ''Rediyo Free Alcatraz'' . Ya tattauna dalilin zama da batutuwan Indiyawan Amurka kuma ya buga waƙoƙin gargajiya na 'yan asalin Amurka. Ya soki yadda "tsarin a yau an tsara shi ne kawai ga bukatun fararen fata. " [Wannan magana tana buƙatar ambaton] Ya yi magana ga yawancin 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka yi imanin cewa ba su dace da yawancin mutanen Turai-Amurka na ƙasar ba. Ya zama mai magana da yawun sana'a musamman kuma ga Alcatraz-Red Power Movement gabaɗaya, kamar yadda marubucin Vine Deloria, Jr. ya kira shi. Trudell ya kasance mai magana da yawun kusan shekaru biyu, har zuwa shekara ta 1971.  Bayan gazawar gwamnatin tarayya don biyan bukatun masu zanga-zangar a Alcatraz, Trudell ya shiga [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]]. An kafa shi a shekarar 1968 a Minneapolis tsakanin Indiyawa na Amurka na birane, na farko don magance zargin cin zarafin 'yan sanda da rashin adalci a cikin tsarin tilasta bin doka. Trudell ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa daga 1973 har zuwa 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Trudell |url=http://johntrudell.com/bio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014150205/http://johntrudell.com/bio.html |archive-date=2013-10-14 |access-date=2013-11-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Testimony of John Trudell |url=http://www.jfamr.org/doc/trudell.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818150724/http://www.jfamr.org/doc/trudell.html |archive-date=2006-08-18 |access-date=2013-11-14}}</ref> Ya ɗauki matsayin bayan an yanke wa shugaban farko, Carter Camp, hukunci saboda ayyukan da suka shafi zanga-zangar kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. === Rashin iyali a cikin wuta === A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1979, matar Trudell Tina Manning, 'ya'yansu uku da surukinsa, Leah Hicks-Manning, sun mutu a cikin wuta mai ban tsoro a gidan surukinsa a Duck Valley Indian Reservation a [[Nevada]]. Surukinsa Arthur Manning ya tsira. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Ƙabilar [[Duck Valley Shoshone Paiute]] wacce ke aiki don haƙƙin yarjejeniya. Masu adawa sun hada da shugaban 'yan sanda na kabilanci da kuma mai kula da BIA, John Artichoker . Leah ta tsara ayyukan zamantakewa a wurin ajiya. Tina tana aiki ne don haƙƙin ruwa na kabilanci a tafkin Wild Horse. Masu adawa da kamfen dinta sun hada da jami'an BIA na gida, Elko County da jami'in jihar Nevada, mambobin masana'antar nishaɗin ruwa, da fararen ranchers na gida. Sauran masu fafutuka sun kuma yi hasashen ko akwai sa hannun gwamnati a bayan bala'in. Wutar gidan da ta kashe dangin Trudell ta faru ne a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan ya ƙone tutar Amurka a kan matakai na ginin FBI a Washington DC don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda gwamnati ke bi da 'yan asalin Amurka da Sioux Nation. Trudell ya yi imanin cewa wuta an yi ta ne don yin barazana da kuma yin shiru da shi da matarsa mai fafutuka.<ref name="trudell" /> Trudell ya yi imanin cewa gobarar ta tashi ne, amma binciken 'yan sandan BIA ya yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi kuskure. A cikin tambayoyi da yawa, ya nuna rashin amincewa ga gwamnatin tarayya da kuma musamman FBI. An shigar da FBI cikin kuskure a cikin Pine Ridge da sauran abubuwan da aka ajiye a wannan lokacin, wanda ya haɗa da bayar da tallafin kuɗi ga Ma'aikatan Dick Wilson na Oglala Nation (GOONS). Ainihin GOONS, wanda Dickie Wilson ya biya (wanda kuma FBI ta biya), Shugaban Majalisar Band na lokacin (wanda aka zaba a cikin abin da mutane da yawa suka yi imani da shi a zaben da aka yi magudi), sun firgita tare da kashe al'ummar Sioux na gargajiya wadanda suka nuna adawa da yadda gwamnatin tarayya ke mu'amala da jama'ar Indiyawan Amurka. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> === Rikici na kisan kiyashi na Aquash === A shekara ta 2004, Trudell ya ba da shaida a cikin shari'ar tarayya ta Arlo Looking Cloud, memba na Oglala Lakota American Indian Movement (AIM) wanda ake tuhuma da satar da kuma kisan [[Anna Mae Aquash]], mace mafi girma a AIM, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1975. Trudell ya shaida cewa Looking Cloud ya gaya masa cewa [[John Graham (mai fafutuka na Kanada)|John Graham]], wani memba na AIM mai ƙarancin matsayi, shine mai bindiga a cikin kisan. Trudell ya gano Graham daga hotuna. An yanke wa Looking Cloud hukunci a shekara ta 2004 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. Shaidarsa ta kasance wani ɓangare na shaidar da alƙalin Kanada ya yi la'akari da ita wanda ya ba da umarnin mika Graham zuwa Amurka a watan Fabrairun 2005. A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2005, kungiyar matasa ta Native Youth Movement Vancouver ta ba da sanarwar kauracewa waƙoƙin Trudell da shayari don ramawa ga shaidarsa kuma ta yi zargin cewa FBI ta kashe Aquash.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2007 |title="NYM Vancouver announces boycott of John Trudell" |url=https://ourfreedom.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/nym-vancouver-announces-boycott-of-john-trudell/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311214312/https://ourfreedom.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/nym-vancouver-announces-boycott-of-john-trudell/ |archive-date=11 March 2016 |access-date=2 June 2022}} , Our Freedom Blog, June 7, 2007</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an yanke wa Graham hukunci a kotun jihar Dakota ta Kudu na kisan kiyashi na Aquash kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai. == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == Trudell ya kirkiro aiki a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, yana taka rawa a cikin Pow Wow Highway (1989), Thunderheart (1992), On Deadly Ground (1994) da Smoke Signals (1998) (a matsayin mai magana da rediyo Randy Peone a rediyo na K-REZ ). Ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga samar da Incident a Oglala, wanda Michael Apted ya jagoranta kuma Robert Redford ya samar da shi. Wani nau'i ne na aboki ga Thunderheart na almara, fim din na 1992 ya binciki gaskiyar da ta shafi harbi na 1975 na jami'an FBI biyu a Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, wanda aka yanke wa [[Leonard Peltier]] hukunci a 1977. A cikin Thunderheart, Trudell ya taka rawar da ta yi kama da Peltier. {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1989 |''Hanyar Pow Wow'' |Louie gajeren gashi | |- |1992 |''Zuciya Mai Girma'' |Jimmy Ya Dubi Sau Biyu | |- |1994 |''A Ƙasa Mai Mutuwa'' |Johnny Redfeather | |- |1996 |''Matakan Ƙarfi'' |Tony | |- |1998 |''Alamar hayaƙi'' |Randy Peone | |- |2003 |''Mai kula da mafarki'' |Coyote | |- |2004 |''Sawtooth'' |Tsuntsu | |- |2012 |''Jinin Duhu'' |Indiya # 2 | |- |2017 |''Rumble: Indiyawa da suka girgiza Duniya'' |Shi da kansa | |} == Hotuna == Mai shirya fina-finai [[Heather Rae]] ya shafe fiye da shekaru goma yana yin wani [[Documentary film|shirin gaskiya]] game da Trudell, wanda aka saki a cikin 2005. Manufarta a cikin ''[[Trudell]]'' (2005) ita ce ta nuna yadda ayyukan siyasa da al'adu suka danganta da tarihin zamani da kuma karfafa mutane. An fara fim ɗin a [[Sundance Film Festival|bikin Fim na Sundance]] na 2005 a gasar shirya fina-finai ta Amurka. Fim ɗin ya sami amsa dabam-dabam tsakanin masu sukar fim da masu kallo. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa yana da tada hankali kuma yana taɓawa, yayin da wasu suka ba da shawarar Rae ya yi [[biopic]] mai girma ɗaya. Waƙar da aka yi ^{&#x5B; ''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|da]]'' &#x5D;} a ƙarshen fim ɗin ita ce "Johnny Lobo" game da Trudell ta [[Kris Kristofferson]], daga kundi na 1995 ''[[A Moment of Forever|A Lokacin Har abada]]'' . <ref name="Native Blog2">{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Larry |date=June 13, 2006 |title=About the Film 'Trudell-The Movie' |url=http://nativeblog.typepad.com/the_potawatomitracks_blog/2006/06/about_the_film_.html |access-date=September 8, 2014 |website=The Native Blog |archive-date=September 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195834/http://nativeblog.typepad.com/the_potawatomitracks_blog/2006/06/about_the_film_.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2012 |title=Johnny Lobo. A tribute to John Trudell By Kris Kristofferson & The Highway Men (video) |url=http://axisoflogic.com/artman/publish/Article_64462.shtml |access-date=September 8, 2014 |website=Axis of Logic}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r7juj3nths904rj1huwjkj30uvacygu 0 110933 891858 803449 2026-08-06T05:24:21Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|1 */ 891858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam''' ('''CMHR'''; Faransanci: ) ) wani kamfani ne na Kanada Crown kuma gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa wanda ke cikin Winnipeg, Manitoba, kusa da The Forks. Manufar gidan kayan gargajiya ita ce "bincika batun 'yancin ɗan adam tare da wani bayani na musamman amma ba keɓance ga Kanada ba, don haɓaka fahimtar jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam, haɓaka mutunta wasu da ƙarfafa tunani da tattaunawa. "<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Info Source |url=https://humanrights.ca/about/governance-and-reports/info-source |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=CMHR |language=en}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 2008 ta hanyar aiwatar da Bill C-42, gyare-gyare na ''Dokar Gidajen Tarihi'' ta Kanada, <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-31 |title=Prime Minister of Canada: Backgrounder: the Canadian Museum for Human Rights |url=http://pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2355 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331053730/http://pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=2355 |archive-date=31 March 2010 |access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> CMHR shine sabon gidan kayan gargajiya na farko da aka kirkira a Kanada tun 1967, kuma shine gidan kayan gargajiya ya farko na Kanada da ya kasance a waje da Babban Birnin Kasa.{{Sfn|Government of Canada|2008}} Gidan kayan gargajiya ya gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa a ranar 19 ga Satumba 2014. Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Kanadiya don Haƙƙin Dan Adam ƙungiyar agaji ce da ke da alhakin jawowa da kiyaye duk nau'ikan gudummawar agaji ga Gidan kayan tarihin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://friendsofcmhr.com/about-us/ |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=Friends of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Ci gaba === Marigayi Izzy Asper - lauya ne na Kanada, ɗan siyasa, kuma wanda ya kafa kamfanin watsa labarai na Canwest Global Communications - an yaba shi da ra'ayin da hangen nesa don kafa CMHR, bayan ya fara fitowa da ra'ayi a ranar 18 ga Yuli 2000 don gina gidan kayan gargajiya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Canadian Museum for Human Rights – The Asper Foundation |url=http://asperfoundation.com/canadian-museum-for-human-rights/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Asper ya yi fatan zai zama wurin da dalibai daga ko'ina cikin Kanada za su iya zuwa don koyo game da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ya kuma ga shi a matsayin damar sake farfado da garin Winnipeg da kara yawon bude ido zuwa birnin, da kuma kara fahimtar da wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam, inganta girmamawa ga wasu, da ƙarfafa tunani, tattaunawa, da aiki. Yin aiki a kan ra'ayinsa na tsawon shekaru uku, Asper yana da cikakken binciken yiwuwar da masana gidan kayan gargajiya daga ko'ina cikin Kanada suka gudanar.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2003, Asper ya kafa Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam, ƙungiyar agaji mai zaman kanta, don gina CMHR. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, ranar cika shekaru 21 na Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Kanada da' Yanci, an gudanar da wani taron a The [[Government of Winnipeg|na Winnipeg]]">Forks a Winnipeg inda Asper ya fara sanar da niyyar kirkirar CMHR. An sanar da shi a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Asper Foundation da gwamnatocin Kanada, Manitoba, da Winnipeg, da kuma ƙasar da Forks Renewal Corporation ta bayar.<ref name=":2"/> Firayim Minista [[Jean Chrétien]] ya ba da dala miliyan 30 na farko ga farashin babban birnin, kuma ba da daɗewa ba Abokan CMHR ne suka kula da tara kudade masu zaman kansu.<ref name=":2" /> Gidauniyar Asper ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 20. Daga baya waccan shekarar, a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, Izzy Asper ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani yana da shekaru 71 a hanyarsa don sanar da gasar gine-gine a Vancouver don ƙirar CMHR. Da yake alƙawarin ci gaba da haɓaka gidan kayan gargajiya, danginsa da Gidauniyar Asper sun ci gaba da aikin, wanda 'yar Izzy, Gail Asper ke jagoranta.<ref name=":2"/> Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam sun ƙaddamar da gasar gine-gine ta duniya don ƙirar CMHR, ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasa na gine-gine na Kanada. An gabatar da gabatarwar 100 daga kasashe 21 a duk duniya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://humanrights.ca/about/our-history |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=CMHR |language=en}}</ref> Kwamitin alƙalai ya zaɓi ƙirar da Antoine Predock, masanin gine-gine daga Albuquerque, New Mexico ya gabatar. A halin yanzu, an hayar Ralph Appelbaum, shugaban Ralph Appelgaum Associates, kamfanin zane-zane na gidan kayan gargajiya mafi girma a duniya, don bunkasa abubuwan baje kolin CMHR.<ref name=":3" /> === Shari'a, gini, da buɗewa === A ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2007, Firayim Minista [[Stephen Harper]] ya sanar da niyyar Gwamnatin Kanada ta sanya CMHR a cikin Gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa. A ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, Bill C-42, Dokar da za ta yi gyare-gyare ga Dokar Gidajen Tarihi da kuma yin gyare- gyare-gine ga wasu Ayyukan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Bill (House of Commons) C-42 (39-2) – Royal Assent – An Act to amend the Museums Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts – Parliament of Canada |url=https://parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/39-2/bill/C-42/royal-assent |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=parl.ca |language=en}}</ref> ta sami amincewar sarauta a Majalisar tare da goyon baya daga dukkan jam'iyyun siyasa, ta kirkiro Gidan Tarihin Dan Adam na Kanada a matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa. {{Sfn|Government of Canada|2008}} [[Fayil:Winnipeg_(6381787999).jpg|alt=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|left|thumb|273x273px|Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam, Nuwamba 2011]] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2008, TNS / The Antima Group ta kammala aikin bincike na ra'ayi da gwamnati ke tallafawa. Rahoton da ya biyo baya - wanda ya dogara da mahalarta ƙungiyar mai da hankali - ya lissafa waɗannan: batutuwan da CMHR zata iya rufewa (ba bisa ga fifiko ba); mahimman abubuwan da suka faru a cikin nasarorin haƙƙin ɗan adam, a Kanada da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya; muhawara ta yanzu game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam; da abubuwan da suka gabata inda Kanada ta nuna cin amana ko sadaukarwa ga haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa. Kafin a fara aikin gine-ginen, masana ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, tare da tuntubar dattijai, sun gudanar da wani aikin tono mai yawa tare da kwato kayayyakin tarihi sama da 400,000 a kasashen kakanni.<ref name=":3"/> An gudanar da bikin kaddamarwa a shafin yanar gizon CMHR a ranar 19 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, kuma aikin hukuma a shafin ya fara ne a watan Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa. (An fara sa ran kammala ginin a shekarar 2012.) Shugaban kwamitin ya yi murabus kafin wa'adinsa ya ƙare, kuma an nada sabon shugaban wucin gadi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-07-01 |title=Building the Museum {{!}} Canadian Museum for Human Rights |url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701035553/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/building-museum |archive-date=1 July 2010 |access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2010, Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II]] - bayan da kanta ta zaɓi wani dutse daga Runnymede, yankin Ingilishi inda aka rufe Magna Carta a cikin 1215 - ta buɗe ginshiƙi na Gidan kayan tarihi, wanda aka rubuta da saƙo daga Sarauniya kuma yana cikin dutsen Manitoba Tyndall.<ref name=":3"/> An shigar da na karshe na 1,669 na gilashin da aka yanka a watan Satumbar 2012, kuma a cikin 'yan watanni an kammala ginin tushe.<ref name=":3"/> An kaddamar da gidan kayan gargajiya a shekarar 2014. Har ila yau, a cikin 2014, an shimfiɗa hanyar da ke gaban CMHR mai suna Isra'ila Asper Way . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=City names street after Israel Asper |url=https://winnipegsun.com/2014/05/05/street-to-be-named-for-israel-asper |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=winnipegsun |language=en-CA |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604092717/https://winnipegsun.com/2014/05/05/street-to-be-named-for-israel-asper |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban bude gidan kayan gargajiya a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2014 ya nuna rashin amincewa da kungiyoyin masu fafutuka da yawa, wadanda suka nuna ra'ayin cewa an nuna tarihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ba daidai ba ko kuma an cire su daga gidan kayan gargajiya. Kungiyar kiɗa ta First Nations A Tribe Called Red, wacce aka shirya ta yi a bikin buɗewa, ta fice don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda gidan kayan gargajiya ke rufe batutuwan First Nations. == Kudin == [[Fayil:Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights,_April_2014,_showing_sign_with_expected_opening_date.jpg|alt=Canadian Museum for Human Rights|thumb|272x272px|Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam, wanda aka gani daga Provencher Boulevard a watan Afrilun 2014]] Kudade don babban kuɗaɗen CMHR yana fitowa ne daga hukunce-hukuncen gwamnati uku, Crown na tarayya, Crown na lardi, da birnin Winnipeg, da kuma gudummawa na sirri. Jimlar kasafin kudin gina wajen na CMHR da abin da ke cikinsa ya kai dala miliyan 310 a watan Fabrairun 2011. A lokacin da aka bude shi a watan Satumbar 2014, kudin gidan kayan gargajiya ya kai kusan dala miliyan 351. Har zuwa yau, Gwamnatin Kanada ta ware dala miliyan 100; Gwamnatin Manitoba ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 40; kuma Birnin Winnipeg ya ba da guddinawar dala miliyan 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-05 |title=4. Financial Statements {{!}} Canadian Museum for Human Rights |url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/corporate-governance/corporate-reports/coporate-plans/4-financial-statements |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305082148/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/corporate-governance/corporate-reports/coporate-plans/4-financial-statements |archive-date=5 March 2012 |access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam, karkashin jagorancin Gail Asper, sun tara fiye da dala miliyan 130 a cikin gudummawar masu zaman kansu daga ko'ina cikin Kanada zuwa burin karshe na dala miliyan 150. Wadannan alkawuran masu zaman kansu sun hada da dala miliyan 4.5 daga kamfanonin kambi na lardin a Manitoba da dala miliyan 5 daga Gwamnatin Ontario. Gidan Tarihi na Kanada na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya nemi ƙarin dala miliyan 35 a cikin kudade daga gwamnatin tarayya don rufe rashi. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, CMHR ta karɓi ƙarin dala miliyan 3.6 daga Birnin Winnipeg, wanda aka karɓa daga tallafin tarayya ga birnin maimakon haraji ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Gwamnatin Kanada ce ke ba da kasafin kudin aiki na CMHR, saboda CMHR gidan kayan gargajiya ne na kasa. Kudin da aka kiyasta ga gwamnatin tarayya shine dala miliyan 22 a kowace shekara. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, CMHR ta ba da sanarwar cewa saboda hauhawar farashi ga nune-nunen ciki na gidan kayan gargajiya, jimlar kuɗin ginin ya karu da ƙarin dala miliyan 41 zuwa sabon jimlar dala miliyan 351. A watan Yulin 2012, gwamnatocin tarayya da larduna sun amince da kara inganta kudaden shiga ga CMHR har zuwa dala miliyan 70, ta hanyar haɗuwa da rancen tarayya da garantin rancen lardin. Wannan sabon kudade yana da mahimmanci don kammala nune-nunen ciki don gidan kayan gargajiya ya buɗe a hukumance a cikin 2014, shekaru biyu da suka gabata. == Gine-gine == [[Fayil:CMHR.jpg|alt=A model of the Canadian Museum of Human Rights.|left|thumb|Tsarin gine-gine na Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam]] Gidan bene na ginin yana ba da daidaitawa da filin taro, kantin kyauta, gidan abinci, da sabis na baƙi. Hotuna a kan matakai daban-daban suna haɗe ta hanyar raƙuman alabaster mai ban mamaki, gami da Hall of Hope. Hakanan akwai Lambun Tunani, wanda ke da wuraren tafki na ruwa wanda basalt baƙar fata na Mongolian ke da alaƙa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Canadian Museum of Human Rights |url=https://www.winnipegarchitecture.ca/canadian-museum-for-human-rights/ |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=Winnipeg Architecture Foundation}}</ref> Da farko da Babban Hall, ƙwarewar baƙon ya ƙare a cikin Hasumiyar Asper of Hope na Isra'ila, gilashin gilashin mita 100 da ke fitowa daga CMHR wanda ke ba da baƙi ra'ayoyi na cikin garin Winnipeg. === Tsarin zane da gini === A shekara ta 2003, Abokan Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam sun ƙaddamar da gasar gine-gine ta duniya don ƙirar CMHR. An gabatar da gabatarwar 100 daga kasashe 21 a duk duniya. Kwamitin alƙalai ya zaɓi ƙirar da Antoine Predock ya gabatar daga Albuquerque, New Mexico. Ra'ayinsa ga CMHR tafiya ce, ta fara da saukowa cikin ƙasa inda baƙi suka shiga CMHR ta hanyar "tushen" gidan kayan gargajiya. Ana jagorantar baƙi ta hanyar Babban Zauren, sannan jerin manyan sarari da ramuka, kafin su ƙare a cikin "Hasumiya Bege", wani tsayi mai tsawo wanda ke fitowa daga CMHR. An nakalto shi yana cewa: "Sau da yawa ana tambayar ni abin da na fi so, mafi mahimmancin ginin da nake da shi.... Ina shiga rikodin yanzu... 'Wannan shi ne.'" Ilhamar Predock ga CMHR ta fito ne daga yanayin yanayi da wuraren buɗe ido a Kanada, gami da bishiyoyi, ƙanƙara, fitilun arewa, al'ummomin ƙasashen farko a Kanada, da tushen ayyukan haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ya bayyana CMHR ta wannan hanya: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Museum For Human Rights |url=http://www.predock.com/CMHR/CMHR.html |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=predock.com |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801052116/http://www.predock.com/CMHR/CMHR.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><blockquote>Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam ya samo asali ne daga bil'adama, yana nuna a cikin gine-ginen ainihin alaƙar bil'adume - bayyanar alama ta kankara, girgije da dutse da aka saita a cikin filin ciyawa mai dadi. An sassaƙa shi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya narke cikin sama a kan sararin samaniya na Winnipeg, fuka-fuki na ɗan lokaci na fararen kurciya sun rungumi dutse mai ban mamaki na dutse mai shekaru miliyan 450 na Tyndall limestone a cikin ƙirƙirar alamar haɗin kai da ba ta da lokaci ga dukkan al'ummomi da al'adun duniya.</blockquote> [[Fayil:Winnipeg_view_from_CMHR.jpg|thumb|428x428px|Ra'ayi na tsakiyar garin Winnipeg daga saman bene na Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam]] Ginin ginin ya cika tun daga ƙarshen 2012. A cikin aikin tushe na CMHR, jakunkuna na magani da dattawa suka kirkira a Thunderbird House, a Winnipeg, an saka su a cikin ramukan da aka yi don tarawa da caissons don nuna girmamawa ga Uwar Duniya. Gidan yanar gizon CMHR yana da kyamarorin gidan yanar gizo guda biyu don jama'a don kallon ginin yayin da yake ci gaba. Don gina Hall of Hope, cike da ramuka na 2" href="./Alabaster" id="mwAU0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alabaster">alabaster mai haske, an yi amfani da fiye da 3,500m2 da 15,000 na alabasters, yana mai da shi babban aikin da aka taɓa yi da alabaster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Museum for Human Rights &#124; ALABASTER NEW CONCEPT |url=http://alabasternewconcept.com/en/cmhr/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528142927/http://alabasternewconcept.com/en/cmhr/ |archive-date=28 May 2015 |access-date=28 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIQUE ASPECTS OF CMHR CONSTRUCTION |url=http://www.pcl.com/News-And-Media/News-Releases/Documents/CMHR-Factsheet.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001155334/http://www.pcl.com/News-And-Media/News-Releases/Documents/CMHR-Factsheet.pdf |archive-date=1 October 2018 |access-date=2020-11-04}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yulin 2010, Elizabeth II, Sarauniyar Kanada, ta bayyana dutsen kusurwa na ginin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2010 |title=About the Museum>News>The Canadian Museum for Human Rights is honoured to welcome Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada to the site of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights |url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/news/canadian-museum-human-rights-honoured-welcome-her-majesty-queen-elizabeth-ii-queen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408060532/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/news/canadian-museum-human-rights-honoured-welcome-her-majesty-queen-elizabeth-ii-queen |archive-date=8 April 2011 |access-date=7 January 2011 |publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=About the Museum > News > Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II unveils cornerstone to CMHR |url=http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/news/her-majesty-queen-elizabeth-ii-unveils-cornerstone-cmhr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305082245/http://humanrightsmuseum.ca/about-museum/news/her-majesty-queen-elizabeth-ii-unveils-cornerstone-cmhr |archive-date=5 March 2012 |access-date=7 January 2011 |publisher=Canadian Museum for Human Rights}}</ref> Dutsen yana ɗauke da lambar sarauta ta Sarauniya kuma ya saka a ciki wani dutse daga rushewar St. Mary's Priory, a Runnymede, Ingila, inda aka yi imanin cewa Sarki John ya amince da Magna Carta a cikin 1215. == Nuni da wuraren == A bene na biyar shine Cibiyar Magana ta Duniya ta Carte, ɗakin karatu na CMHR "ya himmatu don tattarawa da ba da damar samun albarkatun da ke tallafawa koyo da bincike game da haƙƙin ɗan adam".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference Centre |url=https://humanrights.ca/visit/reference-centre |access-date=2021-06-05 |website=CMHR |language=en}}</ref> === Tsarin nuni === CMHR ta yi aiki tare da mai tsara Ralph Appelbaum Associates (RAA) daga New York don haɓaka baje-kolin farko na gidan kayan gargajiya. RAA ta yi nuni da cewa, gidajen tarihi a ko'ina cikin CMHR za su yi magana da jigogi daban-daban da suka haɗa da tafiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam na Kanada, ra'ayoyin 'yan asali na 'yancin ɗan adam, Holocaust, da batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan adam na yanzu. Ƙungiyoyin masu bincike na CMHR sun yi aiki tare da RAA don haɓaka abubuwan baje kolin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, an nada lauya Yude Henteleff don jagorantar kwamitin ba da shawara na kayan tarihi, wanda ya kunshi masana kare hakkin dan adam da shugabannin daga ko'ina cikin Kanada. Kwamitin ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na aikin farko na jama'a na gidan kayan gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canadian Museum for Human Rights annual report 2009-10 |url=https://humanrights.ca/sites/prod/files/2018-11/2009-2010_annual_report_en.pdf}}</ref> Ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na kasa da kasa daga Mayu 2009 zuwa Fabrairu 2010 da ake kira "Help Write the Story of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights", masu binciken CMHR sun ziyarci birane 19 kuma sun yi magana da dubban mutane game da abubuwan da suka samu game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da abin da suke so su gani a gidan kayan gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Help Write the Story of the Canadian Museum for Human Rights |url=https://nationtalk.ca/story/help-write-the-story-of-the-canadian-museum-for-human-rights}}</ref> Wannan tsarin shawarwari ya jagoranci Lord Cultural Resources, wanda ke zaune a [[Toronto]]. A ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, wani labarin da ''CBC TV'' (Manitoba) ya samar ya ambaci wani takarda, "Gallery Profiles" (ranar 12 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2012), wanda ya tabbatar da wasu abubuwan da CMHR ta gabatar. Gidan kayan gargajiya mafi girma an sadaukar da shi ga abubuwan da ke cikin Kanada, yayin da ake ɗaukar tsarin jigogi a duk wuraren da yake da shi. === Gidajen tarihi === Gidan kayan gargajiya yana da manyan gidajen tarihi guda 10 tun lokacin da aka buɗe shi a cikin Satumba 2014: <ref name=":4"/> # Menene haƙƙin ɗan adam? # Ra'ayoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar. #: Wannan ya haɗa da "fim din da ke kewaye game da ra'ayoyin Kasashen Farko na haƙƙoƙi da alhakin juna da ƙasar. " Mai kula da Lee-Ann Martin ya bayyana mai zane-zane na zamani Rebecca Belmore's "Trace", mai hawa 2 + 1⁄2-storey "ceramic blanket" wanda CMHR ta ba da izini. Wannan bargo yana daga cikin jerin abubuwan da mai zane-zane na Anishinaabe mai suna Belmore wanda ke zaune a Winnipeg wanda ke "bayyana tarihin da ke faruwa da tashin hankali a kan mutanen Aboriginal".<ref name="Martin2014" />  # Tafiye-tafiye na Kanada. #: Wannan ya hada da "mashahuriyar nune-nunen" a makarantun zama, "masu rasa da kuma kashe mata na asali", "mace-mace na Inuit". da kuma Jafananci a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, nakasassu daga Jami'ar Ryerson, harajin shugaban kasar Sin, [[Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa|Hanyar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa]], Komagata Maru da Winnipeg General Strike . <ref name="Metro2014" /> # Kare haƙƙoƙi a Kanada # Binciken Holocaust da sauran kisan kare dangi. #: Gidan da ke kan kisan kare dangi ya haɗa da kisan kare kare dangi guda biyar da Kanada ta amince da su: Holocaust, Holodomor, kisan kare hakkin kare dangi na Armeniya, [[The Holocaust|Kisan kiyashi]] na Rwanda da kuma tsarkake kabilanci na Bosnia.<ref name="Metro2014" /> # Abubuwan da suka faru ga bil'adama # Rage shiru # Ayyuka sun ƙidaya # Hakki a yau # Canji mai ban sha'awa Ana magance al'amuran 'yan asalin a cikin kowane gallery, amma sun shahara a cikin "Gallery na Tafiya na Kanada" da "Gallery Ra'ayin Yan Asalin Ƙasar". == Haɗin gwiwa == An cimma yarjejeniyoyin da dama daga hukumar ta CMHR da cibiyoyin ilimi daban-daban da hukumomin gwamnati, don inganta inganci da zurfin bayanan da gidan kayan gargajiya ke bayarwa, da kuma fadada damar ilimi ga gidan kayan gargajiya. Wannan jeri ne na ƙungiyoyin da suka yi haɗin gwiwa tare da gidan kayan gargajiya: * Jami'ar Manitoba * Jami'ar Winnipeg * Gidan Tarihi na Kasa - "Memorial ga wadanda suka mutu na Holodomor" (Kyiv, Ukraine) * Kungiyar Kanada ta Hukumomin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam * Jakadan Masarautar Netherlands a Kanada (Ofishin Jakadancin Netherlands) * Laburaren karatu da Tarihin Kanada * Gidan Tarihi na Manitoba * Ilimi na Manitoba (Lardin Manitoba) == Rashin jituwa == === Wurin da yake === An soki gidan kayan gargajiya saboda wurin da yake a cikin Forks, wani muhimmin shafin binciken kayan tarihi na asali. Daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2012, binciken archaeological a shafin gidan kayan gargajiya ya dawo da kayan tarihi sama da 400,000 tun daga 1100 AZ. Masanin binciken kayan tarihi mai ritaya Leigh Syms ya bayyana cewa binciken da aka yi kafin ginin bai isa ba; wani mai magana da yawun gidan kayan gargajiya ya bayyana cewa jami'ai sun tuntubi shugabannin 'yan asalin kuma za su ci gaba da yin hakan yayin ginin. Bugu da ƙari, wani rahoto da aka shirya don Kamfanin Sabunta Forks kafin gina Kasuwar Forks a 1988 ya haifar da damuwa game da yuwuwar wuraren binne ƴan asalin yankin a yankin. Da yawa binciken archaeological tono tsakanin 1989 da 1991, sa'an nan kuma a cikin 2008 da 2009 ta CMHR, ba su sami wani mutum da ya rage. === Abubuwan da aka nuna === Da farko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, rikice-rikice ya ɓarke game da shirye-shiryen tashoshin dindindin guda biyu da aka keɓe ga Holocaust da kuma cin zarafin 'Yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. Kungiyoyin al'umma da yawa da ke wakiltar 'yan Kanada na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai, gami da Majalisa ta Kanada ta Ukraine, sun nuna rashin amincewa da abin da suka ce ya fi mayar da hankali kan wahalar [[Yahudawa]] da 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma rage abubuwan da suka samu (kamar Holodomor) zuwa ƙananan batutuwa ko juyawa. Lubomyr Luciuk, yana magana ne ga Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Ukraine, ya ce "a matsayin ma'aikatar da ke da tallafin jama'a, Gidan Tarihi na Kanada don 'Yancin Dan Adam bai kamata ya ɗaga wahalar kowane al'umma fiye da sauran ba, " yana mai da hankali ga tsare-tsaren Kanada na Ukrainians a lokacin yakin duniya na . UCCLA ta aika da wasiku ga Ministan Tarihi James Moore, wanda Catherine Chatterley na Cibiyar Nazarin Kayan Yahudawa ta Kanada ta soki don nuna wadanda ke goyon bayan Holocaust gallery a matsayin aladu. Daga ƙarshe, a watan Yulin 2012, CMHR ta amince da haɗin gwiwa tare da Gidan Tarihi na Holodomor-Genocide a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] don samar da ƙarin ilimi ga baƙi na gidan kayan gargajiya game da Holodomor. Wasu Palasdinawa-Kanada ma sun yi fushi da gaskiyar cewa CMHR ba ta haɗa da nune-nunen da ke nuna Nakba ba saboda rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa. "Yayin da budewar ta zo kusa, ina ƙara damuwa da darussan kwarewar Palasdinawa, babu wanda zai ji shi", in ji Rana Abdulla. "Labarinmu labari ne mai kyau don ilimantar da 'yan Kanada game da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ta yaya kowa zai ɗauki wannan gidan kayan gargajiya da muhimmanci idan ba su ji labarin Palasdinawa ba?" <ref name=":0" /> Mohamed El Rashidy na Tarayyar Larabawa ta Kanada ya ce gidan kayan gargajiya dole ne ya magance abubuwan Palasdinawa, kuma "ba zai ji tsoron bayyana gaskiyar da ba game da tarihi ba".<ref name=":0" /> Shugaba na CMHR Stuart Murray ya yi alkawarin cewa gidan kayan gargajiya zai hada da dukkan kungiyoyi, yayin da mai magana da yawun gidan kayan gargajiya Angela Cassie ya amsa cewa "rashin fahimta" ne cewa za a sami tashoshi biyu na dindindin kawai, kuma gidan kayan gargajiya za ta ambaci wasu kisan kare dangi na tarihi da yawa, gami da Holodomor, a cikin sashin "Mass Atrocity". Ta ci gaba da bayyana cewa manufar gidan kayan gargajiya ba don zama abin tunawa ga wahalar kungiyoyi daban-daban ba, amma don zama kwarewar ilmantarwa; alal misali, nune-nunen Holocaust ya gabatar da Sanarwar Universal ta 1948 ta 'Yancin Dan Adam, wanda aka tsara don amsawa kai tsaye ga shi.<ref name="lett">{{Cite web |last=Lett |first=Dan |date=14 December 2010 |title=Fighting over exhibit size no way to advance debate |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/fighting-over-exhibit-size-no-way-to-advance-debate-111839204.html |access-date=4 February 2011 |publisher=Winnipeg Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Melissa |date=6 January 2011 |title=Holodomor drive intensifies – Rights museum lobbied on issue |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/holodomor-drive-intensifies-112995354.html |access-date=4 February 2011 |publisher=Winnipeg Free Press}}</ref> A cewar Shugaba na Majalisar Yahudawa ta Kanada Bernie Farber, abubuwan da suka faru na Holocaust sun cancanci mayar da hankali musamman saboda sun sake bayyana iyakokin "laifukan ɗan adam" kuma sun kasance "tushen dokokinmu na haƙƙin ɗan adam na zamani". Ya kuma ce "ya yi ma'ana" cewa wani tashar ya keɓe ga 'yan asalin ƙasar, kuma ya soki "ƙaddamar da ɗayan ƙungiyar' yan Kanada da wani". Dan Lett mai ba da labari na ''Winnipeg Free Press'' ya nuna damuwa game da jayayya game da hotunan da aka ba da duk wani mummunan aiki ko keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, yana jayayya cewa ya kamata a sami ƙarancin tattaunawa game da wane rukuni da aka yi wa laifi ya sami mafi yawan sarari a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, kuma ya fi damuwa game da hana cin zarafin ɗan adam a nan gaba.<ref name="lett"/> Masana sun binciki yawancin jayayya a cikin The Idea of a Human Rights Museum . === Censorship na abun ciki na LGBT === Daga Janairu 2015 har zuwa tsakiyar 2017 gudanarwa wani lokaci yakan nemi ma'aikatan da kada su nuna wani abun ciki na LGBT akan yawon shakatawa bisa buƙatar wasu baƙi, gami da kungiyoyin makaranta na addini, jami'an diflomasiyya da masu ba da gudummawa. Sashen sadarwa ya ba da hujjar irin wannan bukatu da cewa "dukkan kungiyoyi na musamman ne, wasu kungiyoyi sun fi na musamman kuma akwai wasu abubuwan da bai kamata a sanya su a takarda ba. Don haka dole ne mu hadu da kai don tattauna abin da jagororin za su iya gaya wa wadannan maziyartan na musamman." A watan Yunin 2020, Shugaba na CMHR John Young ya yi murabus bayan korafin cewa an tilasta ma'aikatan su tantance abubuwan LGBT, da kuma zargin cin zarafin jima'i, homophobia da wariyar launin fata a CMHR. An buga neman gafara daga ƙungiyar zartarwa ta CMHR da rahoto na wucin gadi na bita na ɓangare na uku mai zaman kansa game da zarge-zarge a shafin yanar gizon CMHR, tare da Young da wasu da yawa da aka ambata a matsayin masu sanya hannu ga neman gafara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apology from the Executive team of the CMHR |url=https://humanrights.ca/share/apology-from-the-executive-team-of-the-cmhr |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=CMHR |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CMHR releases independent report |url=https://humanrights.ca/news/cmhr-releases-independent-report |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=CMHR |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoba 2020, an bayyana cewa an gaya wa wasu ma'aikata kada suyi magana game da ciki ko zubar da ciki, ban da tantance abubuwan LGBT, yayin wasu yawon shakatawa da suka shafi makarantun addini. == Dubi kuma == * [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin Dan Adam]] * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q5tjb5rbtxhpnhl5im3dqoqx4ki42eq 0 112219 891725 821981 2026-08-05T16:40:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Future Generali [[Indiya|India]] Insurance (FGII) Company Limited kamfani ne na inshora na gaba ɗaya mai zaman kansa a Indiya.[1] Kamfanin haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Ƙungiyar Future da Generali Participations Netherlands N.V.[2] (Rukunin Generali). Kamar yadda na 2022 Generali Group shine babban kamfanin inshora a Italiya kuma yana cikin manyan kamfanonin inshora na duniya ta hanyar kuɗi da kadarori. Fayil ɗin kamfanin ya ƙunshi samfuran inshora waɗanda aka karkasa su cikin Inshorar Keɓaɓɓu, Kasuwanci da na Jama'a/Rural. Ya zuwa 2022, kamfanin yana da abokan ciniki na kamfanoni sama da 3000 da kuma wakilai sama da 21,500.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-28 |title=Here's why non-motor, non-health insurance space is emerging as the next growth drivers |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/personal-finance/insurance/story/heres-why-non-motor-non-health-insurance-space-is-emerging-as-the-next-growth-drivers-348438-2022-09-28 |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Inshora na Generali India na gaba (FGII) a cikin 2006 tare da manufar samar da tallace-tallace, kasuwanci, na sirri, da sabis na inshora na karkara ga mutane da kamfanoni don taimaka musu sarrafawa da rage haɗari. A cikin 2013, kamfanin ya sami takardar shaidar ISO 9001: 2008, sannan ya biyo bayan takardar shaidarsa ta ISO 27001: 2013 a cikin 2014. FGII ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da bankunan kamar Bankin Maharashtra, Bankin UCO da Bankin Indiya da sauransu don inganta motoci, gida, kiwon lafiya, da samfuran inshora na karkara. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, Generali ta kammala sayen daga Future Enterprises na kusan kashi 25 cikin dari na hannun jari a Future Generali India Insurance, kuma hannun jarin ta a JV yanzu ya kai kashi 74. Kamfanin yana da aikace-aikacen sabis na kai, FG Insure, wanda ke bawa abokan ciniki damar sarrafa manufofinsu, saya da sabunta inshora, da'awar bayar da rahoto, da bin diddigin matsayinsu. A cikin 2016, FGII ta ƙaddamar da i-MoSS, aikace-aikacen masu binciken da'awar mota don saurin daidaita da'awar motar. Bankin Tsaro na Indiya ya amince da shigar da bangaren inshora na Babban Bankin Indiya ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tare da Future Generali India Insurance da Future General India Life. Tare da saka hannun jari na Rs 508 crore, bankin ya sami hannun jari na 24.91% a cikin FGIICL da 25.18% a cikin FILICL, Bankin ya kuma sami amincewar IRDAI don shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa. == Mutanen da ke da muhimmanci == * Anup Rau, Manajan Darakta & Shugaba * Devi Dayal Garg, Babban Jami'in Kudi <ref name="management" /> * Deepak Prasad, Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa * Ruchika Varma, Babban Jami'in Kasuwanci * Abhishek Singh, Babban Jami'in Inshora ^{[https://general.futuregenerali.in/about-us/management] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250715151438/https://general.futuregenerali.in/about-us/management |date=2025-07-15 }}} * Ashish Lakhtakia, Babban Jami'in Shari'a da Biyayya da Sakataren Kamfanin * M. Raghavendra Rao, Babban Jami'in Rarraba <ref name="management" /> * Jatin Arora, wanda aka nada a matsayin mai ba da labari <ref name="management" /> * Ajay Panchal, Babban Jami'in Hadari <ref name="management" /> * Milan P. Shirodkar, Shugaban Kasuwanci <ref name="management" /> * Ritu Sethi, Babban Jami'in Bincike na Cikin Gida <ref name="management" /> * Sunil Wariar, Babban Jami'in Jama'a <ref name="management" /> == Kayayyakin == Kamfanin yana ba da inshora daban-daban, gami da inshora na mutum, kasuwanci da zamantakewa / karkara. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2025}} A watan Maris na shekara ta 2022, ta ƙaddamar da inshorar kiwon lafiya ga karnuka da ake kira FG Dog Health Cover, wanda ya zo tare da ɗaukar hoto, gami da mutuwa da jana'izar, rashin lafiya mai tsanani, tiyata da magani da kuma kafin asibiti da kuma bayan asibiti. A watan Satumbar 2022, kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da FG Health Absolute, samfurin inshora na kiwon lafiya wanda ya haɗa da sabis masu ƙima kamar shawarwarin tele, webinars kan lafiyar kwakwalwa da ta jiki, takardun shaida don cibiyoyin lafiya, motsa jiki, wasanni da cibiyoyin bincike da kuma binciken kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun. == Kasuwanci == Generali India Insurance ta gaba ta ba da rahoton Gross Written Premium na ₹4,210.35 crore a cikin shekara ta kudi ta 2021-22, yayin da a cikin FY 2020-21, ya kasance ₹3,898.91 crore, ci gaban 8% . Kamfanin ya ba da rahoton rabo na biyan kuɗi na 166% a cikin FY 2021-22. Net Promoter Score (NPS), na kamfanin ya tsaya a 59.4 a cikin FY 2021-2022. <ref name=":0"/> == Kasuwanci == {| class="wikitable" |+Tsarin hannun jari na Kamfanin a cikin FY 2021-22 kamar haka: <ref name="AnnualReport">{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2021-22 |url=https://general.futuregenerali.in/pdf/investorInformation/annualReport/2021-22/Annual%20Report%202021-22.pdf |access-date=2025-08-09 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405022208/https://general.futuregenerali.in/pdf/investorInformation/annualReport/2021-22/Annual%20Report%202021-22.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> !Masu gabatar da kara / Masu hannun jari !Kashi na Kashi !Babu hannun jari |- |Hadin gwiwar Netherlands NV |73.86% |68,31,82,724 |- |Babban Bankin Indiya |26.14% |221,620,981 |- |Gabaɗaya |100% |904,803,705 |} == Shirye-shiryen CSR == A cikin 2018, Inshora ta Generali ta Indiya ta gaba ta karɓi Cibiyar Tsaro ta Dan Adam (THSN), wani shiri na CSR na duniya wanda ke da niyya ga manyan batutuwan zamantakewa da ke shafar al'ummomi. Kamfanin ya yi aiki tare da United Way [[Mumbai]] don tallafawa yara daga al'ummomin da ba su da wadata. Generali India Insurance ta gaba ta ba da gudummawar abin rufe fuska 8,500 ga BMC, tare da saƙo game da wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiyar kwakwalwa. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == Generali India Insurance ta gaba ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa don nuna godiya ga kokarin da ta yi a fannoni daban-daban. A cikin 2022, kamfanin ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Peacock don Kyau a Gudanar da Kamfanoni. A cikin 2021, an ba ta lambar yabo ta azurfa ta BFSI a ET Brand Disruption Awards ta The Economic Times . Har ila yau, an ba kamfanin suna Brand of the Year, yana karɓar lambar yabo ta zinariya 3, azurfa 2, da tagulla 2 a e4m Health Marcom Awards 2022. Har ila yau, ta lashe lambar yabo ta azurfa a ETBrandEquity Shark Awards 2022. Don rahoton shekara-shekara na 2022, kamfanin ya sami lambar yabo ta platinum a Marcom Awards 2022 da lambar yabo ta zinariya a Gasar Sadarwar Duniya ta 2022 ta LACP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MarCom Awards |url=http://enter.marcomawards.com/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=enter.marcomawards.com |archive-date=2023-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209082352/https://enter.marcomawards.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LACP 2022 Spotlight Awards Global Communications Competition |url=https://www.lacp.com/2022spotlight/awards-global-communications-competition-1126.htm |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=www.lacp.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 32jf7zffvv3dygijsjw5w9imv78d0cr 0 112324 891693 694833 2026-08-05T13:26:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An soke [[Hukuncin Kisa|Hukuncin kisa]] a [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] a cikin [[Dokar|dokar doka]] a cikin 1990, bayan an soke shi a cikin 1964 don mafi yawan laifuka ciki har da kisan kai. Mutumin karshe da aka kashe shi ne Michael Manning, wanda aka rataye saboda kisan kai a shekara ta 1954. Dukkanin hukuncin kisa da aka yanke a Ireland, na karshe da aka bayar a shekarar 1985, Shugaban kasa ya sauya su, bisa ga shawarar Gwamnati, zuwa sharuddan ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru 40. Kwaskwarima ta ashirin da daya ga kundin tsarin mulki, wanda aka zartar ta hanyar raba gardama a shekara ta 2001, ta haramta sake gabatar da hukuncin kisa, har ma a lokacin gaggawa ko yaki. Har ila yau, yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam da yawa sun haramta hukuncin kisa wanda jihar ta kasance jam'iyya. == Tarihin Farko == [[Fayil:Execution_of_Robert_Emmet_in_Thomas_Street,_(Dublin),_20th_September_1803_LCCN2003652802.jpg|thumb|Kashe Robert Emmet a kan titin Thomas, Dublin, 1803]] Dokar Irish ta farko ta hana hukuncin kisa. Kisan kai yawanci ana azabtar da nau'ikan tarar guda biyu: madaidaiciyar tarar da kuma ''Log nEnech'' mai canzawa; ana kashe mai kisan kai ne kawai idan shi da danginsa ba za su iya biyan tarar ba. Bayanan ''Senchas Mar''' game da kisan gillar mai kisan karusar Saint Patrick Odran an fassara shi a matsayin yunkurin da ya gaza na maye gurbin adalci mai maidowa da adalci mai ramawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bracken |first=Damian |year=1995 |title=Immortality and capital punishment: patristic concepts in Irish law |journal=Peritia |volume=1995 |issue=9 |pages=167–186 |doi=10.1484/J.Peri.3.247 |issn=0332-1592}}</ref> Bayan nasarar Norman na Ireland, Dokar Ingilishi ta ba da misali ga dokar Irish. Wannan da farko ya ba da umarnin hukuncin kisa ga kowane Laifi, wani nau'i na laifuka da doka ta kafa amma, a Ireland kamar yadda a Ingila, wasu Dokokin Majalisar Dokoki sun tsawaita shi; <ref name="lrcsentencing">{{Cite web |date=March 1993 |title=The Evolution of Judicial Sentencing Discretion |url=http://www.lawreform.ie/_fileupload/consultation%20papers/cpSentencing.htm |access-date=22 August 2011 |website=Consultation paper on sentencing |publisher=[[Law Reform Commission (Ireland)|Law Reform Commission]] |pages=72–3}}</ref> halin da ake ciki daga baya da ake kira "Bloody Code". Bayan gyaran Irish, Protestant Ascendancy don hana ayyukan Roman Katolika sun zartar da Dokokin Laifi, wasu daga cikinsu sun haifar da manyan laifuka waɗanda suka haifar da shahidai na Katolika na Irish. Maganar gungumen azaba sanannen nau'i ne na Juyin Juya Halin William ta hanyar karni na sha takwas, yana ciyar da sanannun ballads na karni na sha tara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ó Ciardha |first=Éamonn |date=Winter 2001 |title=Review: ''Gallows Speeches from Eighteenth-Century Ireland'' by James Kelly |url=http://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/gallows-speeches-from-eighteenth-century-ireland/ |journal=History Ireland |volume=9 |issue=4}}</ref> A shekara ta 1789 Elizabeth Sugrue ("Lady Betty") ta kasance daga cikin 26 da aka kai ga gungumen azaba na County Roscommon; lokacin da mai rataye ya kasa bayyana, ta amince da rataye sauran 25 idan sheriff zai ci gaba da kashe kansa. Ta kasance mai kisa har zuwa 1802, lokacin da aka sauya hukuncin kisa zuwa ɗaurin rai da rai. Yawancin Dokokin Shari'a an soke su ko kuma an daina amfani da su a ƙarshen karni na 18. A ƙarshen shekara ta 1834 jami'in a auren Katolika-Forotesta ba tare da lasisi ba yana da hukuncin kisa da aka rubuta, duk da cewa an sauya shi zuwa kurkuku na watanni 18. Dokar Shari'a ta 1827 ta ba da izinin alƙalai su yanke hukunci zuwa sufuri don laifuka da yawa har zuwa yanzu.<ref name="lrcsentencing"/> Don ƙarin bayani, Ayyukan Peel a cikin 1828 sun maye gurbin hukuncin kisa da bautar azabtarwa. Dokar Hukuncin Babban Birni (Ireland) ta 1842 ta kawo doka a Ireland kusa da na Ingila ta hanyar rage hukuncin ga laifuka da yawa, da kuma kawar da babban laifi na yin aiki a cikin sojoji ko rundunar sojan ruwa na Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britain |first=Great |date=7 July 1842 |title=Statutes at Large ...: (37 v.) A collection of the public general statutes, 1833-1869 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V6hKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA303 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Dokar Laifuka a kan Mutum ta 1861 ta rage yawan laifukan kisa daga sama da ɗari biyu zuwa uku kawai: kisan kai, cin amana da fashi tare da tashin hankali.<ref name="haughey1963">{{Cite web |last=Haughey |first=Charles |date=6 November 1963 |title=Criminal Justice Bill, 1963— Second Stage. |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1963-11-06/37/ |access-date=18 April 2013 |website=Dáil Éireann debates |pages=Vol. 205 No. 7 p.38 c.999 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419235343/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1963-11-06/37/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mutuwa ta kasance Hukuncin tilas ne don kisan kai, kodayake sau da yawa ana sauya shi. An rataye jama'a na ƙarshe a Ireland na John Logue ne a Downpatrick a 1866; bayan Dokar Kwaskwarimar Shari'a ta 1868 an aiwatar da kisan gilla a bayan ganuwar kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Logue &#124; Lisburn.com |url=https://lisburn.com/history/digger/Digger-2009/digger-14-08-2009.html |website=lisburn.com}}</ref> Likitan Irish Samuel Haughton ya haɓaka hanyar "Standard Drop" ta ɗan adam ta ratayewa wanda ya fara amfani da ita a 1866. == Lokacin juyin juya hali == [[Fayil:IRA_grave_in_University_College_Cork.jpg|thumb|Makircin binnewa da tunawa da fursunonin IRA 13 da aka kashe 1920-1921 kuma an binne su a tsohon Cork County GaolGidan Gida na Cork]] A cikin 1916, [[Easter Rising executions|kisan shugabannin Easter Rising]] ya juya tausayi ga jama'a don goyon bayan 'yan tawaye. An kashe 'yan tawaye 24 a lokacin yakin neman' yancin kai na 1919-21, wanda ya fara da [[Kevin Barry]] . <ref name="cpuk2">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Richard |title=20th century executions in the Irish Republic (Eire) |url=http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/ireland.html |access-date=7 May 2015 |website=capitalpunishmentuk}}</ref> A [[Munster]], wanda ke karkashin [[Martial law|dokar soja]], an harbe 13 a Cork kuma daya a Limerick.<ref name="OGadhra2" /> "The Forgotten Ten" an rataye su a gidan yarin Mountjoy, wanda ya taimaka wajen juyar da ra'ayi a Dublin game da gwamnatin Dublin Castle.<ref name="OGadhra2" /> Kashewa ta ƙarshe a ƙarƙashin ikon Burtaniya ita ce William Mitchell, Black da Tan da aka yanke musu hukuncin kisa na kisan kai na zaman lafiya. == Manazarta == bzqf2j0z7sogmabm9ed6o8kdgz1x0py 0 113295 891908 697485 2026-08-06T06:53:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891908 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''John Cameron''' " '''Robbo''' " '''Robertson''' (an haife shi 16 ga Nuwamba 1962) tsohon ɗan siyasan Australiya ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour a New South Wales daga 2011 zuwa 2014. Kafin shiga siyasa ya yi fice a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi . An haifi Robertson a [[Sydney]], kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin wutar lantarki kafin ya zama mai shirya ƙungiyar ƙwadagon lantarki . Ya zama jami'in masana'antu tare da Majalisar Ma'aikata ta New South Wales a 1991, kuma an zabe shi mataimakin sakatare a 1998 da sakatare a 2001. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar kungiyar kwadago ta Australia . Robertson ya shiga majalisar dokokin New South Wales a shekara ta 2008, kuma an nada shi majalisar ministoci a 2009. Ya sauya sheka zuwa majalisar dokoki a zaben jihar na 2011, inda jam'iyyar Labour ta sha kashi sosai. An zabi Robertson a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar bayan murabus din Kristina Keneally, inda ya zama shugabar 'yan adawa . Ya yi murabus daga shugabancin bayan rikicin garkuwa da mutane a Sydney na 2014, bayan bayyana wata 'yar karamar hanyar haɗi tare da wanda ya aikata ta. Robertson ya bar siyasa a watan Agusta 2017 don yin aiki a cikin sashin da ba riba ba. A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2017, an sanar da cewa Robertson zai jagoranci hukumar don insurer jama'a, icare. == Rayuwar farko da bayanan sirri == An haifi Robertson a Asibitin Ryde da ke New South Wales ga iyayen Don da Rowena Robertson, dattijon yaran su biyu. <ref name="maiden">{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=John |date=11 November 2008 |title=John Robertson Inaugural Speech |url=https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/member/files/49/John%20Robertson%20Inaugural%20Speech.pdf |access-date=3 April 2019 |website=[[Hansard]] |publisher=[[Parliament of New South Wales]] |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403075901/https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/member/files/49/John%20Robertson%20Inaugural%20Speech.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Don Robertson ya tura ɗansa aiki don ba da yadda ake yin katin zaɓe a zaɓen Australiya na 1972. Robertson ya sami ilimi a Makarantar Firamare ta Gabas ta Denistone da Makarantar Sakandare ta Ryde . Aikinsa na farko shine aiki da Woolworths yana tattara buhunan siyayya yana ɗan shekara 15. Ya bar makaranta yana ɗan shekara 16 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin koyan lantarki. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin lantarki daga 1979 zuwa 1987 kuma ya yi aiki a ginin Majalisar New South Wales. <ref name="maiden"/> Ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi kaɗai ne ya yi aikin gina ginin kuma an zabe shi a ofis don yin hidima a can. <ref name="maiden" /> == Aikin ƙungiyar == A lokacin da yake a matsayin mai aikin lantarki, Robertson ya zama mai shiryawa ga Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Lantarki . A cikin 1991, ya zama jami'in masana'antu tare da Majalisar Ma'aikata ta New South Wales, sannan kuma jami'in zartarwa a cikin 1998. Daga baya a rayuwarsa, ya ɗauki karatun sakandare, kuma ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sydney, inda ya kammala karatun Difloma na Albarkatun Dan Adam. A cikin 1998, Robertson ya zama mataimakin sakatare na Majalisar Kwadago, tare da alhakin gine-gine da masana'antar gine-gine, masana'antar giya, karamar hukuma, manufofin sassan jama'a, masana'antar mai da Sydney Water . <ref>{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=1998 Annual Report |url=http://www.unionsnsw.org.au/annual_reports/1998/annrep_1998-John.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027003741/http://unionsnsw.org.au/annual_reports/1998/annrep_1998-John.html |archive-date=27 October 2009 |access-date=20 November 2008 |publisher=Unions NSW}}</ref> A cikin 2000, ya gudanar da shari'ar albashi na jihar don Majalisar Ma'aikata a gaban Hukumar Harkokin Masana'antu ta New South Wales. Shari'ar ta kasance tarihi domin ita ce ta farko da aka ji a Wollongong, New South Wales maimakon Sydney. Hukumar ta baiwa ma’aikata karin albashin dala 15 a kowane mako. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2000 |title=2000 Annual Report |url=http://www.unionsnsw.org.au/reports/2000/ar2000-print.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911020155/http://www.unionsnsw.org.au/reports/2000/ar2000-print.html |archive-date=11 September 2007 |access-date=2008-11-20 |publisher=Unions NSW}} </ref> A cikin 2001, an zaɓi Robertson ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin sakataren Ƙungiyoyin NSW (tsohon Majalisar Ma'aikata na New South Wales), ya maye gurbin [[Michael Costa (politician)|Michael Costa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=2001 Annual Report |url=http://www.unionsnsw.org.au/reports/2001/ar2001-John.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911014559/http://www.unionsnsw.org.au/reports/2001/ar2001-John.html |archive-date=11 September 2007 |access-date=20 November 2008 |publisher=Unions NSW}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa na farko a matsayinsa na sakatare shi ne shirya wani shingen shinge na Sabuwar Majalisar Kudu don nuna rashin amincewa da gabatar da gyaran dokar biyan diyya ga ma'aikata. Katanga bai canza tsare-tsaren gwamnati ba. A cikin wa'adinsa na sakatare, Robertson ya jagoranci kungiyar yayin da ta siyar da kadarorinta na hutu "Currawong" don ba da kuɗin kamfen na dakatar da aiwatar da [[WorkChoices]] ta [[Howard government|Gwamnatin Tarayya Howard]] . An ce yarjejeniyar ta amfana da masu haɓakawa saboda siyan ya kasance akan "kimanin rabin farashin" <ref name="farrelly2">{{cite news |last=Farrelly |first=Elizabeth |date=22 October 2008 |title=Currawong, yet another black mark against Labor |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/elizabeth-farrelly/currawong-yet-another-black-mark-against-labor/2008/10/21/1224351247648.html |access-date=11 November 2010 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> na wasu tallace-tallace na kadarorin. An kafa Currawong a cikin 1949 don ba da damar ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi don ba wa yara matalauta hutu. Robertson ya ƙaryata game da yarjejeniyar ba ta da ƙasa da ƙima, saboda tallace-tallacen da ba a yarda da shi ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran tallace-tallace da ke da sharadi na amincewa da ginin. Robertson ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Australiya tun 2005 kuma ya zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Australia (ACTU) a 2006. A matsayinsa na memba na kungiyar Labour for Refugees, Robertson ya yi yaƙi a 2002 don kawar da manufofin jam'iyyar Labour game da masu neman mafaka, wanda ya yi kwaikwayon manufofin gwamnatin Howard . Robertson ya kasance dan wasa mai mahimmanci a yakin neman maye gurbin jagoran adawa na tarayya Kim Beazley tare da Kevin Rudd a 2006. Robertson ya gudanar da wasu ayyuka da yawa ciki har da memba na Gine-gine da Gina Masana'antu Long Service Payments Corporation a 1993 da kuma darektan WorkCover NSW tsakanin 2001 da 2007. A 2002, an nada shi a matsayin darektan Parramatta Stadium Trust. A cikin 2006, ya zama memba na New South Wales Heritage Council. Ya kasance darektan Energy Australia tsakanin 1998 da 2003, da kuma darektan rediyon 2KY tsakanin 1998 da 2001. Robertson ya haɗu da littafin ''Haƙƙinku a Aiki'', wanda aka buga a 1993. == Sana'ar siyasa == A ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2008, an amince da Robertson ya zama ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Labour don cike gurbin da tsohon ma'ajin jihar Michael Costa ya yi murabus. Daga baya an nada shi zuwa Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales (majalisar dattawa ta jiha) don cike wannan guraben aikin. Costa shi ne magabacin Robertson a Unions NSW, kuma abin mamaki, rawar da ya taka wajen toshe masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta NSW na daya daga cikin dalilan da suka kai ga murabus din Costa. Jim kadan bayan rantsar da Robertson, tsohon firaministan Australia Paul Keating ya aike da wata takarda mai zafi ga Robertson yana mai cewa Keating "yana jin kunyar raba jam'iyya daya" da shi. Ra'ayin Keating game da Robertson shine adawarsa da tayin mai da hannun jari zai kashe ma'aikata da yawa a zaben Jiha mai zuwa. Robertson ya lashe kujerar Blacktown a Majalisar Dokokin New South Wales a zaben Maris 2011, duk da cewa gwamnatin Labour ta sha shan kaye mafi muni na gwamnati mai ci a New South Wales tun bayan Tarayyar. Shi kansa Robertson da kyar ya shiga ofis a cikin abin da tarihi ya kasance wurin zama na Labour mai kwanciyar hankali; ya sha wahala da kashi 18.7 cikin 100, wanda ya rage yawan jam'iyyar Labour zuwa kashi uku. Bayan Kristina Keneally ta sanar da cewa ta tsaya a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar Labour ta jihar kuma ta koma bakin gadon baya, Robertson ya yi hasashen zai gaje ta. A ranar 31 ga Maris, an zaɓi Robertson ba tare da hamayya ba a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour kuma jagoran 'yan adawa. Aikin da ya yi a kai a kai shi ne sake gina jam’iyyar da ta ga jam’iyyarta fiye da rabi a zaben da aka gudanar mako guda kafin hakan—sakamakon da Robertson ya ce jam’iyyar ta cancanci, inda ya kira ta da “sakamako mai muni, sakon da aka aiko mana.” A sakamakon rikicin garkuwa da mutane na Sydney na 2014, an bayyana cewa Robertson ya riga ya aika da wasiƙa a madadin ɗan bindigar, Man Haron Monis, ɗan majalisa a cikin zaɓensa na Blacktown, zuwa Sashen Iyali da Ayyukan Al'umma . Wasikar ita ce, a cewar Robertson, tsari na yau da kullun a madadin mazabar kuma an rubuta shi don tallafawa bukatar Monis na ziyarar kulawa tare da yaransa a ranar Uba a 2011 duk da umarnin kama shi. Sashen sun ki amincewa da bukatar Monis. Matsin lamba ya hau kan Robertson don yin murabus a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour, tare da zaben jihar na 2015 watanni uku. ABC News ta ruwaito cewa da yawa daga cikin mambobin kungiyar Labour suna tattara goyon baya don ganin Robertson ya kada kuri'a idan bai yi murabus ba. tsaya a gefe a kan 23 Disamba 2014, yana zaɓi na gaba yana da mahimmanci cewa Labour dole ne a haɗa kai a bayan jagoran. Robertson ya fara maye gurbin Linda Burney a wani lokaci na wucin gadi, sa'an nan kuma Luka Foley . A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2017, Robertson ya sanar da cewa zai yi murabus daga majalisar, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 25 ga Agusta, don zama babban manajan gudanarwa a bankin Foodbank, kungiyar da ba ta riba ba wacce ke rarraba abinci mai yawa daga dillalai ga mabukata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hhcoao0zpnrayrbringqb53fx35dzbi 0 113355 891829 859738 2026-08-06T01:44:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891829 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Wannan sune jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2020. Girgizar ƙasa mai girma 6 ko sama da haka sun faru, sai dai sun haifar da lalacewa da kuma asarar rayuka, ko kuma sanannun saboda wasu dalilai. An jera duk ranaku bisa ga lokacin UTC. Ana nuna mafi girman ƙarfin akan ma'aunin ƙarfin Mercalli da aka gyara kuma an samo su daga bayanan ShakeMap na Amurka (USGS). A cikin shekara ta biyu a jere, ayyukan sun yi kasa da matsakaita, tare da manyan girgizar ƙasa guda tara kacal, kuma shekara ce ta farko tun daga shekarar 2016 ba tare da girgizar kasa mai girman 8.0+ ba. Sama da mutane 200 ne aka bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane, wannan ita ce shekarar da aka fi samun asarar rayuka a karni na 21 a girgizar ƙasar, amma kusan dukkaninsu sun fito ne daga kasar Turkiyya, sakamakon munanan abubuwa uku. A cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na shekara, Croatia ta fuskanci girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi a tarihinta, tare da asarar rayuka da lalacewa. == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shekaru == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+Yawan girgizar ƙasa a duk duniya don 2010-2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Real-time Earthquake Map with exact dates and live earthquake reports |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake Statistics |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/stats.php |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> !Girma !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 ! style="background:#efefef;" |''2020'' |- !8.0–9.9 |1 |1 |2 |2 |1 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 | style="background:#efefef;" |0 |- !7.0–7.9 |23 |19 |14 |17 |11 |18 |16 |6 |16 |9 | style="background:#efefef;" |9 |- !6.0–6.9 |151 |187 |117 |123 |143 |127 |131 |104 |118 |135 | style="background:#efefef;" |112 |- !5.0–5.9 |2,220 |2,486 |1,546 |1,460 |1,580 |1,413 |1,550 |1,447 |1,671 |1,484 | style="background:#efefef;" |1,315 |- !4.0–4.9 |10,138 |13,129 |10,955 |11,877 |15,817 |13,777 |13,700 |11,544 |12,782 |11,897 | style="background:#efefef;" |12,216 |- !Jimillar |12,536 |15,822 |12,635 |13,480 |17,552 |15,336 |15,397 |13,102 |14,589 |13,530 | style="background:#efefef;" |13,654 |} Karin yawan girgizar kasa da aka gano ba lallai bane ya wakilci karuwar girgizar ƙasa ''da kansa''. Karin yawan jama'a, yaduwar mazauna, da ci gaba a fasahar gano girgizar ƙasa duk suna ba da gudummawa ga yawan girgizar kasa da aka rubuta a tsawon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Earthquake Myths |url=http://www.usgs.gov/faq/taxonomy/term/9830 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319120417/http://www.usgs.gov/faq/taxonomy/term/9830 |archive-date=19 March 2016 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> == Ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Girma !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |119 |7.0 |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Greece}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |21.0 |30 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Aegean 2020''' |- |2 |41 |6.7 |[[Turkiyya]], [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]]{{Flagicon|Turkey}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |10.0 |24 January |'''2020 Girgizar ƙasa ta Elazığ''' |- |3 |10 |7.4 |, [[Oaxaca]]{{Flag|Mexico}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |20.0 |23 June |'''Girgizar kasa ta 2020 a Oaxaca''' |- |3 |10 |5.8 |, [[West Azarbaijan province|Yammacin Azarbaijan]]{{Flag|Iran}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |10.0 |23 February |'''Girgizar ƙasa ta Iran da Turkiyya ta 2020''' |- |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla mutane 10 da suka mutu. {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Girma !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |7.8 |0 |Amurka, [[Alaska]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|United States}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |28.0 |22 July |'''Yulin 2020 Girgizar kasa ta yankin Alaska''' |- |2 |7.7 |0 | a bakin teku{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |14.9 |28 January |'''Girgizar kasa ta Caribbean ta 2020''' |- |3 |7.6 |0 |, [[Alaska]] a bakin teku{{Flag|United States}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |28.4 |19 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Oktoba 2020 Alaska Peninsula''' |- |4 |7.5 |1 |Rasha, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Russia}}| {{MMI-ts|V|desc=1}} |56.7 |25 March | - |- |5 |7.4 |10 |, [[Oaxaca]]{{Flag|Mexico}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |20.0 |23 June |'''Girgizar kasa ta 2020 a Oaxaca''' |- |5 |7.4 |0 |New Zealand, [[Kermadec Islands|Tsibirin Kermadec]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|New Zealand}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |10.0 |18 June | - |- |7 |7.0 |119 |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Greece}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |21.0 |30 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Aegean 2020''' |- |7 |7.0 |1 |[[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], Oro a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Papua New Guinea}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |73.0 |17 July | - |- |7 |7.0 |0 |Rasha, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Russia}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |144.0 |13 February | - |- |- |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla 7.0 magnitude. == Ta wata == === Janairu ===   [[Fayil:Elazığ_Depremi_kurtarma_çalışmaları.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Lokacin da ake ceto mutane a karkashin rushewar bayan girgizar kasa a Elazığ, [[Turkiyya]].]] [[Fayil:Landslide_triggered_by_M6.4_earthquake_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Rushewar ƙasa bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico .]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 81&nbsp;km SW of Tāybād, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006tev/executive |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Razavi Khorasan province|Khorasan-e Razavi]], 81&nbsp;km southwest of [[Taybad]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |At least 100 houses were damaged,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=زلزله به یکصد واحد مسکونی خواف خسارت وارد کرد |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83618996/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF |access-date=3 May 2023 |language=fa |agency=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]}}</ref> some of them seriously.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Rodrigo Contreras |date=2020-01-02 |title=terremoto magnitud 5.8 genera daños al noreste de Irán |url=https://www.alertageo.org/2020/01/02/terremoto-magnitud-5-8-genera-danos-al-noreste-de-iran/ |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Alerta Geo |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 3&nbsp;km W of Reforma de Pineda, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006uwq/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 3&nbsp;km west of [[Reforma de Pineda]] |5.9 |87.0 |V |Some homes suffered minor damage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-05 |title=Reportan daños menores por sismo de magnitud 6 en Oaxaca |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/sismo-en-oaxaca-reportan-danos-menores-por-sismo-de-magnitud-6 |access-date=2020-01-05 |website=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 14&nbsp;km S of Indios, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020006006/executive |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]] offshore, 14&nbsp;km south of [[Indios, Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Indios]] |5.8 |6.0 |VI |  | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 14&nbsp;km S of Sinabang, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vkq/executive |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Aceh]] offshore, 14&nbsp;km south of [[Sinabang]] |6.3 |17.0 |VI |Cracks in walls or broken windows were observed in some buildings in Sinabang. | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 13&nbsp;km SSE of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vll/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]] offshore, 13&nbsp;km south of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |6.4 |9.0 |VIII |  |3 |8 |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 130&nbsp;km ENE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vvr/executive |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 130&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Kimbe]] |6.0 |117.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – 13&nbsp;km SE of Borāzjān, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006w5q/executive |access-date=2020-01-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]], 13&nbsp;km southeast of [[Borazjan|Borajzan]] |4.9 |10.0 |VI |Some damage was caused and seven people were injured. This earthquake struck near the Bushehr nuclear plant, but did not damage it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake hits near Iran nuclear plant, injuring 7 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/earthquake-hits-near-iran-nuclear-plant-injuring-7/ |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> | - |7 |- |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006wuf/executive |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], 341&nbsp;km northeast of [[Tilichiki]] |6.4 |10.0 |VII |– | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 4&nbsp;km S of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020010060/executive |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guánica, Puerto Rico|Guánica]] offshore, 4&nbsp;km south of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |5.2 |9.0 |VI |  |1 | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 5&nbsp;km SE of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020011010/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|, Guayanilla]] offshore, 5&nbsp;km southeast of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |5.9 |5.0 |VII |  | - | - |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.7 – 3&nbsp;km SSW of Talisay, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007et9/executive |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Calabarzon]], 3&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Lipa|Talisay]] |4.7 |10.0 | - |It was the first of the three largest earthquakes in a swarm related to the eruption of the Taal Volcano. Several houses were damaged in Lemery. | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 17&nbsp;km NNW of San Martín, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000708k/executive |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Argentina}}, [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]], 17&nbsp;km north northwest of [[San Martín, Mendoza|San Martín]] |4.5 |40.0 |III |Light damage was observed in the city of [[Mendoza]]. One person fainted from fear during a live TV show.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villegas |first=Rosana |date=15 January 2020 |title=El temblor en Mendoza generó una grieta en un edificio de Ciudad y debió acudir Defensa Civil |url=https://www.diariouno.com.ar/sociedad/temblor-mendoza-genero-grieta-edificio-ciudad-debio-acudir-defensa-civil-01152020_Hkf-jhnlI |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Diario Uno |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2020 |title=Temblor en Mendoza: susto y desmayo en vivo durante un programa de TV |url=https://www.diariouno.com.ar/sociedad/temblor-mendoza-susto-desmayo-vivo-durante-programa-tv-01152020_r1ZYS22eU |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Diario Uno |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 6&nbsp;km NE of Ixtepec, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700071ey/executive |access-date=2020-01-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 6&nbsp;km northeast of [[Ixtepec, Oaxaca|Ixtepec]] |5.2 |17.5 |VI |Various adobe houses and a church were damaged. The earthquake also caused some landslides and falling rocks blocked roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De 2020 |first=17 De Enero |date=17 January 2020 |title=Sismo de magnitud 5.3 grados en Oaxaca dejó daños en el Istmo de Tehuantepec |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/01/17/sismo-de-magnitud-53-grados-en-oaxaca-dejo-danos-en-el-istmo-de-tehuantepec/ |access-date=2020-01-17 |website=Infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 146&nbsp;km W of Abepura, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007a3h/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Papua (province)|Papua]], 146&nbsp;km west of [[Jayapura|Abepura]] |6.0 |44.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 104&nbsp;km ENE of Kashgar, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007anp/executive |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Xinjiang]], 104&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Kashgar]] |6.0 |5.6 |VIII |  |1 |2 |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 108&nbsp;km SE of Gorontalo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007arp/executive |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Sulawesi]] offshore, 108&nbsp;km southeast of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |6.1 |121.7 |IV | - | - | - |- |19<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km W of South Hutchinson, Kansas |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007att/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Kansas]], 2&nbsp;km west of [[South Hutchinson, Kansas|South Hutchinson]] |4.5 |5.0 |VI |There were reports of bricks breaking off chimneys and sidewalks cracking in the Hutchinson area.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007b5x/executive |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} offshore, 25&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Bristol Island]] |6.1 |93.0 |V | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 15&nbsp;km ESE of Kırkağaç, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007d2r/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Manisa Province|Manisa]], 15&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Kırkağaç]] |5.6 |5.6 |VII |A few structures collapsed, with people running outside for safety. Four people were injured. The earthquake was felt in [[Istanbul]] and [[Izmir|İzmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Two earthquakes strike western, central Turkey |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/two-earthquakes-strike-western-central-turkey-151312 |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref> | - |4 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 84&nbsp;km W of Adak, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007djn/executive |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 84&nbsp;km west of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.2 |10.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – 13&nbsp;km N of Doğanyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007ewc/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]], 13&nbsp;km north of [[Doğanyol]] |6.7 |10.0 |IX |  |41 |1,631 |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 240&nbsp;km WSW of Adak, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007g8m/executive |access-date=26 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 240&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.1 |17.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 6.2 quake two days prior. | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 102&nbsp;km WNW of Kirakira, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007gyx/executive |access-date=27 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}, [[Makira-Ulawa Province|Makira-Ulawa]] offshore, 102&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Kirakira, Solomon Islands|Kirakira]] |6.3 |21.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.7 – 123&nbsp;km NNW of Lucea, Jamaica |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007idc/executive |access-date=11 April 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} offshore, 123&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Lucea, Jamaica|Lucea]], [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] |7.7 |14.9 |VI |  | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 55&nbsp;km SE of East End, Cayman Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007iig/executive |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}, [[Grand Cayman]] offshore, 55&nbsp;km southeast of [[East End, Cayman Islands|East End]] |6.1 |10.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 7.7 earthquake a few hours earlier. | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 70&nbsp;km W of Kirakira, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007j2w/executive |access-date=29 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}, [[Makira-Ulawa Province|Makira-Ulawa]] offshore, 70&nbsp;km west of [[Kirakira, Solomon Islands|Kirakira]] |6.0 |85.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 6.3 quake two days prior. | - | - |} === Fabrairu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 113&nbsp;km NNE of Bangkalan, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007j6z/executive |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[East Java|Gabashin Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 113 arewa maso gabashin [[Bangkalan]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.2 |592.4 |Na | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 109&nbsp;km SSE of Pondaguitan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007jwn/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[North Sulawesi|Arewacin Sulawesi]] bakin teku, kilomita 13 kudu da [[Miangas]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.7 – 29&nbsp;km NE of Bāgeshwar, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lc7/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Uttarakhand]], kilomita 29 arewa maso gabashin [[Bageshwar]]{{Flag|India}}&nbsp; |4.7 |18.8 |Na huɗu |Wasu gidaje sun lalace, kuma daya ya rushe a Gundumar Bageshwar. Mutane biyu sun ji rauni daga rushewar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-08 |title=Earthquake caused havoc in Uttarakhand, many houses damaged |url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/earthquake-tremors-felt-in-uttarakhand-today-morning-one-house-collapsed-mc23-nu-1068661-1.html |access-date=2020-02-13 |website=News Track |language=en}}</ref> | - |2 |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lik/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, kilomita 113 kudu maso gabashin [[Bristol Island|Tsibirin Bristol]]{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}&nbsp; |6.0 |16.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 127&nbsp;km S of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lwy/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, Gabashin New Britain bakin teku, kilomita 127 kudu da [[Kokopo]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |34.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 95&nbsp;km ENE of Kuril'sk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007pa9/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku, kilomita 95 a gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Kurilsk]]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |7.0 |143.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.3 – 12&nbsp;km SSE of Ardab?l, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007r0p/executive |access-date=2022-05-10}}</ref> |, [[Ardabil province|Ardabil]], kilomita 12 kudu maso gabashin [[Ardabil]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.3 |10.0 | - |An haifar da wasu lalacewa, kuma mutane 27 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2020 |title=Dozens injured in earthquake in north-west Iran |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/02/dutzende-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-im-nordwesten-des-iran/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |27 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 41&nbsp;km NW of Salmās, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007v29/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Azerbaijan province|Yammacin Azerbaijan]], kilomita 30 kudu maso gabashin [[Salmas]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |5.8 |10.0 |VII | rowspan="2" |  |10 |141 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 37&nbsp;km ESE of Özalp, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007v9g/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Azerbaijan province|Yammacin Azerbaijan]], kilomita 37 gabashin kudu maso gabashin [[Özalp, Van|Özalp]], [[Turkiyya]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |6.0 |10.0 |VII | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 2&nbsp;km E of San Vincenzo la Costa, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007vtm/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Calabria]], kilomita 2 a gabashin [[San Vincenzo La Costa]]{{Flag|Italy}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |Na shida |Gine-gine daban-daban sun lalace kuma daya ya rushe a Lardin Cosenza. Mutum daya ya ji rauni a lokacin ofishin addini ta hanyar faduwar tubali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madrigrano |first=Elvira |date=2020-02-24 |title=Terremoto a Rende, paura danni e lesioni ad alcuni palazzi. Il video della scossa |url=https://www.quicosenza.it/news/le-notizie-dell-area-urbana-di-cosenza/rende/341407-terremoto-a-rende-paura-danni-e-lesioni-ad-alcuni-palazzi-il-video-della-scossa |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=QuiCosenza.it |language=it-IT |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225133216/https://www.quicosenza.it/news/le-notizie-dell-area-urbana-di-cosenza/rende/341407-terremoto-a-rende-paura-danni-e-lesioni-ad-alcuni-palazzi-il-video-della-scossa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Terremoto nel Cosentino, si stacca l'intonaco in una chiesa a Castiglione: un ferito |url=https://lacnews24.it/cronaca/terremoto-nel-cosentino-chiesa-lesionata_111219/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Lacnews24.it |language=it}}</ref> | - |1 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 21&nbsp;km WNW of Do?anyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600084bs/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], kilomita 21 arewa maso gabashin [[Doganyol]]{{Flag|Turkey}}&nbsp; |5.0 |10.0 |Na huɗu |An haifar da ƙananan lalacewa, kuma mutane shida sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Türkei: Mehrere Verletzte bei Nachbeben in Malatya |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/02/tuerkei-mehrere-verletzte-bei-nachbeben-in-malatya/ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Malatya'da 4,9 büyüklüğünde deprem |url=https://www.trthaber.com/m/?news=malatyada-49-buyuklugunde-deprem&news_id=463211&category_id=2 |publisher=trthaber.com |language=tr}}</ref> | - |6 |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 273&nbsp;km SW of Tual, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600084gu/executive |access-date=2020-03-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] bakin teku, kilomita 273 kudu maso yammacin [[Tual]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |54.0 |V | - | - | - |}   [[Fayil:Oštećena_zgrada_Ilica.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Wani gini a titin Ilica, [[Zagreb]] wanda girgizar kasa ta lalata a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 250px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 6&nbsp;km NNW of Guindapunan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600087il/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Eastern Visayas]] offshore, 6&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Guindapunan]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Many buildings were damaged in Leyte. Five schools were damaged in the town of Capoocan, causing class suspensions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School buildings damaged due to 5.5-magnitude quake |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/2/earthquake-leyte.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302030829/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/2/earthquake-leyte.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |access-date=2 March 2020 |publisher=CNNPhilippines}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|title=UB: 5 paaralan, napinsala ng magnitude 5.7 na lindol sa Capoocan, Leyte}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 116&nbsp;km W of Bhamo, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008937/executive |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Myanmar}}, [[Sagaing Region|Sagaing]], 116&nbsp;km west of [[Bhamo]] |4.8 |10.0 | - |Religious buildings were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Quake damages religious buildings in Myanmar |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/03/05/quake-damages-religious-buildings-in-myanmar |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=The Star}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref name="CHINASICHUAN">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=Schadensbeben in Sichuan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/schadensbeben-in-sichuan/ |access-date=2022-05-02}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Sichuan]] |3.9 |13.0 | - |Minor damage was observed in the epicentral area.<ref name="CHINASICHUAN" /> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Southwest Indian Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008ay3/executive |access-date=2020-04-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Southwest [[Ridge|Indian Ridge]] |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 71&nbsp;km SE of Estacion Coahuila, B.C., MX |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci38385946/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Baja California]] offshore, 71&nbsp;km southeast of [[Estación Coahuila]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |Minor damage were observed, such as falling objects and rockfalls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Sonora |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-sonora/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 27&nbsp;km S of Caniço, Portugal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008brw/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Portugal}}, [[Madeira]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km south of [[Caniço]] |5.3 |10.0 |V |Minor damage was reported in Funchal, like cracks in walls and fallen plaster. At least three roads were partially blocked by landslides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Madeira |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-madeira/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 11&nbsp;km W of Cicurug, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008d3j/executive |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], 11&nbsp;km west of [[Cicurug]] |5.0 |10.0 |VI |Around 90 houses were damaged in Sukabumi, and two people were slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BeritaSatu.com |date=10 March 2020 |title=Gempa Sukabumi, Tidak Ada Korban Jiwa |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/607417/gempa-sukabumi-tidak-ada-korban-jiwa |access-date=2020-03-10 |website=beritasatu.com |language=id |archive-date=2020-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319031843/https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/607417/gempa-sukabumi-tidak-ada-korban-jiwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - |2 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 26&nbsp;km NNW of Nanao, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008egj/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], 26&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Nanao, Ishikawa|Nanao]] |5.3 |10.0 |VII |One person was injured after suffering a fall during the quake.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2020 |title=Japan: Starkes Erdbeben auf Honshu – Ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/japan-starkes-erdbeben-auf-honshu/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – Kermadec Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008fl8/executive |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|New Zealand}}, [[Kermadec Islands]] offshore, 298&nbsp;km northeast of [[Raoul Island]] |6.4 |10.0 |III | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 94&nbsp;km WNW of Bandar Abbas, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008g7m/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Hormozgan province|Hormozgan]], 94&nbsp;km northwest of [[Bandar Abbas]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Minor damage was caused to many buildings and one partially collapsed in Hormozgan province. Two people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2020 |title=Zwei Verletzte bei Erdbeben in Hormozgan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/zwei-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-in-hormozgan/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 171&nbsp;km E of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008h76/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Niuatoputapu]] offshore, 171&nbsp;km east of [[Hihifo]] |6.0 |10.0 |IV |[[Samoa]] was shaken, although the epicentre was in Tonga. | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 99&nbsp;km NW of Sola, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008hkg/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Torba Province|Torba]] offshore, 99&nbsp;km northwest of [[Sola, Vanuatu|Sola]] |6.1 |176.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 5&nbsp;km NNE of Magna, Utah |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60363602/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Utah]], 5&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Magna, Utah|Magna]] |5.7 |11.9 |VII |  | - |Several |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 249&nbsp;km S of Nusa Dua, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008hzl/executive |access-date=2020-03-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Bali]] offshore, 249&nbsp;km south of [[Nusa Dua]] |6.2 |20.7 |VI | - | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 85&nbsp;km NE of Lobujya, Nepal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008cld/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Tibet]], 85&nbsp;km northeast of [[Lobujya]], [[Nepal]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |More than 300 buildings were damaged, affecting 67 villages. At least 2,855 people were evacuated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Tibet – Hunderte Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-tibet/ |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=西藏自治区启动日喀则市定日县"3·20"地震灾害IV级救助应急响应 |url=http://yjt.xizang.gov.cn/sitesources/xzajj/page_pc/sylm/hzfz/article9cc37dec59c94fb69f63ea1ca8266379.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=yjt.xizang.gov.cn |language=zh |archive-date=2022-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306005807/http://yjt.xizang.gov.cn/sitesources/xzajj/page_pc/sylm/hzfz/article9cc37dec59c94fb69f63ea1ca8266379.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 178&nbsp;km WSW of Altai, Mongolia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008cmt/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mongolia}}, [[Govi-Altai]], 178&nbsp;km southwest of [[Altai City|Altai]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |Minor damage was caused to many structures, including a government building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in der Mongolei |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-der-mongolei/ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Тонхил суманд дөрвөн удаагийн давтамжтай газар хөдөллөө |url=https://www.montsame.mn/mn/read/219585 |access-date=2022-03-06 |publisher=[[Montsame]] |language=mn}}</ref> | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 14&nbsp;km NNE of Kanaláki, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008db1/executive |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Greece}}, [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], 14&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Fanari, Preveza|Kanallaki]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |Some old buildings were damaged and some also collapsed in Kanallaki. Three people were slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2020 |title=Magnitude 5.6 Earthquake Strikes North-Western Greece |url=https://greece.greekreporter.com/2020/03/21/magnitude-5-6-earthquake-strikes-north-western-greece/ |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=greece.greekreporter.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Three injured, houses damaged after quake shakes western Greece – China.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-03/21/content_75843166.htm |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=china.org.cn}}</ref> | - |3 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 5&nbsp;km E of Gornja Bistra, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008dx7/executive |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Zagreb]], 5&nbsp;km east of [[Gornja Bistra]] |5.3 |10.0 |VII |  |1 |26 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – central East Pacific Rise |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008e91/executive |access-date=2020-03-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central [[Pacific Ocean|East Pacific]] Rise |6.1 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.5 – 221&nbsp;km SSE of Severo-Kuril'sk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00q7qai7/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kuril Islands]] offshore, 221&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Severo-Kurilsk]] |7.5 |57.8 |V |Following this earthquake, tsunami warnings were issued at first, but were later rescinded, with tsunami heights of 0.5 m observed in Severo-Kurilsk. One person died, trying to evacuate from the tsunami. |1 | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 27&nbsp;km SW of Burias, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008ghw/executive |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Soccsksargen|Soccksargen]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km southwest of [[Glan|Burias]] |6.1 |59.0 |VI |Some minor damage was observed, like cracks in walls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No major damage in GenSan, Sarangani from magnitude 6.1 quake |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097978 |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=pna.gov.ph}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 73&nbsp;km WSW of Poso, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008hvb/executive |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Central Sulawesi]], 73&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Poso]] |5.9 |10.0 |VII |At least three people were injured. 33 houses and several public facilities were damaged. Power outage was reported in some affected areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Indonesia – Central Sulawesi Province Earthquake (ECHO Daily Flash of 30 March 2020) – Indonesia |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-central-sulawesi-province-earthquake-echo-daily-flash-30-march-2020 |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> | - |3 |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – Stanley, Idaho |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008jr5/executive |access-date=2020-03-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Idaho]], 31&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Stanley, Idaho|Stanley]] |6.5 |12.1 |VIII |  | - | - |- |} === Afrilu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 255px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref name="CHINA">{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 274&nbsp;km NE of Qamdo, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008kd8/executive |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Qinghai]], kilomita 274 arewa maso gabashin [[Qamdo]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |5.4 |10.0 |VII |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a Serxu . <ref name="CHINA" /> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 124&nbsp;km WNW of Ternate, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008peg/executive |access-date=2020-04-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[North Maluku|Arewacin Maluku]] bakin teku, kilomita 124 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Ternate]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |42.0 |V | - | - | - |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – Mid-Indian Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008um8/executive |access-date=2020-04-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> | a bakin teku, kilomita 96 a arewacin [[Île Amsterdam|Tsibirin Amsterdam]]{{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}&nbsp; |6.1 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Kermadec Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008vsp/executive |access-date=2020-04-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kermadec Islands|Tsibirin Kermadec]] a bakin teku, kilomita 194 kudu maso gabashin [[Raoul Island|Tsibirin Raoul]]{{Flag|New Zealand}}&nbsp; |6.0 |31.0 | - | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 13&nbsp;km NNE of Pinillos, Colombia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008wpb/executive |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Bolívar Department|Bolívar]], kilomita 13 arewa maso gabashin [[Pinillos]]{{Flag|Colombia}}&nbsp; |5.7 |53.0 |V |Wasu tsofaffin gidaje sun sami lalacewa a Sashen Cesar. A Magdalena, gidaje uku sun rushe kuma yaro daya ya ji rauni kadan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=Temblor dejó daños en el Cesar |url=https://portalenlace.com.co/temblor-dejo-danos-en-el-cesar/ |publisher=Portal Enlace}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2020 |title=Colapsan tres casas en área rural de El Banco tras sismo de 5,7 |url=https://www.elheraldo.co/magdalena/colapsan-tres-casas-en-area-rural-de-el-banco-tras-sismo-de-57-717811 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=EL HERALDO |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km SE of Marsaglia, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xgd/executive |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Emilia-Romagna, kilomita 2 kudu maso gabashin [[Marsaglia]]{{Flag|Italy}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 |V |An haifar da wasu lalacewa a Cerignale. Gine-gine daban-daban sun sami raguwa a cikin ganuwar, kuma coci ya ɗan lalace.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Cittadini terrorizzati in strada, il terremoto ha scatenato il panico": parlano i sindaci dei comuni colpiti – Libertà Piacenza |url=https://www.liberta.it/news/cronaca/2020/04/16/cittadini-terrorizzati-in-strada-il-terremoto-ha-scatenato-il-panico-parlano-i-sindaci-dei-comuni-colpiti/ |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=Liberta.it |language=it}}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 59&nbsp;km NNE of Savannah Bight, Honduras |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xeb/executive |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Bay Islands bakin teku, 59 km arewa maso gabashin [[Guanaja|Savannah Bight]]{{Flag|Honduras|1949}}&nbsp; |6.1 |12.0 |V | - | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 38&nbsp;km ESE of Falam, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xhp/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Sagaing, kilomita 39 gabas kudu maso gabashin [[Falam]]{{Flag|Myanmar}}&nbsp; |5.9 |10.0 |VII |Gine-gine daban-daban sun lalace, gami da makarantu da yawa, pagoda, da tashar wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MYAT MOE AUNG |date=2020-04-17 |title=ချင်းပြည်နယ် ငလျင် အကြီးစားပျက်စီးဆုံးရှုံးမှု မရှိ |trans-title=No major damage in Chin State |url=https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/138350.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=[[The Myanmar Times]] |language=my}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 27&nbsp;km N of Tasiilaq, Greenland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008yib/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Sermersooq]], kilomita 27 a arewacin [[Tasiilaq]]{{Flag|Greenland}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 | - |Wasu gine-gine sun sami karamin lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake Review 2020 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Earthquake%20Review%202020.pdf |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=reliefweb.int}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – Bonin Islands, Japan region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00q8z62q/executive |access-date=2020-04-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Bonin Islands|Tsibirin Bonin]] a bakin teku, kilomita 209 a yammacin [[Chichijima]]{{Flag|Japan}}&nbsp; |6.6 |453.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 31&nbsp;km SE of Ōfunato, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000903m/executive |access-date=2020-04-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] bakin teku, kilomita 31 kudu maso gabashin [[Ōfunato]]{{Flag|Japan}}&nbsp; |6.3 |38.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 7&nbsp;km WSW of Orzu, Tajikistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009bvd/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Khatlon Region|Khatlon]], kilomita 7 kudu maso yammacin [[Orzu, Tajikistan|Orzu]]{{Flag|Tajikistan}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 | - |An haifar da mummunar lalacewa a Orzu.<ref name="ORZU">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2020 |title=Erdbebenserie in Tadschikistan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/04/erdbebenserie-in-tadschikistan/ |language=de}}</ref> Wannan shi ne mafi karfi a cikin girgizar kasa.<ref name="ORZU" /> | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 140&nbsp;km W of Panguna, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009c06/executive |access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]] bakin teku, kilomita 140 kudu da [[Panguna]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 40&nbsp;km ESE of Padangsidempuan, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700097e2/executive |access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> |, [[North Sumatera|Arewacin Sumatra]], kilomita 40 gabas kudu maso gabashin [[Padangsidempuan]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.0 |17.1 |V |Wasu gine-gine, ciki har da gidaje, masallatai da makarantu, sun lalace a Kudancin Tapanuli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2020 |title=Gempa M 5,6 Guncang Tapanuli Selatan, Rumah Warga, Masjid dan Sekolah Rusak. |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/04/30/23553781/gempa-m-56-guncang-tapanuli-selatan-rumah-warga-masjid-dan-sekolah-rusak |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=Kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |} === Mayu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 6&nbsp;km SW of Rakovski, Bulgaria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009865/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Plovdiv Province|Plovdiv]], kilomita 6 kudu maso yammacin [[Rakovski (town)|Rakovski]]{{Flag|Bulgaria}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 |V |An lura da lalacewar gine-gine kamar murhu da ya rushe, fashewar gyare-gyare, da tsagewa a bangon a Plovdiv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Земетресение край Пловдив, има леки материални щети |url=https://nova.bg/amp/news/view/2020/05/01/286700/%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=nova.bg |language=bg}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 6&nbsp;km S of Tallaboa, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020123010/executive |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Peñuelas, Puerto Rico|Peñuelas]] bakin teku, kilomita 6 kudu da yankin Tallaboa{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}&nbsp;[[Encarnación, Peñuelas, Puerto Rico#Tallaboa|Al'ummar Tallaboa]] |5.4 |9.0 |VII |Wasu gine-gine sun lalace a Ponce, kuma an yanke wutar lantarki a birane daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Se registran daños estructurales en Ponce tras sismo de 5.4 |url=https://www.noticel.com/ahora/top-stories/20200502/se-registran-danos-estructurales-en-ponce-tras-sismo-de-5-2/ |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=noticel.com |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – 91&nbsp;km S of Néa Anatolí, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700098qd/executive |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri, kilomita 91 a kudancin Néa [[Anatoli]]{{Flag|Greece}}&nbsp; |6.5 |10.0 |Na shida |An bayar da gargadi na tsunami, kuma an auna karamin tsunami na 20 cm a Ierapeetra. An lura da wasu rushewar ƙasa a kan hanyoyi.&nbsp; | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 10&nbsp;km WNW of Aleshtar, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009axp/executive |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lorestan province|Lorestan]], kilomita 10 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Aleshtar]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |V |Wasu gine-gine sun lalace, kuma mutane 25 sun sami raunuka masu sauƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=Several Wounded as Magnitude 5.1 Quake Hits Western Iran |url=https://ifpnews.com/several-wounded-as-magnitude-5-1-quake-hits-western-iran |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Iran Front Page |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920052516/https://ifpnews.com/several-wounded-as-magnitude-5-1-quake-hits-western-iran |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - |25 |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – Banda Sea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009b14/executive |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] bakin teku, 205 km arewa maso yammacin [[Saumlaki]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.8 |96.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 215&nbsp;km NNW of Arawa, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009bn4/executive |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]] bakin teku, 215 km arewa maso yammacin [[Arawa, Bougainville|Arawa]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |471.2 |Na biyu | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 3&nbsp;km NNW of Damāvand, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009bxr/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tehran province|Tehran]], kilomita 3 arewa maso yammacin [[Damavand]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |V |An haifar da wasu ƙananan lalacewa a babban birnin [[Tehran]]. Wani mutum a Damavand ya mutu daga raunin kai, yayin da wani ya mutu a Tehran daga ciwon zuciya. Wasu 38 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two killed, 38 injured as earthquake hits northern Iran |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2020/05/08/two-killed-38-injured-as-earthquake-hits-northern-iran |website=Gulf Today}}</ref> |2 |38 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 175&nbsp;km SSE of Lata, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qa8poq/executive |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Santa Cruz Islands|Tsibirin Santa Cruz]] na bakin teku, 175 km kudu maso gabashin [[Lata, Solomon Islands|Lata]]{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}&nbsp; |6.6 |107.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – Monte Cristo Range, NV Earthquake |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nn00725272/executive |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Nevada]], kilomita 33 kudu maso gabashin [[Mina, Nevada|Mina]]{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp; |6.5 |2.7 |Na takwas |  | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 Mine Collapse – 3&nbsp;km SSE of Kiruna, Sweden |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009ja2/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lapland (Sweden)|Lapland]], kilomita 3 kudu maso kudu maso gabashin [[Kiruna]]{{Flag|Sweden}}&nbsp; |4.9 |1.0 |VII |Wannan shi ne girgizar kasa mafi karfi da ta mamaye [[Sweden]] a cikin shekaru 12. Ya haifar da wasu duwatsu a cikin ma'adinin Kiruna, wanda dole ne a kwashe shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonassen |first=Trine |title=Earthquake in Kiruna: Most powerful in Sweden in 12 years |url=https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/earthquake-kiruna-most-powerful-sweden-12-years |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=highnorthnews.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006012116/https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/earthquake-kiruna-most-powerful-sweden-12-years |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 42&nbsp;km W of Zhaotong, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009jr6/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Yunnan]], kilomita 42 yammacin [[Zhaotong]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |5.1 |10.0 |Na shida |  |4 |28 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 173&nbsp;km ESE of La Playa, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009n5p/executive |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Baja California Sur off, 173 km gabashin kudu maso gabashin [[San José del Cabo]]{{Flag|Mexico}}&nbsp; |6.1 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 14&nbsp;km S of Suklayin, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009nx5/executive |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Central Luzon|Tsakiyar Luzon]], kilomita 14 kudu da [[Baler|Suklayin]]{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp; |5.2 |43.5 |Na huɗu |Wani babban kanti da ginin gwamnati sun lalace. Mutum daya ya ji rauni bayan ya fadi a lokacin girgizar kasa. | - |1 |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – 4&nbsp;km NW of Dogonbadan, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009pe3/executive |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province|Kohgiluyeh da Boyer-Ahmad]], kilomita 3 arewa maso yammacin [[Dogonbadan]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.9 |10.0 |Na shida |Babban lalacewa ya faru a cikin garin tarihi na Dehdasht, kuma mutane 16 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5.2 earthquake hits Iran |url=https://www.poandpo.com/news/52-earthquake-hits-iran |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Post Online Media |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607222902/https://www.poandpo.com/news/52-earthquake-hits-iran/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - |16 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 51&nbsp;km WNW of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009zv5/executive |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] bakin teku, kilomita 51 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Port-Vila]]{{Flag|Vanuatu}}&nbsp; |6.2 |9.7 |V | - | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 111&nbsp;km SSE of 'Ohonua, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a0um/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, 'Eua bakin teku, 111 km kudu maso gabashin [['Ohonua]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.0 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 19&nbsp;km SW of Vilavila, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a316/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Puno District|Puno]], kilomita 19 kudu maso yammacin [[Vilavila District|Vilavila]]{{Flag|Peru}}&nbsp; |6.1 |186.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |- |} === Yuni === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 260px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 48&nbsp;km SW of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a4yi/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]], 48&nbsp;km southwest of [[San Pedro de Atacama]] |6.8 |112.0 |VI |A church collapsed in Camar, Antofagasta and moderate damage was caused in San Pedro de Atacama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gacitua |first=Angela |date=2020-06-03 |title=Derrumbe en histórica iglesia y daños en San Pedro de Atacama tras sismo de magnitud 6.9 |url=https://www.diarioantofagasta.cl/regional/san-pedro-de-atacama/119617/derrumbe-en-historica-iglesia-y-danos-en-san-pedro-de-atacama-tras-sismo-de-magnitud-6-9/ |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=El Diario de Antofagasta |language=es-CL}}</ref> | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – south of the Fiji Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a532/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Fiji}} offshore, south of the Fiji Islands |6.0 |69.8 | - | - | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 23&nbsp;km NW of Banda Aceh, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a5jq/executive |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Aceh]] offshore, 23&nbsp;km northwest of [[Banda Aceh]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |Some buildings were damaged in Sabang, with collapsed walls and roofs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-04 |title=Buildings damaged as 4.8-magnitude quake and aftershocks hit Aceh |url=https://coconuts.co/jakarta/news/buildings-damaged-as-4-8-magnitude-quake-and-aftershocks-hit-aceh/ |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=Coconuts Jakarta}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 133&nbsp;km NNE of Tobelo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a5r3/executive |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Maluku]] offshore, 133&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Tobelo]] |6.4 |112.9 |V |More than 300 houses were damaged in Morotai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2020 |title=Sebanyak 312 Rumah Warga Morotai Maluku Utara Rusak Akibat Gempa |url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/sebanyak-312-rumah-warga-morotai-maluku-utara-rusak-akibat-gempa.html |access-date=2020-06-08 |website=merdeka.com |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 25&nbsp;km WSW of Doğanyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a6qw/executive |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], 25&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Doğanyol]] |5.1 |10.0 |VI |At least 20 buildings suffered damage in Pütürge following the quake, two of them severely.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-06-05 |title=Moderate earthquake felt strong in the Diyarbakir region – 20 buildings damaged – Turkey – June 5, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/05/moderate-earthquake-turkey-june-5-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606211426/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/05/moderate-earthquake-turkey-june-5-2020/ |archive-date=2020-06-06 |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 33&nbsp;km WSW of Puerto Casma, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a7ea/executive |access-date=2020-06-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Ancash|Ancash]] offshore, 33&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Casma|Puerto Casma]] |4.5 |57.2 |III |A young man died of a heart attack in a panic during the evacuation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-08 |title=Chimbote: Joven muere por paro cardíaco durante temblor |url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/chimbote/chimbote-joven-muere-por-paro-cardiaco-durante-temblor-942280/ |access-date=2020-06-09 |website=Correo |language=es}}</ref> |1 | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 56&nbsp;km ENE of Mohr, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a8nh/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Fars province|Fars]], 56&nbsp;km northeast of [[Mohr, Fars|Mohr]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |Eighty buildings were damaged by the earthquake, three of them severely. One person was slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2020 |title=Zwei starke Erdbeben im Iran |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/06/zwei-starke-erdbeben-im-iran/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a9ik/executive |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} offshore, 783&nbsp;km west of [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 130&nbsp;km WNW of Naze, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abcq/executive |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ryukyu Islands]] offshore, 130&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Naze, Kagoshima|Naze]] |6.6 |165.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abgq/executive |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}, [[Agrihan]] offshore, 420&nbsp;km north of [[Saipan]] |6.2 |622.0 |II | - | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 14&nbsp;km E of Yedisu, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abnv/executive |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Bingöl Province|Bingöl]], 14&nbsp;km east of [[Yedisu]] |5.9 |10.0 |VII |  |1 |35 |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 9&nbsp;km N of Bhach?u, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abp7/executive |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Gujarat]], 9&nbsp;km north of [[Bhachau]] |5.1 |10.0 |VI |Cracks appeared on some houses in Chotila, while in Bhachau, the roof of a building collapsed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2020 |title=ગુજરાતની ધરા ધ્રુજી : 5.5 તીવ્રતાનો ભૂકંપ આવતા લોકો ઘરની બહાર આવી ગયા, એપી સેન્ટર કચ્છમાં |url=https://www.gstv.in/earthquake-tremors-were-felt-in-gujarat-gujarati-news/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=GSTV |language=gu }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાત 5.3ની તીવ્રતાના ભૂકંપથી ધૂ્રજ્યું : કચ્છમાં એપીસેન્ટર |url=https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/national/5-3-magnitude-earthquake-shakes-gujarat-ap-center-in-kutch |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=gujaratsamachar.com |language=gu |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204043213/https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/national/5-3-magnitude-earthquake-shakes-gujarat-ap-center-in-kutch |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 100&nbsp;km NNE of Phôngsali, Laos |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000acn0/executive |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vietnam}}, [[Lai Châu Province|Lai Châu]], 100&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Phongsali|Phôngsali]], [[Laos]] |4.5 |10.0 |V |In Lai Châu, a ceiling in a nursery school partially collapsed and fell on a group of children who were sleeping when the quake hit. Four of them suffered minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-06-16 |title=Earthquake felt in Vietnam-Laos-Yunnan border region – 4 children injured – June 16, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/16/moderate-earthquake-vietnam-june-16-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616221123/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/16/moderate-earthquake-vietnam-june-16-2020/ |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - |4 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.4 – south of the Kermadec Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ae4n/executive |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|New Zealand}}, [[Kermadec Islands]] offshore, 683&nbsp;km northeast of [[Ōpōtiki]] |7.4 |10.0 |VII |A tsunami warning was issued, then cancelled, with waves of {{Convert|12|cm}} hitting [[Korotiti Bay]], Great Barrier Island.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: NEW ZEALAND |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5750 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-18 |title=7.4 magnitude earthquake overnight felt across New Zealand |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300037999/74-magnitude-earthquake-overnight-felt-across-new-zealand |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 27&nbsp;km NNE of Siglufjörður, Iceland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ag18/executive |access-date=2020-06-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iceland}}, [[Northeastern Region (Iceland)|Northeastern region]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Siglufjörður]] |6.0 |10.0 |V | - | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 22&nbsp;km E of North Vanlaiphai, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ag4u/executive |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Mizoram]], 22&nbsp;km east of [[North Vanlaiphai]] |5.6 |10.8 |VII |Several buildings and a church were damaged in Champhai district.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-22 |title=Church, buildings damaged in earthquake in Mizoram |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/church-buildings-damaged-in-earthquake-in-mizoram-852286.html |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 97&nbsp;km SE of Gorontalo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ah1z/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Gorontalo]] offshore, 97&nbsp;km southeast of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |6.0 |109.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-23 |title=M 7.4 – 9&nbsp;km SE of Santa María Xadani, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ah9t/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 9&nbsp;km southeast of [[Santa María Xadani]] |7.4 |20.0 |IX |  |10 |23 |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=M 5.8 – 18&nbsp;km SSE of Lone Pine, CA |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci39493944/executive |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[California]], 18&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Lone Pine, California|Lone Pine]] |5.8 |4.7 |VIII |The earthquake triggered rockslides near the main parking lot in Whitney Portal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=UPDATE: Eastern Sierra Shaken By 5.8 Magnitude Earthquake; Triggers Mt. Whitney Landslide |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/24/eastern-sierra-shaken-by-5-8-magnitude-earthquake-near-lone-pine/ |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=CBS San Francisco |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=M 5.9 – 36&nbsp;km SE of Hasaki, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aabt/executive |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] offshore, 36&nbsp;km southeast of [[Hasaki, Ibaraki|Hasaki]] |5.9 |29.1 |V |Two people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=千葉県東方沖を震源とする地震による被害及び 消防機関等の対応状況(第６報) |trans-title=Damage caused by an earthquake centered off the east coast of Chiba Prefecture and Response status of fire departments (6th report) |url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/chibakentouhouokijishin6.pdf |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=fdma.go.jp |language=ja}}</ref> | - |2 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 14&nbsp;km SSW of Özalp, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aavx/executive |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Van Province|Van]], 14&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Özalp, Van|Özalp]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Around 15 houses sustained damage, and five people were hospitalized with light injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5.4-magnitude earthquake hits eastern Turkey; 5 injured |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/moderately-strong-earthquake-hits-eastern-turkey-71444635 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> | - |5 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 278&nbsp;km SE of Hotan, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000abmk/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Tibet]], 278&nbsp;km southeast of [[Hotan]] |6.3 |10.0 |VIII | - | - | - |- |} === Yuli === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 9&nbsp;km SSE of La Parguera, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020185017/executive |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Lajas bakin teku, kilomita 9 kudu maso gabashin [[Lajas, Puerto Rico|La Parguera]]{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}&nbsp; |5.3 |3.0 |Na shida |  | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 47&nbsp;km E of Rasht, Tajikistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ahv9/executive |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction|Gundumomi a karkashin ikon Gwamnatin Tsakiya]], kilomita 47 gabashin [[Rasht District|Rasht]]{{Flag|Tajikistan}}&nbsp; |5.4 |10.0 |Na shida |Gidaje da yawa sun lalace a Gundumar Tojikobod, gami da akalla goma a ƙauyen Shrinchashma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saturday's quake reportedly partially damages dozens of residential building in Tojikbod district |url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/security/20200707/saturdays-quake-reportedly-partially-damages-dozens-of-residential-building-in-tojikbod-district |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Asiaplus.tj |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 257&nbsp;km N of Fais, Micronesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aixy/executive |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Yap]] bakin teku, kilomita 257 arewacin Fais{{Flag|Micronesia}}&nbsp;[[Fais Island|Yi]] |6.2 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – Java Sea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aj3w/executive |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 98 arewacin [[Batang, Batang|Batang]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.6 |533.8 |Na biyu |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a ƙauyen Raguklampitan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2020 |title=Schweres Erdbeben erschüttert Java |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/schweres-erdbeben-erschuettert-java-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 1&nbsp;km ENE of Zhaogezhuang, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000am2b/executive |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Hebei]], 1 km gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Zhaogezhuang]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |Na shida |An samu raguwa a cikin tsoffin gine-gine kuma an dakatar da ayyukan jirgin kasa. | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 114&nbsp;km NNW of Popondetta, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aq3e/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Oro bakin teku, kilomita 114 arewa maso yammacin [[Popondetta]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |7.0 |73.0 |VII |An bayar da gargadi na tsunami. Gidaje da yawa sun lalace kuma wasu sun rushe a Gundumar Sohe. Wata mace ta mutu ta hanyar rushewar ƙasa kuma wani ya ji rauni lokacin da gidanta ya rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National |first=The |date=2020-07-20 |title=Quake kills one |url=https://www.thenational.com.pg/quake-kills-one/ |access-date=2020-07-20 |website=The National |language=en-US}}</ref> |1 |1 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 3&nbsp;km SE of Iquique, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aq5p/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], kilomita 3 kudu maso gabashin Iquique{{Flag|Chile}}&nbsp;[[Iquique|Rashin hankali]] |5.9 |73.6 |VII |An lura da katsewar wutar lantarki da dutsen dutse a Pica.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-17 |title=Sismo de mediana magnitud se registra en el norte del país |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-tarapaca/2020/07/17/sismo-mediana-intensidad-se-registra-norte-del-pais.shtml |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=BioBioChile |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 239&nbsp;km E of Port Blair, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aqaw/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Andaman Islands|Tsibirin Andaman]] a bakin teku, kilomita 239 a gabashin Port Blair{{Flag|India}}&nbsp;[[Port Blair|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Blair]] |6.1 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 141&nbsp;km ENE of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qdo8ij/executive |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Niuatoputapu]] bakin teku, 141 km gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Hihifo]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.1 |12.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Fiji region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asms/executive |access-date=2020-07-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lau Province|Lau]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Fiji}} |6.0 |605.2 | - | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.8 – 99&nbsp;km SSE of Perryville, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asvb/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 99 kudu maso gabashin [[Perryville, Alaska|Perryville]]{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp; |7.8 |28.0 |VII |  | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 101&nbsp;km ESE of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asx4/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, 101 km gabashin kudu maso gabashin Sand Point{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |6.1 |16.5 |Na shida |Ya kasance girgizar kasa ta 7.8 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin. | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – western Xizang |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b26j/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]{{Flag|China}} |6.3 |10.0 |VII |Gine-gine goma sha huɗu sun lalace a girgizar kasa. Har ila yau, an yi lalacewar gine-gine takwas da ba a zaune ba da kuma gine-ginen jama'a guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2020 |title=Schweres Erdbeben in Tibet: Dutzende Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/schweres-erdbeben-in-tibet-dutzende-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b46r/executive |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |[[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|Tsibirin Sandwich na Kudu]] a bakin teku, yankin Tsibirin Sandwiches na Kudu{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} |6.4 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – ~120km W of Hanoi, Vietnam |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b4kv/executive |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Sơn La Province|Sơn La]], kilomita 120 a yammacin [[Hanoi]]{{Flag|Vietnam}}&nbsp; |4.9 |10.0 |Na shida |Akalla gine-gine 126 sun lalace a garuruwa biyar kusa da cibiyar, kuma wasu sun rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-07-27 |title=Moderate earthquake in northern Vietnam – More than 100 buildings damaged – July 27, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/07/27/moderate-earthquake-laos-july-27-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823181841/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/07/27/moderate-earthquake-laos-july-27-2020/ |archive-date=23 August 2020 |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 3&nbsp;km N of La Paz, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b4ug/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Caraga]], kilomita 3 a arewacin La Paz{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp;[[Bayabas|Zaman Lafiya]] |5.8 |43.4 |V |A Talacogon, bango na ginin zama ya rushe. A San Francisco, rufin wani mall ya fadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Schäden nach starkem Erdbeben auf den Philippinen |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-philippinen/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 75&nbsp;km SW of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b56k/executive |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 75 kudu maso yammacin Sand Point{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |6.1 |35.2 |V |Ya kasance girgizar kasa ta 7.8 a ranar 22 ga Yuli. | - | - |} === Agusta ===   [[Fayil:Cataingan_Port_damage_-_2020_Masbate_Earthquake_06.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Lalacewar tashar jiragen ruwa a Cataingan bayan mummunar Girgizar kasa ta Masbate.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 11&nbsp;km SW of Polloc, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b80p/executive |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Bangsamoro]] offshore, 11&nbsp;km southwest of [[Parang|Polloc]] |6.4 |483.0 |III | - | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 199&nbsp;km SE of Lorengau, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b84f/executive |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} offshore, [[Bismarck Sea]], 199&nbsp;km southeast of [[Lorengau]] |6.1 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 18&nbsp;km NNE of Sincik, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b930/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Adiyaman Province|Adiyaman]], 18&nbsp;km northeast of [[Sincik]] |5.6 |10.0 |VII |Around five houses were destroyed in Malatya.<ref name="TURKEY">{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=Starkes Nachbeben im Osten der Türkei beschädigt zahlreiche Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/starkes-nachbeben-im-osten-der-tuerkei-2/ |language=de}}</ref> It was an aftershock of the 2020 Elazig earthquake.<ref name="TURKEY" /> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 69&nbsp;km E of Lakatoro, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b9mv/executive |access-date=2020-08-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Malampa Province|Malampa]] offshore, 69&nbsp;km east of [[Lakatoro]] |6.4 |181.9 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – Prince Edward Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000badi/executive |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|South Africa}} offshore, [[Prince Edward Islands]] region |6.3 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 2&nbsp;km SSE of Magas Arriba, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020220000/executive |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]], 2&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Magas Arriba]] |4.8 |12.0 |VI |  | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 3&nbsp;km NNE of Sidi Mérouane, Algeria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bag6/executive |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Algeria}}, [[Mila Province|Mila]], 3&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Sidi Merouane]] |5.0 |10.0 |VII |At least three homes were completely destroyed, and 31 residential buildings and a road suffered minor damage. No injuries were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quake Causes Panic, Damages Homes in Eastern Algeria |url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2435551/quake-causes-panic-damages-homes-eastern-algeria |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Asharq Al-Awsat |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 3&nbsp;km SSE of Be?endik, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bas2/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Siirt Province|Siirt]], 3&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Beğendik, Siirt|Beğendik]] |4.8 |15.1 |– |There were reports of cracks on walls of some masonry houses in Hizan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Başkan Aktaş, deprem sonrası muhtarlarla görüştü |url=http://beyazgazete.com/video/webtv/guncel-1/baskan-aktas-deprem-sonrasi-muhtarlarla-gorustu-855643.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=[[Beyaz Gazete]] |language=tr}}</ref> | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 4&nbsp;km SE of Sparta, North Carolina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/se60324281/executive |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[North Carolina]], 4&nbsp;km southeast of [[Sparta, North Carolina|Sparta]] |5.1 |4.1 |VII |  | - |1 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 66&nbsp;km NNE of Kilindoni, Tanzania |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bdg8/executive |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Tanzania}}, [[Pwani Region|Pwani]] offshore, 66&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Kilindoni]] |6.0 |17.6 |V |Some damage, like cracked walls and broken windows, were reported in some buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=An earthquake shook Tanzania. A new law prohibits citizens from speaking about it online. |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/08/14/an-earthquake-shook-tanzania-a-new-law-prohibits-citizens-from-speaking-about-it-online/ |website=[[Global Voices]]}}</ref> | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 57&nbsp;km SSW of Surab, Pakistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bdq8/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Pakistan}}, [[Balochistan]], 57&nbsp;km southwest of [[Surab, Pakistan|Surab]] |5.6 |14.0 |VI |Around 300 houses were destroyed in the earthquake, affecting around 700 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=Pakistan-Erdbeben zerstört hunderte Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/pakistan-erdbeben-zerstoert-hunderte-gebaeude/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 13&nbsp;km E of San Pedro, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgbr/ |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Eastern Visayas]] offshore, 13&nbsp;km east of [[Cataingan|San Pedro]] |6.6 |10.0 |VIII |  |2 |170 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 138&nbsp;km WSW of Bengkulu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgvl/executive |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]] offshore, 138&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Bengkulu]] |6.8 |22.0 |IV | rowspan="2" |This pair of similarly sized earthquakes in a few minutes can be considered as a doublet earthquake. | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – 122&nbsp;km WSW of Bengkulu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgvu/executive |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]] offshore, 122&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Bengkulu]] |6.9 |26.0 |IV | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – 222&nbsp;km SSE of Katabu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bi4p/executive |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}} offshore, [[Banda Sea]], 222&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Katabu]] |6.9 |624.0 |III | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 4&nbsp;km SSW of Jacó, Costa Rica |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bcbv/executive |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Costa Rica}}, [[Puntarenas Province|Puntarenas]], 4&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Jacó, Costa Rica|Jacó]] |6.0 |20.0 |V | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 141&nbsp;km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bctq/executive |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 141&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Kokopo]] |6.0 |23.0 |VI | rowspan="2" |This pair of similarly sized earthquakes in a few minutes can be considered as a doublet earthquake. | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 141&nbsp;km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bcty/executive |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 141&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Kokopo]] |6.2 |22.0 |VI | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – 26&nbsp;km N of D?mgh?n, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bev6/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Semnan province|Semnan]], 26&nbsp;km north of [[Damghan]] |4.0 |10.0 |IV |No damage was reported, but one person died of a heart attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Iran: Erdbeben in Semnan fordert Todesopfer |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/erdbeben-in-semnan-fordert-todesopfer/ |language=de}}</ref> |1 | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 3&nbsp;km WSW of Mutuípe, Brazil |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bf08/executive |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Brazil}}, [[Bahia]], 6&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Mutuípe]] |4.6 |10.0 |VI |It was the strongest earthquake in the state of Bahia in the last 30 years. At least 22 houses were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Line |first=A. TARDE On |date=30 August 2020 |title=Codesal registra mais de 20 ocorrências relacionadas ao tremor de terra em Salvador |url=http://www.atarde.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/2137417-codesal-registra-mais-de-20-ocorrencias-relacionadas-ao-tremor-de-terra-em-salvador |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216044935/http://atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/2137417-codesal-registra-mais-de-20-ocorrencias-relacionadas-ao-tremor-de-terra-em-salvador |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=Portal A TARDE |language=pt-br}}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bf3k/executive |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.5 |10.0 |V | - | - | - |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – Chagos Archipelago region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfbx/executive |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} offshore, [[Chagos Archipelago]] region |6.1 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |} === Satumba === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 385px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 86&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfjr/executive |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 86&nbsp;km northwest of [[Vallenar]] |6.8 |21.0 |VII |Some damage was observed in the city of Copiapó, near the epicenter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Carlos |date=2020-09-01 |title=Fuerte sismo en el norte de Chile causa algunos daños |url=https://bnonews.es/index.php/2020/09/fuerte-sismo-se-registra-en-chile-2/ |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=BNO Noticias |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 78&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfjx/executive |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 78&nbsp;km northwest of Vallenar |6.3 |16.2 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.8 quake one hour earlier. | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – 94&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bg4v/executive |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 94&nbsp;km northwest of Vallenar |6.5 |16.0 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.8 quake a few hours earlier. | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 2&nbsp;km NW of Fukui-shi, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bhk5/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Fukui Prefecture|Fukui]], 2&nbsp;km northwest of [[Fukui (city)|Fukui-shi]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |Some damage was caused, and 13 people sustained minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=KYODO |title=13 hurt after M5.0 quake hits central Japan |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/09/5705cabdb7e0-11-hurt-after-m50-quake-in-central-japan.html |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=Kyodo News+}}</ref> | - |13 |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – NEAR COAST OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA – 2020-09-04 18:11:54 UTC |url=https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=890214 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=emsc-csem.org}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Maharashtra]] |4.0 |5.0 | - |At least one house collapsed and several others were damaged in Palghar district.<ref name="INDIA">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2020 |title=Erneut Erdbebenserie in Palghar: Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erneut-erdbebenserie-in-palghar-mehrere-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 40&nbsp;km NW of Ovalle, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000biqb/executive |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo]], 40&nbsp;km northwest of [[Ovalle]] |6.3 |30.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 104&nbsp;km NW of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250002/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, 104&nbsp;km northwest of [[Port Vila|Port-Vila]] |6.2 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250004/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.7 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 17&nbsp;km E of Talagutong, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250007/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Davao Region|Davao]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km east of [[Don Marcelino|Talagutong]] |6.3 |120.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 13&nbsp;km SSW of Āzādshahr, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bj2i/executive |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Golestan province|Golestan]], 13&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Azadshahr]] |5.3 |10.0 |VI |The quake caused damage to 50 houses in the region. At least 34 people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=34 injured in Iran earthquake |url=https://www.siasat.com/34-injured-in-iran-earthquake-1967632/ |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> | - |34 |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 72&nbsp;km NNE of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bj6y/executive |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, 72&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Port Vila|Port-Vila]] |6.2 |10.0 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.2 quake the day before. | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 188&nbsp;km SE of Sarangani, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bk82/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Talaud Islands]] offhsore, 188&nbsp;km southeast of [[Sarangani]], [[Filipin|Philippines]] |5.7 |17.0 |V |At least 27 homes and four religious buildings suffered minor damage, and some walls collapsed. Two people were injured by falling debris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |title=Starke Erdbebenserie im Norden von Indonesien: Zwei Verletzte |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/starke-erdbebenserie-im-norden-von-indonesien-zwei-verletzte/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 82&nbsp;km NNE of Tocopilla, Chile, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000blm2/executive |access-date=2020-09-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], 82&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Tocopilla]] |6.2 |51.0 |VII |Some houses were damaged, and one person was slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-11 |title=Más de una treintena de replicas se han registrado durante el día de hoy en cercanías de Quillagua |url=https://www.24horas.cl/regiones/antofagasta/mas-de-una-treintena-de-replicas-se-han-registrado-durante-el-dia-de-hoy-en-cercanias-de-quillagua-4446696 |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=24Horas.cl |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 58&nbsp;km SE of Ōfunato, Japan, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bm9m/executive |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] offshore, 58&nbsp;km southeast of [[Ōfunato]] |6.1 |34.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 76&nbsp;km NNE of Mamuju, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bmqx/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Sulawesi]], 76&nbsp;km northeast of [[Mamuju (city)|Mamuju]] |4.8 |25.6 | - |Some houses were destroyed, and several people were injured by falling debris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert West-Sulawesi: Mehrere Verletzte und zerstörte Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-west-sulawesi-mehrere-verletzte-und-zerstoerte-gebaeude/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |Several |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 21&nbsp;km WNW of Esso, Russia, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bnd1/executive |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kamchatka Krai|Kamchatka]], 21&nbsp;km west of [[Esso (village)|Esso]] |6.4 |344.0 |III | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 14&nbsp;km SSW of Kodari, Nepal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bnsh/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Nepal}}, [[Bagmati]], 14&nbsp;km southwest of [[Kodari]] |5.3 |10.0 |V |Several houses collapsed in the [[Kathmandu]] area, and one person was injured after fleeing in panic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert Nepal: Mindestens ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-nepal-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bq10/executive |access-date=2020-09-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.9 |10.0 |III | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 3&nbsp;km WSW of South El Monte, CA |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci38695658/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[California]], 3&nbsp;km southwest of [[South El Monte]] |4.5 |16.9 |VI |Some damage was observed in [[Los Angeles]], such as cracks in walls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert Los Angeles – Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-los-angeles-3/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 88&nbsp;km SSW of Serdar, Turkmenistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c1ix/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}, [[Balkan Province|Balkan]], 88&nbsp;km southwest of [[Serdar (city)|Serdar]] |5.2 |10.0 |III |Eighty homes were damaged and power outages occurred in Northern [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020 |title=Golestan: Erdbeben in Grenzregion beschädigt mindestens 80 Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-golestan-turkmenistan/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – south of Africa |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c1np/executive |access-date=2020-09-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |south of [[Afirka|Africa]] |6.1 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |} === Oktoba ===   [[Fayil:2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake_search_and_rescue_efforts.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Masu ceto suna bincika cikin rushewar wani ɗakin da ya rushe bayan girgizar kasa ta Aegean Sea ta 2020.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.4 – 3&nbsp;km NNE of Huarte-Uharte, Spain |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c3hi/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Navarre]], kilomita 3 arewa maso gabashin [[Huarte|Huarte-Uharte]]{{Flag|Spain}}&nbsp; |4.4 |10.0 |Na huɗu |Wasu gidaje sun sami ɗan lalacewa a Pamplona, kamar tsagewa a bangon ko fashewar windows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Andrea |date=2020-10-01 |title=Las imágenes más impactantes del extraño terremoto en Pamplona |url=https://www.esdiario.com/342200734/las-imagenes-mas-impactantes-del-extrano-terremoto-en-Pamplona.html |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=www.[[esdiario.com]] |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027211755/https://www.esdiario.com/342200734/las-imagenes-mas-impactantes-del-extrano-terremoto-en-Pamplona.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 39&nbsp;km NE of Pangai, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20275000/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Ha'apai bakin teku, kilomita 39 arewa maso gabashin [[Pangai]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.4 |28.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 100&nbsp;km WNW of Kandrian, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c3td/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West New Britain Province|Yammacin New Britain]], 100 km yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Kandrian]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |74.0 |V | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 40&nbsp;km ENE of Kainantu, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c6mu/executive |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Gabashin Highlands, kilomita 40 gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Kainantu]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.3 |106.0 |V | - | - | - |- |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 1&nbsp;km S of Artyshta, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c90v/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kemerovo Oblast]], 1 km kudu da [[Artyshta]]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |V |Wannan karamin girgizar kasa ya haifar da rushewar ma'adinai a Sheregesh. Masu hakar ma'adinai biyu sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=Russland: Zwei Verletzte bei Erdbeben in Kemerowo |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/10/russland-zwei-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-in-kemerowo/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.6, 99&nbsp;km SE of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c9hg/executive |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 99 kudu maso gabashin Sand Point{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |7.6 |28.4 |VII |  | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – south of the Fiji Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000cbx8/executive}}</ref> | a bakin teku, kudancin [[Fiji|Tsibirin Fiji]]{{Flag|Fiji}} |6.1 |454.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 72&nbsp;km SSW of Kawalu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000cctq/executive |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Java|Yammacin Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 72 kudu maso yammacin [[Kawalu]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.4 |43.0 |Na huɗu |Kimanin gidaje goma sun sami lalacewa, kuma mutane uku sun sami ƙananan raunuka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-25 |title=Puluhan Rumah Rusak, 3 Orang Luka Akibat Gempa Pangandaran |url=https://republika.co.id/share/qir9yf382 |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}</ref> | - |3 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 54&nbsp;km NNE of Mamuju, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c6e1/executive |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Sulawesi|Yammacin Sulawesi]] bakin teku, kilomita 54 arewa maso gabashin [[Mamuju Regency|Mamuju]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.4 |22.0 |Na shida |Gidaje daban-daban sun lalace a Mamuju Regency. An kashe wata mace mai ciki bayan ta fadi cikin tsoro a lokacin girgizar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Febriady |first=Abdy |title=Ibu Hamil di Mamuju Tewas Akibat Gempa M 5,3, Korban Terjatuh karena Panik |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5231859/ibu-hamil-di-mamuju-tewas-akibat-gempa-m-53-korban-terjatuh-karena-panik |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101093126/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5231859/ibu-hamil-di-mamuju-tewas-akibat-gempa-m-53-korban-terjatuh-karena-panik |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 8&nbsp;km NW of Tercan, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c6pg/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Erzincan Province|Erzincan]], kilomita 8 arewa maso yammacin [[Tercan]]{{Flag|Turkey}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 | - |Akalla gidaje 23 sun lalace a Çayırlı da Tercan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2020 |title=Erdbeben in der Türkei: 23 Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/10/erdbeben-in-der-tuerkei-23-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 13&nbsp;km NNE of Néon Karlovásion, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c7y0/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] bakin teku, kilomita 13 arewa maso gabashin [[Néon Karlovásion|Neon Karlovásion]]{{Flag|Greece}}&nbsp; |7.0 |21.0 |Na takwas <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kemal Onder Cetin |last2=George Mylonakis |last3=Anastasios Sextos |last4=Jonathan Paul Stewart |date=31 December 2020 |title=Seismological and Engineering Effects of the M 7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake |url=http://learningfromearthquakes.org/images/earthquakes/2020_Samos_Greece_Izmir_Turkey/Samos_Island_Earthquake_Final_Report.pdf |journal=Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association |volume=GEER-069 |doi=10.18118/G6H088 |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005044443/http://learningfromearthquakes.org/images/earthquakes/2020_Samos_Greece_Izmir_Turkey/Samos_Island_Earthquake_Final_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |  |119 |1,053 |} === Nuwamba ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 400px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 2&nbsp;km NE of Starigrad, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c8yb/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Zadar County|Zadar]], kilomita 2 arewa maso gabashin [[Starigrad, Zadar County|Starigrad]]{{Flag|Croatia}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |Na shida |Akwai lokuta biyu na rushewar bango a Vir. An kuma lura da rushewar ƙasa a Paklenica . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Kroatien – Epizentrum nahe Zadar – Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/starkes-erdbeben-in-kroatien-epizentrum-nahe-zadar/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Off the coast of Aisen, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c9jz/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[Aysén Region|Aysén]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Chile}} |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 83&nbsp;km NNE of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cbr2/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[Niuatoputapu]] bakin teku, kilomita 83 arewa maso gabashin [[Hihifo]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.2 |34.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 3.6 – 10&nbsp;km S of Bliss Corner, Massachusetts |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cc4d/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Massachusetts]], kilomita 10 kudu da Bliss Corner{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp;[[Bliss Corner, Massachusetts|Gidan farin ciki]] |3.6 |10.0 |V |An lura da ƙananan lalacewa, kamar tsagewa a cikin ganuwar da kuma rugujewar bututun wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=USA: Erdbeben erschüttert Neuengland-Staaten – Dutzende Häuser beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/usa-erdbeben-erschuettert-neuengland-staaten/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 291&nbsp;km WNW of Haveluloto, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cd6e/executive |website=USGS}}</ref> |, [[Lau Province|Lau]] bakin teku, kilomita 291 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Haveluloto]], [[Tonga]]{{Flag|Fiji}}&nbsp; |6.0 |417.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 5&nbsp;km S of Marihatag, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cfes/executive |access-date=2020-11-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Caraga]] a bakin teku, kilomita 5 a kudancin [[Marihatag]]{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp; |6.0 |43.0 |V |An lura da wasu ƙananan lalacewa a Caraga, kamar tsagewa a bangon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Alexander |title=Magnitude 6 tremor causes minor damage in Caraga |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1121947 |access-date=2020-11-16 |website=pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 222&nbsp;km SSW of Padang, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cfxq/executive |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Sumatra|Yammacin Sumatra]] a bakin teku, kilomita 222 kudu maso yammacin [[Padang]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 100&nbsp;km NW of Constitución, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000crcq/executive |website=USGS}}</ref> |, [[Maule Region|Maule]] bakin teku, kilomita 100 arewa maso yammacin Constitución{{Flag|Chile}}&nbsp;[[Constitución, Chile|Tsarin Mulki]] |6.1 |22.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 24&nbsp;km WSW of Azzaba, Algeria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000crds/executive |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Skikda Province|Skikda]], kilomita 24 yammacin kudu maso yammacin [[Azzaba, Algeria|Azzaba]]{{Flag|Algeria}}&nbsp; |5.1 |10.0 |Na shida |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a El Harrouch da Aïn Bouziane, gami da asibiti. Mutane da yawa sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Algérie : Les premiers dégâts du séisme de Skikda connus |url=https://www.observalgerie.com/algerie-les-premiers-degats-du-seisme-de-skikda-connus/2020/ |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=Observ'Algérie |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Algerien |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-algerien/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |Da yawa |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 33&nbsp;km E of Humahuaca, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ckx5/executive |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Salta Province|Salta]], kilomita 33 a gabashin [[Humahuaca]]{{Flag|Argentina}}&nbsp; |5.8 |8.0 |Na shida |Girgizar kasa ta haifar da rushewar duwatsu a wannan yankin dutse. A [[Caspalá]], gidaje daban-daban na ado sun lalace sosai, kuma wasu sun rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=mr3 |date=2020-11-29 |title=Un sismo de 5.9 de magnitud se sintió en Salta y Jujuy |url=https://radio3cadenapatagonia.com.ar/un-sismo-de-5-9-de-magnitud-se-sintio-en-salta-y-jujuy/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Radio 3 Cadena Patagonia |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impactantes imágenes de los daños que causó el sismo en Caspalá |url=https://www.somosjujuy.com.ar/jujuy/jujuy-ahora/213216-impactantes-imagenes-de-los-danos-que-causo-el-sismo-en-caspala |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=SOMOS JUJUY |language=es |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130142948/https://www.somosjujuy.com.ar/jujuy/jujuy-ahora/213216-impactantes-imagenes-de-los-danos-que-causo-el-sismo-en-caspala |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 88&nbsp;km SSE of Sovetskaya Gavan', Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clbu/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk]] bakin teku, kilomita 88 kudu maso gabashin [[Sovetskaya Gavan|Sovetskaya Gavan']]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |6.4 |589.0 |Na biyu | - | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 71&nbsp;km W of San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clbs/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Salta Province|Salta]], kilomita 71 yammacin [[San Antonio de los Cobres]]{{Flag|Argentina}}&nbsp; |6.3 |189.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |} === Disamba ===   [[Fayil:Poničená_staniční_budova.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Ginin tashar da ya lalace a [[Sisak]], [[Kroatiya|Croatia]].]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 280px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M_w</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clnv/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 46&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Nikolski, Alaska|Nikolski]] |6.4 |23.0 |VII | - | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km W of Árma, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cm2t/executive |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Greece}}, [[Thiva]], 2&nbsp;km west of [[Thiva|Árma]] |4.5 |10.0 |VI |A cemetery was completely destroyed in the village of Kallithea, while in the same village a displacement of 6&nbsp;cm was observed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ισχυρός σεισμός στην Θήβα-Ταρακούνησε και την Αττική |url=https://www.reporter.com.cy/greece/article/751736/ischyros-seismos-stin-thiba-tarakoynise-kai-tin-attiki |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=ΡΕΠΟΡΤΕΡ |archive-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119153331/https://www.reporter.com.cy/greece/article/751736/ischyros-seismos-stin-thiba-tarakoynise-kai-tin-attiki |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2020 |title=Μετατόπιση του εδάφους καταγράφηκε από τον σεισμό στην Θήβα – Έσπασαν ακόμη και τάφοι στο νεκροταφείο της περιοχής (video) |url=https://www.newsbreak.gr/ellada/151024/metatopisi-toy-edafoys-katagrafike-apo-ton-seismo-stin-thiva-espasan/ |access-date=2021-04-07 |language=el}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Balleny Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clt8/executive |access-date=2020-12-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Antarctica}} offshore, [[Balleny Islands]] region |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 45&nbsp;km WSW of Gazipa?a, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cnf1/executive |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Antalya Province|Antalya]] offshore, 45&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Gazipaşa]] |5.3 |84.5 |VI |One person was injured after he jumped out of a window due to panic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title=Strong earthquake in the Gulf of Antalya – one injured |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/starkes-erdbeben-im-golf-von-antalya/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 115&nbsp;km E of Iquique, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cnnz/executive |access-date=2020-12-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], 115&nbsp;km east of [[Iquique]] |6.1 |105.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 41&nbsp;km N of Kabansk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cpkf/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Buryatia]], 41&nbsp;km north of [[Kabansk]] |5.4 |17.0 |VI |More than twenty schools and social facilities suffered minor damage as a result of the earthquake. Cracks were also observed in several homes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Russland: Starkes Erdbeben am Baikalsee verursacht Schäden |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/russland-starkes-erdbeben-am-baikalsee-verursacht-schaeden/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 27&nbsp;km E of Yilan, Taiwan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cpqz/executive |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Yilan County, Taiwan|Yilan]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km east of [[Yilan City|Yilan]] |6.1 |71.0 |V | - | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – JAVA, INDONESIA – 2020-12-10 22:51:56 UTC |url=https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=928532 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=emsc-csem.org}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], 30&nbsp;km southeast of [[Cirebon Regency|Karangsembung]] |4.0 |10.0 | - |23 homes and two public buildings were damaged in Kuningan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2020 |title=Earthquake in Java damages dozens of buildings |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/erdbeben-auf-java-beschaedigt-dutzende-gebaeude-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 75&nbsp;km NNE of Calama, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cqyz/executive |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]], 75&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Calama, Chile|Calama]] |6.0 |114.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 25&nbsp;km S of Sarangani, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000crdx/executive |access-date=2020-12-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Davao Region|Davao]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km south of [[Sarangani]] |6.1 |14.0 |VI |Some houses sustained cracks in General Santos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No major damage recorded in GenSan after magnitude 6.2 quake |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124927 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 2&nbsp;km SSE of Quequeña, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000crmx/executive |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]], 2&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Quequeña District|Quequeña]] |5.6 |90.4 |V |Various buildings were damaged in Arequipa province. Rockslides were also observed, blocking roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turpo |first=Jorge |date=2020-12-16 |title=Arequipa: sismo de magnitud 5.5 causó daños en viviendas, centros comerciales y carreteras |url=https://rpp.pe/peru/arequipa/sismo-en-arequipa-danos-en-viviendas-centros-comerciales-locales-municipales-y-derrumbes-en-vias-provoco-movimiento-de-magnitud-55-noticia-1310239 |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=RPP |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 100&nbsp;km ENE of Hachinohe, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000csqe/executive |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]] offshore, 100&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Hachinohe]] |6.3 |35.0 |V |One person was injured in Aomori.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2020 |title=Japan: Schweres Erdbeben im Norden von Honshu – Ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/japan-schweres-erdbeben-im-norden-von-honshu/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 7&nbsp;km NNW of Scoglitti, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d1yt/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Italy}}, [[Sisiliya|Sicily]], 7&nbsp;km northwest of [[Scoglitti]] |4.5 |23.0 |V |Several buildings were damaged in Ragusa, including a multi-storey residential building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=Kräftiges Erdbeben auf Sizilien |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/kraeftiges-erdbeben-auf-sizilien/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 90&nbsp;km SW of Angaur State, Palau |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d29t/executive |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Palau}}, offshore, 90&nbsp;km southwest of [[Angaur|Angaur State]] |6.1 |11.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 2&nbsp;km ESE of Calatagan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d2ra/executive |access-date=2020-12-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Calabarzon]], 2&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Calatagan]] |6.3 |109.0 |VI |Four (three in Lubang and one in Mariveles) houses were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnitude 6.3 quake rocks Calatagan, Batangas; shaking felt in parts of Metro Manila |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/25/Calatagan-earthquake.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215144440/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/25/Calatagan-earthquake.html |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date=2021-12-15 |publisher=CNNPhilippines |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2020 |title=Strong earthquakes in the north of the Philippines |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/starke-erdbeben-im-norden-der-philippinen/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 7&nbsp;km WNW of Sivrice, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3dd/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]], 7&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Sivrice, Elazığ|Sivrice]] |5.5 |9.0 |VII |It was an aftershock of the 2020 Elazığ earthquake. Some damage was caused, and 68 people were injured, two of them seriously after jumping from windows in a panic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DEPREMDE 68 KİŞİ HASTANELERE BAŞVURDU |url=https://www.elazighaberkent.com/haber/28581/depremde-68-kisi-hastanelere-basvurdu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227154151/https://elazighaberkent.com/haber/28581/depremde-68-kisi-hastanelere-basvurdu.html |archive-date=2020-12-27 |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=HaberSite |language=tr}}</ref> | - |68 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 25&nbsp;km SSE of Atiquipa, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3dr/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Atiquipa District|Atiquipa]] |5.7 |39.0 |V |Some houses were seriously damaged in Caraveli district, and eight of them had to be evacuated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LR |first=Redacción |date=2020-12-27 |title=Arequipa: sismo dejó viviendas dañadas e inhabitables en Caravelí |url=https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2020/12/27/arequipa-sismo-dejo-viviendas-danadas-e-inhabitables-en-caraveli-lrsd/ |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=larepublica.pe |language=es-PE}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – 146&nbsp;km WNW of Corral, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3i9/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Los Ríos Region|Los Ríos]] offshore, 141&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Corral, Chile|Corral]] |6.7 |10.0 |V |A tsunami was observed with heights of {{Convert|0.16|m|ft}} in Bahía Mansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: VALDIVA, CHILE |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5760 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 8&nbsp;km W of Petrinja, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3kv/executive |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Sisak-Moslavina County|Sisak-Moslavina]], 8&nbsp;km west of [[Petrinja]] |4.8 |10.0 |VI |It was a foreshock of the 6.4 quake the day after. Various buildings were damaged in Petrinja, Glina and [[Sisak]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2020 |title=5.2 Magnitude Earthquake Rocks Central Croatia Monday Morning |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/news/49158-earthquake-rocks-zagreb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228081704/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/news/49158-earthquake-rocks-zagreb |archive-date=28 December 2020 |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=total-croatia-news}}</ref> | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 2&nbsp;km WSW of Petrinja, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3zh/executive |access-date=29 December 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Sisak-Moslavina County|Sisak-Moslavina]], 2&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Petrinja]] |6.4 |10.0 |IX |  |9 |25 |- |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c1mk7z0sk45a9lhjo3azrnigvfis1rw 0 113385 891864 889626 2026-08-06T05:27:48Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Cape_Town_water_crisis_graph.svg|right|thumb|400x400px|Hotunan jimlar ruwan da aka adana a cikin manyan madatsun ruwa shida na Western Cape (blue) da kuma matakin hana ruwa na birnin Cape Town (orange) daga Nuwamba 2013 zuwa Agusta 2021.]] '''Rikicin ruwan Cape Town''' a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ya kasance shekaru da yawa a cikin 2015-2020 na karancin ruwa a yankin Western Cape, wanda ya fi shafar birnin Cape Town . Matsakaicin ruwan madatsar ruwan ya fara raguwa a shekarar 2015 kuma matsalar ruwan Cape Town ta kai kololuwa a tsakiyar shekarar 2017 zuwa tsakiyar 2018 lokacin da ruwan ya kai tsakanin kashi 14 zuwa 29 na yawan karfin madatsar ruwa. A ƙarshen 2017, an fara ambaton tsare-tsare na "Ranar Zero", taƙaitaccen bayani game da ranar da matakin ruwa na manyan madatsun ruwa da ke samar da Birni zai iya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 13.5. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cassim |first=Zaheer |date=19 January 2018 |title=Cape Town could be the first major city in the world to run out of water |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/01/19/cape-town-could-first-major-city-run-out-water/1047237001/ |website=USA Today}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poplak |first=Richard |date=15 February 2018 |title=What's Actually Behind Cape Town's Water Crisis |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/02/cape-town-water-crisis/553076/ |access-date=22 February 2018 |website=The Atlantic}}</ref> <ref name="globe">{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=8 March 2018 |title=Cape Town residents become 'guinea pigs for the world' with water-conservation campaign |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/cape-town-residents-become-guinea-pigs-for-the-world-with-water-conservationcampaign/article38257004/ |website=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> "Day Zero" ya zama lokaci don nuna farkon matakan hana ruwa na Mataki na 7, lokacin da za a kashe kayan ruwa na birni da yawa kuma ana tunanin cewa mazauna za su iya yin layi don rabon ruwa na yau da kullun. Idan da hakan ta faru, da hakan zai sanya birnin Cape Town ya zama babban birni na farko a duniya da ya kaure da karancin ruwan sha a cikin kananan hukumomin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Day Zero, when is it, what is it and how can we avoid it |url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Day%20Zero%20when%20is%20it,%20what%20is%20it,%20and%20how%20can%20we%20avoid%20it |website=City of Cape Town}}</ref> Rikicin ruwa na Cape Town ya faru a daidai lokacin da fari na Gabashin Cape, wanda ke cikin wani yanki na daban a kusa. Birnin Cape Town ya aiwatar da tsauraran matakan hana ruwa a wani yunkuri na dakile amfani da ruwa, wanda ya rage yawan ruwan da yake amfani da shi na yau da kullum da fiye da rabi zuwa kusan lita miliyan 500 (130,000,000 US gal) a kowace rana a cikin Maris 2018. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Narrandes |first=Nidha |date=14 March 2018 |title=Cape Town water usage lower than ever |url=http://www.capetownetc.com/water-crisis/water-usage-further-reduced-in-cape-town/ |publisher=Cape Town etc.}}</ref> Faduwar amfani da ruwa ya sa birnin ya jinkirta kiyasin "Ranar Zero", kuma ruwan sama mai karfi ya fara farfadowa a watan Yuni 1. A cikin watan Satumba na 2018, tare da matakan dam kusa da kashi 70, birnin ya fara sauƙaƙe ƙuntatawa na ruwa, wanda ke nuna cewa mafi munin matsalar ruwa ya ƙare. <ref name="reduce-sep2018">{{Cite web |last=Pitt |first=Christina |date=10 September 2018 |title=City of Cape Town relaxes water restrictions, tariffs to Level 5 |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/city-of-cape-town-relaxes-water-restrictions-tariffs-to-level-5-20180910 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212034631/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-relaxes-water-restrictions-tariffs-to-level-5-20180910 |archive-date=12 December 2018 |access-date=10 September 2018 |website=News24 |publisher=}}</ref> Ruwan sama mai kyau a cikin 2020 yadda ya kamata ya karya fari kuma ya haifar da karancin ruwa lokacin da matakan madatsar ruwa ya kai kashi 95 cikin dari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=After the drought: Cape Town's gushing water |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/after-drought-cape-towns-gushing-water/ |access-date=2020-09-11 |website=[[GroundUp News]] |language=en}}</ref> == Fage == [[Fayil:Cape_Water_map_dams.png|thumb|274x274px|Taswirar manyan madatsun ruwa da ke samar da ruwa zuwa Cape Town]] Yankin Cape Town yana fuskantar yanayi na Bahar Rum tare da dumi, bushewar lokacin rani da ruwan sama na hunturu. Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Yammacin Cape ya dogara kusan gaba ɗaya akan ruwan sama, wanda ake kamawa kuma ana adana shi a cikin manyan madatsun ruwa guda shida da ke cikin wuraren tsaunuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Welz |first=Adam |date=1 March 2018 |title=Awaiting Day Zero: Cape Town Faces an Uncertain Water Future |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/awaiting-day-zero-cape-town-faces-an-uncertain-water-future |publisher=Yale Environment 360}}</ref> Ana yin cajin madatsun ruwa ne ta hanyar ruwan sama da ke faɗowa a yankunan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, galibi a lokacin sanyi na watanni na Mayu zuwa Agusta, kuma matakan dam ɗin suna raguwa a lokacin rani na watanni na Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu inda amfani da ruwa na birane ke ƙaruwa kuma ana samun ban ruwa a yankunan noma. Amfani da birane da aikin gona yana cinye kusan kashi 70 da kashi 30 bisa 100 na jimillar ruwan da tsarin samar da ruwan sha na Western Cape ke bayarwa, tare da sauye-sauye na yanayi. A cikin zamanin bayan [[Apartheid|wariyar launin fata]], kuma a ƙarƙashin tsarin Tsarin [[Samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu|Ruwa na Kyauta na Kyauta]], Birnin Cape Town ya karɓi tsarin haɓaka tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito don farashin ruwa, wanda aka azabtar da mafi girma masu amfani da ruwa tare da mafi girman jadawalin kuɗin fito don hana amfani, yayin da aka saita jadawalin farko block a (kusa) sifili don tabbatar da samun daidaiton ruwa zuwa kowane matakin asali na Afirka ta Kudu. Magidanta masu rahusa masu rijista a Cape Town tare da haɗin kai tsaye da ruwa da tsafta suna karɓar lita 6 000 na farko a kowane wata na ruwa kyauta, kuma ana cajin kuɗin fito ne kawai don cinyewa sama da adadin. <ref name=":92">{{Cite web |title=Water and sanitation services and costs in formal housing |url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/Residential-utility-services/Residential-water-and-sanitation-services/Water-and-sanitation-services-and-costs-for-formal-housing |website=City of Cape Town}}</ref> Magidanta a ƙauyuka na yau da kullun ana ba da ruwa daga famfun jama'a da kuma amfani da bandakunan jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Water and sanitation services in informal housing |url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/Family+and+home/Residential-utility-services/Residential-water-and-sanitation-services/Water-and-sanitation-services-in-informal-settlements |website=City of Cape Town }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ga manoman da ke samun ruwa daga Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape, ana duba su da allunan ban ruwa da ƙungiyoyi masu amfani da ruwa. Manoman da yawa kuma suna shiga tsarin rarraba ban ruwa (daga takamaiman kwararar kogi), kuma suna da madatsun ruwa masu zaman kansu da [[Rijiyar burtsatse|rijiyoyin burtsatse]] . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Water File |url=http://www.wwf.org.za/water/?25441/Agricultural-water-file-Farming-for-a-drier-future |website=Worldwide Fund for Nature}}</ref> Birnin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba sa samun riba a kan siyar da ruwa, kuma manufofin farashin ruwa na ƙoƙarin daidaita daidaito, daidaito da buƙatun dawo da farashi. Zamanin ƙarancin ruwan sama na hunturu a 2000-2001 da 2003-2004 ya haifar da hana ruwa. <ref name="WCDM">{{Cite web |last=Basholo |first=Zolile |date=4 February 2016 |title=Overview of Water Demand Management Initiatives: A City of Cape Town Approach |url=https://www.greencape.co.za/assets/Water-Sector-Desk-Content/CoCT-WCWDM-presentation-Z-Basholo-Western-Cape-Water-Forum-160204-2016.pdf |publisher=City of Cape Town}}</ref> A cikin 2003, Birnin ya shiga yarjejeniya tare da Sashen Ruwa da Dazuzzuka na lokacin don gina madatsar ruwa ta Berg da Tsarin kari sannan kuma ta fara kula da bukatar ruwa. A shekarar 2009, an karu da karfin ajiyar madatsun ruwa da ke samar da Cape Town da kashi 17 cikin 100 daga 768 zuwa miliyan 898 cubic meters lokacin da aka kammala aikin madatsar ruwan Berg da kuma shirin samar da kayayyaki. <ref name="Cape Town">{{Cite web |date=17 March 2009 |title=Cape Town's water supply boosted |url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CapeTownsWaterSupplyBoosted.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102756/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CapeTownsWaterSupplyBoosted.aspx |archive-date=27 March 2009 |publisher=City of Cape Town}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Birnin Cape Town ya sami babbar lambar yabo ta ƙasa da ƙasa tare da sanin ƙoƙarinsu na Kula da Ruwa da Buƙatun Ruwa (WCWDM). Cape Town ya yi nasara musamman wajen rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar yoyon fitsari, inda aka samu asarar ruwa da kashi 14 cikin dari, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin kashi 35 cikin dari na kasa. Dokokin sun kuma fayyace cewa ya kamata a samar da ingantattun kayan aikin ruwa da Ofishin Ma'auni na Afirka ta Kudu ya amince da shi don duk sabbin ci gaba da gyare-gyare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=C40 Cities Awards 2015 |url=https://www.c40.org/awards/2015-awards/profiles |access-date=2025-08-12 |archive-date=2021-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923092342/https://www.c40.org/awards/2015-awards/profiles |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jeron Lokaci == {| class="wikitable" align="cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em; text-align:center; font-size:95%" <tr> <th colspan="10" style="background:#ccccff">Matakan ruwa a matsayin kashi na jimillar ƙarfin madatsun ruwa ta shekara.<ref name="GUwater">{{Cite web|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/whats-causing-cape-towns-water-crisis/|title=What's causing Cape Town's water crisis?|last=Bohatch|first=Trevor|date=16 May 2017|publisher=Ground Up|location=Cape Town|language=en|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref></th> </tr> |- ! Manyan madatsun ruwa ! Ƙarfi (megalitres) ! 17 Mayu 2021<ref name="dashboard2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Family%20and%20home/residential-utility-services/residential-water-and-sanitation-services/this-weeks-dam-levels|title=City of Cape Town: Dam Levels|date=18 May 2021|publisher=City of Cape Town|access-date=18 May 2021}}</ref>!!18 Mayu 2020<ref name="dashboard2020">{{cite web|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf|title=City of Cape Town: Water Dashboard|date=18 May 2020|publisher=City of Cape Town|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref>!! 13 Mayu 2019<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/damlevels.pdf|title=City of Cape Town: Water Dashboard|date=13 May 2019|publisher=City of Cape Town|access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref>!! 14 Mayu 2018<ref name="dashboard-14may2018">{{cite web|url=http://coct.co/water-dashboard/?ca_source=Website&ca_medium=affiliate&ca_campaign=Home%20page%20trends%20-%20Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_term=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_content=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard|title=Water Dashboard|date=Mar 2019|website=City of Cape Town|access-date=17 May 2018|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207180447/http://coct.co/water-dashboard/?ca_source=Website&ca_medium=affiliate&ca_campaign=Home%20page%20trends%20-%20Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_term=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard&ca_content=Day%20Zero%20Dashboard|url-status=dead}}</ref>!! 15 Mayu 2017 !! 15 Mayu 2016 !! 15 Mayu 2015 !! 15 Mayu 2014 |- |Madatsar Ruwa ta Berg River|| 130,010 |76.1||65.6||68.1|| 39.2|| 32.4|| 27.2|| 54.0|| 90.5 |- |Steenbras Lower|| 33,517 |58.0||48.4||38.6|| 35.4|| 26.5|| 37.6|| 47.9|| 39.6 |- |Steenbras Upper|| 31,767 |54.2||96.5||65.0|| 59.6|| 56.7|| 56.9|| 57.8|| 79.1 |- |Madatsar Ruwa ta Theewaterskloof|| 480,188 |75.2||50.2||36.1|| 12.0|| 15.0|| 31.3|| 51.3|| 74.5 |- |Madatsar Ruwa ta Voelvlei|| 164,095 |58.3||50.4||55.4|| 14.5|| 17.2|| 21.3|| 42.5|| 59.5 |- |Madatsar Ruwa ta Wemmershoek|| 58,644 |59.1||43.3||43.6|| 48.4|| 36.0|| 48.5|| 50.5|| 58.8 |- | Jimillar da aka ajiye (megalitres) || 898,221 |626,907||481,370||411,849|| 191,843|| 190,300|| 279,954|| 450,429 || 646,137 |- |'''Jimillar % na Ma'ajiya'''||100 |'''69.8'''||'''53.6'''||'''45.9'''||'''21.4'''||'''21.2'''||'''31.2'''||'''50.1'''||'''71.9''' |} ===2015–2016=== Bayan samun kyakkyawan ruwan sama a shekarun 2013 da 2014, Birnin Cape Town ya fara fuskantar fari a shekarar 2015, wanda shi ne na farko cikin shekaru uku a jere na lokutan sanyi marasa ruwa da suka auku, mai yiwuwa sanadiyyar tsarin yanayi na El Niño ko kuma canjin yanayi.<ref name="AfricaC">{{Cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/2016/02/03/frequently-asked-questions-about-south-africas-drought|title=Frequently asked questions about South Africa's drought|date=3 February 2016|publisher=Africa Check|language=en|location=Cape Town|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> Matakan ruwa a madatsun ruwan Birnin sun ragu daga kashi 71.9 cikin dari a shekarar 2014 zuwa kashi 50.1 cikin dari a shekarar 2015.<ref name="GUwater" /> A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2016, hukumar Birnin ta ɗaukaka tsoffin takunkumin amfani da ruwa na Mataki na 1 (Level 1) tun na shekarar 2005 zuwa Mataki na 2 (Level 2), kuma a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2016 ta sake ɗaukaka shi zuwa Mataki na 3 (Level 3), lokacin da Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli ta wallafa takunkumin amfani da ruwa na hukuma don birane da aikin gona. Kuma babban farin da ya shafi sauran sassan Afirka ta Kudu ya ƙare a watan Agusta 2016 lokacin da aka sami babban ruwan sama da ambaliyar ruwa a cikin ƙasar,<ref name="encarain">{{Cite web|url=http://www.enca.com/africa/southern-africa-faces-floods-after-drought|title=Southern Africa faces floods after drought|last=Masinde|first=Muthoni|date=18 August 2016|access-date=2017-06-01|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101190233/https://www.enca.com/africa/southern-africa-faces-floods-after-drought|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma farin na lardin Western Cape ya ci gaba da wanzuwa. ===2017=== Birnin ya ƙara tsananta takunkumin amfani da ruwa zuwa Mataki na 3B a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2017, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin rani a watan Mayu 2017, an ayyana farin a matsayin mafi muni da Birnin ya taɓa fuskanta a cikin ƙarni guda, inda ruwan da ke cikin madatsun ruwa ya kasance ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin dari na ƙarfin amfaninsu.<ref name="cnn2017">{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/31/africa/cape-town-drought/index.html|title=Cape Town contends with worst drought in over a century|last=Van Dam|first=Derek|website=CNN.com|publisher=CNN|date=31 May 2017|access-date=2017-06-01}}</ref> An sanya takunkumin amfani da ruwa na Mataki na 4 a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2017, wanda ya iyakance amfani da ruwa zuwa lita 100 kacal ga kowane mutum a rana ɗaya.<ref name="level4">{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-approves-level-4-water-restrictions-20170531|title=City of Cape Town approves Level 4 water restrictions|last=Etheridge|first=Jenna|date=31 May 2017|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429230521/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/city-of-cape-town-approves-level-4-water-restrictions-20170531|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jimillar ruwan sama da aka samu a shekarar 2017 ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta tun lokacin da aka fara riƙe bayanan ruwan sama a shekarar 1933.<ref name="csag">{{cite web|url=https://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2017-08-31-how-severe-is-the-droughta|title=How severe is the drought?|last=Wolski|first=Piotr|date=Aug 2017|website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Yayin da lokacin zafi mai bushewa ke gabatowa, Birnin ya ƙara tsananta takunkumin ruwa na yanzu zuwa Mataki na 4B a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2017, sannan zuwa Mataki na 5 a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2017, inda aka haramta amfani da ruwa a waje da kuma ayyukan da ba su da muhimmanci sosai, tare da ƙarfafa amfani da ruwan wanka/wanki (grey water) don zubarwa a bayan gida, kuma aka yi niyyar iyakance yawan amfanin ruwa na kowane mutum zuwa lita 87 a rana, don jimillar amfani da lita miliyan 500 a rana gaba ɗaya birnin.<ref name="Outlook 2018" /> Sai dai kuma, sanya takunkumin Mataki na 5 ya zo tare da sanarwa mai rikitarwa game da iyakokin amfani da ruwa na gidaje, wanda hakan ya haifar da akasin haka ta hanyar ƙara yawan amfani da ruwa ga wasu mutane.<ref name = "Booysen" /> [[File:Behavioural response to messaging on the drought. .png|thumb|Martanin halayyar mutane game da saƙonni kan fari na Day Zero<ref name="Booysen"/> ]] A farkon watan Oktoba 2017, biyo bayan lokacin sanyi mai ƙarancin ruwan sama, an kiyasta cewa Cape Town tana da kusan watanni biyar na ajiyar ruwa kafin matakan ruwan su ƙare sarai.<ref name="Outlook 2018" /> A cikin wannan watan ne kuma, Hukumar Birnin Cape Town ta fitar da shirin gaggawa na ruwa wanda za a aiwatar da shi a matakai daban-daban dangane da tsananin ƙarancin ruwan. Mataki na 1 (Phase 1) wanda ya ƙunshi "rabon ruwa ta hanyar rage ƙarfin matsin ruwa na madatsun ruwa sosai" an aiwatar da shi nan da nan. A Mataki na 2 (Phase 2), bayan "Day Zero", za a kashe ruwa ga yawancin tsarin samar da ruwa in ban da wuraren da ke da muhimmancin gaske na samun ruwa. Mataki na 3 (Phase 3) zai kasance lokacin da Birnin ba zai iya sake jan ruwa daga madatsun ruwa na saman ƙasa a Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape ba, kuma za a sami ɗan ƙaramin lokaci kafin tsarin samar da ruwa gaba ɗaya ya gaza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Critical%20Water%20Shortages%20Disaster%20Plan%20Summary.pdf|title=Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan Summary|last=Bosman|first=Richard|date=October 2017|website=City of Cape Town|access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-04-op-ed-the-city-of-cape-towns-critical-water-shortages-disaster-plan/#.WfwyhGiCyUl|title=Op-Ed: The City of Cape Town's Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan {{!}} Daily Maverick|last=De Lille|first=Patricia|date=4 October 2017|website=www.dailymaverick.co.za|publisher=City of Cape Town|language=en|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Day%20Zero%20FAQs.pdf|title=Day Zero FAQs|date=5 April 2018|website=City of Cape Town|access-date=19 July 2018|archive-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719203400/http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Day%20Zero%20FAQs.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===2018=== [[File:Theewaterskloof Dam 2018 02 10 (28425520089).jpg|thumb|right|Madatsar Ruwa ta Theewaterskloof tana kusan kashi 12% a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2018]] A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2018, Birnin ya ayyana takunkumin ruwa na Mataki na 6 na lita 87 ga kowane mutum a rana guda. A watan Fabrairu 2018, Birnin ya ƙara tsananta takunkumin zuwa Mataki na 6B inda ya iyakance amfani da ruwa zuwa lita 50 kacal ga kowane mutum a rana ɗaya.<ref name="Outlook 2018" /> Majalisar zartarwa ta lardin ta kuma sanar da cewa tana tsara tsare-tsare tare da Hukumar 'Yansandan Afirka ta Kudu don dabarun tura jami'ai a wuraren rarraba ruwa a duk faɗin Birnin bayan "Day Zero".<ref name="Jan24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-01-24-government-must-refund-cape-town-for-cost-of-managing-the-water-crisis/|title=Government must refund Cape Town for cost of managing the water crisis|date=24 January 2018|website=Business Day}}</ref> [[File:Theewaterskloof sandscape 2018-03-11.jpg|thumb|Babban ma'ajiyar ruwa ta Cape Town, Theewaterskloof, ta kasance a kashi 11% na ƙarfinta a watan Maris 2018]] A tsakiyar watan Janairu 2018, tsohuwar magajiyar garin Cape Town Patricia de Lille ta sanar da cewa Birnin zai tilas ya kashe mafi yawan hanyoyin samar da ruwa na gundumomi idan yanayi bai canza ba. Za a ayyana takunkumin ruwa na Mataki na 7, wato "Day Zero", lokacin da matakin ruwa na manyan madatsun ruwa da ke samar da ruwa ga Birnin ya kai kashi 13.5 cikin dari. Za a kashe mafi yawan famfunan ruwa na birni, kuma mazauna gari za su dogara ne da wuraren karɓar ruwa guda 149 a kewayen Birnin don karɓar rabon ruwa na yau da kullun na lita 25 ga kowane mutum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Analysis/jp-smith-answers-day-zero-questions-its-going-to-be-really-unpleasant-20180126|title=JP Smith answers Day Zero questions: 'It's going to be really unpleasant'|last1=Harrison|first1=Aletta|last2=Janse van Rensburg|first2=Alet|date=26 January 2018|publisher=News24|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216222015/https://www.news24.com/Analysis/jp-smith-answers-day-zero-questions-its-going-to-be-really-unpleasant-20180126|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/borehole-rules-can-you-use-sea-water-to-flush-the-city-answers-your-questions-20180130|title=Borehole rules? Can you use sea water to flush? – The City of Cape Town answers your questions|date=30 January 2018|publisher=GroundUp|access-date=30 January 2018|archive-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913113205/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/borehole-rules-can-you-use-sea-water-to-flush-the-city-answers-your-questions-20180130|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan zai ƙara shafar tattalin arzikin Cape Town, domin ma'aikata za su buƙaci ɗaukar hutu daga wuraren aiki don yin layi jiran ruwa.<ref name="In Trouble">{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/cape-town-south-africa-water-crisis/|title='I Knew We Were in Trouble.' What It's Like to Live Through Cape Town's Massive Water Crisis|magazine=Time|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2018-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401192913/http://time.com/cape-town-south-africa-water-crisis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Za a ci gaba da samar da ruwa a tsakiyar yankin kasuwanci na Birnin (CBD), da kuma matsugunai na wucin gadi (inda dama tuni ake karɓar ruwa daga tsakiyar wurare) da kuma muhimman ayyuka kamar asibitoci. A lokacin da aka yi sanarwar, an kiyasta cewa "Day Zero" zai kasance a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 2018, amma jim kaɗan bayan haka aka sake duba shi zuwa 12 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5103259/cape-town-water-crisis/|title=Cape Town Is 90 Days Away From Running Out of Water|last=Baker|first=Aryn|date=15 January 2018|magazine=Time|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/drought-stricken-cape-town-south-africa-run-water/story?id=52402170|title=Drought-stricken Cape Town, South Africa, could run out of water by April's 'day zero'|last=Thom|first=Liezl|date=17 January 2018|work=ABC News|access-date=19 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ewn.co.za/2018/01/23/day-zero-brought-forward-ct-officials-prepare-for-worst|title=Day Zero Brought Forward, CT Officials Prepare for Worst|last=Brandt|first=Kevin|date=23 January 2018}}</ref> Kiyasin "Day Zero" ya ginu ne bisa canje-canje na mako biyu a matakan ajiyar madatsun ruwa, tare da zaton cewa ƙarancin zai ci gaba ba tare da sauyi ba, ba tare da ƙarin ruwan sama ko canji a buƙatar ruwa ba.<ref name="neilson20Feb">{{cite news|url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Defeating%20Day%20Zero%20is%20in%20sight%20if%20we%20sustain%20our%20water-saving%20efforts|title=Statement by the City's Executive Mayor, Alderman Ian Neilson: Defeating Day Zero is in sight if we sustain our water-saving efforts|last=Neilson|first=Ian|date=20 February 2018|publisher=City of Cape Town}}</ref> Amfani da ruwa na gidaje da na aikin gona ya ragu sosai ƙarƙashin sabbin takunkumin.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="dashboard-14may2018" /> Wannan ya bai wa Birnin damar tura kiyasin "Day Zero" baya a matakai daban-daban, kuma a ranar 28 ga Yuni aka jinkirta "Day Zero" har zuwa wani lokaci da ba a bayyana ba.<ref name="globe" /><ref name="neilson20Feb" /><ref name="Zero Delayed">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/05/africa/cape-town-day-zero-intl/index.html|title=Cape Town 'Day Zero' delayed as agricultural water use drops|last=Said-Moorhouse|first=Lauren|date=5 February 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/south-africa-day-pushed-june-180215094221289.html|title=South Africa: Day Zero pushed back to June|website=aljazeera.com|date=2018-02-15|access-date=2018-02-16}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/02/01/africa/cape-town-water-crisis-intl/index.html|title=Cape Town cuts water use limit by nearly half|last1=Said-Moorhouse|first1=Lauren|date=1 February 2018|publisher=CNN|access-date=2018-02-03|last2=Mezzofiore|first2=Gianluca}}</ref> Kyakkyawan ruwan sama na lokacin sanyi a shekarar 2018 ya haifar da hauhawar matakan madatsun ruwa, sai dai Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli ta ƙasa ta sanar da cewa takunkumin ruwa na baki ɗaya zai ci gaba da kasancewa har sai matakan ruwan sun kai kashi 85 cikin dari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/western-cape-edges-closer-to-an-end-to-the-drought-as-dam-levels-continue-to-rise-20180712|title=Western Cape edges closer to an end to the drought as dam levels continue to rise|date=12 July 2018|publisher=News24|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=13 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713202149/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/western-cape-edges-closer-to-an-end-to-the-drought-as-dam-levels-continue-to-rise-20180712|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Satumba, tare da matakan madatsun ruwa kusa da kashi 70 cikin dari zuwa ƙarshen lokacin damina, birnin ya rage takunkumin amfani da ruwa na masu amfani daga mataki na 6B zuwa mataki na 5.<ref name="reduce-sep2018"/> Matakan madatsun ruwa sun kai kololuwa a kashi 76 cikin dari. A watan Nuwamba, an rage takunkumin zuwa Mataki na 3, ko lita 105 ga kowane mutum a rana guda. Ƙarƙashin takunkumin Mataki na 3, ana iya amfani da ruwan famfo na birni don shayar da lambuna a takaitattun lokuta, ta amfani da rariyar shayarwa ko boka amma ba bututun roba (hose) ba, don wanke motoci ta amfani da boka, da kuma cika wuraren ninkaya muddin wurin ninkayar yana sanye da murfi don hana daskarewa ko kafeewar ruwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures%2C%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Level%203%20water%20restrictions%20FAQs.pdf|title=Level 3 Water Restrictions (2018)|date=30 November 2018|publisher=City of Cape Town|access-date=29 November 2018|archive-date=29 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129184323/http://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures%2C%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Level%203%20water%20restrictions%20FAQs.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Dalilai == === Fari mai tsanani === Sanadin faruwar matsalar ruwan kai-tsaye shi ne fari mai tsanani da ya auku daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2017 wanda ya wuce ƙa'idodin tsare-tsare na Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli. Bincike kan bayanan yanayi na dogon lokaci da Ƙungiyar Nazarin Tsarin Yanayi (Climate System Analysis Group) ta gudanar a Jami'ar Cape Town ya tabbatar da cewa ƙarancin ruwan sama tsakanin shekarun 2015 da 2017 ya kasance babban al'amari mai wuyar gaske kuma mai tsananin gaske.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.csag.uct.ac.za/2018/01/22/facts-are-few-opinions-plenty-on-drought-severity-again/|title=Facts are few, opinions plenty… on drought severity again|website=www.csag.uct.ac.za|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref> Ragewar yanayin ruwan sama yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauye masu faɗi a cikin zirga-zirgar sararin samaniya da na teku, gami da sauyin alkibla zuwa kusa da pole na hanyoyin raba ruwan sanyi na Kudancin Hemisphere tsakanin 2015–17, sauyin jet-stream da haɓakar matsin lamba na South Atlantic High.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sousa|first1=Pedro M.|last2=Blamey|first2=R.|last3=Reason|first3=C.J.C.|last4=Ramos|first4=A.M.|last5=Trigo|first5=R.M.|date=2018|title=The 'Day Zero' Cape Town drought and the poleward migration of moisture corridors|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=13|issue=12|pages=124025|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aaebc7|doi-access=free}}</ref> Shekarar 2017 ita shekara mafi bushewa tun daga shekarar 1933, kuma mai yiwuwa ma kafin hakan, tunda babu bayanan kwatankwacin hakan kafin 1933. An kuma gano cewa fari mai tsananin haka a ƙididdigance zai iya aukuwa sau ɗaya kacal a kowace shekara 300.<ref name="csag" /> === Gudanar da buƙatu da samar da ruwa na dogon lokaci === Yawan jama'ar Birnin Cape Town ya ƙaru daga mazauna miliyan 2.4 a shekarar 1995 zuwa kiyasin mutane miliyan 4.1 a shekarar 2015, wanda ke nuna haɓakar kashi 71 cikin dari na jama'a a cikin shekaru 20, yayin da ajiyar ruwan madatsun ruwa ya ƙaru da kashi 17 cikin dari kacal a daidai wannan lokacin.<ref name="GUwater" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cape-town-population/|title=Cape Town Population 2019|website=World Population Review}}</ref> Tasirin ƙaruwar jama'a akan buƙatar ruwa masana galibi suna rage masa daraja, tunda hasashen yakan gaza yin lissafin cikakken amfani da ruwa na mutum na kaidin fakaici ta hanyar samar da abinci da kayayyakin masarufi.<ref>Schutte, C. F., & Pretorius, W. A. (1997). Water demand and population growth. ''WATER SA-PRETORIA-'', ''23'', 127–134.</ref> A shekarar 2007, Ma'aikatar Al'amuran Ruwa da Gandun Daji ta yi hasashen cewa ci gaban buƙata akan Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape zai wuce iyakar abin da ake samarwa idan ba a aiwatar da matakan kiyaye ruwa da gudanar da buƙatun ruwa ba ta hannun Birnin da sauran hukumomin gundumomi.<ref name="WCWRSNewsletterMarch09">{{cite web|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/19/WCWRSNewsletterMarch09.pdf|title=Western Cape Water Reconciliation Strategy Newsletter 5|date=March 2009|publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry}}</ref> Wannan ƙaruwa ta buƙatun dogon lokaci tana daɗa ta'azzara sakamakon matsin lamba akan samar da ruwa na dogon lokaci, gami da bazuwar baƙon shuke-shuke da canjin yanayi. Bazuwar baƙon shuke-shuke masu shan ruwa da yawa a mahimman yankunan tattara ruwa ya rage samar da ruwa zuwa Madatsar Ruwa ta Theewaterskloof da kiyasin mita mai siffar sili guda miliyan 30 a kowace shekara.<ref name=":0" /> An sami ƙaruwar digiri ɗaya na ma'aunin Celsius a yanayin zafi cikin ƙarni da suka gabata kuma ƙididdigar na'ura ta yi hasashen cewa matsakaicin zafi a Cape Town zai ƙaru da wani digiri 0.25 na Celsius a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, wanda hakan na iya ƙara yuwuwa da tsananin fari.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buis |first1=Alan |date=2020-09-08 |title=Making Sense of 'Climate Sensitivity': New Study Narrows the Range of Uncertainty in Future Climate Projections |url=https://climate.nasa.gov/ask-nasa-climate/3017/making-sense-of-climate-sensitivity/ |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=NASA: Climate Change and Global Warming |publisher=NASA}}</ref> Har ila yau, ba a nuna tasirin canjin yanayi sosai ba a cikin tsarin yanayi na yanzu: Helen Zille, Firimiyan Western Cape, ta ce Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Afirka ta Kudu ba ta yi tsammanin fari mai tsanani ba har sai bayan wasu shekaru 10.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-01-26-zille-tries-to-blame-it-on-the-weatherman/|title=Zille tries to blame it on the weatherman|last=Petra|first=Saal|date=Jan 2018|work=Times Live}}</ref> === Gazawar gwamnati === Hukumar gaggawa ta gundumomi, na lardi, da na ƙasa suna raba alhakin samar da ruwa. Dokar Ruwa ta Ƙasa (Dokar 36 ta 1998) ta tsara cewa gwamnatin ƙasa ita ce "atoni na jama'a" na albarkatun ruwa na ƙasar don tabbatar da cewa ana "kariya, amfani, haɓakawa, kiyayewa, gudanarwa da sarrafa ruwa cikin dorewa da adalci, don amfanin kowa".<ref name="Facts and Myths">{{Cite news|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/facts-and-myths-about-cape-towns-water-crisis/|title=Facts and myths about Cape Town's water crisis|date=Jan 2018|work=GroundUp}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da takaddama tsakanin gwamnatin gunduma da ta lardi da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin jam'iyyar adawa (Democratic Alliance, DA) a gefe guda, da kuma gwamnatin ƙasa mai rinjaye a ɗayan gefen (African National Congress, ANC), inda jam'iyyun ke zargin juna da laifin haddasa matsalar ruwan.<ref name="Saunderson-Meyer">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saundersonmeyer-drought-commentary/commentary-in-drought-hit-south-africa-the-politics-of-water-idUSKBN1FP226|title=Commentary: In drought-hit South Africa, the politics of water|last=Saunderson-Meyer|first=William|work=U.S.|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US}}</ref> Ana sukar DA saboda rashin tunanin gaba wajen samar da sabbin hanyoyin ruwa da ababen more rayuwa, yayin da ake zargin ANC da hana bayar da kuɗaɗe domin gurgunta tare da kunyata gwamnatin da DA ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-07-day-zero-heroes-maimane-hails-water-wise-capetonians-as-crisis-recedes/|title='Day Zero heroes': Maimane hails water-wise Capetonians as crisis recedes|last=Hyman|first=Aron|date=Mar 2018|work=Times Live}}</ref> Kamar yadda rahoton ƙungiyar South African Water Caucus ya nuna, tarin bashi da almundahana mai yawa a Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Tsaftace Muhalli na iya zama dalilin gazawarta na karɓar buƙatar Western Cape ta R35 miliyan (Dalar Amurka miliyan 3) don ƙara samar da ruwa da ababen more rayuwa a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://emg.org.za/images/downloads/water_cl_ch/SAWC_State-of-DWS-Report.pdf|title=REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION|website=South African Water Caucus|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925190453/https://www.emg.org.za/images/downloads/water_cl_ch/SAWC_State-of-DWS-Report.pd|archive-date=25 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> Helen Zille, Firimiyan Western Cape, ta yi kiran da gwamnatin ƙasa ta mayar wa Birnin Cape Town kuɗaɗen da aka kashe wajen tafiyar da matsalar ruwan.<ref name="Jan24" /> A tsakiyar watan Oktoba 2017, wasu kamfanonin raba gishiri da ruwa (desalination) sun soki Birnin saboda tafiyar hawainiya wajen sayan kayayyaki, yawan tsarin mulki na ofis (bureaucracy), rashin nuna gaggawa, da rashin isassun sikelin ayyukan samar da ruwa da aka tsara. A watan Janairu 2018, a matsayin martani ga wani rahoto mai tsanani da ya soki Birnin Cape Town saboda gaza magance bala'in cikin dacewa da lokaci da sauran gazawar shugabanci, hukumar zartarwa ta tarayya ta DA ta yanke shawarar cire magajiyar garin Cape Town Patricia de Lille daga jagorancin tawagar da ke magance matsalar fari, inda aka maye gurbinta da Mmusi Maimane, jagoran jam'iyyar DA gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/cape-town-water-crisis-crossing-state-and-party-lines-isnt-the-answer-90861|title=Cape Town Water Crisis Crossing State and Party Lines|work=The Conversation}}</ref><ref name="Polweb">{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/cape-town-city-manager-given-special-powers-to-dea|title=Cape Town city manager given special powers to deal with water crisis – NEWS & ANALYSIS|last=News24|date=26 October 2017|website=www.politicsweb.co.za|language=en|access-date=2017-12-01}}</ref> === Kin amincewa da tsarin raba gishiri da ruwa === A shekarar 2018, Cape Town ta yi watsi da tayin da ƙasar Isra'ila ta yi mata na taimaka mata wajen gina masana'antun raba gishiri da ruwa (desalination).<ref>In drought-hit South Africa, the politics of water, Reuters, January 25, 2018</ref><ref>Cape Town May Dry Up Because of an Aversion to Israel, Wall St. Journal, February 21, 2018</ref><ref>The Cape Town Water Crisis and Hating Israel, aish, February 11, 2018</ref><ref>South African stupidity, Jerusalem Post, February 3, 2018</ref> == Tasiri == [[File:Westridge Gardens 9.jpg|thumb|An gina Babban Tubalin Furanni (Flower Monument) a Westridge Gardens don tunawa da taron addu'o'in neman kyakkyawan ruwan sama lokacin da ake tsaka da matsalar ruwa. ]] Matsalar ruwan ta haifar da babban tasiri ga tattalin arziki, lafiya, da tsaro. Ya fito fili cewa samar da ruwan famfo na birni don ban ruwa da amfanin birane yana da tasiri mai kyau (positive externalities) ta fuskar wadatar abinci, lafiyar jama'a, da daidaiton al'umma gaba ɗaya. === Tattalin Arziki === Matsalar ruwan ta yi sanadiyyar asarar ayyukan yi guda 37,000 a lardin Western Cape, sannan an kiyasta cewa mutane 50,000 sun fada ƙasa da layin talauci sakamakon asarar ayyukan yi, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, da ƙarin farashin abinci.<ref name="Storms to Come">{{Cite web|url=http://features.dailymaverick.co.za/cape-of-storms-to-come/|title=Cape of Storms To Come|last=DIANA NEILLE, MARELISE VAN DER MERWE & LEILA DOUGAN|website=features.dailymaverick.co.za|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-03|archive-date=23 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623202853/http://features.dailymaverick.co.za/cape-of-storms-to-come/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masana sun kiyasta cewa "matsalar ruwan za ta lakume ayyukan yi kusan 300,000 a fannin aikin gona, da kuma wasu dubun-dubatar a fannonin hidima, baƙunci, da abinci".<ref name="In Trouble" /> ==== Aikin Gona ==== Aikin gona wata muhimmiyar masana'anta ce a Western Cape. Masana'antar ruwan inabi (giya) a Western Cape ta janyo hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido miliyan 1.5 a shekarar 2017, kuma tare da masana'antar 'ya'yan itace tana ɗaukar ma'aikata kusan 340,000 tare da ba da gudummawar fiye da kashi 10% ga tattalin arzikin Western Cape. Da yawa daga cikin shuke-shuken suna buƙatar ruwa mai yawa; alal misali, gonar inabi tana buƙatar tsakanin inci 10 zuwa 24 na ruwa don ta tsira. A matsakaici, fannin aikin gona a Western Cape ya gudanar da ragin amfani da ruwa da kashi 60 cikin ɗari daga shekarar 2017 zuwa 2018, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙarancin amfanin gona da kiyasin asarar tattalin arziki na R5.9 biliyan (Dalar Amurka miliyan 400), ayyukan yi 30,000, da faɗuwar kashi 13–20 cikin ɗari na kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje.<ref name=":0" /> Wasu kiyasin sun sanya adadin ya fi haka inda ya kai R14 biliyan (Dalar Amurka biliyan 1).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/economy/2018-02-05-farmers-lose-r14bn-as-cape-drought-bites/|title=Farmers lose R14bn as Cape drought bites|last=Phakathi|first=Bekezela|date=5 February 2018|work=Business Day|access-date=2018-02-07|language=en-US}}</ref> Kuɗaɗen da ake samu daga hannun jarin masana'antun ruwan inabi da na 'ya'yan itace na cikin gida suna da matukar ƙanƙanta koda yake masana'antar ruwan inabin tana samar da wasu shahararrun ruwan inabi a duniya. Wannan ya haifar da fargabar cewa kasuwancin aikin gona da yawa suna fuskantar haɗarin fatara.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Fannin Yawon Buɗe Ido ==== Cape Town babbar matattarar masu yawon buɗe ido ce kuma ita ce birni mafi karɓar baƙi na dogon zango a nahiyar gaba ɗaya. Masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ita ma ta fuskanci babban kalubale sakamakon raguwar baƙi masu zuwa, masauki, da zirga-zirgar baƙi a wuraren shaƙatawa a watan Janairu 2018 idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2017. Fannin masauki ya ba da rahoton raguwar mazauna da kashi 10%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetown.travel/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/CTT-Research-Report-April-2018_Classic.pdf|title=CTT Research Report April 2018|date=24 July 2018|website=Cape Town Tourism|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=24 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724183611/http://www.capetown.travel/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/CTT-Research-Report-April-2018_Classic.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Otal-otal sun yi rangwame kan ayyukansu, kamar cire matosai na burtun wanka, ba wa baƙi maganin tsaftace hannu (hand sanitiser), sanya na'urorin rage gudu a wuraren wanka, da ko dai share wuraren ninkaya sarai ko cika su da ruwan gishiri. A watan Oktoba 2017, Birnin ya ƙaddamar da ɗayan mahimman tsare-tsarensa, wato yaƙin neman zaɓe na 'Ajiye ruwa kamar ɗan gida' (Save like a local), tare da mai da hankali kan sanya masu yawon buɗe ido cikin ayyukan dakile fari na fadin birni gaba ɗaya.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite web |title=How to "Save Water Like a Local" |url=https://capetownsafaris.com/save-water-like-local/ |website=Cape Town Safaris |date=11 April 2018 |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref> === Talaucin Ruwa (Hydrological poverty) === Talaucin ruwa yakan kama mutanen da ba za su iya sayen abinci ko ruwan da ake buƙata don al'ummarsu ta zama mai wadata ba. A Cape Town, ya zama haramun sayar da ruwa daga rijiyoyi ko koguna amma mutane na iya samun riba daga sufuri da kwadagon da ke da alaƙa da kai ruwa daga wasu yankuna. Waɗanda suka yi amfani da ruwa fiye da ƙa'idar yau da kullun da aka gatsa ta lita 50 ga kowane mutum a rana an ci su tara tsakanin R500 zuwa R3,000 (Dalar Amurka 35–210). Sai dai wannan tasiri ya ƙara ƙarfafa tazarar talauci saboda taran ta kasance kaɗan ga mawadata amma mai rugurgutawa ga mazauna marasa galihu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.odi.org/blogs/10616-politics-poverty-and-climate-change-stories-cape-town-s-day-zero|title=Politics, poverty, and climate change: stories from Cape Town's 'Day Zero'|website=ODI|date=8 March 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> === Lafiyayyar Al'umma === Ma'aikatan lafiyar al'umma sun nuna damuwa game da cututtukan da za su iya yaduwa ta hanyar gurɓatar bayan gida da baki (faecal-oral contamination) sakamakon ƙarancin wanke hannu. Kamfanonin lafiyar al'umma, cibiyoyin bincike, da masu ba da lafiya su ma sun damu game da tasirin da matsalar ruwan za ta iya yi ga ayyukan lafiya. Rashin isasshen tsaftar muhalli na iya haifar da cututtukan zawo (diarrhoeal diseases), waɗanda ke kashe mutane miliyan 2.2 kowace shekara a duniya, inda yawancin mace-mace ke faruwa tsakanin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 5. Tare da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 4.3 da yawa na mutane kusan 1500 a kowace murabba'in kilomita, an ba da shawarar cewa wannan na iya haifar da cututtuka kamar kwalara da sauran su bazu cikin sauri ba tare da ingantaccen tsafta ba, musamman a unguwannin matalauta na Cape Town. Idan babu tsaftataccen ruwa, illolin lafiyar al'umma na iya ƙaruwa ta hanyar kwari a cikin kazaman ruwaye, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da ƙarin bazuwar cututtuka.<ref name="Comes the horror">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/cape-town-water-crisis-drought-disease/|title=Cape Town water crisis: With drought, comes the horror of disease|last=Head|first=Tom|date=10 October 2017|work=The South African|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710003504/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/cape-town-water-crisis-drought-disease/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jami'ai sun yi gargaɗin cewa cututtukan da ke yaduwa ta ruwa kamar kwalara, hepatitis A, da zazzabin taifot (typhoid fever) "da alama za su fi yaduwa" yayin da mazauna garin suka fara adana ruwa a cikin kwantena masu ƙazanta.<ref name="FAQs">{{Cite web|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Procedures,%20guidelines%20and%20regulations/Disaster%20and%20Demand%20FAQ.pdf|title=Water related FAQs|date=15 March 2018|website=City of Cape Town|access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> Musamman bazuwar cututtuka tana da yuwuwar faruwa sakamakon matsakaicin amfani da lita 25 kacal na ruwa ga kowane mutum a rana, adadin da bai isa ba don kiyaye tsaftar gida. Wannan haɗe da amfani da ruwan wanka/wanki (greywater) da ƙarfafawa daga kafofin watsa labaru na rashin wanke 'ya'yan itace ya ƙara haɗarin gurɓatawa. Wani tasiri kuma ga lafiyar al'umma sakamakon matsalar ruwan shi ne ƙarancin abubuwan gina jiki ko ƙarancin ingancin abubuwan gina jiki da mutane ke samu. Saboda ƙarancin ruwa, amfanin gona da dabbobi suna raguwa ko kuma ingancinsu yana faduwa.<ref>Parks, R., McLaren, M., Toumi, R., & Rivett, U. (2019). Experiences and lessons in managing water from Cape Town (29) [Grafiek & Literatuur]. Geraadpleegd van https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/grantham-institute/public/publications/briefing-papers/Experiences-and-lessons-in-managing-water.pdf</ref> === Haɗarin Lafiyar Wurin Aiki === Wuraren wankan gaggawa da na wanke idanu muhimmin sashi ne na tsaron wurin aiki ga dakunan gwaje-gwaje (laboratories) da ma'aikata da yawa. Ana buƙatar wadatar ruwa akai-akai idan aka fuskanci haɗarin sinadarai masu guba. Yawancin buƙatun Tsaron Wurin Aiki da Lafiya sun ba da shawarar cewa wuraren wankan gaggawa su kasance suna iya fitar da lita 75 a kowane minti na tsawon mintuna 15 aƙalla.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.plos.org/publichealth/2018/02/05/day-zero-the-impact-of-cape-towns-water-shortage-on-public-health/|title=Day Zero: The impact of Cape Town's water shortage on public health {{!}} Public Health|date=5 February 2018|work=Public Health|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815104537/http://blogs.plos.org/publichealth/2018/02/05/day-zero-the-impact-of-cape-towns-water-shortage-on-public-health/|archive-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> Idan aka dakatar ko iyakance waɗannan wuraren wankan, ma'aikatan da ke sarrafa sinadarai masu lahani sosai za su kasance cikin haɗari. === Kula da Yara === A gidaje da gidajen marayu, yara suna ɗaya daga cikin rukunoni mafi rauni da za su iya wahala daga illolin ƙarancin ruwa ga lafiya. Ciyarwa, wankewa, da haifuwar kayayyakin da ake buƙata don kula da yara na buƙatar ruwa mai yawa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/vulnerable-fear-cape-towns-water-shut-off-20180208|title=Vulnerable fear Cape Town's water shut-off|work=News24|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211225/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/vulnerable-fear-cape-towns-water-shut-off-20180208|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kashe famfunan makarantu a Western Cape a ranar "Day Zero", yara miliyan 1.1 za su kasance ba tare da ruwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/water-crisis-day-zero-could-affect-a-million-children|title=Water crisis: Day Zero could affect a million children|website=www.enca.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920082926/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/water-crisis-day-zero-could-affect-a-million-children|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Haɗarin Gobara === Akwai damuwa cewa haɗarin gobara zai ƙaru yayin da muhalli da ababen more rayuwa suka daɗa bushewa. Wannan ya kasance mai matukar muhimmanci ga manyan wuraren masana'antu da rumbun adana kayayyaki domin gobara a wuri ɗaya na iya bazuwa cikin sauƙi zuwa sauran gine-gine na kusa. Haka kuma tsarin kashe gobara na iya kasyawa saboda raguwar matsin lamba na ruwa a yankunan da ke sama.<ref name="FAQs" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pwc.co.za/en/assets/pdf/business-resilience-western-cape-water-crisis.pdf|title=Western Cape Water Crisis: How resilient is your organization in the face of the current water crisis?|date=December 2012|website=PWC|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001034010/https://www.pwc.co.za/en/assets/pdf/business-resilience-western-cape-water-crisis.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Martani ga matsalar ruwa == An yi ƙoƙari wajen ƙara samarwa da kuma rage buƙatar ruwa a cikin Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape. Da yawa daga cikin mutane da kasuwanci sun yi ƙoƙarin rage dogaro da tsarin ruwa na birni don kare hanyoyin samar da ruwa na kankansu. Matsalar ruwan ta zaburar da bincike da saka hannun jari a madadin tsarin ruwa na daban, wanda a ƙarshe zai iya taimakawa wajen hana sauran birane faɗawa cikin irin wannan matakin na ƙarancin ruwa. Ta kuma bayyana buƙatar tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci a birnin inda canjin yanayi zai daɗa ta'azzara ƙalubalen fasaha, shari'a, da na hukumomi wajen isar da ruwa a tsakanin babban mataki na rashin daidaito.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://dayzero.org.za/Day-Zero.pdf|title=Day Zero. One city's response to a record-breaking drought|last1=Joubert|first1=Leonie|last2=Ziervogel|first2=Gina|publisher=Axa, Mapula Trust, African Climate and Development Initiative|year=2019}}</ref> Haɗuwa da canjin yanayi da haɓakar jama'a a yankunan birane na nufin sauran biranen ma na iya fuskantar irin wannan fari mai tsanani kuma suna iya buƙatar yin la'akari da madadin hanyoyin samun ruwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/cape-town-drought-day-zero-climate-change-global-warming-south-africa-a8236511.html|title=Cape Town is almost at the feared 'Day Zero'|date=2 March 2018|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-03-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Haɓaka Samar da Ruwa === Birnin Cape Town ya ba da gagarumin ƙoƙari wajen haɓaka hanyoyin samar da ruwa. Muhimman ƙoƙarin sun haɗa da: * sayen ƙarin lita miliyan biyu da miliyan biyar na ruwa kowace shekara daga Ma'ajiyar Ruwa ta Molteno a Oranjezicht da Atlantis Aquifer biyo da biyo * ƙaddamar da ƙananan masana'antun raba gishiri da ruwa (desalination) na wucin gadi guda uku (kwangilar shekaru 2) (biyu masu ƙarfin lita miliyan 7 a kowace rana kuma ɗaya mai ƙarfin lita miliyan 2 a kowace rana) a Monwabisi, Strandfontein, V&A Waterfront, da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Cape Town * aikin sake sarrafa ruwa na Zandvliet Baki ɗaya, an tsara waɗannan ayyukan don samar da ƙarin lita miliyan 144 a kowace rana tsakanin Fabrairu da Yuli 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.traveller24.com/Explore/Green/cape-water-crisis-day-zero-moved-as-city-prepares-for-2m-tourists-20171118|title=Cape Water Crisis: Day Zero 'moved' as city prepares for 2m tourists|last=Nkanjeni|first=Unathi|date=Nov 2017|work=News24}}</ref> Sai dai kuma, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ayyukan sun fuskanci ƙalubalen kayan aiki (logistical challenges), kuma sun yi jinkiri fiye da lokacin da aka tsara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/slow-progress-bringing-new-sources-water-cape-town/|title=Slow progress bringing new water to Cape Town|last=Bratton|first=Laura|date=Nov 2017|website=GroundUp}}</ref> Jagoran DA, Maimane, ya jaddada cewa masana'antun raba gishiri da ruwa suna da tsada da kuma rikitarwa; musamman, masana'anta guda ɗaya za ta ci lita R15 biliyan (Dalar Amurka biliyan 1), wanda shi ne kashi ɗaya bisa uku na baki ɗaya kasafin kuɗin Birnin kuma tsarin sayen irin waɗannan kayan aiki yana waje da hurumin shari'a na Birnin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/lifestyle/220919/maimane-takes-over-cape-town-water-crisis-response/|title=Maimane takes over Cape Town water crisis response|date=24 January 2018|work=Business Tech}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe an yi watsi da tsare-tsaren masana'antun raba gishiri da ruwa domin tsadar kowace raka'a ta ruwa ta yi yawa sosai.<ref name=":5" /> A watan Fabrairu 2018, lokacin da aka kai kololuwar fari, Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Ruwa ta Groenland (wata hukumar wakilcin manoma a yankin aikin gona na Elgin Grabouw kusa da Cape Town) ta fara sakin ƙarin lita miliyan 10 na ruwa daga Madatsar Ruwansu ta Eikenhof kyauta. An tura wannan ruwan zuwa cikin Madatsar Ruwa ta Upper Steenbras.<ref name="Groenland">{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/cape-town-gets-10bn-litres-of-water|title=WATCH: Cape Town gets 10bn litres of water|date=6 February 2018|website=www.enca.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08|archive-date=8 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190908232503/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/cape-town-gets-10bn-litres-of-water|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan ya bai wa Birnin damar tura kiyasin ranar Day Zero baya daga 16 ga Afrilu zuwa 11 ga Mayu. === Gudanar da Buƙatun Ruwa na Birni === [[File:TragedyofCommons.png|thumb|298x298px|Albarkatun tafkin gama gari, kamar ruwan sama, sun fi fuskantar barazanar wuce gona da iri da ƙarewa idan ba a tsara su ba]] Ruwan saman ƙasa da ruwan sama suna nuna siffofin albarkatun tafkin gama gari (Common-pool resource), wanda ke fuskantar matsalar 'balahirar gama gari' (tragedy of the commons). Idan babu tsari na hukuma, mutane masu son kai za su yanke shawarar amfani da zai gurgunta abubuwan amfanin gama gari, wanda hakan ya sa masanin ilimin halittu Garrett Hardin ya bayyana cewa "yanci a cikin abubuwan gama gari yana kawo barna ga kowa".<ref>Hardin, G. (1968). "The tragedy of the commons." ''Science'', ''162''(3859), 1243–1248.</ref> Wannan yana da tsanani musamman lokacin matsalar ruwa lokacin da jimillar samarwa za ta iya faɗawa ƙasa da matakin amfani mafi dacewa ga al'umma. Don haka, Birnin ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara amfani da abubuwan gama gari ta hanyar gargadi na amfani da alhakin kai, rabo kai-tsaye, da kuma amfani da farashin kuɗaɗen ruwa (water tariffs) (don masu amfani su fahimci tsadar yanke shawararsu ga al'umma). Birnin Cape Town ya yi nasarar rage amfani da ruwa da fiye da kashi 50 cikin dari yayin fari daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2018.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/cape-town-running-out-of-water-drought-taps-shutoff-other-cities/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190935/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/cape-town-running-out-of-water-drought-taps-shutoff-other-cities/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2018|title=Why Cape Town Is Running Out of Water, and Who's Next|last=Welch|first=Craig|date=Mar 2018|work=National Geographic}}</ref> Amfani da ruwa na gidaje ya ragu sosai ƙarƙashin takunkumin Mataki na 6B, inda adadi mafi ƙanƙanta da aka yi rajista ya kasance lita miliyan 481 a kowace rana a ranar 2 ga Yuli 2018, mafi kusa da matakin da aka yi niyya na lita miliyan 450 a kowace rana.<ref name="dashboard-14may2018" /> Rahoton Water Outlook 2018 ya tattara bayanan canje-canje a buƙatun ruwa daga Nuwamba 2013 zuwa Mayu 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department of Water and Sanitation, City of Capetown |date=2018-05-18 |title=Water Outlook 2018 Report, Revision 25 |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20research%20reports%20and%20review/Water%20Outlook%202018%20-%20Summary.pdf |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=City of Cape Town}}</ref> ==== Tilasta Ragewa ==== An ci gaba da sake duba iyakar amfanin ruwa na kanka gami da rage shi a duk lokacin da ake tsaka da matsalar, inda mafi ƙanƙanta ya kasance lita 50 a kowace rana ga kowane mutum farawa daga 1 ga Fabrairu 2018.<ref name = "Booysen"/> Wannan matakin amfani da ruwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku ne kacal na matsakaicin amfanin ruwa na yau da kullun na lita 150 a ƙasar Burtaniya kuma kashi ɗaya bisa shida na matsakaicin amfanin yau da kullun a Amurka. An bukaci mazauna birnin da kada su zubar da ruwa a bayan gida bayan sun yi fitsari, sannan su yi amfani da ruwan sama ko ruwan wanka bayan sun yi bayan gida, sannan su rage tsayi da yawan wanka. Don kiyaye ruwa, an samar da maganin tsaftace hannu (hand sanitizer) a ofisoshi da gine-ginen gwamnati don amfani da shi maimakon wanke hannu na al'ada. Wasu shagunan kofi sun fara amfani da kofuna da kwanukan roba da na takarda don rage wanke-wanke. Yin amfani da ruwan famfo na birni don cika wuraren ninkaya, shayar da ciyawa ko wanke saman ƙasa ya zama haramun. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari na gidaje sun bi ka'idojin takunkumin amfani da ruwan.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42787773|title=Cape Town water crisis: 'My wife doesn't shower any more'|date=Jan 2018|work=BBC News}}</ref> Birnin ya bincika matakai daban-daban don tabbatar da bin doka: * Ƙirƙirar taswirar intanet mai ɗigo-ɗigo kore da ke nuna waɗanne gidaje ne ke yin kyakkyawan aiki wajen adana ruwa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/14/648016169/did-cape-town-learn-from-day-zero|title=Did Cape Town Learn From 'Day Zero'?|last=Shapiro|first=Ari|date=Sep 2018|publisher=National Public Radio (NPR)}}</ref> * Jami'an birni sun tuka motoci ta cikin unguwannin da ke amfani da ruwa da yawa tare da amfani da lasifika suna kiran sunayensu don tsawatar musu<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/06/28/624397903/cape-town-averts-day-zero-by-limiting-water-use|title=Cape Town Averts 'Day Zero' By Limiting Water Use|last=Shapiro|first=Ari|date=Jun 2018|publisher=National Public Radio (NPR)}}</ref> * Wallafa sunayen manyan masu amfani da ruwa fiye da kima<ref name=":12" /> * Rashin bin takunkumin buƙata na iya haifar da sanya na'urar gudanar da ruwa, wanda ke iyakance amfani da ruwa zuwa lita 350 kacal a kowace rana, inda mai gidan zai biya kuɗin sanya na'urar na R4,500 (Dalar Amurka 314).<ref name=":6" /> A watan Disamba 2017, Magajiyar Garin Patricia de Lille da kanta ta ziyarci gidajen masu ɓata ruwa don sanya na'urorin auna ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1147081/cape-town-drought-as-day-zero-approaches-the-city-needs-to-learn-to-talk-about-climate-change-not-spread-fear/|title=Africa's favorite tourist city is about to run out of water|last=Chutel|first=Lynsey|date=Dec 2017|website=Quartz}}</ref> * Ma'aikatar tilasta bin doka ta ƙara zafafa sintiri kan ɓarna da almubazzarancin ruwa<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citylab.com/environment/2018/07/how-cape-town-got-to-the-brink-of-water-catastrophe/564800/|title=How Cape Town Got to the Brink of Water Catastrophe|last=Walton|first=Brett|date=Jul 2018|website=CityLab}}</ref> ==== Ƙarin kuɗaɗen fito na ruwa ==== Haka kuma Birnin ya ƙara kuɗaɗen fito na ruwa (water tariffs), musamman ga mazauna lardin da suka ci gaba da amfani da ruwa mai yawa, galibi don jin daɗi da abubuwan da ba su da muhimmanci.<ref name=":9" /> A mafi girman farashin fito, yin amfani da ruwa sama da lita 35,000 a wata guda ya lakume R768.64 (Dalar Amurka 54) a kowace lita 1,000, wanda Birnin ya bayyana a matsayin hukunci. Kamar yadda rahoton Water Outlook 2018 ya nuna, matsakaicin buƙatar ruwa ya faɗi da kusan kashi 45 cikin ɗari daga Fabrairu 2017 zuwa Fabrairu 2018. Wannan ya fassara "zuwa ƙarancin kuɗin shiga na kusan R2 biliyan (Dalar Amurka miliyan 140) a cikin shekarar da muke ciki", wanda hakan kuma ya kasance babban dalilin ƙarin kuɗaɗen fito.<ref name=":3" /> Bincike ya nuna goyon baya ga amfani da manufar sanya farashi a matsayin kayan aiki don raba ruwa cikin inganci. Yayin da ake kwatanta farashin ƙayyadajen kudi (flat rate pricing) (inda ƙarin kuɗin amfani yake daidai da sifili) da kuma farashin amfani da adadi (volumetric pricing) na kayan amfanin ruwa na gida, Hanke da Bolard (1971) sun nuna cewa sauyawa daga na farko zuwa na biyun yana da tasiri wajen samun dorewar raguwa a amfanin ruwa na gida. Kuɗaɗen fito na ruwa suna da tasiri musamman wajen rage buƙatun ruwa don abubuwan da ba su da mahimmanci tunda irin wannan buƙatar galibi tana da alaƙa da canjin farashi (price-elastic), kuma za ta ragu fiye da kima a matsayin martani ga ƙarin farashi.<ref>Hanke, S. H., & Boland, J. J. (1971). "Water requirements or water demands?" ''Journal-American Water Works Association'', ''63''(11), 677–681.</ref> === Madadin hanyoyin samun ruwa === [[File:Newlands Spring Water crisis 2018.jpg|thumb|Mazauna garin suna jerin gwano a Newlands Spring]] Hasashen ranar ƙarshe ta ƙarshe (Day Zero) a Cape Town ya sa mutane da kasuwanci da yawa neman madadin hanyoyin samar da ruwa daban da Tsarin Samar da Ruwa na Western Cape. Mazauna cikin gida da yawa, ɗauke da kwantena na roba, sun tattara ruwa daga rafukan duwatsu da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na halitta a kewayen birnin. Wannan ya haifar da dogon layi har ma da fadace-fadace tsakanin 'yan ƙasa, kuma Birnin ya ƙara tsaro a shahararrun wuraren.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /> Hanyoyin mafi inganci sun haɗa da sanya tankunan adana ruwa waɗanda za su tattara ruwan sama, da kuma hakar rijiyoyin burtsatse na kankansu (boreholes).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/sas-richest-family-coining-it-from-jojo-tanks-2018-2|title=SA's richest family is coining it amid the scramble for JoJo tanks|last=Wasserman|first=Helena|date=Feb 2018|website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> Tunda ƙarin kuɗin (marginal cost) amfani da ruwa daga tankunan adana ruwa ko rijiyoyin burtsatse na kankansu yana kusa da sifili, gidaje da kasuwanci da ke da irin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan za su iya rage buƙatunsu na ruwan famfo na birni da kuma biyan buƙatunsu mafi mahimmanci (price inelastic) da waɗannan madadin hanyoyin ruwan, yayin da buƙatu mafi sauƙi ga canjin farashi (price elastic) ke zama mafi girman kaso na baki ɗaya buƙatun ruwan birni. Wannan yana da lahani na dogon lokaci ga tsaron ruwa da tsarin samar da ruwa na birni: na farko, yana gurgunta ikon birnin na yin amfani da farashin ruwa da manufar kuɗaɗen fito don tsara amfani da abubuwan gama gari, sannan na biyu, la'akari da mahimmancin tallafin giciye (cross-subsidization) inda manyan masu amfani ke rage wa ƙananan masu amfani nauyi a cikin tsarin ci gaba na farashin ruwa, yana haifar da damuwa game da dorewar kuɗi ga tsarin ruwan da ya riga ya durƙushe ƙarƙashin nauyin kuɗinsa.<ref name=":2" /> Yayin da dokokin ruwa ba sa barin ɗan ƙasa da kasuwancin gida fita cikin sauƙi daga tsarin samar da ruwa na gundumar, ƙila za a buƙaci aiwatar da ƙarin canje-canje a cikin dokokin cikin gida don ba wa gidaje masu wadata da fannoni masu zaman kansu damar ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka isar da ayyukan ruwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/businesses-in-w-cape-plan-to-get-off-the-water-grid/|title=Businesses in W Cape plan to get off water grid|last=Poonah|first=Vanessa|date=Jul 2018|work=SABC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencape.co.za/assets/Uploads/Alternative-water-installation-guidelines-29-Nov-2019.pdf|title=Water Installation Guidelines|last=Green Cape}}</ref> === Noma mai kiyaye ruwa === Wannan matsalar ruwa ta zaburar da bincike da kuma amfani da ingantattun hanyoyin noma masu kiyaye ruwa. Manoma sun ƙara yin amfani da fasahar aikin gona ta zamani (agricultural precision technology) don samun ingantaccen fahimta game da amfani da ruwa a gonakansu.<ref name=":0" /> Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Cape Town suna nazarin siffofin shuke-shuken daji da za su iya girma da ƙarancin ruwa, da fatan yin koyi da irin waɗannan siffofin a cikin amfanin gona ta hanyar jinsi na gargajiya da fasahar halittu (biotechnology). Wasu masana kimiyya suna nazarin tsarin sarrafa abinci na shuke-shuke (metabolism) don koyon yadda suke amfani da ƙarancin ruwa yayin aiwatar da photosynthesis, wanda ke ba su damar tsira a lokacin dogon fari mai tsanani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/385331-time-to-reevaluate-agriculture-as-cape-town-runs-dry|title=Time to reevaluate agriculture as Cape Town runs dry|date=28 April 2018|website=The Hill}}</ref> Yana da kyau a lura cewa duk da samun yanki mafi girma da ake ban ruwa (ha 269 476), Western Cape kuma tana da mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma mafi ingancin amfani da ruwa a kowace raka'a ta yanki (mita mai siffar sili 5,874 a kowace ha) tsakanin lardunan ƙasar.<ref name=":0" /> === Yaƙin neman zaɓen kiyaye ruwa a makarantu === A rabin na biyu na shekarar 2017, an ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe don taimakawa wajen adana ruwa ta hanyar gyare-gyare da yaƙin neman zaɓe na canjin ɗabi'a a makarantu.<ref>[https://www.schoolswater.co.za/ www.SchoolsWater.co.za]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLp-Ogs30mP7pVsa0rHj3pwttny1m6R2QD Bidiyon YouTube akan aikin]</ref> Manufar ita ce a adana ruwa a makarantu, sannan kuma a faɗakar da yara. Waɗannan yara za su iya kai saƙon gida, ta haka za a isa ga dubun-dubatar masu amfani. An ƙaddamar da yakin neman zaɓen a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin manyan abokan haɗin gwiwa guda huɗu: Shoprite (babban dillali mafi girma a Afirka), Jami'ar Stellenbosch, gidan rediyon Cape Talk, da Bridgiot. Ta hanyar tallafin kamfanoni 93, an kai ga makarantu 358. Kowane kamfani ya ɗauki nauyin makaranta ɗaya ko fiye, inda Shoprite ke tallafawa makarantu 100. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Western Cape ita ma ta ba da gudummawa wajen tallafawa makarantu da dama. [[File:Top Trumps playing cards used to raise awareness at schools..png|thumb|Katunan wasa na Top Trumps da aka yi amfani da su don faɗakarwa a makarantu]] Mataki na farko na yaƙin neman zaɓen shi ne sanya mita mai kaifin basira, da ake kira Dropula,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bridgiot.co.za/solutions/dropula-2/ |title=Shafi na Dropula |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017040047/https://www.bridgiot.co.za/solutions/dropula-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> sannan kuma aka gudanar da aikin gyara cikin hanzari a kowace makaranta.<ref name = "schoolsMaintenance">M.J. Booysen, C. Ripunda, M. Visser, (2019). "Results from a water-saving maintenance campaign at Cape Town schools in the run-up to Day Zero", ''Vol 50'', ''Sustainable Cities and Society''. Published: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101639. (Open access: https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/45cf9)</ref> Wannan kuma ya biyo bayan yaƙin neman zaɓe na canza ɗabi'a, inda aka raba makarantu zuwa guda uku: rukunin kulawa da aka bari a cikin duhu yawanci, sai dai don matakan gaggawa na gaba, rukunin da aka tura wa ma'aikata kawai bayanai, da rukunin da ma'aikata suka sami bayanai sannan kuma yara suka shiga cikin gasa.<ref name = "schoolsBehavioural">M. Visser, M.J. Booysen, K. Berger, J. Brühl (2019). "Saving water at Cape Town schools by using smart metering and behavioural change", ''Working paper''. https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/7kzwv</ref> Sakamakon ya nuna gagarumin tanadi daga aikin gyaran inda mafi ƙanƙancin kwararar ruwa da daddare ya ragu da kashi 28%. Canjin ɗabi'a ya haifar da ƙarin tanadi baki ɗaya daga kashi 15% zuwa 26%, inda rukunin da suka sami bayanai kawai suka fi yin tanadi. Wani sakamako mai ban sha'awa daga binciken shi ne rabon amfani da ruwa a duk faɗin makarantun quintiles. Makarantun da suka fi fama da talauci suna da ingancin ruwa kusan kashi 50%, yayin da makarantu masu wadata ke da ingancin ruwa kusan kashi 80%.<ref name = "schoolsGovernance">M.J. Booysen, B. Wijesiri, C. Ripunda, A. Goonetilleke, (2019). "Fees and governance: Towards sustainability in water resources management at schools in post-apartheid South Africa", ''Vol 51'', ''Sustainable Cities and Society''. Published: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101694. (Open access: https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/5wy8s)</ref> Haka kuma an bayyana aikin a cikin wani shiri na musamman na [[CNN]].<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/23/business/cape-town-drought-water-meter-intl/index.html Labarin CNN da bidiyon aikin.]</ref> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == Matsalar ruwan ta fuskanci dimbin ce-ce-ku-ce na siyasa da kuma bayanan karya, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kalubale wajen gane ainihin girman matsalar, da kuma tantance ayyukan da ake yi na magance ta cikin dacewa. Wasu ma sun yi shakka game da kasancewar matsalar ruwan, kuma sun rage darajar ranar "Day Zero" a matsayin dabarar tsoratarwa kawai.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name="Facts and Myths" /> === Rashin daidaiton rarrabawa === Matsalar ruwan Cape Town ta fito da rashin daidaiton rarraba ruwa a birnin fili. Kodayake kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na aliyun jama'ar Cape Town suna zaune ne a matsugunai marasa tsari (informal settlements), kashi 3.6 cikin ɗari kacal na wadatar ruwan lardin ya je ga irin waɗannan matsugunai a shekarar 2016/2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/reports/do-formal-residents-use-65-of-cape-towns-water-with-half-going-to-gardens-pools/|title=Do formal residents use 65% of Cape Town's water, with half going to gardens & pools?|last=Makou|first=Gopolang|date=Aug 2017|website=Africa Check}}</ref> Wannan haka yake saboda buƙatar ruwa na mazauna ya danganta da ababen more rayuwa da aka samar, kuma gidajen da suka dogara da famfunan taron jama'a—kamar yadda yake a mafi yawan garuruwa (townships)—suna amfani da ruwa kaɗan fiye da gidajen da ke da haɗin famfo na cikin gida.<ref>Smith, L., & Hanson, S. (2003). "Access to water for the urban poor in Cape Town: where equity meets cost recovery." ''Urban Studies'', ''40''(8), 1517–1548.</ref> Wannan yana nufin cewa a aikace, da yawa daga cikin mazauna matsugunai marasa tsari sun riga sun amfani da ruwa a matakan da suka dace da takunkumin Mataki na 6B kuma ba su ga wani gagarumin canji a salon rayuwarsu ba kafin da kuma lokacin matsalar ruwa. Masu lura da al'amura sun soki sakacin gwamnati na rashin magance irin waɗannan matsaloli na tsaron ruwa da daidaito a cikin matsugunai marasa tsari kafin matsalar ruwan Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/water-restrictions-its-nothing-new-us-say-residents-informal-settlements/|title=Water crisis: it makes no difference to us, say residents of informal settlements|last=Bratton|first=Laura|date=Nov 2017|website=GroundUp}}</ref> Kungiyar [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta fitar da wata sanarwa, tana roƙon gwamnati da ta "kiyaye mutuntawa da cika muhimman haƙƙoƙi a tsakiyar dorewar mafita, da kuma tabbatar da cewa an ba da fifikon raba ruwa daidai da buƙatu masu mahimmanci."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/01/cape-towns-water-crisis-response-needs-protect-rights-millions|title=Cape Town's Water Crisis Response Needs to Protect the Rights of Millions|last=Mavhinga|first=Deva|date=Feb 2018|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> === Rabon ruwa tsakanin aikin gona da amfanin birni === [[File:WaterResourceAllocation.png|thumb|291x291px|Rabon ruwa tsakanin amfani daban-daban ya dogara ne akan ribar da kowane fanni ke samu. Jadawalin bai nuna tasirin waje ba.]] An sanya takunkumin ruwa akan aikin gona da kuma amfanin birni na ruwan famfo. A matsakaici, fannin aikin gona a Western Cape ya fuskanci ragi na amfani da ruwa da kashi 60 cikin ɗari tun daga shekarar 2017. Takunkumin ruwa ya bambanta daga kashi 50 cikin ɗari a kwarin Breede (Breede Valley), kashi 60 cikin ɗari a lardin Berg River da yankin Riviersonderend da kashi 87 cikin ɗari a kwarin Lower Olifants River.<ref name=":0" /> A takunkumin ruwa na Mataki na 6B, ana saurin sa ran yankunan birane su rage amfani da ruwa da kashi 45 cikin ɗari. Anton Rabe, Shugaban Kamfanin Hortgro, wanda ke wakiltar manoman 'ya'yan itace a Cape Town, ya ba da hujjar cewa yanke kashi 60 cikin ɗari ga aikin gona, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 45 cikin ɗari ga birnin, ba adalci ba ne.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/western-cape-farmers-call-for-easing-of-water-restrictions-to-repair-drought-damage-20180917|title=Western Cape farmers call for easing of water restrictions to repair drought damage|last=Gosling|first=Melanie|date=Sep 2018|work=News24}}</ref> Sai dai kuma, akwai labarai masu ban tsoro da bidiyoyi na vlogs waɗanda suka ɗora alhakin matsalar ruwan akan hanyoyin noma da kiwon dabbobi waɗanda ba sa kiyaye ruwa cikin inganci.<ref name="Facts and Myths" /> Kyakkyawan rabon ruwa tsakanin aikin gona da amfanin birni yana da matukar rikitarwa saboda kasancewar abubuwan tasiri da yawa na waje (externalities), inda ruwan ban ruwa ke da matukar muhimmanci ga wadatar abinci sannan amfanin birni na da muhimmanci ga lafiyar al'umma, haka kuma canjin buƙatun na lokaci-lokaci. === Sharhin Firimiyan Western Cape, Helen Zille === Helen Zille, Firimiyan Western Cape, ta janyo hankalin mutane saboda wasu sharhinta kan matsalar ruwa. A watan Satumba na shekarar 2017, ta bayyana cewa tana yin wanka sau ɗaya kacal a kowace kwana uku, da kuma cewa tana ɗaukar "gashi mai mai a lokacin fari a matsayin alamar matsayi kamar mota mai kura." Wannan ya zaburar da muhawarar jama'a, inda wasu suka yaba da sadaukarwarta ga martanin fari yayin da wasu kuma suka riƙa yi mata gizzari.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41351543|title=Helen Zille: Why South African politician will only shower every three days|last=Fihlani|first=Pumza|date=22 September 2017|work=BBC News}}</ref> A watan Janairu 2018, Zille ta kuma tunzura fushi a dandalin [[Twitter]] bayan ta mayar da martani ga damuwa game da sakacin gwamnati na rashin magance rashin tsaron ruwa a matsugunai marasa tsari ta hanyar yaba wa tsarin mulkin mallaka (colonialism) don samar da ruwan famfo. Wannan ya haifar da tsautsayi daga DA saboda "keta doka akan amfani da kafofin watsa labarun al'umma".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-01-30-da-threatens-to-charge-zille-over-water-colonialism-tweets|title=DA threatens to charge Zille over water colonialism tweets|last=Pather|first=Ra'eesa|date=Jan 2018|work=Mail and Guardian}}</ref> Ana kuma sanin Zille da siffanta matsalar ruwan da ranar ƙarshe (doomsday characterization), a wani lokacin tana kwatanta ta da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da hararin 9/11, wanda wasu suka soki hakan a matsayin abin da bai dace ba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-01-22-zille-takes-charge-day-zero-bigger-than-wwii-and-911-says-premier/|title=Zille takes charge: Day Zero bigger than WWII and 9/11' says premier|last=Dave|first=Chambers|date=22 January 2018}}</ref> === Rikicin cikin gida a jam'iyyar Democratic Alliance === A watan Janairu 2018, DA ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a "gurfanar tare da bincikar" Magajiyar Garin Cape Town Patricia de Lille a hukumance don zargi takwas na "gazawar shugabanci" (waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da matsalar ruwa) kuma za a cire ta daga rukunin jagorancinta a cikin martanin birnin game da matsalar ruwa cikin gaggawa.<ref name="Facts and Myths" /> Manajan Birnin Cape Town Achmat Ebrahim, wanda aka ambata a cikin zargin ba daidai ba tare da De Lille, shi ma ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-01-16-capewatergate-da-hints-mayor-de-lille-to-blame-for-water-crisis-mismanagement/|title=#CapeWatergate: DA hints Mayor De Lille to blame for water crisis mismanagement|last=Davis|first=Rebecca|date=16 January 2018|work=Daily Maverick}}</ref> === Raba gishiri da ruwa da kuma Isra'ila === Mambobin jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) sun zargi DA da ƙirƙira da kuma ƙasaita matsalar ruwan don amfanar Yahudawa da ƙasar Isra'ila. Wannan haka yake tunda Isra'ila ita ce jagorar duniya a fasahar raba gishiri da ruwa (water desalination), kuma za ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwa mai yuwuwa wajen taimaka wa Cape Town kafa masana'antun raba gishiri da ruwa. Alakar dake tsakanin Afirka ta Kudu bayan mulkin wariyar launin fata (post-Apartheid) da Isra'la. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 83chu0s98o94u5tkrxg1p5qm175n6h2 0 113714 891828 718424 2026-08-06T01:39:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Myanmar]] tana ɗaya daga cikin kasashe masu yawan girgizar ƙasa a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Kamar yadda yake a kan iyakar Farantin Indiya da Eurasia, sananne ne ga girgizar ƙasa mai lalacewa. Rashin jujjuyawar, juyawa, da kuma canjin canji sun kasance da alhakin ayyukan girgizar ƙasa na ƙasar. Sagaing Fault dai na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun girgizar kasa a kasar, wanda ya haifar da munanan girgizar kasar a shekarun da suka gabata. Tare da bakin tekun yamma, jihar Rahkine da ke bakin teku, Sunda Megathrust, inda farantin Indiya ke nutsewa a ƙarƙashin farantin Burma na iya haifar da manyan abubuwan da suka faru da tsunami kamar girgizar ƙasa ta 2004. Matsakaicin zurfin girgizar ƙasa a gabashin Chin Range kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga mutane. Yankin Shan Plateau wani tushen girgizar ƙasa ne, yana ɗaukar nauyin kurakuran yajin aiki da yawa waɗanda ke ɗaukar jujjuyawar farantin Sunda. Sabuwar girgizar kasa ta faru ne a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Yu Wang |title=Earthquake Geology of Myanmar |url=https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7853/54/YWang_Theis_2013.pdf |journal=Dissertation |via=Caltech |access-date=2025-08-12 |archive-date=2022-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111092320/https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7853/54/YWang_Theis_2013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Girgizar ƙasa == Shahararrun girgizar ƙasa a tarihin Myanmar sun haɗa da: {| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text" style="text-align: center;" !Date !Location !Mag. !MMI !Depth (km) !Deaths !Injuries !Notes !Ref. |- |2025-07-15 |Mandalay |4.7 M_w |V |32.0 |1 | |An aftershock of the 2025 Myanmar earthquake. | |- |2025-05-17 |Mandalay |5.1 M_w |VI |10.0 |2 | |An aftershock of the 2025 Myanmar earthquake. | |- |2025-03-28 |Mandalay |6.7 M_w |IX |10.0 | | |The strongest aftershock of the 2025 Myanmar earthquake. Struck 11 minutes after. | |- |2025-03-28 |Sagaing |7.7–7.9 M_w |X |10.0 |5,352 |11,366 |Widespread damage. Affected parts of Thailand.<br /><br />see 2025 Myanmar earthquake |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Myanmar earthquake death toll more than 3300 |url=https://www.surinametimes.com/artikel/myanmar-earthquake-death-toll-more-than-3300 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.surinametimes.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death toll from 28 March earthquake in Myanmar rises above 3,500 |url=https://www.surinametimes.com/artikel/death-toll-from-28-march-earthquake-in-myanmar-rises-above-3500 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=www.surinametimes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2023-06-07 |Ayeyarwady |4.8 mb  |VII |10.0 |3 | |Several buildings and a pagoda damaged in Ma-ubin. | |- |2023-05-31 |Mohnyin |5.9 Mw  |VIII |10.0 | | |Many structures damaged in Hopin and ground effects in the Indawgyi Lake area. |<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Earthquake Information Center |date=31 May 2023 |title=M 5.9 - 121 km WSW of Myitkyina, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000k58h/executive |access-date=1 June 2023 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> |- |2022-07-21 |Kengtung |5.9 Mww  |VII |5.0 | | |Damage in Kengtung. Also felt in [[Sin|China]], [[Tailan|Thailand]], and [[Laos]]. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 53&nbsp;km S of Kēng Tung, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000hsg4/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |2021-11-26 |Hakha |6.2 Mww  |VIII |42.5 | | |Minor damage and an injury also occurred in Bangladesh. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 19&nbsp;km SW of Hakha, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000fx45/executive |access-date=26 November 2021 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |2018-01-11 |Bago |6.0 Mww  |VII |9.0 | | |Felt strongly in many places. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 40&nbsp;km WSW of Pyu, Burma |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us2000cifa/executive#executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |2017-03-13 |Yangon |5.1 mb  |VI |10.0 |2 |36 | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 34&nbsp;km SE of Tharyarwady, Burma |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us100088mq/executive#executive |access-date=2020-04-26 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |2016-08-24 |Magway |6.8 Mw  |VI |84.1 |4 |20 |Several temples were damaged | |- |2016-04-13 |Sagaing |6.9 Mw  |VI |134.8 | | |Deaths and damage in India and Bangladesh | |- |2012-11-11 |Sagaing |6.8 Mw  |VIII |9.8 |26 |Many |12 missing | |- |2011-03-24 |Shan |6.9 Mw  |X |12.8 |151 |212 | | |- |2011-02-04 |Monywa |6.4 Mw  |VI |85.0 |1 | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Significant earthquakes in Burma |url=https://www.worlddata.info/asia/burma/earthquakes.php |access-date=2020-04-26 |website=Worlddata.info}}</ref> |- |2009-08-11 |Coco Islands |7.5 Mw  |VII |24.0 | | | | |- |2007-12-25 |Kachin |4.8 Mw  |IV |35.0 | |19 |Severe damage |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 46&nbsp;km SE of Bhamo, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000grfr/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |2004-12-26 |Coco Islands |9.2–9.3 Mw  | - |30.0 |70–800 | |Rupture extended to the Coco Islands | |- |2003-09-21 |Magway |6.6 Mwb  |VII |15.8 |10 |43 |Damage at Taungdwingyi | |- |1995-07-11 |Shan |6.8 Mw  |VIII |12.5 |11 | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00070g4/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1991-01-05 |Sagaing |7.0 Mw  |VII |19.7 |2 | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0004k8g/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1988-11-06 |Shan |7.2 Ms  |X |15.9 | | |Aftershock of the Lancang earthquake. | |- |1988-11-06 |Shan |7.7 Mw  |IX |17.8 |700 |3,900 | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.7 – Myanmar-China border region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0003nks/executive}}</ref> |- |1988-08-06 |Sagaing |7.3 Mw  |VIII |98.1 |3 |30 |Caused some damage in India and was felt in the Soviet Union. At least 30 injured or missing in Bangladesh. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.3 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0003jpw/executive |access-date=2020-10-26 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1976-05-29 |Yunnan |7.0 Mw  | |10.0 |98 |2,400+ | | |- |1975-07-08 |Mandalay |7.0 Mw  |VIII |106.8 |2 |15 | | |- |1970-07-29 |Sagaing |7.0 Mw  | |76.1 | | |Damage at Assam. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem794100/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1956-07-16 |Sagaing |7.1 Mw  |VIII |34.3 |38 | | | |- |1954-03-21 |Sagaing |7.4 mb  | |180.0 | | |Some damage reported in India. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISC Bulletin Event 890450 Myanmar |url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=890450&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE |publisher=International Seismological Centre}}</ref> |- |1952-06-19 |Shan |6.7 Mw  |VIII |10.0 | | |Homes collapsed and landslides occurred in Yunnan. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – Myanmar-China border region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem893046/executive |access-date=2021-02-22 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1950-08-15 |[[Assam]] |8.6 Mw  |XI |15.0 |4,800 | |Rupture partially extended to Burma and was felt strongly |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=A. Coudurier-Curveur, P. Tapponnier, E. Okal, J. Van der Woer, E. Kali, d, S. Choudhury, S. Baruah, M. Etchebes, Ç. Karakaş |date=1 February 2020 |title=A composite rupture model for the great 1950 Assam earthquake across the cusp of the East Himalayan Syntaxis |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=531 |page=115928 |bibcode=2020E&PSL.53115928C |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115928 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> |- |1946-09-12 |Sagaing |7.8 Mw  | |15.0 |0 | |Doublet earthquake | |- |1946-09-12 |Sagaing |8.0 Mw  | |15.0 |0 | | | |- |1943-10-23 |Chin |7.2 | | | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3761 |website=NOAA NCEI}}</ref> |- |1941-12-26 |Shan |7.2 Mw  | |10.0 |>6 | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Significant Earthquake CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3695&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185249/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3695&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |website=NGDC}}</ref> |- |1938-08-16 |Chin |7.2 Ms  | |75.0 | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Event 902629 Myanmar-India border region |url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=902629&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE |publisher=International Seismological Centre}}</ref> |- |1932-08-14 |Sagaing |7.0 Ms  | |110.0 | | |Damage at Assam |<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. |date=1972 |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3498 |access-date=22 March 2024 |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}</ref> |- |1931-01-27 |Kachin |7.6 Mw  |IX |15.0 |0 | | | |- |1930-12-03 |Bago |7.3 M_w |X |10.0 |36 | | | |- |1930-07-18 |Irrawaddy | | | |50 | | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. |date=1972 |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3416 |access-date=22 March 2024 |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}</ref> |- |1930-05-05 |Bago |7.5 Mw  |X |35.0 |500 |204+ |Tsunami | |- |1929-08-08 |[[Naypyidaw]] |6.6–7.1 Mw  | |10.0–15.0 | | |Caused some damage. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem908257/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1929-01-19 |Kachin |5.5 Ms  |IX | | | |Damage at Htawgaw. |<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. |date=1972 |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/3394y |access-date=22 March 2024 |publisher=NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}</ref> |- |1927-12-17 |Yangon |~7.0 Mw  | | | | |Severe damage in northern Yangon |<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Soe Thura Tun, Tint Lwin Swe |date=2009 |title=Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Myanmar |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263873098 |journal=Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=43–57 |bibcode=2009JETsu...3...43T |doi=10.1142/S1793431109000482 |s2cid=128773603}}</ref> |- |1923-06-22 |Shan |7.2 Mw  | |25.0 | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Event 911420 Myanmar-China border region |url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=911420&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE |publisher=International Seismological Centre}}</ref> |- |1922-05-02 |Shan |6.7 Mw  | |35.0 | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Event 911885 Myanmar |url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=911885&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE |publisher=International Seismological Centre}}</ref> |- |1917-07-05 |Bago | | | | | |Shwemawdaw Pagoda fell. | |- |1912-05-23 |Shan |7.8Mw  |IX |15–25.0 |1(?) | |Several cities damaged |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.5 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgemsup16958191/executive#executive |access-date=2020-10-14}}</ref> |- |1908-12-12 |Kachin |7.2 Mw  | |15.0 | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem16958007/executive#executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2842 |website=NOAA NCEI}}</ref> |- |1908-12-12 |Kachin |7.2 Mw  | |15.0 | | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.3 – 62&nbsp;km S of Bhamo, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem16957836/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |- |1906-08 |Northern Sagaing Fault |7.0 Mw  | | | | | |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xiong, X., B. Shan, Y. M. Zhou, S. J. Wei, Y. D. Li, R. J. Wang, and Y. Zheng |date=2017 |title=Coulomb stress transfer and accumulation on the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar, over the past 110 years and its implications for seismic hazard |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=4781–4789 |bibcode=2017GeoRL..44.4781X |doi=10.1002/2017GL072770 |s2cid=55509712 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> |- |1906-06-24 |Coco Islands |7.3 Muk <ref name=":0"/> | |60.0&nbsp;km |0 | | |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISC Event 16957909 |url=http://www.isc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/web-db-v4?event_id=16957909&out_format=IMS1.0&request=COMPREHENSIVE |publisher=International Seismological Centre}}</ref> |- |1895/1896 |Yangon | | | | | |Destroyed many buildings in Rangoon. | |- |1858-08-24 |Magway |7.7 Mw  | | |? | |An island disappeared. |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Oldham |first=Thomas |date=1883 |title=A Catalogue of Indian Earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of AD 1869 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxpbmRpYXF1YWtlMnxneDo2NTMzZTgxZjRmM2UxNTdj |journal=Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India |volume=XIX, Part 3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=January to June 1859; Serampore, Friends of India Press, 1859 March 1859; Page 8 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxpbmRpYXF1YWtlMnxneDo1Y2M3MmVmNDAxM2QyMWQ0 |journal=The Calcutta Review |volume=XXXII}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Edris Alam, Dale Dominey-Howes, Catherine Chagué |date=2011 |title=Tsunamis of the northeast Indian Ocean with a particular focus on the Bay of Bengal region—A synthesis and review |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=114 |issue=1–2 |page=175 |bibcode=2012ESRv..114..175A |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.05.002}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- |1843-10-30 |Rahkine | | | | | |May have triggered a tsunami. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |1842-11-11 |Rahkine | | | | | |Tsunami recorded at Cheduba Island. |<ref name=":2" /> |- |1848-01-03 |Rahkine |6.8–7.2 Mw  | | |? | |Severe shaking at Ramree Island. |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhaskar Kundu, V.K.Gahalaut |date=2011 |title=Earthquake occurrence processes in the Indo-Burmese wedge and Sagaing Fault region |url=http://earthjay.com/earthquakes/20041226_sumatra/papers/kundu_gahalut_2012_earthquake_recurrence_indo_burma_sagang.pdf |journal=Tectonophysics |volume=524 |pages=135–146 |bibcode=2012Tectp.524..135K |doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.031}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=J. Bruce H. Shyu, Chung-Che Wang, Yu Wang, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hong-Wei Chiang, Sze-Chieh Liu, Soe Min, Oo Than, Soe Thura Tun |date=2018 |title=Upper-plate splay fault earthquakes along the Arakan subduction belt recorded by uplifted coral microatolls on northern Ramree Island, western Myanmar (Burma) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X17307458 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=484}}</ref> |- |1839-03-23 |Mandalay |8.1–8.2 Mw  |XI |12-15.0 |500+ | |Former capital city Inwa destroyed and abandoned. | |- |1762-04-02 |[[Chittagong]]-Rahkine |8.8 Mw  |XI | |200+ | |Tsunami | |- |1757-06-04 |Bago | | | | | | |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1750 |Rahkine | | | | | | |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berninghausen, William H. |year=1966 |title=Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from regions adjacent to the Indian Ocean |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=56 |issue=1 |page=69 |bibcode=1966BuSSA..56...69B |doi=10.1785/BSSA0560010069}}</ref> |- |1714-08-04 |Sagaing | | | | | |Waves from a river flooded a nearby city. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event Information |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3351 |website=NOAA NCEI}}</ref> |- |1620-06-06 |Mandalay | | | | | |Fishes in the Irrawaddy River were killed. |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1564-09-13 |Bago | | | | | |Mahazedi Pagoda destroyed. |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1485-07-24 |Sagaing | | | | | |Several pagodas fell. |<ref name=":1" /> |- |1467 |Innwa | | | | | | |<ref name="mac01">{{Cite journal |last=MacRae |first=G. A. |last2=Myint |first2=U. T. |last3=Jain |first3=S. K. |date=2011-06-30 |title=Steps in earthquake proofing a country: A case study of Myanmar |url=https://www.bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/239 |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=87–98 |doi=10.5459/bnzsee.44.2.87-98 |issn=2324-1543 |s2cid=203185319 |access-date=2022-08-02 |doi-access=free |archive-date=2025-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402052659/https://www.bulletin.nzsee.org.nz/index.php/bnzsee/article/view/239 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |1429 |Innwa | | | | | | |<ref name="mac01" /> |- ! colspan="9" |<small>Note: Only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.</small> |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b6x6kfpb5jnxfqfwoajtu93vhug369r 0 113742 891954 743407 2026-08-06T09:35:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jyotirmoy Barua''' lauya ce ta Bangladesh kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-11 |title=Jyotirmoy Barua |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/author/jyotirmoy-barua |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh High Court orders judicial probe into communal violence |url=https://www.southasiamonitor.org/bangladesh/bangladesh-high-court-orders-judicial-probe-communal-violence |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=South Asia Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In A Historical Move Bangladesh Appoints 5 Female Lawyers As HC Justices |url=https://www.theglobalwomanleader.com/news/in-a-historical-move-bangladesh-appoints-5-female-lawyers-as-hc-justices-nwid-3001.html |access-date=2025-03-24 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An haifi Barua a ranar 16 ga Satumba 1976 a Gundumar Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile - Jyotirmoy Barua |url=https://www.tritiyomatra.com/profile/171 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.tritiyomatra.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=hrsoftbd |title=JYOTIRMOY BARUA Member ID: 8685 |url=https://dhakabarassociation.com/site/member-details/8750 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=dhakabarassociation.com |language=bn}}</ref> Yana da digiri biyu a fannin shari'a, daya daga Jami'ar Calcutta kuma wani daga Jami'an Northumbria.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=about us – Dhaka Legal Practice |url=https://dhakalegalpractice.com/about-us/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501122933/https://dhakalegalpractice.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Barua memba ne na Dhaka Bar Association, Cox's Bazar Bar Association, da Kudancin Asiya don 'Yancin Dan Adam.<ref name=":1"/> Shi mai ba da shawara ne na shari'a na Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust . <ref name=":1" /> Ya shigar da takarda tare da Babban Kotun Kotun yana tambayar rashin aikin da 'yan sanda suka yi a lokacin tashin hankali na Ramu na 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=A man was framed for Facebook posts that sparked riots in Ramu. Nine years later, he is still missing |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/a-man-was-framed-for-posts-that-sparked-riots-in-ramu.-nine-years-later-he-is-still-missing |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya wakilci Adhikari Shuvo da Rasel Parvez, masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo waɗanda aka tuhume su da cutar da ra'ayoyin addini a cikin 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloggers Shuvo, Rasel get bail |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/laws-rights/26305/bloggers-shuvo-rasel-get-bail |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Barua ya zargi hukumomin tilasta bin doka da kashe mutane ba tare da shari'a ba a cikin ayyukan yaki da ta'addanci bayan Harin Dhaka na 2016. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-23 |title=Law enforcers killing people extra judicially: Noted citizens |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Law-enforcers-killing-people-extra-judicially |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> Ya wakilci 'yan jarida biyu daga Myanmar a shekarar 2017 wadanda aka tsare su suna aiki a kan biza ta yawon bude ido. Barua da Tanim Hussain Shawon sun wakilci [[Rehnuma Ahmed]] a cikin wata takarda don aika mijinta, mai daukar hoto Shahidul Alam, wanda aka daure shi saboda yin tsokaci game da gwamnati, zuwa asibiti don magani a watan Agusta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-08 |title=Send Shahidul to BSMMU for treatment |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/city/jail-authorities-asked-to-admit-photographer-shahidul-alam-bsmmu-for-treatment-1617196 |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Barua ya rubuta game da bacewar da aka tilasta a shekarar 2020 wanda ke wakiltar wanda aka azabtar Shafiqul Islam Kajol . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-30 |title=A new trend in disappearance cases |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/news/new-trend-disappearance-cases-1952957 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa tare da masu fafutuka 42 da ke kira ga shugaban kasar Bangladesh da ya fara bincike kan kwamishinonin Hukumar Zabe ta Bangladesh kan abin kunya na Hukumar Zabe na Bangladesh ta 2020. Ya yi kira ga soke Dokar Tsaro ta Dijital.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BenarNews |date=2023-08-11 |title=Bangladesh: Proposed Replacement Of Law Used To Muzzle Dissent Much The Same – Analysis |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/12082023-bangladesh-proposed-replacement-of-law-used-to-muzzle-dissent-much-the-same-analysis/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Eurasia Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-17 |title=Why the DSA should be scrapped |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/why-the-dsa-should-be-scrapped-3322696 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi Allah wadai da 'yan sanda na Bangladesh da ke tambayar ɗan jarida Zillur Rahman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-25 |title=22 citizens express concern over police visiting journo's home |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/22-citizens-express-concern-over-police-visiting-journos-home-3205061 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Ya wakilci marubucin Mushtaq Ahmed da mai zane-zane Ahmed Kabir Kishore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhawan |first=Sonali |date=2022-02-28 |title='Completely unclear': Mushtaq Ahmed's lawyer seeks answers on how the Bangladeshi writer died in jail |url=https://cpj.org/2022/02/completely-unclear-mushtaq-ahmeds-lawyer-seeks-answers-on-how-the-bangladeshi-writer-died-in-jail/ |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cartoonist Kishore gets bail |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/240041/cartoonist-kishore-gets-bail |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Ya wakilci Farfesa Morshed Hasan Khan na Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=HC rejects DU teacher's plea, asks him to vacate flat - |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/373727 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Daily Observer}}</ref> Barua memba ne na kwamitin ActionAid Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ActionAid Bangladesh |url=https://www.actionaidbd.org/governance |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.actionaidbd.org |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2024, ya yi Allah wadai da tsare daliban masu gwagwarmaya da ke tayar da sauye-sauye a cikin daukar ma'aikatan gwamnati ta reshen mai bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Protest coordinators: Detention by DB unconstitutional |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/protest-coordinators-detention-db-unconstitutional-3664206 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bayan karuwar tashin hankali a kan mata a karkashin jagorancin [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|Gwamnatin wucin gadi]] ta [[Muhammad Yunus]], Barua ya ce, ''"Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru suna ƙaruwa saboda gwamnati ba ta da ikon kiyaye doka da tsari".''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Rape trial in 90 days: Is it possible? What experts say |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rape-trial-90-days-it-possible-what-experts-say-1088476 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> A kan mutane da ke kashe mutane. ya ce, "Bayan da aka kori mai mulkin kama karya ([[Sheikh Hasina]]) ta hanyar tayar da kayar baya, wani rukuni na mutane yanzu sun yi imanin cewa za su iya ba da adalci kamar yadda suke so kuma hukumomi za su bi duk abin da suka ce".''er"''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-09 |title=Rape trial in 90 days: Is it possible? What experts say |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rape-trial-90-days-it-possible-what-experts-say-1088476 |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=Sajjad |date=2024-09-20 |title=Lynch mobs acting with impunity |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/lynch-mobs-acting-impunity-3707346 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta== oq21jdd21n9znjci24doc92inncfl23 0 113796 891826 814045 2026-08-06T01:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Fântânele-Cogealac_Wind_Farm_2011.jpg|alt=View of Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm|right|thumb|250x250px|Ginin Wind na Fântânele-CogealacGidan Gidan Gishiri na Fântânele-Cogealac]] Izuwa shekara ta 2013, akwai ƙarfin shigarwa na 2,599 megawatts (MW) na ikon iska a Romania, <ref name="EWEA 2014">{{Cite web |last=EWEA |date=February 2014 |title=Wind in power: 2013 European statistics |url=http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/statistics/EWEA_Annual_Statistics_2013.pdf |access-date=2014-11-05 |publisher=[[European Wind Energy Association]]}}</ref> daga ƙarfin shigarwa 7 MW a shekara ta 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cristian Matache |date=2008-08-21 |title=Prima centrală energetică eoliană din România va fi operațională din 2009 |url=http://www.gandul.info/economia/prima-centrala-energetica-eoliana-din-romania-va-fi-operationala-din-2009.html?3936;2942672 |access-date=2009-02-04 |publisher=Gandul |language=ro}}</ref> Har zuwa watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, Romania ta kara kusan 440 MW ga ƙarfin iska da aka shigar daga gonakin iska guda biyu: Fântânele-Cogealac da EDP Peștera . An kammala gonar iska ta Fântânele-Cogealac a shekarar 2012 kuma a lokacin ita ce mafi girma a Turai.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Romania tana da ƙarfin ƙarfin iska na kusan 14,000 MW, <ref name="Energie eoliana in Romania">{{Cite web |date=2007-12-17 |title=Investițiile în energia eoliană rămân deocamdată la nivel de intenție |url=http://www.mediafax.ro/economic/investitiile-in-energia-eoliana-raman-deocamdata-la-nivel-de-intentie-2307782 |access-date=2009-08-18 |publisher=Mediafax |language=ro}}</ref> da kuma ƙarfin samar da makamashi na sa'o'i 23 terawatt. Ikon wutar lantarki na ƙasar wanda za'a iya daidaita shi ta hanyar hanyar sufuri ta ƙasa yana tsakanin 3,000 MW da 9,000 MW, yayin da kawai a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata jimlar ikon buƙatun don haɗi da shi ya kasance kusan 22,800 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-09-07 |title=Energia eoliana in Europa, de cinci ori puterea instalata a Romaniei |url=http://www.ziare.com/Energia_eoliana_in_Europa_de_cinci_ori_puterea_instalata_a_Romaniei-126745.html |access-date=2009-07-28 |publisher=www.ziare.com |language=ro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turbinele eoliene din România vor funcționa la 30% din puterea instalată |url=http://www.adevarul.ro/financiar/Turbinele_eoliene_din_Romania_pot_functiona_la_30-_din_puterea_instalata_0_194380904.html}}</ref> Yankin Dobrogea, wanda ya kunshi yankunan Constanța da Tulcea, yana da ƙarfin iska na biyu mafi girma a Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mirona Hrițcu |date=2009-04-29 |title=Numai pentru milionarii în euro: afaceri cu energie eoliană |url=http://www.capital.ro/articol/numai-pentru-milionarii-in-euro-afaceri-cu-energie-eoliana-119010.html |access-date=2009-07-28 |publisher=Capital |language=ro}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kamfanoni da yawa suna sha'awar saka hannun jari a masana'antar iska a Romania. Kamfanin Italiya na Enel Green Power, wani reshen Enel, yana shirin gina gidajen noman iska da yawa tare da karfin 350 MW. Kungiyar Cofra ta kasar [[Switzerland]] ta shirya gina wasu manya-manyan tasoshin iska guda biyu, wanda zai iya karfin megawatt 700 a Dobruja da kuma wanda zai iya karfin 400 MW a kananan hukumomin Neamț da Suceava; jimlar jarin zai kai dala biliyan 1.65. A cikin 2008, Iberdrola ya sayi ayyukan noman iska guda 50, tare da haɗin gwiwar da aka girka 1,600 MW, daga kamfanoni biyu akan dala miliyan 450. Kamfanonin Romania da ke da sha'awar gina wuraren aikin iskar sun haɗa da Electrica da Green Energy, waɗanda ke da shirye-shiryen gina wuraren aikin iskar da za su sami ƙarfin girka 310 MW tare da jarin dala miliyan 420. Kamfanin Sinus Holding na kasar [[Hungariya|Hungary]] zai gina gidajen noman iska guda biyar a yankin Arewacin Moldavia, yana da karfin da ya kai megawatt 700 da jimillar jarin jari na dala miliyan 800, wanda za a gina nan da Disamba 2009.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == A karkashin ci gaba == Aikin iska na 600 Mw mai zuwa, Dunarea East da West, wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Romania, an shirya shi don fara aiki a 2026. An kwatanta girman girman wannan aikin da tashar wutar lantarki ta Fântânele-Cogealac da ke kusa, a halin yanzu babbar tashar iska a Turai, tare da damar 600 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Todorović |first=Igor |date=2024-01-25 |title=Rezolv signs grid connection agreement for 600 MW wind project in Romania |url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rezolv-signs-grid-connection-agreement-for-600-mw-wind-project-in-romania/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Balkan Green Energy News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ana sa ran Romania za ta kafa gonakin iska na farko a cikin [[Black Sea|Tekun Baƙi]] a shekara ta 2027-2028, biyo bayan shawarwarin jama'a da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta yi kan dokar da za a yi amfani da ita don samar da makamashi na iska. Shirin ya haɗa da siyar da 3 GW na iska ta waje a ƙarƙashin tsarin kwangila-don bambanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spasić |first=Vladimir |date=2023-08-15 |title=Burduja: First wind farms in Romania's Black Sea in 2027-2028 |url=https://balkangreenenergynews.com/burduja-first-wind-farms-in-romanias-black-sea-in-2027-2028/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Balkan Green Energy News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka mafi girma == Waɗannan su ne ayyukan gonar iska mafi muhimmanci a Romania (mafi girma fiye da 10 MW): {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:100%; border-collapse:collapse;" width="100%" |- style="background:#C1D8FF;" ! width="20%" |Project name ! width="20%" |Sponsoring company ! width="10%" |Installed capacity (MW) ! width="20%" |County ! width="10%" |Status ! width="10%" |Completed/<br /><br />Notes |- |Activ Business Casimcea |Activ Business |{{Sort|045|45}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |Eco Power |Eco Power |{{Sort|080|80}} |Buzău | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |EDP Dobrogea |Energias de Portugal |{{Sort|225|225}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |EDP Peștera Wind Farm |Energias de Portugal |{{Sort|090|90}} |Constanța | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-21 |title=EDP va avea un prim parc eolian in functiune in Medgidia dupa o investitie de peste 100 mil. euro |url=http://www.zf.ro/companii/edp-va-avea-un-prim-parc-eolian-in-functiune-in-medgidia-dupa-o-investitie-de-peste-100-mil-euro-5017188/ |access-date=2009-10-21 |website=Ziarul Financiar |language=ro}}</ref> |- |EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm |Energias de Portugal |{{Sort|0134|134}} |Constanța | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-31 |title=Cernavoda 110/33 kV Substation, Romania |url=http://en.gedlux.com/index.php/using-joomla/extensions/components/content-component/article-categories/77-edpr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001738/http://en.gedlux.com/index.php/using-joomla/extensions/components/content-component/article-categories/77-edpr |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2013-07-23 |website=GEDLux Sistemas de Control}}</ref> |- |Enel Agighiol |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|034|34}} |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-07 |title=Enel da startul productiei de energie verde cu un prim parc eolian de 34 MW langa Tulcea |url=http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Companii/96234/Enel-da-startul-productiei-de-energie-verde-cu-un-prim-parc-eolian-de-34-MW-langa-Tulcea.html |access-date=2012-12-16 |publisher=Wall Street |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Babadag I & II |Martifer |42 |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Babadag I and II Wind farms |url=https://www.martifer.com/en/projects/babadag-wind |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Martifer}}</ref> |- |Blue Investment Baia{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2009}} |Blue Investment |{{Sort|035|35}} |Tulcea | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref name="Blue Investment">{{Cite web |date=2008-11-21 |title=Blue Investments va aloca 60 milioane de euro pentru un parc eolian in judetul Tulcea |url=http://www.financiarul.com/articol_17532/blue-investments-va-aloca-60-milioane-de-euro-pentru-un-parc-eolian-in-judetul-tulcea.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108203256/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_17532/blue-investments-va-aloca-60-milioane-de-euro-pentru-un-parc-eolian-in-judetul-tulcea.html |archive-date=2009-01-08 |access-date=2009-02-03 |publisher=Financiarul |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Blue Planet Baia{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2009}} |Blue Planet Investments |{{Sort|035|35}} |Tulcea | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction | |- |Fălciu-Berezeni |E.ON |{{Sort|030|30}} |Vaslui | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction | |- |Călimani |West Wind |{{Sort|027|27}} |Suceava | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |Oravița |Local authorities |{{Sort|010|10}} |Caraș-Severin | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-10-22 |title=La Oravița a fost inaugurat primul parc eolian din vestul țării |url=http://www.ziuadevest.ro/economic/24415-la-oravia-a-fost-inaugurat-primul-parc-eolian-din-vestul-rii.html |access-date=2012-12-16 |publisher=Ziua de Vest |language=ro |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233731/http://www.ziuadevest.ro/economic/24415-la-oravia-a-fost-inaugurat-primul-parc-eolian-din-vestul-rii.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Enel Corugea |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|070|70}} |Tulcea | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-03 |title=Enel construieste un parc eolian de 70 MW in judetul Tulcea |url=http://energie.businesslive.ro/enel-construieste-un-parc-eolian-de-70-mw-in-judetul-tulcea/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323135201/http://energie.businesslive.ro/enel-construieste-un-parc-eolian-de-70-mw-in-judetul-tulcea/ |archive-date=2012-03-23 |access-date=2012-12-16 |publisher=Energie Live |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Eolgen Racovițeni |Eolgen |{{Sort|045|45}} |Buzău | style="background:#FAECC8;" |Proposed |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roxana Bucur |date=2008-09-25 |title=Un parc eolian de anvergură la Racoviteni |url=http://www.sansabuzoiana.ro/cotidian.html?aid=22750 |access-date=2009-08-22 |publisher=Sansa Buzoiana |language=ro |archive-date=2011-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007055758/http://www.sansabuzoiana.ro/cotidian.html?aid=22750 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Roșiești |E.ON |{{Sort|046|46}} |Vaslui | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="nemtii fac" /> |- |EOL Săcele |Electrica and Holrom |{{Sort|050|50}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |Eolica Baia |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|126|126}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica">{{Cite web |date=2009-02-03 |title=Short Descriptions of Projects |url=http://www.edch.ch/projects/descriptions.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210014204/http://edch.ch/projects/descriptions.shtml |archive-date=2009-02-10 |access-date=2009-02-03 |website=Eolica Dobrogea (Schweiz) AG, Switzerland |publisher=Eolica Dobrogea}}</ref> |- |Eolica Beidaud |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|128|128}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Casimcea |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|244|244}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Ceamurlia South |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|028|28}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Cogealac |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|448|448}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Corbița |Energycum |{{Sort|050|50}} |Vrancea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Georgian Stoica |date=2008-08-15 |title="Regele asfaltului" toarnă si un parc eolian |url=http://www.sfin.ro/articol_13716/regele_asfaltului_toarna_si_un_parc_eolian.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716064348/http://www.sfin.ro/articol_13716/regele_asfaltului_toarna_si_un_parc_eolian.html |archive-date=2011-07-16 |access-date=2009-02-03 |publisher=Saptamana Financiara |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Eolica Corbu |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|068|68}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Fântânele-Cogealac |CEZ Group |{{Sort|600|600}} |Constanța | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |2012 |- |Eolica Grădina |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|062|62}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Istria |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|074|74}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Kogălniceanu |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|032|32}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Mihai Viteazu |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|080|80}} |Constanța | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction | |- |Eolica Pantelimon |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|066|66}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Săcele |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|252|252}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Sarichioi |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|102|102}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Eolica Târgușor |Eolica Dobrogea |{{Sort|036|36}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="Eolica" /> |- |Vetrișoaia |E.ON |{{Sort|036|36}} |Vaslui | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="nemtii fac" /> |- |Eolus Vind |Eolus Vind |{{Sort|030|30}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |Europp Galați |Europp Energocons |{{Sort|033|33}} |Galați | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="micii jucatori" /> |- |Eximprod Galați |Eximprod Buzău |{{Sort|070|70}} |Galați | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="micii jucatori" /> |- |Green Energy |Green Energy |{{Sort|200|200}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-17 |title=Green Energy și-a amânat proiectul parcului eolian de 200MW din Tulcea, din cauza legislației |url=http://www.realitatea.net/green-energy-si-a-amanat-proiectul-parcului-eolian-de-200mw-din-tulcea--din-cauza-legislatiei_564692.html |access-date=2009-07-30 |publisher=www.realitatea.ne |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Liteni-Dolhasca |Ulli Rowind |{{Sort|034|34}} |Suceava | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-07 |title=Cel mai mare parc eolian din tara, la Suceava |url=http://www.financiarul.ro/2009/03/07/cel-mai-mare-parc-eolian-din-tara-la-suceava/ |access-date=2009-08-18 |publisher=Financiarul |language=ro |archive-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006010915/http://www.financiarul.ro/2009/03/07/cel-mai-mare-parc-eolian-din-tara-la-suceava/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Market Expert Tulcea |Market Expert |{{Sort|033|33}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="micii jucatori" /> |- |Mărișelu |Local authorities |{{Sort|300|300}} |Cluj | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cosmina FERNOAGĂ |title=Parc energetic eolian pe 100 ha la Mărișel |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=3758 |access-date=2009-02-03 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Moldova Noua |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|048|48}} |Caraș-Severin | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |2012<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-30 |title=Enel Green Power commissions 48MW wind farm in Romania |url=http://www.rechargenews.com/energy/wind/article321345.ece |access-date=2012-12-16 |publisher=ReCharge}}</ref> |- |New Energy Constanța |New Energy Group |{{Sort|030|30}} |Constanța | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref name="nemtii">{{Cite web |last=Adrian Stoica |date=2007-06-11 |title=Nemtii cred in potentialul eolian al Dobrogei |url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/a97815/nemtii-cred-in-potentialul-eolian-al-dobrogei.html |access-date=2009-02-03 |publisher=Romania Libera |language=ro}}</ref> |- |New Energy Tulcea |New Energy Group |{{Sort|020|20}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="nemtii" /> |- |Orșova |Toplet Energy |{{Sort|035|35}} |Mehedinți | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iulian Gogonea |date=2008-09-26 |title=Vântul aduce investiții de milioane la Orșova |url=http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/vantul-aduce-investitii-de-milioane-la-orsova.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090630061651/http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/vantul-aduce-investitii-de-milioane-la-orsova.html |archive-date=2009-06-30 |access-date=2009-08-18 |publisher=Adevarul |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Romwind Constanța |Romwind |{{Sort|030|30}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="micii jucatori" /> |- |Sălbatica I |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|070|70}} |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2011 |title=Un nou parc eolian a devenit functional in Romania |url=http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-energie-9224761-nou-parc-eolian-devenit-funtional-romania.htm |access-date=17 December 2012 |publisher=Hotnews |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Sălbatica II |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|070|70}} |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |2012<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-10-21 |title=Enel inaugurated 70 MW wind farm in Northern Dobrogea |url=http://business-review.ro/energy/enel-inaugurated-70-mw-wind-farm-in-northern-dobrogea-12602/ |access-date=2012-12-16 |publisher=Business Review }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Sibioara |Sibioara Wind Farm |{{Sort|042|42}} |Vaslui | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref name="micii jucatori" /> |- |Sinus Holding |Sinus Holding |{{Sort|700|700}} |Vaslui/Suceava/Neamț | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved | |- |Tarcău |Eolo Energy |{{Sort|024|24}} |Neamț | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-03 |title=Mori de vânt și hidrocentrale pe Valea Tarcăului |url=http://www.financiarul.ro/2008/03/26/mori-de-vant-si-hidrocentrale-pe-valea-tarcaului/ |access-date=2009-02-03 |publisher=Financiarul |language=ro |archive-date=2010-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529162531/http://www.financiarul.ro/2008/03/26/mori-de-vant-si-hidrocentrale-pe-valea-tarcaului/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Tomis Team Dobrogea |Tomis Team |{{Sort|600|600}} |Tulcea/Constanța | style="background:#D9F9E9;" |Under construction |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-20 |title=Tomis Team va dezvolta cel mai mare parc eolian din România, de 600 MW |url=http://www.money.ro/temp/tomis-team-va-dezvolta-cel-mai-mare-parc-eolian-din-romania-de-600-mw.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805000134/http://www.money.ro/temp/tomis-team-va-dezvolta-cel-mai-mare-parc-eolian-din-romania-de-600-mw.html |archive-date=2012-08-05 |access-date=2009-08-19 |publisher=money.ro |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Valea Nucarilor |Enel Green Power |{{Sort|070|70}} |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |2012 |- |Văcăreni |Energie Investments Group |{{Sort|240|240}} |Tulcea | style="background:#FAECC8;" |Proposed |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gică Popescu intră în afacerile pe eolian |url=http://standard.money.ro/articol_106936/gica_popescu_intra_in_afacerile_pe_eolian.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217084956/http://standard.money.ro/articol_106936/gica_popescu_intra_in_afacerile_pe_eolian.html |archive-date=2009-12-17 |access-date=2009-09-22 |publisher=Business Magazin |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Verbund Casimcea |Verbund |{{Sort|225|225}} |Tulcea | style="background:#C0FF9B;" |Commissioned |<ref>{{Cite web |title=VERBUND puts Wind Farms in Romania into Operation |url=https://www.verbund.com/en-de/about-verbund/news-press/press-releases/2013/06/06/wind-farm-romania-onshore |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.verbund.com}}</ref> |- |Scobinți-Iași |ACK srl Romania |{{Sort|40|40}} |Iași | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACK srl |url=http://www.ack.ro |access-date=2009-02-03 |language=ro}}</ref> |- |Ruginoasa-Iași |Moldova-Eolian srl Romania |{{Sort|100|100}} |Iași | style="background:#FAECC8;" |Proposed | |- |Siminoc - Murfatlar |Zar Twins Energy |{{Sort|045|45}} |Constanța | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |- |Nalbant Tulcea |Philro Energia |{{Sort|20|20}} |Tulcea | style="background:#CEDFF2;" |Approved |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parc Fotovoltaic Nalbant Romania |url=http://www.panourifotovoltaice.com/en/wind_project |access-date=2010-02-03 |language=ro}}</ref> |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2nujy0tlbo30ah40bi9qkwln0k9x89h 0 114135 891666 821244 2026-08-05T12:21:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An kafa '''Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Kanada (CHRC)''' a cikin shekara 1977 ta Gwamnatin [[Kanada]]. An ba shi iko a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Kanada don yin bincike da ƙoƙarin warware korafe-korafen wariya a cikin aikin yi da kuma samar da ayyuka a cikin ikon tarayya. Hakanan ana ba CHRC ƙarfi ƙarƙashin Dokar Daidaiton Aiki don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikata da gwamnatin tarayya ta tsara suna ba da dama daidai ga ƙungiyoyi huɗu: mata, ƴan asalin ƙasa, naƙasassu, da ƴan tsiraru da ake gani. Daya daga cikin memba na Hukumar an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Samun dama a karkashin Dokar [[Kanada]] Mai Samun Dama. Hukumar tana taimaka wa aiwatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da sanar da jama'a da ma'aikata waɗannan haƙƙoƙin. == Tsarin da tsari == Majalisar Dokokin Kanada ta kafa Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam a cikin 1977 don gudanar da Dokar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Kanada. Daga baya aka faɗaɗa matsayinta zuwa haɗa da Dokar Daidaiton Aiki. Dukansu dokokin sun shafi ƙungiyoyin da gwamnatin tarayya ta tsara, waɗanda suka haɗa da sassan gwamnatin tarayya da hukumomi: Kamfanonin Crown; da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar bankuna, kamfanonin jiragen sama, da sufuri da kamfanonin sadarwa. Hukumar ta kunshi Babban Kwamishinan, Mataimakin Babban Kwamishina, Kwamishinan Samun dama, Kwamishina na Biyan Biyan Biya, da kuma tsakanin wasu mambobi uku zuwa shida. Dukkanin majalisar tarayya ce ke nada su. A karkashin ''Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada'', Hukumar tana kare haƙƙin ɗan adam na duk mutanen da ke cikin Kanada bisa doka. Yana inganta hangen nesa ga Kanada inda duk mutane ke da daidaitattun dama kuma zasu iya rayuwa rayuwarsu ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. Hukumar ce ke da alhakin magance zarge-zargen nuna wariya. Ta hanyar doka, ya zama dole a bincika kowane korafin nuna bambanci da aka samu. Idan zai yiwu, Hukumar tana ƙarfafa mutane su yi ƙoƙarin warware takaddamar su ba bisa ka'ida ba. Idan mutane ba za su iya magance lamarin da kansu ba, to Hukumar na iya gudanar da bincike. Idan ta yi imanin cewa korafin yana da cancanta, Hukumar na iya aika ta zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Kanada don ƙarin jarrabawa. In ba haka ba, an yi watsi da korafin. A wasu lokuta, Hukumar kuma na iya bayyana a gaban Kotun. Hakan na faruwa ne lokacin da Hukumar ta ji cewa korafin ya shafi wani lamari na maslahar jama'a, wanda ya hada da yanke shawara da ke da yuwuwar fayyace, tasiri, siffa, ko ayyana dokar 'yancin ɗan adam a Kanada. A karkashin Dokar Daidaiton Ayyukan Aiki, Hukumar tana inganta daidaito a wurin aiki ga ƙungiyoyi huɗu da aka zayyana: mata, ƴan asalin ƙasa, mutanen da ke da naƙasa, da membobin ƴan tsiraru masu ganuwa. Yana aiki tare da ma'aikata don tabbatar da cewa babu wani mutum da aka hana damar yin aiki ko fa'idodi saboda dalilan da basu da alaƙa da iyawar su. Don haka, Hukumar tana gudanar da binciken bin ka'ida don taimakawa ma'aikata su cika ka'idodin Dokar. An sanya memba ɗaya na Hukumar a matsayin Kwamishinan Samun dama, wanda ke da alhakin gudanar da Dokar Canjin Kanada. == Tarihi == Yayin da Dokar Samar da Ma'aikata ke amfani da yaren "'yan tsiraru masu ganuwa", a cikin rahotonta na shekara ta 2022, Hukumar ta bayyana cewa a ra'ayin ta, wannan "tsohon lokaci ne". A maimakon haka Hukumar ta yi amfani da kalmar "ƙungiyoyin wariyar launin fata". Majalisar Dokoki ta 44 ta Kanada ta yi muhawara daga 30 ga Mayu 2024 Bill C-63, wanda zai zama Dokar Harms ta Intanet. Ya tsaya tare da goyon bayan Ministan Shari'a Arif Virani. A karkashin wannan dokar da ake tsammani CHRC za ta zama mai yanke hukunci. Kamfanonin lauyoyi sun ga kwafin gaba har zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024; za a ba da izini ga CHRC don cin tarar mutane har zuwa $ 50,000. Bisa ga shawarar da Virani ya bayar a watan Yunin 2024 majalisar ministocin tarayya ta nada Musulmi da mutum mai launin fata Birju Dattani don aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan, mukamin da ya kasance babu komai sama da watanni 18. Ya ba da bayani game da ayyukansa ga ma'aikatan gwamnati duk da haka ofishin Virani ya ce bai ba su sarkar ba. Kungiyoyin Yahudawa sun nuna damuwa game da sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta da wani mutum da ake kira 'Mujahid Dattani'. A cikin 2015 Dattani ya raba mataki yayin da yake a Burtaniya tare da membobin kungiyar Hizb-ut-tahrir mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ta Islama, "wanda ke neman kafa sabon [[Khalifofi|Halifa]]" a karkashin dokar shari'a "kuma yana adawa da wanzuwar [[Isra'ila]]. " PMO ba ta ga ko jin game da korafin ba, yayin da memba na Liberal, Marco Mendicino ya ce "akwai manyan rashi" a cikin tsarin daukar ma'aikata. Ya ci gaba da cewa: "Ana buƙatar tsari mai tsauri don jama'a su sami cikakken amincewa da kujera da CHRC a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin dimokuradiyya. " A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2024 an buga rahoton kamfanin lauya mai zaman kansa wanda Virani ya ba da umarnin a cikin nadin Dattani, kuma Dattani ya janye takararsa. == Rashin jituwa == === Yanayin launi na fata (2020) === A watan Oktoban 2020, ma'aikata tara na CHRC sun shigar da korafi ta hanyar kungiyoyinsu bisa zargin nuna wariya ta launin fata. A cikin Maris 2023, Hukumar Baitulmali ta Sakatariyar Kanada ta yanke shawarar cewa CHRC "ta nuna wariya ga Bakar fata da ma'aikatanta masu wariyar launin fata".<ref name="cbc1">{{Cite web |last=Thurton |first=David |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Human rights commission faces a 'crisis of confidence' over anti-Black racism: Senate |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/human-rights-commission-racism-1.7058616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104073246/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/human-rights-commission-racism-1.7058616 |archive-date=January 4, 2024 |website=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> === Rahoton Majalisar Dattijai (2023) === A cikin Disamba 2023, Majalisar Dattawa ta Kanada ta zaunannen kwamitin 'yancin ɗan adam ya buga wani rahoto mai taken "Anti-Black wariyar launin fata, Jima'i da Tsare-tsare Tsare-tsare a cikin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Kanada" kuma ta yi kira ga gwamnatin tarayya da ta fara nazarin yanayin aiki mai zaman kansa na "Ma'aikatan Baƙaƙe, ƴan asalin ƙasar da wariyar launin fata" a CHRC, da kuma dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam na Kanada.<ref name="sc1">{{Cite web |last=Standing Senate Committee on Human Rights |date=December 11, 2023 |title=Anti-Black Racism, Sexism and Systemic Discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Commission |url=https://sencanada.ca/en/info-page/parl-44-1/ridr-anti-black-racism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229225242/https://sencanada.ca/en/info-page/parl-44-1/ridr-anti-black-racism/ |archive-date=December 29, 2023 |access-date=January 4, 2024 |website=[[Senate of Canada]] |language=en}}</ref> == Jagora == * [[Marie-Claude Landry]] Maris 2015-Nuwamba 2022 * [[Charlotte-Anne Malischewski]] (Na wucin gadi) Disamba 2022 -yanzu<ref name="chrc2" /> == Dubi kuma == * [[Sashe na 13 na Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]] * [[Hukumar kare hakkin ɗan Adam|Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam]] * 'Yancin Dan Adam a Kanada == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090713174128/http://www.canadianhumanrightscommission.com/ Tarihin Labaran Labaran da ke rufe CHRC] * [https://repolitics.com/features/canadas-human-rights-commission-system/ Tsarin Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kanada: Gabatarwa ga Hukumar Kare Hakkan Dan Adam ta Canada da Kotun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912195203/https://repolitics.com/features/canadas-human-rights-commission-system/ |date=2025-09-12 }} b4ovatbkgjcp7f3yr66bz98vyv6yol5 0 115678 891720 710940 2026-08-05T15:59:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilimin [[Samartaka|matasa]]''' yana nufin ikon matasa na [[Ilimin karatu|karatu da rubutu]]. Matasa lokaci ne na saurin ci gaban tunani da jijiyoyi, lokacin da yara ke bunkasa halin kirki (gaskiya fahimtar sakamakon ayyukansu), ta hanyar fahimta (warware matsaloli, tunani, tunawa), da kuma zamantakewa (amsawa da ji, hulɗa, hadin kai). Dukkanin wadannan nau'ikan ci gaba guda uku suna da tasiri - zuwa digiri daban-daban - akan ci gaban ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu. Ci gaban ilimin matasa na iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban a gida da makaranta. Haɗin iyaye yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan ƙwarewar yaro na karatu da rubutu. Makarantu suna aiwatar da dabaru daban-daban don inganta ci gaban karatu da rubutu na dalibi kamar koyarwa bayan makaranta, tsarin sake fasalin karatu da rubutu a duk makaranta, da tallafawa iyalai na dalibai da ke fama da ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ƙungiyar Karatu ta Duniya (IRA) ta lura da ilimin halayyar mutum na musamman da ilimin jijiyoyin matasa, ya bambanta da ci gaban karatu da rubutu na yara ƙanana ko manya. Sun nuna ka'idoji guda bakwai na ci gaban karatu da rubutu ga wannan rukunin shekaru, wanda ake buƙata don matasa su zama masu motsawa, masu karatu na rayuwa: * samun dama ga kayan karatu iri-iri da aka daidaita don abubuwan da suke so * koyarwar da ke gina da haɓaka ƙwarewar karatunsu da sha'awar karatu zuwa ga matani masu rikitarwa * kimantawa wanda ke nuna ƙarfin da buƙatu * ƙwararrun malamai waɗanda ke tsarawa da ba da umarni a bayyane a duk faɗin tsarin karatun * goyon baya daga kwararru na karatu (ga waɗancan ɗaliban da ke fuskantar wahalar ilmantarwa) * malamai da suka fahimci rikitarwa na kowane matashi masu karatu * gidaje, al'ummomi, da al'umma da ke tallafawa bukatun masu koyo na matasa == Ci gaba == Ci gaban karatu da rubutu yana farawa tun yana ƙarami, kuma ainihin yadda yake faruwa zai shafi mutane zuwa balaga. Shekaru uku na farko na makaranta sune mafi tasiri a kan ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu na yaro. Ayyukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka haɓaka a cikin shekaru uku na farko na makarantar firamare suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin ci gaban karatu da rubutu. Wadannan ayyuka sun hada da jerin abubuwan tunawa, lambobi gaba da baya, da gajerun labaru. Kwarewar da aka haɓaka a cikin shekaru uku na farko na makaranta suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu ba da daɗewa ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Abadzi |first=Helen |date=May 31, 2004 |title=Strategies and policies for literacy |journal=Literacy for Life}}</ref> Ana iya aiwatar da ci gaban karatu da rubutu a makarantu tare da wasu batutuwa don kara tasirin koyarwar. Karatu da rubuce-rubuce suna ƙarfafa juna kuma haɓaka ƙwarewa a ko dai na iya amfana da ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu gaba ɗaya. Kundin da ke haɗa rubuce-rubuce da koyarwar karatu a kai a kai fiye da wasu suna samar da ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bitter |first=Catherine |last2=O'Day |first2=Jennifer |last3=Gubbins |first3=Paul |last4=Socias |first4=Miguel |date=2009-02-17 |title=What Works to Improve Student Literacy Achievement? An Examination of Instructional Practices in a Balanced Literacy Approach |journal=Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=17–44 |doi=10.1080/10824660802715403 |issn=1082-4669 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu makarantu a Amurka suna aiwatar da aiwatar da ilimin kimiyya a matsayin umarni mai haɗawa. Dalibai da ke da hannu a cikin irin wannan koyarwar karatu da rubutu sun fi ɗaliban da ke karɓar koyarwar yare da kimiyya.<ref name=":2" /> Muhimmancin karatu da rubutu a cikin al'umma a yau ana iya nuna shi a cikin yawan dabarun daban-daban da ake aiwatar da su a makarantu da shirye-shiryen bayan makaranta game da karatu da rubutu. Kungiyoyin da ba na riba ba, kamar su Reading Partners, suna aiki don taimakawa dalibai a cikin tafiyar ci gaban karatu da rubutu ta hanyar koyarwa ta waje da ke karawa ga koyarwar karatu da rubutu a makaranta. Masu koyar da sa kai suna aiki don kawo matakan karatun matasa ta hanyar karatun mutum da rubuce-rubuce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn how Reading Partners increases literacy in our youth! |url=https://readingpartners.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=Reading Partners |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521115830/https://readingpartners.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wasu makarantu a Amurka suna aiwatar da tsarin sake fasalin karatu da rubutu na makaranta don fuskantar tsarin tsarin ci gaban karatu da rubutu. Misalai na sake fasalin karatu da rubutu na iya haɗawa da ci gaban ƙwararru na duniya ga malamai, kayan karatu da rubutu da dabarun koyarwa, da kuma horar da masu horar da karatu da rubutu ga dukan makarantar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Tivnan |first=Terrence |last2=Hemphill |first2=Lowry |date=May 2005 |title=Comparing Four Literacy Reform Models in High‐Poverty Schools: Patterns of First‐Grade Achievement |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/431885 |journal=The Elementary School Journal |volume=105 |issue=5 |pages=419–441 |doi=10.1086/431885 |issn=0013-5984 |s2cid=145170869 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tsarin sake fasalin tsarin karatu da rubutu ya tabbatar da cewa yana da tasiri a manyan gundumomin makaranta na birane.<ref name=":1" /> Ayyukan ci gaban karatu da rubutu na matasa na iya haɗawa sosai da iyaye da masu kula. Wasu mafita ga jahilcin matasa sun fito ne daga koyar da iyaye na dalibai a makarantun talauci yadda za a karanta littattafai tare da yaransu, zuwa ƙarfafa iyaye su shiga cikin karatun yaransu ta hanyar halartar tarurrukan iyali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhattacharya |first=Alpana |date=March 2010 |title=Children and Adolescents From Poverty and Reading Development: A Research Review |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10573560903547445 |journal=Reading & Writing Quarterly |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=115–139 |doi=10.1080/10573560903547445 |issn=1057-3569 |s2cid=144101523 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, dabarun da suka haɗa da shigar iyaye da ayyukan gida suna da tasiri mai kyau ga ɗalibai da iyalansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Eithne |date=2010-10-12 |title=Improving Literacy Achievement in a High-Poverty School: Empowering Classroom Teachers Through Professional Development |journal=Reading Research Quarterly |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=384–387 |doi=10.1598/rrq.45.4.1 |issn=0034-0553 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A Amurka, ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu tana da alaƙa da samun ilimi da ingancin rayuwa.<ref name=":0"/> Ilimi shine babban abin da ke nuna nasarar ilimi da farin ciki a nan gaba. Rashin karatu da rubutu yana da alaƙa da rashin aikin yi a lokacin da ya girma. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin littattafan da yara ko matasa suka rubuta * Labarin matasa * Littattafan soyayya na matasa == Manazarta == kxxrnytwk75x9p3e6v83i1ek4jgy0tc 0 117043 891972 812695 2026-08-06T10:06:57Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Delmwa Deshi-Kura''' babban jami'in samar da fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-05-23 |title=Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=National Daily Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura {{!}} Director, Producer, Writer |url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm16779504/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=2022 Africa Program Fellows |url=https://www.efworld.org/meet-the-fellows/2022-africa-program-fellows/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Eisenhower Fellowships |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Delmwa a [[Lafia|Mafiya]], yanzu babban birnin [[Nasarawa|Jihar Nasarawa]] . Ta kuma fito ne daga Jihar Plateau . Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Kamfanin Talabijin na Rediyo na Plateau wanda ke ba da damar Delmwa ga masu samarwa da ƙungiyoyin fasaha.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2016-05-28 |title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura: In the spotlight |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/delmwa-deshi-kura/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta sami shiga [[Jami'ar Jos]] don nazarin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi da Harshe. Daga baya, Delmwa ya sami Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-05-23 |title=Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=National Daily Newspaper |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEmmanuel2016">Emmanuel, Olu (2016-05-23). [https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ "Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town"]. ''National Daily Newspaper''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ayyuka == Gudanarwa daga UAC ta ci gaba da aikin Delmwa a masana'antar fina-finai. Delmwa ta shafe shekara guda a [[Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Legas]] tana nazarin ci gaban Kasuwanci don karfafa iliminta game da samar da fim .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-05-23 |title=Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=National Daily Newspaper |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEmmanuel2016">Emmanuel, Olu (2016-05-23). [https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ "Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town"]. ''National Daily Newspaper''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> An kuma ba Delmwa tallafin karatu na Goldman Sachs ga mata matasa a harkokin kasuwanci.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=2016-05-28 |title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura: In the spotlight |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/delmwa-deshi-kura/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNigeria2016">Nigeria, Guardian (2016-05-28). [https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/delmwa-deshi-kura/ "Delmwa Deshi-Kura: In the spotlight"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Delmwa ta samar kuma ta ba da umarnin Duplicity, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Magic presents Duplicity |url=https://www.dstv.com/africamagic/en-ng/news/africa-magic-duplicity |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Africa Magic - Africa Magic presents Duplicity |language=en}}</ref> ''Naija NextGen'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emelike |first=Obinna |date=2024-10-11 |title=Naija NextGen introduces short films to inspire generation of leaders |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/naija-nextgen-introduces-short-films-to-inspire-generation-of-leaders/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Discovery+234, <ref>{{Cite web |last=BWN |date=2016-02-09 |title=Discovery +234 Season Two Launch Guarantees More Entertainment And Inspiration |url=https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/discovery-234-season-two-launched-guarantees-more-entertainment-information-and-inspiration/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=BizWatchNigeria.Ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Real Housewives Of Abuja, Date My Family Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MultiChoice Studios - Date My Family Nigeria |url=https://www.multichoicestudios.com/show/date-my-family-nigeria |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.multichoicestudios.com |language=en}}</ref> An kuma zaɓa ta daga cikin Einsenhower Fellowships 2022 Africa Program Fellows . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=2022 Africa Program Fellows |url=https://www.efworld.org/meet-the-fellows/2022-africa-program-fellows/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=Eisenhower Fellowships |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.efworld.org/meet-the-fellows/2022-africa-program-fellows/ "2022 Africa Program Fellows"]. ''Eisenhower Fellowships''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * MTV Base Babban Nunin Jumma'a (2011) * Bincike+234 (2015) * Sauƙin sauyawa (2016) * Ranar Iyalina Najeriya (2020) * [[The Real Housewives of Abuja|Matan Gida na Gaskiya na Abuja]] (2023) * Naija NextGen (2024) == Kyaututtuka == A shekara ta 2013, Delmwa ta lashe kyautar takardun shaida a Discop, [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-05-23 |title=Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=National Daily Newspaper |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEmmanuel2016">Emmanuel, Olu (2016-05-23). [https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ "Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town"]. ''National Daily Newspaper''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Nominations == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- !2017 ![[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] !Mafi kyawun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin !Sauye-sauye !An zabi shi |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 1gy8mt3xll6dvv5zbde78nt3yt3gv05 0 117045 891985 726882 2026-08-06T10:14:34Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Real Housewives of Abuja, wand3a aka taƙaita a matsayin '''''RHOAbuja''''', jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na gaskiya na Najeriya wanda aka fara a ranar 17 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2023, kawai a kan Showmax . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/02/12/the-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=ThisDay Live}}</ref> Shi ne karo na biyu na Najeriya na The Real Housewives franchise, bayan The Real Housewves of Lagos . Nunin ya biyo bayan salon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, alaƙar zamantakewa, da labarun mata shida masu tasiri a Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya da aka sani da dukiya da iko. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == The Real Housewives of Abuja yana ba masu kallo haske game da rayuwar mata shida masu tsada da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru yayin da suke kewaya abota, kasuwanci, dangantaka, da abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa a Abuja. Shirin ya hada da Arafa, Comfort Booth, OJ Posharella, Princess Jecoco, Samantha Homossany, da Tutupie . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayo Onikoyi |date=3 March 2023 |title=Meet the 6 Delectable, Powerful Ladies of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/meet-the-6-delectable-powerful-ladies-of-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> Nunin yana ba da damar shiga cikin manyan al'ummomin Abuja, yana nuna jam'iyyun da suka dace, salon zamani, da rikice-rikice masu ban mamaki tsakanin mata. == Fitarwa == [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] na Delmedia Productions ne ya samar da jerin. Ana samun sa don yawo a cikin kasashe 40 na Afirka akan Showmax . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=15 February 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/576705-meet-the-cast-of-the-real-housewives-of-abuja.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> === Daraktoci === * [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] (10 episodes, 2023) * George Sunom Kura (10 episodes, 2023) * Portia Hlubi (1 episode 22033) (lo and ô === Abubuwan da suka faru === Lokacin farko ya kunshi aukuwa 10, wanda aka saki kowane mako a kan Showmax. === Karɓar baƙi === Nunin ya sami kulawa saboda yadda yake nunawa game da manyan jama'ar Abuja da salon rayuwarsu. An kwatanta shi da The Real Housewives of Lagos saboda wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmanci, kayan ado, da kuma al'amuran zamantakewa na musamman. == Dubi kuma == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] 9xhm8y51ngt196caie7af5wm3wzwzid 891986 891985 2026-08-06T10:15:02Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Real Housewives of Abuja, wand3a aka taƙaita a matsayin '''''RHOAbuja''''', jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na gaskiya na Najeriya wanda aka fara a ranar 17 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2023, kawai a kan Showmax . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/02/12/the-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=ThisDay Live}}</ref> Shi ne karo na biyu na Najeriya na The Real Housewives franchise, bayan The Real Housewves of Lagos . Nunin ya biyo bayan salon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, alaƙar zamantakewa, da labarun mata shida masu tasiri a Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya da aka sani da dukiya da iko. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == The Real Housewives of Abuja yana ba masu kallo haske game da rayuwar mata shida masu tsada da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru yayin da suke kewaya abota, kasuwanci, dangantaka, da abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa a Abuja. Shirin ya hada da Arafa, Comfort Booth, OJ Posharella, Princess Jecoco, Samantha Homossany, da Tutupie . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayo Onikoyi |date=3 March 2023 |title=Meet the 6 Delectable, Powerful Ladies of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/meet-the-6-delectable-powerful-ladies-of-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> Nunin yana ba da damar shiga cikin manyan al'ummomin Abuja, yana nuna jam'iyyun da suka dace, salon zamani, da rikice-rikice masu ban mamaki tsakanin mata. == Fitarwa == [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] na Delmedia Productions ne ya samar da jerin. Ana kuma samun sa don yawo a cikin kasashe 40 na Afirka akan Showmax . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=15 February 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/576705-meet-the-cast-of-the-real-housewives-of-abuja.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> === Daraktoci === * [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] (10 episodes, 2023) * George Sunom Kura (10 episodes, 2023) * Portia Hlubi (1 episode 22033) (lo and ô === Abubuwan da suka faru === Lokacin farko ya kunshi aukuwa 10, wanda aka saki kowane mako a kan Showmax. === Karɓar baƙi === Nunin ya sami kulawa saboda yadda yake nunawa game da manyan jama'ar Abuja da salon rayuwarsu. An kwatanta shi da The Real Housewives of Lagos saboda wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmanci, kayan ado, da kuma al'amuran zamantakewa na musamman. == Dubi kuma == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] lixhfv4m3vx2pb43azk826cjahuii3q 0 118298 891831 812337 2026-08-06T02:15:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Reflist|30em}} Wadannan sune jerin [[Kisan Kiyashi|Kisan kiyashi]] da suka faru a '''[[Najeriya]]''': == Jerin kisan kiyashi == ''<small>Lura: Ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙasa na iya zama ba daidai ba kuma sun ɗan haɗu. Rahotanni wani lokacin suna nuna rashin dalili da kuma hare-haren da za su iya samun haɗin gwuiwa / dalilai da yawa. Misali, rikice-rikicen al'umma tsakanin makiyaya da manoma na iya bayyana saboda addini kuma don haka ana rarraba shi a matsayin "kisan kiyashi na addini" saboda addinin bangarorin da ke da hannu.</small>'' === Kisan kiyashi na siyasa da na addini === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="width:120px;" |Name ! data-sort-type="date" style="width:65px;" |Date ! style="width:75px;" |Deaths ! style="width:120px;" |Involved ! class="unsortable" |Location – Circumstances |- |[[Zan-zangar Kano ta 1953|1953 Kano riot]] |1953 |~46 |political/ethnic riot |conflicts between pro- vs anti- independence groups with political parties which also happened to largely sort into Southern vs Northern (Ibo/ Yoruba vs Hausa ethnicity), Christian vs Muslim etc.. |- |Tiv Riots |1960-1964 |2,000–4,000 |Various groups |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] (since 1976), Northern region, [[Benue (kogi)|Benue valley]] – Occurred during protests for the creation of Benue state from the Northern region<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=THE 1964 TIV RIOTS - Soluap |url=https://soluap.com/the-1964-tiv-riots/ |access-date=27 January 2024 |website=soluap.com}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashin Inyamurai 1966|1966 Anti-Igbo pogrom]] |July and August 1966 |8000-30,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Civil War |url=https://countrystudies.us/nigeria/23.htm |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=countrystudies.us}}</ref> |[[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|Nigerian Army]], [[Hausa–Fulani|Hausa-Fulani]] and others |[[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Northern Nigeria]] – Targeted killings of Igbo people in Northern Nigeria in revenge for the coup of January 15, 1966.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinyemi |first=A. B. |year=1972 |title=The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War |journal=African Affairs |volume=71 |issue=285 |pages=408–426 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096282}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashin Asaba|Asaba massacre]] |October 7, 1967 |Up to 500 men |Nigerian 2nd Division |[[Delta (jiha)|Delta State]], [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] – Occurred during the [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Nigerian-Biafran War]] |- |Ugep Massacre |December 24, 1975 |65> |Nigerian Army |[[Cross River|Cross River State]], Ugep – Occurred after soldiers accused towns people of murdering a drunk soldier |- |Bakolori Massacre |March 28, 1980  |380 |Police |[[Zamfara|Zamfara State]], Bakolori – The government of the defunct [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto State]] wanted to build a dam in Bakolori, ([[Bakolori Dam]]) and offered to resettle the people. They refused and the police moved in to forcefully resettle them. |- |[[Rikicin Kano na 1980|1980 Yan Tatsine riots]] |Dec 18-29, 1980 |est. 4,177 civilians, 100 police, 35 military |religious insurgency |instigated by [[Maitatsine]] and his [[Ƴan Tatsine|followers]] in Kano |- |Umuechem Massacre |November 1, 1990 |~85 |Police |[[Jihar Rivers|Rivers State]], Umuechem – After a protest at Shell's office by youths of the town demanding for electricity, water, roads and compensation following environmental degradation, the police moved in and massacred the town. |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Odi|Odi massacre]] |November 20, 1999 |43<ref name="hrw1">{{Cite web |date=1999-12-22 |title=The Destruction of Odi and Rape in Choba |url=https://www.hrw.org/press/1999/dec/nibg1299.htm |access-date=2013-05-30 |website=HRW.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref>-2,500<ref name="era">{{Cite web |last=Bassey |first=Nnimmo |date=2006-06-02 |title=Trade and Human Rights in the Niger Delta of Nigeria |url=http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/34801 |access-date=2013-05-30 |website=[[Pambazuka News]] |publisher=Fahamu}}</ref> |Nigerian Army |[[Bayelsa|Bayelsa State]], Odi – Nigerian military attacked the village of Odi, as part of the [[Rikici a yankin Neja Delta|Conflict in the Niger Delta]]. |- |[[Rikicin Kaduna na 2000|2000 Kaduna riots]] also known as the first "Sharia clashes". |Sharia 1: February 21–25, 2000; March Sharia 2: May 22–23, 2000 |2,000–5,000<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |date=July 2003 |title=The "Miss World Riots": Continued Impunity for Killings in Kaduna |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/nigeria0703/2.htm |access-date=3 April 2014 |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> |Christians, Muslims |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the introduction of sharia law in Kaduna State, start of the religious riots phase of the Sharia conflict in Nigeria. |- |[[Rikicin Jos, 2001|2001 Jos riots]] |September 9–17, 2001 |500–5000 |Christians, Muslims |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], [[Jos]] – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims. |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Zaki Biam|Zaki Biam Massacre]] |October 20–24, 2001 |Over 200<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Nigeria: Nigerian soldiers carry out massacres |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/10/nige-o27.html |access-date=8 November 2020 |website=wsws.org}}</ref> |Nigerian Army |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] – Attack by the Nigerian Army avenging the kidnapping and killing of 19 soldiers by suspected Tiv militia<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Nigeria: Nigerian soldiers carry out massacres |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/10/nige-o27.html |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=wsws.org}}</ref> |- |Miss World riots |November 22, 2002 |200+ |Islamists, later rioting Christians and Muslims |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] – Inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots. Cause: article in ''[[This Day|Thisday]]'' about the 2002 Miss World beauty contest (to be held in [[Abuja]]), in which Muslims took offence. |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Yelwa|Yelwa massacre]] |February–May, 2004 |c. 975 |Christians, Muslims |[[Yelwa]], [[Shendam]] and [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] – Religiously motivated killings between Christians and Muslims. |- |Muhammad cartoons crisis |February 18, 2006 |120+ |Muslims and Christians |[[Borno|Borno State]], [[Maiduguri]] and [[Onitsha]], [[Anambra|Anambra State]] – The international crisis reached the Nigerian city of Maiduguri, in which over 50 people were killed and many buildings destroyed or damaged by rioting Muslims, outraged because of cartoons about Muhammad in the Danish newspaper ''Jyllands-Posten''. Christians also later burned Muslim corpses and damaged mosque in Onitsha, causing 5,000 Muslims to flee the city to [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]]. |- |2008 Ogaminana massacre |February 26, 2008 |over 50 |Police |[[Jihar Kogi|Kogi State]], Ogaminana – Police descended on Ogaminana at 8.30 pm, killing and brutalizing mostly elderly men, women and children in a reprisal attack that has sent shock and outrage throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nurdeans |date=2018-07-31 |title=Gov. Lalong, Buhari Honour Imam Who Shields 300 Christians from Massacre |url=https://www.newsliveng.com/2018/07/31/gov-lalong-buhari-honour-imam-who-shields-300-christians-from-massacre/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702075141/https://www.newsliveng.com/2018/07/31/gov-lalong-buhari-honour-imam-who-shields-300-christians-from-massacre/ |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |access-date=2019-07-02 |website=NAIJA NEWS TODAY & LATEST BREAKING NEWS ™ |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[Rikicin Jos, 2008|2008 Jos riots]] |November 28–29, 2008 |381 |Christians, Muslims |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], [[Jos]] – Religious riots between Christians and Muslims over the result of a local election. |- |[[Tawayen Boko Haram, 2009|2009 Boko Haram uprising]] |July, 2009 |1,000+ |Boko Haram |[[Maiduguri]], [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]], [[Potiskum]], [[Wudil]] – Militants killed over a thousand people between 26 and 29 July; during the violence<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sun News On-line &#124; News |url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/aug/06/national-06-08-2009-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812212917/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/aug/06/national-06-08-2009-01.htm |archive-date=2009-08-12 |access-date=2010-04-02}}</ref> |- |[[Rikicin Jos, 2010|2010 Jos riots]] |2010 |992 |Christians, Muslims |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], [[Jos]] – Religious rioting. |- |[[Hari a Ginin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya dake Abuja, 2011|2011 Abuja United Nations bombing]] |August 26, 2011 |116 |Islamists (Boko Haram) |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Federal Capital Territory]], [[Abuja]] – 312 injured; Boko Haram attacked a United Nations compound<ref name="NYTimes" /> |- |[[Hara-hare a Najeriya, Nuwamba 2011|2011 Damaturu attacks]] |November 4, 2011 |100-150 |Islamists (Boko Haram) |[[Yobe|Yobe State]], [[Damaturu]] – Islamic militants associated with Boko Haram attacked police stations and banks. |- |[[Rikicin Najeriya a Watan Disambar 2011|December 2011 Nigeria clashes]] |December 2011 |68+ |Boko Haram |[[Maiduguri]] and [[Damaturu]] – Militants associated with Boko Haram clashed with security forces between 22 and 23 December. |- |December 2011 Northern Nigeria attacks |December 25, 2011 |41+ |Islamists (Boko Haram) |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Federal Capital Territory]], [[Madalla]] – 73 injured;Militants bombed a Catholic church. |- |[[Hari a Arewacin Najeriya, Janairu 2012|January 5–6, 2012 Nigeria attacks]] |January 5–6, 2012 |37+ |Boko Haram |[[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]], [[Yola]], [[Gombi]], and [[Maiduguri]] – Terrorists attacked communities; [[Boko Haram]] claimed responsibility. |- |[[Hari a Arewacin Najeriya, Janairu 2012|January 20, 2012 Nigeria attacks]] |January 1, 2012 |185 |Boko Haram |[[Kano (jiha)|Kano State]], [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] – Terrorists attacked government installations including police stations and barracks, Immigration offices etc.; Boko Haram claimed responsibility. |- |[[Harin Bam a Kaduna Afrilu 2012|April 2012 Kaduna bombings]] |March 8, 2012 |38 |Boko Haram |Kaduna State, [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] – Terrorists bombed a community.<ref name="csm" /> |- |[[Tashin bama-bamai a cocin Kaduna Yuni 2012|June 2012 Kaduna church bombings]] |June 7, 2012 |12-19 |Boko Haram (suspected) |Kaduna State, [[Wusasa]], and [[Sabon Gari]] – 80 injured; Islamic terrorists bombed three churches. |- |[[Harbi a Cocin Deeper Life Bible Church|Deeper Life Church shooting]] |August 7, 2012 |19 |Three unidentified gunmen |Kogi State, [[Okene]] – Militants attacked a community. |- |[[Rikicin a Arewacin Najeriya, Disamba 2012|December 2012 shootings in Northern Nigeria]] |December 25, 2012 |27<ref>{{Cite web |last=llo |date=30 December 2012 |title=Vijftien christenen gedood in dorp Musari |url=http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=DMF20121230_00417937 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Het Nieuwsblad}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN Staff |date=25 December 2012 |title=12 killed in attacks on two churches in Nigeria - CNN.com |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/25/world/africa/nigeria-christmas-attack/?hpt=hp_t2 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=CNN}}</ref> |Boko Haram (suspected) |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Federal Capital Territory]], [[Abuja]] – Militants attacked a community. |- |[[Kisan gilla a Baga, 2013|2013 Baga massacre]] |April 19–20, 2013 |228+<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baga Massacre: Crimes against humanity by JTF? |url=http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/04/23/baga-massacre-crimes-against-humanity-by-nigerian-army/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512235508/http://www.nigeriaintel.com/2013/04/23/baga-massacre-crimes-against-humanity-by-nigerian-army/ |archive-date=12 May 2013 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Nigeria Intel}}</ref> |Nigerian army or Boko Haram |Borno State, [[Baga]] – Identity of the perpetrators remains unclear; some blame the Nigerian military while others blame the Islamic terrorist group Boko Haram. |- |[[Harin makarantan Jihar Yobe|Mamudo school massacre]], also known as Yobe State school shooting |July 6, 2013 |30<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=ADAMU |first=ADAMU |title=Boko Haram blamed after attack on Nigerian college leaves as many as 50 dead |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002234600/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/at-least-42-killed-18-injured-in-nigeria-college-attack-by-suspected-islamic-extremists/article14589188/ |archive-date=2 October 2013 |access-date=28 October 2013 |publisher=www.theglobeandmail.com}}</ref> |Boko Haram |Yobe State, Mamudo government secondary school – Suspected Boko Haram terrorists killed at least 41 children and one teacher. |- |Konduga mosque shooting |August 11, 2013 |44 |Boko Haram |[[Borno|Borno State]] – At least 44 Muslim worshippers were killed by Boko Haram militants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Withnall |first=Adam |date=13 August 2013 |title=Nigeria mosque attack: At least 56 dead in Islamist violence |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigeria-mosque-attack-at-least-56-dead-in-islamist-violence-8759713.html# |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=The Independent}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan gilla a Benisheik|Benisheik massacre]] |September 18, 2013 |159 |Boko Haram |[[Borno|Borno State]] |- |[[Kisan gilla a kwalejin Gujba|Gujba college massacre]] |September 29, 2013 |50 |Islamists (Boko Haram) suspected |[[Yobe|Yobe State]], Gujba Yobe school – At 1:00&nbsp;a.m. suspected gunmen from Boko Haram entered the male dormitory in the College of Agriculture in [[Gujba]], killing at least forty-four students and teachers.<ref name="auto" /> |- |[[Kisan gilla a Kawuri|Kawuri massacre]] |January 11, 2014 |85 |Islamists (Boko Haram) |[[Borno|Borno State]], [[Konduga|Konduga Local Government]] – Attack by Boko Haram. |- |[[Kisan gilla a Konduga, Fabrairu 2014|February 2014 Konduga massacre]] |February 2, 2014 |39 |Boko Haram |Borno State, [[Konduga]] – About 39 people are believed to have been killed in an attack by Militants on a Nigerian town. Local residents said the attack on [[Konduga]], Borno, lasted several hours, beginning shortly before sundown with the arrival of gunmen in 4x4 trucks. A [[Masallaci|mosque]] and more than 1,000 homes were razed to the ground, residents said. |- |[[Hari a Izghe|Izghe attack]] |February 15, 2014 |106 |Boko Haram |[[Borno|Borno State]] |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Buni Yadi, Fabrairu 2014|Federal Government College Buni Yadi attack]] |February 25, 2014 |59 |Boko Haram |[[Yobe|Yobe State]], Federal Government College Buni Yadi – Islamist gunmen killed 59 students at a boarding school in Yobe State. |- |[[Harin bam a Nyanya, Afrilu 2014|April 2014 Nyanya bombing]] |April 14, 2014 |71 |Boko Haram |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Federal Capital Territory]], Abuja – Two bombs exploded in a crowded bus station in the outskirts of Abuja, Nigeria.<ref name="bp1">{{Cite web |title=71 killed in a Bomb Blast at a Bus Station in Nigeria |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/71-killed-in-a-bomb-blast-at-a-bus-station-in-nigeria/ |access-date=14 April 2014 |website=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan gilla a Gamboru Ngala, 2014|2014 Gamboru Ngala massacre]] |May 6, 2014 |300+ |Boko Haram |[[Borno|Borno State]], Gamboru – Militants attacked at night and set houses ablaze. When people tried to escape, they were shot dead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 200 killed in Boko Haram Led Attack in Nigerian Town |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/over-200-killed-in-boko-haram-led-attack-in-nigerian-town/ |access-date=7 May 2014 |website=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |archive-date=26 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526220846/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/over-200-killed-in-boko-haram-led-attack-in-nigerian-town/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Kisan gilla a Gwoza|Gwoza massacre]] |June 2, 2014 |200-300 |Islamists (Boko Haram) suspected |Borno State, [[Gwoza]] – Boko Haram attack on Christian villagers |- |[[Harin Kano, 2014|2014 Kano bombing]] |June 23, 2014 |200+ |Boko Haram |Kano State, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] – Dozens of people were killed in a bomb blast at Kano State School of Hygiene. The blast was attributed to militant group [[Boko Haram]] by the locals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dozens killed in Bomb Explosion in Nigerian medical school |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/dozens-killed-in-bomb-explosion-in-nigeria-medical-school/ |access-date=23 June 2014 |website=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com}}</ref> |- |[[Rikicin ranar Qudus a Zariya|Zaria Quds Day massacres]] |July 25–26, 2014 |34 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2014 |title=Nigeria Report: The Zaria Massacres And The Role Of The Military |url=https://www.ihrc.org.uk/publications/reports/11219-nigeria-report-the-zaria-massacres-and-the-role-of-the-military/}}</ref> |Nigerian Army |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] |- |[[Harin Kano, 2014|2014 Kano attack]] |November 28, 2014 |100+ |Boko Haram |[[Kano (birni)|Kano]], Kano State – More 100 people were killed in a mosque in Kano. |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Baga, 2015|2015 Baga massacre]] |January 3–7, 2015 |At least 100, over 2,000 "unaccounted for" |Boko Haram |[[Borno|Borno State]], [[Baga]] |- |2015-2016 Killing of Biafran Protesters |August 30, 2015 to February 9, 2016 |80+ |Nigerian Army, Nigerian security forces |[[Anambra|Anambra State]] ([[Onitsha]]), [[Abiya|Abia State]] ([[Aba]]) and [[Kasar Inyamurai|Igboland]] – Over 80 protesters agitating for the secession of the Biafran region from Nigeria have been killed en masse by Nigerian security operatives, while more than 400 others have been arrested, detained or imprisoned<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2016 |title=Biafra will not stand, Buhari vows - Vanguard News |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/biafra-security-forces-killed-80-ipob-members-rights-coalition/ |access-date=22 April 2018 |website=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> |- |October 2015 Maiduguri bombing |October 15, 2015 |39 |Boko Haram |Maiduguri, Borno State – Three female suicide bombers detonated a mosque, killing 39 people. |- |[[Rikicin Zariya na 2015|2015 Zaria massacre]] |December 12–13, 2015 |700-1000 |Nigerian Army |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] – Nigerian army open fire on the Shiite minority when they were conducting a religious procession.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2015 |title=Zaria Carnage: Close to 1000 Shias killed by Nigeria Army - Says Islamic Movement spokesman |url=http://en.abna24.com/service/africa/archive/2015/12/15/724986/story.html |access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (July 2021)">unreliable source?</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> |- |[[Harin Ƙuna Baƙin Wake a Dikwa|Dikwa suicide bombings]] |February 9, 2016 |60+ |[[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]], 2 female Boko Haram suicide bombers |Borno State, Dikwa, refugee camp – Five suicide bombers infiltrated the camp disguised as refugees. Two set off their bombs as internally displaced persons were queuing for rations. More than 60 were killed and 78 others injured. |- |[[Harin bam a Maiduguri, Maris 2016|March 2016 Maiduguri bombings]] |March 16, 2016 |24+ |Boko Haram |Borno State – Two female suicide bombers detonated a mosque in Maiduguri, killing 24 Muslim worshippers and injuring 18 others during dawn prayers. |- |[[Harin Bom a Mubi, 2017|2017 Mubi bombing]] |November 21, 2017 |27–50 |Boko Haram (suspected) |[[Adamawa|Adamawa State]] – Dozens of Muslim worshippers were killed by a suicide attack during morning prayers in [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]], Adamawa. According to a police spokesman, 50 people were killed while a reporter on the ground claimed that 27 were killed, all of them were men and boys.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maclean |first=Ruth |date=21 November 2017 |title=Nigeria mosque attack: suicide bomber kills dozens |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/21/nigeria-mosque-attack-teenage-suicide-bomber-kills-at-least-50 |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> |- |[[Harin ƙuna baƙin wake a Mubi, 2018|2018 Mubi suicide bombings]] |May 1, 2018 |86+ |Boko Haram (suspected) |Adamawa State – At least 86 Muslim worshippers were killed in mosque by a suicide bomber. |- |2018 Konduga mosque bombing |July 23, 2018 |11+ |Suicide bombers from Boko Haram |Borno State – Eleven Muslim worshippers were killed in a suicide attack by Boko Haram while eight others were injured in the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2018 |title=At least 11 killed as suicide attack hits Nigerian mosque |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/23/c_137343229.htm |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=[[Xinhuanet]]}}</ref> |- |[[Harin bom a Konduga, 2019|2019 Konduga bombings]] |June 16, 2019 |30+ |Suicide bombers (3) |Borno State, Konduga Local Government Area – A series of suicide bombings killed at least 30 civilians and injured at least 40.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-17 |title=UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria Strongly Condemns Suicide Attack, Killing at Least 30 Civilians in Borno State - Nigeria {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/un-humanitarian-coordinator-nigeria-strongly-condemns-suicide-attack-killing-least-30 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[Hari a Gamboru, 2020|2020 Gamboru bombing]] |January 6, 2020 |38 |Suicide bombers |Borno State, [[Gamboru]] – The attack killed 38 and injured 30. |- |2020 Lekki shooting |October 20, 2020 |More than 12 dead, hundreds severely injured according to Amnesty International, disputed by government. Also, few people were still missing days after the massacre. A development which backed up the claim by eyewitnesses that the army took some corpses after the shooting. |Nigerian Army |[[Lagos (jiha)|Lagos State]], Lekki Toll Gate – Nigerian army opened fire on peaceful protesters at the Lekki Toll Gate while they were peacefully seated, singing the National anthem and proudly waving their flags. |- |[[Kisan Kiyashin Koshebe|Koshebe massacre]] |November 28, 2020 |76 |Boko Haram |Borno State, Jere, [[Maiduguri]] – Boko Haram militants massacred 76 farmers. The attacks were carried out in retribution for farmers cooperating with the Nigerian military.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Boko Haram killed 76 farmers in Borno State |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nigeria-boko-haram-killed-76-farmers-in-borno-state/a-55792576 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Jihar Plateau, 2022|2022 Plateau State massacres]] |April 10, 2022 |150+ |[[Fulani]] bandits from [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]] |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], 9 villages in the [[Kanam (Nijeriya)|Kanam]] and [[Wase]] [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|local government areas]]. |- |[[Harin cocin Owo|Owo church attack]] |5 June 2022 |40-80 estimated |Islamists / herdsmen |Mass shooting and bomb attack of Catholic church in Owo, [[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo State]]. |- |[[Kisan gillar Jihar Plateau 2023|2023 Plateau State massacres]] |December 23–25, 2023 |~200 |[[Fulani]] militia suspected |Plateau State, 17 rural communities in the regions of [[Bokkos]] and [[Barkin Ladi]]. |- |2024 Gadan mosque attack |May 16, 2024 |8 |Lone wolf attack |Gadan, [[Kano (jiha)|Kano State]] – A 38-year-old resident of the village attacked the mosque confessed that it was “purely in hostility following (a) prolonged family disagreement". Eight worshippers were killed while 16 others, including four children, were injured by the attack. |- |2024 Konduga massacre |August 1, 2024 |19 |Boko Haram |Borno State, Konduga Local Government Area – About 19 civilians were killed and dozens injured in a suicide bombing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bankole |first=Idowu |date=2024-08-01 |title=Boko Haram suicide attack kills 19, Iinjures dozens in Borno village |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/08/boko-haram-suicide-attack-kills-19-iinjures-dozens-in-borno-village/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2024 Gwoza bombings |June 29, 2024 |32 |Suicide bombers (3+) |Borno State, Gwoza |- |[[Kisan kiyashi na Tarmuwa|Tarmuwa massacre]] |September 3, 2024 |130 |Boko Haram |Yobe State |- |2025 Lake Chad massacre |January 14, 2025 |40–100+ |[[Kasashen Musulunci - Nahiyar Yammacin Afirka|Islamic State West Africa Province]] (ISWAP) or [[Boko Haram]] (reports vary) |Borno State, Dumba, Lake Chad region – Jihadists executed farmers from the region of Gwoza and fishermen. Lake Chad is used as a base by Boko Haram and ISWAP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |first=Staff Writer With |date=2025-01-14 |title=Jihadists Kill at Least 40 Farmers in Northeast Nigeria |url=https://thedefensepost.com/2025/01/14/jihadists-kill-farmers-nigeria/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=The Defense Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Nigeria: Boko Haram must end vicious killing spree |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/01/nigeria-boko-haram-must-end-vicious-killing-spree/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> |- |2025 Plateau State massacres |March 24 and 27, April 2 and 13, 2025 |126 |Muslim Fulani |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], Ruwe, Bokkos, Kimakpa and Zike – Organized attacks killed more than 100 people from Christian villages. Houses were burned and many people injured and raped. 7000 people fled from the violent attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbaoron |first=Nathaniel |date=2025-04-14 |title=Forty-seven killed in Sunday night attack on Plateau |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/forty-seven-killed-in-sunday-night-attack-on-plateau/ |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=None spared in Nigeria gun, machete massacre: survivors |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250416-none-spared-in-nigeria-gun-machete-massacre-survivors |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gov Mutfwang declares war on terror as 51 killed in Plateau massacre {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/mutfwang-declares-war-on-terror-51-killed-in-plateau-massacre-2025041504182044981 |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |Karim Lamido massacre |May 24, 2025 |42 |Fulani herdsmen |In Karim Lamido local government area of [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba State]], 42 killed (inc 24 United Methodists), 60 homes destroyed and 5000+ displaced <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Armed gangs kill dozens in northeast – DW – 05/25/2025 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/nigeria-armed-gangs-kill-dozens-in-northeast/a-72661189 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2025 |title=Herdsmen slaughter 42 Christians in Taraba state, Nigeria |url=https://www.christiandaily.com/news/herdsmen-slaughter-42-christians-in-taraba-state-nigeria}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashi na Yelwata|Yelwata massacre]] |June 13–14, 2025 |100–200+ |Fulani herdsmen |Benue State, Yelewata – Gunmen attacked Christian villagers at the village of Yelewata, killing more than 100 people. A number of houses were set alight and destroyed in the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-16 |title=Benue killings: Tinubu to visit Benue, as IG of Police and General Musa land in Yelwata |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cg5v59ldrr1o |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SHIBAYAN |first=DYEPKAZAH |date=15 June 2025 |title=At least 100 people killed by gunmen in north-central Nigeria, rights group says |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/100-people-killed-gunmen-north-central-nigeria-rights-122850389 |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-18 |title='Babies Were Burned': Muslim Gunmen Massacre up to 200 Christians in Nigeria |url=https://cbn.com/news/world/babies-were-burned-muslim-gunmen-massacre-200-christians-nigeria |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[Christian Broadcasting Network]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |Darul Jamal, Borno State |Sept 5, 2025 |63+ |Boko Haram |Jihadist group killed 60+ people including 5 soldiers in an overnight attack in village with a military base near Nigeria-Cameroon border. |} === Hare-haren 'yan fashi === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="width:75px;" |Ranar ! style="width:75px;" |Mutuwa ! style="width:120px;" |Ya shiga ciki ! class="unsortable" |Wurin - Yanayi |- |{{Sort|2019-05-21|May 5, 2019}} |23 |~100 'yan fashi |[[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]], [[Kaura Namoda]] - mutane 23 ne aka kashe a wani hari da 'yan fashi suka kai a kauyukan Tunga da Kabaje a [[Kaura Namoda]] LGA, bayan mutuwar abokinsu da ake zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2019 |title=Bandits kill 23 people in Zamfara fresh attack - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/332127-bandits-kill-23-people-in-zamfara-fresh-attack.html}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2019-06-08,09|June 8–9, 2019}} |25 |An kama 'yan fashi da yawa, 4 |[[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]], [[Rabah]] - Kalhu, Tsage da ƙauyukan Geeri a cikin Rabah LGA 'yan fashi ne suka kai musu hari da dare. Harin ya ci gaba har zuwa safe, inda ya kashe mutane 25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2019 |title=25 killed in Sokoto bandit attacks |url=https://punchng.com/25-killed-in-sokoto-bandit-attacks/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2019 |title=Four arrested as bandits kill 25 in Sokoto |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/four-arrested-as-bandits-kill-25-in-sokoto.html |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2019-06-09|June 9, 2019}} |16 |Yawancin 'yan fashi |Jihar Zamfara, [[Maru (Nijeriya)|Maru]] - mutane 16 da ke murna da [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] 'yan fashi da ba a san su ba ne suka kashe su a cikin al'ummar Kanoma na Maru LGA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2019 |title=Zamfara: Bandits Kill 16, Injure 14 In Sallah Day Massacre …Gov Suspends Emir, District Head Over Killings |url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2019/06/07/zamfara-bandits-kill-16-injure-14-in-sallah-day-massacre-gov-suspends-emir-district-head-over-killings/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2019 |title=Insecurity: 21 killed, 12 missing in various attacks across Nigeria last week |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/334128-insecurity-21-killed-12-missing-in-various-attacks-across-nigeria-last-week.html}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2019-06-09|June 9, 2019}} |18 |An kama 'yan fashi 4, |Jihar Sokoto, Satiru - 'yan fashi sun kai hari kauyen Satiru na jihar Sokoto, inda suka kashe mutane 18.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Gangs kill dozens in series of attacks in northern Nigeria |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/gangs-kill-dozens-series-attacks-northern-nigeria-190610134420260.html |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2019 |title=Nigerian gangs kill 43 in attacks |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/06/11/nigerian-gangs-kill-43-in-attacks/ |website=Borneo Post Online}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2019-06-09|June 9, 2019}} |An tabbatar da mutuwar 47 |'Yan fashi |[[Neja|Jihar Nijar]], [[Shiroro]] - An kai hari kan kauyuka takwas na noma da kiwo a [[Shiroro]] LGA a ranar 9 ga Yuni da 'yan fashi, wadanda suka sace shanu 525. Hukumar Kula da Gaggawa ta Jihar Nijar ta tabbatar da gano gawawwakin 47. Sakataren Dindindin na Jihar Nijar na majalisar ministoci da tsaro, Aliyu Isah Ekan, ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe mutane 12 kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Nigeria: Bandit Attacks in Shiroro |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201906190668.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1" /> Sanata David Uamru ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe mutane 70.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 14, 2019 |title=Niger bandit attacks: Death toll now 70 — Senator |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/niger-bandit-attacks-death-toll-now-70-senator.html |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2019-06-14|June 6, 2019}} |34 |'Yan fashi |Jihar Zamfara, [[Shinkafi]] - 'Yan sanda sun tabbatar da mutuwar mutane 34 a wani hari na' yan fashi a kan Tungar Kafau da Gidan Wawa a [[Shinkafi]] LGA . |- |{{Sort|2020-04-18|April 18, 2020}} |47 |'Yan fashi |[[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] - Kisan kiyashi da fashi a wurare uku. Dubi kuma: [[Harin Katsina na Afrilu 2020|Hare-haren Katsina na Afrilu 2020]] |- |{{Sort|2020-05-03,05|May 3–5, 2020}} |4 |Fulani |An rufe makarantar sakandare ta Plateau State - Messiah College saboda COVID-19, amma maharan sun mamaye gidan shugaban makarantar. An harbe shi a kai, yayin da aka harbe matarsa a baya kuma aka harbe 'ya'yansa biyu a ƙafafun. Sun tsira daga raunukan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2020 |title=Suspected Fulani raid Christian school in Nigeria; 4 believers killed in another attack |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/suspected-fulani-raid-christian-school-in-nigeria-4-believers-killed-in-another-attack.html |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=www.christianpost.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2021-06-03|June 3, 2021}} |88 |'Yan fashi da yawa a kan babura |Jihar Kebbi - 'yan fashi sun kai hari kan kauyuka bakwai inda suka kashe mutane 88.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cattle thieves kill 88 in northwest Nigeria massacre |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2021/06/06/cattle-thieves-kill-88-in-northwest-nigeria-massacre.html |website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2021-06-05|June 5, 2021}} |50 |'Yan fashi |Jihar Oyo - A ƙauyen Igangan, ƙungiyar 'yan fashi sun mamaye kuma sun kashe mutane 50.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Igangan killings: 50 dead, North wants war in Nigeria – Gani Adams |url=https://parrotnews247.com/2021/06/igangan-killings/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710010223/https://parrotnews247.com/2021/06/igangan-killings/ |archive-date=2021-07-10 |access-date=2021-07-03}}</ref> |- |{{Sort|2022-01-04,06|January 4–6, 2022}} |200+ |'Yan fashi |Jihar Zamfara - 'yan fashi sun kaddamar da kamfen na kisan gilla a kan fararen hula, wanda ya haifar da mummunan rauni. |- |Afrilu 10, 2022 |150+ |'Yan fashi |Jihar Plateau - [[Kisan kiyashi a Jihar Plateau, 2022|Kisan kiyashi na Jihar Plateau na 2022]] yana da alaƙa da rikice-rikicen 'yan fashi na Najeriya. |- |Mayu 6, 2022 |48 |'Yan fashi |[[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]] - 'yan fashi sun kai hari kauyukan Damri, Sabon Garin da Kalahe a Zamfara, inda suka kashe akalla mutane 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gunmen kill 48 in northwest Nigeria attacks: local official |url=https://news.yahoo.com/gunmen-kill-48-northwest-nigeria-151635294.html |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-08 |title=Dozens killed in attacks in northwest Nigeria, local official says |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220508-dozens-killed-in-attacks-in-northwest-nigeria-local-official-says |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-08 |title=Bandits Kill Around 50 In Fresh Zamfara Attacks |url=https://koko.ng/bandits-kill-around-50-in-fresh-zamfara-attacks/ |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=Koko Tv |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516162545/https://koko.ng/bandits-kill-around-50-in-fresh-zamfara-attacks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Satumba 24, 2022 |15 |'Yan fashi |Ruwan Jema, [[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]] - Wata kungiya ta 'yan fashi da ke dauke da makamai ta kashe akalla mutane 15 a cikin masallaci yayin addu'o'in Jumma'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2022 |title=Armed Bandits Kill 15 at Mosque in Northwest Nigeria – Residents Say |url=https://www.voanews.com/armed-bandits-kill-15-at-mosque-in-northwest-nigeria-residents-say-/6761811.html |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> |- |18 ga Yuli, 2025 |9 |'Yan fashi |[[Zamfara|Jihar Zamfara]] - Akalla mutane 9 sun mutu, mutane da yawa sun sace, ciki har da mata da yara, a cikin 'yan fashi' a arewa maso yammacin Jihar Zam fara a Najeriya. [20] Akalla mutane 9 ne suka mutu, mutane da yawa sun sace, ciki har da mata da yara, a harin 'yan fashi' a arewa maso yammacin jihar Zamfara a Najeriya. |- |19 ga Agusta, 2025 |50 |'Yan fashi |[[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] - 'Yan bindiga sun mamaye wani masallaci a ƙauyen Unguwan Mantau, inda suka kashe masu bautar musulmi 50. 'Yan sanda na Jihar Katsina sun bayyana cewa kisan kiyashi "harin fansa" ne bayan mazauna yankin sun yi kwanton bauna kuma sun kashe wasu "yan fashi" kwanaki biyu da suka gabata. 'Yan fashi sun sace wasu mutane 60. |- |Satumba 28, 2025 |15 |'Yan fashi |[[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] - An kashe "masu tsaron daji" goma sha biyar - masu tsaron gida / mafarauta - kuma an sace mazauna ƙauyen a wani hari na 'yan fashi' a cikin al'ummar Oke-Ode na Karamar Hukumar Ifelodun a Jihar Kwar, arewa maso tsakiyar Najeriya.[23][24] An kashe "masu tsaron daji" goma sha biyar - masu tsaron gida / masu farauta - kuma an sace mazauna ƙauyen a wani hari na 'yan fashi' a cikin al'ummar Oke-Ode na yankin karamar hukuma na Ifelodun a jihar Kwara, arewa maso tsakiyar Najeriya. |} === Rikicin makiyayi da manomi da rikicin al'umma === Dubi kuma: [[Rikicin makiyaya da manoma a Najeriya|Rikicin makiyayi da manomi a Najeriya]] da Rikicin Jama'a a Najeriya[[Rikicin gama gari a Najeriya|Rikicin al'umma a Najeriya]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="width:120px;" |Name ! data-sort-type="date" style="width:65px;" |Date ! style="width:75px;" |Deaths ! style="width:75px;" |Involved ! class="unsortable" |Location – Circumstances |- |Herder-farmer conflict |{{Sort|2018-06-25|June 25, 2018}} |86 |Christian farmers and Muslim herders |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]] – Riots in [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] between Muslim herders and Christian farmers. Total 86 dead. |- |Communal conflict |{{Sort|2018-10-19|October 19, 2018}} |55 |Christian [[Harshen Adara|Adara]] and Hausa Muslim youths |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]] – A market dispute led to the deaths of two people. In return a communal conflict erupted, Adaras attacked [[Hausawa|Hausa]], killing dozens. The riots left a total of 55 people dead.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Curfew declared in Nigerian city after deadly sectarian violence |url=https://www.nation.co.kehttps//www.nation.co.ke/dailynation/news/africa/curfew-declared-in-nigerian-city-after-deadly-sectarian-violence-100878 |website=Daily Nation }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Communal conflict |{{Sort|2019-01-16|January 16, 2019}} |Unknown |[[Jukunawa|Jukun]] and [[Tiv]] attackers |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], [[Guma (Nijeriya)|Guma]] – Many people were killed amidst a communal conflict between Jukun and Tiv people in [[Guma (Nijeriya)|Guma]] LGA of [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Panel on Tiv/Jukun clashes in Benue begins sitting |url=https://punchng.com/panel-on-tiv-jukun-clashes-in-benue-begins-sitting/}}</ref> |- |Herder-farmer conflict |{{Sort|2019-01-28|January 28, 2019}} |7 herders |Vigilantes |[[Zamfara|Zamfara State]] – Seven herders were burnt by a team of vigilantes alongside their cows.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2019 |title=Gunmen kill 26 in seven villages in Zamfara state, northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2019/02/05/nigeria-gunmen-kill-26-zamfara-mada-bukkuyum/}}</ref> |- |Herder-farmer conflict |{{Sort|2019-02-04|February 4, 2019}} |26 |Herders (suspected) |[[Zamfara|Zamfara State]] – 7 villages in Zamfara State were attacked and 26 killed in suspected revenge for killing of seven herders a week before.<ref name="auto3" /> |- |[[Kisan kiyashi a Jihar Kaduna, 2019|2019 Kaduna State massacre]] |{{Sort|2019-02-10|February 10, 2019}} |141 (130 Fulani and 11 Adara) |Fulani herdsmen and Adara militia |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Kajuru]] – Part of the communal violence leading up to the 2019 election. The government said 130 Fulani were killed,. 11 Adara were also killed. [[Miyetti Allah]] said 66 Fulani were buried and 65 remain missing.<ref name="urlMiyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=Miyetti Allah releases names of 131 victims of Kajuru, Kaduna violence - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/314665-miyetti-allah-releases-names-of-131-victims-of-kajuru-kaduna-violence.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okunloye |first=Busayo |date=March 16, 2019 |title=Kajuru Killings: Miyetti Allah Says 'Adara' Militia Group's At Work |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2019/03/16/kajuru-killings-miyetti-allah-says-adara-militia-groups-at-work/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Kemi |date=March 16, 2019 |title=SPECIAL REPORT: After attacks, Kajuru villagers tell tales of pains, sorrow |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/320283-special-report-after-attacks-kajuru-villagers-tell-tales-of-pains-sorrow.html}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-02-20|February 20, 2019}} |17 |Fulani herdsmen |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], Ebete, [[Agatu]] – 17 people were killed in an attack by militants on Ebete in [[Agatu]] LGA of [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2019 |title=Herdsmen Kill 17 Persons in Benue |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/02/20/again-herdsmen-kill-17-persons-in-benue/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-02-26|February 26, 2019}} |40 Adara |Fulani herdsmen |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], Karamai, [[Kajuru]] – At least 29 people were reported to be killed in an attack in Karamai community of Kajuru. The attack was suspected to be from Fulani in retaliation to the earlier violence where Fulani settlements were attacked. The governor confirmed a few days later that the death toll had risen to 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title=29 killed as ethnic violence grips NW Nigeria |url=https://news.yahoo.com/29-killed-ethnic-violence-grips-nw-nigeria-153955965.html |website=news.yahoo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=Death Toll From Kaduna Attack Rises To 40 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/03/02/death-toll-from-kaduna-attack-rises-to-40/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-02|March 2, 2019}} |16 farmers |Fulani herdsmen |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], [[Gwer ta Yamma|Gwer West]] – Herdsmen killed 16 in an attack on [[Gwer ta Yamma|Gwer West]] LGA. The government blamed the attack on allegations of theft of cows by livestock guards made by the military. Residents said the herdsmen brought along many cattle and took over their lands for grazing after killing people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=16 farmers Killed in Benue By Herdsmen |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/276254/16-farmers-killed-in-benue-by-herdsmen.html |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeyemi |first=Adeola |date=March 4, 2019 |title=Suspected herdsmen kill 16 in fresh attack on Benue community |url=https://www.legit.ng/1225258-suspected-herdsmen-kill-16-fresh-attack-benue-community.html |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-07|March 7, 2019}} |20 [[Yaren Basa a Najeriya|Bassa Kwomu]] |Egburra Mozum militia |[[Jihar Kogi|Kogi State]], [[Bassa (Kogi)|Bassa]] – 20 Bassa Kwomu were killed in an attack by an Egburra Mozum militia in [[Bassa (Kogi)|Bassa LGA]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi State]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tide |first=The |date=8 March 2019 |title=20 Killed In Kogi Communal Clashes |url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2019/03/08/20-killed-in-kogi-communal-clashes/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-10|March 10, 2019}} |16-35 |Adara Militants |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], Aungwan Barde, [[Kajuru]] – Police have put the death toll at 16 in attack by suspected militants. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 35 killed.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2019 |title=Herdsmen Kill 85 People in Kaduna Communities |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/13/herdsmen-kill-85-people-in-kaduna-communities/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-10|March 10, 2019}} |17 |Unknown |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], [[Birnin Gwari]] – 17 vigilantes were ambushed and killed by unidentified gunmen in the mainly Muslim area of [[Birnin Gwari]] as they stole cattle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oladele |first=David |date=March 14, 2019 |title=Police confirm killing of 17, embark on aerial surveillance of flash-points |url=https://www.legit.ng/1227442-police-confirm-killing-17-embark-aerial-surveillance-flash-points.html |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cattle thieves kill 17 in NW Nigeria: police |url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/africa/nigeria/cattle-thieves-kill-17-in-nw-nigeria-police/ar-BBUOqpw |website=[[MSN]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2019 |title=Smart voters, NBC's sanctions, and ethnic bashing |url=https://punchng.com/smart-voters-nbcs-sanctions-and-ethnic-bashing/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-11|March 11, 2019}} |16-52 Adara |Fulani herdsmen |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], Maro, [[Kajuru]] – The police have put the death toll at 16 in an attack by suspected herdsmen in Kajuru. However, the Adara Development Association has claimed an upwards of 52 killed in Inkirimi and Dogonnoma villages in Maro. Another version of the attack by a source claimed 46 people were killed in Aungwan Gamu. The police have however not confirmed the claims.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akhaine |first=Saxone |last2=Alabi |first2=Abdulganiyu |date=March 13, 2019 |title=Nigeria: Community, Police Differ On Casualties in Kaduna Attacks |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201903130092.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-16|March 16, 2019}} |10 Adara |Fulani herdsmen |[[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna State]], Nandu-Gbok, [[Sanga|Sanga LGA]] – 10 people were confirmed killed in Nandu-Gbok village of Sanga LGA after an attack by suspected Fulani herdsmen. Residents suspect it is in revenge for an earlier attack where they say at least 11 cows and 28 sheep belonging to Fulani were slaughtered in the same area before the election.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2019 |title=Fresh Herdsmen Attack Claims 10 in Kaduna Community |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/17/fresh-herdsmen-attack-claims-10-in-kaduna-community/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tauna |first=Amos |date=March 16, 2019 |title=10 killed, 30 houses set ablaze as gunmen raid Southern Kaduna |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/03/16/10-killed-30-houses-set-ablaze-gunmen-raid-southern-kaduna/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-17|March 17, 2019}} |4 |Ikwo militias |[[Cross River|Cross Rivers State]], [[Biase]] – Four people were killed in an attack on communities of [[Biase]] LGA of [[Cross River|Cross River State]] by Ikwo warlords in revenge for burning down of their communities.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2019 |title=4 killed, 3 villages sacked in Cross River communal clash |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/4-killed-3-villages-sacked-in-cross-river-communal-clash/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2019 |title=4 C'River communities razed in communal conflict |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/4-criver-communities-razed-in-communal-conflict/}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-18|March 18, 2019}} |Several Agbaduma people |Militia hired by [[Mutanen Egba|Egba]], Abogbe and Ologba |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], [[Agatu]] – Several persons were killed during a communal conflict that erupted over ownership of lands. The police has stated that militiamen hired by [[Mutanen Egba|Egba]], Abogbe and Ologba people attacked the Okokolo area inhabited by Agbaduma people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duru |first=Peter |date=March 19, 2019 |title=Nigeria: Many Feared Dead, Scores Injured, Houses Razed in Fresh Agatu Communal Clash |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201903190047.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> |- |Unnamed |{{Sort|2019-03-19|March 19, 2019}} |5-10 |Militants |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]], [[Guma (Nijeriya)|Guma]] – The Nigerian police have said five people were recorded as having died in a suspected herdsman attack in Tse Ioreleegeb village, part of Guma LGA of Benue State. The Guma LGA chairman has claimed 10 were killed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ososanya |first=Tunde |date=March 21, 2019 |title=10 reportedly feared dead in Benue state as herdsmen strike again |url=https://www.legit.ng/1228873-herdsmen-reportedly-strike-benue-kill-10.html |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2019 |title=10 feared dead in fresh herdsmen attack on Guma LGA of Benue |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/03/10-feared-dead-in-fresh-herdsmen-attack-on-guma-lga-of-benue/}}</ref> |- |Communal conflict |{{Sort|2019-03-19|March 19, 2019}} |5 |Iceland group (suspected) |[[Jihar Rivers|Rivers State]], [[Khana]] – Five people were confirmed to have been killed by suspected Iceland group members in a cult attack on Kono Boue in Khana LGA. The cause is suspected to be retaliation for killing of their member.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2019 |title=16 dead as cult war resumes in Rivers |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/16-dead-as-cult-war-resumes-in-rivers/}}</ref> |- |Communal conflict |{{Sort|2019-03-26|March 26, 2019}} |5 |Christian and Muslim youth |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]], [[Jos ta Arewa|Jos North]] – Intercommunal violence occurred between Christian and Muslim youth. According to a resident, after the discovery of two dead boys from Angwan Miango over the past week at the border between it and Rikkos, a Hausa community, the people went on reprisal killings against Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Tension In Jos As Reprisal Attack Kills Many, Houses Burnt |url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/05/27/tension-jos-reprisal-attack-kills-many-houses-burnt |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2019 |title=Scores killed, many injured as fresh violence erupts in Jos |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/scores-killed-many-injured-as-fresh-violence-erupts-jos/}}</ref> Five people were killed as a result in the ensuing clashes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2019 |title=Five people killed, 12 houses burnt in fresh Plateau crisis - Police - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/331938-five-people-killed-12-houses-burnt-in-fresh-plateau-crisis-police.html}}</ref> Arewa Christians and Indigenous Pastors Association, however, claimed deaths of 30 Christians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2019 |title=Arewa pastors say 30 Christians killed in Jos attacks |url=https://punchng.com/arewa-pastors-say-30-christians-killed-in-jos-attacks/}}</ref> Federal Government of Nigeria has introduce RUGA settlement[usurped] to cub conflicts between the Herdsmen and Farmer in Plateau State.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nurdeans |date=2019-07-02 |title=RUGA SETTLEMENT IS TO RESOLVE FARMER/HERDER CONFLICTS – PRESIDENCY |url=https://www.newsliveng.com/2019/07/02/ruga-settlement-resolve-farmer-herder-conflicts-presidency/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702075138/https://www.newsliveng.com/2019/07/02/ruga-settlement-resolve-farmer-herder-conflicts-presidency/ |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |access-date=2019-07-02 |website=NAIJA NEWS TODAY & LATEST BREAKING NEWS ™ |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Communal conflict |{{Sort|2020-4-12|April 12, 2020}} |12 |Militants |[[Neja|Niger state]], Shiroro County, Tegina Kabata – 12 people killed during the wedding with five people captured including the bride and groom.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-29 |title=Couple Abducted from Wedding in Attacks in Northwest Nigeria that Kill 12 Christians |url=https://morningstarnews.org/2020/04/couple-abducted-from-wedding-in-attacks-in-northwest-nigeria-that-kill-12-christians/ |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=Morningstar News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashi na Odugbeho|Odugbeho massacre]] |June 7, 2021 |40+ |Fulani herdsmen |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] |- |2021 Mashegu mosque massacre |December 10, 2021 |16 |Fulani herdsmen |[[Neja|Niger State]] – Fulani gunmen killed 16 Hausa worshippers and kidnapped several others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2021 |title=Gunmen Attack Mosque in Nigeria's Troubled North, Killing 16 |url=https://www.voanews.com/gunmen-attack-mosque-in-nigeria-s-troubled-north/6348779.html |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=Voice of America |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> |- |[[Kisan kiyashi na Nasarawa na 2021|2021 Nasarawa massacre]] |{{Sort|2021-12-20|December 20, 2021}} |50 |Fulani herdsmen |[[Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] – At least 50 Tiv civilians were killed in Nasarawa state, due to Fulani herdersmen blaming Tiv farmers for the killings of a kinsman. |- |[[Harin cocin Owo|Owo church attack]] |May 5, 2022 |50 |[[Kasashen Musulunci - Nahiyar Yammacin Afirka|ISWAP]] or [[Fulani Makiyaya|Fulani herdsmen]] (disputed) |[[Ondo (jiha)|Ondo State]] – Over 50 people were killed in a massacre carried out in a [[Harin cocin Owo|Catholic Church on Pentecost Sunday]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ACN |date=2022-06-07 |title=ACN statement about the Pentecost massacre in St. Francis Xavier Church in Owo, Nigeria |url=https://acninternational.org/massacre-in-owo-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=ACN International |language=en-US}}</ref> The Government has blamed ISWAP for the murders, but locals suspect Fulani Herdsmen. |- |[[2023 Rikicin Mangu|2023 Mangu violence]] |May 15–16, 2023 |130–200+ |Fulani herdsmen |[[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau State]] |- |[[Kisan kiyashi na Jihar Edo|Edo State Massacre]] |March 28, 2025 |16 |Mob |[[Edo|Edo State]] - Group of 16 [[Hausawa|Hausa]] hunters lynched by mob. |- |Bassa LGA, Plateau |Apr  14, 2025 |40–51 |herders |night attack by suspected herders in farming villages of Zike & Kimakpa (Bassa LGA) |- |Otukpo LGA, Benue State |Apr  18, 2025 |11+ |Herders |Suspected herdsmen attacks on Emichi, Odudaje, Okpamaju, Benue State (Vanguard link) |- |Guma, Logo, Ukum, Kwande LGAs |May 10, 2025 |23 |Fulani herders |[[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] – Eight people were killed in Ukum, nine in nearby Logo, three each in Guma and Kwande.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=At least 23 killed in attacks in Nigeria’s Benue State |url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/01ab564477c5 |access-date=12 October 2025 |website=[[TRT World]]}}</ref> |- |Benue State – Tyolaha, Tse‑Ubiam, Ahume, Aondona |May  27, 2025 |42 (10 killed in Tyolaha and Tse-Ubiam; 32 killed in Ahume and Aondona) |Herders |Coordinated weekend attacks attributed to itinerant herders in Gwer West local government area in Benue state. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2025 |title=Police Officer, 41 Others Killed in Fresh Benue Coordinated Attacks |url=https://leadership.ng/police-officer-41-others-killed-in-fresh-benue-coordinated-attacks}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Egbejule |first=Eromo |date=27 May 2025 |title=Forty-two people killed in central Nigeria in attacks blamed on herders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/27/nigeria-attacks-benue |website=The Guardian}}</ref> |- |Yelwata, Benue |June 14, 2025 |45–200 |Cattle herdsmen |Yelwata community in [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2025 |title=JUST IN: Over 200 residents, including IDPs, soldiers killed in fresh Benue attacks |url=https://thesun.ng/just-in-over-200-residents-including-idps-soldiers-killed-in-fresh-benue-attacks}}</ref> |- |Wannune, Benue |June 20, 2025 |?? |Cattle herdsmen |Wannune community, Tarka LGA in [[Benue (jiha)|Benue State]] |- |Mangun District, Plateau State |June 20, 2025 |14 |suspected herders |Mostly children and the elderly killed and houses burnt in Juwan and Manja communities in Bokkos and Mangu LGAs of Plateau State by suspected herdsmen. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=Thirteen Killed, Houses Burnt as Gunmen Attack Plateau Communities |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/06/20/thirteen-killed-houses-burnt-as-gunmen-attack-plateau-communitiess/}}</ref> |- |Mangun District, Plateau State |June 21, 2025 |12 killed, 22 injured |community vigilantes/mob |Mangun District of Mangu LGA of Plateau State. A group of out-of-town travellers enroute to a wedding were killed when they inadvertently lost their way and found themselves in a tense community that had endured repeated terror attacks, including the prior night.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2025 |title=Mob Kills 12 Wedding-Bound Travellers in Plateau |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/06/21/mob-kills-eight-wedding-bound-travellers-in-plateau/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2025 |title=Police nab 22 suspects over killing of 12 Plateau wedding guests |url=https://punchng.com/police-nab-22-suspects-over-killing-of-12-wedding-guests-in-plateau/}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Rikicin Boko Haram]] * [[Tarihin rikicin Boko Haram|Jerin lokaci na tawaye na Boko Haram]] * [[Tsattsauran ra'ayin Musulunci a Arewacin Najeriya|Tsattsauran ra'ayi na Musulunci a Arewacin Najeriya]] * , "Religious Violence in Nigeria: Causal diagnostics and strategic recommendations to the state and religious communities", African Journal on Conflict Resolution (2012) shafi na 107-112. &nbsp; == Manazarta == 9ighijv4oxm5fz0e4sdxty1cumbelyb 0 119787 891945 730635 2026-08-06T08:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Juaben''' birni ne na gargajiya a cikin gundumar Juaben a cikin [[yankin Ashanti]] na [[Ghana]] . == Tarihi == Ba wai kawai duk sarakunan ''Dwabeng'' sun kasance na dangin Oyoko ba, amma sarkin Dwabeng shi ne Oyokohene ko shugaban iyali na duk dangin Oyolo na Akan. Juaben (daidai: Dwabeng) yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan garuruwa biyar na ƙasar Asante ko Asante Amantuo Num, waɗanda da farko suka haɗu da daular Denkyira mai mulki a lokacin. An yi imanin cewa Dwabenhene na farko ya fito ne daga Asumegya Asantemanso kuma kakannin wannan kujerar ana kiranta Aberewa Ampim . Aberewa Ampim ne wanda ya zo tare da ƙungiyarsa ta masu ba da shawara da dattawa daga Asumegya Asantemanso. A wannan lokacin an ce babu wani kujera da ke haɗe da jihar Dwabeng. Yayinda take zuwa ta zauna a Otikurom Dwabeng Mma wani lokaci ga dukan Dwabeng, ta zauna a Dwabeng kusan shekaru hudu ko biyar. Tana da yara da yawa - da yawa wadanda suka yi ƙaura - kuma ɗa ɗaya mai suna Aketewa (ma'ana ƙarami) an dauke shi ɗa mai kyau na duka. A matsayinsa na mafarauci, ya gano yankin Dwabeng na yanzu kuma ya sadu da wani mutum a yankin da sunan Boama Kokoo Se Bota - wani mafarauci-, tare da iyalinsa. Ya zama cewa maza biyu biyu sun fito ne daga dangin Oyoko ɗaya kuma an maraba da Aketewa a gidan Boama. Bayan ya zauna, sai ya dawo ya sanar da mahaifiyarsa. Daga cikin '''Asante Amaantuo Num''', kafin ya zama Asanteman kuma har yanzu yana biyayya ga Daular Denkyira: Dwabeng yana da alhakin itacen Denkyerahene; Nsuta ne ke da alhakin jan yumbu; Mampong ne ke da alhakin zaren auduga don yin zane; Kwamanhene (Kwaman yanzu Kumasi) dole ne ya aika daya daga cikin kuyanginsa kowace shekara zuwa Denkyerahene domin ya shayar da 'ya'yan uwansa da ƙanensa (magada na gaba zuwa Denkyera stool). An aiko manzon Denkyerahene Ntim Gyakari ya karbi wadannan haraji iri-iri daga wadannan garuruwa biyar. Kwamanhene Obiri Yeboah kawun Osei Tutu ne, an aika Osei Tutu zuwa Denkyera don horo. A lokacin yakin Feyiase a 1701 tsakanin sabuwar kasar Asante, Dwabenhene ne suka kama Ntim Gyakari a fagen daga yayin da babban kwamandan wannan yaki shi ne Nana Boahene Anantuo, Mamponhene. Amma Ntim Gyakari ya kama shi da rai ta Dwabenhene Nana Adaakwaa Yiadom. Bayan yaqin ne aka tura shi Kumasi, aka fille masa kai. Asantehene ya ɗauke kansa, ƙafarsa ta Mamponhene, da yatsunsa ta Juabenhene. Ana iya samun yatsun Ntim Gyakari ko ''Kwadumasa'' a cikin Twi a yau akan laima na Dwabenhene. Bayan rasuwar Nana Adaakwaa Yiadom, ɗan'uwansa ya sha sigari ko ya yi duhu (al'adar Akan lokacin da sarauta ta mutu), Osei Hwidie, a lokacin mulkin Nana Opoku Ware . Nana Osei Hwidie, yana so ya fadada iyakokinsa ya tsara ta Abuasohene Ntiamoah Amankuo don kashe shi kuma ya sami iko da ƙasashen da aka ambata. Nana Osei ta mallaki garuruwanta, karafa, ƙauyuka. Wannan shine farkon fadada mulkin Dwabeng kawai. Daga baya, Nana Dwabenhene ta tambayi Boama Kokoo game da ko akwai wasu mutane ko Shugabannin da suka raba iyaka ɗaya tare da shi. Boama Kokoo ya gaya masa cewa akwai shugaba daya, mai suna Ofinam, Nkuokromhene, an karɓi ƙasashensa bayan mutuwarsa. Haka kuma ƙasashen Adumanhene, wanda kakannin Nsutahene da ƙasashen Brebemo, Nsusohene; Kyekewerehene; Bomfahene Mmonh Diawuo da Hemanhene Owusu Biremprong suke, yayin da suke kore shi daga Sekyere.<ref name="thekingdomofasante.com">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2015 |title=History of Asante - Kingdom of Asante |url=https://www.thekingdomofasante.com/history-of-asante/ |access-date=4 November 2025 |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127205342/https://www.thekingdomofasante.com/history-of-asante/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Osei Kwame Panyin, ya yi yaƙi da Basahene Kwabena Sabre a Basahene (Krachihene). An kayar da Basahene kuma an tura shi zuwa Dwabeng, yana ɗauke da dutse na gaskiya (Nnokware Buo). Dalilin yaƙin ya kasance wasu kayan zinariya masu daraja a hannun Basahene, waɗanda Asante ke sha'awar. Akwai wani Fetish, mai suna Denteh, yanzu a Dwaben, wanda aka kama daga Krachi sakamakon wannan yakin. An ce wannan Fetish ya yi hasashen cewa Krachi Chief ba zai iya yaƙi da Cif Akraase mai iko ba bayan yaƙin Fetish ya sanar da cewa ya ga cewa Juabenhene Cif ne mai iko; duk lokacin da ya tafi yaƙi zai bi shi. An ce akwai ƙaho da aka haɗe da Stool wanda Akraase ya kama. An hura shi lokacin da Juabenhene ke shiga filin don yaƙi, a cikin harshen Abeng (Asante horn sadarwa a model of tonal sauye-sauye kama da Morse code, ya ce: ''Okrakye Dente Okrakye Dento'') An ce Nana Juabenhere ne kawai ke da wannan ƙaho, kuma babu wani shugaban a Asante. Nana Akraase ya gaji Nana Akuamoah Panyin, ɗan'uwansa, a lokacin mulkin Bonsu Panyin . <ref name="thekingdomofasante.com2">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2015 |title=History of Asante - Kingdom of Asante |url=https://www.thekingdomofasante.com/history-of-asante/ }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Sabon Juabeng: Oyoko da Koforidua === Bayan an kafa Asanteman a ƙarshen 1800s, wani ɓangare na Dwabeng ya rabu da Asanteman kuma ya sami mafaka a Okyeman, al'ummar Akyem kuma ya kirkiro Sabon Juabeng wanda ake kira Koforidua. Har zuwa yau, sun kasance masu zaman kansu daga kujerar zinariya. Lokacin da Nana [[Kofi Karikari]] (Sarkin Ashantis) da sojojinsa na Kumasi (yanzu a yankin Ashanti) suka kai hari kan Dwabeng da abokanta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1875, garuruwan Sekyere na Effiduase da Asokore sun kafa kawance. Yayinda Effiduase da Asokore suka jagoranci shugabannin su a lokacin zama, Oyoko da sarkinsu Nana Adjei Bohyen, suna ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan Sekyere waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa yau New Juaben a yankin Gabas na yanzu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nana Kwaku Boateng kuma suka kashe Kofi Karikari. Dan uwansa ne Kwadwo Kesse wanda ya jagoranci baƙi daga Asante - Oyoko zuwa yau New Juaben a Yankin Gabas kuma sun zo da kujerarsu mai tsarki (Kro da Dabo Stool) == Yanayin ƙasa == === Wurin da yake === Garin yana kusa da babban birnin karamar hukumar Ejisu-Juaben, [[Ejisu]] . Matsayinta na yanki shine 6° 49' 0" Arewa, 1° 26' 0" Yamma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Juaben Map &#124; Ghana Google Satellite Maps |url=http://www.maplandia.com/ghana/ashanti/juaben/juaben/}}</ref> == Ilimi == An san Juaben da Makarantar Sakandare ta Juaben . <ref name="Scho">{{Cite web |title=Educational Institutions |url=http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801035651/http://www.centralregion.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 |archive-date=1 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.centralregion.gov.gh}}</ref><ref name="MORESCHO">{{Cite web |title=References » Schools/Colleges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/GhanaHome/regions/schools.asp?menu_id=6&sub_menu_id=310&gender=&s=a |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> Makarantar cibiyar sake zagayowar ta biyu ce.<ref name="allschool">{{Cite web |title=List of Secondary Schools in Ghana |url=http://www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/page/list-of-senior-secondary |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.ghanaschoolsnet.com/}}</ref> == Aikin noma == Ana samun nau'ikan ƙasa guda uku a yankin waɗanda ke tallafawa amfanin gona na kuɗi kamar koko, kofi, dabino mai da citrus; kayan lambu na lokacin bushe kamar [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], sukari da [[shinkafa]]; da amfanin gona mai [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]] da na rabin lokaci kamar plantain, cocoyam da [[ayaba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New-Juaben Municipal: Soils |url=http://mofa.gov.gh/site/sports/district-directorates/eastern-region/236-new-juaben-municipal |access-date=18 February 2020 |publisher=[[Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Ghana)|Republic of Guana, Ministry of Food and Agriculture]]}}</ref><gallery> Fayil:A_cocoa_farm_in_Ghana.jpg|alt=Cocoa farming in Nkyerepoaso, in Juaben municipality.| Noman Cocoa a Nkyerepoaso, cikin gundumar '''Juaben''' . </gallery> == Kula da lafiya == Asibitin Juaben shine cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta farko a garin. == Wasanni == Yawancin mazauna garin magoya bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ingila [[Aston Villa FC]] ne, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar goyon bayan yaro na mazaunin Owusu Boakye Amando . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Husband |first=Ben |date=2019-11-13 |title=Aston Villa are a big deal - and this brilliant story proves it |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/we-not-choose-aston-villa-17250601 |access-date=2019-12-26 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> == Mutanen da suka shahara == A cewar Amy Ashwood-Garvey, matar farko ta wanda ya kafa Pan-Africanist na Jamaica [[Marcus Garvey]], kakarta ta gaya mata cewa ta fito ne daga Dwaben (mai suna "Juaben") kuma kakarta (wanda aka sani da "Granny Dabas") ta kasance fursuna daga Juaben. Sunan Granny Dabas shine Boahemaa . A shekara ta 1924 ta sadu da J. B. Danquah a London kuma ta gaya masa labarin kakarta kuma Danquah ta tabbatar mata cewa Dwaben a zahiri birni ne na Asante. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka ta kuma sadu da wani lauyan Ghana Kwabena Kese . A shekara ta 1946, Barrister Kese ya ɗauki Mrs Garvey zuwa Juaben wanda ya kai ga tabbatar da asusun Gwaggo Dabas kuma daga baya zai ɗauki sunan Akosua Boahemaa . Za ta kuma sadu da Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II . Mutanen Asante an san su da jama'ar Jamaica a matsayin masu gwagwarmayar 'yanci waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da bautar da zalunci. Jarumar kasar Jamaica Nanny of the Maroons ita ma sarauta ce ta Asante. Jamaicans da yawa, har ma wadanda ba Maroons ba, na iya yin lissafi na samun dangin zuriyar Asante. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b6ho37r2jogffto0sytjydl1kbn6tzh 0 120066 891892 785400 2026-08-06T06:05:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891892 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} John Abdulai Jinapor (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1979) ɗan siyasan ne a ƙasar Ghana ne, memba na majalisar dokokin da ke wakiltar mazabar Yapei-Kusawgu kuma Ministan da ke kula da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Man Fetur (Ghana) . Shi tsohon Ministan Gwamnatin Ghana ne. Shi memba ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa . [1][2] == Ilimi == Jinapor ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Ghana a Tamale . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibrahimah |first=Seidu |date=13 March 2015 |title=Ghanasco, Tamale, Sends Out Distress Call To Her Sons And Daughters |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/604531/ghanasco-tamale-sends-out-distress-call-to-her.html |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kudi na Ci Gaban daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] a shekarar 2019. Digiri na Digiri a fannin Kudi da Dokar Kudi daga Jami'ar London a shekarar 2015. Masana kimiyya a cikin Tattalin Arziki daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana]] (GIMPA) a cikin 2021. Digiri na farko daga [[Jami'ar Nazarin Ci Gaban]], Digiri na Jagora a Tallace-tallace a [[Jami'ar Ghana]], 2008. <ref name="PG">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=266 |access-date=2019-10-19 |website=Parliament Of Ghana |archive-date=2017-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215221115/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=266 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Makamashi a karkashin gwamnatin [[John Mahama]] . Shi memba ne na Majalisar dokoki ta bakwai ta Jamhuriyar Ghana ta huɗu wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Yapei Kusawgu a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|Yankin Arewa]] a kan tikitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Democrat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs – List of MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5323 |access-date=2019-03-12 |website=GhanaMps. |archive-date=2020-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922144124/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5323 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Zaben 2016 === Jinapor ya tsaya takara a Babban zaben Ghana na 2016 a kan tikitin Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa kuma ya lashe kujerar majalisar dokoki ta Yapei Kusawgu tare da kuri'u 23, 364 na jimlar kuri'un da suka yi daidai da kashi 62.13% a kan dan takarar majalisar dokoki na New Patriotic Party Zakaria Yakubu wanda ya samu kuri'u 14, 242 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 37.87% na jimlar jefa kuri'un.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Yapei / Kusawgu Constituency Results - Election 2016 |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/savannah/yapei_kusawgu/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930155053/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/savannah/yapei_kusawgu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Jinapor ga Abudulai Jinapor, tsohon jami'in 'yan sanda kuma Shugaban Buipe a [[Yankin Savannah|Yankin Savanna]] na Ghana . <ref name="PG"/> Shi ɗan'uwan [[Samuel Abu Jinapor]] ne, tsohon mataimakin shugaban ma'aikatan Ghana kuma ministan ƙasa da albarkatun kasa na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jinapor vrs Jinapor: Opposed brothers dispute Covid-19 power reliefs |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/jinapor-vrs-jinapor-opposed-brothers-dispute-covid-19-power-reliefs.html |access-date=2020-11-02 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Samuel Abu-Jinapor's appointment must stand! |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Samuel-Abu-Jinapor-s-appointment-must-stand-498496 |access-date=2017-11-20 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> kuma Dokta Ahmed Jinapor, malami.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-09 |title=Both Mahama and Akufo-Addo appointed me into their govt – Dr Jinapor |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Both-Mahama-and-Akufo-Addo-appointed-me-into-their-govt-Dr-Jinapor-1002838 |access-date=2020-11-03 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> Ya auri Mrs. Josephine Jinapor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Jinapor, John Abdulai |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5323 |access-date=2019-10-19 |website=GhanaMps. |archive-date=2020-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922144124/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5323 |url-status=dead }}</ref> John Abudulai Jinapor Kirista ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=241 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2024-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926135051/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=241 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tattaunawa game da kamfanin wutar lantarki na Ghana (ECG) == Babban memba na Kwamitin Makamashi na Majalisar, John Jinapor, ya zargi Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Ghana (ECG) da yada bayanan da ba daidai ba game da hauhawar kwanan nan a cikin katsewar wutar lantarki da aka fi sani da dumsor. Duk da yake ECG ta danganta waɗannan raguwa ga masu canzawa da yawa da marasa kyau, Mista Jinapor ya yi jayayya cewa yaduwar zubar da kaya sakamakon batutuwan kudi ne, ba matsala ta fasaha ba kamar yadda ECG ta yi ikirarin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Current ‘dumsor’ due to financial challenges, not faulty transformers – John Jinapor |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/03/current-dumsor-due-to-financial-challenges-not-faulty-transformers-john-jinapor/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] ctfux32b93l54dwqrnbe5f17692xqkm 0 120975 891856 832705 2026-08-06T05:22:54Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|founder=[[Peggy Shepard]]<br>Vernice Miller-Travis<br>Chuck Sutton}} WE ACT for Environmental Justice (wanda aka fi sani da West Harlem Environmental Action) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta a Harlem, Manhattan, [[New York (birni)|New York City]]. An kafa kungiyar ne a cikin Maris 1988 don tattara adawar al'umma game da ayyukan da birnin ke yi na Cibiyar Kula da Najasa ta Arewa, da wurin tashar bas ta shida a Arewacin Manhattan. [[Fayil:Harlem_NYC.JPG|thumb|Ra'ayi na Bird na Harlem, Birnin New York]] WE ACT an sadaukar da shi ne don yaƙi da lamuran adalci na muhalli a cikin al'ummar Arewacin Manhattan. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan lamuran rayuwa na birane kamar adalcin yanayi, iska mai tsafta, samun ayyuka masu kyau, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, gurbatar yanayi, da kuma amfani da kasa mai dorewa da daidaito. Yana aiki ta hanyar ƙarfafa ƴan ƙasa, faɗakarwa, ƙararraki, ilimi, da wayar da kan al'umma don cimma burin sa. A halin yanzu, WE ACT yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke yin shawarwari don Yarjejeniyar Fa'idodin Al'umma tare da Jami'ar Columbia a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin faɗaɗa Manhattanville na makarantar. Hakanan ana sabunta dutsen launin ruwan kasa da aka yi watsi da shi don canzawa zuwa Cibiyar Adalci na Muhalli ta WE ACT, wacce za ta ba da ofis da sararin samaniya tare da zama nunin fasahohin gine-gine iri-iri. == Tarihi da tsarawa == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1986, Cibiyar Kula da Ruwan Ruwan Arewa ta fara aiki a kan tubalan takwas na dukiyar kogi a Yammacin Harlem, Manhattan. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan buɗewa, mazauna yankin daga yawancin Afirka ta Amirka da Latino suka koka game da ƙanshin da ke fitowa daga [[shuka]] da kuma kara haɗarin haɗarin lafiya.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Shepard |first=Peggy |date=July–August 2007 |title=BUILDING COMMUNITY POWER FOR CHANGE |journal=The Crisis |volume=114}}</ref> Peggy Shepard, mazaunin yankin, wanda aka zaba a matsayin shugaban gundumar siyasa a 1985, ya matsa wa hukumomin gida da na jihohi su yi bincike kan tasirin kiwon lafiya na fallasawa ga hayakin magani.<ref name=":11" /> Binciken ya gano cewa hayaki na iya haifar da matsalolin numfashi a matakan da suka fi dacewa, wanda ya haifar da martani na jama'a daga mazaunan West Harlem, suna buƙatar a yi gyare-gyare a wurin.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Thigpen |first=David |last2=Kuznik |first2=Frank |date=October 1993 |title=People who make a difference |journal=National Wildlife |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=44–51}}</ref> A cikin 1988 Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Biritaniya (MTA) ta yi ƙoƙarin gina tashar bas ta biyu a West Harlem, kusa da makarantar tsaka-tsaki. MTA ta fuskanci adawa mai karfi na al'umma, ta hanyar zanga-zangar, kararraki, da bincike na kimiyya.<ref name=":13"/> A cikin wannan lokaci, hankali da rashin jin daɗi game da yadda ake gudanar da aikin kula da magudanar ruwa na kogin Arewa da kuma gina tashar bas na biyu a yammacin Harlem, sun gabatar da buƙatar haɗin kai don magance rashin daidaiton tasirin muhalli ga tsirarun al'umma. Saboda haka, a cikin Maris 1988 Peggy Shepard, Vernice Miller-Travis, da Chuck Sutton sun kaddamar da WE ACT don "samar da albarkatu a cikin al'umma" don ginawa da ilmantar da al'ummar da aka sadaukar don yaki da rashin adalci na muhalli da inganta lafiyar muhalli.<ref name=":13"/> MU ACT yana jaddada mahimmancin shigar da ƴan ƙasa a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe da haɗin gwiwa. Yana amfani da bincike na haɗin kai na al'umma don magance matsalolin adalci na muhalli da inganta lafiyar muhalli da ingancin rayuwar al'ummar Arewacin Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shepard |first=PM |date=2017-05-06 |title=Advancing Environmental Justice through Community-Based Participatory Research |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=110 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=139 |doi=10.1289/ehp.02110s2139 |issn=0091-6765 |pmc=1241155}}</ref> WE ACT tayi ƙoƙari don ilimantar da ƴan al'umma da wayar da kan jama'a kan al'amuran da ke tasiri lafiya da ingancin rayuwar al'umma. == Ayyuka na farko == === Ginin Magunguna na Kogin Arewa === A shekarar 1955 ne aka fara ba da shawarar gina Cibiyar Kula da Najasa ta Kogin Arewa, don wani wuri kusa da kogin Hudson a titin 72nd, al'ummar farar fata da wadata; duk da haka, an ƙi asalin wurin saboda rashin amincewa daga Robert Moses - Kwamishinan Parks na NYC mai ƙarfi, da Mai Gudanar da Gadar Triborough da Tunnel Authority. wanda ya ki amincewa da rukunin 72nd Street saboda kusancinsa da shirinsa na Inganta Tsarin Yammacin Yamma wanda a ƙarshe zai samar da Metropolitan Opera, NYC Ballet, Avery Fisher Music Hall, da sabon gidan Juilliard School of Music.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=New York Justice Page |url=http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/ny.html |access-date=2017-03-29 |website=www.umich.edu}}</ref> Don haka, wurin da aka zaɓa ya zama bakin ruwan kogin Hudson daga Titin Yamma 137 zuwa Titin 145 na Yamma a Yammacin Harlem, a lokacin al'umma ce mai tarihi, ta tsakiya, yawancin al'ummar Afirka-Amurka. Mazauna yankin sun fusata lokacin da aka bayyana a shekarar 1968, cewa za a gina shukar kogin Arewa, za a yi aiki da shi a tsakanin al’ummarsu, saboda damuwa zai haifar da matsalolin gurbatar yanayi da kuma yin illa ga al’ummarsu. Duk da tsayin dakan al'umma, an fara aikin gina masana'antar a shekarar 1972 kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1985. Lokacin da kamfanin ya fara gudanar da aikinsa a shekarar 1986, 'yan unguwar sun kara bayyana damuwarsu kan kamshin da ke fitowa daga masana'antar wanda ke da fadin kusan mil biyu. Mazauna yankin sun kasance a cikin gida don tserewa hayakin, wani bangare saboda tsoron da suke da shi na haifar da illa ga lafiya sakamakon kamuwa da hayakin. Wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Kare Makamashi ta New York (DEC) ta gudanar, ya gano fitar da shukar na dauke da matakan hydrogen sulfide sama da kashi 28% sama da ma'auni.<ref name=":7" /> Rashin jin daɗin al'umma ya koma cikin gwagwarmaya kuma a cikin 1988 akan Martin Luther King Day, WE ACT co-founders Peggy Shepard da Chuck Sutton, tare da wasu biyar an kama su don toshe zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a kan babbar hanyar West Side a kusa da wurin magani, kuma co-kafa Vernice D. Miller da da yawa sauran mazauna sun toshe zirga-zirga a kusa da Riverside da rashin aikin yi na shuka da kuma gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da rashin aikin yi da shuka.<ref name=":7" /> Saboda karar da We ACT ta shigar tare da haɗin gwiwar Majalisar Tsaro ta Halitta, da juriya daga mazaunan Yammacin Harlem, jami'an birni sun fara magance matsalolin aiki na shuka a cikin 1991, kuma sun gano cewa rashin duk wani tsarin kula da wari a matsayin babban kuskuren ƙira wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska. <ref name=":14"/> Bayan doguwar gwagwarmayar kotu tare da birni da Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli (DEP), WE ACT ta zo ga sasantawar doka game da ayyukan talauci na tashar datti a watan Disamba na 1993 tare da gwamnatin Magajin garin David Dinkins.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Shepard |first=Peggy |date=2005-01-01 |title=Breathe At Your Own Risk: Transit Justice in West Harlem |journal=Race, Poverty & the Environment |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=51–53 |jstor=41555237}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, an ajiye dala miliyan 1.1 a cikin asusun don shirye-shiryen muhalli na al'umma a Yammacin Harlem kuma an sanya WE ACT "mai saka idanu kan yarjejeniyar amincewar dala miliyan 55 ta birnin don gyara shuka".<ref name=":8" /> A cikin wani aiki na jin daɗin jama'ar West Harlem a 1968-1970, jihar New York ta amince da gina wurin shakatawa mai girman eka 28 da aka fi sani da Riverbank State Park a saman shukar najasa. Ya buɗe wa jama'a tare da babban fanfare kan ranar Tunawa da ƙarshen mako a cikin 1993. Duk da haka, hayaki da wari na ci gaba da fitowa daga shukar wanda ya shafi yankunan yankin.<ref name=":14"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=EJOLT |title=North River Sewage Treatment Plant, USA {{!}} EJAtlas |url=https://ejatlas.org/conflict/north-river-sewage-treatment-plant |access-date=2017-03-29 |website=[[Environmental Justice Atlas]] |language=en}}</ref> A yau Kamfanin Kula da Najasa na Kogin Arewa yana ci gaba da inganta kayan aikin su da haɓakawa don saduwa da ingancin iska. A cikin yunƙurin da suka yi na baya-bayan nan kayan aikin sun shigar da sabon aikin bututu da magoya baya don inganta sarrafa wari da kuma ba da rahoton matsalolin iska.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=North River Wastewater Treatment Plant |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/dep_projects/cp_north_river_plant.shtml |access-date=2017-05-01 |website=www.nyc.gov |archive-date=2017-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518111306/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/dep_projects/cp_north_river_plant.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Diesel mai datti === Arewacin Manhattan gida ne ga kashi ɗaya bisa uku na "manyan motocin bas ɗin diesel (motoci 4,000) mafi girma a cikin ƙasar" wanda MTA ke sarrafa shi.<ref name=":8"/> MU ACT muna ganin yawan ma'ajiyar motocin bas yana da mummunan tasiri akan ingancin iska da lafiyar 'yan yankin Arewacin Manhattan. Ƙungiyar ta haɗu da yawan cututtukan fuka a Arewacin Manhattan tare da matakan da suka dace na kwayoyin halitta (PM), gurɓataccen iska da aka saki a lokacin konewar man dizal, wanda ke fitowa daga wuraren ajiyar bas, manyan hanyoyin sufuri, da kuma cunkoson ababen hawa a cikin West Harlem..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Northridge |first=M. E. |last2=Yankura |first2=J. |last3=Kinney |first3=P. L. |last4=Santella |first4=R. M. |last5=Shepard |first5=P. |last6=Riojas |first6=Y. |last7=Aggarwal |first7=M. |last8=Strickland |first8=P. |date=1999-07-01 |title=Diesel exhaust exposure among adolescents in Harlem: a community-driven study |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=89 |issue=7 |pages=998–1002 |doi=10.2105/ajph.89.7.998 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=1508854 |pmid=10394306}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Phil |last2=Mayer |first2=Brian |last3=Zavestoski |first3=Stephen |last4=Luebke |first4=Theo |last5=Mandelbaum |first5=Joshua |last6=McCormick |first6=Sabrina |date=2003 |title=The health politics of asthma: environmental justice and collective illness experience in the United States |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=453–464 |doi=10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00375-1 |pmid=12791488}}</ref> WE ACT kuma ta shirya kamfen din kafofin watsa labarai, The Clean Fuel - Clean Air - Good Health Diesel Bus Campaign, don wayar da kan jama'a kan haɗarin da ke tattare da hayakin diesel da ikon sa na haifar da hare-haren asma.<ref name=":8" /> Duk da yake ya kasa rinjayar MTA don canza manufofinta don tallafawa hanyoyin man fetur masu tsabta, kamfen ɗin ya sami goyon baya da kulawa da yawa na jama'a, yana nuna ikon kafofin watsa labarai na jama'ar da kuma fadakar da al'umma.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin Nuwamba 2000, WE ACT, ya shigar da ƙara zuwa Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Amurka (USDOT) yana mai da'awar cewa wuraren ajiyar bas ba su da kyau a cikin al'ummomin tsiraru a Arewacin Manhattan, wanda ke da shida daga cikin jimillar tasoshin bas guda takwas a Manhattan, don haka yana haɓaka haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da haɗarin haɗarin dizal mai cutarwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=EJOLT |title=Environmental Justice Atlas |url=https://ejatlas.org/print/west-harlem-and-the-metropolitan-transportation-authority-usa |access-date=2017-03-29 |website=ejatlas.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> USDOT ta gano cewa MTA ta keta taken IV na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 kuma ta kasa saduwa da nazarin tasirin muhalli na tarayya wanda ya shafi gine-gine, gyare-gyare, da kuma sarrafa tashoshin bas da sauran wurare. Wannan kamfen ya sa hukumar MTA ta yi gyare-gyaren wuraren ajiye motocin bas da zuba jari a motocin bas masu tsabta, da kuma kara wayar da kan jama’a dangane da illolin hayakin mai da rashin ingancin iska.<ref name=":1"/> == Aikin == WE ACT ta ce manufarta ita ce "gina al'ummomi masu lafiya ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa mutane masu launi da / ko mazauna masu karamin karfi sun shiga cikin ma'ana a cikin samar da ingantacciyar lafiyar muhalli da tsare-tsare da ayyuka." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.weact.org/whoweare/ourstory/ |access-date=March 27, 2017 |website=WE ACT}}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana aiki a matsayin "albarkar ilimi" don ba da gudummawar ɗan ƙasa da fafutuka kan al'amuran "lafiyar muhalli da ingancin rayuwa". <ref name=":8"/> == Adalci na muhalli == === Cutar huhu === A Amurka yawan mutanen da ke fama da asma ya karu a kowace shekara.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |title=Asthma in the US |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/asthma/ |access-date=May 4, 2017 |website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Kwararrun masu kiwon lafiya sun yi magana game da karuwar tashin hankali a cikin cututtukan asma a matsayin "sabon annoba".<ref name=":0"/> Cutar numfashi tana da alamun kumburi na huhu mai tsanani da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ƙuntata hanyar iska. <ref name=":10" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boehlke |first=Paul |last2=Huang |first2=Shih-Wen |last3=Small |first3=Caroline |date=January 2017 |title=Asthma |journal=Magill's Medical Guide (Online Edition).}}</ref> Duk da yake akwai rashin tabbas game da ainihin dalilin cutar, an yi imanin cewa "abubuwan kwayar halitta da muhalli suna hulɗa don haifar da asma, galibi a farkon rayuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=What causes asthma? |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/causes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203065951/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma/causes |archive-date=December 3, 2014 |access-date=May 4, 2017 |website=NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute}}</ref> Kwanan nan, mayar da hankali ya juya ga tasirin yanayin muhalli, musamman bayyanar gurɓataccen iska na cikin gida da na waje ko allergens.<ref name=":0" /> WE ACT ya bayyana cewa bambancin launin fata ya wanzu a cikin gurɓataccen iska, wanda ke haifar da fallasawar ƙarancin ƙarancin al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi ga manyan matakan gurɓata iska. WE ACT tana aiki don inganta ingancin iska na al'ummomin Arewacin Manhattan da rage abin da ke faruwa na asma da sauran matsalolin numfashi ta hanyar magance hanyoyin da haɗarin muhalli da ke haifar da gurɓataccen iska. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> WE ACT tana mai da hankali kan asma ko [[Gurbacewar Iska|iska mai tsabta]] a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan wuraren damuwa, saboda yawan asma da aka samu a Arewacin Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2016 |title=Health Department Launches Asthma Campaign "Your Child's Asthma Is Always There, Even When They Seem Perfectly Fine" |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2016/pr088-16.page |access-date=May 4, 2017 |website=NYC Health |archive-date=September 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906223449/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/press/pr2016/pr088-16.page |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar ta nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin haɗarin muhalli a cikin unguwanni na Latino da na Afirka, kamar yadda ake nunawa ga hayakin diesel da ƙanshin da ke ko'ina daga wuraren birni, da kuma mafi girman mutuwar asma da cututtukan cututtuka a New York.<ref name=":8"/> WE ACT kalubalen birni da jihar don ganewa da magance matsalolin ingancin iska.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2017 |title=A Neighborhood Fights Back |url=http://rootsofhealthinequity.org/ |website=National Association of County & City Health Officials}}</ref> A halin yanzu WE ACT, yana aiki tare da kungiyoyin muhalli da yawa na al'umma, kamar su Cibiyar Deep South don Adalci na Muhalli (DSCEJ), Green Door Initiative (GDI), da Yesu Mutanen da ke Tsayayya da Pollution (JPAP), a kan Shirin Rashin Asma na Kasa. Aikin yana da niyyar nazarin bambance-bambance a cikin maganin asma a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban guda huɗu a Amurka, ta hanyar kimanta tasirin [[Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka|Hukumar Kare Muhalli]] ta (EPA) Tsarin Gudanar da Ayyuka na Tarayya don Rage Bambancin Racial da Ethnic Asthma (Action Plan). <ref name=":9" /> An gabatar da ''Shirin Aiki'' a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, don sake duba kokarin tarayya na magance matsalolin asma da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa mafi inganci tsakanin shirye-shiryen tarayya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ashley |first=Peter |last2=Freemer |first2=Michelle |last3=Garbe |first3=Paul |last4=Rowson |first4=David |date=March–April 2017 |title=Coordinated Federal Actions Are Needed to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Asthma |journal=Journal of Public Health Management & Practice |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=207–209 |doi=10.1097/phh.0000000000000541 |pmid=28121772}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwa == === Cibiyar Bayar da Al'umma da Shiga (COEC) === Ƙungiyar Wayar da Kan Jama'a da Ƙaddamarwa Core (COEC) shiri ne na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta NIEHS a Arewacin Manhattan, WE ACT, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki na al'umma, suna aiki don fahimta da kuma hana abubuwan muhalli na cututtuka irin su Parkinson, Cancer, Asthma, da ALS ta hanyar manufofi da dokoki. <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Community Engagement Core {{!}} Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health |url=https://www.mailman.columbia.edu/programs/niehs-center-environmental-health-northern-manhattan/community-outreach |access-date=2017-05-05 |website=www.mailman.columbia.edu |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan COEC sun mayar da hankali kan al'ummomin Arewacin Manhattan guda hudu: Central Harlem, West Harlem, Washington Heights, da Inwood.<ref name=":18" /> Sauran membobin shirin sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi da ke kusa da Arewacin Manhattan, kamar Cibiyar Columbia don Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli na Yara (CCCEH) na Jami'ar Columbia, Cibiyar Harlem don Inganta Lafiya da Rigakafin Cututtuka, da Cibiyar Asibitin Harlem.<ref name=":18" /> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin COEC da WE ACT shine ci gaban Katin Rahoton Lafiya na Muhalli.<ref name=":18" /> Katin rahoton yana ba da maki ga al'ummomin birnin New York bisa ma'auni na ingancin iska na cikin gida/ waje, ingancin ruwa na nishaɗi, ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, sararin samaniya, da wadatar abinci mai kyau. Ta hanyar sadar da binciken binciken kimiyya da lafiya ta hanyar shirye-shirye irin su abubuwan da suka faru na iyali da biki, tarurruka, tarurruka, da Katin Rahoton Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, membobin COEC suna neman ƙara wayar da kan al'umma game da haɗarin muhalli da kuma kafa madaidaiciyar shigar gida cikin lamuran muhalli.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":5" /> Shigar mu ACT a cikin al'ummomin Arewacin Manhattan yana bawa membobin COEC damar samun bayanai game da matsalolin lafiyar muhalli na gida. Hakanan, WE ACT yana aiki azaman gada don isar da bayanai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin bincike da al'ummomin masu karamin karfi a Arewacin Manhattan. === Shugabannin Bangaskiya don Adalci na Muhalli === WE ACT ta yi aiki tare da mambobi daban-daban na majami'u na Arewacin Manhattan a kokarin wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan muhalli.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=WEACT.org |title=faith leaders for environmental justice |url=http://www.weact.nyc/Coalitions/FaithLeadersforEnvironmentalJustice/tabid/360/Default.aspx |access-date=2017-05-05 |website=www.weact.nyc |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Manufar haɗin gwiwar ita ce ta ƙarfafa mutane masu bangaskiya su kula da batutuwan muhalli da kuma ilimantar da mutane na addini don su iya karfafa gwagwarmayar adalci na muhalli a cikin al'ummomi daban-daban waɗanda, a al'ada, ba su shiga cikin batutuwan adalci na mujalli ba.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Shepard |first=Peggy M. |date=25 May 2013 |title=Working With Faith Leaders For Environmental Justice |url=http://www.innerself.com/content/social/democracy/activism/8646-working-with-faith-leaders-for-environmental-justice.html |access-date=2017-05-05 |website=www.innerself.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Shugabannin Bangaskiya don Adalci na Muhalli suna mai da hankali kan mahimman abubuwa guda uku: Adalci na Yanayi, Adalcin Abinci, da Amfani da Makamashi. Ƙungiyar aikin Adalci na Yanayi na neman haɓaka wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin sauyin yanayi da kuma sauye-sauyen halayen da za a iya yi don rage tasirin. A cikin haɗin kai tare da ƙungiyar aiki na Amfani da Makamashi, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan ƙungiyar Adalci na yanayi shine koya wa mutane yadda za su rage yawan kuzarin su da hayaƙin carbon.<ref name=":12" /> Kungiyar aikin Adalci ta Abinci tana da nufin ilmantar da mutane game da abubuwan da ke hana cin abinci lafiyayye da mahimmancin siyan abinci mai kyau, tare da kawo ingantaccen tsarin abinci ga al'ummomin masu karamin karfi.<ref name=":12" /> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yunƙurin sun haɗa da ayyukan Aikin Gona na Jama'a (CSA), ayyukan al'umma da lambuna na rufin gida, tuƙin abinci, da isar da tambarin abinci.<ref name=":17" /> === Gida Mai Lafiya Yakin Yara Mai Lafiya === Shirin Lafiyayyan Gida wani shiri ne na bincike na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Jami'ar Columbia (CCCEH). Aikin ya yi niyya ga rashin daidaiton bayyanar da illolin muhalli da yara ke fuskanta a cikin tsiraru ko al'ummomi masu karamin karfi kuma yana aiki don ilmantar da iyalai kan wasu sanannun abubuwan haɗari kamar "sigari, gubar dalma, kwayoyi da barasa, gurɓataccen iska, datti, magungunan kashe qwari, da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]". Ilimantar da iyaye game da haɗarin lafiyar muhalli, na iya kare yara daga kamuwa da cutar asma ko ciwon daji ko kuma samun ci gaba ko jinkirin ci gaba, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Fallon |first=Liam |last2=Dearry |first2=Allen |date=April 2002 |title=Community-based participatory research as a tool to advance environmental health sciences |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=110 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=155–159 |doi=10.1289/ehp.02110s2155 |pmc=1241159 |pmid=11929724}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.weact.org/ WE ACT don shafin yanar gizon Adalci na Muhalli] 4rd4zg48tvscusig1xf3a448t7xw6ff 0 121043 891966 737895 2026-08-06T10:03:33Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Dandal Kura Radio House.jpg|thumb|Gidan Radio Dandal kura Maiduguri, Borno state]] '''Dandal Kura Radio''' tashar rediyo ce a [[Najeriya]], wacce ke cikin jihar [[Maiduguri]] Borno, tana watsa shirye-shirye a kan 98.9 kHz a fadin yankin tafkin, Najeriya, Nijar, Chadi da Kamaru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dandal Kura Radio International – FM 98.9 – Hausa Radio |url=https://hausaradio.com/dandal-kura-radio-international-fm-98-9/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dandal Kura 98.9 |url=https://radio.org.ng/dandal-kura/ |access-date=2025-11-23 |website=Radio.org.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref>&nbsp; == Tarihi == An ƙirƙiro Rediyon Dandal Kura a cikin shekarar 2015 don ba wa mutane a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya bayanai na gaskiya da abin dogaro a lokacin rikici. Tashar tana taimaka wa al'ummomi su kasance tare, suna tallafawa farfadowa kuma suna bawa mutane daga yankin [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] damar raba labarun su. == Dubi kuma == * Kafofin watsa labarai a Najeriya * [[Tabkin Chadi|Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Maiduguri]] == Manzarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Tashar radio a nigeria]] i48ii364jaizmmgy2jwmvojwlg7y4vh 0 121212 891876 844503 2026-08-06T05:33:51Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891876 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Satellite_image_of_Philippines_in_March_2002.jpg|thumb|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Philippines a watan Maris na shekara ta 2002 yana nuna murfin gandun daji a cikin kore mai duhu]] [[Fayil:Oriod_burnt.jpg|thumb|Ƙananan ayyukan katako da yin kwal a ƙananan yankuna na tsaunukan Sierra MadreDutsen Sierra Madre]] Kamar yadda yake a sauran ƙasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya, sare dazuzzuka a Philippines babban laifi ne. A cikin karni na 20, yawan gandun daji na kasar ya ragu daga kashi 70 zuwa kashi 20 cikin dari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lasco |first=R. D. |last2=R. D. |year=2001 |title=Secondary forests in the Philippines: formation and transformation in the 20th century |url=http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/SecondaryForest/Lasco.pdf |journal=Journal of Tropical Forest Science |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=652–670 |access-date=2025-11-27 |archive-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903005908/http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/SecondaryForest/Lasco.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taswirorin taswirar ƙasa na 2010 da Hukumar Kula da Taswira ta ƙasa ta yi ya nuna cewa jimillar gandun daji na Philippines ya kai kadada 6,839,718 (68,397.18 km2) ko kuma kashi 23% na jimillar kadada 30,000,000 na ƙasar (300,000 km2). <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2015 |title=County Report; Philippines |url=https://www.fao.org/3/a-az306e.pdf |journal=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 |location=Rome |page=4}}</ref> An bayyana saurin karuwar yawan jama'a, ba da ka'ida ba tare da ka'ida ba musamman a lokacin gwamnatin Ferdinand Marcos, saren itatuwa da hako ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba, da mahaukaciyar guguwa a matsayin manyan dalilan sare itatuwa a kasar. Rashin gandun daji yana shafar bambancin halittu a cikin Philippines kuma yana da mummunar tasiri na dogon lokaci akan samar da abinci na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philippines: The Forest and Landscape Restoration Mechanism |url=https://www.fao.org/in-action/forest-landscape-restoration-mechanism/our-work/countries/philippines/en/ |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |archive-date=2023-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113043855/https://www.fao.org/in-action/forest-landscape-restoration-mechanism/our-work/countries/philippines/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rashin gandun daji a kasar kuma an haɗa shi da ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, mutuwar, da lalacewar dukiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tacio |first=Henrylito |date=December 1, 2012 |title=Deforestation Negative Impacts: Flooding, Erosion and Damage |url=https://www.gaiadiscovery.com/climate-change_adaptation/deforestation-negative-impacts-flooding-erosion-and-damage.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Gaia Discovery |language=en-US}}</ref> Don magance sare dazuzzuka, gwamnatin Philippines ta yi kokarin kiyayewa da kuma dawo da dazuzzuka ta hanyar ayyukan sake dazuzzuka kamar shirin noma na kasa. An kuma samar da dokar da za ta kare dazuzzukan da ake da su, yayin da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, ‘yan asalin kasar, da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke gudanar da ayyukan dashen itatuwa a sassa daban-daban na kasar nan. == Tarihi == === Kashe daji a zamanin mulkin mallaka === Bayanai game da gandun daji kafin 1946 ba su da yawa, an bayar da rahoton saboda gobarar 1897 da yakin duniya na biyu wanda ya lalata bayanan [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da Amurka bi da bi. Kusan kashi 90% na Philippines, wanda ke da yawan jama'a kasa da miliyan, an yi dazuzzuka a cikin karni na 16 a farkon shekarun mulkin mallaka na Spain. A farkon lokacin mulkin mallaka na Amurka a 1903, wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa kashi 70% yayin da yawan al'ummar kasar ya karu zuwa miliyan 7.6. Bayan mamayar kasar [[Japan]] da yakin duniya na biyu a shekarar 1950, yawan dazuzzukan kasar ya kara raguwa zuwa kashi 50%, inda yawan al'ummar kasar ya karu zuwa miliyan 20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philippine deforestation: A national Spoliarium |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/science-and-environment/2009/12/03/528500/philippine-deforestation-national-spoliarium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124043754/https://www.philstar.com/business/science-and-environment/2009/12/03/528500/philippine-deforestation-national-spoliarium |archive-date=2020-11-24}}</ref> Sharar daji ya kasance sananne a cikin Visayas, musamman a tsibiran Negros, Bohol da Cebu, inda yawancin gandun dajin ya riga ya ɓace. An ci gaba da faɗaɗa aikin noma a cikin ƙarni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philippine Forests |url=https://www.birdlife.org/action/science/asia_strategy/pdf_downloads/forestsFO9.pdf |access-date=5 August 2020 |website=BirdLife |page=3}}</ref> ’Yan asali, irin su Yapayao da Isneg da ke zaune a yankin Ilocos, sannu a hankali an tura su zama a cikin tsaunukan da ba su da yawa amma masu albarkatu, wanda hakan zai haifar da rikici da masu haɓakawa a zamanin baya, musamman lokacin dokar Martial karkashin Ferdinand Marcos. <ref name="Pawilen2021SolidNorthMyth">{{Cite web |last=Pawilen |first=Reidan M. |date=May 2021 |title=The Solid North myth: an Investigation on the status of dissent and human rights during the Marcos Regime in Regions 1 and 2, 1969-1986 |url=https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=journal-articles |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113132016/https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=journal-articles |archive-date=2021-11-13 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=University of the Philippines Los Baños University Knowledge Digital Repository}}</ref> : 47   === Kashe daji a lokacin dokar soja === Shekaru na 1960 da 1970 sun ga ci gaba a Masana'antar katako, tare da masana'antar ta kai kololuwa a [[Ferdinand Marcos]]">zamanin shugaban kasa na 10 Ferdinand Marcos. A karkashin Marcos, shiga ya ɗauki babban matsayi a cikin tattalin arzikin Philippine. Bayan ayyana dokar ta-baci a cikin 1972, Marcos ya ba da izini ga manyan filaye ga manyan jami’an sojansa, abokan aikinsa,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramos |first=Marlon |date=2016-01-05 |title=Gov’t wins case vs top Marcos crony |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/752589/govt-wins-case-vs-top-marcos-crony |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> da en uwan sa. Gwamnati ta ƙarfafa fitar da katako zuwa Japan sakamakon hauhawar buƙatun itace a lokacin saurin bunƙasa tattalin arzikin Japan, da kuma matsin lamba don biyan bashin kasashen waje. Kamfanonin da aka kafa sun yi amfani da albarkatun gandun daji kuma ba a cika yin aikin sake dazuzzuka ba. Dillalan katako na Jafananci sun sayi ɗimbin gundumomi masu arha daga tushen da ba su dorewa ba, suna haɓaka sare itatuwa.Samar da log ɗin ya ƙaru daga mita cubic miliyan 6.3 (220×106 cu ft) a cikin 1960 zuwa matsakaicin mitoci cubic miliyan 10.5 (370×106 cu ft) tsakanin 1968 da 1975, wanda ya kai sama da miliyan 15 cubic mita (530×106 kimanin dala miliyan 1) Cubic meters (140×106 cu ft) a cikin 1987.<ref name="Kahl" /> A shekarun 1970s da 1980 sun ga kusan kashi 2.5% na dazuzzukan Philippine suna bacewa kowace shekara, wanda shine sau uku na sare itatuwa a duniya. === Kashe daji bayan 1986 === Ana ci gaba da saran gandun daji sosai a lokacin gwamnatocin Corazon Aquino da Fidel V. Ramos duk da kokarin dashen itatuwa saboda cin hanci da rashawa da rashin inganci a hukumomin gwamnati da abin ya shafa. A cewar Global Forest Watch, daga 2001 zuwa 2020, yawancin asarar dazuzzukan dajin a Philippines ya faru ne a Palawan. Sauran lardunan da suka yi asarar manyan gandun daji sun hada da Agusan del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Davao Oriental, da Lardin Quezon.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |date=Aug 26, 2002 |title=Palawan Leads Deforestation in the Philippines and No One Knows About It |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/palawan-leads-deforestation-a00293-20210826-lfrm |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Esquire}}</ref> == Dalilan da suka haifar == Dangane da binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya game da gandun daji na duniya, akwai kimanin hekta miliyan 4.1 (Mha) a cikin gandun daji a cikin shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deforestation |url=https://www.rainforestcoalition.org/deforestation-and-degradation |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Coalition for Rainforest Nation |publisher=Coalition for Rainforest Nation}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da tan biliyan 2.7 na hayakin carbon dioxide, yana mai da shi daidai da hayakin shekara-shekara a Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deforestation |url=https://www.rainforestcoalition.org/deforestation-and-degradation |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Coalition for Rainforest Nations |publisher=Coalition for Rainforest Nations}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga bayanan yanzu na Forest Watch na duniya, shekarun 2001 zuwa 2024 sun rasa hekta miliyan 520 na bishiyoyi, wanda ya haifar da raguwar kashi 13% a cikin bishiyoyi na duniya, wanda ya kai tan biliyan 220 na hayakin carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Deforestation Rates |url=https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/global/ |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Global Forest Watch |publisher=Global Forest Watch}}</ref> Hakazalika, jimlar kadada miliyan 1.42 na bishiyoyi sun bace a Philippines daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2022. Yawanci saboda karuwar birane a birane da larduna. Yana nuna raguwar kashi 7.6 cikin 100 na gaba dayan itatuwan kasar da ya kai kadada miliyan 18.684, wanda kuma ya kara zuwa metric ton 848 na hayakin carbon dioxide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Community-Based Forest Management in the Philippines |url=https://ap-plat.nies.go.jp/adaptation-database/list/case-study/db1358.html |access-date=10 November 2025 |website=Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform |publisher=AP-PLAT}}</ref> Dangane da kididdigar gandun daji na Philippine na 2022, Philippines tana da sama da hekta miliyan 7.22 na gandun daji ko kashi 24.07% na yawan ƙasar. Wannan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa da hekta miliyan 17.8 na gandun daji da aka rubuta a 1934.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keeping up with deforestation |url=https://climate.gov.ph/news/851 |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=Climate Change Commission}}</ref> === Manufofin gwamnati === A cewar wata masaniyar Jessica Mathews, tsare-tsare na gajeren hangen nesa na gwamnatin Philippines ya taimaka wajen yawaitar sare itatuwa: <blockquote>Gwamnati a kai a kai ta ba da izinin katako na kasa da shekaru goma. Tun da yake yana ɗaukar shekaru 30-35 don gandun daji na biyu ya girma, masu katako ba su da wani motsawa don sake dasa. Da yake ƙara kuskuren, sarauta ta karfafa masu katako su cire nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa kawai. Wani mummunan kashi 40 cikin dari na katako bai taba barin gandun daji ba, amma, saboda an lalata shi a cikin katako, ya ruɓe ko kuma an ƙone shi a wurin. Sakamakon da ba a mamaki ba na waɗannan da manufofi masu alaƙa shi ne cewa daga cikin hekta miliyan 17 na gandun daji da aka rufe waɗanda suka bunƙasa a farkon karni, miliyan 1.2 ne kawai suka rage a yau.</blockquote>Bayyanawar sare daji ga Matsin yawan jama'a ko fadada aikin gona an gano cewa ba a goyi bayan shaidar da ke akwai a cikin binciken 1992 ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kummer |first=D. M. |date=1992-04-01 |title=Upland agriculture, the land frontier and forest decline in the Philippines |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00114815 |journal=Agroforestry Systems |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=31–46 |doi=10.1007/BF00114815 |issn=1572-9680 |s2cid=32324140 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bincike na gaba ya nuna cewa karuwar manoma da ke akwai da kuma inganta kudaden shiga a waje da gona sun rage matsin gandun daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shively |first=Gerald |author-link=Gerald Shively |last2=Pagiola |first2=Stefano |date=May 2004 |title=Agricultural intensification, local labor markets, and deforestation in the Philippines |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1355770X03001177/type/journal_article |journal=Environment and Development Economics |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=241–266 |doi=10.1017/S1355770X03001177 |issn=1355-770X |s2cid=154633988 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Koyaya, a wasu sassan ƙasar cinyewar gandun daji har yanzu yana faruwa ne saboda babban buƙata ga kayan lambu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-13 |title=Averting an agricultural and ecological crisis in the Philippines' salad bowl |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2020/03/averting-an-agricultural-and-ecological-crisis-in-the-philippines-salad-bowl/ |access-date=2021-03-29 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ma'adinai da katako === Ma'adinai da katako sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da sare daji a Philippines.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 30, 2010 |title=Philippines: Deforestation through mining subsidized by CDM project {{!}} World Rainforest Movement |url=https://www.wrm.org.uy/other-information/philippines-deforestation-through-mining-subsidized-by-cdm-project |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=World Rainforest Movement |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Elyssa |date=April 4, 2022 |title=Mining in the Philippines: Of disasters and regulatory failures |url=https://pcij.org/article/8048/mining-in-the-philippines-of-disasters-and-regulatory-failures |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan [[hakar ma'adinai]] sun share manyan yankuna na gandun daji kuma sun haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa, lalacewar muhalli, asarar rayuwa, da asarar halittu iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-10-23 |title=Mining in the Philippines: The steep price our people pay to line the pockets of a few |url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2018/10/23/mining-in-the-philippines-the-steep-price-our-people-pay-to-line-the-pockets-of-a-few/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Bulatlat |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarmiento |first=Bong |date=2021-04-27 |title=Mining and logging threaten a wildlife wonderland on a Philippine mountain |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/04/mining-and-logging-threaten-a-wildlife-wonderland-on-a-philippine-mountain/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokar Jamhuriyar 7942, ko Dokar Ma'adinai ta Philippines, ta ba da damar ayyukan hakar ma'adinai don share bishiyoyi da sake komawa 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'ummomin yankin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chavez |first=Leilani |date=2021-04-15 |title=‘Complete turnaround’: Philippines’ Duterte lifts ban on new mining permits |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/04/complete-turnaround-philippines-duterte-lifts-ban-on-new-mining-permits/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokar ta ba da damar kamfanonin mallakar kasashen waje su shiga cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai. A cewar kungiyar muhalli ta Alyansa Tigil Mina, dokar "ta ba da izini ga cinye dukiyarmu ta ƙasa," kuma cewa "yanayin zai kara muni ne kawai idan aka ba da izinin ChaCha masu ci gaba da kamfanoni na kasa da kasa suyi aiki ba tare da hukunci ba".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |date=February 15, 2024 |title=Profits over planet and people? Green, indigenous groups oppose charter change |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/climate-and-environment/2024/02/15/2333583/profits-over-planet-and-people-green-indigenous-groups-oppose-charter-change |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Philippine Star}}</ref> Kashe katako ba bisa ka'ida ba yana faruwa a cikin Philippines <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teehankee |first=Julio C. |year=1993 |title=The State, Illegal Logging, and Environmental NGOs, in the Philippines |url=http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/930/928 |journal=Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |issn=2012-080X |access-date=2025-11-27 |archive-date=2019-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111124729/http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/930/928 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma yana kara lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa a wasu yankuna. Rashin gandun daji wanda ya haifar da hakar ma'adinai ko katako an danganta shi da irin waɗannan bala'o'in muhalli kamar Bala'in Ormoc da Bala'in Ondoy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-08 |title=Irreversible: envionmental costs of large-scale mining |url=https://www.ibon.org/irreversible-envionmental-costs-of-large-scale-mining/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=IBON Foundation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hance |first=Jeremy |date=2012-12-06 |title=Illegal logging, mining worsened impact of Philippines’ killer typhoon |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2012/12/illegal-logging-mining-worsened-impact-of-philippines-killer-typhoon/ |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Francisco |first=Katerina |date=2016-11-05 |title=Look back: The 1991 flash flood that devastated Ormoc City |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/151178-look-back-1991-flash-flood-ormoc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715135705/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/151178-look-back-1991-flash-flood-ormoc/ |archive-date=July 15, 2022 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Rappler |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranada |first=Pia |date=2014-07-06 |title=After Ondoy: Hope for the Upper Marikina Watershed |url=https://www.rappler.com/environment/62389-after-ondoy-hope-upper-marikina-watershed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420012959/https://www.rappler.com/environment/62389-after-ondoy-hope-upper-marikina-watershed/ |archive-date=April 20, 2024 |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Rappler |language=en-US}}</ref> === Canjin ƙasa === Ana kuma haifar da saran gandun daji ta hanyar sauya ƙasa don aikin noma na kamfanoni, amfanin gona na kuɗi, gidaje, da ababen more rayuwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-27 |title=A glimpse at the critical state of the Philippine environment |url=https://www.ibon.org/a-glimpse-at-the-critical-state-of-the-philippine-environment/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=IBON Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Gidauniyar IBON ta bada misali da kadada miliyan daya da aka ware domin noman dabino a Mindanao, da Ginawa, Ginawa, Gina ayyukan more rayuwa da zasu lalata dazuzzuka, wuraren ruwa, gonaki, da sana’o’i, tare da raba al’ummar yankin.<ref name=":2" /> === Bala'o'i na halitta === [[Fayil:Coconut_trees_destroyed_by_Typhoon_Bopha_in_Boston,_Davao_Oriental.jpg|thumb|Itacen kwakwa da Typhoon Bopha ya lalata a Boston, Davao Oriental a cikin 2012]] Hadari masu lalacewa a cikin Philippines, kamar Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) a cikin 2013, suma suna haifar da lalacewar gandun daji da defoliation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tolentino |first=Pamela Louise |last2=Geronia |first2=Mart Cyrel |last3=Clutario |first3=Mark Vincent |last4=David |first4=Carlos Primo |date=25 November 2015 |title=Potential long-term impact of Typhoon Haiyan on the water resources of Tacloban and its vicinity |url=https://www.cddjournal.org/article/view/vol01-iss01-003 |journal=Climate, Disaster and Development Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=9–14 |doi=10.18783/cddj.v001.i01.a02 |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malabrigo |first=Pastor L. Jr. |last2=Umali |first2=Arthur Glenn A. |last3=Replan |first3=Enrico L. |date=2016 |title=Damage Assessment and Recovery Monitoring of the Mangrove Forests in Calauit Island Affected by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) |url=https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/journals-uplb/index.php/JESAM/article/download/494/471/ |journal=Journal of Environmental Science and Management |issue=Special |pages=39, 43 |issn=0119-1144 |access-date=3 March 2023 |archive-date=3 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303050204/https://ovcre.uplb.edu.ph/journals-uplb/index.php/JESAM/article/download/494/471/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Karewa == [[Fayil:FLII_Philippines.png|thumb|Cini kayya na Kasuwanci 2019 Taswirar Philippines]] Shirin [[REDD da REDD+|REDD+]] + na ƙasar Philippines, wanda ke da niyyar rage hayakin gas daga sare daji, an tsara shi kuma an gabatar da shi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-13 |title=The Philippines National REDD+ Strategy |url=https://www.un-redd.org/document-library/philippines-national-redd-strategy |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=UNREDD Programme |language=en}}</ref> Sabuntawa ga dabarun da Ofishin Kula da dazuzzuka da Gudanarwa na Philippines ya buga ya nuna cewa tun daga shekarar 2017, gundumar har yanzu tana cikin farkon shirin aiwatar da dabarun REDD +.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilagan |first=Karol |date=May 12, 2021 |title=7M hectares of Philippine land are forested — and that’s bad news |url=https://pcij.org/article/5628/the-philippines-has-7m-hectares-of-forests-why-thats-bad-news |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism |language=en}}</ref> An rattaba hannu kan dokar zartarwa ta 23 a watan Fabrairun 2011 ta hana yin caca a duk fadin kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |date=March 15, 2018 |title=Timeline: Logging bans from Cory to Rody |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/03/15/1797166/timeline-logging-bans-cory-rody |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> An dakatar da sabbin yarjejeniyar hakar ma'adinai a cikin 2012 don kare muhalli, kodayake an ba da izinin ma'adanai na yanzu su ci gaba da aiki. An kafa dokar hana hako ma'adinai a fadin kasar baki daya a shekarar 2017. Sakatariyar Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Kasa (DENR) Gina Lopez ta dakatar da ba da izini ga ayyukan hakar ma'adinai 26 da suka saba wa ka'idojin muhalli. An dage haramcin buda-baki da sauran ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a shekarar 2021.<ref name=":0"/> Dangane da waɗannan ƙalubalen muhalli, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun ƙasa (DENR) ta lissafa nau'ikan tsire-tsire daban-daban waɗanda za a iya dasa su a duk faɗin ƙasar don haɓaka ciyawar birane da sake dazuzzuka. Bisa ga littafin Jagoran Philippine akan Tsire-tsire masu dacewa da Greening Urban, waɗannan sun haɗa da nau'in asali kamar Pakpak-Lauin (Bird's Nest Fern), Anahaw, [[Manila]] Palm, Kapa-kapa, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya dasa wasu nau'ikan da ba na asali ba saboda daidaitawar gida kuma ba su da halayen ɓarna waɗanda ke yin mummunan tasiri ga jin daɗin ɗan adam da dukiyoyinsu. Ana ba da shawarar tsire-tsire na asali da waɗanda ba na asali ba don iyawarsu don daidaitawa da yanayin gida, ba da gudummawa ga bambance-bambancen halittu, da tallafawa maido da muhalli. === Sabuntawa === ==== Manufofin gwamnati ==== A watan Yunin 1977, Shugaba Ferdinand Marcos ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ke buƙatar dasa itace daya a kowane wata na shekaru biyar a jere ta kowane ɗan ƙasar Philippines.<ref name="GovPH-PD1153">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Decree No. 1153, s. 1977 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/06/06/presidential-decree-no-1153-s-1977/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923102153/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1977/06/06/presidential-decree-no-1153-s-1977/ |archive-date=23 September 2017 |access-date=24 December 2019 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> Shugaba Corazon Aquino ya soke dokar a watan Yulin 1987, ta hanyar Dokar Zartarwa ta 287, wanda ya bayyana cewa dasa bishiyoyi "za a iya cimma su ba tare da tilastawa da azabtarwa ba don rashin bin doka kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Dokar". <ref name="GovPH-EO287">{{Cite web |title=Executive Order No. 287, s. 1987 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/07/25/executive-order-no-287-s-1987/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916173118/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/07/25/executive-order-no-287-s-1987/ |archive-date=16 September 2017 |access-date=24 December 2019 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> Shugaban kasar Benigno Aquino III ya kafa tsarin Greening na kasa (NGP) tare da rattaba hannu kan dokar zartarwa mai lamba 26 a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2011 |title=Executive Order No. 26, s. 2011 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2011/02/24/executive-order-no-26-s-2011/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523045132/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2011/02/24/executive-order-no-26-s-2011/ |archive-date=23 May 2020 |access-date=5 August 2020 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> Shirin na nufin kara yawan gandun dajin kasar a hekta miliyan 1.5 (kilomita 15,000) mai dauke da bishiyoyi biliyan 1.5 daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2016. A shekarar 2015, an fadada shirin don rufe duk sauran dazuzzukan da ba su da noman noma, da gurbacewar yanayi da gurbacewar dazuzzukan da kuma lokacin aiwatar da shi daga 2018 zuwa 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2015 |title=Executive Order No. 193, s. 2015 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2015/11/12/executive-order-no-193-s-2015/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911094726/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2015/11/12/executive-order-no-193-s-2015/ |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=5 August 2020 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2012, Shugaba Benigno Aquino III ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ke buƙatar duk 'yan ƙasa masu iyawa na Philippines, waɗanda ke da akalla shekaru 12, su dasa itace ɗaya a kowace shekara.<ref name="GovPH-RA10176">{{Cite web |title=Republic Act No. 10176 |url=http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10176/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417144007/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/09/12/republic-act-no-10176/ |archive-date=17 April 2018 |access-date=24 December 2019 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> Babu wani tanadi a cikin doka don tilastawa da saka idanu kan bin wannan buƙata. A cikin watan Yuni 2020, DENR ta fara ba da izinin "hanyar iyali" a ƙarƙashin Shirin Greening na ƙasa, yana ba da damar iyalai su kafa dazuzzuka da suka ƙunshi katako da nau'ikan da ba na katako, waɗanda suka haɗa da bamboo da rattan. ==== Ayyukan dasa bishiyoyi ==== [[Fayil:Man-made_Forest,_Bilar,_Bohol.jpg|thumb|Dajin mahogany da mutum ya yi a Bilar, Bohol]] Akwai ayyukan dashen itatuwa da ake gudanarwa a sassa daban-daban na kasar. A ranar 8 ga Maris, 2012, an dasa itatuwan mangrove 1,009,029 a cikin sa'a daya, ta hanyar hadin gwiwar Gwamna Lray Villafuerte na El Verde Movement da mutanen San Rafael na Ragay, Camarines Sur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Most mangrove trees planted within one hour (team) |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/101647-most-mangrove-trees-planted-within-one-hour-team |access-date=5 August 2020 |website=Guinness World Records}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2014, Philippines ta karya rikodin Guinness na Duniya na "Mafi yawan bishiyoyi da aka dasa lokaci guda (wuri da yawa)", inda aka dasa bishiyoyi 2,294,629 a wurare 29 a duk faɗin ƙasar ta mahalarta 122,168 a taron da TreeVolution: Greening MindaNOW (Philippine) suka shirya. Bishiyoyin da aka dasa a yayin taron sun hada da roba, cacao, kofi, katako, bishiyar mahogany, da kuma itatuwan 'ya'yan itace iri-iri da sauran nau'in halittun kasar. === Dokokin da aka gabatar === A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019, Majalisar Wakilai ta Philippines ta amince da Dokar Majalisar 8728, ko kuma "Gaskiya ta Graduation for the Environment Act," wanda wakilin Magdalo Party-List Gary Alejano da wakilin Gundumar Cavite na 2 ya Strike Revilla, yana buƙatar duk daliban da suka kammala karatun firamare, makarantar sakandare, da kwaleji su dasa akalla bishiyoyi 10 kowannensu kafin su kammala karatu. An gabatar da irin wannan dokar Majalisar Dattijai amma ba a wuce ba. Dokar House 5240, ko Dokar Amfani da Filaye ta Ƙasa, da Dokar House 9088, ko Dokar Kula da Daji mai Dorewa, an amince da su a cikin Majalisar Wakilai don magance sare itatuwa, canza amfani da ƙasa, da sauran matsalolin muhalli. Kudirin doka na takwaransa a majalisar dattawa ya tsaya cak a cikin kwamitin kan muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilagan |first=Karol |last2=Teodoro |first2=Martha |date=July 16, 2021 |title=Land use bill, other measures protecting forests stuck in Cynthia Villar's Senate committee |url=https://pcij.org/article/6724/land-use-bill-other-measures-protecting-forests-stuck-in-cynthia-villars-senate-committee |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism |language=en}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin muhalli sun yi kira da a sake duba dokar haƙar ma'adinai ta Philippine, da ka'idojin kamun kifi, da cikakken tsarin amfani da ƙasa, da kuma Faɗaɗɗen Tsarin Tsarin Kare Yankuna na ƙasa don tabbatar da alhakin kula da muhalli da albarkatun ƙasa. Kungiyoyin kare muhalli sun kuma yi kira da a amince da dokar hakar ma'adanai da kuma dokar kare muhalli.<ref name=":1"/> == Yunkurin fafutuka == [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|Kananan hukumomi]], al'ummomin ƴan asalin ƙasar, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan ayyuka masu lalata kamar su sare itatuwa da ma'adanai. Ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Alyansa Tigil Mina da Kalikasan People's Network for Environment. <ref name=":0"/> === Barazanar masu kula da muhalli === Ana zargin kashe masu fafutukar kare muhalli da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam Global Witness, kashi uku na masu kare filaye da aka kashe a Philippines daga 2012 zuwa 2024, masu fafutukar yaki da hakar ma'adinai ne.<ref name=":1"/> == Dubi kuma == * [[Gurɓatar muhalli da filaye a Philippines|Batutuwan muhalli a cikin Philippines]] * Dajin ruwan sama na Luzon * Magana da Factoran == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *  {{cite book|last1=Cavanagh|first1=John|last2=Broad|first2=Robin|title=Plundering Paradise: The Struggle for the Environment in the Philippines|year=1994|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-08921-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780520089211}} * {{Cite journal |last=Magno |first=Francisco |date=April 2001 |title=Forest Devolution and Social Capital: State-Civil Society Relations in the Philippines |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3985087 |journal=Environmental History |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=264–286 |doi=10.2307/3985087 |jstor=3985087 |s2cid=73544321 |url-access=subscription}} == Haɗin waje == * [[Mongabay]].com/20philippines.htm" id="mwBG8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">dazuzzuka na Philippines a Mongabay * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120219142414/http://www.illegal-logging.info/approach.php?a_id=88 Kashe katako ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin Phililpines] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101231111807/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/vanishing_treasures/Deforestation_1.htm Dajin da ya ɓace] a Fieldmuseum.org [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3dxvt306ohn4eorg1utm94xu4akvb9a 0 121288 891848 739625 2026-08-06T04:36:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kundin wanda ke da lokacin gudu na minti 55 shine aikin kiɗa na 15-track wanda ke nuna Fally Ipupa, Tekno, Phyno, Biggie Igba, Beenie Man, Waga G da Larry Gaaga . Hakanan yana da aikin baƙo na Odumeje . [1] [2] Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na kundin yana zuwa Masterkraft, Rotimi Keys, Selebobo, Spax, Stadic, Jonny Blaze, Marvio da DJ Tunez. [3] == Marasa aure == Flavor ya fito da Looking Nyash a matsayin guda daga kundin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Motolani |first=Alake |date=2020-12-04 |title=STREAM: Flaovur - Looking Nyash [SINGLE] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-flaovur-looking-nyash-single/b1q54d9 |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar tana magana ne game da sha'awar macen Afirka ta baya, kuma Flavor yana murna da ɗaukaka shi. == liyafar == {{Music ratings|rev1=''Pulse Nigeria''|rev1score=6.9/10|rev2=''TooXclusive''|rev2score=8/10}}Motolani Alake na ''Pulse Nigeria'' ya yi ra'ayin cewa jerin waƙoƙin za su iya yin ta da ƴan tweaks, kuma album ɗin zai iya yin hakan ba tare da "Sawa Sawa", "Odoyewu" da "Omeihoma". Ya kuma lura cewa "Ƙashin ɗan Afirka ne ba tare da tuba ba a cikin kundin - takensa cikakke ne." A taƙaice, ya ƙididdige kundin 6.9/10. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Motolani |first=Alake |date=2020-12-12 |title=REVIEW: Flavour - Flavour of Africa |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-flavour-flavour-of-africa/vmpf03l |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923200757/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-flavour-flavour-of-africa/vmpf03l |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da suke nazarin kundin, Dozie Asogwa da Chioma Onyefuosaonu na ''TooXclusive'' sun lura cewa kokarin Flavour na kama wasu abubuwan da ke nuna bambancin Afirka ya yi kyau, ya kara da cewa "Domin fasaha da aka kirkira da kuma wani yanki da zai iya wuce lokaci, wannan kundin ''Flavor of Africa'' an kimanta 8/10". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-23 |title=[Album Review] "Flavour Of Africa" Captures God, Women, Love And Celebration « tooXclusive |url=https://tooxclusive.com/album-review-flavour-of-africa-captures-god-women-love-and-celebration/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=tooXclusive |language=en-US}}</ref> ''[[This Day]]'' a cikin wata kasida ta lura cewa wani waƙa daga kundin, "Looking Nyash", yana samun ra'ayoyi mara kyau biyo bayan yanayin da Flavor ya ɗauki wata mace tsirara a kafaɗunsa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2020-12-12 |title=Flavour of Africa |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/12/12/flavour-of-africa/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> == Waƙa da jeri ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8sbd96li5ghmcab0hm1hzu6n3szrdah 0 121362 891959 785486 2026-08-06T09:59:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Believe shine kundin studio na farko na mawakin [[Najeriya]] kuma marubucin waka Sugarboy. An sake shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2017, ta hanyar G-Worldwide Entertainment. Musamman wanda Emperor Geezy ya samar tare da ƙarin abubuwan samarwa daga Young John, DJ Coublon, BeatBurx, Tony Ross, Da Genius, Luis AMG, Papi J, Celony, da Bangaz. Kundin yana nuna alamar abokin aure Kiss Daniel, [1] mai guda ɗaya " Hola Hola ". == Fage == Sugarboy ya shaida wa Nishaɗi na Najeriya A Yau, a ranar 2 ga Maris, 2017, dalilin da ya sa [[Kizz Daniel|Kiss Daniel]] ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mawallafin da aka nuna a cikin kundin sa na farko "Ba tare da nuna wani mai fasaha ba a kan kundi na ban da Kiss Daniel wanda na yi aiki tare da shi akan waƙoƙi biyu yana cikin dabarun lakabin". <ref name="Nigerian Entertainment Today">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2017 |title=Why Kiss Daniel is the only featured artiste on Sugarboy’s debut album |url=https://thenet.ng/kiss-daniel-featured-artiste-sugarboy-debut-album/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Maris 2017, ya gaya wa [[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]] cewa "Akwai waƙoƙi 22 a cikin kundin amma sai na yi rikodin waƙoƙi kusan 40, kafin in zaɓi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2017 |title=I’m not competing with Kiss Daniel –Sugarboy |url=https://punchng.com/im-not-competing-with-kiss-daniel-sugarboy/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> == Singles da gabatarwa == A cikin 2016, Sugarboy ya fitar da jagorar guda " Hola Hola " akan 16 Janairu 2016, yayin da yake aiki akan kundi na studio. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2017, ya ba da sanarwar ranar fitar da kundin sa, wanda za a fitar a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2016 ta hanyar G-Worldwide Entertainment. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=Sugarboy set to drop Debut Album titled “Believe” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/02/sugarboy-set-to-drop-debut-album-titled-believe/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=BellaNaija}}</ref> " Hola Hola " na halarta na farko a lamba 7 akan Nigeria Playdata charts, da MTV Base Hottest Naija Tracks na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2016 |title=Phyno's 'Fada Fada' named hottest track of 2016 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/phynos-fada-fada-named-hottest-track-2016/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> Kundin waƙar "Biyu", an sake shi a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2016 kuma BeatBurx ya samar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2016 |title=Sugarboy - 'Double' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-music-sugarboy-double/bs08pll |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201104335/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-music-sugarboy-double/bs08pll |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Mattmax]] ne ya jagoranci bidiyon kiɗan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2016 |title=VIDEO: Sugarboy – Double |url=https://www.informationng.com/2016/06/video-sugarboy-double.html |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> An saki waƙar ta uku, "Halatta", a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2016, wanda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2016 |title=Sugarboy - 'Legalize' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-music-sugarboy-legalize/298e8lv |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bidiyo, [[Adasa Cookey]] ne ya jagoranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUSIC VIDEO: Sugarboy - Legalize |url=http://www.factory78.com/2016/10/music-video-sugarboy-legalize.html#.Yla_FpHMK00 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Factory78}}</ref> Waƙar ta huɗu, "Dada Omo", [[DJ Coublon]] ne ya shirya kuma ya fito a ranar 3 ga Janairu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2017 |title=Sugarboy - 'Dada Omo' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/new-music-sugarboy-dada-omo/rvfz1sg |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Bidiyon kiɗan, Aje Filmworks ne ya yi fim kuma ya ba da umarni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2017 |title='Dada omo' [Video] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/sugarboy-dada-omo-video/21200eq |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2017, Sugarboy ya gudanar da wani wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa a Grand Ballroom na Oriental Hotel, a Legas, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2017 |title=Sugarboy thrills fans at album listening party |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/sugarboy-thrills-fans-album-listening-party/ |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> don inganta ''bangaskiya'', tare da sauraron sauraron kundi wanda Jimmie Akinsola ya shirya, tare da kiɗa daga DJ Shabsy, da DJ Kaywise . The Believe album lunch concert, line-up includes labelmate [[Kizz Daniel|Kiss Daniel]], and support by [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]], [[Banki na Reekado|Reekado Banks]], Sean Tizzle, [[Emma Nyra]], Lil [[Lil Kesh|Kesh]], Runtown, [[Iyanya]], [[Kcee (mawaki)|Kcee]], Praiz , [[Ice Prince]] [[Mayorkun|,]] [[Chidinma]], Yung6ix, CD . <ref>{{Cite web |last=adesanya |first=dayo |date=10 April 2017 |title=G-Worldwide entertainment presents the anticipated album concert of 2017 “Believe” |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/sugarboy-g-worldwide-entertainment-presents-the-anticipated-album-concert-of-2017/npbylc3 |access-date=14 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mahimman liyafar == {{Album ratings|align=right|rev1=Pulse Nigeria|rev1Score={{rating|1|5}}}}'''Yi imani''' an karɓi bita daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wani marubuci mai suna Pulse Nigeria, Jonathan ya ce "Ba za ku iya yarda da Sugarboy ba" kuma ya kwatanta wakokin da ke cikin kundin a matsayin "mai fafutuka da aka yi la'akari da sautin muryarsa". <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2017 |title=You can’t believe in Sugarboy after listening to “Believe” album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-album-review-you-cant-believe-in-sugarboy-after-listening-to-believe-album/1ws84dx |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kuma ya ce, "albam ɗin ya zo da wuri don Sugarboy". Da yake bita don Kiɗa a Afirka, ɗan jaridar kiɗa Oris Aigbokhaevbolo ya ce "Akwai 'yan tsiraru kaɗan ne kawai akan Imani; Babban aibinsa shine ɓacin rai na monotony a tsakiya da tsayin album ɗin. Amma akwai adadin waƙoƙin da suka cancanci kamar "Halatta", "Holla Holla", da "Kilamity" suna aiki har yanzu. Ya rufe bitar, yana mai cewa "Idan taken yana neman imani da kundin, to yana da yawa don tambaya". Kuma ya ce, "Abin da Sugarboy's Believe ke buƙata shine babban haɓakawa daga lakabin rikodin da haƙuri daga masu sauraron sa". <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2017 |title=Sugarboy – Believe |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sugarboy-%E2%80%93-believe |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=Music In Africa |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413131332/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sugarboy-%E2%80%93-believe |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Waƙa da jeri ==   {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Yanki ! Kwanan wata ! Tsarin ! Lakabi |- ! scope="row" | Daban-daban | Afrilu 22, 2017 | | G-Nishaɗin Duniya |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rdsklh2u4vn2w48e2z4p2y9ur9va41y 0 121453 891850 788001 2026-08-06T05:18:19Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891850 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Biosecurity_New_Zealand_logo.jpg|right]] Tsaron halittu a New Zealand na kiyaye barazanar da ake yi wa noma da bambancin halittu, tare da daukar tsauraran matakan kiyaye kan iyaka don hana wasu kwayoyin da ba a so su shiga cikin kasar. New Zealand ƙasa ce tsibiri da ke keɓantacce daga kowace ƙasa mai mahimmanci. Nau'in da ke akwai sun samo asali ne a cikin rashin kwayoyin halitta daga wasu wurare kuma suna nuna babban matsayi na endemism. Abin lura shi ne rashin dabbobi masu shayarwa, sai dai nau'in jemagu guda biyu. Jinsunan ƴan asali suna cikin haɗari daga raguwar yawan jama'a ko bacewa idan an gabatar da kowane nau'in ɓarna. Ma'aikatar Masana'antu na Farko (MPI) ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati da ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar halittu na New Zealand. Dokar Biosecurity 1993, wacce ita ce farkon duniya don sarrafa lafiyar halittu, an zartar da shi don "sake sakewa da sake fasalin dokar da ta shafi keɓancewa, kawar da kai, da ingantaccen sarrafa kwari da ƙwayoyin da ba a so". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biosecurity Act 1993 No 95 (as at 01 July 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation |url=http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0095/latest/DLM314623.html |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=New Zealand Government}}</ref> __NOTOC__ An bullo da wata rumbun adanar bayanan RFID, tsare-tsaren tsare-tsare da gano abubuwan (NAIT) da aka tsara don gano a cikin 2012, amma a cikin 2017, tsare tsare Mycoplasma bovis ya nuna cewa ba a cika cika ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=QA on Mycoplasma bovis, untangling truth from fiction of cattle disease |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/104259976/qa-on-mycoplasma-bovis-untangling-truth-from-fiction-of-cattle-disease |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ofishin gwamnati na yanzu da ke da alhakin tsaro a New Zealand shine Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko. Ya ƙunshi sassan kasuwanci guda biyar (Aikin Noma da Sabis, Biosecurity New Zealand, Kifi New Zealand, Tsaron Abinci na New Zealand da ''Te Uru Rākau -'' Sabis ɗin dazuzzuka na New Zealand.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Industries |first=Ministry for Primary |date=2024-03-01 |title=Business units of the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) {{!}} MPI - Ministry for Primary Industries. A New Zealand Government Department. |url=https://www.mpi.govt.nz/about-mpi/mpis-business-units/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.mpi.govt.nz |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Haɗuwa a cikin 2012 ta kafa tsarin yanzu na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAF to become Ministry for Primary Industries {{!}} Beehive.govt.nz |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/maf-become-ministry-primary-industries |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.beehive.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> Kafin wannan, tsaron halittu shine alhakin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Kifi (MAF). == Kula da iyakoki == Sashen kasuwanci na Ma'aikatar Masana'antu na Firamare' Biosecurity New Zealand ita ce ke da alhakin kare lafiyar halittu a kan iyaka. Kazalika kasancewa da alhakin kula da kan iyakokin halittu inda akwai fasinja na ƙasa da ƙasa da zirga-zirgar sufuri, jami'an Biosecurity na New Zealand kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan kiyaye lafiyar halittu a cikin ƙasar. A cikin teku da filayen jirgin sama, ana bincikar kaya, fasinjoji da kayan fasinja don ƙwayoyin da ba a so; tare da kona duk wanda aka samu. Jami'an da aka nada a matsayin "jami'an keɓe masu zaman kansu" jami'an tsaro ne masu sanye da kayan aiki waɗanda ke amfani da iko da yawa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsaro ta Biosecurity 1993 da sauran dokoki. Fasinjoji dole ne su sanya hannu kan takardar sanarwa da ke nuna cewa ba su da wani abu da ke haifar da haɗarin rayuwa ga New Zealand kuma ana iya ci tarar rashin yin hakan. An fi ci tarar baƙi zuwa New Zealand don kawo kayan kamun kifi, iri, 'ya'yan itace, bamboo da kayayyakin katako a kan iyaka. A wuraren kula da iyakoki kamar filayen jirgin sama, ana amfani da beagles don gano kayan da ke haifar da haɗarin rayuwa saboda suna da ƙanƙanta kuma ba su da tsoro ga mutanen da ba su da daɗi a kusa da karnuka, sauƙin kulawa, masu hankali da aiki da kyau don lada. Idan akwai barazanar yaduwar kwayoyin da ba a so a cikin New Zealand, ana aiwatar da matakan karewa. Misali, Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata), wani algae mai cin zarafi da aka gano a New Zealand a cikin 2004, ya kasance batun yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa baki ɗaya don hana yaɗuwar sa. Don hana yaduwar cutar kauri mai mutuwa ana ba da shawarar cewa a yi amfani da hanyoyin da ke cikin dazuzzuka kuma a tsaftace kayan aiki kafin a bar wurin da bishiyoyin kauri suke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kauri Dieback Long Term Management: National Programme: New Zealand |url=http://www.kauridieback.co.nz/home/kauri-dieback.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305024856/http://www.kauridieback.co.nz/home/kauri-dieback.aspx |archive-date=5 March 2012 |access-date=17 January 2012 |publisher=KEEP KAURI STANDING: – New Zealand Government}}</ref> === Yankin da aka hana 'ya'yan itace na Queensland === Guda 'ya'yan itacen Queensland (Bactrocera tryoni) ya haifar da lalacewar amfanin gonakin 'ya'yan itacen Australiya sama da dala miliyan 28.5 a shekara. Don haka, wannan nau'in yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiyar halittu a New Zealand. Yankin keɓanta gardama (FFEZ) yana iyakance motsin 'ya'yan itace tsakanin jihohin [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] da New Zealand. == 2017 Yaduwar ''Mycoplasma bovis'' == A ranar 21 ga Yuli 2017 Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Mycoplasma bovis |url=https://www.mpi.govt.nz/protection-and-response/responding/alerts/mycoplasma-bovis/ |publisher=Ministry for Primary Industries (New Zealand) |access-date=2025-11-30 |archive-date=2018-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622011002/http://www.mpi.govt.nz/protection-and-response/responding/alerts/mycoplasma-bovis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sanar da cewa wasu shanun da ke kusa da Oamaru a tsibirin Kudu sun kasance Mycoplasma bovis tabbatacce. Har zuwa lokacin, New Zealand da Norway sune kawai ƙasashen OECD waɗanda ba su da cutar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2018 |title=Cow disease found in dairy herd for first time in New Zealand |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/farming/national-farm/95087613/Cow-disease-found-in-dairy-herd-for-first-time-in-New-Zealand |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> (Cutar ba ta da haɗari ga mutane.)<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2018 |title=Cattle disease Mycoplasma bovis rated low risk by health officials |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/104304179/cattle-disease-mycoplasma-bovis-rated-low-risk-by-health-officials |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> Da farko an yi tunanin cewa cutar ta kasance a cikin Kudancin Canterbury.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2017 |title=Mycoplasma bovis contained within South Canterbury MPI says |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/98043898/mycoplasma-bovis-contained-within-south-canterbury-mpi-says |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> Koyaya, daga baya, an kashe wasu shanu 26,000 kuma a watan Mayu na 2018 ministan, Damien O'Connor, ya sanar da cewa gwamnati ta yanke shawarar (bayan tuntubar manoma) cewa an ba da shawarar kawar da cutar. Wannan zai buƙaci yanka wasu shanu 146,000 a cikin kimanin shekaru biyu, kuma zai kashe dala miliyan 886, idan aka kwatanta da farashin dala biliyan 1.2 don sarrafa cutar. Kashewa kuma zai zama "duniya ta farko".<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2018 |title=New Zealand could achieve world first by eradicating mycoplasma |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/104181125/new-zealand-could-achieve-world-first-by-eradicating-mycoplasma?rm=m |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa watakila kashi 70% na manoma ba su cika bukatun ba tun 2012 don bin diddigin motsi na shanu, musamman maraƙin da aka sayar "don kuɗi". <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=QA on Mycoplasma bovis, untangling truth from fiction of cattle disease |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/104259976/qa-on-mycoplasma-bovis-untangling-truth-from-fiction-of-cattle-disease |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2018 |title=Why NAIT failed in cattle disease outbreak and what's being done about it |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/103942896/why-nait-failed-in-cattle-disease-outbreak--and-whats-being-done-about-it |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> Wani yiwuwar shi ne shigo da magunguna ba bisa ka'ida ba ta kamfanonin likitan dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2018 |title=Vet companies importing illegal drugs likely source of mycoplasma |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/102822962/vet-companies-importing-illegal-drugs-likely-source-of-mycoplasma |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> Kimanin kwanan nan na adadin da za a kashe ya kasance 152,000 a watan Yunin 2018; 126,000 tare da 26,000 da aka riga aka kashe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=MPI flexible on timing of Mycoplasma bovis cow cull |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/104704370/mpi-flexible-on-timing-of-mycoplasma-bovis-cow-cull |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> A watan Agustan shekarar 2018, wani manomi dan kasar Kudu da aka gano a matsayin asalin tushen barkewar cutar, an tuhumi shi a karkashin dokar kare lafiyar dabbobi dangane da shigo da wasu injina gonaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2018 |title=Farmer at centre of m-bovis outbreak faces charges |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/106610091/farmer-at-centre-of-m-bovis-outbreak-faces-charges |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> == Sauran sanannun hare-hare == An sami raguwa da yawa a cikin New Zealand, kuma a wasu lokuta an gudanar da yaduwar kawar da kwayoyin cuta. * An gano asu din apple da aka fentin a [[Auckland]] a cikin 1999. An kafa wani yanki na biocontainment kuma an gudanar da shirin yaduwa mai rikitarwa don kawar da asu. Da'awar cewa ya haifar da ciwon daji ba a tabbatar da shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2009 |title=Ombudsman criticises spray campaign |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/western-leader/175954/Ombudsman-criticises-spray-campaign |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2012 |title=More tests in moth spray victim case |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/6640106/More-tests-in-moth-spray-victim-case |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2013 |title=Moth spray cancer appeal thrown out |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/8498533/Moth-spray-cancer-appeal-thrown-out |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2017 |title=Bob Brockie says stopping exotic invaders may be impossible |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/91776524/bob-brockie-stopping-exotic-invaders-may-be-impossible |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> * An kama wani namiji gypsy asu a cikin tarko a cikin 2003 a cikin iyakokin birnin Hamilton. An fara shirin aikace-aikacen maganin kwari na iska don hana kafa duk wani yawan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2020 |title=Protection & response |url=https://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/protection-and-response/finding-and-reporting-pests-and-diseases/priority-pests-plant-aquatic/tree-forestry-pests/gypsy-moth/ |publisher=Biosecurity New Zealand}}</ref> * An yi tunanin cewa an kafa ƙudan zuma a New Zealand saboda an shigo da ƙudan zumeyyar sarauniya a cikin ƙasar. * An gano kwari na 'ya'yan itace na Queensland (''Bactrocera tryoni'') a Auckland a cikin 2012 da 2015, wanda ya haifar da haramtacciyar haramtacciya kan motsi na kayan [[shuka]] a wasu sassan Auckland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2012 |title=Fly breach blamed on relaxed security |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/6907960/Fly-breach-blamed-on-relaxed-security |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2015 |title=Fruit fly discovered in Auckland |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/agribusiness/66341992/fruit-fly-discovered-in-auckland |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2015 |title=bugman Ruud Kleinpaste on the Queensland fruit fly |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/advice/66868996/bugman-ruud-kleinpaste-on-the-queensland-fruit-fly |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2015 |title=Auckland fruit fly lockdown eases |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/67564031/auckland-fruit-fly-lockdown-eases |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2015 |title=Fruit fly gone after $136 million eradication\ programme |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/74758465/fruit-fly-gone-after-136-million-eradication-programme |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> * Kwayar cutar shuka Pseudomonas syringae pv. ''actinidiae'' (PSA), wanda ke shafar kiwifruit, ana zaton ya isa New Zealand watanni 18 kafin a lura da alamun cutar. A cikin 2018 masu shuka (amma ba wasu masu aiki ba) sun lashe shari'ar kotu a kan gwamnati, wanda ya gano cewa gwamnati ta karya "aikin kulawa" ga masu shuka, kuma barkewar 2010 ta kasance a kan "daidaitawar yiwuwar" saboda shigo da pollen na kiwifruit ta kamfanin Te Puke daga 2007 zuwa 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2018 |title=Kiwifruit growers win partial victory in High Court |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/105113232/kiwifruit-growers-win-partial-victory-in-high-court |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> * An gano tsatsa na Myrtle (''Puccinia psidii'') a cikin ɗakin yara na Kerikeri a watan Mayu 2017. Yanzu an tabbatar da tsatsa a wurare sama da 100 a fadin Taranaki, Te Puke, Waikato, Northland, Auckland da Wellington.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2017 |title=Commercial impacts of myrtle rust |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/farming/92445230/commercial-impacts-of-myrtle-rust |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2018 |title=MPI waves white flag against spreading myrtle rust |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/102898327/mpi-waves-white-flag-against-spreading-myrtle-rust |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2018 |title=Myrtle rust case confirmed near Wellingtons Zealandia ecosanctuary |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/102628496/myrtle-rust-case-confirmed-near-wellingtons-zealandia-ecosanctuary |publisher=Stuff (Fairfax)}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2005, an yi ikirarin cewa an saki cutar ƙafa da baki a tsibirin Waiheke kuma za a sake shi a wani wuri sai dai idan an biya kuɗi kuma an yi gyare-gyaren haraji. An fara ba da cikakkiyar amsawar cuta ta noma. Ba a ba da izinin shiga ko barin tsibirin ba kuma an gwada haja a tsibirin kowane sa'o'i 48 don alamun cutar, wanda zai lalata fitar da noma na New Zealand. Bayan makonni uku na gwaji, ba a gano dabbobi masu kamuwa da cuta ba kuma an dakatar da ma'aikatan amsawa. == Dubi kuma == * Karewa a New Zealand * Muhalli na New Zealand * Dabbobi masu mamayewa a New Zealand * Gudanar da binciken dabbobi a New Zealand * Border Patrol, jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin game da aikin Kwastam, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko, da kuma Sabis ɗin Shige da Fice na New ZealandOfishin Shige da Fice na New Zealand == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *  {{Cite book|last=Young|first=Nicola|title=Tiakina Aotearoa = Protect New Zealand : the biosecurity strategy for New Zealand|publisher=Biosecurity Council|isbn=978-0-478-07764-3|location=Wellington|year=2003}} * {{Cite web |title=Surveillance |url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/publications/surveillance/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503013610/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/publications/surveillance/index.htm |archive-date=3 May 2012 |access-date=27 June 2012 |publisher=Ministry for Primary Industries |issn=1176-5305}} == Haɗin waje == * Biosecurity New Zealand, wanda Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko ke gudanarwa * [http://doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/biosecurity/ Tsaro na Bioscurity] a [[Ma'aikatar Karewa (New Zealand)|Ma'aikatar Karewa]] kvuedbdldvlvri3suwdwecql9hkn9xn 0 122403 892065 886093 2026-08-06T11:23:42Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su 'yan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p3tjqjlg075vaccm3o5poqu8yv2bh2w 892066 892065 2026-08-06T11:23:59Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yunin shekarar 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su 'yan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4327va5sseltvmxqgrmt072n64u31pu 892067 892066 2026-08-06T11:24:10Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yunin shekarar 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin shekarar 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su 'yan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 12ezrrskamjw0z8nrcqigfqngdr3ekh 892068 892067 2026-08-06T11:24:36Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yunin shekarar 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin shekarar 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su ƴan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dkg7c2ghh7mzqbr28s4w832s5ippl98 892069 892068 2026-08-06T11:24:49Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yunin shekarar 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin shekarar 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su ƴan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, to amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ri136p5b3ju293i4zspg7lua8dbtc42 892070 892069 2026-08-06T11:25:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 892070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tashi da Ɗauki |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Rise_(2022_film).jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Hoton fitarwa</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |[[Akin Omotoso]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |[[Arash Amel]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Goldmann |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Uche Tsofaffi * Ral Tsofaffi * Jaden Osimuwa * Iliya Shomanke * [[Yetide Badaki]] * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kabelo Thathe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Vuyani Sondlo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ré Olunuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Hotunan Walt Disney * Farin Gidan Faliro </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Disney+ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Yuni 24, 2022 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2022-06-24</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Lokacin gudu</div> | class="infobox-data" |Minti 111 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |Amurka Girka<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harsuna | class="infobox-data" |Turanci Girkanci<br /> |} Rise fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na shekarar 2022 wanda [[Akin Omotoso]] ya jagoranta, daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta. Dangane da labarin gaskiya na 'yan uwan Najeriya-[[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]] guda uku, [[Giannis Antetokounmpo|Giannis]], Thanasis da Kostas Antetokounmpo, waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka kuma suka tashi zuwa daraja da nasara a cikin [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Kasa]]. Tauraron fim din sababbin masu zuwa Uche Agada, Ral Agada, da Jaden Osimuwa a cikin manyan matsayi uku; tare da Elijah Shomanke, [[Yetide Badaki]], da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a cikin goyon bayan matsayin iyali. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da Rise kuma an sake shi a matsayin Fim na asali na Disney+ a ranar 24 ga Yunin shekarar 2022. <ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref> Ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar. == Makirci == A cikin shekarar 1990, an tilasta Charles da Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo su bar ɗansu na fari Francis a Najeriya yayin da suke tafiya zuwa Girka don rayuwa mafi kyau. Ba su iya samun biza ba saboda yanayin siyasa don haka ba su da wata shaida kuma dole ne su kasance a ɓoye. A shekara ta 2004, sun zauna kuma suna da wasu 'ya'ya maza huɗu, Thanasis, Giannis, Kostas da Alexandros. Duk da cewa an haife su a Girka, ba a ba su ƴan ƙasa na doka ba saboda dokokin jus sanguinis na ƙasa; suna sanya iyalansu cikin haɗarin korarsu da rabuwa. Sunan mahaifiyarsu na Yoruba ya zama Helenanci zuwa Antetokounmpo a cikin aikin shige da fice bayan iyalin sun tsere wa tarurrukan 'yan gudun hijira a Turkiyya. Charles yayi ƙoƙari ya sami takardu, amma ma'auni biyu, saboda yana buƙatar biza don aiki, amma ba zai iya samun aikin da ake buƙata don samun biza ba, ya ɓata wa dukan iyalin rai.. Thanasis da Giannis sun fara buga wasan kwando a wurin shakatawa. Duk da yake Thanasis yana nuna ƙwarewar halitta, Giannis yana da wahalar koyon wasan, to amma yana nuna yiwuwar. An gayyace su zuwa Filathlitikos don amfani da dakin motsa jiki kyauta inda suka sadu da kocin Takis Zivas wanda ya ga alkawari a cikin biyun. A shekara ta 2007, Thanasis ta zama tauraron dan wasa kuma Giannis ya inganta sosai. Antetokounmpos sun ci gaba da fuskantar wahala lokacin da wata kungiya mai alƙawari ta ba Thanasis takardar shaidar, kawai don a hana shi lokacin da aka bincika tarihin iyalinsa. Charles ya sayi mota ga iyalin, amma kusan an kore su daga gidansu duk da cewa suna da kudi na makonni biyu masu zuwa. Yayin da suke wasa, Giannis da Thanasis suna neman 'yan wasa, musamman wani matashi mai suna Haris Eleftheriou wanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan manajan' yan kallo Paco don daukar' yan uwan. A lokacin wasan Thanasis ya ji rauni a kafa; ya bar Giannis ya gama wasan. Paco ba ya son yin biyayya da su saboda matsayinsu kuma Haris ya shawo kan Giannis ya sanya hannu tare da shi. Gaskiya ga tsoronsu, babu wani daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi da ke son sanya hannu kan Giannis; wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi wasa don daukar ma'aikata. Kungiyar Mutanen Espanya tana shirye ta sanya hannu a gare shi har ma za ta ba Giannis 'yan ƙasa, amma ya nemi a san iyalinsa. Paco ya yi ƙoƙari ya kwace Haris ta hanyar ba su kuɗi, zama ɗan ƙasa da karɓa nan da nan, amma za a bar Haris. Ba tare da son barin mutumin da ya yi yaƙi da su ba, Antetokounmpos sun ƙi tayin sa. Haris ya bayyana cewa tawagar Mutanen Espanya ba za ta sanya masa hannu ba, amma za su ba shi damar gwadawa don Shirin NBA na shekarar 2013. Idan ya yi nasara duk iyalinsa za a koma Amurka. Giannis ya nemi Thanasis ya zo tare da shi yayin da su da Haris suka isa Birnin New York don saduwa da wakilin Amurka Kevin Stefanides. Haris da Kevin sun ci gaba da gwadawa da gabatar da Giannis ga masu daukar ma'aikata daban-daban kuma sun gudanar da magana da John Hammond wanda ya nuna tsoro, kodayake suna gudanar da yaudarar wakilin Nike. Giannis ya firgita bayan ya ji cewa bazai yi kyau ba, amma Thanasis ya goyi bayansa. A cikin shirin, Giannis ya yi farin ciki da jin cewa Milwaukee Bucks sun zaɓe shi a matsayin na goma sha biyar; tabbatar da makomar iyalinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Dayo Okeniyi]] a matsayin Charles Antetokounmpo * [[Yetide Badaki]] a matsayin Veronica "Vera" Antetokounmpo * Uche Agada a matsayin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] ** McColm Cephas Jr. a matsayin Young Giannis * Ral Agada a matsayin Athanasios "Thanasis" Antetokounmpo Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Young Thanasis Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin Toddler Thanasis ** Chinua Baraka Payne a matsayin Matashi Thanasis ** Daniel Agammegwa a matsayin ɗan ƙarami Thanasis * Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alexandros "Alex" Antetokounmpo Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Young Alexandros ** Jahleel Kamara a matsayin Matashi Alexandros * Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Konstantinos "Kostas" Antetokounmpo Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Young Kostas ** Aaron Kingsley Adetola a matsayin Matashi Kostas * Efthimis Chalkidis a matsayin Haris Eleftheriou * Panos Koronis a matsayin Takis Zivas * Manish Dayal a matsayin Kevin Stefanides: wakilin baiwa na Giannis Antetokounmpo * Christos Loulis a matsayin Paco * Akin Omotoso a matsayin Bamidele * Anthony Abiola a matsayin Francis Antetokounmpo * Taylor Nichols a matsayin John Hammond: Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks * [[Joke Silva]] a matsayin Cecelia * [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]] a matsayin Farin Ciki * Stamatina Gaj a matsayin Ms. Pandazis * Maximiliano Hernández a matsayin Oklahoma City Thunder Rep == Fitarwa == === Ci gaba === A watan Oktoba 2020, an sanar da fim din tarihin Giannis Antetokounmpo da iyalinsa don ci gaba daga The Walt Disney Studios . An haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin taken aiki na "Greek Freak" (sunan laƙabi na kwando ga Giannis), tare da [[Akin Omotoso]] yana aiki a matsayin darektan daga rubutun da Arash Amel ya rubuta, an bayyana aikin don nuna "ta hanyar bangaskiya, ƙuduri, da haɗin da ba za a iya karyawa ba, [iya Antetokounmpo] don ɗaga kansu daga rayuwar talauci a matsayin baƙi marasa takardar shaidar da ke zaune a Girka". An sanar da Bernie Goldmann ya zama mai gabatarwa, yayin da Giannis ke aiki a matsayin mai zartarwa.[s] An shirya samarwa don farawa a wani lokaci a cikin 2021, a Girka da Amurka.<ref name="GreekFreak_Deadline">{{Cite web |last=Kroll, Justin |date=October 28, 2020 |title=Disney Developing Film Based On True Life Story Of Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Family |url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/disney-giannis-antetokounmpo-and-his-family-1234605254/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Deadline}}</ref> === Kasuwanci === A watan Maris na 2021, an jefa sabon mai suna Uche Agada don buga Giannis Antetokounmpo bayan ya ga wani sakon [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] daga tauraron NBA game da kiran budewa don rawar. [[Yetide Badaki]] da [[Dayo Okeniyi]] an jefa su a matsayin iyaye na Giannis, Veronica da Charles Antetokounmpo . <ref name="GreekFreak_Variety">{{Cite web |last=Otterson, Joe |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Movie for Disney Plus Finds Its Lead, Adds Yetide Badaki and Dayo Okeniyi (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/giannis-antetokounmpo-movie-disney-plus-greek-freak-uche-agada-1234934816/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref><ref name="GreekFreak_TW">{{Cite web |last=Welk, Brian |date=March 19, 2021 |title=Giannis Antetokounmpo Biopic 'Greek Freak' Casts Newcomer Uche Agada as Young NBA Star |url=https://www.thewrap.com/giannis-antetokounmpo-biopic-greek-freak-casts-newcomer-uche-agada-as-young-nba-star/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=The Wrap}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, an bayyana taken fim din a matsayin Rise . Sauran simintin an sanar da su tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokoonmpo, da Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetoko unmpo . An bayyana Manish Dayal da Taylor Nichols a matsayin tallafi a matsayin wakilin baiwa na Giannis [[Alex Saratsis]] mai suna Kevin, da kuma Janar Manajan Milwaukee Bucks mai suna John Hammond. Maximiliano Hernández, Pilar Holland, da McColm Kona Cephas Jr. suma sun shiga aikin.<ref name="Rise_Disney">{{Cite tweet|user=disneystudios}}</ref><ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}</ref> Giannis Antetokounmpo ya yi sanarwa ta hukuma a matsayinsa na mai gabatar da zartarwa: "Ina farin ciki da girmamawa cewa Disney+ yana kawo labarin iyalina ga mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Fata ita ce zai karfafa wadanda ke cikin irin wannan yanayi don kiyaye bangaskiya, kasancewa da aminci ga burinsu kuma kada su daina ƙoƙarin samun rayuwa mafi kyau".<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> === Fim === An bayyana cewa an riga an fara daukar hoto a watan Oktoba 2021, tare da hotunan samar da hukuma da Disney ya fitar. An yi fim din Rise a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] yana mai da shi fim na farko na Disney da aka yi gaba ɗaya a Turai.<ref name="Rise_Collider">{{Cite web |last=Devore, Britta |date=October 20, 2021 |title='Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+ |url=https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ |access-date=October 21, 2021 |website=Collider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDevore,_Britta2021">Devore, Britta (October 20, 2021). [https://collider.com/rise-movie-biopic-release-window-disney-plus/ "'Rise': Basketball Biopic Announces 2022 Release Date on Disney+"]. ''Collider''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Tsari == . == Saki == An saki Rise ne kawai ta hanyar yawo a kan Disney+ +, a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2022.<ref name="Twitter">{{Cite web |last=Walt Disney Studios |date=May 10, 2022 |title=Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus! |url=https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 |access-date=May 10, 2022 |website=[[Twitter]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWalt_Disney_Studios2022">Walt Disney Studios (May 10, 2022). [https://twitter.com/DisneyStudios/status/1524041578897047554 "Sons. Brothers. A family of champions 🏆 RISE, an all-new Original movie, streaming June 24 only on @DisneyPlus!"]. ''[[Twitter]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Karɓar baƙi == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, 95% na sake dubawa 21 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.10 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISE |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rise_2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin maki na 74 daga 100 bisa ga sake dubawa daga masu sukar 5, yana nuna " sake dubawa mai kyau". Calum Marsh na The New York Times ya sami jagorancin Akin Omotoso ya zama mai gaskiya da gamsarwa, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ya bayyana fim din ya yi nasarar ba da labarin rayuwar iyalin Antetokounmpo a duk matsalolin da suka fuskanta. Gary Goldstein na ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' ya sami Rise ya zama fim din ''Wasanni'' mai ban sha'awa da motsin rai, ya yaba da jagorancin Omotoso da rubutun Arash Amel, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon simintin. Pete Hammond na Deadline Hollywood ya kira wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da kyau, yana mai cewa Okeniyi da Badaki ba za su iya zama mafi kyau a duk faɗin fim ɗin ba, sun sami Omotoso ya kasance mai ƙwarewa a duk faɗar jagorancinsa, kuma sun bayyana cewa Amel ya ba da labari na rayuwa mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Pete |date=June 24, 2022 |title='Rise' Review: Origin Story Of The NBA's Antetokounmpo Brothers Makes For Inspiring Disney Movie |url=https://deadline.com/video/rise-movie-review-giannis-thanasis-antetokounmpo-disney/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso yana ba da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk faɗin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |access-date=July 3, 2022 |website=[[Sportskeeda]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Aramide Tinubu na ''RogerEbert.com'' ya ba Rise 3.5 daga cikin taurari 4, ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ya kira tattaunawar fim din motsi, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar kama tashin hankali da iyalin Antetokounmpo suka ji a fadin shingen da suka fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tinubu |first=Aramide |title=Rise |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rise-movie-review-2022 |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}</ref> Jennifer Green na Common Sense Media ta kimanta fim din 3 daga cikin taurari 5, ta yaba da kwatancin saƙonni masu kyau da kasancewar samfuran rawar, ta yi nuni da aiki tuƙuru da juriya, kuma ta yaba da wakilci daban-daban a duk faɗin haruffa da asalin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jennifer |title=Rise Movie Review |url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/movie-reviews/rise |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=[[Common Sense Media]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === An zabi Ré Olunuga don Mafi kyawun asali - Fim din Live Action (Babu Fim na Wasanni) a 2022 Hollywood Music in Media Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 HMMA Nominations |url=https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111194844/https://www.hmmawards.com/2022-hmma-nominations/ |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=[[Hollywood Music in Media Awards]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Erik |date=November 3, 2022 |title='Black Panther,' 'Bros,' 'Everything Everywhere All at Once,' 'Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio' lead Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMA) nominations |url=https://awardswatch.com/black-panther-bros-everything-everywhere-all-at-once-guillermo-del-toros-pinocchio-lead-hollywood-music-in-media-awards-hmma-nominations/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 |website=AwardsWatch.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na kwando == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Production == An sanar da Bernie Goldmann a matsayin furodusa, yayin da Giannis ke matsayin babban furodusa. An sanar da sauran simintin tare da Ral Agada a matsayin Thanasis Antetokounmpo, Jaden Osimuwa a matsayin Kostas Antetokounmpo, da kuma Elijah Shomanke a matsayin Alex Antetokounmpo. An bayyana cewa an fara daukar manyan hotunan ne a watan Oktoban 2021, inda Disney ta fitar da hotunan da aka shirya a hukumance. == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p1v6b92qm5j5vwacfc0c738eqksw15e 0 122744 891875 785309 2026-08-06T05:33:01Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dawn Lee Swan Magyar''' (Maris 28, 1952 - Janairu 27, 1973) wata mace ce ta Amurka da aka samu an kashe ta a watan Maris na shekara ta 1973, a wani yanki mai itatuwa a Chapin, [[Michigan]] . An bayar da rahoton bacewarta tun daga ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1973, daga gidanta a Chesaning, Michigan. An yi imanin cewa an sace ta daga cibiyar cin kasuwa a kusa da Owosso, an gano an yi mata fyade kuma an harbi ta sau uku. Bayan dogon bincike, sabuwar fasaha a cikin Nazarin DNA ta ba da damar Shiawassee County, 'yan sanda na Michigan su cajin Jerald Leroy Wingeart a shekara ta 2001, wanda DNA da aka tattara a wurin kisan. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2001, an yi masa shari'a kuma an yanke masa hukunci a cikin shari'ar, kuma an yanke shi hukuncin rai da rai a kurkuku. An rufe shari'ar fiye da shekaru 28 bayan an sami jikin Magyar. == Tarihi == An haifi Magyar Dawn Lee Swan a ranar 28 ga Maris, 1952, a Corunna, Michigan, ga iyayen Eleanor da Ralph Swan . Tana da 'yan'uwa Max da Larry. 'Yan uwan sun girma a can kuma sun halarci makarantun gida; Swan ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1970. Dawn ta auri Don Magyar . A lokacin da aka kashe ta, tana da shekaru 20, kuma sun yi bikin ranar haihuwar ɗansu na farko. Sun zauna a Chesaning, Michigan . == Kisan kai == An yi imanin cewa an sace Magyar a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1973, bayan cinikin kayan masarufi a Owosso, Michigan, a Shiawassee County. Aboki ne ya gan ta karshe wanda ya yi magana da ita a takaice a cikin layin sayarwa na babban kanti kuma ya gan ta ta bar shagon tare da sayen ta. Bayan da Magyar ta kasa komawa gida a wannan rana, mijinta ya ba da rahoton bacewarta. Kashegari, 'yan sanda sun sami motar da aka aro wanda take tuki a filin ajiye motoci na cibiyar cin kasuwa; sayen ta suna ciki kuma makullin ta sun warwatse a cikin motar, suna ba da shawarar sace-sacen da karfi. Duk da babban bincike na yankin da ya shafi masu sa kai 4,000 na gida, ba a sami Magyar ba. A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, 'yan uwanta biyu ne suka gano jikinta, Wayne da Bill Somers, wadanda ke amfani da itatuwan maple a gonar danginsu a Saginaw County, Michigan. Mai binciken likita ya gano cewa an yi wa Magyar fyade kuma an harbe shi sau uku a kai da baya tare da bindiga [[.22 Short|.22 caliber]]. Binciken gawa ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa an kashe ta cikin minti 90 bayan an sace ta. Harsasai sun fito ne daga Remington guda biyu da kuma Winchester guda daya. A watan Yunin 1974, an gano bindiga mai caliber .22, wanda aka yi imanin cewa makamin kisan kai ne, daga Kogin Shiawassee a Owosso . An yi tsatsa kuma ba zai iya yin wuta ba, amma har yanzu yana da kaya. Ya ƙunshi zagaye uku da aka yi amfani da su wanda ya dace da nau'in harsashi da suka kashe Magyar. An gano bindigar ne a wani kantin sayar da bashi a Yuma, [[Arizona]], inda wani mutum mai suna Robert Shaw ya sayi ta a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1976 an sami walat din Magyar da kuma ganewa a bakin Kogin Shiawassee, a wannan yankin inda aka sami bindigar .22. == Sake buɗewa == [[Fayil:Jerry_Wingeart.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton Jerald Wingeart na 2005]] A cikin 1995, 'yan sanda na jihar sun yanke shawarar sake farfado da shari'ar. Wani sajan mai bincike da ke nazarin shari'o'in sanyi ya fahimci cewa ci gaba a cikin nazarin DNA (wanda ba a samu a matsayin kayan aikin bincike ba lokacin da aka gudanar da binciken da ya gabata) na iya samar da shaidar gano mai kisan Magyar, kamar yadda 'yan sanda na gundumar suka tattara samfurori daga jikin Magyar a lokacin laifin. Cibiyar Nazarin DNA na 'yan sanda ta Jihar Michigan a Gabashin Lansing ta shirya gwajin DNA na bincike akan wannan kayan don haɓaka bayanan Magyar da mai yuwuwar fyade da mai kisan kai. Sun kuma shirya don gwaji ta hanyar dakin gwaje-gwaje mai zaman kansa. Sun sabunta binciken da suka yi wa sanannun maza a rayuwar Magyar. A shekara ta 1998, 'yan sanda sun gano mai bindigar, Robert Shaw. Ya gaya wa hukumomi cewa ya mallaki bindigar da suka samu, amma an rasa ta shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. An wanke shi a cikin shari'ar ta hanyar gwajin DNA. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Shaw ya gaya wa' yan sanda cewa ya tuna cewa, ba da daɗewa ba bayan sun sake aure, tsohuwar matarsa ta yi soyayya da wani mutum mai suna Jerald Leroy Wingeart. Ya ce Wingeart na iya ɗaukar bindigarsa a lokacin. 'Yan sanda sun san cewa Wingeart yana da shekaru 20, sannan ɗaliban [[Injinia.|injiniya]] mai aure na Jami'ar Michigan (U-M) tare da tallafin karatu, <ref name="annarbor" /> an yanke masa hukunci a 1961 saboda fyade na wata ɗalibar U-M da kuma fashi da makami na mata a Ann Arbor Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan. Ya yi shekaru shida daga cikin shekaru takwas a kurkuku kuma an sake shi a kan parole a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1967, kuma ya kammala karatunsa a watan Disambar shekara ta 1969 <ref name="MLC">{{Cite web |date=September 14, 2006 |title=Cold Case: Dawn Lee Swan Magyar Murder |url=http://mylifeofcrime.wordpress.com/2006/09/14/dawn-lee-swan-magyar-murder-12773/ |access-date=May 16, 2012 |publisher=My Life of Crime.com}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tuka motoci mai nisa kuma ya zauna a cikin jiha fiye da ɗaya. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka koyi game da shi dangane da shari'ar Magyar, Wingeart yana da shekaru 60 kuma yana zaune a hankali a Center Line, Michigan, tare da matarsa ta huɗu. Yana da 'yar da ta girma daga auren da ya gabata. Ya yi aiki a Chrysler's Sterling Heights Stamping Plant a ofishin lissafi. An san shi da kwarewarsa ta kwamfuta, an dauke shi memba mai daraja na al'ummarsa. == Kamawa da kuma yanke masa hukunci == Yayin da 'yan sanda suka binciki, sun sami DNA na Wingeart daga hawaye a kan sigari wanda ya yi amfani da shi kuma ya watsar da shi a cikin shara. Sun gano cewa DNA dinsa ya dace da samfurori da aka dauka daga wurin aikata laifuka na Magyar. Sun kuma yanke shawarar cewa Wingeart ya kasance a yankin Owosso yana ziyartar aboki a lokacin kisan Magyar. Da yake ba za su iya kafa wata alaƙa tsakanin Wingeart da Magyar ba, masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa Wingeart ya ga yarinyar a cikin shagon ko wurin ajiye motoci kuma sun zaɓe ta a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. A ranar 7 ga Maris, 2001, an kama Wingeart, mai shekaru sittin, kuma an tuhume shi da kisan Magyar. Ba za a iya tuhumar shi da satar mutane ko fyade ba saboda dokar iyakancewa a kan waɗannan laifuka, shekaru 10 da 6, bi da bi. An yi masa shari'a a watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar a Kotun Shiawassee County . Ya yi iƙirarin a cikin kare kansa cewa ya yi jima'i da Magyar. Amma Magana sun shaida cewa an bar DNA na Wingeart a Magyar a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ta ɓace kuma an kashe ta. A ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 2001, an sami Wingeart da laifin aikata laifuka na farko da kisan kai. A shekara ta 2002 an yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai ba tare da yiwuwar sallama ba. Mahaifiyar Magyar Eleanor da ɗan'uwansa Larry Swan da matarsa suna da rai don ganin adalci ya yi wa Dawn. Mahaifin Ralph Swan ya mutu a shekarar 1988. Jerald Wingeart ya mutu a kurkuku. An canza matsayinsa na kurkuku don fitar da shi 8/20/2022 ta hanyar rikodin MDOC. == Matsayin daukaka kara == Kotun daukaka kara ta Michigan ta ki amincewa da karar da Wingeart ya yi game da hukuncin da aka yanke masa a shekara ta 2003, wanda ya tabbatar da hukuncin. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2004 Kotun Koli ta Michigan ta ki amincewa da roko da ya yi game da wannan hukuncin. == Halin sabon zargi akan Wingeart == At the time of his conviction, Wingeart was under investigation for deaths of young women and other crimes committed in Washtenaw and Ionia counties in the previous ten years. The ''Argus-Press'' reported in May 2004 that the Michigan Attorney General's office announced that it was reviewing the cold case of the April 7, 1979, rape and murder of 16-year-old Laura Mae McVeigh near Hubbardston, Michigan, in Ionia County, with the potential for bringing charges against Wingeart. Because he had never reached trial in the murder of McVeigh, double jeopardy prohibitions would not apply. The prosecutors were working with Michigan State Police and investigators from Ionia County. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] clqsm9iuyfwy9di4knx1bg0ijoimxyn 0 122817 891955 886930 2026-08-06T09:37:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Jádesola Osiberu''' marubuci ya ce ta Najeriya, [[Darakta|darektan]] kuma furodusa kuma ta kafa Greoh Studios . An san ta da ''[[Isokin|Isoken]]'' (2017), Sugar Rush (2019), Brotherhood (2022) da Gangs of Lagos, fim na farko na asalin Najeriya da aka saita don gudana ne kawai akan Amazon Prime Video. A watan Satumbar 2022, Osiberu's Greoh Studios ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da Amazon don bunkasa da samar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na asali da fina-finai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |date=2022-09-14 |title=Amazon Prime Signs Overall Deal With Nigerian 'Gangs of Lagos' Filmmaker Jade Osiberu |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/amazon-prime-deal-nigeria-jade-osiberu-1235220304/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife ta a cikin dangin sarauta a 1985, mahaifin Osiberu, [[Oba]] Adewale Osiberu shi ne ''Elepe na Epe Sagamu'' . Osiberu ta sami karatun sakandare a [[Ibadan]], kafin ta sami digiri na Injiniyan Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-18 |title=It's Jade Osiberu's Birthday and she's Serving Us some Lockdown Legs |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/08/jade-osiberu-birthday-photos/ |access-date=2020-09-19}}</ref> Har ila yau, tsohuwar [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]] ce, inda ta yi karatun Media da Sadarwa. == Ayyuka == Duk da aiki na sana'a a matsayin Mai haɓaka software bayan kammala karatunsa, Osiberu ta yanke shawarar canza aiki zuwa yin fim. A bikin Watan Tarihin Mata, Pulse ya haɗa ta cikin jerin mata goma da ke yin raƙuman ruwa ta hanyar haɓaka abun ciki a masana'antar fina-finai ta Najeriya. Osiberu ta fara kamfanin samar da ita; Tribe85 Productions a cikin 2017 tare da manufar "bayyana labarun Afirka ga masu sauraro na duniya". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okoh |first=Lize |date=2018-10-02 |title=Nollywood's Best Nigerian Directors Working Today |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/the-best-contemporary-nigerian-directors/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Culture Trip |archive-date=2020-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924015806/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/the-best-contemporary-nigerian-directors/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin wata hira da BellaNaija; mai tambayoyin ya yaba da ɗabi'ar aikinta, mai da hankali ga daki-daki da ƙirar ƙira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banigbe |first=Seyi |date=2018-02-28 |title=Seyi Banigbe: Interviewing Jadesola Osiberu Reinforced the Values of Being an Intrapreneur |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/02/seyi-banigbe-favor-intrapreneur/ |access-date=2020-09-19}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta jagoranci bikin fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] a Scotland . <ref name="nigeriantrade">{{Cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |date=2018-11-12 |title=Jade Osiberu says Blossom Chukwujekwu gave the performance of his life in her upcoming movie 'Nigerian Trade' |url=https://ynaija.com/jade-osiberu-says-blossom-chukwujekwu-gave-the-performance-of-his-life-in-her-upcoming-movie-nigerian-trade/ |access-date=2020-09-19}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Osiberu ta rubuta kuma ta ba da umarnin ''[[Isokin|Isoken]]'', fim game da ƙalubalen da wata ƙwararriyar mata da ba ta yi aure ba ta fuskanta a cikin matsin lamba daga iyali, da kuma dangantakar soyayya tsakanin launin fata a cikin yanayin Najeriya na zamani. Don rawar da ta taka a matsayin darakta, ta lashe kyautar darakta mafi kyau a 2018 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy don gabatarwa mafi kyawun darakta. Fim din kuma shine batun tattaunawar masana tare da halin da ake ciki tare da halaye na [[Feminism|mata]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nwachukwu |first=Charles |year=2019 |title=Jadesola Osiberu's Isoken: A Filmic Postulation for Feminism |journal=Studies in Media and Communication |volume=7 |page=49 |doi=10.11114/smc.v7i1.4306 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Al'adun Custodian sun nuna yadda aka kafa taken fim din don yaki da misogyny a cikin al'ummar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-29 |title=The Women Of Nollywood are Fighting Misogyny, Telling Stories, and Making Giant Strides |url=https://culturecustodian.com/the-women-of-nollywood-are-fighting-misogyny-telling-stories-and-making-giant-strides/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Culture Custodian}}</ref> Fim dinta na baya-bayan nan na Kirsimeti a Legas, an shirya shi ne don farawa a Firayim Bidiyo a ranar 20 ga Disamba 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chigbo |first=Emeka |date=2024-11-26 |title=All We Know About Jade Osiberu's Christmas In Lagos Movie |url=https://thescoove.africa/christmas-in-lagos-movie-prime-video/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=The Scoove Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203025645/https://thescoove.africa/christmas-in-lagos-movie-prime-video/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Babban Matsayi !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2013–14 |''[[Gidi Up]]'' |[[OC Ukeje]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Somkele Iyamah]] |Mawallafin Mai gabatarwa Marubuci | rowspan="2" |Shafukan yanar gizo ta [[Ndani TV]] | rowspan="3" | |- |2016 |''Rumor Yana da shi'' | |Mai gabatarwa |- |2017 |''[[Isokin|Isoken]]'' |[[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]], [[Funke Akindele]], Joseph Benjamin[[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Yusufu Biliyaminu]] |Daraktan Mawallafi Marubuci |Farkon darektan |- |2018 |''[[Nigerian Trade|Kasuwancin Najeriya]]'' |[[Rita Dominic]], [[Gideon Okeke]] da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |Mawallafin Mai gabatarwa Marubuci | |<ref name="nigeriantrade"/> |- |2019 |''[[Sugar Rush (fim)]]'' |Adesua Etomi, [[Bisola Aiyeola]] da [[Bimbo Ademoye]] |Mawallafin Mai gabatarwa Marubuci | | |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |[[Ayinla (fim)|''Ayinla'']] |[[Lateef Adedimeji]], [[Omowumi Dada]], [[Bimbo Manuel|Bimbo Manual]] |Mai gabatarwa | | |- |''[[Gangs of Legas|<nowiki/>'Yan bindiga na Legas]]'' (2023) |[[Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi-Wellington]], [[Tobi Bakre]] da Chike |Daraktan Mawallafi Marubuci |An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar abubuwan da suka faru yayin yin fim na ''Gidi Up'' | |- |2022 |[[Brother hood 2022)|''Ɗan'uwa'']] |[[Tobi Bakre]], [[Falz|Folarin Falana]], Toni Tones, [[Ronke Ojo]], Bright Okpocha, [[OC Ukeje]], |Mai gabatarwa | | |- |2024 |''Kirsimeti a Legas'' |[[Richard Mofe-Damijo]], [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]], [[Wale Ojo]], [[Teniola Aladese]], Angel Anosike, Shalom C Obiago, da Rayxia Ojo |Daraktan Mawallafi Marubuci | | |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2015 | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin Comedy / Drama | rowspan="2" |''Gidi Up''|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/03/09/amvca-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |Darakta Mafi Kyawu | rowspan="4" |''Isoken''|{{Won}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha|{{Nom}} |- |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nollywood Shines At 2018 Africa Movie Academy Awards [Full List Of Winners] |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/10/21/nollywood-shines-at-2018-africa-movie-academy-awards-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2021-07-03 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2023 | rowspan="4" |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci | rowspan="2" |''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]]''|{{Nom}} | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka | rowspan="2" |''Ɗan'uwa''|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim|{{Nom}} |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Osiberu ta yi bikin aurenta a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019 a [[Sagamu]], [[Jihar Ogun]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yay! Filmmaker Jade Osiberu is Married ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/05/yay-filmmaker-jade-osiberu-is-married-%F0%9F%91%B0%F0%9F%8F%BD/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Shiloh Godson]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] qey6mb8g5714i3uqw3wa99n0nvjil9l 0 123333 891867 886597 2026-08-06T05:29:59Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891867 wikitext text/x-wiki A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, mai shekaru 52 mai suna '''Eu Lim Hoklai''' (Sinanci: 余林福来; : ), mai mallakar kantin sayar da kayan abinci na teku, ya kashe mai shekaru 29 mai suna '''Yu Hongjin''' (Sinansi; ; ), mai gidan wanka da peidu daga [[Sin|China]], yayin da suke jayayya da juna kuma ya caka masa wuka a cikin ciki sau tara. An bayyana cewa Eu, mahaifin da ya yi aure na yara uku, yana da alaƙa da Yu bayan 'yan sautin farko na massage a shagon Yu, kuma bayan ya gano cewa Yu yana ganin wani, Eu ta yanke shawarar ganinta a ranar kisan don rabuwa da ita, amma hakan ya haifar da fada wanda ya kawo karshen rayuwar Yu. An tuhumi Eu da kisan kai yayin da yake asibiti saboda raunin da ya samu. Masu gabatar da kara sun yi jayayya cewa Eu ya kashe Yu da jini mai sanyi kuma raunin da ya samu ya faru da kansa, yayin da masu kare suka yi jayayya da cewa kisan ya kasance sakamakon fada kuma Yu ya yi wa Eu rauni. Kodayake an ki amincewa da kare Eu kuma kotun shari'a An yanke masa hukuncin kisa, ya yi nasara a daukaka kara kuma saboda haka aka sake yanke wa Eu hukuncin shekaru goma a kurkuku saboda rage zargin kisan kai. == Kisan kai == === Abin da ya faru da shi === A ranar Lahadi da safe a ranar 18 ga Yuni 2006, wanda ya dace da Ranar Uba, yayin da take gida a cikin gidan iyalinta, mai shekaru 25 Eu Sui Lin ta karɓi kiran waya daga mahaifinta mai shekaru 52, wanda ya nemi ta ta zo ta taimake shi, yana mai cewa ya ji rauni. Bayan karɓar kiran waya, Eu Sui Lin, ƙanwarta da mahaifiyarsu Ng Mooi Huang sun yi gaggawar zuwa ɗakin massage a Ang Mo Kio, inda suka sami mahaifinta Eu Lim Hoklai yana kwance ba tare da sanin komai ba, tare da raunuka da yawa a cikin ciki. A cikin ɗakin ɗakin dakuna, an sami wata mace ta mutu tare da wuka a hannunta. Har ila yau, 'yan sanda sun isa wurin a daidai lokacin da' ya'yan Eu da matarsu, kuma daga baya, likitocin asibiti da suka isa wurin sun bayyana matar ta mutu, kuma an kai Eu da kansa asibiti, inda ya tsira da magani. An gano wanda aka azabtar a matsayin Yu Hongjin mai shekaru 29, ɗan ƙasar Sin wanda ya sake aure tare da ɗa ɗaya. Wata 'yar asalin Fuqing, Fujian, Yu da ɗanta sun fara zuwa [[Singafora|Singapore]] a shekara ta 2002 don tabbatar da cewa ɗanta ya sami ilimi a Singapore, kuma Yu, wanda ya zama mama mai suna peidu, ya zauna don kula da ɗanta yayin da take aiki da wurin yin massage don samun iyaka, duk da cewa a matsayin mama mai suna Peidu, ba a yarda ta yi aiki bisa ga ka'idojin shige da fice na Singapore ba. An tabbatar da shi da hannu na farko cewa mutuwarta mai yiwuwa ne saboda maƙurewa da wuka. An gudanar da jana'izar Yu makonni bayan kisan ta, tare da ɗanta mai shekaru goma, tsohon mijinta, ɗan'uwa da surukarta ne kawai suka kasance a farkawarta. Har ila yau, saboda shari'ar Yu, an gudanar da takunkumin 'yan sanda a kan wuraren tausa, wanda ya haifar da kama wasu baƙi waɗanda ke aiki da waɗannan wuraren ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma sun dauki baƙi aiki don aiki. An kuma kama wasu peidu mamas a lokacin da aka yi garkuwa da su. === Kamawa da tuhuma === Yayinda aka kwantar da shi a asibitin kulawa mai tsanani na Asibitin Tan Tock Seng saboda raunin da ya samu, Eu Lim Hoklai, wanda ya yi bikin ranar haihuwarsa ta 53 kwana uku bayan abin da ya faru, an kama shi kuma an tuhume shi da kisan kai. Lokacin da aka gabatar da takardar tuhuma ga Eu a cikin unguwarsa, an ruwaito cewa wani mai fassara na Hokkien-Ingilishi da lauyansa Subhas Anandan, babban lauyan mai aikata laifuka wanda ya amince ya wakilci Eu bayan dangin wanda ake zargi sun nemi hidimominsa. A lokacin da 'yan sanda suka yi masa tambayoyi yayin da yake asibiti, ba a yarda da ɗan'uwan Eu mai shekaru 42 da sauran danginsa su bi shi ba, kuma an ruwaito cewa ɗan'uwan EU ya yi baƙin ciki kuma shi da Eu sun yi kuka tare saboda yiwuwar da za a yanke wa Eu hukuncin ratayewa saboda kisan kai (wanda za'a hukunta shi da mutuwa a Singapore). Yayan Eu ya kuma ce ɗan'uwansa mutum ne mai kirki da karimci kuma ba zai haifar da matsala ba. Eu daga baya ya warke daga raunin da ya ji, kuma an sanya shi a karkashin kulawar kwakwalwa yayin da yake jiran binciken 'yan sanda da shari'a. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2007, an umarci Eu da ya tsaya a gaban shari'a a ranar da ta biyo baya don kisan Yu Hongjin. Bayanan baya sun kuma bayyana cewa Eu da matarsa suna gudanar da wani shahararren kantin sayar da kayan abinci a wani cibiyar abinci a Tampines tun daga shekara ta 1984 kuma sun yi aure na shekaru 28 tun lokacin da aka kama Eu saboda kashe Yu. Eu da matarsa sun yi aure tare da 'ya'ya mata uku, kuma babba ta yi aure kuma tana zaune daban daga iyayenta. 'Ya'yansa mata sun bayyana shi a matsayin mutum mai tausayi da kirki kuma uba mai ƙauna da kulawa wanda bai taba ɗaga muryarsa ba ko kuma ya ɗora musu hannu, koda lokacin da ya tsawata musu saboda duk wani laifi. Eu, wanda kawai yake magana da Hokkien amma ba Turanci ba, kawai ya yi karatu har zuwa Firamare Uku kafin ya fita, kuma yana da aƙalla 'yan'uwa uku a cikin iyalinsa. == Shari'ar Eu Lim Hoklai == === Labarin Ni ===   A ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, an fara shari'ar Eu Lim Hoklai a Babban Kotun, tare da babban lauyan aikata laifuka na Singapore Subhas Anandan da dan uwansa Sunil Sudheesan suna wakiltar Eu, yayin da Mataimakin Mai gabatar da kara (DPP) Winston Cheng ke jagorantar karar. Mai shari'a Kan Ting Chiu ne ya jagoranci shari'ar. An gaya wa kotun shari'a cewa tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, Eu tana da alaƙa da wanda aka azabtar Yu Hongjin, wanda ya fara saduwa da shi a wani wurin tausa a Ang Mo Kio, kuma bayan sun tafi can don tausa sau da yawa, Eu da Yu sun fara dangantakarsu, ba tare da sanin matar Eu da 'ya'ya mata uku ba, kuma a ƙarshe, lokacin da Yu ta buɗe wurin tausa, Eu ya fitar da wasu daga cikin kuɗin don taimaka mata ta buɗe shagon. Wani lokaci kuma zai yi amfani da wani ɓangare na kudaden shiga na kantin sayar da kayan teku don biyan kuɗin rayuwar Yu. Koyaya, a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2006, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Yu da Eu ta yi zafi, bayan Eu ta gano cewa Yu yana ganin wasu maza, sabili da haka, ya yi niyyar rabuwa da Yu kuma ya yanke alakarsa da ita gaba ɗaya. A cikin kwanaki uku masu zuwa kafin a kashe Yu, Eu da Yu sun yi jayayya a duk lokacin da suka hadu. A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, kuma Ranar Uba, Eu yana gida kuma yana shirin fita don saduwa da Yu lokacin da 'ya'yansa mata suka gaya masa cewa suna so su fitar da shi daga baya don cin abincin rana don bikin Ranar Uba. Eu daga baya ya gaya wa 'ya'yansa mata cewa zai je wurin sayar da kayan teku don rarraba kifin, a matsayin uzuri don fita ya warware al'amuransa tare da Yu, kuma ya ki amincewa da bukatar' ya'yansa mata su fita tare da shi. Bayan ya isa gidan massage na Yu a Ang Mo Kio, Eu ya gaya mata cewa yana so ya kawo karshen dangantakarsu, amma tattaunawar ba ta tafi da kyau ba yayin da Yu ya yi ƙoƙari ya karɓi S $ 30,000 daga Eu a matsayin "farashin rabuwa" don yanke hulɗa da Eu gaba ɗaya, kuma Yu har ma ya yi barazanar gaya wa iyalin Eu cewa za ta fallasa sirrin su idan ya ki biyan kuɗi a kan lokaci. Wannan tattaunawar ta zama gardama tsakanin Yu da Eu yayin da Eu ya ki bin bukatar Yu, kuma ya nace kan yin hutun gaggawa saboda shirin danginsa na yin bikin Ranar Uba. A cewar Eu, Yu ta kama wuka na kicin daga shagon ta kuma ta yi wa Eu wuka a cikin ciki sau da yawa, kuma don kare kansa, Eu ya rataye Yu a lokacin wuka kuma an yi zargin ya yi wa Yu wuka, kuma Eu, wanda ya ci gaba da riƙe hannunsa a wuyan Yu, ya kira 'yarsa ta biyu don taimako kafin ya fadi kuma ya rasa sani, amma har yanzu yana da rai a lokacin da 'ya'yansa mata biyu suka zo masa wurin. Wani mai shagon makwabta, Wong Choon Mee, ya shaida cewa mai yiwuwa ta ji sautunan gwagwarmaya da ke fitowa daga gidan massage na Yu. === Shaidar mai gabatar da kara === Shari'ar mai gabatar da kara ita ce Eu ya aikata kisan a cikin jini mai sanyi, yana jayayya cewa Eu ya yi ƙarya game da Yu ya soke shi, kuma ya bayyana cewa Eu ne ya fara soke Yu kafin ya soke kansa a cikin ciki don shirya shi a matsayin kisan kai saboda yaƙi na kwatsam. Dokta Paul Chui, babban likitan likitan cututtuka, ya bayyana cewa ya bincika raunin Eu yayin da Eu ke cikin tsare don kashe Yu, kuma ya gaya wa kotun cewa Eu ya yi sa'a sosai, saboda raunin da aka samu a kansa yana da zurfi sosai cewa akalla uku daga cikinsu za su shiga cikin gabobin Eu kuma su haifar da yiwuwar mutuwarsa idan bai rasa gabobin ba. Abokin aikin Dr Chui Dr Wee Keng Poh, likitan likitan da ya yi binciken gawawwakin Yu, ya kuma tsaya don gabatar da binciken gawawwaki; Dr Wee ya gano cewa akwai mummunan rauni guda biyu da suka shiga hanta da koda, kuma wannan ya haifar da mutuwarta, kuma maƙurewar ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga mutuwar Yu. Koyaya, duka Dokta Chui da Dokta Wee ba su iya kammalawa ko raunukan da ke kan Eu sun yi wa kansu ba ko Yu ya haifar da su kafin mutuwarta. Dokta Lim Chin Chin, masanin kimiyya, ya kuma ba da bincike game da wurin aikata laifuka. Ta bayyana cewa mai yiwuwa ne ya kammala cewa raunukan da ke cikin ciki na Eu sun yi wa kansa, kuma ya nuna cewa rigar Eu ba ta lalace ba kuma ya bayyana cewa Eu dole ne ya ɗaga rigar kuma ya soke kansa da wuka bayan ya kashe Yu Hongjin. Masana sun lura cewa wurin aikata laifuka da kansa yana da tsabta kuma ba a sami jini a cikin ɗakin ba, kuma ya ɗauki alamun gwagwarmaya. === Shaidar tsaro === Duk da haka, masu karewa sun ci gaba da shari'arsu, suna roƙon kotun shari'a ta yarda cewa Yu ya yi wa Eu wuka kuma Eu ya rataye ta a lokacin kare kansa, kuma ba kisan kai ba ne kamar yadda mai gabatar da kara ya nemi ya tabbatar. Anandan ya ruwaito cewa ya nuna damuwarsa game da daidaito na rahotanni na labarai a lokacin shari'ar, lokacin da aka ba da rahoton kuskure a wani lokaci cewa Mai Shari'a Kan ya sami ikirarin kare kansa na Eu "mai wuya a yi imani". Don magance tuhumar, Anandan ya yi amfani da masanin kimiyya na Australiya, Dokta Johan Duflou, don tsige shaidar Dokta Lim. Dokta Duflou, wanda ya tashi daga [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] zuwa Singapore don yin shaida a shari'ar Eu, ya bayyana cewa Dokta Lim ba daidai ba ne ya kammala cewa raunukan Eu sun yi wa kansa, kuma mai yiwuwa ne Yu ya soke Eu. Dokta Duflou ya ba da shaida cewa a kimiyya, an lura da raunukan da aka yi wa kansa an mai da hankali sosai a cikin wani yanki na jiki, kuma duk da haka an yi wa Eu raunuka a duk cikin ciki, kuma na biyu, raunukan da ya yi wa kansa ba su da kyau kuma ba za su kasance cikin haɗarin cutar da wani muhimmin bangare na jiki ba, kuma dukansu raunukan Eu sun kasance masu zurfi zurfi sosai kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun rasa gaɓoɓin kansa, kuma na uku daga cikin duka, mutumin da ke da raunukansa da ya fi son yanke kansa a wuyansa ko kuma ba zai yanke kansa a kan kansa ba, ba. Wadannan halaye da ke sama sun karyata ka'idar mai gabatar da kara cewa raunukan Eu sun yi wa kansu. Dokta Duflou ya kuma bayyana dalilin da ya sa rigar Eu ba ta lalace ba, saboda yana yiwuwa Yu ta ɗaga rigar Eu don ta soke tsohon masoyinta kamar yadda Eu ta yi ikirarin, kuma Dokta Du flou ya gaya wa kotu cewa rashin jini a wurin aikata laifuka mai yiwuwa ne saboda gwagwarmayar da ke faruwa a cikin ƙaramin sarari na ɗakin a cikin gidan tausa na Yu kuma mai yiwuwa Yu ta ci gaba da zubar da jini kuma ba za a iya kammala cewa tana kwance a kan ta a kan raunuka ba lokacin da Yu ta yi mata, tana nan da ita, tana nuna cewa babu wani jini da aka lura da ita, yana nuna cewa Baya ga wannan, an nemi Eu, wanda ya tsaya don yin shaida, ya sake nunawa a kotu yadda ya kashe Yu a wannan safiya mai banƙyama. === Hukuncin === A cikin hukuncin, Mai Shari'a Kan bai taɓa tambayar ko Yu ne ya haifar da raunukan da Eu ba ko kuma ya yi wa kansa, amma ya bayyana cewa rashin daidaituwa tsakanin asusun Eu da hujja mai ma'ana, sabili da haka ya ki amincewa da kare Eu na yaƙi na kwatsam ko kare kansa, kuma ya yarda da shaidar Wong cewa gwagwarmaya mai yiwuwa ta faru daga shagon Yu, kuma ya kuma gano cewa Eu da gangan ya haifar da raunin wuka a cikin yanayin mutuwa ta yau da kullun.[1] Saboda haka, Mai Shari'a Kan ya sami Eu Lim Hoklai mai shekaru 56 da laifin kisan Yu Hong Jin, kuma ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa. A karkashin dokar Singapore, hukuncin kisa shine hukuncin kisa na tilas don kisan kai. An ruwaito cewa dangin Eu sun damu da jin hukuncin, kuma Eu da kansa ya yi wa iyalinsa rai don tabbatar da su, kuma ya bayyana niyyarsa ta daukaka kara.[undefined][2][3] == Roƙon da nake yi == A watan Satumbar 2010, an saurari karar Eu Lim Hoklai a gaban Kotun daukaka kara. Babban mahimmancin roko shine game da ko wanda aka azabtar Yu Hongjin ne ya yi wa Eu raunukan ciki ko kuma ya yi wa kansa, kuma ko kisan kai da kansa ya samo asali ne daga gwagwarmaya ta kwatsam ko kuma ya aikata ta hanyar jinin sanyi; lauyan ya kuma yi jayayya cewa alƙalin ya kasa yin la'akari da babban tambaya game da yadda raunukan Eu suka zo kuma ya sanya dogaro da ba daidai ba a kan bayanin shaidar na jin gwagwarmayar da ta tashi daga ɗakin ta'addanci na Yu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 76fbq6124r3dxoahfi5aa8i0le1e45u 0 123579 891851 788516 2026-08-06T05:19:59Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abhaya Induruwa''' (Sinhala) masanin injiniya ne kuma malami na [[Sri Lanka]] wanda aka sani da koyar da kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniya a Sri Lanka . Ya kafa LEARN [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]], cibiyar sadarwar IP ta ƙasar don al'ummomin ilimi da bincike a Sri Lanka. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa na farko V K Samaranayake Farfesa na Kwamfuta, Jami'ar Colombo School of Computing, Sri Lanka. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Cyber ya yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Canterbury Christ Church a Burtaniya inda ya yi bincike kan tsaro da bincike na Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT) tare da sha'awa ta musamman ga raunin tsaro na kayan aikin gida masu wayo. A halin yanzu yana da hannu wajen inganta IoT a cikin aikin gona na dijital a matsayin fasahar rushewa, da farko a kasashe masu tasowa, wanda ke haifar da aikin gona mai basira wanda ke haifar le mafi girma a cikin samar da abinci. Induruwa an dauke shi uban Intanet a Sri Lanka. == Ilimi == Bayan ya kwashe shekaru uku na karatun firamare a Kahagolla Madya Maha Vidyalaya, Diyatalawa, an shigar da shi Kwalejin Nalanda, Colombo daga inda ya ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Sri Lanka, Katubedda Campus . Shi ne dalibi na farko da ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a cikin Injiniyan Lantarki ko Injiniyan lantarki tun lokacin da aka kafa Jami'ar Sri Lanka, Katubedda Campus, kuma shi ne mai karɓar kyautar Farfesa Om Prakash Kulshreshtha don ɗaliban Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki da Injiniyan Injiniyanci mafi kyau a 1975. A watan Satumbar 1976 ya ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Imperial ta London kuma a watan Janairun 1980 an ba shi lambar yabo ta PhD daga Jami'ar London don bincikensa kan fasahar simulation na kwamfuta a cikin tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Mai kula da bincikensa shine Farfesa Brian J. Cory. == Ayyukan sana'a == Induruwa ta kafa Sashen Kimiyya da Injiniya a Jami'ar Moratuwa a 1985, sashen farko kuma kawai na irin sa a jami'ar Sri Lanka, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban har zuwa 1998. A shekara ta 1989 ya zama majagaba kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Bincike na aikin LEARN (Lanka Education and Research Network), <ref name="LEARN_89">{{Cite web |title=A proposal to set up a Lankan Experimental Academic and Research Network (LEARN), April 1989 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330354664}}</ref> wanda ya haɓaka cikin Intanet na ilimi a Sri Lanka.<ref name="LEARN_92">{{Cite web |title=LEARN Internet - A (modified) Proposal to Introduce Internet Services to the Academic and Research Community in Sri Lanka, January 1992 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330354571}}</ref> Ya sami kudade daga gwamnatin Sri Lanka da sauran masu fatan alheri, ya ba da ma'aikata da albarkatu, ya ba ni jagorancin fasaha da gudanarwa, kuma ya jagoranci aikin LEARN zuwa kammala a 1995. Ya kuma gudanar da . Yankin LK tun lokacin da ya fara rajista a 1990 har zuwa 1998. Induruwa memba ne na kafa Ƙungiyar Intanet (ISOC - Kobe, 1992) kuma memba ne na kungiyar Intanet ta Sri Lanka Chapter .<ref>[https://www.ict-history.lk/en/ History of ICT in Sri Lanka - Spanning the Years]</ref> Yana aiki a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara na aikin Tarihin Intanet na Asiya, kuma marubuci ne mai ba da gudummawa. Shi Injiniya ne mai Yarjejeniya, mai Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniya na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha, Burtaniya, Mai Yarjejeniyar Chartered Fellow na Cibiyar Инjiniyoyi, Sri Lanka, kuma Mai Yarjejeniya Fellow na Ƙungiyar Kwamfuta ta Burtaniya.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd6XpAxHGMs/ Interview with Prof Abhaya Induruwa, Father of Internet in Sri Lanka]</ref> [[Fayil:CSSL_newsletter_apr2014_d2-1.pdf|thumb|CSSL Newsletter, Afrilu 2014]] Induruwa memba ne na kafa Kungiyar Kwamfuta ta Sri Lanka (1976). Don nuna godiya ga ayyukansa ga ilimin kwamfuta da masana'antar IT a Sri Lanka an ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Computer Society of Sri Lanka a shekara ta 2003. Don nuna godiya ga gudummawar siginarsa ga ci gaba, haɗi, da amfani da Intanet a Sri Lanka, da kuma fara farar hula LEARN - IP WAN na farko (Internet Protocol Wide Area Network) a Sri Lanka <ref>[https://www.ict-history.lk/en/ History of ICT in Sri Lanka - Spanning the Years]</ref> An gabatar da Induruwa a cikin Hall of Fame na Intanet 2014, lambar yabo ta rayuwa mai daraja da kungiyar Intanet ke gudanarwa. Da yake amincewa da muhimmiyar gudummawar da ya bayar ga ci gaban sadarwar da Intanet a Sri Lanka Induruwa ya sami girmamawa daga Cibiyar Intanet ta Sri Lanka tare da Kyautar Pioneers ta Intanet a bikin shekaru 20 na Intanet a Siri Lanka a watan Yunin 2015. Don gudummawar da ya bayar a fagen dijital Farfesa Induruwa ya sami lambar yabo ta Lifetime Achievement daga Sri Lanka Telecom a watan Yunin 2017. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2019, a bikin cika shekaru 30 na LEARN, ya sami lambar yabo ta LEARN Founder Award don gabatar da ƙirar ra'ayi a cikin 1989 don cibiyar sadarwa ta ilimi da bincike a Sri Lanka, da kuma aiwatar da wannan tsakanin 1990 da 1995, a ƙarshe ya haɗa zuwa Intanet a cikin 1996. Sashe na British Computer Society Sri Lanka ya girmama Farfesa Induruwa ta hanyar bayar da lambar yabo ta NBQSA National ICT Lifetime Achievement Award a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024 don nuna godiya da ayyukan da aka bayar don ci gaban masana'antar ICT a Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd6XpAxHGMs/ Interview with Prof Abhaya Induruwa, Father of Internet in Sri Lanka]</ref> Farfesa Induruwa shine mai ba da kuɗi na girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Kwararrun Kwamfuta ta Burtaniya a cikin Cybercrime Forensics wanda aka kafa a cikin 2008. Ya yi aiki a wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 10 har zuwa 2018. Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Hall of Fame na Intanet daga 2016 har zuwa 2018. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019 ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Babban Taron Kungiyar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Cybercrime ta Turai (ECTEG) na Europol. A cikin 2018 ya yi aiki a matsayin gwani kan Cybercrime a Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Magunguna da Laifi (UNODC) a kan aikin su na Ilimi don Adalci (E4J). A cikin 2019 ya yi aiki a matsayin gwani ga Ofishin Manufofin Kimiyya na Tarayyar Belgium (BelSPO) don kimanta shawarwarin aikin a ƙarƙashin BRAIN-BE 2.0 (Ayyukan Bincike na Belgium Ta hanyar Cibiyoyin Halitta). == Kyautar Rayuwa ta Rayuwa == '''2003''' - '''Mai girmamawa na Kungiyar Kwamfuta ta Sri Lanka''' wanda ya amince da ayyukan da suka dace ga ilimin ICT da sana'ar ICT a Sri Lanka '''2014''' - Gidan Shahararren Intanet na Rayuwa na Rayuwa ta Intanet (ISOC) don fara sadarwar IP da Intanet a Sri Lanka '''2015''' - '''Kyautar Masu Gabatarwa ta Intanet''' ta Intanet-Sri Lanka (ISOC-LK) Babi na bikin shekaru 20 na Intanet a Sri Lanka, don fara aiki LEARN, Intanet na ilimi da bincike a Sri Lanka '''2017''' - '''Sri Lanka Telecom Zero-One Lifetime Achievement Award''' don gudummawa ta musamman ga fagen dijital '''2019''' - Kyautar Wanda ya kafa ta LEARN don bayar da shawara, tsarawa da aiwatar da cibiyar sadarwa ta ilimi da bincike, da kuma Intanet a Sri Lanka '''2024''' - NBQSA National ICT Lifetime Achievement Award na British Computer Society Sri Lanka sashi don nuna godiya da ayyukan yeoman da aka bayar don ci gaban masana'antar ICT a Sri Lanka == Ayyukan da aka buga kwanan nan == * "Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home Applications" (Babi na 12) a cikin Ci gaba da Kula da Yanayi na Smart don Manyan Birane (An shirya ta Zaigham Mahmood), IGI Global, Oktoba 2020. * "Snapshot of Internet in Sri Lanka around 2020" a cikin ''Tarihin Intanet na Asiya - Shekaru goma na huɗu (2011-2020) '' (An shirya shi da Kilnam Chon), An buga shi a watan Afrilu na 2021.<ref>[https://www.ict-history.lk/en/ History of ICT in Sri Lanka - Spanning the Years]</ref> * "COVID-19 track & trace apps and their data governance issues" a Asia Internet History - Fourth Decade (2011-2020) (Edited by Kilnam Chon), An buga shi a watan Afrilun 2021.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd6XpAxHGMs/ Interview with Prof Abhaya Induruwa, Father of Internet in Sri Lanka]</ref> * "'''Rashin tsaro na Kayan Kayan Kwarewa na Kayan Gida'''", Conf. Aikin. ICN 2021: Taron Kasa da Kasa na ashirin a kan Cibiyoyin sadarwa, IARIA NexComm 2021 Congress, 18-21 Afrilu 2021, [[Porto]], Portugal == Mahimmanci da laccoci na jama'a == * '''"Fasahar Hikima don Ci gaban Muhalli mai dorewa",''' Babban jawabi ga Majalisar IEEE Indiya da Kwamitin Ayyukan Ci Gaban Ci gaba ya shirya, 25 ga Yuli 2025. * "'''Injiniya makomar Aikin Gona: Amfani da IoT don cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya'''", Adireshin Ranar Injiniya ta Duniya 2022 da Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Sri Lanka (IESL) ta shirya, 4 Maris 2022. * "LEARN: Tafiya daga 1989", Babban jawabin a ranar 30th Anniversary of Lanka Experimental Academic & Research Network (LEARN), 7 ga Oktoba 2019, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "Matsalolin Cyberspace da Matsayin Cyber-intelligence", Adireshin buɗewa a lokacin kaddamar da Taron Bincike na Duniya na 12 na Jami'ar Tsaro ta Janar Sir John Kotelawala (KDU), 11 ga Satumba 2019, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. * "Gaskiya Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT'''): Za mu iya rasa damar?'''", Babban jawabi a Taron Bincike na Duniya na 12 na Jami'ar Tsaro ta Janar Sir John Kotelawala (KDU), <cite class="citation web cs1">11 ga Satumba 2019.</cite>, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. (/watch?v=W38J-OztwGg" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"KDU Computer Science Plenary Keynote Speech - 2019 a Youtube". - YouTube. 11 Satumba 2019.) {{Cite web |date=11 September 2019 |title=KDU Computer Science Plenary Keynote Speech - 2019 on Youtube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W38J-OztwGg |website=[[YouTube]]}} * "Kimiyyar Kwamfuta & Kudin Smart", Babban jawabi a Taron Bincike na Duniya na 11 na Jami'ar Tsaro ta Janar Sir John Kotelawala (KDU), 14 ga Satumba 2018, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. (/watch?v=3mpfT6mh7aI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">"KDU Computer Science Plenary Keynote Speech - 2018 a Youtube". - YouTube. <cite class="citation web cs1">16 ga Oktoba 2018.</cite>) {{Cite web |date=16 October 2018 |title=KDU Computer Science Plenary Keynote Speech - 2018 on Youtube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mpfT6mh7aI |website=[[YouTube]]}} * "Sri Lanka 3CENTRE - A National Initiative for Capacity Building in Cybercrime Forensics, Cybersecurity & Cyber Intelligence", Babban jawabin da aka gabatar a taron Cyber Security Industry Forum, 31 ga Mayu 2017, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "Intanet - Wave na gaba na rushewa: Dama da Barazanar", Babban jawabin da aka gabatar a taron IT na kasa na 34 (NITC 2016) na Kungiyar Kwamfuta ta Sri Lanka, 9-10 Agusta 2016, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "Internet of Everything: Yaya ya kamata ya kasance mai aminci?", Magana mai mahimmanci da aka gabatar a 2015 IEEE International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks ( An samo shi daga asali a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2015.), 20-22 ga Nuwamba 2015, [[Kolkata]], Indiya.{{Cite web |title=ICRCICN 2015 |url=http://www.icrcicn.in/speakers.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124030908/http://www.icrcicn.in/speakers.html |archive-date=24 November 2015 |access-date=23 November 2015}} * "A (brief) Moment in Internet History", Adireshin da aka gabatar a cikin Shekaru 20 na Intanet a Sri Lanka, 8 Yuni 2015, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "Making and Breaking the Internet", Mai baƙo a "Injiniyoyi [[Asturaliya|Australia]] WA" (PDF). , 18 Disamba 2014, Perth, Australia.{{Cite web |title=Engineers Australia WA |url=https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/sites/default/files/events/2014/20141218%20-%20Mechanical_1.pdf |access-date=2025-12-24 |archive-date=2015-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109154455/https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/sites/default/files/events/2014/20141218%20-%20Mechanical_1.pdf |url-status=dead }} * "Rarraba Kwamfuta: Tasirinsa akan Tsaro na Cibiyar sadarwa da Forensics", Babban jawabin da aka gabatar a Taron Kasa da Kasa na IEEE na 2014 kan Sadarwar Lantarki da Sadarwa, 14-16 Nuwamba 2014, Kolkata, Indiya. * "ICT for Inclusive Development of Sri Lanka beyond 2020", Babban jawabin da aka gabatar a taron 32nd National IT na Computer Society of Sri Lanka, 26-27 Agusta 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "Mai basira a nan gaba", Farfesa na bakwai na shekara-shekara V K Samaranayake Memorial Addu'ar da aka gabatar a Jami'ar Colombo School of Computing, 23 ga Yuli 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * {{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title='''The Internet: Where is it taking us?'''", Presentation at the felicitation ceremony organized by the Internet Society, Sri Lanka Chapter. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLgnPAHmc-8 |access-date=7 May 2014 |publisher=DiGIT Magazine}} * {{Cite web |date=19 September 2013 |title='''The Dark Side of the Internet'''", Presentation at the public lecture sponsored by the Computer Society of Sri Lanka in collaboration with the Internet Society, Sri Lanka Chapter |url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.666505690026105.1073741856.129853697024643&type=3 |access-date=1 October 2013 |publisher=DiGIT Magazine}} * "Hidden in the Clouds: Tasirin Tsaro na Bayanai da Binciken Shari'a", Magana mai mahimmanci da aka gabatar a Taron Kasa da Kasa kan ICT don Yankuna Masu Fitowa, 1-2 Satumba 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka. * "'''Cyberwar - Yaya Gaskiya ne Barazanar?'''", Magana mai mahimmanci da aka gabatar a Taron IT na Kasa na 29 na Kungiyar Kwamfuta ta Sri Lanka, 24-25 ga Agusta 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gnodv4b1r4c2djvaq1cg0xer8ppj4ws 0 123870 891956 749764 2026-08-06T09:40:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:JozsefGyorkos.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|József Györkös]] '''József Györkös''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1961) farfesa ne a jami'ar Slovenia kuma tsohon dan siyasa. Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Maribor kuma yana da PhD a kimiyyar kwamfuta. Shi farfesa ne na ɗan lokaci a wannan jami'a, tare da sha'awar bincike a cikin al'ummar bayanai da haɗuwa da kafofin watsa Labari. Györkös ya kasance sakataren jihar (mataimakin minista) a gwamnatin [[Sloveniya|Jamhuriyar Slovenia]] na shekaru da yawa. Ya girma a matsayin memba na al'ummar Hungary a cikin yanayin al'adu da yawa na birnin Lendava / Legendva, Slovenia . Daga Nuwamba 1, 2014, zuwa Oktoba 29, 2019, ya kasance Darakta na [[Slovenian Research Agency|Hukumar Bincike ta Slovenia]] (ARRS), kuma mukaddashin Darakta daga 30 ga Oktoba 2019 zuwa 29 ga Afrilu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2020 |title=ARRS Terms of Office |url=https://www.arrs.si/en/agencija/mandati.asp }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovenian Research Agency - News |url=http://www.arrs.gov.si/en/obvestila/14/nastop-novi-direktor.asp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228062132/http://www.arrs.gov.si/en/obvestila/14/nastop-novi-direktor.asp |archive-date=2015-02-28 |access-date=2014-12-21}}</ref> Tsakanin 2001 da 2004 a karkashin Firayim Minista Janez Drnovšek, sannan Anton Rop, da Minista Pavel Gantar, Györkös ya kasance Sakataren Gwamnati a [[Ministry of Information Society|Ma'aikatar Bayanai]]. Ya kasance wakilin Slovenia a taron koli na duniya kan Information Society a Geneva, 2003 kuma ya halarci PrepComs na WSIS Tunis 2005, kuma ya halarta a taron gudanar da Intanet a Masar a 2009. Ya kuma wakilci Slovenia a cikin Yankin Commonwealth of Communications ([http://www.rcc.org.ru/ RCC]). Daga 22 ga Nuwamba, 2008, har zuwa 22 ga Yuni, 2011, a cikin gwamnatin Firayim Minista Borut Pahor, kuma a karkashin Minista Gregor Golobič, ya kasance sakataren jihar a Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha, gami da fayil na al'umma. Saboda haka yana da alhakin: * Gabatar da sabon tsarin samar da kudade ga ilimi mafi girma da nufin kara yawan cin gashin kai da kudade na cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma. * Shirya dabarun kasa guda biyu (Audacious Slovenia) don shekaru goma masu zuwa na bincike da ilimi mafi girma. [http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=103975] [http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=103885]. * Haɗin tsarin sauya analog zuwa dijital don talabijin na ƙasa na dijital a cikin 2010. Ya kasance mai sanya hannu kan wani shiri na tattaunawar jama'a game da ACTA.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2020 |title=ARRS Terms of Office |url=https://www.arrs.si/en/agencija/mandati.asp }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Janairun 2013 an nada shi memba kuma shugaban CAF - CONNECT Advisory Forum for ICT Research and Innovation . Babban aikin kungiyoyin masu ba da shawara shine ba da shawara mai daidaituwa da ƙarfafawa ga kwamiti (Directorate General for Communications, Networks, Content and Technology ([[DG CONNECT]])) ayyukan yayin shirye-shiryen shirin aikin Horizon 2020 , game da ƙalubalen / wani ɓangare na Takamaiman Shirin. Tun Nuwamba 2017 ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanar da Kimiyya na Turai. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] i0q0s87zjhh6v8ysscmounweyzo5e4u 0 124507 892022 751611 2026-08-06T10:37:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamal Quadir''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1971) ɗan kasuwa ne na ƙasar Bangladesh kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka fi sani da gabatar da [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|Kasuwancin e-commerce]] a Bangladesh ta hanyar kafa CellBazaar, kasuwar lantarki wacce, bayan ta kai masu amfani da miliyan 4, kamfanin sadarwa na Norway Telenor ya saye ta a cikin 2010. CellBazaar daga baya an sake masa suna ekhanei.com.<ref name="schibsted.com">{{Cite web |title=Schibsted, Telenor and Singapore Press Holdings team up in online classifieds - Schibsted |url=http://www.schibsted.com/en/Press-Room/News-archive/2013/Schibsted-Telenor-and-Singapore-Press-Holdings-team-up-in-online-classifieds-/ |website=www.schibsted.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cellbazaar formally turns to Ekhanei |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2014/jun/04/cellbazaar-formally-turns-ekhanei |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> Shi ɗan'uwan Iqbal Quadir ne, wanda ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai gabatar da rawar da kasuwanci da kirkire-kirkire ke takawa wajen samar da wadata a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi. Quadir ya kafa bKash a cikin 2010, <ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2008 |title=Selling Potatoes By Phone In Remove Bangladesh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122081673203508037 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> wanda ke ba da sabis na kuɗi ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta wakilai na al'umma da fasahar da ke akwai, gami da [[Salula|wayoyin hannu]]. bKash yana ba da sabis ga abokan ciniki miliyan 82 a Bangladesh. [https://www.newagebd.net/post/mis/275143/bkash-wins-cloudera-data-impact-award] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106212314/https://www.newagebd.net/post/mis/275143/bkash-wins-cloudera-data-impact-award |date=2026-01-06 }} [https://www.banglanews24.com/corporatecorner/news/bd/1616333.details] Quadir memba ne na kafa Open World Initiatives, ƙungiyar matasa masu tunani ta [[Lausanne]], Switzerland. Yana da hannu tare da Gidauniyar Anwarul Quadir wacce ke amincewa da sababbin abubuwa a kasashe masu tasowa. [[Aspen Institute|Cibiyar Aspen]] ta zaba shi don Fellowship na Shugabannin Kudi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin duniya a cikin kudi a cikin 2023 .[https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/banks/news/bkash-ceo-honoured-one-the-23-global-high-impact-finance-leaders-3343336] A shekara ta 2009, [[TED]] ta zabi Quadir a matsayin TED Fellow<ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2008 |title=Selling Potatoes By Phone In Remove Bangladesh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122081673203508037 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> kuma [[World Economic Forum|Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya]] ya amince da shi a matsayin Matashi na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cellbazaar formally turns to Ekhanei |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2014/jun/04/cellbazaar-formally-turns-ekhanei |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Quadir ya kasance mai ba da horo a Insight Venture Partners a New York, ya jagoranci Sashen Ci gaban Kasuwanci na Occidental Petroleum a Bangladesh kuma ya yi aiki ga Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Birnin New York. Ya kuma kasance co-kafa kuma darektan kirkirar ''GlobeKids Inc.'', kamfanin motsa jiki. Quadir ya kammala BA daga Kwalejin Oberlin da MBA daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta MIT Sloan.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2008 |title=Selling Potatoes By Phone In Remove Bangladesh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122081673203508037 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2005: Kyautar MIT Ideas <ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2008 |title=Selling Potatoes By Phone In Remove Bangladesh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122081673203508037 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> * 2007: Kyautar Fasaha don "Aikace-aikacen Fasaha don Amfanin Dan Adam" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cellbazaar formally turns to Ekhanei |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2014/jun/04/cellbazaar-formally-turns-ekhanei |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> * 2008: Kyautar Mobile ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar GSM a cikin rukunin "Mafi kyawun Amfani da Mobile don Ci gaban Jama'a da Tattalin Arziki" Kyautar "Asian Innovation of the Year" Kyautar Manthan ta Indiya don "Mafi Kyawun E-Content for Development" [5]<ref>{{cite news |date=8 September 2008 |title=Selling Potatoes By Phone In Remove Bangladesh |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122081673203508037 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>[4] ** Kyautar "Asian Innovation of the Year" ta Telecom Asia <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2008 |title=Closing the divide with the humble phone |url=http://www.telecomasia.net/content/closing-divide-humble-phone-0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229172841/https://www.telecomasia.net/content/closing-divide-humble-phone-0 |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=16 August 2009 |website=Telecom Asia}}</ref> ** Kyautar Manthan ta Indiya don "Mafi kyawun E-Content for Development" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cell Bazaar |url=http://www.manthanaward.org/section_full_story.asp?id=667 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819024848/http://www.manthanaward.org/section_full_story.asp?id=667 |archive-date=19 August 2009 |access-date=4 June 2015}}</ref> * 2009: Matashi na Duniya (YGL) - Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya na Davos * 2015: Dan kasuwa na Jama'a na Shekara - Gidauniyar Schwab * 2016: Kyautar Kyautattun Ayyuka - Oberlin Alumni Awards <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni Awards - Alumni Association |url=http://new.oberlin.edu/office/alumni/alc/awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717002017/http://new.oberlin.edu/office/alumni/alc/awards/ |archive-date=17 July 2017 |access-date=22 February 2017 |website=Oberlin College}}</ref> * 2021: Mutumin Kasuwancin ICT na shekara - Kyautar Daily Star ICT 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-28 |title=bKash CEO Kamal Quadir awarded ‘ICT Business Person of the Year’ |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/corporates/bkash-ceo-kamal-quadir-awarded-ict-business-person-year-349978 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> * 2021: Kyautar E-cash / kudi & CSR mafi kyau, gudummawa ta musamman ga jin daɗin mutane a lokacin COVID - Kyautar CSR ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-15 |title=bKash CEO Kamal Quadir gets CSR award |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/corporate/local/bkash-ceo-kamal-quadir-gets-csr-award |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref> * 2023: Kyautar Rayuwa - Ma'aikatar ICT * 2023: Shugabannin duniya masu tasiri a cikin kudi - 2023 Class of its Finance Leaders Fellows <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-11 |title=bKash CEO honoured as one of the 23 global high-impact finance leaders |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/banks/news/bkash-ceo-honoured-one-the-23-global-high-impact-finance-leaders-3343336 |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> * 2023: Dan kasuwa na Shekara - Bangladesh C-Suite Awards 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=bKash CEO, CCO awarded at C-Suite Awards |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/330834/bkash-ceo-cco-awarded-at-c-suite-awards |access-date=2025-03-14 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> * 2023: Cibiyar Aspen ta zaba shi don Fellowship na Shugabannin Kudi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin duniya a fannin kudi [https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/banks/news/bkash-ceo-honoured-one-the-23-global-high-impact-finance-leaders-3343336] * 2025: Mutumin Kasuwancin ICT na Shekara - Bankin BRAC na 10 - Kyautar ICT ta Daily Star. [https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/laurels-tech-powerhouses-4046696] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h1e36jt4h12efirxy0ta24u596y144r 0 125320 891854 787700 2026-08-06T05:21:46Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Batang PX''''' ([[Turanci|Turanci:]] '''''"Fil-American Kid"''''') fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Filipino na 1997 wanda Jose Javier Reyes ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Tauraron fim din Patrick Garcia da Zsa Zsa Padilla kuma yana magance tashin hankali na cikin gida da yaran Filipino-Amurka waɗanda iyayensu na Amurka suka watsar da su bayan janyewar sojojin Amurka daga ƙasar a watan Nuwamba 1992. Har ila yau, taurari ne Edu Manzano, Nida Blanca, Anna Larrucea, [[Piolo Pascual]], da Cherry Pie Picache . Star Cinema ce ta samar da fim din kuma ta fitar da shi, an fitar da fim din a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1997, kuma ya sami kyaututtuka da gabatarwa da yawa daga kungiyoyi daban-daban masu ba da kyaututtaka kuma yana da alhakin kawo Patrick Garcia zuwa sananne. A cikin 2017, an dawo da fim din ta hanyar dijital kuma an sake shi ta hanyar hadin gwiwa da hadin gwiwar ABS-CBN Film Restoration da Central Digital Lab. == Bayani game da shi == An dauki Philippines a matsayin gida na daya daga cikin manyan sansanonin soja na Amurka a duniya. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa yawan yaran Filipino-Amurka ya karu. Yawancin su suna da iyaye waɗanda suka watsar da su da zaran an sake sanya waɗannan iyaye. Amboy, wanda Patrick Garcia ya buga, yana daya daga cikin yaran Fil-Am da haƙuri suna tsammanin dawowar mahaifinsa kuma suna marmarin saduwa da shi. Labarai daga mahaifiyar Amboy sune kawai abubuwan da ya sani game da mahaifinsa. An ba da burinsa lokacin da ya sadu da mahaifinsa. Koyaya, abubuwa ba su zama kamar yadda aka tsara su ba. == Makirci == Amboy ne ya ba da labarin, wanda ya yi tunani game da wahalar da mahaifiyarsa ta yi a garin Olongapo, Zambales. Tessie, wacce mahaifiyar mai cin zarafi da sakaci ta haife ta, sau da yawa tana jin warewa da fushi. Wata dare, tana neman tserewa, ta sami aiki a matsayin mai karbar bakuncin kulob din dare, inda ta sadu kuma ta fada cikin soyayya da sojan Amurka mai suna Michael Dahoff. Dangantakarsu ta zama mai rikitarwa lokacin da mahaifiyar Tessie ta fuskanci su da tashin hankali a gidansu. A lokacin wannan gwagwarmaya, an bayyana cewa Tessie tana da ciki. Daga baya ta haifi ɗa wanda Michael ya kira Christopher, wanda aka ba shi lakabi "Amboy". Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar Amboy, an sake tura Michael zuwa kasashen waje amma ya yi alkawarin komawa Tessie da Amboy wata rana. Shekaru bayan haka, Amboy matashi ne da ke zaune a [[Manila]] tare da mahaifiyarsa, Tessie . Bayan sun fadi a baya a kan haya, sun zauna na ɗan lokaci tare da abokiyar Tessie Sarah kafin su koma cikin gida a cikin gidan Aling Cedes, inda Tessie ke biyan haya a gaba. A cikin sabon unguwar, Amboy ta yi abota da Angela, jikokin Aling Cedes, da Jessie, surukinta. A halin yanzu, Tessie tana yin ayyuka daban-daban kuma tana fuskantar ƙalubale, gami da shugaba mai wahala. Daga ƙarshe ta sadu da Danny, wani zartarwa, kuma sun kusanci, wanda ya kai shi ga ƙaura tare da su. Koyaya, Amboy ya yi fushi da Danny duk da ƙoƙarin da ya yi na samar musu. Rashin jituwa ya karu lokacin da wata mace mai suna Monica ta zo, ta bayyana wani yanayi mai rikitarwa tare da Danny, wanda ya ƙare a cikin rikici na jama'a yayin da ya tilasta mata cikin taksi, yana jawo hankalin maƙwabtansu. Tessie daga baya ta fuskanci Danny game da matar, amma Danny ya guje wa tambayar kuma a maimakon haka ya karya farantin, yana nuna farkon cin zarafin gida. A halin yanzu, Amboy da abokansa suna fuskantar zalunci daga matasa na yankin da ke lalata kekensa. A matsayin fansa, Amboy ya saki tayoyin motar wani ɗan fashi. Daga baya, Danny ya furta wa Tessie cewa an kore shi saboda sata daga aikinsa. Daga nan sai mahaifin dan fashi ya fuskanci su, wanda ya zargi Amboy da lalacewar mota. Don tabbatar da iko, Danny ya azabtar da Amboy a gaban unguwar, ya bar Tessie cikin firgici kuma ya ƙare tare da Amboy yana ci gaba da rauni a idonsa. Danny ya zama mutumin da ba shi da aiki, mai tashin hankali, kuma mai shaye-shaye, yayin da Tessie ke aiki a gidan cin abinci. Ba da daɗewa ba, sun koyi daga wata ƙungiya cewa mahaifin Tessie, Michael Dahoff, ya koma ƙasar. Amboy ya sake haduwa da Michael, wanda yanzu ya yi aure tare da yara hudu a Baltimore, [[Maryland]]. Yayinda Amboy ke farin ciki don karɓar kyauta daga mahaifinsa, Tessie ta ƙi su saboda ƙiyayya game da watsi da ita. Rashin jituwa ya tashi lokacin da Danny ya sace kuɗin da Tessie ta karɓa daga Michael, wanda ya haifar da rikici inda Amboy ya kai wa Danny hari. Yaƙin ya kara tsanantawa, kuma Tessie ta ƙare da rauni. Amboy ya ba da shawarar korar Danny ko gudu, amma Tessie tana tsoron yiwuwar fansa ta Danny. Lokacin da Amboy ya bayyana sha'awarsa na zuwa zama tare da Michael a Amurka, Tessie ta zarge shi da gwagwarmayarta, wanda ya sa Amboy ya yi la'akari da barin. Koyaya, Michael yana jinkirin ɗaukar Amboy ba tare da wani dalili ba. Kafin Amboy ya tafi, Michael ya ba shi kuɗi kuma ya yi alkawarin sake ganinsa, ya bar Amboy yana jin bakin ciki amma yana yarda da halin da ake ciki. Bayan Amboy ya bar otal ɗin, Tessie ta fuskanci Danny, tana zarginsa da satar kuɗin da ta ɓoye. A cikin fushi, Danny ya lalata kayan da ya saya mata, wanda ya sa Tessie ta so ta kore shi. Duk da haka, ya buge ta da zalunci a maimakon haka. Lokacin da Amboy ya ji game da halin da mahaifiyarsa ke ciki daga maƙwabta, sai ya gaggauta zuwa gida don ya same ta da rauni. A cikin ɗakinta, Tessie ta nemi gafara ga Amboy saboda kuskuren da ta yi a baya, kuma ya yi alkawarin kasancewa koyaushe a gare ta. Kashegari da daddare, hayaniya a cikin dakin zama ya sa Amboy ya shirya don mai shigowa tare da sandar baseball, amma Tessie ya ɗauki alhakin kuma ya fuskanci Danny, wanda ya bugu kuma an kore shi daga gida. Lokacin da Danny ya farka, sai ya ga Tessie dauke da makami kuma an sanar da shi cewa yana bukatar ya tafi kuma kada ya dawo. Ya mayar da martani da rashin amincewa, yana barazanar su kuma yana tabbatar da cewa ba za su iya rayuwa ba tare da shi ba. Da yake fushi da halinsa, Tessie ya kai masa hari, wanda ya haifar da gwagwarmaya inda Danny ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama bat din. A cikin rikici, Tessie ta buge Danny da bat sau uku, ta yi masa mummunan rauni. Rikicin ya jawo hankali daga Aling Cedes da iyalinta, wadanda suka firgita da lamarin kuma suka bayyana cewa Danny yana da suna don kasancewa mai haɗari a unguwar. A ƙarshe, Amboy shine kawai namiji da ya rage a cikin iyali, yayin da Tessie ya yi rantsuwa cewa ba zai sake kasancewa cikin dangantaka ba. Ta fara sabon aiki na rana a wani salon, yayin da Amboy ke mai da hankali kan karatunsa don kauce wa rashin ilimi. Ya kuma taimaka a matsayin injiniya tare da Jessie da abokan aikinsa don alawus na yau da kullun. Fim din ya ƙare tare da Tessie da Amboy suna haɗuwa bayan canjin ta yayin da suke ciyar da lokaci tare a mall. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] sa0v1meqckyn7umnrz6zils6yni7d01 0 126125 891990 757254 2026-08-06T10:17:06Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gundumar Sanatan Kano ta Tsakiya''' tana ɗaya daga cikin gundumomi uku na sanatoci a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]]. Gundumar tana da ƙananan hukumomi 15, waɗanda kuma suka haɗa da [[Nasarawa (Kano)|Nasarawa]], [[Dala, Nigeria|Dala]], [[Gwale (Kano)|Gwale]], [[Kano Municipal|Municipal]], [[Tarauni]], [[Kumbotso]], [[Fagge]], [[Gezawa]], [[Minjibir]], [[Dawakin Kudu|Dawakin-Kudu]], [[Warawa]], [[Kura]], [[Garun Malam|Garun Mallam]], [[Madobi]], da [[Ungogo]]. == Sanatocin da suka wakilci gundumar == {| class="wikitable" |+ Sanatocin da suka wakilci gundumar Kano ta tsakiya daga 1999-yanzu ! sanata || shekara || jamhuriya || jam'iyya |- |[[Ibrahim Kura Mohammed]] |1999-2003 |ta 4 | PDP |- |[[Rufai Hanga|Rufai sani Hanga]] |2003-2007 |ta 5 |PDP |- |[[Mohammed Adamu Bello]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sen. Mohammed Adamu Bello |url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=131 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123235343/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=131 |archive-date=2009-11-23 |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Nigerian Senate}}</ref> |2007-2011 | ta 6 | ANPP |- |[[Basheer Garba Mohammed]] |2011-2015 |ta 7 |PDP |- |[[Rabiu Kwankwaso| Musa Kwankwaso]] |2015-2019 |ta 8 |APC |- |[[Ibrahim Shekarau]] |2019-2023 |ta 9 |APC/PDP |- |Rufai Sani Hanga<ref>{{cite news|url=https://punchng.com/supreme-court-sacks-shekarau-affirms-hanga-senator-elect/|title=Supreme Court sacks Shekarau, affirms Hanga senator-elect|last=Blankson|first=Esther|work=[[The Punch]]|date=2023-03-11|access-date=2024-08-29}}</ref> |2023-zuwa yanzu |ta 10 |NNPP |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Gundumomin Jihar Kano]] lqprgnsfr65g6rdh38tx9cn0vcyluli 0 126181 891957 756564 2026-08-06T09:49:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ka'idar yanayin halittu na samfur''' wata ka'ida ce da ke tasowa wadda ke bayyana yadda ƙirar samfuran da aka ƙera ke canzawa a kan lokaci kuma tana yin daidai da yadda nau'ikan halittu ke canzawa a cikin yanayin halittu na halitta. Babban abin da ke cikin wannan ka'idar shi ne cewa layukan samfuran da aka ƙera suna mayar da martani ga barazanar waje da damammaki kamar yadda nau'ikan halittu ke mayar da martani ga barazana da damammaki. Gasar da sauran matsin lamba na muhalli na iya sa nau'in ya ɓace. Misalin kwatancen da ke cikin samfuran masu amfani shine yadda na'urar rubutu ta ɓace (ko ta ɓace) saboda matsin lamba daga kwamfutar mutum. Ana iya ganin layukan samfura suna canzawa akai-akai kuma suna reshe akan lokaci bisa ga ƙa'idar phyletic gradialism . Ko kuma ana iya ganin suna da lokutan tsayawa da kuma sabbin abubuwa masu rikitarwa. Wannan ya biyo bayan ƙa'idar daidaito mai ma'ana . Ka'idar Ecosystem tana ba da tsarin ra'ayi wanda ke taimaka wa masu zanen kaya da sauransu su fahimci hanyoyin da ke haifar da kirkire-kirkire na samfurin a hanyar da ta dace da gani. Sauyin fasaha yana ɗaya daga cikin masu canjin muhalli waɗanda ke ba da dama da barazana ga samfura kamar yadda masu canjin muhalli kamar yanayi ke ba da dama da barazana ga nau'ikan halittu. Kimanta samfuran da aka tsara daga wannan hangen nesa yana da amfani domin yana nuna cewa ƙimar samfur ba ta cikin samfurin kanta gaba ɗaya. Haka kuma ana samun ƙima daga sauran yanayin muhalli. == Tarihi da amfani da kalmar == Tim Williams ne ya fara amfani da kalmar a wannan mahallin a shekarar 2013 a cikin wata takarda da ya rubuta tare da Marianella Chamorro-Koc. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da wata hanya ta fahimtar wahalhalun aiwatar da sabbin abubuwa masu kawo cikas bisa ga wani bincike na MIT City Car . An yi amfani da kalmar ba musamman ba kafin wannan a lokuta da dama. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Feng |date=2010 |title=Fundamentals of product ecosystem design for user experience |journal=Research in Engineering Design |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=43–61 |doi=10.1007/s00163-010-0096-z}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tobias |first=Jim |date=26 April 2007 |title=Accessibility and Product Ecosystems |journal=The Information Society |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=183–186 |doi=10.1080/01972240701323598}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armano |first=David |title=Building responsive and resilient brands in a connected world |url=http://darmano.typepad.com/logic_emotion/ |website=Logic and Emotion |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2014-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709212825/http://darmano.typepad.com/logic_emotion/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Fasaha]] 2ui7a50r32yl472dlfo64shwdg56vyk 0 126921 891711 758634 2026-08-05T14:15:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iași National Athenaeum''' ( Romanian Ateneul Național ), kuma aka sani da ''Tătărași Athenaeum'', cibiyar al'adun jama'a ce a Iași, [[Romainiya|Romania]] . An kafa shi a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1920, a matsayin ''Tătărași Popular Athenaeum'', a ƙarƙashin kulawar [[Constantin N. Ifrim]] . <ref>[http://www.evenimentul.ro/articol/constantin-n-ifrim-fondatorul-ateneului-tatarasi.html Constantin N. Ifrim – fondatorul Ateneului Tătăraşi]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at evenimentul.ro {{In lang|ro}}</ref> Cibiyar tana shirya wasannin kwaikwayo na kanta, tana shirya kade-kade daban-daban, fina-finai, taruka, nune-nune da kuma tarukan al'adu, kuma tana da ɗakin karatu na jama'a. == Manazarta == atumcfcczb54289wn5q34gyqj0g8a7n 0 127629 891748 793162 2026-08-05T19:39:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Andrew Reed''' CBE, CCMI, FCIPD (an haife shi 12 Afrilu 1963) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Shi ne shugaban kuma babban jami'in zartarwa (Shugaba) na ƙungiyar kamfanonin Reed. Shi ne ɗan Sir Alec Reed, wanda ya kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1960. Shi ne shugaban The Big Give Trust, wata kungiya mai ba da tallafi ta hanyar Reed Foundation da iyalin Reed. Ya zuwa 2025, The Big Give ya ba da rahoton jimlar gudummawa da ta wuce fam miliyan 427 kuma ya sanar da burin ciki na fam biliyan 1 a cikin gudummawa nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=15 March 2023 |title=Match funding charity sets £1bn fundraising target by 2030 |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/Match-funding-charity-sets-1bn-fundraising-target-by-2030.php |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Charity Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lake |first=Howard |date=2025-12-09 |title=Big Give's Christmas Challenge raises £57.4mn in a week |url=https://fundraising.co.uk/2025/12/09/big-gives-christmas-challenge-raises-57-4mn-in-a-week/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=UK Fundraising |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Charity Times, ''Ƙalubalen Kirsimeti'' na 2025 ya tada fiye da Comic Relief da Children in Need, yana mai da shi babban taron tara kuɗi na Burtaniya na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed |first=James |date=2024-04-22 |title=How to make an effective change this World Earth Day |url=https://www.cityam.com/the-notebook-how-to-make-an-effective-change-this-world-earth-day/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CityAM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=2025-09-12 |title=Big Give’s Christmas Challenge raises record £57.4m |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/Big-Give-Christmas-Challenge-raises-record-57point4m.php%20.php |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Charity Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/reed-s-big-give-charity-raises-record-45m/ar-AA1vS3Mn?apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Reed a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1963 a Woking, Surrey, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya uku na Alec da Adrianne Reed . Reed ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Scaitcliffe sannan daga baya Makarantar St Paul, London. Ya kammala karatu daga Christ Church, Oxford a 1984 tare da digiri a Falsafa, Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki (PPE). Daga baya, ya sami MBA daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard. A lokacin da yake Oxford, Reed ya yi aiki a matsayin editan siyasa na ''Samizdat'', mujallar daliban kimiyyar siyasa. A Harvard, ya samar da In The Shadow of The City, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=15 March 2023 |title=Match funding charity sets £1bn fundraising target by 2030 |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/Match-funding-charity-sets-1bn-fundraising-target-by-2030.php |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Charity Times |language=en}}</ref> wani binciken shari'a da bidiyo da ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan inganta wuraren da ke [[Addis Ababa]], Habasha. == Farkon aiki == Ayyukan Reed na farko shine daidaita kaburbura a wani kabari a Tsohon Windsor, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=15 March 2023 |title=Match funding charity sets £1bn fundraising target by 2030 |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/Match-funding-charity-sets-1bn-fundraising-target-by-2030.php |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Charity Times |language=en}}</ref> wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "...mai sanyi, yana da ban tsoro kuma yana da wahala - kuma ban daɗe ba a ciki. "<ref name="Independent newspaper interview 2000">{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Clancy |date=22 November 2000 |title=Twenty Questions: James Reed, Chief Executive, Reed Executive |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/student/postgraduate/mbas-guide/twenty-questions-james-reed-chief-executive-reed-exectutive-626185.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321205834/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/postgraduate/mbas-guide/twenty-questions-james-reed-chief-executive-reed-exectutive-626185.html/ |archive-date=21 March 2009 |access-date=30 July 2014 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu daga Oxford a shekarar 1984, yana neman aiki ga dan kasuwa. Ya aika da aikace-aikacen aiki na hasashe ga Gordon da Anita Roddick na The Body Shop, suna aiki a shagunan kamfanin a Brighton da Great Marlborough Street, London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=15 March 2023 |title=Match funding charity sets £1bn fundraising target by 2030 |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/Match-funding-charity-sets-1bn-fundraising-target-by-2030.php |access-date=2023-03-20 |website=Charity Times |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan sai Roddicks suka hayar da shi a matsayin mataimakin Gordon.<ref name="Recruiter interview">{{Cite web |last=Doke |first=DeeDee |title=Venturing into fresh fishing grounds |url=https://www.recruiter.co.uk/2012/09/venturing-fresh-fishing-grounds |access-date=29 July 2014 |website=Recruiter |publisher=Redactive Publishing Limited |quote=She brought huge energy into her work and loved what she did. She also had incredible attention to detail. |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222010059/https://www.recruiter.co.uk/2012/09/venturing-fresh-fishing-grounds |url-status=dead }}</ref> Reed ya yi aiki ga Saatchi &amp;amp; Saatchi tsakanin 1985 da 1986, inda ya gudanar da kamfen ɗin talla don British Rail, Club 18-30, Eurotunnel da [[Procter & Gamble]] . Daga 1987 zuwa 1988 ya tsara shirye-shiryen agaji da ci gaba a [[Bangladesh]], [[Pakistan]] da [[Afghanistan]] da Soviet-occupied, a madadin Taimaka wa Tsofaffi da Afghanaid . <ref name="spearswms.com">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2023 |title=James Reed: I don't understand why people donate directly to charity |url=https://spearswms.com/james-reed-big-give-boost-charity-donations/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=spearswms.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tsara tara kuɗi, tallace-tallace, da tallafawa ga Afghanaid kuma ya rufe rikicin Afghanistan don jaridar The Independent . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reed |first=James |date=2024-04-22 |title=How to make an effective change this World Earth Day |url=https://www.cityam.com/the-notebook-how-to-make-an-effective-change-this-world-earth-day/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=CityAM |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya shiga Afghanistan ya yi kama da ɗan Afghanistan yana tafiya tare da 'yan tawayen Mujahideen . <ref name="Week Ending">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Lyndsey |date=22 April 1988 |title=Behind Enemy Lines: Relief worker's close-up view of the Afghan war |url=https://www.thetimes.com |access-date=29 July 2014 |website= |quote=One of the officers told me to wear Afghan clothes and a turban and pretend to be asleep on the bus...so that's what I did and it was quite easy}}</ref> Reed ya shiga BBC a 1990, bayan kammala karatunsa daga Harvard. Ya samar da shirye-shirye don BBC TV a kan batutuwa kamar [[Tom Peters]] da mallakar kurkuku. Bayan shirin Tom Peters ya tara £ 1m, Reed ya nemi kudade don irin wannan shirin amma an hana shi, wanda ya sa ya bar BBC. Ya zama darektan da ba babban jami'in Reed ba a shekarar 1992. A cikin wata hira ta rediyo ta 2014, ya yi magana game da asalin shiga kasuwancin iyali na cikakken lokaci: <ref name="Best of the guest Best of the guest Best of the guest Effori 2014">{{Cite web |last=Best of the guest |date=2014-06-27 |title=Best of the Guests |url=https://businessshapers.co.uk/2014/06/ |access-date=2018-03-29 |website=Business Shapers |archive-date=2017-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706202031/https://businessshapers.co.uk/2014/06/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] ==manazarta == s35ud4ry4qfb4ipzuk759i27ymcrdvl 0 127732 891791 760724 2026-08-05T22:23:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Janet DeLaine''' ita ce Emeritus Fellow a Kwalejin Wolfson, Oxford kuma Fellow na Society of Antiquaries na London . Ita masanin binciken kayan tarihi ne na Roma wanda bincikensa ya mayar da hankali kan yanayin birane, tare da mai da hankali kan wuraren wanka, ci gaban birane da masana'antar gini a duniyar Roma. == Ayyuka == DeLaine ta horar da ita a fannin Injiniya sannan kuma Classics, ta sami BA (hons) da PhD a [[University of Adelaide|Jami'ar Adelaide]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=Ron |title=Classics in the University of Adelaide, Part II: 1976-2008 |url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/48870/1/Classics%20history.pdf |publisher=University of Adelaide}}</ref> Rubutun digirin ta ya kasance a kan Design da Construction a cikin Roman Imperial Architecture: the Baths of Caracalla a Roma. Littafin da ta biyo baya The Baths of Caracalla in Rome: Nazarin a cikin Design, Construction and Economics of Large-scale Building Projects in Imperial Rome, Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement 25 (Portsmouth R.I. 1997) ya lashe kyautar James R. Wiseman ta Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeological ta Amurka don mafi mahimmancin aiki a cikin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi a cikin 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=James R. Wiseman Book Award |url=https://www.archaeological.org/grant/wiseman-book-award/ |access-date=2021-03-16 |website=Archaeological Institute of America |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410112204/https://www.archaeological.org/grant/wiseman-book-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rike mukamin malami sannan kuma babban malami a fannin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology a Jami'ar Reading, a Sashen Archaeology, kafin ta zama malami a Cibiyar Archaeology a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a shekara ta 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newbold |first=Ron |title=Classics in the University of Adelaide, Part II: 1976-2008 |url=https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/48870/1/Classics%20history.pdf |publisher=University of Adelaide}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == === Littattafai === * Janet DeLaine: Gine-ginen Roman (Oxford History of Art) (Oxforde 2023). * Janet DeLaine, Stefano Camporeale, Antonio Pizzo (eds.) ''Arqueología de la construcción 5, kayan aikin mutum, injiniya da ababen more rayuwa: ayyukan bita na 5th International a kan ilimin kimiyyar gine-ginen Romawa, Oxford, Afrilu 11-12, 2015'' (Madrid 2016) {{ISBN|978-84-00-10142-8}} * Janet DeLaine da D.E. Johnston (ed.) Wutar wanka da wanka na Romawa. Ayyukan Taron Kasa da Kasa na Farko akan Roman Baths, Vol. 1, Wutarka da Jama'a; Vol. 2 Design and Construction, Journal of Roman Archaeology Supplement 37 (Portsmouth RI 1999). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781887829373|<bdi>9781887829373</bdi>]]{{ISBN|9781887829373}}&nbsp; * Janet DeLaine ''The Baths of Caracalla a Roma: wani bincike a cikin zane, gini da tattalin arziki na manyan ayyukan gini a cikin mulkin mallaka na Roma'', Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement 25 (Portsmouth R.I. 1997). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781887829250|<bdi>9781887829250</bdi>]]{{ISBN|9781887829250}}&nbsp; == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t90t0o5p7l30yozzsxifevqfrl27qcb 0 131890 891868 859216 2026-08-06T05:30:20Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hukumar Zabe ta Malay (Malay; Jawi), ta rage SPR ko EC, kwamiti ne da aka kafa don tabbatar da ayyukan adalci da adalci wajen gudanar da Zabe a Malaysia. Hukumar ta fada ƙarƙashin ikon Sashen Firayim Minista.<ref name="pmo">{{cite web|url=http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu=page&page=1670|title=Government Directory: Prime Minister's Department|date=8 July 2011|publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Malaysia|access-date=28 July 2011|archive-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224115030/http://www.pmo.gov.my/?menu=page&page=1670|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Hukumar Zabe (EC) a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1957, a karkashin Mataki na 114 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Malaysia, wanda ya ba ta damar gudanar da zabe ga Dewan Rakyat da majalisun jihohi. A lokacin da aka kafa ta, EC kawai ta kunshi shugaban da mambobi biyu - Datuk Dr Mustafa Albakri Hassan tare da Lee Ewe Boon da Ditt Singh. An kuma kafa sakatariyar don cika ayyukan hukumar da aiwatar da shawararta, tare da sakatare da ya zama babban mai gudanarwa. Sakataren EC na farko shi ne H. Cassidy . Bayan kafa Malaysia a 1963 da kuma hada Sabah da Sarawak, an kara wani memba don wakiltar jihohin biyu a kan juyawa. Datuk Abang Marzuki Nor daga Sarawak shine memba na farko da aka nada. Wani gyare-gyare ga Mataki na 114 da aka yi a 1981 ya ba da sabon mukamin mataimakin shugaban, kuma Abdul Rahman Abdul Hassan shine na farko da ya rike wannan mukamin. A yau, EC tana da shugaban, mataimakin shugaban da mambobi biyar, dukansu Yang di-Pertuan Agong ne ya nada su bayan tuntubar Taron Shugabannin. == Dokar Tsarin Mulki == A karkashin Mataki na 114, an ba da ikon " gudanar da zabe ga Majalisar Wakilai (Dewan Rakyat, ƙananan Majalisar dokoki) da Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihohi". A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Malaya mai zaman kanta, Hukumar ta kunshi shugaban daya da mambobi biyu, amma bayan Malaya ta haɗu da Arewacin [[Borneo]], Sarawak da [[Singafora|Singapore]] don samar da Malaysia, an fadada membobin hukumar ta hanyar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki don samar da ƙarin memba daga Sabah ko Sarawak. Wani gyare-gyare na 1981 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya kara wani memba kuma ya kirkiro mukamin mataimakin shugaban.[1] Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Sarki) ne ke nada mambobin hukumar, wanda dole ne ya tuntubi Taron Sarakuna kuma ya nada Hukumar da ke da amincewar jama'a. Kodayake Kundin Tsarin Mulki bai buƙaci tuntuɓar Firayim Minista a wannan bangaren ba, an yi jayayya cewa a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 40 na Kundin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki, Sarki ba zai iya yin aiki da kansa ba sai dai idan an bayyana shi a bayyane; a duk sauran lokuta, dole ne ya yarda da shawarar Firayim Ministan, kuma saboda haka ana yin nadin ga hukumar tare da shawarar Firaminista. Mambobin Hukumar sun yi ritaya suna da shekaru 65. == Ayyuka == Baya ga tsara zaɓe, ayyukan EC sun haɗa da sake nazarin iyakokin mazabar majalisa da jihohi, gudanar da zaɓe da gudanar da ayyukan rajista. Har ila yau, yana tattara bayanai game da sabbin yankuna masu tasowa don tabbatar da wakilci mai kyau na masu jefa kuri'a a kowane mazabar, yana inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da yadda yake da muhimmanci a jefa kuri'u kuma ya sake duba jerin sunayen waɗanda suka mutu ko kuma an hana su. A ranar zabe, za a kafa membobin EC da jami'ai a cibiyar zabe a duk faɗin ƙasar don kula da aikin. == Rashin jituwa == An zargi EC da kasancewa da rabin zuciya a cikin sake fasalin zabe kuma a cikin 2012, an zargi shugaban da mataimakin shugaban da kasancewa mambobi ne na jam'iyyar da ke mulki. Dukkanin mutanen da aka yarda sun kasance mambobi a wani lokaci, amma mataimakin shugaban daga baya ya janye shigarwar kuma ya yi tir da shi a matsayin ƙoƙari na lalata EC. A lokacin Babban Zabe na 14 na Malaysia a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2018, an zargi EC da ba da izinin manyan ayyukan Gerrymandering da malapportionment daga gwamnatin da ke kan mulki. An kuma tsawata shi saboda tsarin ƙididdigar kuri'a shine mafi tsawo a tarihin Malaysia, tare da sakamakon har yanzu ana gudana bayan karfe 4 na safe washegari (10 Mayu 2018, GMT +8:00). An kuma zargi EC da yin ranar zabe a ranar mako maimakon karshen mako. A halin yanzu ya musanta cewa ya yi ƙoƙari ya dakatar da Malaysians na kasashen waje don yin zabe. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gb254ri1bcynwdrspmjskij1b9bgun7 0 133035 891901 814123 2026-08-06T06:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Richard Coulter''' (3 Disamba 1930 - 6 Satumba 2024) ya kasance mai binciken kiwon lafiya na Australiya kuma ɗan siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2024 |title=SPA pays tribute to a great environmentalist : Dr John Coulter |url=https://newshub.medianet.com.au/2024/09/spa-pays-tribute-to-a-great-environmentalist-dr-john-coulter/65720/ |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=MediaNet |publisher=Sustainable Population Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldie |first=Jenny |date=17 September 2024 |title=Vale Dr John Coulter |url=https://johnmenadue.com/vale-dr-john-coulter/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Pearls and Irritations |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ya kasance shugaban majalisar dattijai na huɗu da aka zaba na jam'iyyar Democrat ta Australia, ya yi aiki daga 2 ga Oktoba 1991 zuwa 29 ga Afrilu 1993 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=Australian Democrats : our history |url=https://www.democrats.org.au/our-history/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Australian Democrats : our history |publisher=Australian Democrats |archive-date=13 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241013105842/https://www.democrats.org.au/our-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; A cikin jawabinsa na farko, ya soki gazawar alamun tattalin arziki da aka yi amfani da su a halin yanzu don auna abubuwan da suka dace, kamar hada farashin a matsayin fa'idodi a cikin ma'aunin GDP, da kuma rashin Asusun babban birnin kasa wanda ke ba da ra'ayi mai banƙyama na zama mai arziki ta hanyar lalata babban birnin halitta da kuma juya shi cikin tsabar kudi, wanda aka dafa shi ba tare da juya shi cikin babban birnin ba. Ya yi jayayya cewa gyara waɗannan alamun yaudara zai bayyana hanyoyin da ke zuwa ga dorewar muhalli da kuma al'umma mai mutunci.[1] A cikin jawabinsa na gaisuwa, ya ɗauki shari'ar cewa ci gaban tattalin arziki ba mai ɗorewa ba ne kuma cewa 'ra'ayin tattalin arziki' (tattalin arziki na zamani) akidar ce da ta makantar da shaidar shaida. Fahimtarsa game da kiyayewa da ka'idodin muhalli ya kasance na musamman a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2024 |title=SPA pays tribute to a great environmentalist : Dr John Coulter |url=https://newshub.medianet.com.au/2024/09/spa-pays-tribute-to-a-great-environmentalist-dr-john-coulter/65720/ |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=MediaNet |publisher=Sustainable Population Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldie |first=Jenny |date=17 September 2024 |title=Vale Dr John Coulter |url=https://johnmenadue.com/vale-dr-john-coulter/ |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Pearls and Irritations |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin damuwar Coulter shine tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na ci gaban jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2022 |title=Australian Democrats : our history |url=https://www.democrats.org.au/our-history/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Australian Democrats : our history |publisher=Australian Democrats |archive-date=13 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241013105842/https://www.democrats.org.au/our-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2024 |title=SPA pays tribute to a great environmentalist : Dr John Coulter |url=https://newshub.medianet.com.au/2024/09/spa-pays-tribute-to-a-great-environmentalist-dr-john-coulter/65720/ |access-date=8 September 2024 |website=MediaNet |publisher=Sustainable Population Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> An haifi Coulter a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Ya sami digiri na farko na Medicine da Surgery a Jami'ar Adelaide . Ya zama likitan likita da mai bincike, kuma ya kasance malamin jami'a. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Campbelltown a [[Adelaide]] daga 1973 zuwa 1974. A shekara ta 1980 ya shiga jam'iyyar Democrat. He first took office in the Senate in 1987, A shekara ta 1999, ya soki jagorancin Lees na 'yan Democrat, musamman ma yadda take kula da dokokin Haraji da Ayyuka. Ya yi imanin cewa Stott Despoja zai zama jagora mafi kyau, kuma yana aiki don wannan burin, wanda a zahiri ta cimma a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2001. Koyaya, mako guda kafin Zaben tarayya na 2001, Coulter ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar saboda ya yi imanin cewa Stott Despoja ya rage dimokuradiyya ta cikin gida. Ya ce ta dauki jam'iyyar daga cikin jama'a, cewa ta zama mai amfani, kuma ba zai iya ba da shawarar cewa mutane su jefa kuri'a ga jam'iyyar ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hkickqhb603tfafx3dcf51ym0cj9z1e 0 133136 891838 877551 2026-08-06T03:23:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mahmud Hasan Deobandi''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Shaykh al-Hind''', shi ne dalibi na farko na Darul Uloom Deoband, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗalibai uku na wanda ya kafa shi Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi. Ya jagoranci bikin kafa Jamia Millia Islamia a Aligarh a shekarar 1920. Ya rubuta fassarar [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] a cikin [[Urdu|Harshen Urdu]] wanda aka dauka a matsayin daya daga cikin fassarar Alkir'ani ta Kudu ta Asiya. Ebrahim Moosa, yayin da yake yin sharhi game da ɗaliban Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, ya ce: {{Blockquote|His fine cohort of students later gained popularity in the madrasa network and made contribution in the public life in South Asia in fields as diverse as religious scholarship, politics, and institution-building.}} == Jerin dalibai == Wadannan sune jerin daliban Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Name !Introduction !Reference |- |Abd al-Razzaq Peshawari |Syed Mehboob Rizwi has stated that Peshawari served as the Chief Justice in [[Afghanistan]] and was the head of Kabul University. | |- |Ahmed Ali Lahori |He was an exegete of the Qur'an. | |- |Anwar Shah Kashmiri |He served as the Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband for twelve years. [[Muhammad Iqbal]] lauded him saying that Allama Kashmiri is undoubtedly the greatest Islamic scholar born in the last 500 years. |<ref name="gk">{{Cite web |date=16 December 2017 |title=Bringing the Legend to Light |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/bringing-the-legend-to-light/ |access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Sayyid Asghar Hussain Deobandi |Best known as the Muhaddith of Darul Uloom Deoband, he laid foundation stone of Madrasatul Islah in Azamgarh. In Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught [[Sunan Abu Dawood|Sunan Abu Dawud]] and tafsir besides books on the [[Fiƙihu|fiqh]] such as Jalalayn and Durr-e-Mukhtar. | |- |Ashraf Ali Thanwi |Best known as Hakim al-Ummah, the known Sufi of recent past, authored more than a thousand books, best known for his translation of the [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] and ''Bahishti Zewar'', an authoritative book on every day [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] fiqh. | |- |Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani |First Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband, best known for Fatawa -e- Darul Uloom Deoband (Compilation of Fatwas issued by the seminary). | |- |Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad |Former Principal of Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad, former President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind and former Shaykh al-Hadith of Darul Uloom Deoband. | |- |Habibullah Qurayshi |He was the founding secretary-general of [[Darul Uloom Hathazari|Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam]] in Hathazari (present-day [[Bangladesh]]) | |- |Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad |He was 5th Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband and a Grand Mufti of formerly Hyderabad State. | |- |Hussain Ahmad Madani |Former Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband, Best known as Shaykh al-Islam or Asir-e-Malta. His work ''Composite Nationalism and Islam'' is one of the authoritative works on Opposition to the partition of India. | |- |Ibrahim Balyawi |The 6th Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband. He spent almost 50 years instructing [[Hadisi|Hadith]], Mantiq, Islamic philosophy, and other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband. |<ref>{{Cite book|last3=A F M Khalid Hossain}}</ref> |- |Izaz Ali Amrohi |Best known as Shaykh al-Adab, his book ''Nafahtul Arab'' is taught in the curriculum of dars-e-nizami in various [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasas]]. He served the post of Chief Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband for two times. | |- |Karim Bakhsh Sambhali |His notable students include Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi, Manzur Nu'mani and Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad. | |- |Kifayatullah Dehlawi |Best known as Hadhrat Mufti-e-Azam or former Grand Mufti of India, his book ''Kifayat al-Mufti'' is an authority in Hanafi Fiqh. He co-founded Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind and acted as its first President. His book ''Talim al-Islam'' is taught in various madrasahs. | |- |Manazir Ahsan Gilani |Best known as Sultan al-Qalam, former Dean of the Faculty of Theology of Osmania University, he is known for his books like ''Tadwin-e-Hadith'', ''Muqaddama Tadwin-e-Fiqh'' and ''Sawanih Qasmi''. He also wrote the tafseer of [[Al-Kahf|Surah Al-Kahf]]. |<ref name="ilmgate">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2015 |title=The Distinguished Researcher and Litterateur: Mawlānā Manāzir Ahsan Gīlāni |url=https://www.ilmgate.org/biography-manazir-ahsan-gilani/ |access-date=26 April 2020 |website=IlmGate.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006 |title=Muslim Personalities: Maulana Manazir Ahsan Gilani |url=http://www.biharanjuman.org/bio/Maulana_Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani.html |access-date=13 May 2020 |website=Biharanjuman.org |archive-date=4 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204070741/http://www.biharanjuman.org/bio/Maulana_Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi |He founded the Tablighi Jamaat. | |- |Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari |Best known for his role in Silk Letter Movement, he was the grandson of Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi. He authored a few books on politics which include ''Hukumat-e-Ilahi'', ''Asas-Inqelab'' and ''Dastoor-e-Imamat''. | |- |Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri |He was a former Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband. | |- |Qari Muhammad Tayyib |Best known as Hakim al-Islam, he was Vice Chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband for more than 50 years. Many of his [[Huɗuba|Khutbas]] were compiled in multiple volume collection. |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khutbat E Hakeem Ul Islam 1,2,3,4 [SUPER DELUXE EDITION] |url=https://www.biblio.com/book/khutbat-e-hakeem-ul-islam-1234/d/1210293055 |access-date=12 May 2020 |website=Biblio |publisher=Biblio.com}}</ref> |- |Sanaullah Amritsari |A leading figure of the Ahl-i Hadith movement, he was known for his polemics with [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]]. |<ref name="ummulqura">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Shaykh Al-Islam Thanaullah Amritsari &#124; Umm-Ul-Qura Publications |url=http://umm-ul-qura.org/2017/04/03/biography-of-shaykh-al-islam-thanaullah-amritsari/ |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-date=18 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118132741/https://umm-ul-qura.org/2017/04/03/biography-of-shaykh-al-islam-thanaullah-amritsari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Shabbir Ahmad Usmani |Best known as Shaykh al-Islam, among founding members of Jamia Millia Islamia, he read the inaugural speech of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi in Aligarh in October 1920. He was strong proponent of Pakistan movement and after the Partition of India, he became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, and remained a member until his death in 1949. He served as the Principal of Jamia Islamia Talimuddin, Dabhel after the death of Anwar Shah Kashmiri and later as the chancellor of Darul Uloom Deoband from 1945 to 1944. | |- |Muhammad Shafi |Former Grand Mufti of [[Pakistan]] and founder of Jamia Darul Uloom, Karachi. |<ref name="taqi" /> |- |Ubaidullah Sindhi |Best known as Imam-e-Inqelab, he took an active part in Silk Letter Movement. He is known to have established Bait al-Hikmah center in Jamia Millia Islamia in 1940 for the propagation of his Waliullahi philosophy. | |- |Uzair Gul Peshawari |He was an Indian freedom struggle activist who was jailed along with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi in Malta. He played an active role in Silk Letter Movement. | |- |Muhammad Yasin Sirhindi |One among the primary teachers of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]], he established Madrasa Ishat-e-Uloom in Bareilly. Khair Muhammad Jalandhari, the founder of Jamia Khairul Madaris, [[Pakistan]] is also among his notable students. |<ref name="auto" /><ref name="pakistan">{{Cite journal |last=Fakhar Bilal |title=From Jalandhar (India) to Multan (Pakistan): Establishment of Jamia Khair ul Madaris, 1931-1951 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/history/PDF-FILES/5_55_1_18.pdf |journal=Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan |publisher=Research Society of Pakistan |volume=55 |issue=1 (January-June 2018) |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref> |- |Saeed Ahmad Sandwipi | | |- |} == Bayanan littattafai == {{Reflist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Mahmud Hasan Deobandi}}{{Darul Uloom Deoband}} a0s04xq0ckzupadixofsf5guo8zkl22 0 134162 891948 775552 2026-08-06T09:02:00Z BEN917 17181 enwiki 891948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilias Iliaskos''' (Girkanci: ; 1910 - 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai gaba. == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:Aek_FC_1932_Cup_winner.jpg|left|thumb|AEK a gasar cin kofin 1932.]] An haifi Iliaskos a Constantinople a 1910 kuma a 1926 ya yi tafiya zuwa Girka kuma ya zauna a Athens. Ya zama dalibi na farko na Kwalejin Athens. A shekara ta 1927 ya fara buga kwallon kafa a AEK Athens kuma ya kafa kansa a kulob din a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu kai hari. A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1931 ya zira kwallaye biyar na tawagarsa a wasan karshe na gasar cin Kofin Girka ta farko, inda ya doke Aris da ci 5-3.[1] Wannan shi ne taken farko na kulob din a cikin shekaru 7 na wanzuwarsu.[2] Ya taka leda a "yellow-blacks" har zuwa 1933, lokacin da yake da shekaru 25, ya yi ritaya daga kwallon kafa. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == == Rayuwa ta mutum == Iliaskos ita ce dalibi na farko na Kwalejin Athens a shekarar 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |title=8/11/1931: Όταν η ΑΕΚ κατέκτησε το πρώτο Κύπελλο Ελλάδας |url=https://www.sport24.gr/sthles/8-11-1931-otan-i-aek-katektise-to-proto-kypello-elladas.8648657.html |website=sport24.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HONOURS: GREEK CUP 1932 |url=https://www.aekfc.gr/cdp/kypello-1932-45039.htm?lang=en&path=1221274264 |website=aekfc.gr}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa kuma a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=8/11/1931: Όταν η ΑΕΚ κατέκτησε το πρώτο Κύπελλο Ελλάδας |url=https://www.sport24.gr/sthles/8-11-1931-otan-i-aek-katektise-to-proto-kypello-elladas.8648657.html |website=sport24.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HONOURS: GREEK CUP 1932 |url=https://www.aekfc.gr/cdp/kypello-1932-45039.htm?lang=en&path=1221274264 |website=aekfc.gr}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin maza na kulob guda ɗaya a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Daraja == * Kofin Girka: 1931-321931–32 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j779eshwa37jj7vqwetummx7tvur1c3 0 135489 892088 885115 2026-08-06T11:31:01Z Baffa ali 47435 892088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Maria Desylla-Kapodistria (Girkanci: Μαρία Δεσύλλα Καποδίστρια, shekara ta 1898 harzuwa 1980) ita ce magajin garin Corfu daga 1956 har zuwa 1959. Zabenta a matsayin magajin gari a ranar 15 ga Afrilu ya yi silar kasancewarta mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin magajiyar gari a zamanin Girka ta yau.<ref name="allcorfu">{{cite web|url=http://www.allcorfu.com/in-trivia.html|title=Corfu Trivia|publisher=allcorfu.com|accessdate=2015-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Municipality of Corfu |url=http://www.corfu.gr/en/proties/desila.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015102214/http://www.corfu.gr/en/proties/desila.htm |archive-date=15 October 2004 |website=corfu.gr}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898]] hulrv2jyte1hknbly9rjisfpl51c8fk 0 135521 891951 785134 2026-08-06T09:22:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Justin Carl Fontaine''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1987) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne, tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan hockey na kankara . Ya buga wasa a gasar Hockey ta ƙasa (NHL) ga Minnesota Wild . == Sana'ar wasa == Fontaine ya halarci Jami'ar Minnesota Duluth inda ya buga wasanni huɗu (2007–2011) na wasan hockey na kwaleji na NCAA tare da Minnesota-Duluth Bulldogs A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 2011, Minnesota Wild ta ɗauki Fontaine a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa zuwa kwangilar matakin shiga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2013–14, Fontaine ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko ta NHL a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2013 a kan Dan Ellis na Dallas Stars daƙiƙa 12 cikin farkon kakar wasa - tarihin Minnesota Wild. Daga baya a daren, abokin wasansa na farko Mathew Dumba ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-12 |title=Third line helps Wild cruise past Stars |url=https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/dal-vs-min/2013/10/12/2013020072 |access-date=2013-10-12 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> Fontaine ya zira kwallaye uku a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2014, a kan Phoenix Coyotes a wasansa na farko a NHL Hat Trick. A kakar wasansa ta farko, Fontaine ya zira kwallaye 13, wanda ya kasance kyakkyawan ɗan wasa mai zura kwallaye a raga a Wild, kodayake kwallaye 13 da ya zira sun burge shi, Fontaine wani lokacin yana da kyau a fannin goyon bayan tsoffin 'yan wasa, duk da cewa yana wasa, galibi ana amfani da shi a matsayin layin layi na uku ko na huɗu. Fontaine ya kammala kakar wasansa ta farko da kwallaye 13 da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye 8, inda ya samu maki 21. A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2014, an sake sanya wa Fontaine kwantiragi na shekaru 2. Fontaine ya buga wasanni 9 na playoff, inda ya ƙara kwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka yi da Colorado da Chicago. Lokacin wasan Fontaine ya ƙaru a kakarsa ta biyu, domin kuwa yana yawan yin wasa daga layi zuwa layi. Duk da haka, rawar da yake takawa ba ta yi tasiri a wasansa ba, domin yana iya daidaitawa da sauri zuwa yin wasa a layuka daban-daban da kuma tare da 'yan wasa daban-daban. Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi a matsayin layin farko ko na biyu lokacin da raunin ya faru a kan Wild, kuma ana yaba masa da rashin canza wasansa lokacin da aka yi masa wasa. Fontaine ya nuna alamun tsohon kansa na cin kwallaye, amma ya nuna wasu ƙwarewarsa ta yin wasa. Kwallayen Fontaine sun ragu zuwa 9 kawai, amma duk da haka ya taimaka, ya taimaka da maki 22. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Maris, 2014 a wasan da suka yi da Calgary Flames, Fontaine ya sami babban bugun daga Joe Colborne, 'yan wasan Wild da Fontaine sun yi zaton bugun ya yi muni, saboda bai da bugun a lokacin. Duk da haka, Fontaine ya sami damar ci gaba da kasancewa a wasan, kuma a lokacin aikinsa na gaba, Fontaine ya kafa kwallon Thomas Vanek ta 20 ta daidaita wasan da maki 1, a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa nasara ta 4-2 a Wild. Bayan ya kawo ƙarshen shekaru 5 da ya yi yana wasa da Minnesota Wild, a matsayin ɗan wasa na dindindin a lokacin hutun kakar wasa, Fontaine bai sami damar cimma kwangilar NHL ba. A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2016, ya amince ya halarci sansanin horo na Florida Panthers bisa kwangilar gwaji ta ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, 2016, Fontaine ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara 1, mai hanyoyi biyu da New York Rangers kuma nan take aka tura ta zuwa ga ƙungiyar American Hockey League (AHL), Hartford Wolf Pack . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, bayan ta tattara maki 30 a wasanni 50 da ta yi da Wolf Pack a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2017, Rangers ta yi musayar Fontaine da Edmonton Oilers a madadin Taylor Beck . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-12 |title=Third line helps Wild cruise past Stars |url=https://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/dal-vs-min/2013/10/12/2013020072 |access-date=2013-10-12 |publisher=[[National Hockey League]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan kwangila daga Oilers bayan kammala kwangilarsa, Fontaine ya zaɓi yin aiki a ƙasashen waje ta hanyar amincewa da yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da HC Dinamo Minsk na KHL a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa Bayan Aiki == Lokacin da Fontaine ya kammala aikinsa na wasan hockey a hukumance a shekarar 2020, ya fara koyar da horon ƙwarewa a garinsu Bonnyville, Alberta . Mahalarta sun ruwaito cewa waɗannan sansanonin horarwa sun yi kyau sosai. Wannan zai yi ma'ana domin wannan shine abin da aka san shi da shi a NHL lokacin da yake bugawa Wild . A ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2023, Bonnyville Pontiacs ya yi ritaya daga rigar Fontaine mai lamba 14 kuma ya aika da tutarsa a cikin rafters. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-19 |title=Wild signs Justin Fontaine |url=http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |access-date=2013-01-02 |publisher=[[Minnesota Wild]] |archive-date=2016-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915024438/http://wild.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=560281 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em" |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! colspan="5" |Regular season ! rowspan="100" bgcolor="#ffffff" | ! colspan="5" |Playoffs |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" !Season !Team !League !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM !GP !G !A !Pts !PIM |- align="center" | align="center" |2004–05 | align="center" |Bonnyville Pontiacs | align="center" |AJHL | align="center" |12 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |5 | align="center" |12 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2005–06 | align="center" |Bonnyville Pontiacs | align="center" |AJHL | align="center" |50 | align="center" |26 | align="center" |55 | align="center" |81 | align="center" |36 |9 |1 |6 |7 |4 |- align="center" | align="center" |2006–07 | align="center" |Bonnyville Pontiacs | align="center" |AJHL | align="center" |52 | align="center" |30 | align="center" |41 | align="center" |71 | align="center" |60 |5 |3 |5 |8 |10 |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2007–08 | align="center" |U. of Minnesota-Duluth | align="center" |WCHA | align="center" |35 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |12 | align="center" |8 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" | align="center" |2008–09 | align="center" |U. of Minnesota-Duluth | align="center" |WCHA | align="center" |43 | align="center" |15 | align="center" |33 | align="center" |48 | align="center" |18 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2009–10 | align="center" |U. of Minnesota-Duluth | align="center" |WCHA | align="center" |39 | align="center" |21 | align="center" |25 | align="center" |46 | align="center" |22 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" | align="center" |2010–11 | align="center" |U. of Minnesota-Duluth | align="center" |WCHA | align="center" |42 | align="center" |22 | align="center" |36 | align="center" |58 | align="center" |42 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2011–12 | align="center" |Houston Aeros | align="center" |AHL | align="center" |73 | align="center" |16 | align="center" |39 | align="center" |55 | align="center" |32 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- align="center" | align="center" |2012–13 | align="center" |Houston Aeros | align="center" |AHL | align="center" |64 | align="center" |23 | align="center" |33 | align="center" |56 | align="center" |18 | align="center" |5 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |5 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |4 |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2013–14 | align="center" |Minnesota Wild | align="center" |NHL | align="center" |66 | align="center" |13 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |21 | align="center" |26 |9 |1 |1 |2 |2 |- align="center" | align="center" |2014–15 | align="center" |Minnesota Wild | align="center" |NHL | align="center" |71 | align="center" |9 | align="center" |22 | align="center" |31 | align="center" |12 |6 |1 |1 |2 |2 |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" |2015–16 |Minnesota Wild |NHL |60 |5 |11 |16 |20 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- align="center" | align="center" |2016–17 | align="center" |Hartford Wolf Pack | align="center" |AHL | align="center" |50 | align="center" |9 | align="center" |21 | align="center" |30 | align="center" |20 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | align="center" |2016–17 | align="center" |Bakersfield Condors | align="center" |AHL | align="center" |15 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |9 | align="center" |11 | align="center" |6 |— |— |— |— |— |- align="center" | align="center" |2017–18 | align="center" |Dinamo Minsk | align="center" |KHL | align="center" |52 | align="center" |13 | align="center" |17 | align="center" |30 | align="center" |33 |— |— |— |— |— |- style="background: #f0f0f0;" |2018–19 |Kunlun Red Star |KHL |54 |8 |14 |22 |16 |— |— |— |— |— |- |2019–20 |Kölner Haie |DEL |8 |1 |4 |5 |8 |— |— |— |— |— |- bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! colspan="3" |NHL totals !197 !27 !41 !68 !58 !19 !2 !2 !4 !4 |} == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] rzfc5j51rjh74qjwdfzfunqc38omjgf 0 136596 891841 861092 2026-08-06T04:07:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Motsa jiki mai kore''' yana nufin [[motsa jiki]] da ake yi a [[Yanayi na halitta|muhallin halitta]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=MacKay |first=Graham J. |last2=Neill |first2=James T. |year=2010 |title=The effect of 'green exercise' on state anxiety and the role of exercise duration, intensity, and greenness: A quasi-experimental study |url=http://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/items/258d45a1-756c-295e-40d8-0b87090ad0e8/1/ |journal=Psychology of Sport and Exercise |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=238–45 |doi=10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.01.002 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807101610/http://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/items/258d45a1-756c-295e-40d8-0b87090ad0e8/1/ |archive-date=2011-08-07 |access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> <ref name="pretty2005">{{Cite journal |last=Pretty |first=Jules |last2=Peacock |first2=Jo |last3=Sellens |first3=Martin |last4=Griffin |first4=Murray |year=2005 |title=The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise |journal=International Journal of Environmental Health Research |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=319–37 |doi=10.1080/09603120500155963 |pmid=16416750 |s2cid=10078664}}</ref> Motsa jiki sananne ne don samar da [[Motsa jiki|fa'idodi na lafiyar jiki da ta hankali]] . Akwai kuma kyakkyawan shaida cewa kallo, kasancewa a ciki, da kuma hulɗa da [[Yanayi na halitta|muhallin halitta]] yana da sakamako mai kyau, rage damuwa da ƙara ƙarfin jure damuwa, rage gajiyar tunani da inganta maida hankali da aikin fahimta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ulrich |first=R. S. |year=1981 |title=Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects |journal=Environment and Behavior |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=523–56 |doi=10.1177/0013916581135001 |s2cid=145353028}}</ref> Saboda haka, manufar motsa jiki mai kore ta samo asali ne daga fannoni masu kyau kamar ka'idar maido da hankali a cikin ilimin halayyar muhalli wanda ya fi mai da hankali kan tasirin tunani da ta jiki na kallon yanayi (misali, duba aikin Kaplan da Ulrich) da kuma aikin da aka amince da shi game da [[Motsa jiki|fa'idodin motsa jiki na]] tunani. Matsayin motsa jiki na kore a [[Lafiya|lafiyar]] jiki da ta kwakwalwa (misali, saboda [[Rashin lalacewar yanayi|matsalar rashin kyawun yanayi]] ) ya jawo hankali sosai tun daga farkon karni na ashirin da daya, musamman ta hanyar binciken Jules Pretty da Jo Barton a Jami'ar Essex . <ref name="pretty2005" /> <ref name="pretty2007">{{Cite journal |last=Pretty |first=J. |last2=Peacock |first2=J. |last3=Hine |first3=R. |last4=Sellens |first4=M. |last5=South |first5=N. |last6=Griffin |first6=M. |year=2007 |title=Green exercise in the UK countryside: Effects on health and psychological well-being, and implications for policy and planning |journal=Journal of Environmental Planning and Management |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=211–31 |doi=10.1080/09640560601156466 |s2cid=54179127}}</ref> <ref name="barton2010">{{Cite journal |last=Barton |first=Jo |last2=Pretty |first2=Jules |year=2010 |title=What is the Best Dose of Nature and Green Exercise for Improving Mental Health? A Multi-Study Analysis |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=44 |issue=10 |pages=3947–55 |bibcode=2010EnST...44.3947B |doi=10.1021/es903183r |pmid=20337470 |s2cid=1443095}}</ref> da shirye-shirye da dama da aka tallafa musu (duba misalai ). Binciken ya ƙunshi mahalarta daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da manya, matasa da ƙungiyoyi masu rauni kamar waɗanda ke da cututtukan tabin hankali (duba bincike ). == Ka'ida == Ana iya amfani da motsa jiki na kore daga wasu ra'ayoyi na ka'ida, ciki har da: * Ilimin halayyar motsa jiki * [[Ra'ayi na Biophilia|Ilimin halittar jiki]] da kuma ilimin halittar jiki * Ka'idojin ilimin halayyar muhalli, kamar ka'idar maido da hankali == Bincike == '''Manya''' Binciken da aka yi kan tasirin motsa jiki na kore ga manya ya nuna fa'idodi masu yawa ga girman kai da yanayi. <ref name="pretty2005" /> <ref name="pretty2007" /> <ref name="barton2010" /> Babban binciken da aka yi kan motsa jiki na kore ga manya ya haɗa da hanyoyin nazarin meta-analytic don nazarin sakamakon bincike 10 bisa ga mahalarta motsa jiki na kore 1252. <ref name="barton2010" /> Sakamakon ya nuna cewa " girman tasirin da aka samu don inganta girman kai shine ''d'' = 0.46 (CI 0.34−0.59, ''p'' < 0.00001) da kuma yanayi ''d'' = 0.54 (CI 0.38−0.69, ''p'' < 0.00001). Amsoshin allurai na duka ƙarfi da tsawon lokaci sun nuna fa'idodi masu yawa daga gajerun ayyukan motsa jiki na kore, sannan kuma raguwa amma har yanzu suna da sakamako mai kyau. Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa duk nau'ikan yanayin kore sun inganta girman kai da yanayi, duk da haka mafi girman ci gaba an samu ne daga muhallin da ruwa yake. Haka kuma duk mahalarta sun sami ci gaba a girman kai da yanayi, duk da haka waɗanda ke fama da cututtukan kwakwalwa sun sami mafi girman ƙaruwa a girman kai. '''Ƙungiyoyi masu rauni''' Sakamakon nazarin meta na Barton da Pretty <ref name="barton2010"/> ya nuna cewa motsa jiki na kore na iya samun aikace-aikacen magani . Wannan ya haifar da ra'ayin Green Care. Green Care ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan ayyukan motsa jiki na kore, ciki har da noman zamantakewa da na magani, taimakon dabbobi, ilimin muhalli, ya sauƙaƙa motsa jiki na kore, maganin daji da kuma kiwon lafiya . An yi bincike mai zurfi kan fa'idodin waɗannan hanyoyin kula da kore. An nuna cewa noma na musamman yana inganta girman kai da yanayi ga waɗanda ke fama da cututtukan kwakwalwa iri-iri, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hine |first=Rachel |last2=Peacock |first2=Jo |last3=Pretty |first3=Jules N |year=2008 |title=Care Farming in the UK: Contexts, Benefits and Links with Therapeutic Communities |url=https://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/5058 |journal=International Journal of Therapeutic Communities |volume=29 |issue=3}}</ref> yayin da aka nuna cewa maganin daji yana inganta girman kai da sakamakon lafiyar kwakwalwa ga matasa da ke cikin haɗari. '''Yara''' [[Fayil:Adirondacks_-_Rolling_Pond_Campground_bouldering.JPG|right|thumb]] Idan aka kwatanta da bincike a kan manya, bincike a kan yara da matasa ya nuna cewa babu wani ƙarin fa'ida na shiga motsa jiki na kore don girmama kai ko yanayi. <ref name="wood2012">{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=Carly |last2=Angus |first2=Caroline |last3=Pretty |first3=Jules |last4=Sandercock |first4=Gavin |last5=Barton |first5=Jo |year=2013 |title=A randomised control trial of physical activity in a perceived environment on self-esteem and mood in UK adolescents |url=http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/16144/1/A%2520randomised%2520control%2520trial%2520of%2520physical%2520activity%2520in%2520a%2520perceived%2520environment%2520on%2520self-esteem%2520and%2520mood%2520in%2520UK%2520adolescents.pdf |journal=International Journal of Environmental Health Research |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=311–20 |doi=10.1080/09603123.2012.733935 |pmid=23075427 |s2cid=8733485 |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2017-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829151623/http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/16144/1/A%2520randomised%2520control%2520trial%2520of%2520physical%2520activity%2520in%2520a%2520perceived%2520environment%2520on%2520self-esteem%2520and%2520mood%2520in%2520UK%2520adolescents.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Reed2013">{{Cite journal |last=Reed |first=Katharine |last2=Wood |first2=Carly |last3=Barton |first3=Jo |last4=Pretty |first4=Jules N. |last5=Cohen |first5=Daniel |last6=Sandercock |first6=Gavin R. H. |year=2013 |title=A Repeated Measures Experiment of Green Exercise to Improve Self-Esteem in UK School Children |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=7 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...869176R |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0069176 |pmc=3722246 |pmid=23894426 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Waɗannan binciken na iya danganta da [[Rashin lalacewar yanayi|matsalar ƙarancin yanayi]] inda yara ke ɓatar da ƙarancin lokaci a waje suna mu'amala da muhallin halitta. Don samun fa'idodi daga hulɗa da yanayi, mutum yana buƙatar a haɗa shi kuma ya ji wani motsin rai game da shi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bratman |first=Gregory N. |last2=Hamilton |first2=J. Paul |last3=Daily |first3=Gretchen C. |year=2012 |title=The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1249 |issue=1 |pages=118–36 |bibcode=2012NYASA1249..118B |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x |pmid=22320203 |s2cid=10902404}}</ref> don haka yana yiwuwa yara ba sa amfana da motsa jiki na kore kamar yadda manya suke yi saboda ba su da alaƙa da muhallin halitta kamar yadda manya suke yi. <ref name="wood2012" /> <ref name="Reed2013" /> == Misalai == Misalan motsa jiki na kore suna da yawa kuma iri-iri. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da: # Kungiyar Natural England tana daukar nauyin ayyukan motsa jiki guda takwas na nuna kore ta hanyar hadin gwiwar yankuna. Babban manufar ita ce kara yawan motsa jiki da kuma alaka da mutane da wuraren kore na yankinsu. # ''Haɗin gwiwar Motsa Jiki na Green'' tsakanin NHS Health Scotland, FCS da [[NatureScot|Scottish Natural Heritage]] (SNH). Tare da haɗin gwiwar SNH da NHS Health Scotland, Gwamnatin Scotland tana ba da tallafin fam miliyan 3 ga Paths for All Partnership tsakanin 2007 da 2010 don haɓaka Shirinta na Hanyoyi zuwa Lafiya, wanda a halin yanzu ke tallafawa sama da mutane 20,000 don shiga cikin yawo a fannin lafiya kowane mako. Ana kuma ba da tallafin kuɗi na SNH da Gwamnati ga BTCV don faɗaɗa aikin ''motsa jiki na kore'' . <ref>Scottish Natural Heritage (2009). ''[http://nnr-scotland.org.uk/pdfs/strategy/HealthierScotland.pdf Developing the contribution of the natural heritage to a healthier Scotland]{{Dead link}}''</ref> # Shirye-shiryen Green Gym wani nau'in motsa jiki ne na kore. Waɗannan galibi sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu tsari waɗanda ke shiga aikin sa-kai na gyaran muhalli, amma waɗanda aka tsara musamman don samar da motsa jiki da motsa jiki a cikin mahallin fuskantar yanayi na halitta. Misalin irin wannan shirin motsa jiki na kore shine waɗanda ake gudanarwa ta hanyar Gidauniyar Kula da Muhalli ta Australiya waɗanda suka dogara da irin waɗannan shirye-shirye da [[Masu sa kai na kiyayewa|British Trust for Conservation Volunteers]] ke gudanarwa. # Gudun ƙafafu ba tare da takalmi ba misali ne na wani nau'in motsa jiki (gudu) wanda ake gudanarwa don haɗawa da ƙarin hulɗa da muhallin da ke kewaye (ta hanyar yin tafiya babu takalmi). # Ƙungiyoyin Tafiya da Magana suna haɗuwa akai-akai don yin yawo a cikin hanyoyin kore ta cikin ƙauyuka, garuruwa da birane bisa ga ƙa'idodin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Duniya ta Gaske kamar yadda Guy Holmes, mai fafutukar kare lafiyar kwakwalwa Nicki Evans da sauransu suka bayyana. == Manazarta == i07vn5kbvexkbille1ifsa842821k67 0 137012 891934 780602 2026-08-06T07:54:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Josette Bournet''' (1905 - 1962) ɗan Faransa mai zane ne kuma masanin yumbu wanda aka nuna aikinsa a Paris a Salon d'Automne, Société des Artistes Indépendants da kuma a Salon des Tuileries. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Josette Bournet Museum – Le Site des Musées Bourbonnais – Musées d'Allier |url=https://musees-bourbonnais.fr/en/musees/josette-bournet-museum/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203081844/https://musees-bourbonnais.fr/en/musees/josette-bournet-museum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Josette Marguerite Téreille a Vichy, Faransa, a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1905. Ita 'yar Philippe Téreille da Marie (wanda aka sani da "Marguerite") Clausat ce, waɗanda aka yi aure a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1904, a [[Clermont-Ferrand]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Josette Bournet - Autoportraits |url=https://www.josette-bournet.com/Autoportraits.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.josette-bournet.com}}</ref> Kakanninta biyu sun fito ne daga Châteldon, a Puy-de-Dôme . Kakanta na uba, wanda asalinsa daga Creuse ne, ya mallaki Hôtel du Beaujolais a Vichy, wanda iyayen Josette ke kula da shi. Kakanta na wajen uwa, Joseph Claussat "babba" (1846–1910), ya fito ne daga Pont-du-Château. A shekarar 1872, ya auri Elisabeth Dassaud, 'yar wani mai masauki daga Châteldon. A shekarar 1881, an zaɓe shi magajin garin garin kuma a shekarar 1883 ya zama kansila na Puy-de-Dôme a ƙarƙashin sunan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na gurguzu. Ɗansa Joseph zai riƙe waɗannan ayyukan a 1907 da 1908. A kusan shekarar 1919, iyalan Josette suka ƙaura zuwa Nice don kula da otal-otal guda biyu, Scribe da Prince de Galles. Josette ta haɗu da Louis Bournet, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1921 lokacin tana da shekaru 16 kuma sun haifi 'ya mace a shekarar 1924. <ref name=":1"/> A shekarar 1925, 'yar uwarta Jeanne, wacce a lokacin ɗaliba ce a fannin zane-zane na Arts a [[Nice]], ta gayyaci mai zane a bakin teku inda malamin, Jean Denisse, ke sha'awar zane-zanen Josette. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta shiga fannin zane-zane na Arts Décoratifs. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 1926, Josette da Louis Bournet suka rabu, ta tafi Paris, ta bar 'yarta tare da mahaifinta. <ref name=":1"/> Josette ta ɗauki darasi a Académie de la Grande Chaumière, sannan a shekarar 1928 ta shiga ƙungiyar ayyukan tsarki, wanda masu zane-zane Maurice Denis da George Desvallières suka jagoranta. Daga 1929, ta kan yi baje kolin a Salon d'Automne, wanda ta zama memba a 1935, a Société des Artistes Indépendants da kuma a Salon des Tuileries . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-04 |title=Musée Josette Bournet {{!}} Auvergne Destination |url=https://www.auvergne-destination.com/fiches/musee-josette-bournet/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.auvergne-destination.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> [[Fayil:Mela_Muter_par_Josette_Bournet.jpg|thumb|Hoton Bournet na Mela Muter]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] oooe3plmutg5m37c9xernrjizg87a29 0 137160 891849 850094 2026-08-06T05:16:58Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Attalia 32''', ko kuma kawai '''Attalia''', jirgin ruwa ne na Faransa wanda kamfanin kera na [[Joubert-Nivelt]] ya kera <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |last=Jeanneau |author-link=Jeanneau |title=Attalia |url=https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017181323/https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=jeanneauamerica.com}}</ref> <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Joubert-Nivelt |url=https://sailboat.guide/joubert-nivelt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220928155512/https://sailboat.guide/joubert-nivelt |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Joubert-Nivelt |url=https://sailboatdata.com/designer/joubert-nivelt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201219161507/https://sailboatdata.com/designer/joubert-nivelt |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Joubert Nivelt Design Sailboat designer |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/designers/joubert-nivelt-design |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201218155419/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/designers/joubert-nivelt-design |archive-date=18 December 2020 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> Jirgin ya dogara ne a shekarar 1981 International Offshore Rule Half Ton zakara na duniya, mai suna ''Air Bigouden'' . <ref name="Kretschmer">{{Cite web |last=Kretschmer |first=John |date=October 2002 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailingmagazine.net/article-559-jeanneau-attalia-32.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017184945/https://sailingmagazine.net/article-559-jeanneau-attalia-32.html |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Sailing Magazine}}</ref> == Production == Jeanneau ne ya gina wannan zane a Faransa, daga shekarar 1982 zuwa 1988 tare da kammala jiragen ruwa 871, amma yanzu ya daina kera. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> [ <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |last=Jeanneau |author-link=Jeanneau |title=Attalia |url=https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017181323/https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=jeanneauamerica.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Joubert-Nivelt |url=https://sailboat.guide/joubert-nivelt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220928155512/https://sailboat.guide/joubert-nivelt |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Joubert-Nivelt |url=https://sailboatdata.com/designer/joubert-nivelt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201219161507/https://sailboatdata.com/designer/joubert-nivelt |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Joubert Nivelt Design Sailboat designer |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/designers/joubert-nivelt-design |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20201218155419/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/designers/joubert-nivelt-design |archive-date=18 December 2020 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> == Zane == Attalia 32 keelboat ne na nishaɗi, wanda aka gina galibi da ingantaccen fiberglass polyester tare da bene na balsa da datsa itacen [[Tak|teak]] . Yana da masthead sloop rig, tare da mast-taka-tsaki, saiti guda ɗaya na shimfidawa mara kyau da spars na aluminum tare da ci gaba da rigin bakin karfe . Rumbun yana da guntun [[rake]], juzu'i mai juyi, skeg -saka da rudder wanda aka sarrafa ta tiller da kafaffen keel ɗin fin, ko stub keel da haɗin keel na zaɓi na zaɓi. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> [ <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |last=Jeanneau |author-link=Jeanneau |title=Attalia |url=https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017181323/https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=jeanneauamerica.com}}</ref> <ref name="Kretschmer">{{Cite web |last=Kretschmer |first=John |date=October 2002 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailingmagazine.net/article-559-jeanneau-attalia-32.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017184945/https://sailingmagazine.net/article-559-jeanneau-attalia-32.html |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Sailing Magazine}}</ref> Sigar ƙayyadaddun keel ya maye gurbin {{Convert|7496|lb|kg|0}} kuma yana ɗaukar {{Convert|2723|lb|kg|0}} na simintin ƙarfe ballast, yayin da juzu'in keel ya maye gurbin {{Convert|7749|lb|kg|0}} kuma yana ɗaukar {{Convert|2976|lb|kg|0}} na simintin ƙarfe na waje ballast, tare da wani karfe lilo keel. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="Official">{{Cite web |last=Jeanneau |author-link=Jeanneau |title=Attalia |url=https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017181323/https://www.jeanneau.com/en/boats/sailboat/36-autres-modeles-voile/547-attalia/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=jeanneauamerica.com}}</ref> Tsayayyen nau'in keel na jirgin ruwan yana da daftarin {{Convert|5.70|ft|m}}, yayin da sigar kayan aiki na lilo tana da daftarin {{Convert|6.54|ft|m}} tare da keel mika da {{Convert|3.62|ft|m}} tare da retracted, kyale aiki a cikin m ruwa. <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> Jirgin na ɗauke da injin dizal na Volvo Penta na kasar [[Sweden]] mai {{Convert|7|hp|kW|0}} don docking da maneuvering. Tankin mai yana ɗaukar {{Convert|12|u.s.gal}} kuma tankin ruwa mai dadi yana da karfin {{Convert|24|u.s.gal}} . <ref name="Data">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145352/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="DataSK">{{Cite web |last=McArthur |first=Bruce |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Swing Keel (Jeanneau) sailboat |url=https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145507/https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/attalia-32-swing-keel-jeanneau |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboatdata.com}}</ref> <ref name="Guide">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145411/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="GuideSK">{{Cite web |last=Sea Time Tech, LLC |year=2022 |title=Jeanneau Attalia 32 Swing Keel |url=https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145558/https://sailboat.guide/jeanneau/attalia-32-swing-keel |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=sailboat.guide}}</ref> <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> Zane yana da wurin kwana ga mutane shida, tare da "V" sau biyu a cikin gidan baka, wani saiti mai siffar L da madaidaiciya a cikin babban ɗakin da ɗakin aft tare da gado biyu a gefen tashar jiragen ruwa. Filin jirgin yana gefen tashar tashar jiragen ruwa kusa da tsani na abokin tafiya . Talo mai siffar L kuma an sanye shi da murhu mai konewa biyu, 26.4 U.S. gallons (100 L; 22.0 imp gal) akwatin kankara da nutse biyu. Tashar kewayawa tana fuskantar titin jirgin, a gefen tauraro. Shugaban yana kusa da tashar kewayawa a gefen tauraro kuma ya haɗa da shawa. Gidan gidan yana da 76 inches (193 cm) . [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Don tafiya ƙasa da ƙasa ƙila ƙila a sanye da ƙira mai simmetrical spinnaker na {{Convert|778|sqft|m2}} . <ref name="Specs">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Deep draft Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145722/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-deep-draft |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> <ref name="SpecsSK">{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Attalia 32 Keel and centerboard Sailboat specifications |url=https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20221017145840/https://www.boat-specs.com/sailing/sailboats/jeanneau/attalia-32-keel-and-centerboard |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=Boat-Specs.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == cqt6v4lbumwhnwnklo4nmea982v0468 0 137871 891731 791169 2026-08-05T18:18:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} John Paul "JP" Lam (an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 1984 a Honolulu, Hawaii) mawaki ne kuma mawaƙi ɗan Amurka. Ya shahara saboda haɗin gwiwarsa da mawaƙin R&B Misia, wanda ya sami karbuwa sosai a Koriya ta Kudu da Japan. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] A shekarar 2012, ya fitar da waƙarsa ta farko mai rai wacce ta zama waƙar farko ta farko ga anime Shirokuma Cafe.[1] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi JP a [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Punahou, ya kammala a shekara ta 2002, sannan ya halarci Jami'ar Pepperdine a kan tallafin karatu na murya inda ya fi dacewa da [[sadarwa]].<ref name="midweek">{{Cite web |last=Moniz |first=Melissa |date=June 9, 2010 |title=JP Lam Is Getting Global Kicks |url=http://archives.midweek.com/content/columns/newsmaker_article/JP_John_Paul_Lam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520072427/http://archives.midweek.com/content/columns/newsmaker_article/JP_John_Paul_Lam/ |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |access-date=June 22, 2012 |website=[[MidWeek]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Pepperdine, JP ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga Michael W. Smith tare da wanda ya lashe American Idol Jordin Sparks . A shekara ta 2007, TVXQ ya yi amfani da waƙarsa "Yeo Haeng Gi", wanda aka haɗa shi a ɗayan kundin SM Town, sannan ya koma [[Koriya ta Kudu]] don ci gaba da aikinsa a cikin kiɗa. A shekara ta 2009, JP ta koma Tokyo, Japan kuma ta fara aiki tare da mawaƙan R & B Misia . Waƙar farko da ya rubuta mata ita ce "Work It Out", wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin kundi na 2009 Just Ballade . JP kuma ta rubuta waƙarta "Ultra X'mas", wanda aka haɗa shi a matsayin B-gefe a kan Misia ta hunturu guda "Hoshi no Yō ni...". A shekara ta 2010, Misia da JP sun sake yin aiki tare a kan waƙar "Maware Maware", gudummawar da ta bayar ga kundin gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2010 Listen Up! , inda shi da DJ Muro na Japan aka ba su kyauta a ƙarƙashin sunan su "M2J".[1] JP kuma ta haɗu da Misia a cikin kundin Soul Quest na 2011, tana rubutu da yin waƙa a kan waƙoƙi da yawa, tare da tallafa mata a kan yawon shakatawa don kundin.[2] A cikin shekara ta 2012, JP ya fara fitowa a kan lakabin rikodin Avex Group tare da waƙar "Boku ni Invitation" wanda ke aiki a matsayin waƙar buɗewa don jerin shirye-shiryen ''Shirokuma Cafe'' . <ref name="nat">{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2012 |title=椎名慶治作詞「しろくまカフェ」OP歌うハワイ出身シンガー |url=http://natalie.mu/music/news/67426 |access-date=June 22, 2012 |publisher=[[Natalie (website)|Natalie]] |archive-date=August 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825085738/http://natalie.mu/music/news/67426 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Ma'aurata === * "Boku ni Invitation" - 20 ga Yuni, 2012 * == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mecl5bw7ey8ms21sr23hyf0hp2cr5ut 0 139016 891992 814814 2026-08-06T10:18:15Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Birni Kafela''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Kabela''' da '''Jadid''', ita ce babban birnin [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] daga 1813 zuwa 1846.{{Efn|''Birni'' means [[city]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Edwin |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_of_the_Bornu_Or_Kanuri_Language/DCFKAAAAcAAJ |title=Grammar of the Bornu Or Kanuri Language: With Dialogues, Translations, and Vocabulary |last2=Richardson |first2=James |date=1853 |publisher=Harrison & Sons |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Kirk-Greene |first=Anthony Hamilton Millard |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Meaning_of_Place_Names_in_Hausaland/9HQRAQAAMAAJ |title=The Meaning of Place Names in Hausaland |date=1969 |publisher=Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Série B: Sciences humaines |pages=265 |language=en}}</ref>. Muhammad IX Ngileruma ne ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular bayan an lalata tsohon babban birnin, [[Ngazargamu]], a cikin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fula]]. == Tarihi == Tsohon babban birnin Daular Kanem-Bornu, [[Ngazargamu]], [[Fulani]] ne suka lalata shi a 1808. Kodayake mai [[Dunama IX Lefiami]] ya sake ma''''Mayu'''' rushewar a takaice, ba da dadewa ba aka bar su saboda hare-haren Fulani da aka yi a yankin. Dunama ya gudu zuwa gabas amma ya ƙasa yanke shawara kan sabon babban birnin dindindin, a maimakon haka yana motsa kotunsa kowane 'yan watanni.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Brenner |first=Louis |url=https://archive.org/details/shehusofkukawahi0000bren/mode/2up?q=ngala |title=The Shehus of Kukawa: a history of the Al-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu |date=1973 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-821681-0 |pages=30–36, 66, 70}}</ref> Rashin zabar sabon wurin zama na dindindin yana daga cikin dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar manyan ma'aikatan kotu da suka kori Dunama a cikin 1811, <ref name=":22" /> sun ''Mayu'' gurbinsa a matsayin mai tare da kawunsa Muhammad IX Ngileruma. Mas din sun fada cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin tasirin shahararren shugaban soja kuma masanin addini [[Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi]].<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":22" /> A cikin 1813, Ngileruma ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular na dindindin. Kafela wani lokacin ana kiranta ''Birni Jadid'', ma'ana "sabon Birni" (Birni na baya shine Birni Ngazargamu). Kafela tana kusa da wurin zama na al-Kanemi a Ngurno . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lavers |first=John E. |date=1993 |title=The al-Kanimiyyin Shehus: a working chronology |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2006/docId/1826 |journal=Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs |volume=268 |issue=2 |pages=180 |jstor= }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wataƙila an zaɓi shafin Kafela don amfanin cinikin potash, wanda a al'adance ya ratsa yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=1981 |title=Man and a Lake |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/sfhom_1768-7144_1981_mel_5_1_930 |journal=Publications de la Société française d'histoire des outre-mers |pages=161–178}}</ref> Kafela ita ce mazaunin mai kuma mai yiwuwa kuma mafi yawan aristocracy na daular. Ba kamar Ngazargamu ba, Kafela ba shi da gine-ginen da aka gina da tubalin wuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Magnavita |first=Carlos |last2=Adebayo |first2=Olusegun |last3=Höhn |first3=Alexa |last4=Ishaya |first4=Daniel |last5=Kahlheber |first5=Stefanie |last6=Linseele |first6=Veerle |last7=Ogunseyin |first7=Sunday |date=2009 |title=Garu Kime: A Late Borno Fired-Brick Site at Monguno, NE Nigeria |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |journal=African Archaeological Review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=219–246 |doi=10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |issn=1572-9842 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An riƙe Kafela a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar bayan da aka maido da Dunama kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1814. Kafela ta ci gaba da zama mazaunin mai har zuwa 1846, kodayake al-Kanemi da ɗansa Umar Kura (wanda ya yi amfani da salon shehu) a hankali suka fi sarakuna ƙarfi. A shekarar 1846, mai Ali V Minargema ya yi yaƙi da Umar Kura don sake tabbatar da ikon mai amma aka ci shi da yaƙi aka kashe shi. Umar Kura ya lalata Kafela sannan ya karɓi cikakken ikon daular.<ref name=":22" /> [[Kukawa]], mazaunin Umar, ta zama sabuwar babban birnin daular <ref name=":22" /> == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == <references /> bblid4irkga2agqb19a7h6igbbzelb3 891993 891992 2026-08-06T10:18:29Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Birni Kafela''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Kabela''' da '''Jadid''', ita ce babban birnin [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] daga 1813 zuwa 1846.{{Efn|''Birni'' means [[city]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Edwin |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_of_the_Bornu_Or_Kanuri_Language/DCFKAAAAcAAJ |title=Grammar of the Bornu Or Kanuri Language: With Dialogues, Translations, and Vocabulary |last2=Richardson |first2=James |date=1853 |publisher=Harrison & Sons |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Kirk-Greene |first=Anthony Hamilton Millard |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Meaning_of_Place_Names_in_Hausaland/9HQRAQAAMAAJ |title=The Meaning of Place Names in Hausaland |date=1969 |publisher=Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Série B: Sciences humaines |pages=265 |language=en}}</ref>. Muhammad IX Ngileruma ne ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular bayan an lalata tsohon babban birnin, [[Ngazargamu]], a cikin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fula]]. == Tarihi == Tsohon babban birnin Daular Kanem-Bornu, [[Ngazargamu]], [[Fulani]] ne suka lalata shi a 1808. Kodayake mai [[Dunama IX Lefiami]] ya sake ma''''Mayu'''' rushewar a takaice, ba da dadewa ba aka bar su saboda hare-haren Fulani da aka yi a yankin. Dunama ya gudu zuwa gabas amma ya ƙasa yanke shawara kan sabon babban birnin dindindin, a maimakon haka yana motsa kotunsa kowane 'yan watanni.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Brenner |first=Louis |url=https://archive.org/details/shehusofkukawahi0000bren/mode/2up?q=ngala |title=The Shehus of Kukawa: a history of the Al-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu |date=1973 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-821681-0 |pages=30–36, 66, 70}}</ref> Rashin zabar sabon wurin zama na dindindin yana daga cikin dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar manyan ma'aikatan kotu da suka kori Dunama a cikin 1811, <ref name=":22" /> sun ''Mayu'' gurbinsa a matsayin mai tare da kawunsa Muhammad IX Ngileruma. Mas din sun fada cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin tasirin shahararren shugaban soja kuma masanin addini [[Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi]].<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":22" /> A cikin shekarar 1813, Ngileruma ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular na dindindin. Kafela wani lokacin ana kiranta ''Birni Jadid'', ma'ana "sabon Birni" (Birni na baya shine Birni Ngazargamu). Kafela tana kusa da wurin zama na al-Kanemi a Ngurno . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lavers |first=John E. |date=1993 |title=The al-Kanimiyyin Shehus: a working chronology |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2006/docId/1826 |journal=Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs |volume=268 |issue=2 |pages=180 |jstor= }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wataƙila an zaɓi shafin Kafela don amfanin cinikin potash, wanda a al'adance ya ratsa yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=1981 |title=Man and a Lake |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/sfhom_1768-7144_1981_mel_5_1_930 |journal=Publications de la Société française d'histoire des outre-mers |pages=161–178}}</ref> Kafela ita ce mazaunin mai kuma mai yiwuwa kuma mafi yawan aristocracy na daular. Ba kamar Ngazargamu ba, Kafela ba shi da gine-ginen da aka gina da tubalin wuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Magnavita |first=Carlos |last2=Adebayo |first2=Olusegun |last3=Höhn |first3=Alexa |last4=Ishaya |first4=Daniel |last5=Kahlheber |first5=Stefanie |last6=Linseele |first6=Veerle |last7=Ogunseyin |first7=Sunday |date=2009 |title=Garu Kime: A Late Borno Fired-Brick Site at Monguno, NE Nigeria |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |journal=African Archaeological Review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=219–246 |doi=10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |issn=1572-9842 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An riƙe Kafela a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar bayan da aka maido da Dunama kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1814. Kafela ta ci gaba da zama mazaunin mai har zuwa 1846, kodayake al-Kanemi da ɗansa Umar Kura (wanda ya yi amfani da salon shehu) a hankali suka fi sarakuna ƙarfi. A shekarar 1846, mai Ali V Minargema ya yi yaƙi da Umar Kura don sake tabbatar da ikon mai amma aka ci shi da yaƙi aka kashe shi. Umar Kura ya lalata Kafela sannan ya karɓi cikakken ikon daular.<ref name=":22" /> [[Kukawa]], mazaunin Umar, ta zama sabuwar babban birnin daular <ref name=":22" /> == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == <references /> k5cwbc7vicmbbgonozd2esaxenyclv4 891994 891993 2026-08-06T10:19:03Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 891994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Birni Kafela''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Kabela''' da '''Jadid''', ita ce babban birnin [[Daular Kanem-Bornu]] daga 1813 zuwa 1846.{{Efn|''Birni'' means [[city]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Norris |first=Edwin |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Grammar_of_the_Bornu_Or_Kanuri_Language/DCFKAAAAcAAJ |title=Grammar of the Bornu Or Kanuri Language: With Dialogues, Translations, and Vocabulary |last2=Richardson |first2=James |date=1853 |publisher=Harrison & Sons |pages=77 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Kirk-Greene |first=Anthony Hamilton Millard |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Meaning_of_Place_Names_in_Hausaland/9HQRAQAAMAAJ |title=The Meaning of Place Names in Hausaland |date=1969 |publisher=Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Série B: Sciences humaines |pages=265 |language=en}}</ref>. Muhammad IX Ngileruma ne ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular bayan an lalata tsohon babban birnin, [[Ngazargamu]], a cikin [[Jihadin na Fulani|Jihads na Fula]]. == Tarihi == Tsohon babban birnin Daular Kanem-Bornu, [[Ngazargamu]], [[Fulani]] ne suka lalata shi a 1808. Kodayake mai [[Dunama IX Lefiami]] ya sake ma''''Mayu'''' rushewar a takaice, ba da dadewa ba aka bar su saboda hare-haren Fulani da aka yi a yankin. Dunama ya gudu zuwa gabas amma ya ƙasa yanke shawara kan sabon babban birnin dindindin, a maimakon haka yana motsa kotunsa kowane 'yan watanni.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Brenner |first=Louis |url=https://archive.org/details/shehusofkukawahi0000bren/mode/2up?q=ngala |title=The Shehus of Kukawa: a history of the Al-Kanemi dynasty of Bornu |date=1973 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-821681-0 |pages=30–36, 66, 70}}</ref> Rashin zabar sabon wurin zama na dindindin yana daga cikin dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar manyan ma'aikatan kotu da suka kori Dunama a cikin 1811, <ref name=":22" /> sun ''Mayu'' gurbinsa a matsayin mai tare da kawunsa Muhammad IX Ngileruma. Mas din sun fada cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin tasirin shahararren shugaban soja kuma masanin addini [[Muhammad al-Amin al-Kanemi]].<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":22" /> A cikin shekarar 1813, Ngileruma ya kafa Kafela a matsayin sabon babban birnin daular na dindindin. Kafela wani lokacin ana kiranta ''Birni Jadid'', ma'ana "sabon Birni" (Birni na baya shine Birni Ngazargamu). Kafela tana kusa da wurin zama na al-Kanemi a Ngurno . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lavers |first=John E. |date=1993 |title=The al-Kanimiyyin Shehus: a working chronology |url=https://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/year/2006/docId/1826 |journal=Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs |volume=268 |issue=2 |pages=180 |jstor= }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wataƙila an zaɓi shafin Kafela don amfanin cinikin potash, wanda a al'adance ya ratsa yankin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connah |first=Graham |date=1981 |title=Man and a Lake |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/sfhom_1768-7144_1981_mel_5_1_930 |journal=Publications de la Société française d'histoire des outre-mers |pages=161–178}}</ref> Kafela ita ce mazaunin mai kuma mai yiwuwa kuma mafi yawan aristocracy na daular. Ba kamar Ngazargamu ba, Kafela ba shi da gine-ginen da aka gina da tubalin wuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Magnavita |first=Carlos |last2=Adebayo |first2=Olusegun |last3=Höhn |first3=Alexa |last4=Ishaya |first4=Daniel |last5=Kahlheber |first5=Stefanie |last6=Linseele |first6=Veerle |last7=Ogunseyin |first7=Sunday |date=2009 |title=Garu Kime: A Late Borno Fired-Brick Site at Monguno, NE Nigeria |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |journal=African Archaeological Review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=219–246 |doi=10.1007/s10437-009-9058-0 |issn=1572-9842 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An riƙe Kafela a matsayin babban birnin ƙasar bayan da aka maido da Dunama kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1814. Kafela ta ci gaba da zama mazaunin mai har zuwa 1846, kodayake al-Kanemi da ɗansa Umar Kura (wanda ya yi amfani da salon shehu) a hankali suka fi sarakuna ƙarfi. A shekarar 1846, mai Ali V Minargema ya yi yaƙi da Umar Kura don sake tabbatar da ikon mai to amma aka ci shi da yaƙi aka kashe shi. Umar Kura ya lalata Kafela sannan ya karɓi cikakken ikon daular.<ref name=":22" /> [[Kukawa]], mazaunin Umar, ta zama sabuwar babban birnin daular <ref name=":22" /> == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == <references /> qashxc5hjay4uz8kk8rveuw4vypq2b2 0 140736 891874 833211 2026-08-06T05:32:38Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chaudhry and Sons ([[Urdu]]) jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Pakistan na 2022 wanda Abdullah Kadwani da Asad Qureshi suka samar a karkashin tutar 7th Sky Entertainment . Saima Akram Chaudhry ne ya rubuta shi kuma ya ƙunshi Imran Ashraf da Ayeza Khan a cikin manyan matsayi tare da goyon bayan Sohail Ahmed, Irsa Ghazal, Madiha Rizvi, Asma Abbas, Yasir Nawaz, Beenish Chohan, Noor ul Hassan da Shagufta Ijaz. An gabatar da jerin ne a kan Pal Har Geo a matsayin [[Ramadan]] da [[Sallar Idi ƙarama|Eid al-Fitr]] na musamman, suna da abubuwan yau da kullun daga 3 ga Afrilu zuwa 5 ga Mayu 2022. == Hotuna da haruffa == === Hannun hannu === * Sohail Ahmed a matsayin Chaudhry Dildar Ali Hoshiarpuri: Yana zaune a Lahore kuma yana da kasuwancin sufuri wanda yake rabawa tare da Shakir da Tashi.<br /> * Ayeza Khan a matsayin Parisa "Pari" Ahmed: Ita ce jikokin Dildar da ya ɓace (yar yarinyar), wanda ba zai iya wuce jarabawarta ba shekaru da yawa.[b] Ta mallaki wasu tsuntsaye masu soyayya waɗanda ta kira "Chanda" da "Tara". An shirya aurenta da Billu.<br /> * Imran Ashraf a matsayin Bilal "Billu" Chaudhry: Jikan Dildar (ɗan ɗansa), shi ma bai sami BBA ba cikin shekaru huɗu. Yana son yin rap kuma yana da matukar sha'awar [[Emma Watson]] wanda ya yi iƙirarin shi ma dan Burtaniya ne don rufe martani na iyayensa. An shirya aurensa tare da Pari.<br /> === Sauye-sauye === * Irsa Ghazal a matsayin Shugaba Malika Jehan: Kakar mahaifin Pari daga [[Hyderabad]], Sindh, ta kula da Pari da hannu ɗaya kuma a asirce tana son ta sake haɗuwa da iyalin Chaudhry. Tana magana da harshen Urdu da Ingilishi. Babu wanda ya san gaskiyarsu sai dai Shakir da Tashi, kuma ana bi da su a matsayin baƙi daga Hyderabad Deccan a maimakon haka.{{Efn|name=sabbo}}<br /> * Noor ul Hassan a matsayin Shakir Chaudhry: Mahaifin Billu, mahaifinsa Dildar yana ci gaba da yin ba'a game da tsufa da kuma rashin amfani da baƙar fata. Bayan ya gano gaskiyar game da Pari, ya ta'azantar da ita game da zama tare da su kuma ya tabbatar da tallafawa idan wani abu ya saba mata.{{Efn|name=sabbo}}<br /> * Asma Abbas a matsayin Naima "Nimmo": Ita 'yar'uwar Dildar ce (ɗan'uwa) kuma mahaifiyar Billu ce.<br /> * Yasir Nawaz a matsayin Tashfeen "Tashi" Chaudhry: Shi ne ɗan'uwan Nimmo wanda bai yi aure ba wanda har yanzu yana baƙin ciki ga tsohon dan uwansa Sabbo. {{Efn|Additionally, Sabahat "Sabbo" Ali's character is used in the plot. Dildar's daughter, she married outside Chaudhry family without their permission,{{efn|name=inter|Because Chaudhry family have been following inter-family marriage policy. Later, when Pari's truth is revealed to everyone, Dildar, after expressing much anger, is left with no other choice but to forgive Sabbo after which this policy breaks. Billu marries Pari, Tashi marries Paro, and Dildar marries Salma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://galaxylollywood.com/2022/05/06/chaudhry-and-sons-packs-a-punch-with-entertaining-performances|title=Chaudhry And Sons Packs A Punch With Entertaining Performances|date=6 May 2022|access-date=7 May 2022|website=GalaxyLollywood.com|author=Sajeer Shaikh}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} 25 years earlier, and moved to Hyderabad with her husband Ali Muhammad, Malika's son. The couple perished in a train accident after two years, leaving behind their daughter Pari.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.somethinghaute.com/haute-list-5-most-enjoyable-characters-of-chaudhry-and-sons|title=Haute List: 5 most enjoyable characters from Chaudhry and Sons|date=19 April 2022|access-date=7 May 2022|work=Something Haute|author=Syeda Zehra}}</ref>|name=sabbo}}<br /> * Zoya Nasir a matsayin Tooba: Ita ce makwabciyar Billu kuma abokiyar jami'a ta yanzu, wacce ke ƙaunarsa a asirce amma ba za ta iya bayyana shi a bayyane ba. {{Efn|name=inter}}<br /> * Madiha Rizvi a matsayin Sheeba "Shabbo": 'yar uwar Garda (yar'uwarta) da mahaifiyar Bunty, kowa da kowa a gida ya umarce ta da ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin kicin, saboda haka tana son gida daban a maimakon haka, duk da haka, wani lokacin tana dariya yayin tattaunawa mai tsanani. Ta kasance jami'in aji 14 kafin aurenta.<br /> * Saqib Sumeer a matsayin Dokta Sabir Chaudhry: Ɗan'uwan Shakir kuma mijin Shabbo, shi likitan dabbobi ne kuma sau da yawa ana ba'a saboda sana'arsa saboda bai dauki matsayi a kasuwancin gado ba.<br /> * Ashraf Khan a matsayin Ramazan: Shi ne kakan Tooba kuma abokin Dildar na dogon lokaci daga Gujranwala.<br /> * Beenish Chohan a matsayin Mahpara "Paro": kawun Tooba (yar'uwarta) da 'yar Ramazan, tana son Tashi a asirce amma ba za ta iya auren shi ba. {{Efn|name=inter}}<br /> * Humaira Bano a matsayin Zulekha * Hammad Shoaib a matsayin Shoaib "Shobi": Babban aboki na Billu, yana bayan Tooba.<br /> * Raeed Muhammad Alam a matsayin Shahrukh: Makwabcin Pari a Hyderabad, ya bi ta. Ya ziyarci Lahore don aikinsa da kuma yin alkawari, inda ya sadu da Pari. Ba tare da saninsa ba ya fallasa gaskiyar Pari ga dangin Chaudhry. {{Efn|name=inter}}<br /> * Sami Khan a matsayin Baizad "Bunty" Chaudhry: Dan Shabbo, shi ma yana da rauni a karatu kuma sau da yawa yana fada da abokansa. Koyaya, iyayensa suna son ya yi karatu don haka ba zai shiga kasuwancin iyali ba kuma ya yi aiki da kansa, kamar iyayensa.<br /> * Mehboob Sultan * Arif Khan * Shareef Baloch * Anes Alam === Baƙi === * Shagufta Ejaz a matsayin Dokta Salma Hashmi: Ita ce soyayya ta sirri ta Dildar wanda bai iya auren shi ba shekaru 35 da suka gabata. [c]<br /> * Usman Peerzada a matsayin Farfesa Bakht: Malamin Billu a jami'a, shi ne Dildar, Ramazan, kuma abokin Salma wanda ya zama abokin hamayya na shekaru.<br /> * Iftikhar Thakur a matsayin Mukhtar Chaudhry: Dan uwan Dilgar daga Hyderabad Deccan, ya kuma san gaskiyar Pari[b] yayin da yake taimakawa wajen shirya auren Pari da Billu da wuri-wuri saboda rashin lafiyarsa, duk da haka, ya mutu.<br /> == Fitarwa == A watan Janairun 2022, an tabbatar da cewa Ayeza Khan da Imran Ashraf sun haɗu don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na musamman na Ramadan na Geo Entertainment wanda Saima Akram Chaudhry ya rubuta. Halin Ayeza Khan ya fara kusanci Maya Ali da Sana Javed. Daga baya, an bayyana cewa Shagufta Ejaz, Asma Abbas, Ashraf Khan, Yasir Nawaz, Beenish Chohan da Sohail Ahmed; na ƙarshe zai fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin bayan shekaru 8 tun jerin karshe na ''Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi''. DAWN Images ta ruwaito cewa labarin game da dangin desi ne na 'Hanyar Rayuwa ta [[Mutanen Punjabi|Punjabi]]' ta [[Lahore]] da rabuwa da su a Hyderabad, Sindh . == Bayani == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r5ozly5hsgc1m5sqabjakhadzmbkmhb 0 140742 891821 886809 2026-08-06T00:48:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jennifer Finney Boylan''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1958) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, farfesa a Kwalejin Barnard, kuma tsohuwar marubuciya ce mai ba da gudummawa ga jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' . A watan Disamba na 2023, ta zama shugabar PEN America, bayan ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar shugaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2016 |title=Current Board of Trustees |url=https://pen.org/current-board-of-trustees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181438/https://pen.org/current-board-of-trustees/ |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |website=pen.org}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Boylan a Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Haverford, wata makarantar shirye-shiryen kwaleji mai zaman kanta da ke Haverford, Pennsylvania, a shekarar 1976. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Wesleyan a shekarar 1980, sannan ta kammala karatun digirinta a fannin Turanci a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins . <ref name="BarnardProfile">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Boylan &#124; Barnard College |url=https://barnard.edu/profiles/jennifer-boylan |website=barnard.edu }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Boylan tana cikin malaman Kwalejin Colby daga 1988 zuwa 2014. <ref name="GLAAD bio">{{Cite web |title=Professor Jennifer Finney Boylan (Maine) (May 2011 – Present) |url=http://www.glaad.org/about/board/jenniferboylan |access-date=2012-12-26 |publisher=GLAAD}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2014 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan - |url=http://www.wcsh6.com/story/news/local/207/2014/05/27/jennifer-finney-boylan/9645435/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140528215337/http://www.wcsh6.com/story/news/local/207/2014/05/27/jennifer-finney-boylan/9645435/ |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |website=WCSH6}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, an nada ta a matsayin "Farfesa ta Shekara" a Kwalejin Colby. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=http://www.colby.edu/directory/profile/jenny.boylan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701080517/http://www.colby.edu/directory/profile/jenny.boylan/ |archive-date=2014-07-01 |website=colby.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Home Page |url=http://personal.colby.edu/personal/j/jfboylan/author.htm |website=personal.colby.edu}}</ref> Ta koma Barnard a shekara ta 2014, inda ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Turanci da kuma Anna Quindlen Marubuciya a Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Boylan &#124; Barnard English |url=https://english.barnard.edu/profiles/jennifer-boylan |website=english.barnard.edu |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2018-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726041011/https://english.barnard.edu/profiles/jennifer-boylan |url-status=dead }}</ref> Boylan ta rubuta littattafai 19, ciki har da littattafai, tarin gajerun labarai, da kuma tarihin rayuwarta. Littafin tarihin rayuwarta na 2003, ''She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders'', shine littafi na farko da wani Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Amurka ya buga wanda ya zama marubuci a fili. ''The Advocate'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani muhimmin ɓangare na kundin adabi na trans-literature". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=Jenny Boylan's Trans Memoir Chronicles Her 'Boyhood' Through Her Dogs |url=https://www.advocate.com/exclusives/2020/6/16/jenny-boylans-trans-memoir-chronicles-her-boyhood-through-her-dogs |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=www.advocate.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> Littafin tarihin rayuwarta ''Good Boy: My Life in Seven Dogs'' an buga shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2020, ta Celadon Books. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Good Boy – Celadon Books |url=https://celadonbooks.com/portfolio/good-boy/ |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2022, ta buga ''Mad Honey'', wani labari da aka rubuta tare da marubuciya Jodi Picoult, wacce ta fi sayarwa a ''jaridar New York Times'' . Ta kasance Marubuciya Mai Ba da Gudummawa a Ra'ayinta a ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' daga Oktoba 2007 zuwa Afrilu 2022. <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> A shekarar 2013, an zaɓi Boylan a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na GLAAD ta farko a fili wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai canza jinsi. Ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara kan manufofi na kare haƙƙin jinsi a Maryland <ref name="grmd-advisors">{{Cite web |title=Policy Advisory Board |url=http://www.genderrightsmaryland.org/joomla/about-us/policy-advisory-board |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221025232/http://www.genderrightsmaryland.org/joomla/about-us/policy-advisory-board |archive-date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=February 4, 2013 |publisher=[[Gender Rights Maryland]]}}</ref> da kuma kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Kinsey don Bincike kan Jinsi, Jinsi, da Haihuwa. == Rayuwar jama'a == Boylan ya yi magana a harabar jami'o'i da dama, ciki har da Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Columbia, da Barnard. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Professor Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=http://www.glaad.org/about/board/jenniferboylan |publisher=GLAAD}}</ref> Ta bayyana ta kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban don tattauna rayuwarta, littattafanta, da kuma fafutukarta. Ta bayyana a ''shirin The Oprah Winfrey'', ''Larry King Live'', ''The Today Show'', ''48 Hours'', da NPR . <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> Ta bayyana a ranar ''20/20'' a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2015, bayan Caitlyn Jenner ta fito a matsayin trans, kuma ta kan bayyana a allo a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shirin gaskiya na Jenner mai suna ''I Am Cait'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=April 25, 2015 |title=The Reaction to Bruce Jenner is Love |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/25/media/bruce-jenner-transgender-reactions/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=February 20, 2026 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108120700/https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/25/media/bruce-jenner-transgender-reactions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dangane da rubutun daukaka karar, ta sanya hannu kan " Wasika Kan Adalci da Muhawara a Buɗe " wadda ta bayyana a gidan yanar gizon Mujallar Harper a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2020, ciki har da manyan sunaye da yawa, wasu suna da matsayi masu rikitarwa kan jima'i a cikin al'ummar trans, kamar JK Rowling . Bayan gano sunayen sauran waɗanda suka sanya hannu bayan wallafawa, Boylan ta janye sa hannunta. A shirin tambayoyin labarai na NPR '', Jira, Kada Ka Faɗa Mini!,'' Boylan ya sami maki mai kyau lokacin da aka gwada shi game da hot dog . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Boylan yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Zaira da Sean, tare da Deirdre Boylan, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1988. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Named Inaugural Anna Quindlen Writer-in-Residence at Barnard |url=http://barnard.edu/news/jennifer-finney-boylan-named-inaugural-anna-quindlen-writer-residence-barnard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419152431/http://barnard.edu/news/jennifer-finney-boylan-named-inaugural-anna-quindlen-writer-residence-barnard |archive-date=2015-04-19 |access-date=2015-05-04 |website=barnard.edu}}</ref> Boylan mace ce mai canza jinsi, kuma ta fara canzawa a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finney Boylan |first=Jennifer |date=May 11, 2009 |title=Is My Marriage Gay? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12/opinion/12boylan.html?_r=1& |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leung |first=Rebecca |date=23 February 2004 |title=Trapped: Jenny Boylan |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trapped-jenny-boylan/ |website=cbsnews.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta shaida wa shirin ''LGBTQ&amp;amp;A'' cewa, "Wataƙila na kasance mata uku ko huɗu daban-daban a wannan lokacin a rayuwata. Tun farkon sauyi, ina ƙarami sosai. Na damu sosai game da kamannina da kuma kasancewa mai kyau da tufafina. Salon zamani yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni, wucewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. Yin kama da mutum, ina baƙin ciki da na ce, wataƙila ya fi muhimmanci a gare ni fiye da yadda ya kamata... Wannan sirrin rayuwa ne mai ban mamaki, yadda muke ci gaba da zama wasu nau'ikan kanmu." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-20 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Looks Back on Her Infamous Interview With Oprah |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2019/3/20/jennifer-finney-boylan-looks-back-infamous-interview-oprah |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=www.advocate.com |language=en}}</ref> Tana zaune tare da matanta a birnin New York da Belgrade Lakes, Maine . <ref name="auto"/> Shekaru tara bayan ta fara canjin aiki, Boylan ya buga wani rubutu a ''jaridar The New York Times'' yana mai cewa "ni da matata muna ƙaunar juna, kuma haɗin gwiwarmu ta shari'a abu ne mai kyau - a gare mu, ga 'ya'yanmu da kuma al'ummarmu". Boylan tana buga kayan kida na keyboard da kuma zither, kuma tana bayyana yadda take bugawa a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin tarihin rayuwarta. == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == A watan Yunin 2020, don girmama cika shekaru 50 na faretin LGBTQ Pride na farko, ''Queerty'' ta sanya mata suna cikin jarumai hamsin "wadanda suka jagoranci al'umma zuwa ga daidaito, karɓuwa, da mutunci ga dukkan mutane". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2020 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/promos/pride-50-2020/ |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bull |first=Chris |date=2020-07-11 |title=These queer media stars are helping save America from itself |url=https://www.queerty.com/queer-media-stars-helping-save-america-20200711 |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=Queerty}}</ref> An kuma ba Boylan digiri na biyu a fannin digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Colby. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-26 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=https://pen.org/user/jennifer-boylan/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=PEN America |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * ''Tunatar da Ni in Kashe Ka Daga Baya'' (1988) * ''Taurari'' (15 ga Afrilu, 1991) * ''Taurari: Wani Labari'' (8 ga Nuwamba, 1994) * ''Shiga'' (1 ga Satumba, 1998) * Littafin Baƙaƙe: Jerin Littafin Ɗaliban Teenage a ƙarƙashin sunan Jonah Black (2001-2002) * ''Ba Ta Nan: Rayuwa Cikin Jinsi Biyu'' (Yuli 29, 2003) * ''Ina Duban Ka: Girman Da Aka Yi Da Farin Ciki: Abin Tunawa'' (Janairu 15, 2008) * ''Falcon Quinn da Black Mirror'' (11 ga Mayu, 2010) * ''Falcon Quinn da Tururin Crimson'' (10 ga Mayu, 2011) * ''Makale a Tsakiyar Ku: Tunawa da Iyaye a Jinsi Uku'' (Afrilu 30, 2013) * ''Jikkunan Canji, Kankansu Masu Canji: Albarkatu ga Al'ummar Masu Canji'' (10 ga Yuni, 2014) * ''Kai Ne Kai'' (12 ga Mayu, 2015) * ''Falcon Quinn da Masu Zaluntar Greenblud'' (Satumba 16, 2016) * ''Dogon Mayafin Baƙi'' (11 ga Afrilu, 2017) * ''Yaro Mai Kyau: Rayuwata a cikin Kare Bakwai'' (21 ga Afrilu, 2020) * ''Mad Honey'' tare da Jodi Picoult (4 ga Oktoba, 2022) * ''Raba: Maza, Mata, da Sararin da ke Tsakaninmu'' (Fabrairu 4, 2025) === Takaitattun Labarai === * ''Sauyin Jima'i: Takaitaccen Bayani Kan Abubuwan Tunawa da Suka Shafi Maza da Mata'' (Afrilu 12, 2005) * ''Littafin Baba: Makaloli Kan Farin Ciki, Haɗari, da Wulaƙantawar Uba'' (12 ga Mayu, 2009) * ''Soyayya Kalma Ce Mai Haruffa Huɗu: Labarun Gaskiya Game da Rabuwa, Mummunan Dangantaka, da Zuciya Mai Karya'' (28 ga Yuli, 2009) * ''Kyawun Al'ada'' (Oktoba 6, 2009) * ''Yana Ingantawa'' (Maris 22, 2011) * ''Gaskiya da Jarumtaka: Labarai 20 na Karyewar Zuciya da Farin Ciki'' (26 ga Afrilu, 2011) == Duba kuma == * Al'adun LGBT a birnin New York * Jerin mutanen LGBT daga birnin New York * Maris ɗin alfahari na NYC == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gmw7e1yqhp464j5xmtnyawdzbgg4se1 0 141426 891747 797988 2026-08-05T19:34:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Good_Times_(9490851253).jpg|thumb|James Nowlan (dama - tufafi masu duhu tare da hat din bowler) ya girgiza hannu tare da Michael Collins (hagu) a gaban wasan karshe na Leinster na 1921]] '''James Nowlan''' (1862 - Yuni 1924) ya kasance shugaban Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) daga 1901 zuwa 1921 kuma shine shugaban da ya fi dadewa a wannan kungiyar. Ya kuma kasance wakilin Sinn Féin kuma memba na Gaelic League . A shekara ta 2009, an ambaci sunansa a cikin jerin sunayen Sunday Tribune na 125 Mafi Manyan Mutane A Tarihin GAA. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nowlan a Monasterevin, County Kildare a 1862 kuma an jera shi a cikin cocin yankin kamar yadda ake yin baftisma a Cowpasture, Monasterevi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1862. Mahaifinsa, Patrick Nowlan, memba ne na farko na Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) kuma abokin James Stephens . Patrick Nowlan ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa daga garin Kilkenny kuma mai yiwuwa ya ƙaura daga can don yin aiki a Cassidy's Whiskey a Monasterevin. James Nowlan ya kuma horar da shi a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa. <ref name="gaa">{{Cite web |title=GAA History > GAA Presidents |url=http://www.gaa.ie/about-the-gaa/gaa-history/gaa-presidents/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503201547/http://gaa.ie/about-the-gaa/gaa-history/gaa-presidents/ |archive-date=3 May 2012 |access-date=5 January 2015 |publisher=Official GAA Website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1911 |title=Household Return (Form A) - Residents of a house 2 in Troysgate (East) (Kilkenny Urban No. 2, Kilkenny) |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kilkenny/Kilkenny_Urban_No__2/Troysgate__East_/527887/ |publisher=National Archives of Ireland |quote=Listed as: Nowlan James, aged 47, Male, cooper by trade, relation to head of the house hold as Brother, religion listed as Roman Catholic. |access-date=2026-02-24 |archive-date=2022-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803164728/http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Kilkenny/Kilkenny_Urban_No__2/Troysgate__East_/527887/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Nowlan ya kasance memba na ''[[Conradh a Gaeilge]]'', mai goyon bayan rayuwarsa na farfado da [[Harshen Irish]] kuma mai goyon bayan Sinn Féin tun daga kafuwarta a 1905. A shekara ta 1898, an zabe shi a matsayin alderman na Kamfanin Kilkenny . Ya yi amfani da lokacinsa a wannan matsayi don taimakawa wajen inganta GAA, wanda aka kafa shekaru 14 da suka gabata kuma sabon kungiya ne a lokacin. == Mutuwa da gado == Nowlan ya mutu a watan Yunin 1924 a tsakiyar shekarunsa na 70. Nowlan Park, filin wasa na GAA a asalinsa Kilkenny, an sake masa suna don girmama shi shekaru uku bayan haka. An binne shi a makabartar Glasnevin. Babu wani dutse a kan kabarinsa har zuwa 2013 lokacin da GAA ta gina gicciye na Celtic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-18 |title=Irish Press Releases - The Unveiling of the Headstone of Alderman James Nowlan GAA President 1901 to 1921 |url=http://www.press.ie/The-Unveiling-of-the-Headstone-of-Alderman-James-Nowlan-GAA-President-1901-to-1921.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327023106/http://www.press.ie/The-Unveiling-of-the-Headstone-of-Alderman-James-Nowlan-GAA-President-1901-to-1921.htm |archive-date=2014-03-27 |access-date=2013-08-28 |publisher=Press.ie}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2016 GAA ta bayyana sabon kofin da ake kira James Nowlan Cup da za a gabatar da shi ga All-Ireland under-21 hurling champions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2016 |title=New All-Ireland U21HC trophy unveiled |url=https://www.hoganstand.com/article/index/260627 |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=www.hoganstand.com |publisher=Hogan Stand}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] st0kzzb949q3vrygldaexspwyi24hza 0 141642 892085 878012 2026-08-06T11:30:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Karilyn Crockett''' (an haife ta a watan Yuni 1973) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tarihi ce, malamar makaranta, kuma mai tsara al'umma, wacce ke mai da hankali kan ci gaban birane, daidaiton launin fata, da kuma tunawa da al'umma. Crockett, wacce take zaune a [[Boston]], Massachusetts, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara manufofin birane na gida da kuma hulɗar jama'a ta hanyar aikinta na ilimi da kuma rawar da take takawa a gwamnatin birni. An fi saninta da littafinta na ''People Before Highways: Boston Activists, Urban Planners and a New Movement for City Making,'' wanda ke binciko juriyar gine-ginen manyan hanyoyi a Boston a shekarun 1960 da kuma jagorantar Hacking the Archive, wani shiri na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'umma don amfani da kayan tarihi da na tarihi don tsara ayyukan adalci. A shekarar 2024, mujallar Boston ta naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin 150 mafi tasiri a Bostonians. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-22 |title=The 150 Most Influential Bostonians in 2024 |url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/boston-power-list-2024/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Boston Magazine}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Crockett a watan Yunin 1973 kuma ta girma a unguwar Dorchester da ke Boston, Massachusetts. Bayan kammala karatunta na farko, Crockett ta sami digirin farko a fannin Al'adu da Dan Adam daga Jami'ar Yale a shekarar 1995. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a ƙasashen waje, inda ta sami digirin Master of Science a fannin Geography daga Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London . Daga baya ta koma Yale, inda ta sami digirin Master of Arts a fannin Addini da Ɗabi'a daga Makarantar Yale Divinity, da kuma digirin Ph.D. a fannin Nazarin Amirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=In the news: Karilyn Crockett – The Bay State Banner |url=https://baystatebanner.com/2018/08/03/in-the-news-karilyn-crockett/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=baystatebanner.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1995, Crockett ta haɗu ta kafa MYTOWN, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mytown: Youth, Change and History in Boston |url=https://www.thepolisblog.org/2010/06/mytown-youth-change-and-history-in.html |access-date=2025-05-15}}</ref> wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke Boston wadda ke jan hankalin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare a tarihin jama'a . Ta hanyar MYTOWN, ɗalibai sun gudanar da bincike na tarihi kuma sun jagoranci yawon shakatawa a unguwanninsu, suna nuna tarihin baƙar fata da baƙi da aka saba watsi da su a birnin. An yaba wa MYTOWN wajen samar da ayyuka ga matasa sama da 300 a Boston kuma an sanya mata suna "Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun Shirye-shiryen Bil Adama na Matasa goma a Amurka" ta National Endowment for the Humanities . <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston {{!}} Boston.gov |url=https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.boston.gov |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Crockett ta bayyana MYTOWN a matsayin "aikinta na farko da ta yi daga kwaleji" kuma wani ɓangare na aikinta na ƙwararru. == Sana'a == Crockett mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a Sashen Nazarin Birane da Tsare-tsare. Aikinta na ilimi ya binciko mahadar launin fata, yanayin ƙasa, da manufofin jama'a, yana mai da hankali kan yadda tunawa da tarihi zai iya taimaka wa ayyukan tsare-tsare na zamani. Kafin ta zama farfesa a MIT, Crockett ta riƙe manyan mukamai da dama a gwamnatin birnin Boston, ciki har da Daraktan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki da Bincike da kuma Daraktan Ci gaban Ƙananan Kasuwanci. A shekarar 2020, magajin garin Boston Martin J. Walsh ya naɗa Crockett a matsayin Shugaban Daidaito na farko, wani matsayi na matakin majalisar ministoci. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-29 |title=Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston {{!}} Boston.gov |url=https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=www.boston.gov |language=en |archive-date=2025-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319223816/https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston "Dr. Karilyn Crockett appointed as Chief of Equity for the City of Boston | Boston.gov"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214075244/https://www.boston.gov/news/dr-karilyn-crockett-appointed-chief-equity-city-boston |date=2025-12-14 }}. ''www.boston.gov''. 2020-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-15</span></span>.</cite></ref> A matsayinta na Babban Jami'in Daidaito na farko a Boston, Crockett ta mayar da hankali kan haɗa adalci da adalci a cikin ayyukan birni da tsare-tsare. Aikinta ya ta'allaka ne kan gina tsare-tsaren manufofi na dogon lokaci waɗanda ke magance rashin daidaito na tsarin. Ta yi murabus daga muƙamin bayan ƙasa da shekara guda, inda wasu ke hasashen cewa za ta tsaya takarar magajin gari don maye gurbin Walsh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-04 |title=Boston Equity Chief Karilyn Crockett Resigns |url=https://www.wgbh.org/news/politics/2021-03-03/boston-equity-chief-karilyn-crockett-resigns |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=GBH |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Crockett ta buga littafin ''People Before Highways: Boston Activist, Urban Planners, and a New Movement for City Making'' tare da Jami'ar Massachusetts Press . Littafin ya ba da labarin adawar jama'a ga shirin fadada manyan hanyoyi a Boston a shekarun 1960. Yana nuna kokarin masu fafutukar unguwa, Crockett ya yi bayani dalla-dalla kan yadda talakawa 'yan kasa ke kalubalantar shirye-shiryen sabunta birane daga sama zuwa sama da kuma sake fasalin muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi ci gaban birnin. Laburaren Jama'a na Boston ya sanya wa littafin suna daya daga cikin "Littattafai Goma Mafi Kyau Game da Boston na shekarun 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Boston Books of the 2010s |url=https://bpl.bibliocommons.com/v2/list/display/587282867/1534376779 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Boston Public Library |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == An ba Crockett kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama saboda kyawunta a fannin bincike da tsara al'umma. Kyaututtukanta sun haɗa da: * Kyautar Paul Gray don Ayyukan Jama'a, Cibiyar Hidima ta Jama'a ta MIT Priscilla King Gray, 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=🎉Congratulations to Dr. Karilyn Crockett, the recipient of the Paul Gray… {{!}} MIT Priscilla King Gray Public Service Center (PKG Center) {{!}} 37 comments |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/pkg-psc_congratulations-to-dr-karilyn-crockett-activity-7326621991887675393-SXkR |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> * Mata Baƙaƙe Masu Jagoranci, Babban Titina Babban Shirin Mata Baƙaƙe Masu Jagoranci, 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women Lead |url=https://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=Greater Grove Hall Main Streets |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516191601/https://www.greatergrovehall.org/black-women-lead/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar William Sloane Coffin '56 don Zaman Lafiya da Adalci, Makarantar Allahntaka ta Yale, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Karilyn Crockett '95 B.A. '06 M.A.R. '13 Ph.D. {{!}} Yale Divinity School |url=https://divinity.yale.edu/alumni/alumni-awards/award-recipients/prof-karilyn-crockett-95-ba-06-mar-13-phd |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=divinity.yale.edu |archive-date=2025-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250326140719/https://divinity.yale.edu/alumni/alumni-awards/award-recipients/prof-karilyn-crockett-95-ba-06-mar-13-phd |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Jami'in Gwamnati na Addini da Rayuwar Jama'a, Makarantar Allahntaka ta Harvard, 2021-2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=Government Fellow 2021-22 {{!}} Religion and Public Life |url=https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/news/2022/04/government-fellow-2021-22 |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=rpl.hds.harvard.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610154655/https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/news/2022/04/government-fellow-2021-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar Takalmin Zinare na Walk Massachusetts, Walk Massachusetts, 2003 == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] n4vgsp6g5jit7t55yaobidmlj3es41z 0 141962 891859 801544 2026-08-06T05:24:52Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mintha_Theater_2.webm|thumb| A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mintha ( Mandalay ) wani babban malami na Makarantar Fasaha ta Inwa ya nuna motsin hannu na gargajiya.]] [[Fayil:Burmese_village_ballet.jpg|thumb|Rawar ƙungiyar ƙauye a farkon shekarun 1900]] [[Fayil:Burmese_traditional_dance.jpg|thumb|Wasan rawa na gargajiya a Karaweik da ke Yangon]] '''Rawa a Burma''' (tun daga shekarar 1989 da aka fi sani da [[Myanmar]] ) za a iya raba ta zuwa raye-raye masu ban mamaki, na gargajiya da na ƙauye, da kuma na nat, kowannensu yana da halaye daban-daban. Duk da cewa rawa ta Burma ta yi kama da salon rawa na gargajiya na maƙwabtanta, musamman Thailand, tana riƙe da halaye na musamman waɗanda suka bambanta ta da sauran salon yanki, gami da motsi mai kusurwa, mai sauri da kuzari da kuma mai da hankali kan matsayi, ba motsi ba. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Burmese_puppetry.jpg|thumb|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ( {{Lang|my|အမြင့်သဘင်}} ) shine abin da ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin rawa ta gargajiya ta Burma, waɗanda motsinsu yake kama da 'yan tsana.]] Asalin rawar Burma an samo shi ne daga al'adun Pyu, [[Halin people|Halin]], da Mon a yankunan tsakiya da ƙananan Irrawaddy tun daga aƙalla ƙarni biyu kafin zamanin Kiristanci . Shaidun kayan tarihi sun nuna tasirin Indiya a cikin wannan. Akwai kuma tasirin al'adun Thai da Khmer a lokacin mamaya da yawa da mamayewa da suka faru a cikin shekaru dubu biyu masu zuwa. <ref name="dgehall2" /> Akwai wani ingantaccen tsari na rawa, kamar Yama Zatdaw (sigar Burma ta Ramayana) a cikin 1767, lokacin da Burma ta kori Ayutthaya ( {{Lang|my|ယိုးဒယား}} ) kuma ya kwace wani babban ɓangare na kotun Thailand. <ref name="dgehall2" /> Wasu daga cikin halittun da suka tsira (ciki har da raye-rayen belu, nat gadaw da zawgyi) suna girmama haruffan tatsuniyoyi waɗanda suka kasance na Burmese, wasu daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga zamanin kafin Buddha. Akwai kuma dangantaka ta kud da kud tsakanin nau'ikan rawa na Burmese na gargajiya da kuma rawar ɗan adam, inda na farko a bayyane yake yana kwaikwayon rawar ɗan adam, amma kuma da rawar ɗan adam yana kwaikwayon motsin rawa na marionette. Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekarar 1948, akwai lokacin ƙaƙƙarfan [[Kishin ƙasa|ƙabilar]] al'adun Burma wanda ya haifar da kafa Makarantar Kiɗa ta Jiha a Mandalay a shekarar 1953. An yaba wa wata fitacciyar mai rawa ta wannan lokacin, Oba Thaung, wajen tsara kundin waƙoƙin Burma da ba su da takardu. An tattara manhajar karatunta a makarantar zuwa darussa biyar na rawa da aka tsara a matsayin zangon karatu na shekaru biyar. Kowanne daga cikin darussa biyar an raba shi zuwa jerin rawa da ya ƙunshi jimillar matakai 125, kowanne mataki kuma tsawonsa ya kai mintuna goma daidai. == Horarwa == Makarantar Inwa ta Fasaha da ke Mandalay wata makarantar sakandare ce ta al'adu a Mandalay wadda ke shirya matasa masu fasaha don yin rawa da kiɗan gargajiya na Myanmar bisa ga ƙa'idodin ƙwararru. <ref name="inwaschool">{{Cite web |title=The Inwa School for Performing Arts |url=http://www.artsmandalay.org/inwa-school.html |access-date=15 January 2023 |archive-date=26 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126172538/http://www.artsmandalay.org/inwa-school.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rawar Bagan == Wannan rawa ta samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Pyu (ƙarni na 5-10). An yi amfani da ƙananan kayan kida masu sauƙi kuma salon rawa yana da jinkiri da kwanciyar hankali. Kayan da masu rawa suka saka, kamar yadda aka nuna a zane-zanen bango, ƙanana ne kuma suna bayyana abubuwa. == Bilu rawa == Bilus (aljanu ko ogres) tsoffin haruffa ne, waɗanda ake kyautata zaton sun samo asali ne daga wata al'umma ta almara da ta yi yawo a Indiya da Burma kimanin shekara ta 2000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa. Littattafan addinin Buddha sun bayyana su a matsayin na asali kuma wasu kabilu suna jin tsoronsu. A cikin adabi, an bayyana Belus a matsayin mai ikon canza yanayin rayuwa —ikon ɗaukar kamanni daban-daban na zahiri. Akwai nau'ikan aljanu iri-iri guda 24, kowannensu yana da sunansa da rawar da yake takawa a cikin labarai da wasannin kwaikwayo. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun shine Dasagiri, aljani a cikin tarihin Ramayana na Indiya. A kowace siffarsa, Belus yana nuna Shaiɗan. Yana da ban tsoro, mai girman kai da kuma mugunta a dabi'ance. Amma yana da gefen laushi. A cikin rawa na yau da kullun, Dasa-Giri yakan ba da furanni ga wata yarinya mai kyau. Matar da ba ta iya yin watsi da gefen dabbar ba kuma ta ƙi kyautarsa mai ƙauna. Aljanin sai ya nuna baƙin cikinsa game da ƙin amincewa. == Rawar Kinnara da Kinnari == [[Fayil:Shan_peacock_dance.jpg|thumb|Shan kinnara dan kinnari rawa]] Akwai nassoshi da yawa a cikin adabin Pali da Sanskrit game da tsuntsayen tatsuniyoyi masu kai da gangar jikin ɗan adam, Kinnara (namiji) da Kinnari (mace). A cewar adabin, tsuntsayen sun samo asali ne daga Indiya ta tarihi. Suna bayyana a cikin wasu jawaban Buddha da kansa. A Burma, ana samun hotunan salon rawa na [[Tsuntsu]] da aka zana da sassaka a bango a Bagan da kuma (har ma a da) daga [[Pyu kingdom|masarautun Pyu]] . Waƙoƙin da raye-rayen sun bayyana farin cikin sake haɗuwar Tsuntsu bayan rabuwar dare 700 sakamakon ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da ambaliyar ruwa. Rawar ta shahara a matsayin alamar soyayya ta gaskiya kuma tana da tarihi mai daɗaɗɗe wanda ƙungiyoyin rawa na Burma ke kiyayewa. Masu rawa suna sanye da fikafikai masu kaɗawa a wuyan hannunsu, sabanin fikafikai a hammatarsu, kamar yadda yake a al'adar Thailand da sauran ƙasashen Asiya . Rawar motsin tsuntsaye tana da laushi da kyau, kuma tana da tsari mai kyau tare da waƙoƙin da ke tare da ita. == Rawar ruhohin tsaro na Dutsen Popa == A cewar tatsuniyar mutanen Burma (amma wataƙila bisa ga bayanan tarihi), Me Wunna, kyakkyawar gimbiya 'yar'uwar sarkin Thaton ce a ƙasar Burma . Ta rabu da ɗan'uwanta, ta ƙi yin aure da wani ɗan sarki kuma ta zauna a gudun hijira ita kaɗai a cikin dazuzzukan Dutsen Popa . A matsayinta na mai bin addinin Buddha mai ibada, ta guji cin nama kuma tana rayuwa ne kawai akan furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Galibi tana sanya abin rufe fuska na aljani don tsoratar da maƙiya da abokai. Don haka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin aljani mai cin furanni. Daga baya ta kamu da son wani mai aika kayan sarauta mai kyawawan jiki, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu masu hazaka tare da shi. Abin takaici, an kashe mijinta saboda rashin ɗaukar furanni daga dutsen. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ''mutum'' mai hazaka. 'Ya'yan Me Wunna guda biyu, lokacin da suka girma, sun zama jarumai masu daraja a cikin Rundunar Sojan Sama. Abin takaici, sun faɗa cikin wani makirci, an kashe su saboda yin ƙarya, kuma suka rikide suka zama shahararrun Ruhohi guda biyu, "Brother Nats" na [[Taungbyone]] . Amma ba ƙarshen lamarin ba ne. Mummunan labarin mutuwar 'ya'yanta ba da daɗewa ba ya sa Me Wunna ta mutu cikin baƙin ciki. Don haka ta zama 'yar ''ƙasa'' kuma ta kasance a cikin Dutsen Popa, inda ta zama "Mai Girma" ga babban iko a cikin Masarautar Nats. Mai rawa, sanye da kayan sarauta na launin kore, tana kwaikwayon Ruhu. A kanta akwai abin rufe fuska na aljani. A hannunta, tana riƙe da wutsiyar dawisu guda biyu, alamar rana, don korar Duhu (mugun abu). Tana rawa a matsayin wata alama da alheri da dabara. == Rawar Nat == [[Fayil:Nat_pwe_in_Amarapura.jpg|thumb|Rawar nat gadaw (maganin sihiri) a Amarapura]] A Burma, al'ada ce a yi ba da kyautar kwakwa mai kore, hannaye uku na ayaba, da wasu kayan haɗi, ga Mai Kula da Ruhun Ƙasa ( nat ) kafin wani muhimmin taro kamar bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa. Wannan kwantar da hankalin Ruhu yawanci ana yi ne ta hanyar ƙwararren Ma'aikacin Ruhu (Nakadaw). Sau da yawa ana sanya wa mai rawan riga ja, gami da jan madauri, da kuma a kirji, da kuma mayafin ja mai ɗaure da aka ɗaure. Da kayan da aka miƙa a kan tire, ita ko shi suna rawa don farantawa juna rai kuma suna maimaita jerin waƙoƙin sau uku. Yayin da take rawa matsakaiciya, tana rera waƙoƙin al'ada ga Ruhohin Ƙasa guda 37 (Spirits) da kuma Nat na Gida. A farkon rawa, rawa tana da laushi kuma tana da tarihi na kiɗa. Bayan umarnin baki, mai rawa yana ƙara ƙarfin waƙar. Yayin da matsakaici ke umurtar ruhohi, motsin da kiɗan sun kai ga wani yanayi mai ban mamaki. == Rawar fitilar mai == A cikin rawar fitilar mai ( {{Lang|my|ဆီမီးကွက်အက}} ), fitilar mai ta gargajiya da aka bayar ga Buddha ita ce lagwanin auduga mai haske wanda aka jiƙa a cikin tukunyar ƙasa mai cike da mai shine babban abin rawa. Kyandir mai haske yanzu yawanci yana maye gurbinsa. Mutanen Rakhine na yammacin Burma suna haɗa rawan fitilar mai a cikin yawancin raye-rayen gargajiya, galibi na ibada, ga Buddha. Hannun mai wasan kwaikwayo koyaushe suna kan juye (don riƙe mai). Dattawan da suka tuna suna yin wasa da fitilun gargajiya sun ce sirrin shine kada a bar fitilar ta faɗi yayin da, a lokaci guda, tana bayyana takamaiman maganganu tare da halaye daban-daban na hannu da ƙafafu. "Kusan jaraba ce," in ji su. == Rawannin Ramayana == A shekara ta 1767, Sarki Hsinbyushin na daular Konbaung ya dawo da fursunonin Siamese zuwa Inwa (Ava), babban birnin masarautar. Daga cikin fursunonin akwai masu rawa a kotun Siamese waɗanda suka yi rawa a Ramayana ( Yama Zatdaw ) sanye da abin rufe fuska. A cikin wannan almara, Rama ita ce jarumi kuma babban hali, Sita ita ce jaruma, kuma Dasa-Giri ita ce mugu aljani. A wani ɓangare na al'ada, Rama ta shagaltu da Zinare Deer, wanda siffa ce ta 'yar'uwar aljani ta Dathagiri (Ravana) ta aljani. Dathagiri da kansa ya canza siffarsa a matsayin Wawa. Daga nan sai aka ga Rama yana bin sawun Barewa mai ban sha'awa sosai. Barewa ta bar wasu alamu a matsayin hanya. == U Min Gyaw dance == [[U Min Gyaw]], wanda aka fi sani da [[Pakhan Kyaw]], sanannen mutum ne na Burmese ''nat'' (ruhi). Akwai nau'ikan tarihin rayuwarsa daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine, kasancewarsa ƙwararren mai doki kuma ɗan wani amintaccen mai kula da sarki; an ba shi lambar yabo ta sarauta kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta garin Pakhan da ke tsakiyar Burma. Duk da haka, da zarar ya hau mulki, ya shagala da shan giya, caca (musamman faɗan zakara ), da kuma yin mata. Daga ƙarshe ya sami ƙarfin halin sauke sarki da sauran mutane, ciki har da ƙanne biyu matasa, 'ya'yan wani babban mutum. Waɗannan 'yan'uwa biyu sun shahara ''a matsayin'' 'yan ƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da yin ayyukan mugunta na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, a farkon aikinsu, 'yan'uwan biyu sun yi amfani da sabbin ikonsu don biyan Count ɗin da kuɗinsa, wanda ya haifar da kisan gillar Count da dawowarsa a matsayin Nat U Min Gyaw. Idan ya ɗauki siffar ɗan adam, U Mingyaw yana shan ruwan toddy, ruwan 'ya'yan itacen palmyra (wanda aka fi sani da " toddy dabino "). Abincin da ya fi so, wanda aka haɗa da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, shine kaza ko kaza da aka soya. Saboda haka, mafi kyawun maganin tsarkakewa ana tsammanin shine tukunyar toddy da kaza da aka soya. Masu shigar da ƙara sun yi imanin cewa U Min Gyaw zai cika duk wata buƙata da aka yi masa a lokacin da yake cikin hayyacinsa, kodayake yawanci yana tsammanin kwamiti. A wani wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun, Medium ya jawo hankalin U Min Gyaw ta hanyar ba shi kwalban giya a hannu ɗaya da kuma kaza da aka soya a ɗayan hannun. Mai rawa yana kwaikwayon salon maye na Ruhu. == U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe suna rawa == [[File:Shwe&moe.JPG|thumb|U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe suna rawa a Los Angeles, 2007]] Maimakon wannan rawa ta gargajiya, wannan rawa misali ce ta fasahar gargajiya ta Burma ta zamani. Rawar ta bayyana ne daga al'adar nishadantar da jama'a, musamman masu sa kai da ke shiga Ranar Tuta ko kuma ayyukan agaji na al'umma. Manufarta ita ce a zaburar da mutane su bayar da gudummawa da kuma yin ayyukan alheri don inganta rayuwa ta gaba. Sunayen U Shwe Yoe da Daw Moe ƙagaggun labarai ne (ba na cikin kowane rubutu na gargajiya ba) kuma an zaɓe su ne saboda tasirinsu na waƙa. Babu wata waƙa da aka kafa don rawa. Madadin haka ƙungiyar makaɗa tana yin kowace waƙa mai rai, ko kuma ana amfani da waƙoƙin da aka yi rikodi a wasu lokutan. 'Yan ƙasa masu sha'awa waɗanda ba su da horo na rawa na yau da kullun galibi suna yin rawar. Matsayin su ne Old Bachelor ( U Shwe Yoe ) da Spinster (Daw Moe), na biyun wanda ko dai ɗan rawa namiji ko mace ke taka rawa. An tsara wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai kuma an tsara shi don bai wa masu sauraro mafi kyawun magani. Kayan suturar suna da ban mamaki kuma suna da ban sha'awa, tare da abubuwan da ba makawa na gashin baki na U Shwe Yoe (wanda aka yi wa ado da kansa) da kuma laima mai jujjuyawa ta Pathein . Cikin barkwanci, ya nuna ƙaunarsa kuma ya yi wa Daw Moe wasa, yayin da ita kuma ta mayar da martani cikin hikima da fasaha. Masu sauraro, galibi yara da tsofaffi, sun yi tafawa da ƙarfi suna ƙarfafa Shwe Yoe dagewarsa. == Rawar ƙungiyar ''Yein'' == '''''Yein''''' wani nau'i ne na rawa ta rukuni wanda ke nuna 'yan rawa da yawa suna rawa tare kuma suna motsa kawunansu, kugunsu, ƙafafunsu, da hannayensu zuwa ga bugun kiɗa, wanda ƙungiyar makaɗa ta gargajiya ta Burma da ake kira hsaing waing ko [[Ganga|ganguna ke yi]] . Ƙungiyoyin mawaka galibi suna yin ta a lokacin Thingyan . == Zat pwe duet dance == Ana kiran wasannin kwaikwayo na dare-dare, waɗanda suka haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na melodrama, slapstick, rawa na gargajiya, har ma da wakokin pop "zat pwe" a Burma. Waɗannan wasannin yanayi ana shirya su ne a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na bamboo na wucin gadi kuma galibi wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan tara kuɗi na shekara-shekara a bukukuwan pagoda . Masu wasan kwaikwayo ƙungiyoyi ne na tafiya, yawanci ƙwararrun 'yan rawa maza da mata, mawaƙa, masu barkwanci, da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna yawo ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Rawar Duet, wani ɓangare na yau da kullun na Zat Pwe, yawanci yana farawa kusan ƙarfe 2 ko 3 na safe, kuma yana ɗaukar kimanin awanni biyu. Gabaɗaya manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo suna rawa tare da manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Mazan suna rawa a wani wuri, galibi suna da abubuwa masu ƙarfi da ƙirƙira. Maza da mata suna rawa a cikin waƙoƙin duet kuma suna musayar alƙawarin masoya. Sau da yawa akwai wani fanni na gasa don ganin wanda a cikin ƙungiyar zai iya samun tagomashin mafi ƙarfi. A duk wannan, ƙungiyar makaɗa dole ne ta daidaita da abin da ke faruwa a kan dandamali. Idan aka yi shi da ƙwarewa, wannan rawa na iya haifar da suna a ƙasa ga ƙungiyar. == Rawar Zawgyi == Zawgyi mutum ne mai hazaka a fannin ilmin alchemy na ƙasar Burma. Ana cewa ya sami ƙwarewarsa ta hanyar sihiri . Yana zaune a cikin dazuzzuka masu kauri kusa da [[Himalaya]] inda yake kiwon ganyaye don dalilai na sihiri. Bayan ya yi shekaru da yawa yana neman dutse na Falsafa kuma ta haka ya sami matsayin Zawgyi. Wani lokaci, da taɓa sandar sihirinsa yana haifar da "mace-mace marasa ma'ana" daga bishiyoyi masu ɗauke da 'ya'yan itace masu siffar mace don cika burinsa na jiki. Rawar ta nuna Zawgyi yana yawo a daji, yana yawo da sandarsa, yana niƙa [[ganye]] da kuma caca cikin farin ciki bayan ya sami Dutse. == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery widths="180"> Fayil:Burma_Dance.JPG|alt=Young students perform traditional Burmese Dance during opening ceremony of Thingyan Water Festival at Mandalay City Hall in Mandalay, Myanmar on 12 April 2012.| Ɗalibai matasa suna rawa a lokacin bikin buɗe bikin ruwa na Thingyan a Mandalay City Hall da ke Mandalay, Myanmar a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2012. Fayil:Yangon_Thingyan_2011.jpeg|alt=Burmese girls perform traditional dance during closing ceremony of Myanmar New Year Water Festival 2011 in Yangon, Myanmar on 16 April 2011.| 'Yan matan Burma suna rawa ta gargajiya a lokacin bikin rufe bikin ruwa na Sabuwar Shekara ta Myanmar na 2011 a Yangon, Myanmar a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2011. Fayil:Mandalay_Thingyan_Rehearsal_2012.JPG|alt=Young students wear Burmese dress and perform traditional dance during rehearsal for the opening ceremony of Mandalay City Hall Thingyan Water Festival 2012 in Mandalay, Myanmar on 10 April 2012.| Matasan ɗalibai suna sanye da kayan Burma kuma suna yin rawa ta gargajiya yayin gwaji don bikin buɗe bikin ruwa na Mandalay City Hall na Thingyan Water Festival na 2012 a Mandalay, Myanmar a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012. Fayil:Bodleian_Ms._Burm._a._5_fol070-3.jpg|alt=Dancer on a cart with musicians: 19th century watercolour| Mai rawa a kan keken hawa tare da mawaƙa: ruwan ruwa na ƙarni na 19 </gallery> == Duba kuma == * Al'adun Myanmar == Manazarta i == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9bfyt5yex0mi0c3qgjdjurer7q609zn 0 144166 891843 806144 2026-08-06T04:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jillian Fiona Banfield''' FRS FAA (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1959) farfesa ce a Jami'ar California, Berkeley tare da alƙawura a cikin Sashen Kimiyya na Duniya, Kimiyya da Kayan Kayan Kimiyyar Kayan Kyan Kayan Kinan Kayan Kunan Kayan Kudancin Kayan Karancin Kayan.<ref name="frs">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2018 |title=Professor Jillian Banfield FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/jillian-banfield-13797/ |website=royalsociety.org |publisher=[[Royal Society]]}} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{Blockquote|All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]." --{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/|title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies|date=2016-11-11}}}}</ref> Ita ce darakta na microbiology a Cibiyar Innovative Genomics, tana da alaƙa da Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kuma tana da matsayi a Jami'ar Melbourne, Australia . <ref name="frs" /> Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta da aka fi sani sun haɗa da wallafe-wallafe game da tsari da aiki na al'ummomin microbial da yanayi, kaddarorin da kuma amsawa (musamman ci gaban lu'ulu'u) na nanomaterials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jill F. Banfield |url=http://eps.berkeley.edu/people/jill-f-banfield |website=Earth and Planetary Science}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jillian BANFIELD |url=https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/jill-banfield |website=Our Environment at Berkeley}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Screen_Shot_2015-12-05_at_7.14.14_AM_(1).png|right|thumb|Banfield a bikin Franklin Award tare da mijinta Peregrine (Perry) Smith a watan Afrilun 2011]] Banfield ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya inda ta kammala digiri na farko da digiri na biyu (1978-1985) dukansu suna nazarin yanayin dutse. Ta danganta sha'awarta ta farko a cikin ilimin halittu ga Dokta Tony Eggleton wanda ya ja hankalinta ga matakai a saman duniya, yanayin ma'adinai da regolith.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-10 |title=News Interview: Professor Jillian Banfield, Armidale-born international award recipient |url=http://blogs.abc.net.au/nsw/2010/11/news-interview-professor-jillian-banfield-armidale-born-international-award-recipient.html?site=sydney&program=new_england_news |access-date=2017-03-15 |website=ABC Sydney |language=en-AU}}</ref> Banfield ta kammala karatu tare da PhD a fannin Kimiyya ta Duniya da Duniya daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins don nazarin microscopy na lantarki mai zurfi (HRTEM) na halayen metamorphic wanda David R. Veblen ke kula da shi.<ref name="CVberkeley">{{Cite web |title=Jill F. Banfield {{!}} Curriculum Vitae |url=http://eps.berkeley.edu/people/jill-f-banfield#field-sub-pages-tab-3 |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=eps.berkeley.edu}}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == Banfield masanin kimiyya ne na duniya wanda ke nazarin tsarin, aiki da bambancin al'ummomin microbial a cikin yanayin halitta da microbiome na mutum.<ref name="frs"/> Banfield ya kasance dalibi ne na Fulbright a fannin kiwon lafiya daga Jami'ar Kasa ta Australia zuwa [https://www.jhu.edu/ Jami'ar Johns Hopkins] a shekarar 1988, <ref>{{Cite web |title=MacArthur Fellowship Recipients |url=https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/macarthur-fellowship-recipients |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250202031305/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/macarthur-fellowship-recipients |archive-date=2 February 2025 |access-date=2018-10-08 |website=eca.state.gov |language=en}}</ref> kuma [https://www.macfound.org/programs/fellows/strategy/ Mac Arthur Fellow] a shekarar 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Class of 1999 – MacArthur Foundation |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/july-1999/ |access-date=2018-10-08 |website=macfound.org |language=en |archive-date=2018-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005222303/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/july-1999/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison daga 1990 zuwa 2001 da Jami'ar Tokyo (1996-1998). <ref name="CVberkeley"/> Tun daga shekara ta 2001, ta kasance mai bincike kuma farfesa a Jami'ar California Berkeley [1] inda take jagorantar shirin ilimin halittu kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . Binciken da ta yi a shekarar 2021 ya kunshi wuraren da ke Arewacin California zuwa Ostiraliya kuma ya rufe batutuwa a tsakiya na microbiology da geosciences, gami da metagenomics da aka warware a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ci gaban kayan aikin gyaran kwayoyin halitta (genome editing tool), astrobiology da kama carbon na microbial.[2][3] A shekara ta 2006, Banfield ya karfafa Jennifer Doudna don nazarin CRISPR bayan ya gano jerin abubuwan da suka bazu kuma suna ci gaba da sauri a cikin kwayoyin halitta. (Doudna ta ci gaba da karɓar [[Kyautar Nobel]] saboda sakamakon fasahar injiniyan kwayar halitta ta CRISPR). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Doudna |first=Jennifer |title=Unravelling CRISPR In The Café |url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/unravelling-crispr-in-the-cafe/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Science Friday |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Banfield ta zama mace ta farko da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Leeuwenhoek daga Royal Dutch Society for Microbiology, lambar yabo da aka ba da kusan kowace shekara 10 tun daga 1875 don girmama masana kimiyya waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga kimiyya, al'umma da kuma fadadawa a fagen microbiology.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Microbiologie |first=Koninklijke Nederlandse Vereniging voor |title=van Leeuwenhoek Medal 2023 |url=https://www.knvm.org/activities/awards-and-grants/van-leeuwenhoek-medal/van-leeuwenhoek-medal-2023 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=KNVM |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Metagenomics da aka warware a cikin kwayoyin halitta === Banfield ya jagoranci ci gaba da aikace-aikacen metagenomics da aka warware a cikin kwayoyin halitta, dabara da ke ba da damar sake gina kwayoyin halitta daga al'ummomin microbial masu rikitarwa ba tare da buƙatar noma ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tyson |first=Gene W. |last2=Chapman |first2=Jarrod |last3=Hugenholtz |first3=Philip |last4=Allen |first4=Eric E. |last5=Ram |first5=Rachna J. |last6=Richardson |first6=Paul M. |last7=Solovyev |first7=Victor V. |last8=Rubin |first8=Edward M. |last9=Rokhsar |first9=Daniel S. |last10=Banfield |first10=Jillian F. |date=March 2004 |title=Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature02340 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=428 |issue=6978 |pages=37–43 |doi=10.1038/nature02340 |issn=1476-4687 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bowers |first=Robert M. |last2=Kyrpides |first2=Nikos C. |last3=Stepanauskas |first3=Ramunas |last4=Harmon-Smith |first4=Miranda |last5=Doud |first5=Devin |last6=Reddy |first6=T. B. K. |last7=Schulz |first7=Frederik |last8=Jarett |first8=Jessica |last9=Rivers |first9=Adam R. |last10=Eloe-Fadrosh |first10=Emiley A. |last11=Tringe |first11=Susannah G. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Natalia N. |last13=Copeland |first13=Alex |last14=Clum |first14=Alicia |last15=Becraft |first15=Eric D. |date=August 2017 |title=Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea |journal=Nature Biotechnology |language=en |volume=35 |issue=8 |pages=725–731 |doi=10.1038/nbt.3893 |issn=1546-1696 |pmc=6436528 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Wannan tsarin ya fadada fahimtarmu game da bambancin microbial da juyin halitta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Delong |first=Edward F. |date=March 2004 |title=Reconstructing the wild types |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/428025a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=428 |issue=6978 |pages=25–26 |doi=10.1038/428025a |issn=1476-4687 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Itacen Rayuwa fadada === Ta hanyar aikinta a cikin genomics, ƙungiyar bincike ta Banfield ta ba da haske game da asalin ƙwayoyin cuta da archaeal da ba a sani ba a baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hug |first=Laura A. |last2=Baker |first2=Brett J. |last3=Anantharaman |first3=Karthik |last4=Brown |first4=Christopher T. |last5=Probst |first5=Alexander J. |last6=Castelle |first6=Cindy J. |last7=Butterfield |first7=Cristina N. |last8=Hernsdorf |first8=Alex W. |last9=Amano |first9=Yuki |last10=Ise |first10=Kotaro |last11=Suzuki |first11=Yohey |last12=Dudek |first12=Natasha |last13=Relman |first13=David A. |last14=Finstad |first14=Kari M. |last15=Amundson |first15=Ronald |date=2016-04-11 |title=A new view of the tree of life |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol201648 |journal=Nature Microbiology |language=en |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.48 |issn=2058-5276}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da sake dubawa da fadada Itacen Rayuwa, ƙara dukkan sabbin rassan da aka sani da Candidate Phyla Radiation, sake fasalin fahimtarmu game da juyin halitta: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spang |first=Anja |last2=Ettema |first2=Thijs J. G. |date=2016-04-26 |title=Microbial diversity: The tree of life comes of age |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nmicrobiol201656 |journal=Nature Microbiology |language=en |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.56 |issn=2058-5276 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yong |first=Ed |date=2016-04-12 |title=The Tree of Life Just Got a Lot Weirder |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/04/the-tree-of-life-just-got-a-lot-weirder/477729/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] nhqxh5jnekbg49uvov4s4y04cjxcmt3 0 145571 891787 810067 2026-08-05T22:16:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jane Wanjūki Njirū 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliyar mata na gundumar Embu (2017-2022) kuma memba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa mai mulki, jam'iyyar jubilee ta Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Njiru, Jane Wanjuki {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3413 |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=embu-admin |title=About Embu County |url=https://www.embu.go.ke/about-embu-county/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327233109/https://www.embu.go.ke/about-embu-county/ |archive-date=2020-03-27 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=Embu County Government |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi takara kuma ta lashe kujerar wakilcin mata ta Embu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elected officials: Governors, Senate & Woman Rep » Capital News |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/kenya-gazette-on-elected-officials/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Capital News |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403030037/https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/kenya-gazette-on-elected-officials/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Analysis by the Sweden-embassy |url=https://www.genderinkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Analysis-by-the-Sweden-embassy-of-elected-women-during-the-2017-Kenyan-Election.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004063030/https://www.genderinkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Analysis-by-the-Sweden-embassy-of-elected-women-during-the-2017-Kenyan-Election.pdf |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> a babban zaɓen shekara ta 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbuthia |first=Wanja |title=Trendsetters:Know your county women representative |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001251302/trendsetters-know-your-county-women-representative |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Eve Woman}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Ta je Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Mulango don samun Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Kenya daga shekarun 1971 zuwa 1974.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Institute|first1=Open|last2=County|first2=Open|title=County Leadership|url=https://opencounty.org/county-leadership/|access-date=2020-08-12|website=Open County|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Horarwa ta Kenya inda ta sami Digiri na Cigaba a fannin Gudanarwa, Difloma ta Cigaba a fannin Talla da Talla da kuma Difloma a Hulɗa da Jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Njiru, Jane Wanjuki {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3413 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> Ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar shugabar kwamitin Sadarwa, Bayanai da Kirkire-kirkire a majalisar dokoki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-16 |title=National Assembly Committee chairpersons, vice-chairpersons: Here is the new composition following elections |url=https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/national-assembly-committee-chairpersons-vice-chairpersons-here-is-the-new-composition-following-elections-24077/ |access-date=2020-08-12 |publisher=K24 TV |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Sashen Kula da Filaye da Aiwatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki a majalisar dokoki ta 12. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Njiru, Jane Wanjuki {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3413 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> == Aiki == An zaɓe Njirū a matsayin wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Embu a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Institute|first1=Open|last2=County|first2=Open|title=County Leadership|url=https://opencounty.org/county-leadership/|access-date=2020-08-12|website=Open County|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'a a New day Motors Limited a tsakanin shekarun 2006 zuwa 2017 kuma daga shekarun 1979 zuwa 2006 ta kasance Mataimakiyar Tallace-tallace da Talla a Telecom Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Njiru, Jane Wanjuki {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/node/3413 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=www.parliament.go.ke}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9s3vge6drdwk09eq4ro39i5p64kaylp 0 146716 891949 814371 2026-08-06T09:05:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Julienne Niat Ngoumou''' (1927 a Bana, Yankin Yamma, Kamaru – 2009) 'yar siyasa ce [[Kamaru|ta ƙasar Kamaru]]. Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa ta farko (Assofecam) a shekarar 1950 kuma mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar zaɓen 'yan majalisa a Kamaru, a watan Nuwamba 1951. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Ƙuruciya === An haifi Julienne Niat a shekarar 1927 a Bana. Ta kasance a fadar sarauta ta Bana kuma ta shiga cikin gudanar da masarautar tun tana ƙarama, inda ta sami ƙwarewa sosai a rayuwar siyasa. Ta kasance malama ta hanyar horo, ta kammala karatu daga aji na farko na makarantar sakandare ta [[Yaounde|Yaoundé]]. == Aikin siyasa == A farkon shekarun 1950, ita ce shugabar [[Assofecam]], ƙungiyar farko ta ƙasa ta mata 'yan Kamaru, kuma shugabar Majalisar Matasa ta Kamaru, wata ƙungiya da ke da alaƙa da Majalisar Matasa ta Duniya. A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1951, ta tsaya takarar zaɓen majalisar yankin Kamaru, ta Faransa, (Atcam). ESOCAM (Social Evolution of Cameroon, wata ƙungiya da aka kafa a shekarar 1949) ta zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar takarar Majalisar Wakilai. Ita ce mace ta farko a duk yankunan Amintattu na Afirka da ta tsaya takara a matsayin 'yar takara. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Cormier |first=François |date=17 November 2021 |title="Notre Jeanne d'Arc" Regards sur la première femme candidate à des élections au Cameroun |url=https://fradafriques.hypotheses.org/23 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Fragments d'Afrique}}</ref> Ba ta da aure kuma tana da ciki watanni da dama lokacin da ta fara kamfen ɗin zaɓe. Lokacin da aka haifi jaririn, ta sanya gadon jaririnta a cikin motar ƙasarta ta tafi da shi ko'ina tare da ita. <ref name=":0" /> Ta sha kaye a zaɓe sau biyu tsakanin shekarun 1951 da 1952, wanda aka danganta da rashin gamsuwar mazan abokan hamayyarta waɗanda ba su goyi bayan takarar mace ɗaya ba. A shekarar 1951, an bai wa mata masu aƙalla 'ya'ya biyu 'yancin zaɓe. A shekarar 1952, Julienne Niat ta haɗa mata daga fannoni daban-daban na sana'a da zamantakewa kuma ta kafa Ƙungiyar Matan Kamaru, (UFC) tare da [[Marie Irene Ngapeth]] da Marthe Moumie, waɗanda suma malamai ne kuma matan shugabannin ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rose Ndengue |date=2016 |title=Mobilisations féminines au Cameroun français dans les années 1940-1950 : l'ordre du genre et l'ordre colonial fissurés |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-le-mouvement-social-2016-2-page-71.htm |pages=71–85}}</ref> Ta hanyar wannan ƙungiyar mata, matan UFC sun buƙaci "'yancin zaɓe, inganta yanayin zamantakewa, lafiya da tattalin arziki na mata, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ntumba Matunga |date=2022-02-09 |title=Mouvement de Défense des femmes en Afrique |url=https://tetonsmarrons.com/2022/02/09/mouvement-de-defense-des-femmes-en-afrique/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Tétons Marrons |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2023-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126014501/https://tetonsmarrons.com/2022/02/09/mouvement-de-defense-des-femmes-en-afrique/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> daidaiton jinsi, har ma da daidaito tsakanin mata fararen fata da ke zaune a Kamaru da mata baƙaƙe". <ref name=":2" /> A watan Disamba na shekarar 1956, ta tsaya takara a karo na biyu a matsayin 'yar takara a zaɓen 'yan majalisa da ya kunshi Majalisar Dokokin Kamaru, (Alcam). Julienne Niat, wacce ta zama Julienne Ngoumou bayan aurenta, ana yi mata laƙabi da Joan of Arc of Cameroon. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da ta tsaya takara a wannan zaɓen amma ba ta sami kujera a sabuwar majalisar ba. A ƙarshe Julienne Keutcha ce ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasar Kamaru. <ref name=":1"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Julienne Niat ita ce mahaifiyar Margaret Sanga Ngassa, tare da Félix Ngoumou a matsayin uba. <ref name="CM_discrete_M_Sanga" /> Margaret Sanga likita ce ta Kamaru kuma mai ba da agaji, majagaba a yakin da ake yi da AIDS a Kamaru kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar NGO SWAA Littoral, reshe na [[Society for Women and Aids in Africa]] (SWAA). <ref name="CM_discrete_M_Sanga">{{Cite web |last=Stéphane Tchakam |date=21 November 2011 |title=People : Discrète Margaret Sanga |url=https://www.camerounlink.com/printnews.php?nid=51291 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403201713/https://www.camerounlink.com/printnews.php?nid=51291 |archive-date=2024-04-03 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=Cameroun Link}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2011 |title=Mort d'une icône de la lutte contre le sida dans le Littoral |url=http://ct2015.cameroon-tribune.cm/index.php?id=66015:mort-dune-icone-de-la-lutte-contre-le-sida-dans-le-littoral&option=com_content |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240403201943/http://ct2015.cameroon-tribune.cm/index.php?id=66015:mort-dune-icone-de-la-lutte-contre-le-sida-dans-le-littoral&option=com_content |archive-date=2024-04-03 |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=cameroon-tribune.cm}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]] kow0gholiyy39q6j23d902ihykfgc1m 0 146902 891817 827688 2026-08-06T00:38:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jennifer Alanyo''' likita ce, jami'ar soja kuma 'yar majalisa 'yar [[Uganda|ƙasar Uganda]]. Tana wakiltar rundunar tsaron jama'ar Uganda (UPDF) a majalisar dokokin ƙasar Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-05-20 |title=UPDF MPS defend role in parliament |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/updf-mps-defend-role-in-parliament/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=You’re listening posts in Parliament, Museveni tells new UPDF MPs |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/you-re-listening-posts-in-parliament-museveni-tells-new-updf-mps-3274554 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali |first=Mubiru |date=2021-01-29 |title=UPDF Eronze Ababaka Baayo |url=https://www.radiosimba.ug/updf-eronze-ababaka-baayo/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Radio Simba - Ennene |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support Our Priorities In New Govt, President Urges UPDF MPs |url=https://www.nrm.ug/news/support-our-priorities-new-govt-president-urges-updf-mps |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Support Our Priorities In New Govt, President Urges UPDF MPs {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=I Want Us to be Best Armed Force in the Region - Museveni Tells New UPDF MPs {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/index.php/content/arming-our-forces-be-best-region-top-priority-museveni-tells-new-updf-mps |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=kampalapost.com |archive-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221195123/https://kampalapost.com/index.php/content/arming-our-forces-be-best-region-top-priority-museveni-tells-new-updf-mps |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi da Ilimi == '''Alanyo''' likita ce ta fannin likitanci, kuma jami'ar soja ta UPDF ce a matsayin Manjo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-04 |title=UPDF steps up Tarehe Sita celebrations |url=https://explorer.co.ug/updf-steps-up-tarehe-sita-celebrations/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Explorer Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == An zaɓe ta a majalisar dokoki don wakiltar Rundunar Tsaron Jama'ar Uganda (UPDF) a shekarar 2021 bisa shawarar majalisar sojoji da kuma zaɓen da jami'an soji suka yi daga baya. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=CDF Gen. Muhoozi says army representatives will listen and engage with other legislators |url=http://www.howwebiz.ug/news/national/29617/cdf-gen.-muhoozi-says-army-representatives-will-listen-and-engage-with-other-legislators- |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.howwebiz.ug |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=LIST: UPDF elects new Members of Parliament |url=https://theinformerug.com/2021/01/30/list-updf-elects-new-members-of-parliament/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016143605/https://theinformerug.com/2021/01/30/list-updf-elects-new-members-of-parliament/ |archive-date=2022-10-16 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Informer UG |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Pearl Times |date=2021-01-30 |title=List: Defence Council declines to nominate top generals; Muhoozi, Elwelu elected UPDF MPs; Tumwine dropped |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/list-defence-council-declines-to-nominate-top-generals-muhoozi-elwelu-elected-updf-mps-tumwine-dropped/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Pearl Times |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=Museveni warns army MPs against defying him as he lists priorities for new term |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/01/30/museveni-warns-army-mps-against-defying-him-as-he-lists-priorities-for-new-term/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Tana daga cikin wakilan mata uku (3) na UPDF a majalisa, sauran sun haɗa da, Charity Bainababo da [[Victor Nekesa]]. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gen. Muhoozi, Museveni doctor get highest votes im army polls |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/88729 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Secondopinion |date=2021-01-30 |title=UPDF POLLS! Janet Museveni’s most trusted ADC sent to Parliament |url=https://www.secondopinion.co.ug/updf-polls-janet-musevenis-most-trusted-adc-sent-to-parliament/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=THE SECOND OPINION |language=en-US}}</ref> A majalisar dokoki, tana aiki a kwamitin kimiyya, fasaha da kirkire-kirkire. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on Science, Technology and Innovation – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-science-technology-and-innovation/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cm7mq112kcsv539skk90hubvuskn7wk 0 149979 891852 859231 2026-08-06T05:20:35Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891852 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Bayer-04 - Zenit (14).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Hulk | hoto = Hulk 2021.jpg | cikakken_suna = Givanildo Vieira de Sousa | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1986|7|25}} | wurin_haihuwa = Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil | tsawo = 1.80 m | matsayi = Dan wasan gaba | kungiyar_yanzu = Atlético Mineiro | lamba = 7 | shekaru1 = 2004 | kulob1 = Vitória | wasa1 = 2 | kwallo1 = 0 | shekaru2 = 2005–2008 | kulob2 = Kawasaki Frontale | wasa2 = 18 | kwallo2 = 0 | shekaru3 = 2005 | kulob3 = → Consadole Sapporo (aro) | wasa3 = 41 | kwallo3 = 26 | shekaru4 = 2006 | kulob4 = → Tokyo Verdy (aro) | wasa4 = 42 | kwallo4 = 37 | shekaru5 = 2007 | kulob5 = → Tokyo Verdy (aro) | wasa5 = 42 | kwallo5 = 37 | shekaru6 = 2008–2012 | kulob6 = Porto | wasa6 = 99 | kwallo6 = 54 | shekaru7 = 2012–2016 | kulob7 = Zenit Saint Petersburg | wasa7 = 97 | kwallo7 = 56 | shekaru8 = 2016–2020 | kulob8 = Shanghai SIPG | wasa8 = 100 | kwallo8 = 51 | shekaru9 = 2021– | kulob9 = Atlético Mineiro | wasa9 = 150+ | kwallo9 = 80+ | tawagar_kasa1 = Brazil | shekarun_kasa1 = 2009–2021 | wasannin_kasa1 = 49 | kwallayen_kasa1 = 11 }} '''Givanildo Vieira de Sousa''' (an haife shi ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1986), wanda aka fi sani da '''Hulk''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba. Ya shahara saboda ƙarfin jikinsa, saurin gudu, da kuma bugun ƙwallo masu ƙarfi daga nesa. Hulk ya taka leda a manyan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a nahiyoyin Turai, Asiya da Kudancin Amurka, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan Brazil na ƙarni na 21.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fifa.com|title=Hulk](https://www.fifa.com|title=Hulk) Profile|publisher=FIFA|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Hulk a birnin Campina Grande da ke jihar Paraíba a ƙasar Brazil. Ya taso ne cikin iyali mai ƙaramin ƙarfi ta fuskar tattalin arziki, inda tun yana ƙarami yake taimakawa iyayensa wajen gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci. Tun daga yarintarsa ya nuna sha’awa sosai ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma mutane da dama sun fara lura da ƙwarewarsa tun yana ƙaramin yaro.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hulk-Brazilian-football-player|title=Hulk](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hulk-Brazilian-football-player|title=Hulk) Biography|publisher=Britannica|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An samo laƙabin “Hulk” ne daga jarumin fina-finai na Amurka mai suna ''The Incredible Hulk'', saboda mahaifinsa yana ganin jikinsa da ƙarfinsa sun yi kama da na wannan jarumi. Wannan suna daga baya ya zama sananne a duniya baki ɗaya yayin da ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.goal.com|title=Why](https://www.goal.com|title=Why) Givanildo Vieira de Sousa is called Hulk|publisher=Goal|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Vitória === Hulk ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar Vitória ta Brazil. Duk da cewa bai samu damar buga wasanni da yawa ba a ƙungiyar farko, amma ƙwarewarsa ta jawo hankalin masu neman ‘yan wasa daga ƙasashen waje. Wannan ne ya ba shi damar komawa nahiyar Asiya domin ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.transfermarkt.com/hulk/profil/spieler/8057|title=Hulk](https://www.transfermarkt.com/hulk/profil/spieler/8057|title=Hulk) Career Statistics|publisher=Transfermarkt|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === Kawasaki Frontale da aro a Japan === A shekarar 2005 Hulk ya koma ƙungiyar Kawasaki Frontale ta [[Japan]]. Sai dai saboda rashin samun damar buga wasa akai-akai, an ba shi aro zuwa ƙungiyoyi kamar Consadole Sapporo da [[Tokyo]] Verdy. A waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ne ya fara nuna bajintarsa sosai ta fuskar cin ƙwallaye da ƙwarewar kai hari.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.jleague.co|title=Hulk](https://www.jleague.co|title=Hulk) in Japan|publisher=J.League|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A lokacin da yake Tokyo Verdy, Hulk ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan lig ɗin Japan. Ya ci ƙwallaye da dama, lamarin da ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun nasarori masu yawa. Salon wasansa mai amfani da ƙarfi da gudu ya sanya masu sharhi da dama suka fara kallonsa a matsayin tauraro mai tasowa.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.espn.com|title=Hulk](https://www.espn.com|title=Hulk) shines in Japanese football|publisher=ESPN|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Porto === A shekarar 2008 Hulk ya koma ƙungiyar Porto ta ƙasar Portugal. Wannan mataki ne da ya canza rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya, domin a Porto ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ‘yan wasan gaba a Turai. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe kofuna da dama ciki har da gasar Firimiya ta Portugal da kuma UEFA Europa League.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fcporto.pt|title=Hulk](https://www.fcporto.pt|title=Hulk) at Porto|publisher=FC Porto|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hulk ya yi fice sosai a Porto saboda ƙarfinsa, dribbling, da kuma bugun ƙwallo masu ƙarfi. A kakar wasa ta 2010–11, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Porto lashe UEFA Europa League ba tare da shan kaye ba a mafi yawan wasanninsu. A wannan lokaci ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan wasan da manyan kulob ɗin Turai suke nema.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.uefa.com|title=Porto](https://www.uefa.com|title=Porto) Europa League Triumph|publisher=UEFA|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Zenit Saint Petersburg === A shekarar 2012 Hulk ya koma Zenit Saint Petersburg ta ƙasar Rasha a kan kuɗi masu yawa. Wannan ciniki ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada a tarihin ƙungiyar a lokacin. Ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa a lig ɗin Rasha, inda ya lashe gasar lig tare da zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|title=Zenit](https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|title=Zenit) sign Hulk|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duk da samun wasu matsaloli da suka shafi daidaitawa da wasu ‘yan wasa a farkon zuwansa, Hulk daga baya ya zama jagora a ƙungiyar Zenit. Ya ci ƙwallaye masu yawa kuma ya taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙungiyar a gasannin Turai da cikin gida.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.skysports.com|title=Hulk](https://www.skysports.com|title=Hulk) excels at Zenit|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Shanghai SIPG === A shekarar 2016 Hulk ya koma Shanghai SIPG ta ƙasar Sin bayan ƙungiyar ta biya kuɗi masu yawa domin sayensa. Wannan canji ya kasance wani bangare na yunƙurin ƙwallon ƙafar Sin wajen jawo manyan taurari daga Turai zuwa lig ɗin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.reuters.com|title=Hulk](https://www.reuters.com|title=Hulk) joins Shanghai SIPG|publisher=Reuters|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A Shanghai SIPG, Hulk ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Chinese Super League. Ya haɗa kai da manyan ‘yan wasa kamar Oscar wajen samar da ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi hare-hare a lig ɗin Sin. Salon wasansa ya ci gaba da jan hankalin masoya ƙwallon ƙafa a Asiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.the-afc.com|title=Hulk](https://www.the-afc.com|title=Hulk) wins Chinese title|publisher=AFC|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Atlético Mineiro === Bayan shekaru a Asiya, Hulk ya dawo Brazil a shekarar 2021 inda ya koma Atlético Mineiro. Komawarsa gida ta kasance abin farin ciki ga magoya bayan Brazil, kuma cikin sauri ya fara nuna bajinta ta hanyar cin ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://atletico.com.br|title=Hulk](https://atletico.com.br|title=Hulk) returns to Brazil|publisher=Atlético Mineiro|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hulk ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Atlético Mineiro lashe gasar Série A ta Brazil da Copa do Brasil. Ya zama jagora a ƙungiyar saboda gogewarsa da ƙwarewarsa wajen taimaka wa matasan ‘yan wasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.fourfourtwo.com|title=Hulk](https://www.fourfourtwo.com|title=Hulk) inspires Atletico Mineiro|publisher=FourFourTwo|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Hulk ya fara bugawa tawagar ƙasar Brazil wasa a shekarar 2009. Ya wakilci ƙasar a manyan gasa kamar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma Copa América. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Brazil da ta lashe FIFA Confederations Cup a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/confederationscup|title=Brazil](https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/confederationscup|title=Brazil) wins Confederations Cup|publisher=FIFA|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Hulk ya taka rawa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2014 da aka gudanar a Brazil. Duk da cewa Brazil ba ta samu nasarar lashe kofin ba, Hulk ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka fi jan hankali saboda ƙarfinsa da kuzarin da yake nunawa a filin wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014|title=2014](https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014|title=2014) FIFA World Cup|publisher=FIFA|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Hulk ya shahara saboda ƙarfin jikinsa da kuma iya bugun ƙwallo da ƙarfi sosai. Yawanci yana taka leda daga gefe ko kuma a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya. Yana da saurin gudu da ƙwarewa wajen tsallake masu [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.goal.com|title=Hulk](https://www.goal.com|title=Hulk) playing style analysis|publisher=Goal|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama sun yaba masa saboda iya amfani da ƙafarsa ta hagu wajen bugun fenariti da bugun daga nesa. Haka kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar damammaki ga abokan wasansa, ba wai cin ƙwallaye kaɗai ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.espn.com/football|title=Hulk](https://www.espn.com/football|title=Hulk) tactical profile|publisher=ESPN|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Hulk ya kasance mutum mai son iyalinsa sosai kuma yana yawan bayyana muhimmancin iyali a rayuwarsa. Ya kuma shiga ayyukan taimakon al’umma a Brazil, musamman wajen taimakawa yara marasa galihu da kuma tallafawa harkokin wasanni ga matasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.planetfootball.com|title=Hulk](https://www.planetfootball.com|title=Hulk) personal life|publisher=Planet Football|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Porto === * Primeira Liga: 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12 * Taça de Portugal: 2009–10, 2010–11 * UEFA Europa League: 2010–11 <ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.uefa.com|title=Porto](https://www.uefa.com|title=Porto) honours|publisher=UEFA|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Zenit Saint Petersburg === * Russian Premier League: 2014–15 * Russian Cup: 2015–16 <ref>{{cite web|url=[https://premierliga.ru|title=Zenit](https://premierliga.ru|title=Zenit) achievements|publisher=Russian Premier League|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Shanghai SIPG === * Chinese Super League: 2018 <ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.the-afc.com|title=Shanghai](https://www.the-afc.com|title=Shanghai) SIPG title|publisher=AFC|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Atlético Mineiro === * Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2021 * Copa do Brasil: 2021 <ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.cbf.com.br|title=Atletico](https://www.cbf.com.br|title=Atletico) Mineiro achievements|publisher=CBF|access-date=8 Mayu 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Category:1986 births]] [[Category:Brazilian footballers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Atlético Mineiro players]] 4jt4g4ui9lpfr4odv9rjfqk0ayz0syh 0 150223 892086 833247 2026-08-06T11:30:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Karim Adil Ansarifard''' (Persian; an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1990) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Iran wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba. Halin wasansa da iyawarsa sun jawo kwatanci da Ali Daei (kocin da ya gano shi) kuma an kira shi "mai maye gurbin Daei".<ref name="jamejam">{{Cite web |title=With Karim Ansarifard, The Young Striker of Saipa: I'll Proof that I'm not a Spark. |url=http://www.jamejamonline.ir/papertext.aspx?newsnum=100920311429 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=[[Jaam-e Jam (newspaper)|Jaam-e Jam Newspaper]] |language=fa}}</ref> ''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya'' ta zaɓi Ansarifard a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun matasan 'yan wasa a duniya tare da Javier Hernández da [[Jack Wilshere]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=saipaonline.com |url=http://www.saipaonline.com/view-7298.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331081951/http://www.saipaonline.com/view-7298.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2012, [[FIFA]] .com ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da za a kalla a shekarar 2012. ''Goal.com'' ta kuma zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa 100 mafi zafi a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Goal.com Hot 100 - The Young Stars To Look Out For In 2011 - Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2011/01/01/2284652/goalcom-hot-100-the-young-stars-to-look-out-for-in-2011 |website=Goal.com}}</ref> Haka kuma a shekarar 2012, FIFA ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na 48 mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya kuma na biyu mafi kyau a Asiya . == Aikin kulob == === Saipa === A lokacin daya daga cikin sansanonin horon Saipa a Ardabil, garin da Karim ya fito, kocin a wancan lokacin Ali Daei ya kai shi gwajin horo kuma aka karbe shi a makarantar horar da matasa da kuma reshen kungiyar. <ref name="jamejam"/> A kakar wasa ta 2007 , Saipa, zakarun Iran da ke mulki, sun fuskanci matsala wajen zura kwallaye bayan tafiyar Mohsen Khalili da kuma ritayar kocin a wancan lokacin Ali Daei . Bayan makonni 12, Ali Daei ya mayar da Ansarifard zuwa kungiyar farko daga reshen kungiyar kuma matashin tauraron ya amsa imanin kocin da wasanni masu kyau, ciki har da kwallon da ya ci a kan kungiyar Sepahan mai karfi. Ansarifard ya zura kwallaye 13 a kakar wasa ta 2009-10. Bayan ya taka rawar gani sosai, Karim ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa na Saipa kuma kungiyoyin Turai kamar Borussia Dortmund da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] suka yi niyya. Daga baya, Steaua București ta yi tayin €200,000 don aro na rabin kakar wasa. A watan Mayun 2011, an yi hasashen cewa [[Everton FC|Everton]] na sha'awar sayen Ansarifard. Duk da sha'awar da ƙungiyoyin Turai ke da ita, matsalolin ɗaukar 'yan wasa sun sa yiwuwar Ansarifard ya koma wata ƙungiyar waje ba zai yiwu ba. Ansarifard ya sabunta kwangilarsa da Saipa na tsawon shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yulin 2011. A kakar wasa ta 2011-12 ta Iranian Pro League, Ansarifard ya zira kwallaye 21 kuma ya taimaka wa Saipa ya taimaka masa sau 5, inda ya zama babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. === Persepolis === An yi ta rade-radin cewa Ansarifard zai bar Saipa a kakar wasa ta 2011-12 ta Iran Pro League . A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2012, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da [[Persepolis F.C.|Persepolis]] . An ba shi rigar lamba 9. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan share fagen kakar wasa da Aluminum . Ya fara bugawa Persepolis wasa a wasan da suka yi da Sanat Naft kuma ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Persepolis da Gahar Zagros . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a matsayin dan wasan Persepolis (kuma ta biyu a rayuwarsa) da Paykan . Ya sake zura kwallo ta uku a zagaye na 32 na gasar Hazfi Cup a Malavan . Ya kuma zura kwallon farko ta Persepolis a wasan karshe na gasar Hazfi Cup . Kungiyarsa za ta sha kashi a bugun fenariti. A farkon kakar wasa, Ansarifard ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Persepolis duk da tayin da Sepahan, Tractor da kungiyoyi biyu na UAE Pro League suka yi masa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2013 |title=انصاری‌فرد و غریبی با پرسپولیس به توافق رسیدند |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/295194/sport/premiere-league |access-date=25 May 2013 |publisher=Khabaronline}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya samu rashin jituwa da kocin kulob din Ali Daei a lokacin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa ta bana. An cire shi daga jerin 'yan wasa kuma daga karshe aka mayar da shi Tractor a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=کریم انصاری فرد به تراکتورسازی پیوست |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/303544/کریم-انصاری-فرد-به-تراکتورسازی-پیوست |website=خبرآنلاین}}</ref> [[Fayil:Karim_Ansarifaard,_Persepolis-Malavan_match,_2013.jpg|thumb|Ansarifard yana bugawa Persepolis wasa da Malavan a shekarar 2013]] === Tarakta === Bayan da Persepolis ta saka shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba, sai ya yanke shawarar sake buga wasa a Iran sannan ya koma Tractor . Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara guda tare da zabin komawa gasar zakarun Turai idan aka samu tayin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Football News, Live Scores, Results & Transfers - Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 1 ga Agusta 2013 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a [[Tabriz|wasan hamayya na Tabriz]] da [[Ali Malaei|Gostaresh Foolad]] . Ya lashe gasar cin kofin Hazfi tare da Tractor kuma an nada shi a matsayin Dan wasa Mafi Daraja a gasar. Ansarifard ya zura kwallaye goma sha bakwai ga ''<nowiki/>'yan wasan Tabriz'' a lokacin da yake wasa a kungiyar, kwallaye goma sha huɗu kuma suna cikin gasar, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a kakar wasa a karo na biyu a rayuwarsa ta sana'a. A watan Yulin 2014, Tractor ya saki Ansarifard kuma an ba shi izinin sanya hannu da wata kungiyar Turai. === Osasuna === A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2014, Ansarifard ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Segunda División 's CA Osasuna . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2014 |title=Osasuna ficha a Karim Ansarifard |trans-title=Osasuna signs Karim Ansarifard |url=http://osasuna.es/noticia/_/7556/29-08-2014-osasuna-ficha-a-karim-ansarifard.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908112217/http://osasuna.es/noticia/_/7556/29-08-2014-osasuna-ficha-a-karim-ansarifard.html |archive-date=8 September 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Osasuna's official website |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a gasar a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya maye gurbin Roberto Torres a minti na 61 da Racing de Santander . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Osasuna v Racing Santander Live Commentary & Result, 04/10/2014, Segunda División - Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en/match/osasuna-vs-racing-santander/1826399 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partido Osasuna - Racing - Segunda División 2015 |url=http://www.resultados-futbol.com/partido/Osasuna/Racing |website=www.resultados-futbol.com |access-date=2026-05-09 |archive-date=2014-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111141402/http://www.resultados-futbol.com/partido/Osasuna/Racing |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Blanco |first=Adrián González |date=4 October 2014 |title=Resultado Osasuna - Racing de Santander de la Liga Adelante (0-2) |url=http://www.vavel.com/es/futbol/racing-de-santander/399346-osasuna-racing-de-santander-en-directo-online.html}}</ref> Ya fara wasa a ranar 18 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka yi nasara da CD Tenerife da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nekounam scores, Jahanbakhsh assists |url=http://www.persianfootball.com/news/2014/10/19/nekounam-scores-jahanbakhsh-assists/ |website=www.persianfootball.com}}</ref> === Panionios === A lokacin bazara na 2015, Ansarifard ya sanya hannu da Panionios a gasar Super League ta Girka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petar Vasiljevic: "Ansarifard se va al Panionios griego". Diario de Noticias de Navarra |url=http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/2015/08/06/osasuna/petar-vasiljevic-ansarifard-se-va-al-panionios-griego |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925190031/http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/2015/08/06/osasuna/petar-vasiljevic-ansarifard-se-va-al-panionios-griego |archive-date=25 September 2016 |access-date=20 August 2015}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka doke Panetolikos da ci 5-1 a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Panaitolikos vs. Panionios - 3 October 2015 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/10/03/greece/super-league/panaitolikos-agrinio/panionios-nfc/2088707/ |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2015 a wasan da suka yi da Platanias . A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2015, Ansarifard ya zura kwallaye biyu kuma ya taimaka wa Panionios ta yi nasara a kan PAS Giannina da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansarifard leads Panionios to another victory |url=http://www.sdna.gr/news-english/article/140666/ansarifard-leads-panionios-another-victory}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci shi kaɗai a watan Afrilu 2016 a wasan kwana na 28 a wasan da suka yi da PAOK ta sa ya zama gwarzon mako. A watan Mayun 2016, Ansarifard, wanda kwantiraginsa zai kare a karshen kakar wasa mai zuwa, an ba shi tayin zuwa PAOK amma ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa mai shekaru 26 bai kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan da Eagles suka zaɓa a lokacin ba. Ya fara kakar wasa ta 2016-17 a matsayin jagoran 'yan wasan ƙungiyar. A ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2016, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu Asteras Tripolis da ci 3-0 a gida. === Olympiakos === A ranar 13 ga Janairun 2017, Ansarifard ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru 3.5 da ƙungiyar Olympiacos ta Girka kan kuɗin canja wuri na €400,000, Panionios kuma yana da yarjejeniyar sayar da shi da kashi 10% na kuɗin da aka amince da shi. An ba shi lamba 17. A ranar 24 ga Janairun 2017, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Aris a gasar cin kofin Girka, inda ya zura ƙwallo ta farko da ta daidaita wasan. Ansarifard ya fara buga gasarsa ta farko a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2017 a wasan da suka doke AEL da ci 2-0, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2017, Karim ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasansa na biyu na gasar Europa League da Osmanlıspor . Da kwallayen Karim, Olympiacos ta kai zagaye na 16 a karon farko tun 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UEFA.com |title=UEFA Europa League - Osmanlıspor-Olympiacos |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/2019666--osmanlispor-vs-olympiacos/ |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Karim ya lashe kyautar dan wasan UEFA Europa League na mako saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan da suka yi da Osmanlıspor. <ref>{{Cite web |title=POTW |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/player-of-the-week/ |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] ==manazarta== 1pw3ukocd0og72zmwxhqc4mdr38novw 0 150473 891816 833960 2026-08-06T00:14:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jean-Pierre Adams''' (10 Maris 1948 - 6 Satumba 2021) ya kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin mai tsakiya. An buga shi sau 22 ga Faransa a cikin shekarun 1970, kuma a matakin kulob din, ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na Division 1 ga Nîmes, Nice da [[Paris Saint-Germain]] . Daga Maris 1982 har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Satumbar 2021, ya kasance a cikin coma sakamakon kurakurai da aka yi yayin aikin asibiti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2016 |title='Tragic yet heartwarming': How Jean-Pierre Adams touched a nerve |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/17/football/jean-pierre-adams-coma-wife-bernadette-football/index.html |access-date=17 March 2016 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Adams kuma ya girma a [[Dakar]] har zuwa shekara 10, lokacin da ya bar asalinsa Senegal a kan aikin hajji zuwa Montargis a Sashen Loiret tare da kakarsa, mai kishin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]]. Lokacin da suka isa, ta sanya shi a makarantar Katolika ta yankin, Saint-Louis de Montargis . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Quand ces ECRIVAINS sont nos anciens..... |trans-title=When these WRITERS used to be with us..... |url=http://www.ecolesaintlouis.org/anciens.php?id=37 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220009/http://www.ecolesaintlouis.org/anciens.php?id=37 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=26 January 2014 |publisher=École Saint-Louis |language=French}}</ref> Ma'aurata Faransanci ne suka karbe shi jim kadan bayan isowarsa kasar. A lokacin karatunsa, Adams ya yi aiki a wani masana'antar roba ta gida kuma ya fara buga kwallon kafa a kungiyoyi da yawa a yankin Loiret.<ref name="SF"/> == Ayyukan kulob din == Adams ya fara wasa tare da Entente BFN a shekarar 1967 a matsayin dan wasan gaba, tare da wanda ya kasance na biyu a Championnat de France Amateur sau biyu.<ref name="SFCF">{{Cite web |title=RCP Fontainebleau Football |url=http://statfootballclubfrance.fr/racing-club-de-fontainebleau.php |access-date=9 May 2021 |publisher=Stat Football Club France |language=French}}</ref> A shekara ta 1970, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Nîmes, ya mai gaba da kasancewa a cikin Division 1 na shekaru tara masu zuwa, kuma yana wakiltar Nice da [[Paris Saint-Germain]].<ref name="SF"/> A cikin yakin 1971-72, Adams ya ba da gudummawa hudu a cikin dukkan wasanni 38 don taimakawa Nîmes zuwa matsayi na biyu mafi kyau, <ref name="SKY">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2015 |title=Jean-Pierre Adams |url=https://kurbos.skyrock.com/3244771286-JEAN-PIERRE-ADAMS.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318050430/https://kurbos.skyrock.com/3244771286-JEAN-PIERRE-ADAMS.html |archive-date=18 March 2020 |access-date=18 March 2020 |publisher=[[Skyrock (social network site)|Skyrock]] |language=French}}</ref> kuma ya lashe Kofin Alps. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Veronese |first=Andrea |title=Cup of the Alps 1972 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/alpi72.html |access-date=16 March 2016 |publisher=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya kara da mafi kyawun aiki tara ga Nice a 1973-74, don matsayi na biyar na karshe.<ref name="SKY" /> Bayan shekara guda a Division 2 tare da Mulhouse, Adams ya yi ritaya a 1981 yana da shekaru 33, biyo bayan wani lokaci tare da masu son Chalon a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa.<ref name="SF">{{Cite web |last=Goubin |first=Thomas |date=17 March 2012 |title=Jean-Pierre Adams, 30 ans dans le coma |trans-title=Jean-Pierre Adams, 30 years in a coma |url=http://www.sofoot.com/jean-pierre-adams-30-ans-dans-le-coma-154707.html |access-date=26 January 2014 |publisher=So Foot |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2021 |title=Jean-Pierre Adams nous a quittés |trans-title=Jean-Pierre Adams has left us |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/the-club/content/jean-pierre-adams-nous-a-quittes |access-date=7 September 2021 |publisher=Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |language=French |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906231838/https://www.psg.fr/equipes/the-club/content/jean-pierre-adams-nous-a-quittes |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 15 ga watan Yunin 1972, Adams ya fara bugawa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Faransa wasa a wasan da ba a hukumance ba da aka yi da dan wasan Afirka XI da Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta zaba. <ref name="SF"/> Gasarsa ta farko ta zo ne a ranar 13 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar, a cikin nasarar da ta samu a gida 1-0 a kan Tarayyar Soviet don cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colombari |first=Bruno |date=18 May 2012 |title=1972, une année dans le siècle |trans-title=1972, a year in the century |url=http://www.chroniquesbleues.fr/1972-une-annee-dans-le-siecle |access-date=18 March 2020 |publisher=Chroniques Bleues |language=French}}</ref> Adams' last of his 22 appearances<ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |date=6 September 2021 |title=Jean-Pierre Adams: Former France international dies after 39 years in coma |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58463792 |access-date=6 September 2021 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> occurred on 1 September 1976, in a friendly with Denmark.<ref name="SF"/> During his tenure with ''Les Bleus'', he formed a stopper partnership with Marius Trésor which was dubbed ''La garde noire'' (black guard). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] ntis41vf8j8741qg4dxfwppkznv6men 0 151348 891715 840276 2026-08-05T15:03:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ijebu United FC | fullname = Ijebu United Football Club | nickname = | founded = | ground = Ijebu Ode Stadium | capacity = | owner = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nigeria Nationwide League | season = | position = | website = }} '''Ijebu United FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Ijebu Ode]], a jihar [[Ogun State|Ogun]], [[Nigeria]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke taka leda a ƙananan matakan gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, musamman a gasar Nationwide League. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa daga yankin Ijebu tare da samar musu da damar shiga manyan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/ |title=Ijebu United FC profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta shahara wajen bai wa matasa dama domin nuna bajintarsu a wasannin cikin gida. A tsawon shekarun da ta yi tana fafatawa a matakan ƙasa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, ta taka rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar wasanni a yankin Ogun da ma kudancin Najeriya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianfootballleague.com/ |title=Nigerian football league clubs |website=Nigerian Football League |access-date=15 May 2026 |archive-date=23 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123225500/https://nigerianfootballleague.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ijebu United FC tana gudanar da wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Ijebu Ode Stadium wanda yake a garin Ijebu Ode. Filin wasan yana karɓar wasannin cikin gida da sauran gasannin yankin Ogun State. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin masu goyon bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Ijebu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ogunstate.gov.ng/ |title=Sports development in Ogun State |website=Ogun State Government |access-date=15 May 2026 |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616185728/http://www.ogunstate.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana mai da hankali sosai wajen horas da matasa da kuma gano sababbin hazikan ‘yan wasa daga makarantu da ƙananan kungiyoyi. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen samar da wasu ‘yan wasan da suka ci gaba zuwa wasu kungiyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brila.net/ |title=Grassroots football development in Nigeria |website=Brila FM |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ba a samu cikakken bayanin shekarar kafuwar ƙungiyar a kafofin bayanai na intanet ba, amma Ijebu United FC na daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka dade suna taka rawa a ƙananan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya. Kungiyar ta shiga gasanni daban-daban na cikin gida tare da neman samun gurbi a manyan lig-lig na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig-intres.html |title=Nigerian lower division football records |website=RSSSF |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == Babbar manufar ƙungiyar ita ce bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Ijebu da samar da dama ga matasa masu sha’awar harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Haka kuma ƙungiyar na ƙoƙarin taimakawa wajen rage rashin aikin yi ta hanyar harkokin wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/ |title=Football development in Nigeria |website=The Guardian Nigeria |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Nationwide League]] * [[Ogun State]] * [[Football in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Ogun State]] [[Category:Football clubs in Ogun State]] flibgimjxfg2bgbpk4x6ppjrgamh23u 0 151785 891782 859723 2026-08-05T21:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   Jami'ar Tarayya ta Oye Ekiti jami'a ce mallakar gwamnati kuma tana aiki a Najeriya. Jami'ar tana da sansanoni guda biyu da ke cikin tsofaffin birane na Oye-Ekiti da Ikole-Ekiti. An kafa jami'ar ne a shekarar 2011 a matsayin daya daga cikin jami'o'in tarayya da gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ta kafa a lokacin mulkin Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan. == Ɗalibi na farko == Jami'ar Tarayya Oye Ekiti tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri a fannonin [[Noma a Najeriya|Aikin noma]], Fasaha, Shari'a, Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa, Kimiyya, [[Injinia.|Injiniya]], Ilimi, Pharmacy, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya da Kimiyya. Jami'ar tana da fannoni goma sha biyu da makarantar karatun digiri. Jami'ar Tarayya Oye-Ekiti tana shirye don ci gaban ilimi a Najeriya musamman a duk fannoni masu ban sha'awa. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, an ba da tayin ga ɗalibai a duk faɗin ilimi masu dacewa don gudanar da karatu a duk fannoni a jami'ar. Makarantar ta fara karatun digiri a shekarar 2015, tare da taron farko a watan Afrilun 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-13 |title=FUOYE Pre-Degree Acceptance Fee 2019 /2020 {{!}}{{!}} Payment Procedure |url=https://edutech.com.ng/fuoye-pre-degree-acceptance-fee-2019-2020-payment-procedure/ |access-date=2020-01-13 |website=Edutech.com.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113012737/https://edutech.com.ng/fuoye-pre-degree-acceptance-fee-2019-2020-payment-procedure/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jami'ar Tarayya Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE) tana ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'in tarayya tara da gwamnatin Najeriya ta kafa, bisa ga umarnin zartarwa da tsohon Shugaban Najeriya [[Goodluck Jonathan|Dokta Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]] ya yi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal University Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE) - About Us |url=https://www.fuoye.edu.ng/en/about-fuoye |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511225410/https://fuoye.edu.ng/en/about-fuoye |archive-date=2020-05-11 |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=www.fuoye.edu.ng}}</ref> Mataimakin shugaban FUOYE shine Farfesa Chinedu Ostadinma Nebo, kuma [[Kayode Soremekun|Farfesa Kayode Soremekun]] ne ya gaje shi, wanda [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Buhari]] ya nada a shekarar 2016. Mataimakin shugaban makarantar na yanzu shine Farfesa AS Fasina . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=VC FUOYE Professor Abayomi Fashina Sunday and dignitaries visit Chef Dammy and her team {{!}} Intel Region |url=https://www.intelregion.com/entertainment/vc-fuoye-professor-abayomi-fashina-sunday-and-dignitaries-visit-chef-dammy-and-her-team/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar tana da sansani biyu a Oye-Ekiti da [[Ikole-Ekiti]] tare da jimlar ɗalibai 43000, da Faculties tare da sassan sama da 58, wato: * Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona (Tattalin Arziki da fadada Aikin Goma, Kifi da Aquaculture, Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa, Fitar da Dabbobi da Lafiya, Fasahar Amfanin Gona da Horticulture, Fasalar Kimiyya ta Abinci, Ruwa da Meteorology, Yawon Bude Ido da Baƙi). * Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Medical laboratory science, Physiology, Nursing, da Radiography da Radiation Sciences). * Faculty of Engineering (Aikin Gona da Bio-Resources Engineering, Injiniyanci, Injiniya na Kwamfuta, Injiniyar Lantarki da Injiniyan Lantarki, Injiniyin Injiniya da Injiniya, Kayan aiki da Injiniyar Metallurgical) * Faculty of Social Sciences (Demography and Social Statistics, Economics and Development Studies, Psychology, Sociology, Peace and Conflict Resolution, Political Science, Mass Communication) * Faculty of Arts / Humanities (Ingilishi da Nazarin Littattafai, Wasanni da Ayyukan Watsa Labarai, Tarihi da Dangantaka ta Duniya, Harshe) * Faculty of Science (Animal and Environmental Biology, Biochemistry, Geology, Computer Science, Geophysics, Industrial Chemistry, Mathematics, Microbiology, Physics, Plant Science and Biotechnology, Chemistry), Environmental Management da Toxicology) * Ma'aikatar Ilimi (Ilimi na manya, Ilimi na lissafi, Ilimi ta Turanci, Ilimi da Ilimin Halitta, Ilimin Kimiyya, Ilimi, Ilimi a Kasuwanci, Ilimi Aikin Gona, da Gudanar da Ilimi) Tare da jimlar yawan mutane 4000, 2022/2023 zaman * Ma'aikatar Gudanarwa (Aƙididdiga, Kudi, Gudanar da Jama'a, Gudanarwa ta Kasuwanci). * Kwalejin Shari'a * Kwalejin Magunguna * Kwalejin Magunguna (Medicine da Surgery) Jami'ar tana sa ran fara wani bangare a zaman ilimi na gaba, wato; Kimiyya ta Muhalli, wanda sashen ya hada da; Gine-gine, Gine-gine da Gudanar da Gidaje, Bincike da Geoinformatics, Binciken Adadin, Shirye-shiryen Birane da Yankin da ake buƙata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=about federal university,oye-ekiti? |url=https://myschool.ng/index.php/questions/view/school-based-questions/146604 |access-date=2020-01-13 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref> Mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na farko shi ne Chinedu Nebo wanda [[Kayode Soremekun]] ya gaje shi kuma mataimakin shugaban yanzu shi ne Farfesa Abayomi Sunday Fasina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ask a Question - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/questions/view/school-based }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jami'o'in Najeriya|Jerin jami'o'i a Najeriya]] * [[Ilimi a Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Ekiti]] ony8vyz5jhuo7y0rcs0hpqvxn2i5uno 0 151826 891857 878256 2026-08-06T05:23:26Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 891857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{Databox}} '''Kungiyar Masana'antar ATM''' ('''ATMIA'''), asalin Kungiyar Masu Gidan ATM, an kafa ta ne a cikin shekara ta 1997 a Amurka a matsayin Ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta duniya mai zaman kanta don ba da sabis ga masana'antar da ta gina a kusa da ci gaban ATM na duniya. == Tarihi == 'Sassauta kasuwannin bankunan dillalai a Amurka a shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, ya haifar da asarar ikon mallakar na'urorin ATM yayin da aka ba wa masu amfani da na'urorin ATM masu zaman kansu damar yin gasa wajen samar da damar samun kuɗi bayan sa'o'i. Ci gaban wannan kasuwa ya sa Tom Harper da Alan Fryrear suka kafa Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da na'urorin ATM (ATMOA) a ƙarshen 1997 ba tare da ma'aikata ba (sai Harper), babu kasafin kuɗi, kuma kaɗan ne daga cikin membobi. Taron farko na shirye-shiryen ATMOA ya gudana a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1998, a ƙarshen taron Faulkner & Gray Advanced ATM a San Diego, [[California]].[3] Ƙungiyar ta zaɓi Lyle Elias a matsayin sabon shugaba, ta amince da kudirin canza sunansu zuwa Ƙungiyar Masana'antar ATM,[4] ta kafa kwamitoci da dama kuma ta ɗauki matakai don ƙaddamar da taron masana'antar tasu. A shekara ta 2000, Michael Lee ya shiga ATMIA a matsayin babban darakta na Turai kuma a shekara ta 2004, an nada shi babban jami'in zartarwa da memba na kwamitin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2004 |title=Mike Lee named CEO of ATMIA |url=https://www.kioskmarketplace.com/top-100/mike-lee-named-ceo-of-atmia-2/ |publisher=}}</ref> Ci gaban da ke kawo mahalarta masana'antu tare ya haifar da [[New York Times]] ta gano ATMIA a matsayin "babban ƙungiyar kasuwanci" a cikin masana'antar rarraba kuɗi ta duniya a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2003 |title=STEALING THE CODE: Con Men and Cash Machines; Criminals Focus on A.T.M.'s, Weak Link in Banking System |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/03/us/stealing-code-con-men-cash-machines-criminals-focus-atm-s-weak-link-banking.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ATMIA tana da mambobi sama da 8,000 a cikin ƙasashe 66.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership Composition |url=https://www.atmia.com/about-us/membership-composition/ |publisher=}}</ref> Tushen membobin sun haɗa da bankunan da sauran cibiyoyin ajiya, IADs, kamfanonin [[katin biyan kuɗi]], kamfanonin cibiyar sadarwa, kamfanonin ƙirar ATM da masana'antu, da sauran masu ba da sabis masu alaƙa. == Tasirin == [[Fayil:ATMworldwide.png|thumb|Hoton hukuma na Duniya don ATM, 2001 (an yi rajista a matsayin alamar jama'a ta duniya a 2008) ]] ATMIA tana ba da dandalin tattaunawa don batutuwan da suka shafi tsakanin membobin. Wadannan sun hada da batutuwan fasaha kamar daidaita tallafin duniya na tsarin aiki, <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2015 |title=The ATM Industry Association is skipping Windows 8 for Windows 10 |url=https://mspoweruser.com/the-atm-industry-association-is-skipping-to-windows-10/ |publisher=Microsoft News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2015 |title=ATMIA recommends migration to Windows 10 as the new ATM OS |url=http://news.thewindowsclub.com/atmia-recommends-migration-windows-10-new-atm-os-78527/ |publisher=TWCN Tech News}}</ref> inganta takamaiman kayan aikin sadarwar masana'antu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2016 |title=ATM Association Promotes Networking with Online Tool |url=http://associationsnow.com/2016/03/atm-association-promotes-networking-online-tool/ |publisher=Association News}}</ref> ba da shawara kan tsaro na ma'amaloli, <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2016 |title=Malware and skimmers, explosions and hammers: How attackers go after ATMs |url=https://arstechnica.com/security/2016/02/malware-and-skimmers-explosions-and-hammers-how-attackers-go-after-atms/ |publisher=ARS Technica}}</ref> saita ka'idoji na yau da kullun don ba da dama ga mutanen da ke da nakasa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2014 |title=ATMIA publishes new ATM interface recommendations |url=http://www.paymenteye.com/2014/08/14/atmia-publishes-new-atm-interface-recommendations/ |publisher=PaymentEye |access-date=May 20, 2026 |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202090251/https://www.paymenteye.com/2014/08/14/atmia-publishes-new-atm-interface-recommendations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma makomar ATM. [4]<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2012 |title=European ATM Conference & the Cashless Society |url=https://www.lightbluetouchpaper.org/2012/06/12/european-atm-conference-the-cashless-society/ |publisher=Light Blue Touch Paper (Security Research, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge)}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya inganta ma'auni na duniya don tsaro na ATM <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2013 |title=Security Standards Council PIN Transaction Point Interaction |url=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pdfs/PCI_ATM_Security_Guidelines_Info_Supplement.pdf |publisher=Security Standard Council}}</ref> tare da haɗin gwiwar Accenture, sabis na ATM na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 11, 2011 |title=ATMIA Software Governance Checklist now available in Russian |url=http://www.safensoft.com/security.phtml?c=772&id=1723 |publisher=SafenSoft |access-date=May 20, 2026 |archive-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202090246/http://www.safensoft.com/security.phtml?c=772&id=1723 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Value Partners |date=November 5, 2014 |title=ATM Benchmarking Study 2014 and Industry Report |url=http://www.slideshare.net/ValuePartners/atm-benchmarking-study-2014-and-industry-report |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PDF |url=https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-10/Accenture-Banking-ATM-Benchmarking-2016.pdf |publisher= |access-date=2026-05-20 |archive-date=2021-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318091120/https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-10/Accenture-Banking-ATM-Benchmarking-2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana da alhakin tsara alamar "ATM a nan" a duniya, bisa ga gasar kasa da kasa da Andy Kitt ya lashe, tsohon Kamfanin NCR. "Official Global Pictogram for the ATM", an yi rajista a matsayin alamar jama'a ta duniya a 2008 (ISO 7001:PI CF 005). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global ATM Pictogram - NSA - Field Service Solutions |url=http://www.nsa.bz/atm_pictogram.php |publisher= |access-date=2026-05-20 |archive-date=2020-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223171448/http://www.nsa.bz/atm_pictogram.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 7001 |url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:grs:7001:PI_CF_005 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=iso.org}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da James Shepherd-Barron <ref>{{Cite web |title=James Shepherd-Barron - Disaster Risk Management - Coordination and Information Management |url=https://james.shepherd-barron.com/ |website=james.shepherd-barron.com |access-date=2026-05-20 |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106141519/https://james.shepherd-barron.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a kokarin jin kai don sauƙaƙe samar da tsabar kudi da kuma fadada amfani da ATMs na hannu ga wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i da rikice-rikicen siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2016 |title=ATMIA initiative aims to ensure cash access for disaster victims |url=https://www.atmmarketplace.com/blogs/atmia-initiative-aims-to-ensure-cash-access-for-disaster-victims/ |publisher=}}</ref> Membobin ATMIA da daraktoci suna aiki tare don magance batutuwan damuwa na duniya kamar Hare-haren ATM a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a cikin 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2012 |title=ATM Ram-Raiders Thwarted with Raminator |url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/atm-ramraiders-thwarted-with-raminator |access-date=December 22, 2016 |publisher=Radio Australia}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2012 game da ka'idojin karkatar da kuɗi, gami da tsarin ATMs marasa banki a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prenzler |first=Tim |date=2009 |title=Strike Force Piccadilly: a public‐private partnership to stop ATM ram raids |journal=Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management |publisher=Emerald |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=210, 215 and 216 |doi=10.1108/13639510910958145 |s2cid=154483609 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2016 |title=Banking, Issue 24, Evidence - October 17, 2012 |url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/sen/committee/411%5CBANC/24EV-49731-e.HTM |publisher=}}</ref> ATMIA tana wakiltar membobinta a gaban hukumomin kudi <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2014 |title=The Future Of Cash With Mike Lee, ATMIA CEO |url=https://www.yourcash.com/the-future-of-the-atm-industry-with-mike-lee-atmia-ceo/ |publisher=www.yourcash.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2014 |title=In face of mobile money onslaught, Atmia makes pro-cash rallying cry |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/26627/in-face-of-mobile-money-onslaught-atmia-makes-pro-cash-rallying-cry |publisher=Finextra}}</ref> da masu tsarawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2016 |title=Cash is still king but "uneasy lies the head that wears a crown! |url=http://www.bankingtech.com/455552/cash-is-still-king-but-uneasy-lies-the-head-that-wears-a-crown/ |publisher=Banking Technology |access-date=May 20, 2026 |archive-date=September 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901160544/http://www.bankingtech.com/455552/cash-is-still-king-but-uneasy-lies-the-head-that-wears-a-crown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2016 |title=Central bank calls for access to cash to be a legal right in Sweden • NFC World |url=https://www.nfcworld.com/2016/03/21/343432/central-bank-calls-access-cash-legal-right-sweden/ |publisher=}}</ref> kuma yana kusantar 'yan majalisa kai tsaye Wannan ya haɗa da samar da sabis na kuɗi ga waɗanda ke cikin ƙananan kuɗin shiga da sauran masu amfani masu rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2016 |title=ATM Operators Win Supreme Court Ruling |url=http://www.vendingtimes.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=EB79A487112B48A296B38C81345C8C7F&nm=Vending+Features&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=EE3B99B9038D4AF9B7CDD2C39B121205 |publisher=Vending Times }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 29, 2014 |title=ATM Industry Association calls for changes to Reg II |url=https://www.finextra.com/pressarticle/56939/atm-industry-association-calls-for-changes-to-reg-ii |publisher=finextra.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2016 |title=Swedish central bank calls halt on moves to a cashless economy |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/28635/swedish-central-bank-calls-halt-on-moves-to-a-cashless-economy/ |publisher=Finextra}}</ref> Wadannan ayyukan sun hada da karatu kan amfani da takardun banki da tsabar kudi a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2015 |title=Global cash demand outstrips economic growth |url=https://www.atmmarketplace.com/news/global-cash-demand-outstrips-economic-growth-study-shows/ |publisher=ATMmarketplace.com}}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==    == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1n50lqhq0q145nxfemt6odkl2jqqq92 0 152191 892009 839980 2026-08-06T10:27:54Z Abdullahi Tasiu 43336 892009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kogin '''Aras''' {{Efn|{{langx|grc|Αράξης}} {{translit|grc|Aráxēs}} {{IPA|grc|aráksɛːs|}}; {{langx|hy|Արաքս}} {{IPA|hy|ɑˈɾɑkʰs|}}; {{langx|az|Araz}} {{IPA|az|ɑˈɾɑz|}}; {{langx|fa|ارس}} {{IPA|fa|æˈɾæs|}}; {{langx|ka|არაქსი}} {{IPA|ka|aɾakʰsi|}}; {{langx|os|Аракс}} {{IPA|os|aˈrakʂ|}}; {{langx|tr|Aras}}}} wani kogi ne mai iyaka a yankin Caucasus . Yana tashi a gabashin [[Turkiyya]] kuma yana gudana a kan iyakokin Turkiyya da [[Armeniya|Armenia]], tsakanin Turkiyya da yankin Nakhchivan na [[Azerbaijan]], tsakanin [[Iran]] da Azerbaijan da Armenia, kuma, a ƙarshe, ta hanyar Azerbaijan inda yake kwarara zuwa kogin Kura a matsayin magudanar ruwa ta dama. Yana kwarara a gefen kudu na tsaunukan Ƙananan Caucasus, yayin da Kura ke kwarara a gefen arewa na Ƙananan Caucasus. Jimillar tsawon kogin shine {{Cvt|1072|km|mi}} kuma [[Ruwan ruwa|yankin ruwansa]] ya ƙunshi yanki na {{Cvt|102000|km2|mi2}} . Aras yana ɗaya daga cikin koguna mafi tsayi a Caucasus. == Sunaye == A zamanin da, Girkawa sun san kogin da '''Araxes''' ( Greek ). Sunan Armeniya na zamani shine ''Arax'' ko ''Araks'' ( Armenian ). A tarihi, ana kiransa {{Transl|xcl|Eraskh}} ( Old Armenian , {{Transl|hy|Yeraskh}} a cikin lafazin zamani) na Armeniya kuma tsohon sunan Georgian shine ''Rakhsi'' ( {{Lang|sk|რახსი}} ) A Azerbaijan, ana kiran kogin ''Araz'', yayin da a [[Turkanci|Turkiyya]] ake kiransa ''Aras'' . A cikin [[Farisawa|Farisanci]] da Kurdanci sunansa {{Lang|fa|ارس}} ( ''Arasu'' ). == Yanayin ƙasa == Ana samun goyon bayan Aras ta hanyar rafin Kocagün, rafin Dallı da rafin Orman daga tsaunukan Bingöl a kan iyakokin gundumar Varto, waɗanda suka haɗu da shi a kusa da ƙauyen Kırıkhan na gundumar Tekman . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erzurum Mülkî İdare İl Haritası |url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files/products/erzurum-mulk-idare-il-haritasi-1423.pdf |website=harita.gov.tr |publisher=Harita Genel Müdürlüğü |page=1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bingöl Dağları |url=https://www.dogadernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/dog016-bingol-daglari-onemli-doga-alanlari-kitabi.pdf |website=dogadernegi.org |publisher=Doğa Derneği |page=1}}</ref> Duwatsun Aras suna kewaye da shi daga kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aras Vadisi |url=https://www.dogadernegi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/dog027-aras-vadisi-onemli-doga-alanlari-kitabi.pdf |website=dogadernegi.org |publisher=Doğa Derneği |page=1}}</ref> Aras suna haɗuwa da Kogin Akhuryan a kudu maso gabashin Digor . Daga Digor suna kwarara tare da iyakar Armenia da Turkiyya, sannan suna tafiya kusa da hanyar da ta haɗa Turkiyya da yankin Nakhchivan na [[Azerbaijan]], kuma suna ci gaba tare da iyakar Iran-Armeniya da Iran-Azerbaijani. <ref name="IE">{{Cite web |title=Araxes River |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517013151/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river |archive-date=17 May 2018 |access-date=3 May 2018 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]}}</ref> Aras suna samun abinci daga manyan magudanan ruwa da dama, ciki har da Arpa Çayı (wanda aka fi sani da Akhuryan), wanda kuma ke tattara ruwan daga Kogin Kars da Tafkin Çıldır da ke Turkiyya, Kogin Hrazdan, wanda ke kwarara zuwa Tafkin Sevan a Armenia, da kuma Qareh Sū, wanda ya samo asali daga Dutsen Sabalān a arewa maso gabashin Azerbaijan na Iran. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aras River {{!}} river, Asia {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Aras-River |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Etymology da tarihi == [[Fayil:Aras_River_in_Persian_(IRAN)_Empire_1747_map.JPG|alt=A map of the Aras from 1747.|thumb|260x260px|Kogin Aras a Daular Farisa a taswira daga 1747]] [[Fayil:A_drawing_by_the_Russian_painter_Grigory_Grigorievich_Gagarin_(1810-1893)_of_a_young_Kurdish_notable_with_his_advisor_and_his_tribe_while_passing_through_Aras_River.jpg|thumb|Wani matashi ɗan [[Kurdawa]] mai suna tare da mai ba shi shawara da ƙabilarsa da ke ketare Kogin Aras.]] A al'adar Armeniya, an sanya wa kogin suna ne bayan [[wiktionary:Արաստ|Arast]], jikan jikan babban basaraken Armeniya Haik . Daga baya an mayar da sunan Hellenized zuwa ''Araxes'' kuma an yi amfani da shi ga al'adun Kura-Araxes, mutanen da suka yi fice a kwarurukan Kura da Aras. An kuma ambaci kogin a babi na ƙarshe na ''Aeneid'' VIII na Virgil, a matsayin "mai fushi da gadar," tun lokacin da Romawa suka gina gada a kansa don a ci shi da yaƙi. An danganta kogin Aras da kogunan Littafi Mai Tsarki Gihon da Pishon . Robert H. Hewsen ya bayyana Aras a matsayin "kogi na gaskiya" kawai na Armeniya kuma a matsayin "Uwar Araxes," alamar alfahari ga mutanen Armeniya. A cewar wani tatsuniya da [[Strabo]] ya ambata, a zamanin da, kogin Araxes da ke [[Armeniya|Armenia]] ba shi da kwararar ruwa zuwa [[Tekun Caspian]], amma ya bazu a fili kuma ya samar da tafki ba tare da kwararar ruwa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 14 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198:book=11:chapter=14&highlight=plains |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730115443/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text%3Fdoc%3DPerseus:text:1999.01.0198:book%3D11:chapter%3D14%26highlight%3Dplains |archive-date=2019-07-30 |access-date=2018-01-15 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> A shekara ta 589 a zamanin [[Daular Sasanian|Sasanian]], kogin ya kasance wurin yaƙi tsakanin Farisawa da [[Daular Rumawa|Byzantines]] . A zamanin Musulunci, an san Araxes a cikin harshen Larabci da '''al-Rass''' (ba za a rikita shi da Ar Rass na zamani ba) kuma a cikin mahallin Perso-Turkiyya da '''Aras''' . <ref name="IE">{{Cite web |title=Araxes River |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517013151/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river |archive-date=17 May 2018 |access-date=3 May 2018 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river "Araxes River"]. [[Encyclopædia Iranica]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517013151/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/araxes-river Archived] from the original on 17 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A tarihin zamani, Aras ta sami mahimmanci a matsayin iyaka ta siyasa ta yanki. A ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar Gulistan da Yarjejeniyar Turkmenchay, an zaɓi kogin a matsayin iyaka tsakanin Daular Rasha da Qajar Iran, yayin da aka tilasta wa Rasha mika yankunan Caucasian nata. Saboda waɗannan canje-canjen kan iyaka na ƙarni na 19, wani tsari na zamani, wanda ba a yarda da shi sosai ba, ya jawo Kogin Aras a matsayin layin iyaka tsakanin Turai da Asiya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Caucasus |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Caucasus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504123439/https://www.britannica.com/place/Caucasus |archive-date=2020-05-04 |access-date=2019-09-10}}</ref> A tsakanin shekarun 1963-1970, Iran da [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] sun gina madatsar ruwa ta Aras kusa da birnin Nakhchivan na Azerbaijan, inda suka samar da madatsar ruwa ta Aras. A tsakanin shekarun 1999-2008, Iran ta gina madatsar ruwa ta Khoda Afarin kusa da gadar Khudafarin mai tarihi, inda ta samar da [[Khoda Afarin Reservoir|madatsar ruwa ta Khoda Afarin]], da kuma madatsar ruwa ta Giz Galasi 12&nbsp;kilomita a ƙarƙashin kogin, suna ƙirƙirar madatsar ruwa ta Giz Galasi . Iran da Armenia suna shirin gina madatsar ruwa ta Meghri kusa da garin Meghri na Armenia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2012 |title=News: Meghry Power Plant Kicks off |url=http://en.iwpco.ir/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=151 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313020814/http://en.iwpco.ir/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=151 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |publisher=Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co.}}</ref> == Kwarin Aras == A shekarar 2006, KuzeyDoğa, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Turkiyya don kare yanayi, ta kafa cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta tsuntsaye a kwarin Aras da ke ƙauyen Yukarı Çıyrıklı, a gundumar Tuzluca da ke Lardin Iğdır, Turkiyya. Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin sauro biyu na tsuntsaye na Turkiyya da ke ci gaba da aiki kowace shekara. Tsakanin 2006 da 2021, an yi wa tsuntsaye sama da 145,000 na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 201 zobe, kuma an lura da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 306 a wannan tasha. Kashi sittin da uku cikin ɗari na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 489 da aka samu a Turkiyya an rubuta su a wannan dausayi, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ƙasa mafi wadata a gabashin Turkiyya ga tsuntsaye. Adadin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 306 da aka yi wa zobe da aka lura sun ƙunshi 90&nbsp;Kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na nau'ikan tsuntsaye 340 a Lardin Iğdır, lardin Turkiyya mafi wadata a fannin tsuntsaye. An lura da sabbin nau'ikan tsuntsaye guda bakwai a lokacin ayyukan ƙarar tsuntsaye a shekarar 2012 kaɗai, ciki har da ɗan rago Shikra, ko Little Banded Goshawk ( ''Accipiter badius'' ), wanda sabo ne ga avifauna na Turkiyya. Wani farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu a Jami'ar Utah kuma shugaban ƙungiyar KuzeyDoğa, Çağan Şekercioğlu, ya yi kira ga Ma'aikatar Kula da Daji da Ruwa da ta yi watsi da aikin Madatsar Ruwa ta Tuzluca, wanda zai lalata dausayin da ke ɗauke da namun daji na tsuntsaye a kwarin Aras. A shekarar 2013, ma'aikatar ta ba wurin matsayi mafi girma na kiyayewa (Yankin Kare Yanayi). ==manazarta== rzpqu4ui9z5odyb4roxtc52zsbrl1bz 0 152636 891872 889700 2026-08-06T05:31:33Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ana '''samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Morocco''' ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar masu gudanar da ayyukan gwamnati na ƙasa da na yanki. Samar da ayyukan yi ya fuskanci gagarumin sauyi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda kamfanonin gwamnati masu ayyuka da yawa na yanki (SRM) suka maye gurbin kamfanonin haya masu zaman kansu da kamfanonin samar da ayyukan yi na birni. Wadannan kamfanonin yanki suna da alhakin rarraba ruwa, wutar lantarki da sabis na tsabta a matakin yanki. A layi daya, Ofishin Lantarki da Ruwa mai sha na Kasa (ONEE) ya kasance babban dan wasan kwaikwayo, musamman a cikin samar da ruwa mai yawa, samarwa ga masu aiki na gida, da samar da sabis a cikin ƙananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara. Samun damar samar da ruwa ya inganta sosai tun farkon shekarun 2000, yayin da ci gaba a cikin tsaftacewa ya kasance a hankali. Ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman iyakantaccen matakin [[Maganin shara a ruwa|Maganin ruwa mai guba]], rashin haɗin gida a wasu yankunan birane masu karamin kuɗi, da kuma dorewar wasu tsarin karkara. A mayar da martani, hukumomin gwamnati sun aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kasa da yawa. Shirin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa, wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekara ta 2005, yana da niyyar fadada ikon kula da ruwa mai guba da inganta ɗaukar ruwa a cikin birane. An kuma yi ƙoƙari don fadada damar samun ruwa da ayyukan tsabtace muhalli ga marasa galihu, musamman ta hanyar Ci gaban Dan Adam na Kasa. == Ma'adanai na ruwa == === Ma'adanai na ruwa na al'ada === Maroko tana da kimanin Cubic mita biliyan 22 na albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa na al'ada a kowace shekara daidai da cubic mita 730 / babban mutum / shekara. Kafin la'akari da shekarun fari na shekarun 1990s da 2000s an kiyasta jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa sun fi girma a kusan mita cubic biliyan 29 Koyaya, kawai har zuwa mita cubic miliyan 20 a kowace shekara za a iya kama su ta hanyar tattalin arziki (ma'adanai masu amfani), gami da m3 biliyan 16 na ruwa da m3 na ruwa na ƙasa biliyan 4. Maroko tana da madatsun ruwa kusan 100 na girma daban-daban tare da jimlar damar ajiya na cubic mita biliyan 15. An kiyasta cewa a shekara ta 2004 an janye kimanin m3 biliyan 13.5, ko kuma kimanin kashi 67% na albarkatun da ke akwai. Kashi 83% na janyewar sun kasance don noma da kuma kashi 17% don amfani da birni da masana'antu. Koyaya, albarkatun ruwa ba a raba su daidai a sarari da lokaci ba, tare da mafi yawan albarkatun ruwan da ke Arewa da ruwan sama da aka iyakance ga hunturu. Bugu da kari, ingancin albarkatun ruwa ya lalace ta hanyar gurɓata, musamman a cikin tafkin Sebou. [[Fayil:Village_atlas.jpeg|thumb|300x300px|Snowpack a cikin Dutsen Atlas, inda mafi yawan manyan koguna a Maroko suke da tushe, suna ba da muhimmiyar ajiya ga albarkatun ruwa]] Maroko ta kasu kashi bakwai na manyan koguna da kuma wasu ƙananan koguna. Manyan tafkuna bakwai daga Arewa zuwa Kudu sune Kogin Loukkos, Kogin Moulouya, Kogin Sebou, Kogin Bou Regreg, Kogin Oum Er-Rbia, Kogin [[Kogin Tensift|Tensift]] da kwarin Souss-Massa-Drâa. Sai dai Kogin Loukkos, duk waɗannan koguna sun samo asali ne daga Dutsen Atlas. Akwai 'yan canjin ruwa a cikin Maroko, mafi mahimmanci shine tashar Rocade daga tafkin Oum Er-Rbia zuwa tafkin Tensift kusa da [[Marrakesh]], canja wuri daga kusa da bakin Oum er-Rbia til Casablanca da canja wuri daga Kogin Bouregreg kuma zuwa Casablanca. Akwai shirye-shiryen gwaji don babban aikin canja wurin ruwa na arewa maso kudu tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin jigilar kusan 2.74 miliyan cubic mita / rana (0.75 biliyan m3/shekara) sama da kilomita 500-600 daga tafkin Sebou River zuwa tafkin Tensift mai matsin ruwa.&nbsp; Amfani da ruwa don amfani da birni da masana'antu ya kasance kusan 2.28 biliyan m3 a cikin 2003, wanda 0.7 biliyan m 3 (31%) ya fito ne daga ruwan kasa da 1.58 biliyan m6 (69%) daga ruwan sama. Ana amfani da albarkatun ruwa a wasu sassan kasar, musamman a yankin Sous-Massa a Kudu inda ban ruwa shine babban mai amfani da ruwa. === Magani da sake amfani da ruwa === Zuwa yanzu akwai iyakataccen shirin sake amfani da ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi a Morocco, ganin cewa kashi 21% ne kawai na ruwan da aka tattara ke shan magani. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2009, akwai cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara sama da 100 a Maroko, galibi suna hidimar ƙananan da matsakaitan garuruwa da ke cikin gida ko kuma a ƙasar. Ƙananan hukumomi ne suka gina cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara na farko a Maroko ta amfani da fasahohi iri-iri. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin kuɗi da fasaha na waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi, kusan dukkan waɗannan cibiyoyin tace ruwan shara 28 sun daina aiki jim kaɗan bayan an kammala su. Wannan ya haifar da shawarar a shekara ta 2000 a hankali a mayar da alhakin tsaftace muhalli a ƙananan garuruwa zuwa ga kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙasa ONEP. A shekara ta 2009, na biyun ya gina ko kuma yana cikin aikin gina masana'antu 43, galibi ta amfani da fasahar [[Tafkunan dake daidaita shara|daidaita tafkin]], amma kuma injin tace ruwa ɗaya da aka kunna da kuma wasu masana'antun [[Tace madara|tace ruwa]] . Tarihin sarrafa waɗannan masana'antun ya fi na masana'antun da ƙananan hukumomi ke sarrafawa, wani ɓangare saboda fasahar da ta fi yawa - tafkunan daidaita - ba sa buƙatar wutar lantarki. Ƙananan kuɗin aikin sa ya sa ya zama ƙasa da matsala idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi na aiki. A manyan birane, ƙananan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na birni (Régies) ne kawai ke gudanar da tashoshin tace ruwan shara. Tarihinsu na sarrafa su ya bambanta: Wata masana'anta da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Agadir ke gudanarwa tana aiki da kyau, yayin da masana'antun da kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Beni Mellal da Nador ke gudanarwa ba sa aiki. Waɗannan masana'antun suna amfani da fasahar laka da aka kunna wadda ke buƙatar wutar lantarki. Kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Marakkesh yana gina wani babban masana'anta a shekarar 2009, kuma kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Fez yana cikin shirin neman kamfanin. Wannan tsari ya fuskanci koma-baya lokacin da hukumar ci gaban Faransa AFD da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai suka janye tallafin da suke bayarwa ga kamfanin, suna masu cewa rashin girmama hanyoyin bayar da wutar lantarki a matsayin dalilin hakan. === Tsarkake Ruwan Teku === Maroko tana kara mai da hankali kan tsarkake ruwan teku domin biyan bukatun ruwan sha, masana’antu da hakar ma’adinai. A shekarar 2009, ''Secrétariat d'État chargé de l'Eau et de l'Environnement'' ta kammala wani bincike kan tsarkake ruwa, wanda ya hango gina babban tashar tsarkake ruwa a yankin Casablanca mai iya samar da kusan m3 685,000 a rana (m3 miliyan 250 a shekara), fiye da kashi 10% na amfani da ruwan birane a Maroko.<ref name="Desal"/> A watan Mayu 2014, hukumar ONEE ta rattaba hannu kan kwangilar [[Build-Operate-Transfer]] don gina tashar tsarkake ruwan teku ta hanyar [[reverse osmosis]] a Agadir mai iya samar da m3 100,000 a rana. An yi kwangilar ne da haɗin gwiwar kamfanin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] Abengoa Water da asusun zuba jari InfraMaroc. Shirin ya dauki shekaru bakwai ana shiryawa, kuma Abengoa-led consortium ne kadai ya yi tayin saboda sauran kamfanoni sun ga aikin a matsayin mai cike da hadari.<ref>{{cite web|title=Agadir paves way for PPP in Moroccan desal|publisher=Global Water Intelligence, July 2014|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> A watan Yuni 2025, ''Yabiladi'' ta ruwaito cewa yankin [[Casablanca-Settat]] na shigar da na’urorin tsarkake da rage gishirin ruwa guda 28 domin magance matsalar karancin ruwa. An riga an kaddamar da goma sha bakwai, tare da jimillar jarin da ya kai miliyan 400 dirhams (272 daga gwamnati, 128 daga yankin). Wannan shiri, wanda Kamfanin Multiservice na Yanki ke jagoranta, yana cike gibin manyan ayyuka kamar canja wurin ruwan Sebou–Bouregreg da kuma shirin tashar Casablanca, wadda za ta rufe kashi 80% na bukatun ruwan sha na yankin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 17, 2025 |title=Casablanca-Settat to launch 28 desalination stations to combat water shortage |work=Yabiladi}}</ref> == Samun Ruwa == A shekarar 2011, kashi 82% na al'ummar ƙasar Maroko suna da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa. Musamman, wannan yana nufin cewa kashi 59% na mutanen Maroko suna da famfon ruwa a cikin gidajensu ko a cikin farfajiyar gidansu.<ref name="JMP 2013">{{cite web|title=Data & Estimates for Morocco|url=http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/|publisher=Joint Monitoring Programme for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF|access-date=22 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209002836/http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/|archive-date=9 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2004, ga kashi 11% babban tushen samar da ruwansu shine famfon taron jama'a na gari, sannan ga kashi 5.6% kuma rijiya ce mai kariya. Kashi 1.5% na mutanen Maroko, musamman a yankunan karkara, sun dogara ne akan tatar ruwan sama a matsayin babban tushen ruwansu. Kashi 7% kuma suna diban ruwa ne daga idanun ruwa (bambaloli). Rabon wadannan idanun ruwan, wadanda ke samarwa kashi 3.5% na al'umma ruwa, an kiyasta cewa suna da kariya. Duk wadannan madatsun ruwa da aka ambata a sama Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tana daukarsu a matsayin ingantattun hanyoyin samun ruwa, wanda hakan ya kawo jimillar zuwa kashi 82%.<ref name="JMP Water">WHO/UNICEF:Joint Monitoring Program for Water and Sanitation:[http://documents.wssinfo.org/download?id_document=1083 Coverage Estimates for Improved Drinking Water]{{dead link|date=September 2010}}, 2008, quoting a 2003-04 survey on population and family health (''Enquête sur la Population et la Santé Familiale'') of the Pan-Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM)</ref> Kashi 18% na al'umma ba su da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa. Wannan rabo ya kasu kamar haka: Kashi 1%, a cikin birane da karkara, suna amfani da ruwan motar dako (tanker) a matsayin babban tushen ruwansu. Kashi 7% suna diban ruwa ne daga rijiyoyin taron jama'a marasa kariya, sannan kashi 4% daga rijiyoyin kashin kansu marasa kariya a cikin gida ko farfajiyar gida. Kashi 2.5% suna diban ruwansu ne kai tsaye daga koguna da budaddun madatsun ruwa. An kuma kiyasta cewa wasu kashi 3.5% suna amfani da idon ruwa mara kariya a matsayin babban tushen samar da ruwansu, ta yadda a fadin kasar gaba daya kashi 18% na al'umma ba su da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa.<ref name="JMP Water"/> [[File:Atlas, Dades river, loundry.jpg|thumb|400px|A yankunan karkara mata suna wankin tufafi, kamar yadda aka nuna a nan akan Kogin Dades. Tare da karuwar samun ruwan famfo da famfon taron jama'a, wannan al'ada ta ragu sosai]] {|class="wikitable" |- ! RUWA ! Birane ! Karkara ! Jimilla |- | Famfo a cikin gida | 82.6% | 18.1% | 58.3% |- | Famfo a farfajiyar gida | 2.6% | 1.7% | 2.2% |- | Ruwan gwangwani/Gwalba | 0.6% | 0.3% | 0.5% |- | Famfon taron jama'a | 10.8% | 11% | 10.9% |- | Rijiyoyi masu kariya | 0.8% | 13.5% | 5.6% |- | Budaddun rijiyoyi | 1% | 26.6% | 10.7% |- | Idon ruwa (Bambalo) <ref>Hukumar hadin gwiwa ta WHO/UNICEF don sa ido kan samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli ta kiyasta cewa rabin dukkan idanun ruwa na da kariya, kuma wannan rabin za a iya daukarsa a matsayin ingantaccen tushen ruwa.</ref> | 0.9% | 17.2% | 7.1% |- | Kogi ko rafi | 0.0% | 5.4% | 2.0% |- | Madatsar ruwa ta madaba | 0.0% | 0.3% | 0.1% |- | Tatar ruwan sama | 0.0% | 4.0% | 1.5% |- | Motar tankar ruwa | 0.6% | 1.5% | 0.9% |- | Sauransu | 0.1% | 0.4% | 0.2% |- | JIMILLA | 100% | 100% | 100% |} Tushe: ''Enquête sur la Population et la Santé Familiale'' (Binciken Al'umma da Lafiyar Iyali) 2004.<ref>EPSF, Morocco 2003/2004 (PAPFAM)</ref> Game da tsaftar muhalli, kashi 83% na al'ummar birane da kashi 52% na al'ummar karkara suna da damar amfani da ingantaccen ginin banɗaki a shekarar 2011. Kashi 14% na al'ummar birane suna amfani da banɗakin tarayya, wanda ba a lasafta shi a matsayin ingantaccen tsarin tsaftar muhalli ba. Kashi 6% na al'ummar karkara kuma suna amfani da banɗakin tarayya, sannan an kiyasta cewa kashi 38% suna yin bayan gari ne a sarari.<ref name="JMP 2013"/> Mafi fama da rashin samun tsarin tsaftar muhalli sune matalauta: Wani binciken Bankin Duniya na shekarar 2004 ya bayyana cewa "Ayyukan magudanar ruwa sun gaza gaba daya a yankunan da ke kewaye da biranen tsaka-tsaki. Shiyyoyin marasa galihu da ke warwatse a manyan birane su ma an hana su damar shiga tsarin tara tuka-tuka da magudanar ruwa, lamarin da ke kara hadarin lafiya da kuma sanya musu laccar talauci a wadannan unguwanni."<ref>World Bank:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 17 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> == Kyawun Sabis == Samar da ruwa yana gudana babu kakkautawa a kusan dukkanin matsakaita da manyan birane.<ref>World Bank:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 70 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> A birnin Layoune, wanda kamfanin tatar ruwan teku ke yi wa hidima amma ba shi da isasshen karfin da zai wadatar da daukacin birnin, samar da ruwa yana rarrabuwa ne lokaci-lokaci a shekarar 2010. Kashi 21 kacal na tuka-tukan da aka tara ake tacewa kafin a zubar da su a cikin muhalli.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} == Tarihi da Abubuwan da Suka Faru Kwanan Nan == === Samar da Ayyuka na Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu Lokacin Mulkin Kare Hakki === Lokacin mulkin kare hakki na Faransa a Maroko, tun daga shekarar 1912, harkar samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a manyan birane da yawa a Maroko ana gudanar da su ne a karkashin yarjejeniya da kamfani mai zaman kansa na ''Société Marocaine de Distribution d'eau, de gaz et d'electricité'' (SMD). SMD, wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa karkashin jagorancin Lyonnaise des Eaux, ya ba da ayyuka a Casablanca, Rabat, Salé, Tangier da Meknes. Tun daga shekarar 1950, SMD ya kuma gudanar da wani muhimmin aikin jigilar ruwa mai yawa: Samar da ruwa daga kogin Oum er-Rbia zuwa Casablanca. Samar da ruwa mai yawa ga sauran biranen da ba su da ikon wadatar da kansu daga tushen ruwan gida ya kasance alhakin wani kamfani na gwamnati ne da ake kira ''Régie d'exploitation industrielle du protectorat'' (REIP) wanda aka kafa a farkon shekarun 1930.<ref name="Miras">Claude de Miras and Xavier Godard:[http://www.cairn.info/revue-mediterranee-2006-1-p-113.htm Les firmes concessionnaires de service public au Maroc:eau potable, assainissement et transport collectifs], in:Méditerrannée, No. 106 (2006), p. 114-117</ref> Don haka, an riga an kafa harsashin muhimman abubuwa guda biyu na fannin ruwa da tsaftar muhalli na yau - yarjejeniyoyin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu don raba ruwa a manyan birane da kuma kamfanin gwamnati na kasa don samar da ruwa mai yawa - tun lokacin mulkin kare hakki. === Mayar da Kamfanoni ga Gwamnati Bayan Samun 'Yancin Kai === Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1956, an mayar da tsarin raba ruwa karkashin ikon gwamnati kuma aka mika su ga kamfanonin gwamnati a manyan birane, wadanda ake kira ''Régies''. Tsarin samar da ruwa mai yawa daga Kogin Oum Er-Rbia zuwa Casablanca ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun kamfani mai zaman kansa SMD.<ref name="Miras"/> An amintar da samar da ruwa mai yawa a sauran sassan kasar ga sabon kamfanin ruwa na kasa da aka kafa a shekarar 1972, wato ''Office National de l'Eau Potable'' (ONEP).<ref>Office National de l'Eau Potable:[http://www.onep.org.ma/ Présentation ONEP]. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> === Sabuwar Dokar Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa da Shirin Ruwan Karkara (1995) === A shekarar 1995, an fito da wata sabuwar '''Dokar Ruwa''' mai fadi (Loi 10-95). Da nufin sauya fifikon gudanar da albarkatun ruwa daga fadada samarwa zuwa gudanar da bukatu, an dauki hakan a matsayin "sauyin alkibla" a wancan lokacin. Ta hango matakan inganta amfani da ruwa cikin hikima, mafi kyawun rabon albarkatun ruwa da kuma kiyaye ingancin ruwa ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar mai amfani ke biya da kuma ka'idar mai gurbatawa ke biya. Dokar ta kuma ba da kariya ta shari'a don kafa hukumomin dausayin koguna don gudanar da albarkatun ruwa cikin hadin gwiwa, sakamakon koyi da misalan irin wadannan hukumomi a kasashen Faransa da Spain, da ma wasu kasashen. A shekarar 1996, aka kafa hukumar Oum Er-Rbia a matsayin hukumar dausayi ta farko a Maroko. A shekarar 2000, aka kafa hukumomi a sauran manyan dausayin kasar guda shida. Sai dai hukumomin dausayin sun dauki shekaru da dama kuma har yanzu sun kasance kungiyoyi masu rauni. Fiye da shekaru goma bayan kafa dokar, har yanzu ba a aiwatar da ita sosai ba. <ref name="LES AGENCES DE BASSINS HYDRAULIQUES">Ministère de l'Equipement et du Transport:[http://www.mtpnet.gov.ma/dgh/loi_instit/agences.htm LES AGENCES DE BASSINS HYDRAULIQUES] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501145559/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=2009-05-01 }}. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> Haka kuma a shekarar 1995, gwamnati ta kaddamar da wani gagarumin '''Shirin Samar da Ruwa na Karkara''' (''Programme d'approvisionnement groupé en eau potable des populations rurales'' - PAGER) don fuskantar kalubalen karancin samun ruwan sha a yankunan karkara. An gudanar da shirin ne ta hannun ONEP, wanda aka fadada alhakinsa daga birane zuwa karkara ta hanyar shirin (duba kuma a kasa karkashin sabbin hanyoyin dabarun aiki da kyakkyawan aiki na kasa da kasa). === Mayar da Harkar Ruwa ga Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu a Karshen Shekarun 1990 === Kamar yadda ''Régie'' dake hidimtawa Casablanca ke da karancin tarihin bajinta na ayyuka, gwamnati ta yanke shawara a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 na shigo da kamfani mai zaman kansa don gudanar da tsarin ruwa, magudanar ruwa da na wutar lantarki na birnin. Wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa mai suna Lydec, karkashin jagorancin Lyonnaise des Eaux (yanzu SUEZ), aka ba shi yarjejeniyar shekaru 30 ba tare da an yi takarar neman aikin ba a shekarar 1997. Yarjejeniyar Casablanca ta bude hanya ga sauran yarjejeniyoyi na gaba a Rabat, Tangier da Tetouan. Yayin da aka ba da yarjejeniyar Rabat kai tsaye ga Vivendi a shekarar 1998, yarjejeniyoyin Tangier da Tetouan an ba da su ne a shekarar 2002 bayan an yi gasar neman aiki ga Amendis, wani reshe na Vivendi. A shekarar 2000, an sabunta yarjejeniyar farko ta shekaru 50 ta SMD, wani reshe na Lyonnaise, don samar da ruwa mai yawa ga Casablanca.<ref name="Miras"/> === Shirin Tsaftar Muhalli na Kasa === A shekarar 2000, an yi wa Dokar ONEP kwaskwarima don hadawa da tsaftar muhalli (magudanar ruwa da tatar tuka-tuka) a cikin tsarin ONEP. A lokaci guda, an fara gabatar da kudaden harajin tuka-tuka (''redevance d'assainissement''), duk da cewa a matakin kasa-kasa na kasa da Dirham 1 kowane m3, kuma an kafa wani matsakaicin shirin tallafi. A shekarar 2005, an karfafa wannan manufar ta hanyar babban Shirin Tsaftar Muhalli na Kasa (''Programme National d'Assainissement'' - PNA). === Kafa ONEE Ta Hanyar Hadewar ONEP da ONE === Yayin da aka yi garambawul ga majalisar ministoci bayan zabe a shekarar 2007, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ruwa a gefe guda, da Ma'aikatar Makamashi da Ma'adinai a gefe guda, an hade su zuwa "Babban Ma'aikatar" guda daya. A cikin Ma'aikatar, Sakataren Jiha ya ci gaba da kula da ruwa da muhalli. An kafa Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ruwa ne a shekarar 2002, inda ta tattara ayyukan da a da can suke warwatse a ma'aikatu da dama. A shekarar 2009, Majalisar Ministoci ta amince da wani kudirin doka (''Loi 40 09'') wanda ya hango kawance na musamman (''regroupement'') tsakanin ONEP da kamfanin wutar lantarki na kasa wato ONE. Manufar ita ce a tsawaita tanadin kudi na gudanarwa wajen tura takardun kudi da gyare-gyare, wadanda aka riga aka cimma a cikin yarjejeniyoyi da ''Regies'' a manyan birane, zuwa sauran yankunan kasar. Kudirin ya samo asali ne daga shawarwarin garambawul da aka gabatar a bincike daban-daban, gami da wanda kamfanin ba da shawara kan gudanarwa na McKinsey ya gudanar don Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida a shekarar 2004.<ref>La Vie Eco:[http://www.lavieeco.com/economie/14582-lydec-amendis-redal%E2%80%A6-le-modele-multiservice-duplique-dans-toutes-les-regions-du-royaume.html Lydec, Amendis, Rédal…, le modèle multiservice dupliqué dans toutes les régions du Royaume] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100101145901/http://www.lavieeco.com/economie/14582-lydec-amendis-redal%E2%80%A6-le-modele-multiservice-duplique-dans-toutes-les-regions-du-royaume.html |date=2010-01-01 }}, September 21, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> A watan Satumban 2011, Majalisar Dokoki ta amince da kudirin kuma aka kafa sabuwar hukumar, wato ''Office National de l'Electricité et de l'Eau Potable'' (ONEE). Tsohon ONEP ya zama "bangaren ruwa" na hukumar.<ref>{{cite web|title=L'ONE et l'ONEP fusionnent sous la bannière de l'ONEE|date=23 September 2011 |url=http://www.labass.net/1520-lone-et-lonep-fusionnent-sous-la-banniere-de-l%E2%80%99onee.html|publisher=Labass.net|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref> == Kyawawan Ayyuka na Duniya da Sabbin Hanyoyin Dabarun Aiki == Daga cikin ayyuka daban-daban na samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a Maroko da aka kaddamar a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shirin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli na karkara wato PAGER a matsayin kyakkyawan aiki na koyi a matakin kasa da kasa. Bugu da kari, an kaddamar da wani sabon shirin tallafi na musamman mai dogaro da sakamakon aiki (output-based aid) a shekarar 2007 domin fadada damar samun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. === Shirin Samar da Ruwa na Karkara (PAGER) === A shekarar 2004, shirin samar da ruwa na karkara na kasa wato PAGER ya karbi lambar yabon hidimar al'umma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (United Nations Public Service Award) a rukunin inganta sakamakon hidimar al'umma. Shirin ya dogara ne akan manyan ka'idoji guda biyu: amfani da sauƙaƙan fasahar zamani da kuma shigar da wadanda za su amfana da shirin a duk matakan aikin, tun daga tantance buƙatu, tsara aiki, aiwatarwa, har zuwa auna sakamako. Shirin wanda aka kiyasta zai ci dala biliyan 1 kuma aka kaddamar da shi a shekarar 1995, yana da nufin tallafawa mutane miliyan 12 zuwa shekarar 2010. Shirin ya rage wa mata da yara wahalar dako da gano ruwa.<ref>United Nations:[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/6071058/UNITED-NATIONS-PUBLIC-SERVICE-AWARDS-CEREMONY-AND-AD-HOC UN Public Service Award Ceremony, Report of the Second Award Ceremony, 23 June 2004, New York]. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> Wani binciken kima da Bankin Duniya ya yi a shekarar 2001 ya nuna cewa adadin shigar yara makaranta a yankunan da suka amfana da shirin ya karu da kashi 16%.<ref>Abdelbikr Zahoud, Secretary of State for Water:[http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan017151.pdf Presentation of PAGER at the UN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227035251/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan017151.pdf |date=2012-02-27 }}, 2004, Slide 18. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> Bisa ga bayanan hukuma da rahotanni daga kafofin yada labaran Maroko, PAGER ya habaka damar samun ruwa a yankunan karkara daga kashi 14% a shekarar 1995 zuwa kashi 61% a shekarar 2004, da kuma kashi 77% a shekarar 2006.<ref>Aujourd'hui le Maroc:[http://www.aujourdhui.ma/entreprise-details40053.html Pager : de l’eau potable pour tous] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214030807/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/entreprise-details40053.html |date=2010-02-14 }}. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref><ref>Secretary of State for Water:[http://www.water.gov.ma/03programmes/ameliorations-pager.htm AMELIORATIONS APPORTEES PAR LE PAGER]. Retrieved October 21, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001071058/http://www.water.gov.ma/03programmes/ameliorations-pager.htm |date=October 1, 2009 }}</ref> Kuma bisa ga bayanan binciken kididdiga, samun hadin famfo na gida a yankunan karkara ya karu daga kashi 10% a shekarar 1995 zuwa kashi 20% a shekarar 2004. A cewar wadannan bayanan binciken, damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa a yankunan karkara ta tsaya cak a kashi 58% tsakanin shekarar 1995 da 2004.<ref name="JMP Water"/> Har yanzu ba a fito da bayanin da zai daidaita banbancin dake tsakanin bayanan wannan binciken kididdigar da bayanan da PAGER ya bayar ba. === Tallafi Mai Dogaro da Sakamakon Aiki Don Fadada Samun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli === A shekarar 2007, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu dake gudanar da ayyuka a Casablanca, Tangier, da Tetouan, tare da kamfanin ruwa na gwamnati dake Meknes sun fara aiwatar da ayyukan gwaji na samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli bisa tsarin tallafi mai dogaro da sakamakon aiki (output-based aid). Manufar ita ce a fadada hadin famfon ruwa da magudanar ruwa zuwa gidaje 11,300 a unguwannin matalauta na kewaye da birni wadanda ba su da tsarin rarraba filaye na hukuma. Wadannan ayyukan gwajin na cikin Shirin Habaka Dan Adam na Kasa (National Human Development Initiative) kuma ana daukar nauyinsu ne ta hanyar tallafin dala miliyan 7 daga Hukumar Kawancen Duniya don Tallafi Mai Dogaro da Sakamako (GPOBA) karkashin gudanarwar Bankin Duniya. Wannan ne karon farko da GPOBA, wacce galibi take tallafawa fanni mai zaman kansa, ta ba da tallafi ga kamfanin ruwa na gwamnati. Matsakaicin matakin tallafi ga kowane hadin famfo ya kai dala 169 na samar da ruwa da kuma dala 606 na tsaftar muhalli. Matsakaicin matakin tallafin kowane hadin famfo kashi 35 ne. Kamfanonin sun kuma samar da yakin neman zabi na fadakarwa don sanar da mutane cewa suna da damar hada magudanar ruwa ta hanyar tawagogi dake zuwa kasuwanni. Karkashin tsarin tallafi mai dogaro da sakamakon aiki, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko na gwamnati ne ke fara daukar nauyin zuba jari da kudadensu, sannan GPOBA take mayar musu da kudaden bayan an gudanar da binciken tantancewa wanda ke tabbatar da cewa an hada wa gidajen kuma suna samun gamsasshen sabis. A cewar Bankin Duniya, tsarin tallafin ya taimaka wajen inganta hanyoyin aiki, shawo kan cikas na kudi da kuma tattara hadin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki.<ref>[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/water-in-the-arab-world-ch17.pdf Subsidies for the Poor: An Innovative Output-Based Aid Approach Providing Basic Services to Poor Periurban Neighborhoods in Morocco] Xavier Chauvot de Beauchêne and Pier Mantovani, 2009</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gpoba.org/gpoba/node/213 |title=The Global Partnership on Output-based Aid - Further detailed information on the OBA project in Morocco |access-date=2009-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726125202/http://www.gpoba.org/gpoba/node/213 |archive-date=2011-07-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Alhakokin Fanni == Manyan jaruman da ke a matakin tsara manufofi a wannan fanni sune Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Ma'adinai, Ruwa da Muhalli wacce ke da alhakin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, da kuma Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida wacce ke da alhakin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. A matakin samar da sabis kuma, manyan jaruman sune kamfanin wutar lantarki da ruwa na kasa wato ONEE, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu guda 3, da kuma kamfanoni 13 mallakar kananan hukumomi. Birni mafi girma a kasar, wato Casablanca, kamfani mai zaman kansa na Lydec ne ke yi masa hidima. Baya ga cibiyoyin da aka ambata a sama, hukumomin dausayi guda bakwai ne ke da alhakin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa. Sai dai wadannan cibiyoyin har yanzu suna da rauni sosai. Gaba daya, fannin yana da siffar tsari na cibiyoyi masu sarkakiya da rarrabuwa, wanda - a cewar rahoton Bankin Duniya na shekarar 2004 - "ya kawo cikas ga tsara cikakken hangen nesa na fannin baki daya da kuma kafa manufofi masu dacewa".<ref name="REDI4">World Bank:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p.4-5 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> === Manufofi da Ka'idoji === Hukumar siyasa mafi daukaka a fannin ruwa na Maroko tana hannun Babban Majalisar Ruwa da Yanayi (Conseil Supérieur de l'Eau et du Climat) karkashin Firayim Minista da Shugabancin Karramawa na Sarki. An kafa ta ne a shekarar 1996, inda ta maye gurbin tsohuwar Babban Majalisa da aka kafa a shekarar 1981. Ta hada da wakilan daukacin Ma'aikatun da ke da ruwa da tsaki a harkar ruwa, wakilan gwamnatin shiyyoyi da kungiyoyin masu amfani da ruwa, gami da masana kimiyya, kungiyoyin kwararru, da kungiyoyin kasuwanci. Kodayake an nufi majalisar ta rika taro sau daya a shekara kamar yadda dokar kafata ta nuna, rabon da ta yi taro tun a shekarar 2001. Taronta na baya kafin wannan an gudanar da shi ne a shekarar 1994. A karkashin dokar, Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a ce ke tabbatar da ayyukan sakatariya na Majalisar.<ref>Secrétariat d'État chargé de l'Eau:[http://www.water.gov.ma/04textes-juridiques/dec_cons.htm DECRET N° 2-96-158 DU 8 rejeb 1417 (20 novembre 1996) RELATIF A LA COMPOSITION ET AU FONCTIONNEMENT DU CONSEIL SUPERIEUR DE L'EAU ET DU CLIMAT]. Retrieved October 21, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123063143/http://www.water.gov.ma/04textes-juridiques/dec_cons.htm |date=November 23, 2008 }}</ref> Sai dai an mayar da daukacin ayyukan da suka shafi ruwa daga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a zuwa sabuwar Ma'aikatar Ruwa da Muhalli da aka kafa a shekarar 2002. A cikin gwamnatin Maroko, ma'aikatu daban-daban ne ke raba alhakokin samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli. Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Ma'adinai, Ruwa da Muhalli (Ministère de l'Energie, des mines, de l'eau et de l'environnement) ita ce ke da alhakin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa da samar da ruwa mai yawa, yayin da Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ke da alhakin kula da raba ruwa da tsaftar muhalli da kamfanonin kananan hukumomi ke gudanarwa. A cikin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (DEA) tana taimaka wa gwamnatocin gida game da maganganun ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, kuma tana taka rawar gani wajen tsarawa, aiwatarwa, da tallafawa ayyukan ginin asali na ruwa da magudanar tuka-tuka. Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Jama'a da Yarjejeniyoyi (DRSC), wacce ita ma ke cikin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, tana sanya ido kan ayyukan ''Régies'' da yarjejeniyoyin kamfanoni. Wasu alhakokin fannin suna karkashin ikon sauran Ma'aikatu ne. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Jama'a (MSP) ita ce babbar mai tsara ka'idojin ingancin ruwa a fannin, mai alhakin kafawa da aiwatar da mizanai na kiwon lafiyar jama'a na ruwan sha. Hukumar Kula da Kamfanonin Gwamnati da Mayar da Su ga Masu Zaman Kansu ta Ma'aikatar Kudi ce ke kula da al'amuran kasafin kudi na ayyukan kamfanonin gwamnati, da kuma kulla yarjejeniyoyi. Bugu da kari, Hukumar Kula da Farashi ta Ma'aikatun tana amincewa da shawarwarin karara kudaden harajin ruwa. === Gudanar da Albarkatun Ruwa === [[File:Oum Errabiaa.jpeg|200px|thumb|Kogin Oum Er-Rbia a tsakiyar Maroko shine kogi mafi tsawo a kasar. Baya ga kasancewarsa muhimmin tushen ruwa don ban ruwa, yana samar da mafi yawan ruwan sha ga birni mafi girma a kasar, wato Casablanca]] Hukumomin dausayin koguna guda tara ne ke da alhakin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a Maroko. Hukumomin dausayin koguna suna da jerin muhimman alhakoki. Suna ba da izinin diban ruwa da zubar da tuka-tuka ga dukkan masu amfani, bisa ga babban tsarin dausayi (Plan directeur d'aménagement intégré des ressources en eau, PDAIRE) da su da kansu suke tsarawa. Suna kuma tara kudaden haraji na diban ruwa da zubar da tuka-tuka. Kuma an nufi su rika ba da taimakon kudi da na fasaha ga masu samar da sabis domin kariya daga gurbatar ruwa da kuma inganta amfani da albarkatun ruwa cikin hikima. Suna kuma sanya ido kan inganci da yawa na ruwan saman kasa da na karkashin kasa, kuma su ne ke da alhakin gudanar da al'amuran gaggawa da suka shafi ruwa. Daga karshe, ya kamata su habaka fadakarwar jama'a game da albarkatun ruwa. Hukumomin suna kula da wadannan dausayi da aka jera su gwargwadon albarkatun ruwan da ke akwai a kowane dausayi: Kogin Sebou, Kogin Moulouya, Kogin Oum Er-Rbia, Kogin Bou Regreg, Kogin Tensift, Kogin Loukkos da dausayin Souss-Massa, Ziz-Er Gheris da Sakia el Hamra-Oued Eddahab.<ref name="LES AGENCES DE BASSINS HYDRAULIQUES"/><ref>Mohamed Hachmi, Secrétariat d'État chargé de l'Eau et de l'Environnement:[http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/21/43316393.pdf Agences de Bassins Hydrauliques & Governance de l’eau], 8–9 July 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> Hanyoyin da ke akwai ga hukumomin dausayin sun yi karanci kwarai don gudanar da ayyukansu. === Samar da Sabis === Akwai rukunoni guda hudu na masu samar da sabis a biranen Maroko: kamfanoni masu zaman kansu dake da yarjejeniya (kashi 38% na abokan cinikin ruwa a birane), kamfanonin kananan hukumomi (kashi 31%), kamfanin gwamnati na kasa wato ONEE (kashi 28%), da kuma kananan hukumomin da ke ba da sabis kai tsaye (kashi 3%). A ka'idance, bisa ga dokar kananan hukumomi ta shekarar 1976 (Charte Communale), wadda aka yi wa kwaskwarima a shekarar 2002 da 2008, ayyukan jama'a kamar samar da ruwa, magudanar ruwa da raba wutar lantarki alhakin kananan hukumomi ne (communes). Akwai kananan hukumomi 1,547 a Maroko, gami da 249 na birane da 1,298 na karkara. Kamar yandda aka ambata a sama, wasu kananan hukumomin sun wakilta samar da sabis ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A wasu kananan hukumomin kuma ''Régies'' ne ke ba da wadannan ayyuka, galibi ba tare da wata takaitacciyar kwangila ba. A kananan hukumomi mafi kankanta, ONEE ne ke yawan ba da sabis, ko dai tare da ko ba tare da kwangila ba (contrat de gestion déléguée) da karamar hukumar. Dangane da magudanar ruwa kuma, kananan hukumomi da yawa masu kankanta har yanzu suna ba da wannan sabis din kai tsaye, kodayake akwai manufar mika ayyukan magudanar ruwa a hankali ga ONEE. Kwaskwarimar shekarar 2008 ga dokar kananan hukumomi ta ba da damar kafa kungiyoyin kananan hukumomi (groupement d'agglomérations urbaines). ==== Yarjejeniyoyin Kamfanoni Masu Zaman Kansu ==== [[File:Tanger1.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Kamfanin kashin kai na Amendis, wani reshe na kamfanin Veolia Environnement na kasar Faransa ne ke gudanar da ayyukan ruwa da magudanar tuka-tuka a birnin Tangier dake gabar tekun Gibraltar]] Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu dake da yarjejeniyar ayyuka da yawa suna samar da ruwan sha, ayyukan magudanar ruwa da wutar lantarki a Casablanca, Rabat, Tangier, da Tetouan. Lydec, mai rike da yarjejeniya a Casablanca, mallakar SUEZ Environnement ce (kashi 51%), kamfanin inshora na Maroko RMA Watanya (kashi 15%) da kamfanin zuba jari na Maroko FIPAR-Holding (kashi 19.75%). Bugu da kari, kashi 14.25% na hannun jarin ana kasuwancinsu a kasuwar hannun jari ta Casablanca tun shekarar 2005.<ref>Lydec:[http://www.lydec.ma/html/visite.htm Carte de visite] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614051701/http://www.lydec.ma/html/visite.htm |date=2012-06-14 }}. Retrieved October 10, 2009.</ref> Amendis, wani kamfani na reshen Veolia Environnement na Faransa, shine mai rike da yarjejeniya a Tangier da Tetouan.<ref>"The Veolia Group: In short." [https://www.amendis.ma/fr/qui-sommes-nous/en-bref] Retrieved September 26, 2020.</ref> A shekarar 2013, Veolia ta sayar da reshenta na Maroko wato Veolia Environnement Maroc mai rike da yarjejeniyar ga rukunin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na Burtaniya Actis Capital akan euro miliyan 370 bayan da hukumomi suka ki amincewa da bukatun karara kudaden haraji. An kuma soki kamfanin saboda rashin cimma burinsa na zuba jari, musamman game da samar da sabis ga matalauta. Kamfanin Averda dake da babban gindi a UAE shine mai rike da yarjejeniyar yanzu haka a Rabat, bayan ya lashe kwangilar shekaru bakwai da aka tsara za ta kare a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 June 2015|title=Averda wins competitive tender from city of Rabat|work=Construction Week|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-34134-averda-wins-competative-tender-from-city-of-rabat|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> Kamfani na hudu mai gudanar da yarjejeniya kuma yana samar da ruwa mai yawa ga Casablanca. ==== Kamfanonin Kananan Hukumomi: ''Régies autonomes'' ==== [[File:Nador seafront.JPG|thumb|200px|An mika harkar samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a birnin Nador na tsakiyar teku ga ONEP bayan da kamfanin karamar hukuma na RADEEN ya kasa tsaftace dausayin Nador]] Kwararrun kamfanonin jama'a guda 12 mallakar kananan hukumomi da ake kira ''Régies autonomes'' suna samar da ruwa a manyan birane matsakaita guda 12. Wadancan kamfanonin suna kuma ba da sabis na tsaftar muhalli a birane 11 da ayyukan raba wutar lantarki a birane 7. Mafi girma a cikin biranen da ''Régies autonomes'' ke yi wa hidima sune Agadir, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes da Oujda. Regies suna kuma nan a Chaouia, El Jadida, Kenitra, Larache, Safi, Tadla da Taza. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan kamfanonin mallakar kananan hukumomi da dama ne (Régies intercommunales). ONEP ta karbe ikon Hukumar Gudanar da Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki ta Nador (RADEEN) a kusan shekarar 2007 sakamakon gazawar kamfanin wajen tsaftace gurbataccen dausayin Nador yadda ya kamata. ==== Kamfanin Gwamnati Na Kasa: ONEE ==== ONEE (Office National de l'Electricité et de l'Eau Potable) kamfani ne na wutar lantarki da samar da ruwa mai yawa wanda ke fitar da kashi 80 na ruwan sha na kasar kuma yana sayar da mafi yawansa ga ''Régies'' da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu dake da yarjejeniya. Yana kuma raba ruwa kai tsaye ga abokan ciniki a kusan matsakaita da kananan garuruwa 500. ONEE ta kuma karbi ayyukan tsaftar muhalli a sama da 65 daga cikin garuruwan da take raba ruwan sha zuwa shekarar 2009, kuma ana ranar za ta karbi ayyukan tsaftar muhalli a jimillar garuruwa 191 zuwa shekarar 2017. Bugu da kari, ONEE tana samar da ruwa ta hanyar famfon taron jama'a ga kashi daya cikin uku na al'ummar karkara wadanda ke da damar samun ingantaccen tushen ruwa. An kafa ONEE («Office national d'électricité et d'eau potable») ne ta hanyar kawancen kamfanin wutar lantarki na ONE da ONEP. ==== Samar da Sabis Kai Tsaye Daga Kananan Hukumomi: ''Régies directes'' ==== Kananan hukumomi 40 a kananan garuruwa suna yi wa kashi 3 na abokan ciniki a birane hidimar ruwa (Régies directes) ta hanyar "sassan kananan hukumomi maras kwarewa da karancin kudi".<ref name="REDI4"/> Suna kuma ba da ayyukan magudanar ruwa a garuruwa 280 (2003). === Kungiyoyi === Kungiyar Maroko don Samar da Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli (Association Marocaine de l'Eau Potable et de l'Assainissement - AMEPA) kungiyar kasuwanci ce da aka kafa a shekarar 1997 don "fuskantar kalubale masu zuwa da kuma kare muradun fannin". Ta shirya tarurrukan karawa juna sani da na manyan baki na kasa da na duniya da dama a Maroko. Tana kuma shiga cikin tarurrukan kasa da kasa. A shekarar 2009 tana da mambobi 120, gami da masu samar da sabis, 'yan kwangila, kamfanonin ba da shawara da kungiyoyin kwararru.<ref>[http://www.amepa-maroc.com/index.php Moroccan Association for Water Supply and Sanitation (''Association Marocaine de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement'' - AMEPA)]. Retrieved October 21, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104003602/http://www.amepa-maroc.com/index.php |date=November 4, 2009 }}</ref> Fassi Fihri, Babban Daraktan ONEP, shine Shugaban AMEPA ya zuwa watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2009.<ref>ONEP:[http://www.onep.org.ma/Communiques-Presse-ONEP/communiques%202006/Communique-AMEPA_final_25-01-06.doc M. Ali Fassi Fihri, Directeur Général de l’ONEP réélu Président de l’Association Marocaine de l’Eau Potable et de l’Assainissement (AMEPA) à l’issue de son Assemblée Générale], January 25, 2006. Retrieved October 21, 2009.</ref> == Al'amuran kuɗi == === Haraji da ikon biya === Kasar Maroko tana da saromammen tsarin haraji da kudaden fito na ruwa da tsaftace muhalli wanda ya kunshi rukunoni da dama na haraji a matakai daban-daban na zagayowar ruwa: hako ruwa, sayarwa da yawa, sayarwa dalla-dalla, da kuma tarawa, magani da kuma zubar da gurbataccen ruwa.<ref>Mathilde Tenneson and Dominique Rojat:[http://www.cairn.info/revue-afrique-contemporaine-2003-1-page-151.htm LA TARIFICATION DE L’EAU AU MAROC : COMMENT SERVIR DIFFÉRENTES CAUSES?], Afrique Contemporaine, Dossier spécial no 205 2003/1. Retrieved October 24, 2009.</ref> Harajin birane ya bambanta dangane da gari, yawan ruwan da aka cinye, da kuma nau'in amfani (na gida, na jama'a, na kasuwanci da na masana'antu). Hanyoyin duba farashin harajin birane sun bambanta kuma dangane da ko mai samar da hidimar na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ne ko na gwamnati, inda tsarin na karshen ya kasance mafi sarkakiya da daukar lokaci fiye da na farkon. Gabaɗaya, matakin harajin ruwa na birane yana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe a Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, wanda hakan ke sanya da wuya ga matalautan birane da ke jone da hanyar sadarwar bututu su iya biya. A gefe guda kuma, bai isa ba don ba da damar dawo da cikakken kudin da aka kashe. Kashi 11% na duk masu amfani, gami da babban rabo na talakawa a birane da karkara, suna samun ruwa kyauta daga wuraren taba ruwa na jama'a. '''Kudaden hako ruwa'''. Kamfanin ONEE da Régies dole ne su biya kudade (redevances) na hako ruwa da zubar da gurbataccen ruwa ga hukumomin kula da madatsun ruwa na yankuna. An gabatar da wadannan kudaden ne a kan tushen Dokar Ruwa ta shekarar 1995. Matakinsu yana da kasa, wanda hakan baya ba hukumomin kula da madatsun ruwa damar biyan kudaden gudanarwa na kansu, balle ma su ba da gudummawa wajen daukar nauyin zuba jari na masu samar da hidima kamar yadda dokar ta tanada. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da su, ba a daidaita matakin kudaden ba, ta yadda idan aka yi la'akari da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, darajar kudaden da dama dama can suna da kasa ta kara raguwa. '''Harajin siyan ruwa da yawa'''. Kamfanin ONEE yana karbar haraji don samar da ruwa da yawa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da Régies. Wadannan harajin ana duba su ne ta hanyar gwamnati tare da haraji na Régies da kuma harajin sayarwa dalla-dalla da na magudanar ruwa na ONEE. Harajin siyan ruwa da yawa ya bambanta daga wani gari zuwa wani ta hanyar la'akari da kudaden samarwa. Misali, harajin siyan ruwa da yawa na Casabalanca, inda mai samar da hidimar yake na kamfani mai zaman kansa, ya linka na makwabcin garin Settat sau biyu.<ref>L'Economiste:[http://www.tamesna.net/eau%20electricite.html Eau et électricité: un vrai casse-tête] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307100031/http://www.tamesna.net/eau%20electricite.html |date=2009-03-07 }}. Retrieved October 10, 2009.</ref> Akwai haraji na musamman na kashi 5% akan tallace-tallace na ruwa da yawa domin daukar nauyin shirin samar da ruwa a karkara mai suna PAGER <ref name="PAGER"/> gami da wani karon haraji mafi mahimmanci don daukar nauyin samar da ruwa a kananan garuruwa. '''Harajin sayar da ruwa dalla-dalla'''. Tsarin haraji na sayarwa dalla-dalla iri daya ne ya shafi daukacin kasar. Harajin ruwa da na magudanar ruwa a Maroko yana bin tsarin haraji mai rukunoni masu karuwa, inda harajin kowace mita cubic ke karuwa yayin da amfani ke karuwa. Harajin gida yana da rukunoni hudu, mafi kankanta ya shafi amfani da bai kai mita cubic 6 ba a kowane wata kuma mafi girma ya shafi amfani da ya wuce mita cubic 40 a kowane wata. Koyaya, matakin farashin sayarwa dalla-dalla ya bambanta daga wani yanki zuwa wani. Hidimar taba ruwa na jama'a, wadanda aka saba da su ga matalautan birane, yawanci kyauta ne. Kamfanonin amfani suna tura takardun kudi ga gwamnatocin gida. A wasu lokuta kalilan, an damka gudanarwar wuraren taba ruwa ga mai gadi/mai sarrafawa (gardien/gérant), wanda ke sarrafa fanfo kuma yake karbar kudi daga hannun masu amfani. Kamar yadda rahoton Bankin Duniya ya bayyana, hidimar taba ruwa kyauta tana da amfani ga talakawa. Amma kuma suna kara zama marasa dorewa ga masu gudanarwa, ta fuskar asarar ruwa (har zuwa kashi 40) da kuma rashin kudaden shiga. Masu gudanarwa suna goyon bayan inganta jonawa mutane daddaya bututu domin karfafa kudaden shigarsu.<ref>Bankin Duniya:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 18 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> An kara harajin siyarwa dalla-dalla na ruwa da magudanar ruwa a shekarar 2006 a daukacin kasar ta hanyar rage girman rukunin farko na haraji mai rukunoni masu karuwa daga mita cubic 8 zuwa 6 a kowane wata da kuma kara kafaffen bangare na takardar kudin. Farashin gwargwadon amfani na kowane rukunin haraji ya kasance canja. Wadannan canje-canje sun yi daidai da karin haraji na kashi 11% (a duba). Bayan karin, matsakaicin harajin ruwa ya bambanta tsakanin Dirham 3.20 kowace mita cubic ($0.29) a Meknes da Dirham 7.18 kowace mita cubic ($0.66) a Casablanca. Harajin magudanar ruwa ya bambanta tsakanin Dirham 0.59 kowace mita cubic ($0.05) a Oujda da Dirham 1.64 kowace mita cubic ($0.15) a Marrakesh.<ref>Royaume du Maroc:Revue Strategique du Programme National d'Assainissement, Banque Mondiale/KfW, 2008, p. 101</ref> A shekarar 2002 an yanke shawarar cewa harajin magudanar ruwa a kananan garuruwa da ONEP ke yi wa hidima ya zama iri daya ga daukacin garuruwan, ta yin amfani da tsarin rukunoni masu karuwa. Matsakaicin harajin magudanar ruwa na ONEP ya kasance Dirham 1.50 kowace mita cubic a shekarar 2009. Duk da cewa an yanke shawara a shekarar 2004 na kara harajin magudanar ruwa zuwa Dirham 2.00 kowace mita cubic. Sai dai, an jinkirta amfani da wannan shawarar kuma har zuwa shekarar 2009 harajin magudanar ruwa ya karu ne kawai a gari guda. Duk da haka, an yi hasashen karawa zuwa Dirham 2.20 kowace mita cubic a shekarar 2009.<ref>Bilan d'Activité Assainissement de l'ONEP, 25 November 2009, Slide 41</ref> '''Kudaden jonawa'''. A yankunan birane, kudaden jonawa na lokaci guda na ruwa da magudanar ruwa ana biya ne ga mai samar da hidimar na daban. Ana kayyade matakin kudaden ne bisa wani tsari dake la'akari da tsayin hanyar sadarwar ruwa da magudanar ruwa a cikin birnin, sannan da tsayin gaban kowace dukiya (don kudaden jona ruwa da ONEP ke karba, da ake kira taxe riveraine) ko kuma yankin dukiya (don duk kudaden jonawa da Régies da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke karba, da kuma kudaden jona magudanar ruwa da ONEP ke karba, wadanda gaba daya ake kira Participation au Premier Etablissement ko PPE). Wadannan kudaden ba su hada da kudaden gaske na samar da jona kanta daga layin hidima a kan titi ba, wanda mai amfana zai biya da kansa daban. Kamar yadda yake a sauran kasashe, hakan kuma baya hada da kudaden shigar da aikin famfo a cikin dukiya. Kudaden jonawa da hanyar sadarwar ruwa da magudanar ruwa babban tushen kudi ne ga masu samar da hidima. A lokaci guda kuma, babban matakinsu ya zama cikas wajen fadada hanyar sadarwar, duk da wata manufa ta barin abokan ciniki matalakawa su biya wani bangare na kudin jonawa ta kudaden rabi-rabi da ake karawa a takardar kudin ruwa na kowane wata na tsawon lokaci har zuwa shekaru 7 (branchements sociaux). Wadannan matsaloli an bayyana su ta misalin Casablanca inda aka sanya manufar farko ta shekara-shekara na guda 10,000 na jona na jin dadin jama'a, amma guda 1,250 ne kacal aka aiwatar a kowace shekara har zuwa shekarar 2006.<ref>Claude de Miras, Julien Le Tellier, Aahd Benmansour:[http://www.authorstream.com/presentation/Breezy-21910-saragosse-DeMiras-LeTellier-France-Maroc-2-Volont-explicite-de-faire-reculer-la-pauvret-et-ses-cons-quences-LYDEC-montage-du-co-financement-as-Entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/ Le modèle marocain de gouvernance de l'eau potable], Presentation in Saragossa, March 2007, Slide 5</ref> Shirin Tallafawa Cigaban Dan Adam na Kasa (National Human Development Initiative) yana yafe kudaden jonawa ga zababbun unguwannin birane na matalakawa.<ref>Claude de Miras, Julien Le Tellier, Aahd Benmansour:[http://www.authorstream.com/presentation/Breezy-21910-saragosse-DeMiras-LeTellier-France-Maroc-2-Volont-explicite-de-faire-reculer-la-pauvret-et-ses-cons-quences-LYDEC-montage-du-co-financement-as-Entertainment-ppt-powerpoint/ Le modèle marocain de gouvernance de l'eau potable], Presentation in Saragossa, March 2007, Slide 12</ref> Matsakaicin kudaden jonawa sun kasance daga daidai yake da $220 zuwa 500 na ruwa da kuma $880 zuwa 1,650 na magudanar ruwa a shekarar 2004.<ref>Bankin Duniya:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 77 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> Koyaya, a cewar wani tushen daban, a shekarar 2008 kudin jona magudanar ruwa da ONEP ke karba ya kasance Dirham 1,600 kacal (kimanin $145).<ref>Royaume du Maroc:Revue Strategique du Programme National d'Assainissement, Banque Mondiale/KfW, 2008, p. 9</ref> '''Ikon biya'''. Bayanai daga binciken yanayin rayuwar gidaje na kasa na shekarar 1998/99 sun kimanta daukacin kudaden kashewa na samar da ruwa akan Dirham (MAD) 84.8/mutum/shekara a yankunan birane da MAD 147.4/mutum/shekara a yankunan karkara, ko kuma kashi 1.8 da 2.9 na matsakaicin daukacin kudaden kashewa na kowane mutum.<ref>Bankin Duniya:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 28 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> === Dawo da kudaden da aka kashe === Dawo da kudaden da aka kashe a fannin ya kasance kalubale. Kamfanin ONEE yana da cin gashin kansa ta fuskar kudi ta hanyar kudaden shiga na harajinsa, amma yana samun tallafin zuba jari na Dirham miliyan 150 a kowace shekara don samar da ruwa a karkara sannan rabin jifansa na tsaftace muhalli ana daukar nauyinsu ne ta hanyar kasafin kudin gwamnati da na kananan hukumomi.<ref>Royaume du Maroc:Contrat de Programme entre l'État et l'ONEP 2008-2010, October 2008. p. 10</ref> Kamfanonin Regies dole ne su dogara sosai akan kudaden jonawa don kudaden shigarsu.<ref>Bankin Duniya:[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf Kingdom of Morocco. Recent Economic Developments in Infrastructure (REDI).Water Supply and Sanitation Sector], 2004, p. 58 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607014410/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/03/24/000011823_20050324120250/Rendered/PDF/296340MOR0whit1P0866960REDI1public1.pdf |date=June 7, 2011 }}</ref> === Zuba jari === Zuba jarin a fannin ruwa da tsaftace muhalli ya karu sosai tsakanin shekarar 2003 da 2005. A rabon ruwa na birane ya karu daga Dirham biliyan 0.9 zuwa 1.5, a samar da ruwa na karkara daga Dirham biliyan 0.5 zuwa 0.8, a samar da ruwa kansa daga biliyan 0.3 zuwa 0.6, sannan a bangaren tsaftace muhalli daga Dirham biliyan 1.1 zuwa 2.8. Gabaɗaya zuba jarin ya ninka daga Dirham biliyan 2.8 ($337m) zuwa biliyan 5.7 ($687m).<ref>Revue strategique du PNA, 2008, p. 10</ref> Zuba jarin kowane mutum a fannin samar da ruwa da tsaftace muhalli ya tsaya akan $21 ga kowane mutum a shekara, mataki mai matukar yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashe masu matsakaicin kudin shiga. === Samar da kudi === Ana daukar nauyin zuba jari ne daga kudaden shiga na haraji, tallafi daban-daban da canja wurin kudi (kyauta da lamuni masu sauki) ta hanyar abokan hulda na waje. Sai dai kuma, akwai gagarumin tallafi na ketare. Misali, harajin siyan ruwa da yawa da ONEE ke karba daga hannun kamfanonin kwangila masu zaman kansu da Régies sun fi kudaden samarwa yawa. Ana amfani da rarar kudin ne don tallafawa ayyukan ONEE na samar da ruwa a karkara da tsaftace muhalli, inda haraji ba ya rufe kudaden da aka kashe. Haka kuma, a cewar wani binciken Bankin Duniya na shekarar 2008, akwai tallafin ketare na kusan Dirham biliyan 1 daga masu amfani da wutar lantarki wadanda ake karbar harajin rabawa da ya fi kudaden da aka kashe. Wannan yana bawa kamfanonin kwangila da Régies damar samar da kudaden shiga da ake bukata don biyan kumburarrun haraji na ruwa da yawa, wanda shi kuma ke bawa ONEE damar tallafawa samar da ruwa a karkara da tsaftace muhalli akan adadin da shima ya kai kusan Dirham biliyan 1.<ref>Royaume du Maroc:Mécanismes et Flux de Financement du Secteur de l'Eau, Banque mondiale, Avril 2008, p. xii</ref> == Hadin gwiwar waje == Hadin gwiwar waje yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin ruwa da tsaftace muhalli na Maroko. Abokan hulda na waje suna samar da kudaden zuba jari da taimakon fasaha. Fara daga shekarar 2002, Bankin Cigaban Afirka, Tarayyar Turai sannan kuma Bankin Duniya sun samar da tallafin kasafin kudi (budget support) da ke da alaka da cika wasu sharuɗɗan manufofi. Manyan abokan hulda na waje a fannin sune, ban da ukun da aka ambata a sama, Faransa, Jamus da [[Japan]]. Sauran abokan hulda na waje sune Belgium, Bankin Cigaban Musulunci, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Spain da Amurka. Abokan hulda na waje suna kara yin aiki tare don daukar nauyin shirye-shiryen hadin gwiwa maimakon daukar nauyin takamaiman ayyuka daddaya. Misali shi ne shirin samar da ruwa a karkara na PAGER da aka fara a shekarar 1995 wanda Belgium, Tarayyar Turai, Faransa, Jamus, Japan, Kuwait, Luxemburg da Bankin Duniya suka tallafa mawa.<ref name="PAGER">Secrétariat d'État chargé de l'Eau:[http://www.water.gov.ma/03programmes/ameliorations-pager.htm AMELIORATIONS APPORTEES PAR LE PAGER]. Retrieved October 21, 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001071058/http://www.water.gov.ma/03programmes/ameliorations-pager.htm |date=October 1, 2009 }}</ref> Wani misali na baya-bayan nan shi ne tallafi ga Shirin Tsaftace Muhalli na Kasa ta hanyar Tarayyar Turai, Faransa da Jamus. === Bankin Cigaban Afirka === [[File:AFDB Logo.png|100px]] Bankin Cigaban Afirka (AfDB) ya dauki nauyin ayyukan ruwan sha guda tara a Maroko tun daga shekarar 1978. Gabaɗaya adadin kudadensa a fannin ya kasance dala miliyan 180 har zuwa shekarar 2006, inda garuruwan Maroko guda 20 suka amfana, musamman Tangier. Ayyukan da ake kai, wadanda duka ONEP ke aiwatarwa, sun hada da aikin ruwan sha da tsaftace muhalli na tara, da aka kiyasta a shekarar 2006, wanda ke amfanar mutanen karkara a larduna hudu kuma yana hasashen kula da gurbataccen ruwa a garuruwa uku (Khouribga, Oued Zem da Boujaâd) <ref>[[African Development Bank]]:[http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/MA-2006-059-EN-ADB-BD-WP-MOROCCO-NINTH-WATER-SUPPLY-AND-SANITATION-PROJECT-FINAL.PDF NINTH DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT:APPRAISAL REPORT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222042933/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/MA-2006-059-EN-ADB-BD-WP-MOROCCO-NINTH-WATER-SUPPLY-AND-SANITATION-PROJECT-FINAL.PDF |date=2012-02-22 }}, 2006</ref> da kuma aikin samar da ruwan sha na goma da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2008 wanda ke tallafawa samar da ruwan sha a Khénifra, Taounate, Settat, Marrakesh da Tamesna gami da kananan garuruwa makwabta.<ref>[[African Development Bank]] :[https://afchive.today/20110807095953/http://www.afdb.org/en/news-events/article/afdb-approves-10th-drinking-water-supply-project-in-morocco-3396/ AfDB Approves 10th Drinking Water Supply Project in Morocco]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, November 19, 2008</ref> A shekarar 2003 AfDB ta samar da lamuni don shirin daidaita fannin ruwa. A shekarar 2012 AfDB ta amince da lamuni na dala miliyan 157 don daukar nauyin Aikin Samar da Ruwa na Yankin Marrakesh tare da AFD ($68.7m), ONEE da kuma Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), inda kowannensu ya samar da dala miliyan 66.8. Zai dauki nauyin isar da ruwa da yawa daga Madatsar Ruwa ta Al Massira don ruwan sha, yawon bude ido da hakar gwal. Ana ranar kammala aikin a shekarar 2017. === Tarayyar Turai === [[File:Flag of Europe.svg|thumb|100px]] Tarayyar Turai tana tallafawa fannin ta hanyar kyauta, sannan da kuma lamuni daga Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (EIB). EIB ta tallafa wa ayyukan samar da ruwa da tsaftace muhalli a birane shida (Marrakesh, Settat, Meknes, Agadir, Oujda da Fez), gami da kananan garuruwa da dama. Tsakanin shekarar 1997 da 2006 ta samar da lamuni guda 10 da suka kai Euro miliyan 283. A shekarar 2006 ta amince da wani lamuni na Euro miliyan 40 don tsaftace muhalli a kwaron Sebou, kogi mai tsananin gurbata inda Fez da Meknes suke.<ref>[[European Investment Bank]]:[http://www.eib.org/projects/loans/regions/mediterranean-countries/ma.htm?start=1980&end=2009&sector=water%2C-sewerage Loans to Morocco for water and sanitation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210420/http://www.eib.org/projects/loans/regions/mediterranean-countries/ma.htm?start=1980&end=2009&sector=water,-sewerage |date=2016-03-03 }}. Retrieved October 9, 2009.</ref> A shekarar 2002 Tarayyar Turai ta samar da kyautar Euro miliyan 120 don tallafawa shirin daidaita fannin ruwa na farko ga Maroko, wanda ke da nufin daidaita gudanarwar albarkatun ruwa.<ref>Maroc Hebdo International:[http://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/MHinternet/Archives_499/pdf_499/page22.pdf L'UE finance un programme d'ajustement du secteur de l'eau au Maroc]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, N° 499, 22–28 February 2002. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> Takamaiman manufofin shirin sun kasance aiwatar da Dokar Tsarin Ruwa ta shekarar 1995 yadda ya kamata, rage kudaden kashewa na kasafin kudin jiha da kuma kara tasirin hukumomin fannin.<ref>Délégation de la Commission Européenne au Maroc (Delegation of the European Commission in Morocco):[http://www.delmar.ec.europa.eu/fr/meda2/fiche25.pdf PROGRAMME D’AJUSTEMENT STRUCTUREL DU SECTEUR DE L’EAU AU MAROC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712053225/http://www.delmar.ec.europa.eu/fr/meda2/fiche25.pdf |date=2007-07-12 }}, no date. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> === Faransa === Samun ruwan sha da aikin tsaftace muhalli na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman fannonin da haɗin gwiwar bunƙasa ƙasa na Faransa ke mayar da hankali kai tare da Maroko. A shekarar 2007, Hukumar Bunƙasa Ƙasa ta Faransa (AFD) ta tallafa wa ayyukan da suka kai darajar Yuro miliyan 130 don samar da ruwan sha a birane da karkara, da kuma Yuro miliyan 145 don aikin tsaftace muhalli. Ta fuskar yanayin ƙasa, ayyukan sun ta'allaka ne a kwarin kogin Sebou, a Agadir da kuma Nador.<ref>Agence Française de Développement: L’AFD et le Maroc:Quinze ans de partenariat, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> A Nador, tallafin Faransa yana ba da gudummawa ta hanyar wani lamuni da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2007 don tsaftace gurbataccen tafkin Nador, wanda shi ne babban tafki mafi girma a cikin Tekun Mediterranean. Tsarin tsaftace tekun ya samo asali ne daga ire-iren abubuwan da suka faru a Faransa (''Contrats de Baie'') inda hukumomin gwamnati daban-daban ke aiki tare don cimma buri guda na tsaftace gaɓar teku.<ref>Agence Française de Développement: L’AFD ET L’EAU EN MÉDITERRANÉE, Ecnadré sur MAROC – LE PLAN DE DÉPOLLUTION DE LA LAGUNE DE NADOR, UNE APPROCHE INNOVANTE, 2008</ref> === Jamus === Jamus ta dade tana tallafawa fannin ruwa na Maroko tun farkon shekarun 1980, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu ba da agaji na farko da suka tallafa wa ƙoƙarin gwamnatin Maroko na faɗaɗa damar samun aikin tsaftace muhalli a ƙananan birane da matsakaita a farkon shekarun 1990. KfW ne ke gudanar da ayyukan agajin Jamus wanda ke da alhakin ayyukan saka hannun jari, GTZ kuma ke da alhakin haɗin gwiwar fasaha, yayin da InWent ke da alhakin bayar da horo. A shekarar 2009, jimillar ayyukan saka hannun jari da aka amince da su kuma suke gudana waɗanda KfW ke tallafawa sun kai Yuro miliyan 407, waɗanda ONEP ta gudanar da su duka a ƙananan birane da matsakaita da kuma yankunan karkara.<ref>Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer in Marokko: La coopération financière avec le Royaume du Maroc dans le domaine de l'eau et de l'assainissement{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Christoph Krieger, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> GTZ tana tallafa wa Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Ma'adinai, Ruwa da Muhalli da kuma hukumomin kwari guda uku (Tensift, Souss-Massa, da Oum er-Rbia) domin inganta dorewar gudanarwa da tattalin arziƙin albarkatun ruwa. An fara aikin na Yuro miliyan 12 a shekarar 2008 kuma an tsara za a kammala shi a shekarar 2017.<ref>Deutsche Industrie- und Handelskammer in Marokko: Programme Appui à la Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau - AGIRE{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Christine Werner, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2009.</ref> === Bankin Musulunci na Bunƙasa Ƙasa === A shekarar 2006, Bankin Musulunci na Bunƙasa Ƙasa ya ba da lamuni guda biyu na Dirham miliyan 270 (kimanin Yuro miliyan 27) don samar da ruwan sha. Hukumar ONEP ce ke gudanar da ayyukan.<ref>ONEP: Communiqués de Presse ONEP, January 4, 2006. Retrieved October 20.</ref> === Japan === Tun daga shekarar 1994, JBIC ta ba da lamuni na Dirham biliyan 3.6 ga ONEP. A shekarar 2008, JICA ta ba Maroko lamuni na Yen biliyan 13.6 (kimanin Yuro miliyan 90) don ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan samar da ruwan sha na karkara a lardunan Chefchaouen, Taounate da Khénifra.<ref>Aujourd'hui le Maroc ONEP-JBIC : Un prêt de 908 millions DH {{Cite web |url=http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details60804.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2008-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406141811/http://www.aujourdhui.ma/instantanes-details60804.html |url-status=dead }}. Retrieved October 19, 2009.</ref> Aikin zai amfani ƙauyuka (douars) guda 408 tare da mazauna 241,335, kuma za a aiwatar da shi har zuwa shekarar 2013. Wannan shi ne lamuni mafi mahimmanci da JICA da tsohuwar hukumar JBIC suka ba ONEP.<ref>ONEP. Retrieved October 19, 2009.</ref> === Sifaniya === Gwamnatin Sifaniya tana tallafa wa ayyukan samar da ruwa da tsaftace muhalli da dama a Maroko. An amince da aikin samar da ruwa na karkara da tsaftace muhalli na Yuro miliyan 15 wanda ONEP ta aiwatar a lardunan Alhucemas, Nador, Taunat da Tazaand a shekarar 2006.<ref>Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation): Apoyo a la ONEP en su programa del abastecimiento de agua potable y el saneamiento a nivel rural Apoyo a la ONEP en su programa del abastecimiento de agua potable y el saneamiento a nivel rural{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A fannin gudanar da albarkatun ruwa, ta tallafa wa hukumar kwari ta kogin Loukkos tsakanin shekarun 2003 da 2009,<ref>Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation): Refuerzo institucional en materia de gestión integral del agua a través del apoyo al organismo de Cuenca del Lucos{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sannan kuma ta tallafa wa hukumar kwari ta kogin Molouya a shekarar 2006/07.<ref>Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation): Apoyo a la Agencia del Muluya {{Cite web |url=http://www.aecid.es/web/es/cooperacion/prog_cooperacion/Azahar/Proyectos/47314010_Marruecos.Apoyo_a_la_Agencia_del_Muluya.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2009-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224123321/http://www.aecid.es/web/es/cooperacion/prog_cooperacion/Azahar/Proyectos/47314010_Marruecos.Apoyo_a_la_Agencia_del_Muluya.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> === Amurka === [[File:USAID-Identity.svg|thumb]] Hukumar USAID ta tallafa wa ingantaccen gudanar da albarkatun ruwa a kwarin Souss-Masa tsakanin shekarun 1999 da 2005.<ref>USAID Morocco: Program Data Sheet:Improved Water Resources Management in the Souss-Massa River Basin {{Cite web |url=http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cbj2003/ane/ma/608-006.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2008-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116084507/http://www.usaid.gov/pubs/cbj2003/ane/ma/608-006.html |url-status=dead }}. Retrieved October 11, 2009.</ref> === Bankin Duniya === A shekarar 2009, ayyukan da Bankin Duniya ke gudanarwa sun haɗa da ba da lamuni na dalar Amurka miliyan 60 don aikin samar da ruwan sha da tsaftace muhalli a karkara wanda aka amince da shi a shekarar 2005 (wanda ONEP ta aiwatar) da kuma tallafin dalar Amurka miliyan 7 daga Haɗin Gwiwar Duniya don Tallafin Sakamakon Aiki (Output-based aid) don haɓaka damar samun ruwan sha da tsaftace muhalli a birane (wanda Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta aiwatar). Ya kuma haɗa da lamuni na dalar Amurka miliyan 100 don tallafa wa Shirin Bunƙasa Bil'adama na Ƙasa (National Human Development Initiative) da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2006, inda samar da ruwan sha da tsaftace muhalli ke cikin shirin. <ref>World Bank: Projects Search Water and Sanitation in Morocco. Retrieved October 11, 2009.</ref> Bankin Duniya ya kuma ba da tallafin kasafin kuɗi ta hanyar dalar Amurka miliyan 100 ga Maroko ta hanyar Lamunin Bunƙasa Manufofin Fannin Ruwa da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2007. Bankin ya shiga cikin ayyukan fannin ruwa da tsaftace muhalli na Maroko tun shekarar 1972 tare da ayyukan saka hannun jari guda tara da suka kai adadin rancen sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 500. ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 95tg1xvykobf7a4660g9ydys7yu7m81 0 153258 891924 842876 2026-08-06T07:35:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Joseph Abiodun Balogun | image = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|1|1}} | birth_place = Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | fields = Physiotherapy, ilimin lafiya, binciken HIV/AIDS | workplaces = [[Chicago State University]], [[Obafemi Awolowo University]], [[University of Medical Sciences, Ondo]] | alma_mater = [[University of Ibadan]] | known_for = Gudummawa a fannin physiotherapy da shugabancin makarantu | awards = Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science (FAS) }} '''Joseph Abiodun Balogun''' ɗan Najeriya ne masani a fannin ilimin lafiya, farfesa kuma ƙwararren masani a fannin ''physiotherapy''. Ya yi suna wajen bincike da koyarwa a fannin lafiyar jiki, ergonomics, da binciken cutar HIV/AIDS. Ya kuma riƙe manyan muƙamai a jami’o’i daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unimed.edu.ng/staff-profile/jbalogun |title=Joseph Abiodun Balogun Staff Profile |publisher=University of Medical Sciences, Ondo |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Joseph Abiodun Balogun a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu shekara ta 1955 a Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na farko a Najeriya kafin ya samu digiri daga [[University of Ibadan]]. Daga baya ya tafi Amurka inda ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu da digirin digirgir.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html |title=Joseph Balogun: Nigerian academic with versed administrative experiences |publisher=Legit.ng |date=11 November 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=27 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327140202/https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == Balogun ya fara aikinsa a matsayin physiotherapist a asibitin Mubi General Hospital bayan kammala bautar ƙasa ta NYSC a shekarar 1978. A lokacin ne ya taimaka wajen kafa sashen physiotherapy na farko a tsohuwar jihar Gongola.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Abiodun_Balogun |title=Joseph Abiodun Balogun |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a [[Obafemi Awolowo University]] da ke Ile-Ife inda ya zama mai ba da shawara a fannin physiotherapy sannan mataimakin shugaban sashen ilimin lafiya. Ya kuma koyar a jami’o’i daban-daban ciki har da [[Chicago State University]], [[Texas Woman's University]], da [[State University of New York Health Science Center Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Abiodun_Balogun |title=Joseph Abiodun Balogun |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A tsakanin shekarun 1999 zuwa 2013 ya kasance shugaban kwalejin lafiya ta Chicago State University inda ya kafa cibiyar binciken HIV/AIDS domin magance matsalolin da suka shafi cutar.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html |title=Joseph Balogun: Nigerian academic with versed administrative experiences |publisher=Legit.ng |date=11 November 2019 |access-date=30 May 2026 |archive-date=27 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327140202/https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2017 jami’ar [[University of Medical Sciences, Ondo]] ta naɗa shi a matsayin ''Emeritus Professor'' saboda gudummawar da ya bayar wajen bunƙasa ilimin physiotherapy a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nigeriaphysio.net/en/About-Us/PhysioNews-and-Other-News/News-Details?newsid=71&printview=1 |title=Balogun Appointed Emeritus Professor at UNIMED |publisher=Nigeria Physiotherapy Network |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Joseph Balogun ya wallafa littattafai, babi-babin littattafai da kuma muƙalu masu yawa a mujallu na kimiyya musamman a fannonin: * Physiotherapy * Ergonomics * HIV behavioral research * Ilimin lafiyar jama'a Bincikensa ya samu karɓuwa a duniya, kuma an yi amfani da ayyukansa wajen inganta koyarwar physiotherapy da tsarin ilimin lafiya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unimed.edu.ng/staff-profile/jbalogun |title=Joseph Abiodun Balogun Staff Profile |publisher=University of Medical Sciences, Ondo |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024 ya wallafa littafin ''Reimagining Nigeria’s Educational System'' wanda ya tattauna hanyoyin gyara tsarin ilimi a Najeriya ta hanyar amfani da gwaje-gwaje na zamani da tsare-tsaren kimiyya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://resolve.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/joseph-abiodun-balogun-reimagining-nigerias-educational-system-improving-academic-performance-through-high-stakes-standardized-testing-abingdon-routledge-2024-328-pp-illustrations-4399-paper-isbn-9781032483160/704D26DF65CED79C66DB36CD26829D1B |title=Review of Reimagining Nigeria’s Educational System |publisher=Cambridge University Press |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == Balogun ya samu lambobin yabo da dama saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a fannin kimiyya da ilimin lafiya. Ya zama: * Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science (FAS) * Fellow of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy * Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine * Fellow of the Royal Society for Public Health<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Abiodun_Balogun |title=Joseph Abiodun Balogun |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.unimed.edu.ng/staff-profile/jbalogun Staff Profile at UNIMED] * [https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html Joseph Balogun profile on Legit.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327140202/https://www.legit.ng/1273663-joseph-balogun-nigerian-academic-versed-administrative-experiences.html |date=2025-03-27 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Balogun, Joseph Abiodun}} [[Category:Masana kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Farfesoshi na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu binciken lafiya]] [[Category:Physiotherapists]] [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Living people]] 2swfg0mv8yfh21iw1o79lecqdem2hfo 0 153659 891668 886457 2026-08-05T12:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa''' ('''NIA''') kamfani ne na jihar a [[Kenya]] wanda aka ba da izini don bunkasa da sarrafa kayan aikin ban ruwa na kasa da tallafawa ci gaban ban ruwa a Kenya. An kafa shi a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 2019, ikon yana aiki a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ruwa, Sanitation da Ruwa kuma yana aiki a matsayin magajin doka ga Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa (NIB). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Background, Vision and Mission – National Irrigation Authority |url=https://www.irrigationauthority.go.ke/background-vision-and-mission/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> NIA tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a bangaren noma na Kenya ta hanyar fadada ababen more rayuwa na ban ruwa don rage dogaro da kasar kan aikin gona mai ruwan sama. Babban manufarta ita ce tallafawa tsaron abinci mai ɗorewa da Ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, musamman a cikin ƙasashen da ba su da ruwa da kuma ƙasashen da ke ƙasa (ASALs). <ref name="nia-mission">{{Cite web |title=Background, Vision and Mission |url=https://www.irrigationauthority.go.ke/background-vision-and-mission/ |access-date=14 May 2026 |website=National Irrigation Authority}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin gudanar da ban ruwa a [[Kenya]] ya samo asali ne daga zamanin mulkin mallaka, lokacin da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa tsarin ban ruwa na farko da farko don aikin gona a yankuna kamar Mwea da Hola . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chiera |first=Peter Maina |last2=Mwaruvie |first2=John |last3=Osamba |first3=Joshia |date=January 2024 |title=The Role of Mau Mau Detainees in the Conversion of Desolate Mwea Into Kenyas' Largest Rice Production Settlement Scheme in the 1950's |url=https://www.ijassjournal.com/2024/V7I1/4146663877.pdf |journal=International Journal of Arts and Social Science |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=296–308 |issn=2581-7922 |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Bayan samun 'yancin kai, an kafa Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa a 1966 a karkashin Dokar Ruwa (Cap 347). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Background, Vision and Mission – National Irrigation Authority |url=https://www.irrigationauthority.go.ke/background-vision-and-mission/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> An ba da NIB da farko don haɓaka da sarrafa tsarin daidaitawa na jama'a. Duk da yake NIB ta sami nasarar kula da fadada manyan tsare-tsare kamar Mwea Irrigation Scheme, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-14 |title=History of Mwea irrigation scheme |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2021-06-22-history-of-mwea-irrigation-scheme}}</ref> ci gaban ya kasance a cikin tarihi kuma sau da yawa yana samun kudade da ƙuntatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-12 |title=NIB starts building Sh16 billion Thiba Dam in August |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/nib-starts-building-sh16-billion-thiba-dam-in-august-2115882 |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> Don daidaita gudanar da ban ruwa tare da tsarin mulkin da aka gabatar ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2010 da kuma fadada ikon gudanar da ruwan gona, gwamnati ta soke Dokar 1966. A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 2019, Shugaba Uhuru Kenyatta ya amince da Dokar Ruwa, wanda a hukumance ya buga Hukumar Ruwa ta Kasa a matsayin magajin NIB a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-03 |title=Uhuru signs into law two bills to address food security |url=https://citizen.digital/article/uhuru-signs-into-law-two-bills-to-address-food-security-267423 |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Citizen Digital |language=en-KE }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == An kafa Hukumar kuma ana gudanar da ita ta hanyar Dokar Ruwa No. 14 na 2019. Dokar ta sake fasalin tsarin doka na amfani da ruwan gona a Kenya ta hanyar bayyana matsayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa da na gundumar ke takawa a ci gaban ban ruwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Government of Kenya |date=2021 |title=Legal Notice No. 199: The Irrigation (General) Regulations, 2021 |url=https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/ln/2021/199/eng@2022-12-31/source.pdf |access-date=15 May 2026 |website=Kenya Law |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting |archive-date=2025-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322124252/https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/ln/2021/199/eng@2022-12-31/source.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A karkashin wannan tsarin, NIA tana aiki a madadin gwamnatin kasa don gudanar da manyan tsare-tsaren jama'a da kayan aikin ruwa tsakanin yankuna, yayin da a lokaci guda ke ba da tallafin fasaha da na kudi ga matsakaici da ƙananan tsare-tsare da aka gudanar a matakin gundumar.<ref name=":0"/> Hukumar tana aiki a karkashin jagorancin manufofi na Ma'aikatar Ruwa, Sanitation da Ruwa. == Ayyuka da ayyuka == Sashe na 7 na Dokar Ruwa ta 2019 ya tsara ayyukan doka na hukuma. Babban aikinta sun hada da: <ref name="nia-mission"/> * Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa: Zane, ginawa da inganta ababen more more rayuwa na ban ruwa don tsarin kasa da na jama'a. * Taimako na Ƙananan: Bayar da shawarwari na fasaha da sabis na tallafi ga manoma masu zaman kansu, matsakaici da ƙananan manoma tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatocin gundumar. * Kungiyoyin Masu Amfani da Ruwa (WUAs): Sauƙaƙe kafawa da haɓaka ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin masu amfani da ruwa na gida da kwamitocin warware rikice-rikice don gudanar da ayyukan matakin makirci. * Bincike da Tallace-tallace: Inganta ajiya mai aminci, sarrafawa da tallace-tallye na kayan aikin gona da kiwon kifi da aka shuka a kan tsarin ban ruwa, da kuma gudanar da bincike na aiki kan farashin amfanin gona da fasahar noma ta zamani. * Haɗin kai: Haɗin sulhu da amfani da ƙasa a kan tsare-tsaren jama'a da ke ratsa yankuna da yawa. == Tsarin ƙungiya == Hedikwatar NIA tana da hedikwatar a gidan Unyunyizi a kan hanyar Lenana a [[Nairobi]]. Babban jami'in zartarwa ne ke kula da ayyukanta na yau da kullun kuma kwamitin daraktoci ne ke sarrafa su. Hukumar tana aiki ta hanyar sassan gudanarwa da fasaha da yawa. === Tashoshin bincike da rassa === Don tallafawa aikinta, NIA tana gudanar da tashoshin bincike na aikin gona, gami da Cibiyar Ci gaban Aikin Gona ta Mwea (MIAD), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development (MIAD) Centre – National Irrigation Authority |url=https://www.irrigationauthority.go.ke/mwea-irrigation-agricultural-development-miad-centre/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar Binciken Ruwa ta Ahero (AIRS), da kuma wurare a Hola da Bura. Har ila yau, Hukumar tana aiki da rassa biyu na kasuwanci - Mwea Rice Mills Ltd (MRM) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-10 |title=Kerugoya High Court extends order suspending privatisation of Mwea rice mills |url=https://citizen.digital/article/kerugoya-high-court-extends-order-suspending-privatisation-of-mwea-rice-mills-n372761 |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=Citizen Digital |language=en-KE}}</ref> da Western Kenya Rice Mills (WKRM) - waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin masana'antun sarrafawa don niƙa da kunshin shinkafa da aka saya daga manoma. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ofhbmapcp65c0rnsu4guhf9s0s04lqa 0 155327 891958 886948 2026-08-06T09:53:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ɗabi'un jima'i''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''ɗabi'un jima'i''' ko '''ɗabi'un jima'i''' ) wani reshe ne na falsafa wanda ke la'akari da ɗabi'un ko ɗabi'un [[Ayyukan jima'i na ɗan adam|ɗabi'un jima'i na ɗan adam]] . <ref name="plato_stanford_edu">{{Citation|journal=Uri}}</ref> Ɗabi'un jima'i suna neman fahimtar, kimantawa, da kuma sukar alaƙar mutane da ayyukan jima'i daga mahangar zamantakewa, al'adu, da falsafa. Wasu mutane suna ɗaukar fannoni na jima'i na ɗan adam kamar [[Asalin jinsi|gano jinsi]] da yanayin jima'i, da kuma yarda, [[Ayyukan jima'i na ɗan adam|dangantakar jima'i]] da haihuwa, a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da batutuwan ɗabi'un jima'i. A tarihi, ra'ayoyin da ake da su game da abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗabi'ar jima'i suna da alaƙa da koyarwar addini da falsafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sexual Ethics &#124; Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sexual-ethics |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Kwanan nan, juyin juya halin jima'i ya ƙalubalanci ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a na gargajiya, kuma ƙungiyar mata ta jaddada zaɓi da yarda da kai a cikin ayyukan jima'i, musamman ga mata. == Kalmomi da mahallin falsafa == Kalmomin ''ɗabi'a'' da ''ɗabi'a'' galibi ana amfani da su a musayar ra'ayi, amma wani lokacin ''ɗabi'a'' tana da alaƙa da hulɗar mutane kuma ana amfani da ''ɗabi'a'' don rufe tambayoyin da suka shafi mutane da kuma waɗanda suka shafi su. Hanyoyi daban-daban na ɗabi'a masu amfani suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ɗabi'a ta asali, misali: * Rashin bin ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a shine ra'ayin ɗabi'a na meta-ethic cewa babu abin da ke daidai ko kuskure a zahiri, kuma duk hukunce-hukuncen ƙima ko dai gina ɗan adam ne ko kuma ba shi da ma'ana. * Dangantaka tsakanin ɗabi'a ita ce ra'ayin da ke nuna cewa hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a suna da alaƙa da ra'ayin mutum. A wasu lokuta wannan kawai bayani ne, a wasu lokutan kuma wannan hanyar ta zama ta al'ada - ra'ayin cewa ya kamata a yi hukunci kan ɗabi'a bisa ga imanin kowace al'ada da ayyukanta. * Tsarin ɗabi'a na duniya baki ɗaya shine ra'ayin ɗabi'a na meta-ethic cewa hukunce-hukuncen ɗabi'a gaskiya ne ko ƙarya, cewa kowa ya kamata ya yi aiki bisa ga tsarin ɗabi'a iri ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gowans |first=Chris |date=2004-02-19 |title=Moral Relativism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/moral-relativism/ |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |language=en}}</ref> Tambayoyi da yawa masu amfani sun taso game da jima'i na ɗan adam, kamar ko ya kamata a aiwatar da ƙa'idodin jima'i ta hanyar doka, ko a ba da amincewar zamantakewa, ko a canza su. == Ra'ayoyi da ci gaban tarihi == === Addini === [[Fayil:Rembrandt_Christ_and_the_Woman_Taken_in_Adultery_(cropped_for_central_figures).jpg|right|thumb|275x275px|''Matar da aka Kama a Zina'' ta Rembrandt ta nuna Yesu da matar da aka kama a zina . Addini yana shafar ra'ayoyi kan batutuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'un jima'i, gami da zina .]] A tarihi ɗabi'a da addini suna da alaƙa sosai. Ɗabi'ar addini galibi tana ɗaukar jima'i a matsayin abin ƙyama, inda "... masana falsafar Kirista suka yi Allah wadai da shi". <ref name="plato_stanford_edu"/> ==== Kiristanci ==== Mazhabobin Kirista gabaɗaya suna da'awar cewa ɗabi'ar jima'i an bayyana ta ne ta hanyar dokokin halitta, Littafi Mai Tsarki da al'ada. <ref name="Cahill 1987 20–28">{{Cite journal |last=Cahill |first=Lisa |date=1987 |title=Current Teaching on Sexual Ethics |journal=Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review |volume=76 |issue=301 |pages=20–28 |issn=0039-3495 |jstor=30090816}}</ref> Haɗin kan ma'aurata a cikin aure da haihuwa muhimman abubuwa ne a cikin ɗabi'un jima'i na Kirista, musamman a cikin koyarwar Cocin Katolika. <ref name="BARNHILL 2013 1–17">{{Cite journal |last=BARNHILL |first=ANNE |date=2013 |title=Bringing the Body Back to Sexual Ethics |journal=Hypatia |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01243.x |issn=0887-5367 |jstor=23352272 |s2cid=144579339}}</ref> [[Thomas Aquinas|St. Thomas Aquinas]] da [[Augustine na Hippo|St. Augustine]] sun kasance wasu daga cikin manyan mutane wajen inganta ɗabi'un Kirista. Augustine ya jaddada aminci, zuriya, da kuma ibada a matsayin kayan ɗabi'un jima'i. <ref name="Cahill 1987 20–28"/> Thomas Aquinas ya haɓaka tunanin Augustine don nuna cewa ya kamata a fahimci waɗannan a matsayin ƙarshen aure guda uku, kuma ya sanya su a jerin mahimmanci, tare da haihuwa a matsayin babban ƙarshen. === Falsafa === Har sai lokacin zamani ya kasance ana ɗaukar jima'i a matsayin wani abu mai kyau a tarihin falsafar yamma: "Plato ya raina shi, yana jayayya cewa ya kamata ya kai ga wani abu mafi girma ko mafi kyau (Phaedrus, Symposium), Aristotle bai ambaci hakan ba kwata-kwata, kuma masana falsafar Kirista sun yi Allah wadai da shi." Babban batu a cikin falsafar jima'i kuma wanda ya shafi batun matsayin ɗabi'a na jima'i shine rashin yarda, inda rashin yarda da jima'i shine ɗaukar mutum a matsayin abin jima'i kawai. Manufar ta samo asali ne daga falsafar ɗabi'a ta Kant, kuma masu tunani da yawa na zamani sun yi amfani da ita don suka da kuma nazarin batutuwa daban-daban na ɗabi'a da suka shafi jima'i, kamar batsa. [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] yana ɗaukar jima'i a matsayin abin da aka yarda da shi kawai a cikin yanayin auren mace da namiji, na tsawon rai, da kuma auren mace ɗaya, yayin da duk wani jima'i da aka yi a waje da wannan mahallin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abin da ba daidai ba ne a ɗabi'a . Wannan ya faru ne saboda fassarar Kant na Nau'in ...   Mafita ga matsalar rashin yarda da jima'i gabaɗaya, a ra'ayin Kant, ita ce aure: Aure ne kawai zai iya sa a jure wa rashin yarda. Kant ya yi jayayya cewa a cikin aure, wanda shine "dangantaka da aka tsara ta hanyar hukumomi ta hanyoyin da ke haɓaka kuma, aƙalla a doka idan ba ta da ɗabi'a ba, tana tabbatar da girmama juna da girmamawa", {{Rp|225}}ƙiyayya na iya zama mara lahani. Bugu da ƙari, ba duk ayyukan jima'i ba ne dole ne a yi musu ƙazafi a nan: jima'i wanda ba ya haɗa da sha'awar jima'i zai iya ɗaukar wani mutum a matsayin abu kawai kuma don haka ba zai zama ƙazafi ba. Duk da haka, Kant bai bambanta tsakanin jima'i tsakanin namiji da mace ba, kuma bincikensa bai yi la'akari da tsarin zamantakewa ko tsarin sha'awar jima'i mara daidaituwa a cikin aure ko a wajen aure ba. {{Rp|224}}Yawancin masu tunani na zamani suna ganin hujjar Kant a matsayin abin da ba za a iya musantawa ba. == Haƙƙoƙin jima'i a matsayin haƙƙin ɗan adam == <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>  === Ra'ayoyi na yanzu da na tarihi === Daga mahangar [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin ɗan adam]] da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, yarda ta zama babbar matsala a cikin ɗabi'un jima'i. Duk da haka, a tarihi, ba lallai ne hakan ya kasance haka ba. A cikin tarihi, an haramta nau'ikan ayyukan jima'i na amincewa, kamar zina, fasikanci, jima'i tsakanin ƙabilu ko addinai daban-daban, 'luwadi' (duba [[Dokar Sodomy|dokokin luwadi]] ); yayin da a lokaci guda aka haramta saduwa da mata daban-daban kamar fyade ga bawa, karuwa, maƙiyin yaƙi, musamman ma matar aure, ba haramun ba ne. An haramta yin fyade ga aure kwanan nan, wanda ya faru a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma har yanzu ana bin doka a wurare da yawa a duniya - wannan ya faru ne saboda wasu ba sa ɗaukar wannan aikin a matsayin fyade. A Burtaniya, an sanya fyade ga aure a matsayin haramun kwanan nan kamar 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marital Rape Law in the UK: what is it? |url=https://www.lawtonslaw.co.uk/resources/what-are-the-legal-penalties-for-marital-rape/ |access-date=2019-04-12 |website=Lawtons Solicitors (UK)}}</ref> A wajen Yamma, a ƙasashe da yawa, yarda har yanzu ba ta da mahimmanci kuma an haramta wasu ayyukan jima'i na amincewa. Misali, zina da luwadi har yanzu haramun ne a ƙasashe da yawa. Yawancin tsarin ɗabi'a na zamani sun yarda cewa jima'i yana halatta ne kawai idan duk mahalarta suka yarda. Ɗabi'ar jima'i kuma tana la'akari da ko mutum yana da ikon bayar da izini da kuma irin ayyukan da zai iya amincewa da su yadda ya kamata. A ƙasashen yamma, manufar doka ta " yarda da aka sani " sau da yawa tana kafa ƙa'idodin jama'a kan wannan batu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Katie |date=27 January 2017 |title=Sexual Violence, Consent, and Contradictions: A Call for Communication Scholars to Impact Sexual Violence Prevention |url=https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=pursuit |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302115055/https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=pursuit |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yara, nakasassu, masu tabin hankali, marasa lafiya masu tabin hankali, dabbobi, fursunoni, da mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin tasirin ƙwayoyi kamar barasa za a iya ɗauka a wasu yanayi a matsayin rashin ikon bayar da izini da aka sani. A Amurka, ''Maouloud Baby da Jihar'' shari'a ce ta kotu ta jiha da ta yanke hukuncin cewa mutum zai iya janye izinin jima'i kuma ci gaba da yin jima'i ba tare da izini ba na iya zama fyade. Haka kuma, idan ya kamu da cutar da ake kamuwa da ita ta hanyar jima'i, yana da mahimmanci mutum ya sanar da abokin tarayya kafin saduwa da jima'i. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stein |first=Michael D. |last2=Freedberg |first2=Kenneth A. |last3=Sullivan |first3=Lisa M. |last4=Savetsky |first4=Jacqueline |last5=Levenson |first5=Suzette M. |last6=Hingson |first6=Ralph |last7=Samet |first7=Jeffrey H. |date=1998-02-09 |title=Sexual Ethics |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |volume=158 |issue=3 |pages=253–7 |doi=10.1001/archinte.158.3.253 |issn=0003-9926 |pmid=9472205 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ayyukan jima'i waɗanda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne, kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin marasa ɗa'a, saboda rashin yarda sun haɗa da [[Fyade|fyaɗe]] da cin zarafi . Yarjejeniyar sha'awa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin taken "Eh yana nufin eh", maimakon aure, yawanci shine babban abin da ɗabi'ar jima'i mai sassaucin ra'ayi ta mayar da hankali a kai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corinna |first=Heather |author-link=Heather Corinna |date=23 May 2007 |title=What Is Feminist Sex Education? |url=http://www.scarleteen.com/article/politics/what_is_feminist_sex_education |access-date=October 3, 2010 |website=Scarleteen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corinna |first=Heather |author-link=Heather Corinna |date=2010-05-11 |title=How Can Sex Ed Prevent Rape? |url=http://www.scarleteen.com/blog/heather_corinna/2010/05/11/how_can_sex_ed_prevent_rape |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228161021/http://www.scarleteen.com/blog/heather_corinna/2010/05/11/how_can_sex_ed_prevent_rape |archive-date=2013-12-28 |access-date=October 3, 2010 |website=Scarleteen}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin wannan ra'ayi rashin yarda, rashin faɗin "A'a", ba yarda ba ne. <ref name="LEDmemo">{{Cite web |last=A number of American Law Institute members |date=May 12, 2015 |title=Sexual Assualt &#91;sic&#93; at the American Law Institute--Controversy Over the Criminalization of Sexual Contact in the Proposed Revision of the Model Penal Code |url=http://lcbackerblog.blogspot.com/2015/05/sexual-assualt-at-american-law.html |access-date=June 28, 2015 |website=lcbackerblog.blogspot.com |publisher=Larry Catá Backer |format=quoted memorandum of ALI members |quote=Section 213.0(5) defines "sexual contact" expansively, to include any touching of any body part of another person, whether done by the actor or by the person touched. Any kind of contact may qualify; there are no limits on either the body part touched or the manner in which it is touched….}}</ref> Mutum zai iya bayar da izini ga wani aikin jima'i, duk da haka, bai yarda da shiga wasu ayyukan jima'i ba tare da sake tabbatar da izini ba. Manufar yarda ita ce babban mai sasantawa kan ɗabi'un jima'i da ɗabi'un kirki ya jawo suka daga falsafar mata da ta addini. Sukar addini ta yi jayayya cewa dogaro da yarda kawai don tantance ɗabi'a ya yi watsi da wasu abubuwan ɗabi'un kirki na ciki, yayin da sukar mata ke jayayya cewa yarda ta yi faɗi sosai kuma ba koyaushe take la'akari da yanayin iko mara daidaito ba. <ref name="BARNHILL 2013 1–17"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGuinness |first=Kate |date=1993 |editor-last=Sharp |editor-first=Gene |title=Gene Sharp's Theory of Power: A Feminist Critique of Consent |journal=Journal of Peace Research |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=101–115 |doi=10.1177/0022343393030001011 |issn=0022-3433 |jstor=424728 |s2cid=143552716}}</ref> Matsayin mata na mata na zaɓen jinsi ya fi fifiko ga iyali, al'umma, jiha, da coci. Dangane da yanayin tarihi da al'adu, ra'ayoyin mata kan jima'i ya bambanta sosai. Wakiltar jima'i a kafofin watsa labarai, masana'antar jima'i, da batutuwa masu alaƙa da yarda da jima'i duk tambayoyi ne da ka'idar mata ke ƙoƙarin magancewa. Muhawarar da ta samo asali daga bambancin ra'ayoyin mata ta kai ga ƙarshen shekarun 1970 da 1980. Sakamakon bambancin ra'ayi tsakanin mata da maza shine wanda ya bambanta waɗannan mata waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa tsarin ubanci ya sa yarda ba zai yiwu ba a wasu yanayi, yayin da mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suka yi ƙoƙarin sake fasalta da kuma sake sarrafa abin da ake nufi da zama mace. Tambayoyi game da ɗabi'un jima'i sun kasance masu dacewa da ka'idar mata. <ref name="Leidholdt">{{Cite book|last3=Dorchen Leidholdt}}</ref> An zargi masu ra'ayin mata na farko da kasancewa 'ba dole ba' sakamakon faɗin cewa kamar yadda yake ga maza, ba lallai ba ne mata su yi jima'i da nufin sake haihuwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Parsons |first=Elsie Clews |date=July 1916 |title=Feminism and Sex Ethics |journal=The International Journal of Ethics |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=462–465 |doi=10.1086/intejethi.26.4.2376467 |issn=1526-422X |doi-access=free}}</ref> A farkon ƙarni na 20, marubutan ra'ayin mata sun riga sun yi nazari game da dangantaka tsakanin namiji da mace daidai gwargwado (kodayake wannan yana da son zuciya na maza) da kuma ra'ayin cewa dangantaka ya kamata ta kasance ta gaskiya, cewa alamar nagarta a cikin dangantaka ita ce gaskiyarta maimakon dorewarta. Kafa mizani don ramawa a cikin dangantaka ya canza ra'ayoyin jima'i daga wajibi zuwa kusanci. <ref name=":0" /> === Shekarun yarda === [[Shekarar yarda|Shekarun yarda]] kuma muhimmin batu ne a cikin ɗabi'un jima'i. Tambaya ce mai sarkakiya ko ya kamata a bar yara ƙanana su yi jima'i don nishaɗi ko kuma su yi ayyukan jima'i kamar yin jima'i . Muhawarar ta haɗa da ko yara ƙanana za su iya yarda su yi jima'i da juna ko a'a, da kuma ko za su iya yarda su yi jima'i da manya. A wurare da yawa a duniya, ba a ba wa mutane izinin yin jima'i bisa doka ba har sai sun kai shekaru da aka ƙayyade. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Age of Consent Laws By Country |url=https://www.ageofconsent.net/world |access-date=2016-09-25 |website=www.ageofconsent.net}}</ref> Shekarun yarda suna da matsakaicin shekaru kusan 16. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Are you old enough? |url=http://www.unicef.org/rightsite/433_457.htm#to_have_sex |access-date=13 October 2016 |website=UNICEF.org}}</ref> Wasu yankuna suna da dokokin 'Romeo da Juliet', waɗanda ke sanya tsari a kusa da dangantakar matasa a cikin wani takamaiman shekaru, amma ba sa ba da izinin saduwa da waɗanda ke sama ko ƙasa da wani takamaiman shekaru. == Aure == A dukkan al'adu, jima'i da aka yarda da shi a cikin aure abin yarda ne. A wasu al'adu jima'i a wajen aure abin jayayya ne, idan ba za a yarda da shi gaba ɗaya ba, ko ma haramun ne. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar Saudiyya, Pakistan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Voices – August 21, 2008 |url=http://www.eyeontheun.org/voices.asp?p=632 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121175822/http://www.eyeontheun.org/voices.asp?p=632 |archive-date=January 21, 2013 |website=Eyeontheun.org}}</ref> Afghanistan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.aidsportal.org/news_details.aspx?ID=4236 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081026065259/http://www.aidsportal.org/news_details.aspx?ID=4236 |archive-date=2008-10-26 |publisher=AIDSPortal}}</ref> <ref name="travel.state.gov">{{Cite web |title=Iran |url=https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1142.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801084310/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1142.html |archive-date=2013-08-01 |publisher=Travel.state.gov}}</ref> Iran, <ref name="travel.state.gov" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database |url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/2f5665ae20b956cb8025675a0033cafb?Opendocument |publisher=Unhchr.ch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture of Maldives – history, people, clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ja-Ma/Maldives.html |website=Everyculture.com}}</ref> Morocco, Oman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children – Oman |url=http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaOman.pdf |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516065620/http://www.interpol.com/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaOman.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2016 |publisher=Interpol}}</ref> Mauritania, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2011 |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Mauritania |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154358.htm |publisher=State.gov}}</ref> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Education in Dubai |url=http://www.dubaifaqs.com/education-dubai.php |website=Dubaifaqs.com |access-date=2026-06-06 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142640/http://www.dubaifaqs.com/education-dubai.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sudan, Yemen, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47387b712f.html/ |publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> duk wani nau'in jima'i a wajen aure haramun ne. Kamar yadda masanin falsafa Michel Foucault ya lura, irin waɗannan al'ummomi galibi suna ƙirƙirar wurare ko bambance-bambance a waje da kansu inda za a iya yin jima'i a waje da aure. A cewar ka'idarsa, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mutane da ke zaune a gidajen karuwai, mafaka, a cikin jiragen ruwa, ko a gidajen yari ke nuna ɗabi'un jima'i marasa kyau. An 'yantar da bayyanar jima'i daga ikon zamantakewa a irin waɗannan wurare yayin da, a cikin al'umma, ana sarrafa jima'i ta hanyar kafa aure wanda ke haramta jima'i a zamantakewa. Akwai nau'ikan aure daban-daban da yawa, amma a yawancin al'adun da ke yin aure, jima'i bayan aure ba tare da amincewar abokin tarayya ba galibi ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin ɗabi'a. Akwai batutuwa da yawa masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin rukunin aure. Idan wani memba na aure ya yi jima'i da wani mutum ba tare da izinin matarsa ba, ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin aminci . A wasu al'adu, wannan aikin ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin da'a idan matar ta yarda, ko kuma an yarda da shi matuƙar abokin auren bai yi aure ba yayin da wasu al'adu na iya ɗaukar duk wani jima'i a wajen aure a matsayin abin da bai dace ba, tare da ko ba tare da izini ba. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin aure ya kawo batun jima'i kafin aure inda mutanen da za su iya zaɓar su yi aure a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu, su yi jima'i da abokan hulɗa waɗanda za su iya ko ba za su iya ba. Al'adu daban-daban suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ɗabi'un irin wannan ɗabi'a, wasu suna Allah wadai da shi yayin da wasu kuma suna ganin hakan a matsayin al'ada kuma abin karɓa ne. === Jima'i kafin aure === Akwai mutane, ƙungiyoyi da al'adu waɗanda ke ɗaukar [[Jima'i Kafin Aure|jima'i kafin aure]] a matsayin rashin ɗabi'a, ko ma zunubi, kuma suna kiran irin wannan ɗabi'a da fasikanci . A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ana ƙara ɗaukar jima'i kafin aure a matsayin wanda ba a ƙin yarda da shi a zamantakewa ko a ɗabi'a ba, musamman a cikin al'adun Yamma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-15 |title=Global Views on Morality: Premarital Sex |url=http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/04/15/global-morality/table/premarital-sex/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806121232/http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/04/15/global-morality/table/premarital-sex/ |archive-date=2018-08-06 |access-date=2016-09-24}}</ref> === Jima'i bayan aure === Hakazalika, amma wataƙila fiye da jima'i da mutanen da ba su yi aure ba, jima'i bayan aure ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin lalata ko zunubi ga wasu, kuma ana kiransa zina, rashin aminci ko "maguɗi", yayin da wasu al'adu, ƙungiyoyi ko mutane ke ɗaukar jima'i bayan aure a matsayin abin karɓa. === Ba auren mace ɗaya ba === Auren mace ɗaya, musamman a cikin al'ummomin Kirista, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin al'ada, kuma ba a yarda [[Auren mata da yawa|da auren mace fiye]] da ɗaya ba. Ko a cikin al'ummomin da suka fi auren mata fiye da ɗaya, ana ɗaukar auren mata fiye da ɗaya a matsayin abin da ba za a yarda da shi ba. A yau, al'adar, musamman a al'adun Yamma, auren mata fiye da ɗaya ko aure a buɗe yana haifar da matsalolin ɗabi'a ko ɗabi'a. == Mutane da al'ummomi == Yawancin al'ummomi ba sa amincewa da mutumin da ke cikin matsayi mai iko ya yi jima'i da wanda ke ƙarƙashinsa. Wannan sau da yawa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin rashin ɗa'a kawai a matsayin karya amana . Idan mutumin ya yi amfani da matsayin iko a wurin aiki, wannan na iya zama cin zarafin jima'i, saboda waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsa ba za su iya ba da izini mai kyau ga cin zarafin jima'i ba saboda tsoron sakamako. Ana kuma kallon lalata tsakanin yara da iyaye a matsayin cin zarafin matsayi da iko, ban da rashin iyawar yaro ya bayar da izini . Lalacewar tsakanin manya ba zai iya haɗawa da wannan rashin yarda ba, saboda haka, ba a fayyace shi sosai ga yawancin masu lura ba. Ƙungiyoyi da yawa na ƙwararru suna da ƙa'idodi da ke hana yin jima'i tsakanin membobi da abokan cinikinsu. Misalai a ƙasashe da yawa sun haɗa da likitocin tabin hankali, masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, likitoci, da lauyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai dokoki da ke hana irin wannan cin zarafin iko ta hanyar firistoci, masu wa'azi, malamai, masu ba da shawara kan addini, da masu horarwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Lafiyar jama'a === [[Fayil:AIDS-prévention-Chad.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Wani allon talla a [[Cadi|Chadi]] yana ƙarfafa aminci, kauracewa shan [[Kwararon roba|kwaroron roba]], da kuma amfani da shi don taimakawa wajen hana [[Kanjamau|cutar AIDS]]]] A ƙasashen da ake ɗaukar lafiyar jama'a a matsayin abin damuwa ga jama'a, akwai kuma batun yadda jima'i ke shafar lafiyar mutane. A irin waɗannan yanayi, inda akwai tasirin lafiya sakamakon wasu ayyukan jima'i, akwai tambayar ko mutane suna da alhakin ɗabi'a ga jama'a gabaɗaya game da halayensu. Irin waɗannan damuwar na iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwaje akai-akai don [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|kamuwa da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i]], bayyana kamuwa da cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i, ɗaukar alhakin ɗaukar matakan kariya daga jima'i mafi aminci, ɗabi'ar jima'i ba tare da amfani da maganin hana haihuwa ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar ɗaukar ciki ba tare da shiri ba da yara da ba a so, da kuma irin kulawar da mutum yake buƙatar ɗauka don biyan buƙatunsa ga lafiyar jama'a gabaɗaya. Ci gaba da haka, za a sami ƙarin takunkumi kan tilasta wa mutane shiga aikin soja, yayin da yawan jama'a a duniya ke ƙaruwa sosai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stokes |first=Walter R. |date=1962 |title=Our Changing Sex Ethics |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/349142 |journal=Marriage and Family Living |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=269–272 |doi=10.2307/349142 |issn=0885-7059 |jstor=349142 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Amma dangane da aiki, da kuma ta hanyar Malthusianism na zamani, sanya iyaka kan adadin jarirai da mutum zai iya haifa yana kama da ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin da muke bi don iyakance shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Duk da haka, wannan ya kawo manyan batutuwa na ɗabi'a kan abin da za a yi idan iyalai suka wuce gona da iri. === Ladabi ga jama'a === Dokokin suturar doka da zamantakewa galibi suna da alaƙa da jima'i. A Amurka, akwai dokoki da yawa game da tsirara. Mutum ba zai iya yin tsirara ko da a gidansa ba idan jama'a za su iya ganinsu. Waɗannan dokokin galibi ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Duk da haka, Hawaii, Texas, New York, Maine, da Ohio suna ba wa dukkan mata damar yin tafiya ba tare da sutura ba a duk wuraren da maza ba sa sutura. A California ba haramun ba ne a yi tafiya tsirara a cikin daji, amma ana wulaƙanta shi. Haka kuma a wuraren shakatawa na jihohi doka ce a yi wanka da rana sai dai idan wani ɗan ƙasa mai zaman kansa ya yi korafi, to za a cire mutum daga wurin da ƙarfi idan mutumin bai bi ka'ida ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A wasu lokutan ana ɗaukar shan nono a bainar jama'a a matsayin kuskure, kuma ana ƙarfafa iyaye mata su rufe kansu da bargo ko kuma su je banɗaki don shayar da jaririnsu. A lokuta da yawa, dacewar shayarwa a bainar jama'a ana yanke hukunci ne ta hanyar hukuncin uwa. Babu wata doka ta gaske da ta hana shan nono a bainar jama'a sai dai wurare biyu a Illinois da Missouri. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Aikin jima'i == Ana musayar ayyukan jima'i daban-daban don kuɗi ko wasu kayayyaki a faɗin duniya. Matsayin ɗabi'a game da [[Ayyukan jima'i|aikin jima'i]] na iya dogara ne akan nau'in aikin jima'i da ake ciniki da shi da kuma yanayin da ake ciniki da shi, misali akwai ƙarin damuwa game da ɗabi'a game da soke 'yancin kai a yanayin da ake fataucin mata [[Safarar Mutane|masu lalata]] . Aikin jima'i ya kasance wani batu na musamman da ke raba kan [[Feminism|mata]] . Wasu masu ra'ayin mata na iya ɗaukar aikin jima'i a matsayin misali na zaluncin zamantakewa da ma'aikatan jima'i ke yi wa ma'aikatan jima'i ta hanyar ubangida . Hujjar ɗabi'a da ke ƙarƙashin wannan matsayi ita ce duk da amincewar da ma'aikatan jima'i suka yi, zaɓin yin aikin jima'i ba zaɓi ne mai cin gashin kansa ba, saboda matsin tattalin arziki, iyali ko zamantakewa. Ana iya ɗaukar aikin jima'i a matsayin abin da mata ke so . Ra'ayi mai akasin haka da wasu masu ra'ayin mata kamar [[Wendy McElroy]] ke da shi shine cewa aikin jima'i hanya ce ta ƙarfafa mata, hujjar a nan ita ce a cikin aikin jima'i mata suna iya cire ikon tunani da na kuɗi akan maza wanda hakan gyara ne mai kyau na rashin daidaiton iko da ke cikin al'ummar ubangida. Wasu masu ra'ayin mata na ɗaukar aikin jima'i a matsayin kawai nau'in aiki wanda ba shi da kyau ko mara kyau, amma yana fuskantar irin waɗannan matsalolin na sauran nau'ikan aikin. Idan aka ɗauki aikin jima'i a matsayin wanda bai dace ba, to akwai takaddama kan waɗanne ɓangarorin kwangilar ne ke da alhakin keta haƙƙin ɗabi'a ko na shari'a. A al'ada, a cikin al'ummomi da yawa, ana ɗora nauyin laifi na shari'a da na ɗabi'a galibi akan masu yin jima'i maimakon masu siye. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, wasu ƙasashe kamar Sweden, Norway da Iceland sun sake rubuta dokokinsu don hana siyan ayyukan jima'i amma ba sayar da su ba (kodayake har yanzu suna riƙe da dokoki kuma suna amfani da dabarun aiwatarwa waɗanda masu yin jima'i ke cewa suna cutar da lafiyarsu, kamar matsa lamba kan a kori masu yin jima'i daga gidajensu ). == Luwaɗi == A zamanin da, Levant, an jefe mutanen da suka aikata ayyukan luwaɗi har lahira a daidai lokacin da matasa Alcibiades suka yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin [[Socrates]] don ya sami hikima daga gare shi. Kamar yadda Plato ya gabatar a cikin taronsa, Socrates bai "yi soyayya" da matasa Alcibiades ba, sai ya yi masa mu'amala kamar yadda mahaifinsa ko ɗan'uwansa za su yi lokacin da suka kwana suna raba bargo. A cikin taron Xenophon, Socrates ya yi magana da ƙarfi game da mazan da ke sumbatar junansu, yana mai cewa yin hakan zai sa su zama bayi, wato, haɗarin wani abu da ya yi kama da jaraba ga ayyukan luwaɗi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yawancin masu ra'ayin addini na zamani tun lokacin da aka kafa Utilitarianism, misali TM Scanlon da Bernard Williams, sun gina tsarin ɗabi'a inda luwaɗi abu ne na zaɓin mutum ɗaya kuma inda aka amsa tambayoyin ɗabi'a ta hanyar roƙon rashin tsoma baki a cikin ayyukan da suka shafi manya masu yarda. Duk da haka, tsarin Scanlon, musamman, yana tafiya ta ɗan bambanta da wannan kuma yana buƙatar cewa babu mutumin da ya cika wasu sharuɗɗa da zai iya ƙin ƙa'idar da ke hukunta ko kuma ya la'anci wani aiki. A ƙarƙashin tsarin Scanlon, yana da wuya a ga yadda mutum zai gina ƙa'ida da ke la'antar luwaɗi kai tsaye, kodayake wasu ayyuka, kamar fyaɗen luwaɗi, har yanzu za su kasance misalai na ɗabi'a marasa kyau. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Duba kuma ==  <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == * [https://www.utilitarian.org/texts/oursexethics.html Bertrand Russell. Ɗabi'unmu na Jima'i, 1936] * [http://www.goodmorals.org/smith5.htm Janet Smith. Dokar Halitta da Ɗabi'ar Jima'i] * John Jefferson Davis: ''Ɗabi'un Evangelical.'' ''Matsalolin da Cocin ke Fuskanta a Yau'' . Presbyterian and Reformed Pub. Co., Phillipsburg, NJ, 1985. ''NB'' .: Fiye da rabin wannan binciken an sadaukar da shi ne ga batutuwan jima'i na ɗan adam, haihuwa, da ilmin halitta. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-87552-222-X|<bdi>0-87552-222-X</bdi>]] * [http://www.iep.utm.edu/sexualit/ Falsafar jima'i. Intanet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] * Stephen J. Schulhofer, ''Jima'i Mara So: Al'adar Tsoro da Rashin Doka'', Harvard University Press; Sabon bugu (5 ga Mayu, 2000), takarda ta ciniki, shafuka 336 * == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} {{Human sexuality and sexology}}{{Sexual ethics}}{{Human sexuality}}{{Ethics}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] omort0yaequxeq7kan0mjmtx233hmvf 0 155653 891844 860537 2026-08-06T04:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jima'i tsakanin maza da mata''' yana ƙunshe da nau'ikan ji da halaye iri-iri. Jin sha'awar [[maza]] na iya faruwa ne sakamakon halaye daban-daban na jiki da zamantakewa na abokin tarayyarsu. [[Ayyukan jima'i na ɗan adam|Halayen jima'i]] na maza na iya shafar su ta hanyar abubuwa da yawa, gami da yanayin da suka samo asali, halayen mutum ɗaya, tarbiyya, da [[al'ada]] . Duk da cewa yawancin maza ba sa son maza, kuma suna sha'awar [[Mace|mata]] kawai, akwai ƙananan tsiraru na maza masu luwaɗi da kuma matakai daban <ref name="Syst.Rev. 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eaton |first=A.D. |last2=Scheadler |first2=T.R. |last3=Bradley |first3=C. |last4=McInroy |first4=L.B. |date=September 2023 |title=Identity development, attraction, and behaviour of heterosexually identified men who have sex with men: scoping review protocol |journal=[[Systematic Reviews (journal)|Systematic Reviews]] |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |volume=12 |issue=184 |page=184 |doi=10.1186/s13643-023-02355-6 |issn=2046-4053 |pmc=10542689 |pmid=37777815 |s2cid=263231942 |doi-access=free}}</ref> na maza masu <ref name="Bailey16">{{Cite journal |last=Bailey |first=J. Michael |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul |last3=Diamond |first3=Lisa |last4=Breedlove |first4=S. Marc |author-link4=Marc Breedlove |last5=Vilain |first5=Eric |last6=Epprecht |first6=Marc |date=2016 |title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075 |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=45–101 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637616 |pmid=27113562 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Sha'awar jima'i == === Abubuwan jiki === Bincike ya nuna cewa maza suna yawan sha'awar [[Mace|mata]] matasa <ref name="youth">{{Cite book|last1=vanc}}</ref> masu daidaiton jiki. Daidaiton fuska, mace, da matsakaicin hali suma suna da alaƙa da kyau. Maza yawanci suna ganin [[Nono|nonon mata]] yana da kyau <ref name="BussCh5" /> kuma wannan gaskiya ne ga al'adu daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jan Havlíček |last2=Vít Třebický |last3=Jaroslava Varella Valentova |last4=Karel Kleisner |last5=Robert Mbe Akoko |last6=Jitka Fialová |last7=Rosina Jash |last8=Tomáš Kočnar |last9=Kamila Janaina Pereira |last10=Zuzana Štěrbová |last11=Marco Antonio Correa Varella |last12=Jana Vokurková |last13=Ernest Vunan |last14=S Craig Roberts |date=2017 |title=Men's preferences for women's breast size and shape in four cultures |url=https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/24421/1/EHB-15-265R1.pdf |journal=Evolution and Human Behavior |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=217–226 |bibcode=2017EHumB..38..217H |doi=10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.002 |hdl-access=free |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214043331/https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/24421/1/EHB-15-265R1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dixson |first=Barnaby J |last2=Vasey |first2=Paul L |last3=Sagata |first3=Katayo |last4=Sibanda |first4=Nokuthaba |last5=Linklater |first5=Wayne L |last6=Dixson |first6=Alan F |date=2011 |title=Men's preferences for women's breast morphology in New Zealand, Samoa, and Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46404564 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=1271–1279 |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9680-6 |pmid=20862533 |s2cid=34125295}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frank W. Marlowe |date=2004 |title=Mate preferences among Hadza hunter-gatherers |url=https://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/readings/Marlowe-hadza-mate-selection-criteria.pdf |journal=Human Nature |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=365–376 |doi=10.1007/s12110-004-1014-8 |pmid=26189412 |s2cid=9584357 |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2019-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214043330/https://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/readings/Marlowe-hadza-mate-selection-criteria.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rinjin nono da nono ya zama mafi mahimmancin ingancin kyawun nono. Maza sun kimanta mata masu duhun nono da duhun areola a matsayin mafi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke da launin shuɗi ko areola. <ref name="Dixson Grimshaw Linklater Dixson 2010 pp. 51–58">{{Cite journal |last=Dixson |first=Barnaby J. |last2=Grimshaw |first2=Gina M. |last3=Linklater |first3=Wayne L. |last4=Dixson |first4=Alan F. |date=2010-02-19 |title=Eye Tracking of Men's Preferences for Female Breast Size and Areola Pigmentation |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=51–58 |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9601-8 |issn=0004-0002 |pmid=20169468}}</ref> An gano cewa nonon matsakaicin girman kofi shine mafi kyau, duk da haka marubuta sun lura cewa maza sun fi mai da hankali kan launin nonuwa da areola maimakon girman nono. <ref name="Dixson Grimshaw Linklater Dixson 2010 pp. 51–58" /> Wani bincike ya gano cewa an fi son mata masu launin fata mai haske a tarihi. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Van den Berghe PL, Frost P |date=September 13, 2010 |title=Skin color preference, sexual dimorphism and sexual selection: A case of gene culture co-evolution? |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=9 |pages=87–113 |doi=10.1080/01419870.1986.9993516 |quote=an overwhelming cross-cultural preference for lighter skin}}</ref> Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya yi tambaya game da sahihancin wannan binciken, wanda ya gano cewa an fi son mata masu launin fata mai duhu. Nazarin gwaji ya nuna cewa fararen maza sun fi sha'awar mata masu launin fata mai launin ruwan kasa, maimakon mata masu launin fata mai haske. [ 12 ] Mata a Yamma sun yi imanin cewa maza sun fi sha'awar mata masu launin fata mai duhu, wanda hakan ke bayyana dalilin da ya sa mata suka fi son launin fata fiye da maza, a cewar wani bincike na 2017. [ 13 ] Akwai alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin launin fata da kuma kyawun da ake gani a tsakanin matasa mata. An danganta bambancin launin fata da sha'awar jima'i tsakanin maza a al'adu da yawa. <ref name="Fisher 2017 p. 581" /> Mata suna da idanu da lebe masu duhu fiye da maza, musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran siffofin fuskarsu, kuma wannan siffa tana da alaƙa da kyawun mace da mace, duk da haka yana rage kyawun namiji a cewar wani bincike. <ref name="Russell 2009 pp. 1211–1219" /> Mata na iya amfani da kayan kwalliya kamar lipstick da inuwar ido don ƙara bambancin launin fuskarsu, ko kuma don ƙara tazara tsakanin idanunsu da gira. <ref name="Fisher 2017 p. 581" /> Wani bincike na 2009 ya gano cewa mutanen Gabashin Asiya suna da bambancin fatar fuska fiye da fararen fata, saboda yawan duhun idanunsu. <ref name="Russell 2009 pp. 1211–1219">{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=Richard |date=2009-01-01 |title=A Sex Difference in Facial Contrast and its Exaggeration by Cosmetics |url=https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/psyfac/4 |journal=Perception |publisher=SAGE Publications |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=1211–1219 |doi=10.1068/p6331 |issn=0301-0066 |pmid=19817153 |s2cid=136762 |url-access=subscription |quote=P.1213: "Female faces had greater facial contrast than male faces in both the East Asian and the Caucasian samples, and the East Asian faces (with dark eyes) had greater facial contrast than the Caucasian faces (with lighter eyes). A 2 (sex) 62 (race) analysis of variance (ANOVA) of facial contrast found significant main effects of sex and race.}}</ref> [[Fayil:Waist_to_hip_ratio-en.svg|right|thumb|287x287px|Kwatanta rabon kugu zuwa kugu mai kyau (0.7) da rabon kugu zuwa kugu mai kyau (0.9)]] Mata masu ƙarancin kugu zuwa kugu (WHR) ana ɗaukar su mafi kyau. Daidaiton rabon ya bambanta tsakanin al'adu, ya danganta da WHR na mata a cikin al'adun yankin. A al'adun Yamma, ana fifita WHR na 0.70. Sauran abubuwan da ke jawo hankali sun haɗa da cikakken lebe, mace a fuska, dogon gashi mai sheƙi, ƙarancin girman jiki, da kuma ƙarancin kewayen kugu. Fifiko ga siririn jiki ko mai kiba yana da bambancin al'adu, amma ta hanyar da za a iya hasashenta. A cikin al'adun da abinci ke da ƙarancin yawa, kiba yana da alaƙa da matsayi mafi girma kuma yana da kyau, amma akasin haka gaskiya ne a cikin al'adun masu arziki. <ref name="BussCh5" /> Maza galibi suna fifita matansu su zama ƙanana fiye da su, amma dangane da bambancin al'adu. Tsofaffi maza suna fifita bambancin shekaru, yayin da matasa maza suna fifita mata fiye da su. Daidaiton yadda ake ɗaukar kamannin jiki da muhimmanci wajen zaɓar abokin zama na dogon lokaci ya bambanta tsakanin al'adu. === Abubuwan da ba na jiki ba === Lokacin zabar abokan hulɗa na dogon lokaci, maza da mata suna son waɗanda suke da hankali, kirki, fahimta, da lafiya. Suna kuma nuna fifiko ga abokan hulɗa waɗanda ke da irin wannan dabi'u, halaye, hali, da imani na addini. Muhimmancin tsaftar kafin aure ya bambanta sosai dangane da al'ada, da kuma imanin addini da kuma yanayin jima'i na mutum. A al'adun Yamma, muhimmancin da darajar tsaftar jiki ya ragu a tsakanin mutanen da ke da bambancin jinsi. Daga cikin halaye 18 daban-daban, tsaftar jiki an sanya ta a matsayi na 10 mafi muhimmanci a shekarar 1939, amma ta 17 ce kawai mafi muhimmanci a shekarar 1990. == Halin jima'i == Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga halayen jima'i na maza. Waɗannan sun haɗa da halaye masu tasowa, kamar sha'awar jima'i na yau da kullun, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ɗaiɗaikun mutane da zamantakewa da suka shafi tarbiyya, hali, da kuma matsayin dangantaka. === Sha'awar jima'i na yau da kullun === Idan aka kwatanta da mata, maza suna da sha'awar jima'i na yau da kullun . A matsakaici, maza suna nuna sha'awar saduwa da mata daban-daban, suna barin ɗan lokaci kaɗan kafin neman jima'i, suna rage matsayinsu sosai lokacin da suke neman saduwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, suna da ƙarin tunanin jima'i da ƙarin mafarki da suka shafi abokan hulɗa daban-daban, suna ba da rahoton cewa suna da sha'awar jima'i mafi girma, suna neman alamun cin zarafin jima'i don zama mai jan hankali ga saduwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, suna jin nadama fiye da jima'i akan rasa damar jima'i, suna da yawan hulɗar aure bayan aure kuma suna iya neman haɗuwa da [[wiktionary:friend with benefits|abokai masu fa'ida]], da ziyartar [[Karuwanci|karuwai]] akai-akai. Sau da yawa ana danganta wannan da damuwa ta aminci da zamantakewa idan ana maganar jima'i na yau da kullun ga mata, kuma bambance-bambance suna ɓacewa lokacin da aka yi la'akari da haɗari kuma an tabbatar da jin daɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women like casual sex just as much as men do &#124; the University Record |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/a2801-women-like-casual/}}</ref> === Tarbiyya da kuma hali === Wani bincike yana da abubuwa da dama da ke shafar shekarun fara jima'i tsakanin matasa 'yan shekara 13-18. Waɗanda suka fito daga iyalai da iyayensu biyu ke halarta, daga manyan fannoni na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, waɗanda suka fi yin aiki a makaranta, sun fi addini, waɗanda ke da tsammanin iyaye mafi girma, kuma suna jin kamar iyayensu suna kula da su, sun nuna ƙarancin matakan jima'i a duk faɗin rukunin shekaru a cikin binciken. Akasin haka, waɗanda ke da girman kai a jiki sun nuna ƙarin matakan jima'i. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lammers |first=Cristina |last2=Ireland |first2=Marjorie |last3=Resnick |first3=Michael |last4=Blum |first4=Robert |date=2000-01-01 |title=Influences on adolescents' decision to postpone onset of sexual intercourse: a survival analysis of virginity among youths aged 13 to 18 years |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=42–48 |doi=10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00041-5 |pmid=10638717}}</ref> === Zamantakewa === Mazan da ke cikin dangantaka mai himma suna da ƙayyadadden [[Jima'i na zamantakewa|yanayin zamantakewa]], kuma za su sami halaye daban-daban na jima'i idan aka kwatanta da mazan da ke da yanayin zamantakewa mara iyaka. Mazan da ke da yanayin zamantakewa mai iyaka ba za su yarda su yi jima'i a waje da dangantakar da suka amince da ita ba kuma suna yin aiki bisa ga sha'awarsu ta sadaukarwa da kusanci da abokin tarayyarsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=J. A. |last2=Gangestad |first2=S.W. |year=1991 |title=Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=870–883 |bibcode=1991JPSP...60..870S |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870 |pmid=1865325}}</ref> Maza masu ƙanƙantar da jinsi ba sa fuskantar mata waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kugu zuwa kugu (0.68–0.72), waɗanda aka ƙiyasta su a matsayin mafi kyawun jiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brase |first=G.L. |last2=Walker |first2=G. |year=2004 |title=Male sexual strategies modify ratings of female models with specific waist-to-hip ratios |journal=Human Nature |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=209–224 |doi=10.1007/s12110-004-1020-x |pmid=26190413 |s2cid=6260947}}</ref> === Zuba jarin iyaye da ake tsammani === Elizabeth Cashdan <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Cashdan |first=Elizabeth |year=1993 |title=Attracting mates: Effects of paternal investment on mate attraction strategies. |journal=Ethology and Sociobiology |volume=14 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1016/0162-3095(93)90014-9}}</ref> ta ba da shawarar cewa dabarun abota tsakanin jinsi biyu sun bambanta dangane da yawan jarin da ake sa ran iyaye za su zuba daga namiji, kuma ta ba da tallafin bincike don hasashenta. Lokacin da maza ke sa ran samar da babban matakin jarin iyaye, za su yi ƙoƙarin jawo hankalin mata ta hanyar jaddada ikonsu na saka hannun jari. Bugu da ƙari, mazan da ke sa ran saka hannun jari za su fi nuna tsarkinsu da amincinsu fiye da mazan da ba sa sa ran saka hannun jari. Mazan da ke da tsammanin saka hannun jarin iyaye kaɗan za su nuna sha'awarsu ga mata. Cashdan ta yi jayayya cewa binciken ya goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa mazan da ke sa ran saka hannun jari suna jaddada tsarkinsu da amincinsu, wanda dabara ce mai tsada (saboda tana rage damar haihuwa), tana nuna cewa wannan nau'in ɗabi'ar dole ne ta zama mai amfani, ko kuma ba za a zaɓi ɗabi'ar ba. <ref name=":3" /> === Tabbatar da Uba === Tabbatar da uba shine gwargwadon yadda namiji ya san ko ya yarda cewa ɗan mace nasa ne. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greene |first=P.J. |date=1978 |title=Promiscuity, paternity, and culture. |journal=American Ethnologist |volume=5 |pages=151–159 |doi=10.1525/ae.1978.5.1.02a00110 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin al'ummomin da ke da auren mata fiye da ɗaya, maza suna jin ƙishin jima'i sosai idan akwai ƙarancin tabbacin uba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiederman |first=M.W |last2=Allgeier |first2=E.R |date=1993 |title=Gender differences in sexual jealousy: Adaptionist or social learning explanation? |journal=Ethology and Sociobiology |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=115–140 |doi=10.1016/0162-3095(93)90011-6}}</ref> Wannan saboda ba sa son ɓata lokaci, kuzari da albarkatu akan yaron da ba nasu ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buunk |first=B.P. |last2=Angleitner |first2=A |last3=Oubaid |first3=V |last4=Buss |first4=D.M. |date=1996 |title=Sex differences in jealousy in evolutionary and cultural perspective: Tests from the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States. |journal=Psychological Science |volume=7 |issue=6 |pages=359–363 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00389.x |s2cid=27485391}}</ref> Bambance-bambancen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki tsakanin al'adu suma suna shafar tabbacin ubanci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wood |first=W |last2=Eagly |first2=A.H. |date=2002 |title=A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men: implications for the origins of sex differences. |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=699–727 |bibcode=2002PsycB.128..699W |doi=10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.699 |pmid=12206191 |s2cid=6751650}}</ref> A cikin ƙasa mai "haihuwa ta halitta" kamar Namibia, kashi 96% na maza suna nuna kishin jima'i. <ref name="Scelza">{{Cite journal |last=Scelza |first=B.A. |date=2014 |title=Jealousy in a small-scale, natural fertility population: the roles of paternity, investment and love in jealous response. |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7sk5m5gd |journal=Evolution and Human Behavior |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=103–108 |bibcode=2014EHumB..35..103S |doi=10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.11.003 |s2cid=18381206}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, akwai yiwuwar rasa uba da rashin tabbas na uba idan akwai rashin magungunan hana haihuwa. <ref name="Scelza"/> === Cin zarafin jima'i === Maza sun fi mata yin [[fyade]] . Wataƙila fyaɗe wani abu ne da ba ya daidaita wasu hanyoyin da aka samo asali, kamar sha'awar bambancin jima'i da kuma jima'i ba tare da saka hannun jari ba, jin daɗin damar jima'i, da kuma ikon cin zarafi na jiki gaba ɗaya. Matsayin jinsi na maza da kuma jin daɗin haƙƙin jima'i gabaɗaya da na jima'i, waɗanda galibi ana amincewa da su a cikin al'ummomin uba da na daban, suna annabta halaye da halaye masu alaƙa da fyaɗe a cikin maza. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hill |first=M. S. |last2=Fischer |first2=A. R. |year=2001 |title=Does entitlement mediate the link between masculinity and rape-related variables? |journal=[[Journal of Counseling Psychology]] |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=39–50 |doi=10.1037/0022-0167.48.1.39 |issn=1939-2168}}</ref> Duk da haka, yana iya zama cewa zaɓin juyin halitta a cikin yanayin kakannin a wasu lokuta ya fi son maza waɗanda suka yi fyaɗe, wanda ke haifar da fyaɗe kanta ya zama daidaitawa . Masana daga fannoni da dama sun soki wannan ra'ayin. David Buss ya bayyana cewa babu wata shaida bayyananniya ta kowace hanya. <ref name="BussCh11" /> == Luwaɗi == [[Fayil:Gay_Men_Pride_Flag.svg|thumb|Tutar maza 'yan luwadi]] === Yanayin jima'i da asalin jima'i === <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Tsarin jima'i yana nufin sha'awar mutum ga maza, mata, ko duka biyun. Yawancin masu bincike da ke nazarin tsarin jima'i suna mai da hankali kan tsarin sha'awa maimakon hali ko asali, saboda al'ada tana shafar bayyanar hali ko asali kuma sha'awa ce ke motsa hali da asali, ba akasin haka ba. <ref name="Bailey16"/> Baya ga kasancewa namiji ko [[Jima'in jinsi|mace]], mutane na iya zama nau'ikan jinsi daban-daban. <ref name="Bailey16"/> <ref name="SW16">{{Cite journal |last=Savin-Williams |first=Ritch |date=2016 |title=Sexual Orientation: Categories or Continuum? Commentary on Bailey et al. (2016) |journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=37–44 |doi=10.1177/1529100616637618 |pmid=27113561 |s2cid=11576354 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bailey ''et al.'' sun bayyana cewa suna tsammanin cewa a cikin dukkan al'adu, yawancin mutane suna da sha'awar jima'i kawai ga ɗayan jinsi, tare da tsirarun da ke da sha'awar jima'i iri ɗaya, ko da kuwa ba su da sha'awar jima'i ko a'a. <ref name="Bailey16" /> A cikin binciken Yamma, kusan kashi 93% na maza sun gano cewa su ma maza ne gaba ɗaya, kashi 4% galibi maza ne, kashi 0.5% daidai gwargwado maza ne, kashi 0.5% galibi maza ne, da kuma kashi 2% gaba ɗaya maza ne. <ref name="Bailey16" /> <ref name="SW16" /> Wani bincike na bincike 67 ya gano cewa yawan jima'i tsakanin maza (ba tare da la'akari da yanayinsu ba) ya kai kashi 3-5% a Gabashin Asiya, kashi 6-12% a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, kashi 6-15% a Gabashin Turai, da kuma kashi 6-20% a Latin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Caceres |first=C. |last2=Konda |first2=K. |last3=Pecheny |first3=M. |last4=Chatterjee |first4=A. |last5=Lyerla |first5=R. |date=2006 |title=Estimating the number of men who have sex with men in low and middle income countries |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=82 |issue=Suppl. III |pages=iii3–iii9 |doi=10.1136/sti.2005.019489 |pmc=2576725 |pmid=16735290}}</ref> [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta kiyasta yawan maza a duniya da ke yin jima'i da maza tsakanin kashi 3 zuwa 16%. Ana iya auna yanayin jima'i ta hanyar bayar da rahoto kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar ilimin halittar jiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ilimin halittar jiki, ciki har da auna tsayin azzakari, lokacin kallo, FMRI, da faɗaɗa ɗalibi. A cikin maza, duk waɗannan suna nuna babban alaƙa da ma'aunin bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, <ref name="Bailey16"/> gami da maza waɗanda ke ba da rahoton kansu a matsayin "mafi yawan madaidaiciya" ko "mafi yawan 'yan luwaɗi". <ref name="SW16"/> Tasirin da jima'i tsakanin jinsi ɗaya ke da shi ga asalin zamantakewa ya bambanta a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Tambayar yadda al'adu ta hanyar tarihi suka fahimci sha'awar da halayen luwaɗi abu ne da ake muhawara a kai. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Martha}}</ref> A mafi yawan duniyar zamani, ana bayyana asalin jima'i bisa ga jinsin abokin tarayya. Duk da haka, a wasu sassan duniya, galibi ana bayyana jima'i a zamantakewa bisa ga ayyukan jima'i, ko mutum yana shiga (" sama ") ko kuma an shiga (" ƙasa "). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clark |first=Jesse L. |last2=Caceres |first2=Carlos F. |last3=Lescano |first3=Andres G. |last4=Konda |first4=Kelika A. |last5=Leon |first5=Segundo R. |last6=Jones |first6=Franca R. |last7=Kegeles |first7=Susan M. |last8=Klausner |first8=Jeffrey D. |last9=Coates |first9=Thomas J. |date=2007 |title=Prevalence of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Associated Characteristics among Low-Income Urban Males in Peru |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=2 |issue=8 |pages=e778 |bibcode=2007PLoSO...2..778C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000778 |pmc=1945085 |pmid=17712426 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Dalilai === Duk da cewa babu wata ka'idar dalili da ta sami goyon baya sosai, akwai shaidu da yawa da ke goyon bayan dalilan da ba na zamantakewa ba na sha'awar jima'i fiye da na zamantakewa, musamman ga maza. Wannan shaida ta haɗa da alaƙar al'adu tsakanin luwaɗi da rashin bin ƙa'idodin jinsi na yara, tasirin kwayoyin halitta matsakaici da aka samu a cikin binciken tagwaye, shaida ga tasirin hormones na lokacin haihuwa akan tsarin kwakwalwa, tasirin tsarin haihuwa na 'yan'uwa, da kuma gano cewa a lokuta masu wuya inda aka renon jarirai maza a matsayin 'yan mata saboda nakasar jiki, duk da haka sun zama masu sha'awar mata. Dalilan zamantakewa da aka yi hasashe suna samun goyon baya ne kawai ta hanyar shaidar rauni, waɗanda aka gurbata ta hanyar abubuwa da yawa masu rikitarwa. <ref name="Bailey16"/> Shaidun al'adu daban-daban kuma sun fi karkata ga dalilai marasa zamantakewa. Al'adun da suka jure wa luwaɗi sosai ba su da yawan hakan. Halin luwaɗi ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin yara maza a makarantun kwana na maza da mata na Burtaniya, amma manyan 'yan Burtaniya waɗanda suka halarci irin waɗannan makarantu ba su da yuwuwar shiga cikin halayen luwaɗi fiye da waɗanda ba su yi ba. A cikin mawuyacin hali, Sambia ta al'ada tana buƙatar 'ya'yansu maza su shiga cikin halayen luwaɗi a lokacin samartaka kafin su sami damar yin jima'i da mata, duk da haka yawancin waɗannan yara maza suna zama masu sha'awar maza. Ba a fahimci cikakken dalilin da yasa kwayoyin halittar luwaɗi, ko barin ta ta bunƙasa, komai yadda take ba, ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin tarin kwayoyin halitta ba. Wani hasashe ya ƙunshi zaɓin dangi, yana nuna cewa 'yan luwaɗi suna saka hannun jari sosai a cikin danginsu don rage farashin rashin haifuwa kai tsaye. Wannan ba a sami goyon bayan bincike a al'adun Yamma ba, amma bincike da yawa a [[Samoa]] sun sami goyon baya ga wannan hasashe. Wani hasashe ya ƙunshi kwayoyin halittar da ke adawa da jima'i, waɗanda ke haifar da luwaɗi lokacin da aka bayyana a cikin maza amma suna ƙara yawan haihuwa lokacin da aka bayyana a cikin mata. Nazarin da aka yi a al'adun Yamma da waɗanda ba na Yamma ba sun sami goyon baya ga wannan hasashe. <ref name="Bailey16"/> An yi hasashen cewa halayen luwaɗi na iya zama daidaitawa ga alaƙar jinsi ɗaya ko haɗin gwiwa, <ref name="muscarella" /> <ref name="kirkpatrick" /> kodayake wannan halin zai bambanta a cikin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin mutane <ref name="muscarella">{{Cite journal |last=Muscarella |first=Frank |date=2000 |title=The evolution of homoerotic behavior in humans |journal=Journal of Homosexuality |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=51–77 |doi=10.1300/j082v40n01_03 |pmid=11195666 |s2cid=38348044}}</ref> kuma yana faruwa sau da yawa lokacin da gasa ga abokan hulɗa mata ta yi tsanani. <ref name="kirkpatrick">{{Cite journal |last=Kirkpatrick |first=R.C. |date=2000 |title=The evolution of human homosexual behavior |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a824/a2048a7edf20449831498ee9ec169f1b7cb9.pdf |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=385–413 |doi=10.1086/300145 |pmid=10768881 |s2cid=19396995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302191033/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a824/a2048a7edf20449831498ee9ec169f1b7cb9.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> Masanin ilimin halayyar juyin halitta David Buss ya soki wannan hasashe, yana mai cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa yawancin samari a yawancin al'adu suna amfani da halayyar luwaɗi don kafa haɗin gwiwa; maimakon haka, al'ada ita ce kada a haɗa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jinsi ɗaya da wani aikin jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, ya bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa mazan da ke yin halayen luwaɗi sun fi sauran maza kyau wajen ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa ko haɓaka matsayi. <ref name="BussCh5" /> Wasu masu bincike sun kuma soki shi, suna mai cewa bayanan al'adu daban-daban kan ayyukan jima'i ba su da tsari kuma ba su daidaita ba; cewa babu buƙatar ɗauka cewa halayen luwaɗi, fiye da kowane halayen jima'i, yana ƙarƙashin zaɓi kai tsaye maimakon zama samfurin tsaka tsaki; cewa hasashe ya yi watsi da wanzuwar yanayin jima'i ; cewa ya saɓa wa binciken da aka yi cewa mazan da ke da halayyar luwaɗi ko mazan da ke da alaƙa da ... cewa ɗabi'ar ɗan luwaɗi ta asali ba abu ɗaya ba ne kuma ta bambanta a cikin da kuma a tsakanin nau'ikan halittu; kuma tunda ana zaɓar abokan jima'i na jinsi ɗaya bisa ga motsin rai na jima'i (sabanin bonobos, misali), irin wannan haɗin gwiwa zai faru ne kawai kamar yadda sha'awar jima'i ta juna take, kuma irin wannan bambancin zai nuna rashin ƙira ta hanyar zaɓin halitta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blackwood |first=Evelyn |last2=Dickemann |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Jones |first3=Doug |last4=Muscarella |first4=Frank |last5=Vasey |first5=Paul |date=2000 |title=Comments on 'The evolution of human homosexual behavior' |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a824/a2048a7edf20449831498ee9ec169f1b7cb9.pdf |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=398–403 |doi=10.1086/300145 |pmid=10768881 |s2cid=19396995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302191033/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a824/a2048a7edf20449831498ee9ec169f1b7cb9.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> == Duba kuma ==  <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline|Male sexuality}} {{Navboxes|list={{Human sexuality}} {{Evolutionary psychology}} {{Sexual identities}} {{Bisexuality topics}} {{LGBTQ|state=collapsed|main=expanded}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 50825fu543aso2sd35t36p4n1qsjfar 0 158628 891680 886473 2026-08-05T13:08:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumomin Ruwa''' suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bangaren samar da ruwa da tsabtace muhalli a Afirka ta Kudu. Suna gudanar da madatsun ruwa, manyan kayayyakin samar da ruwa, wasu kayayyakin rarraba ruwa na cikin gida da wasu tsarin kwashe ruwan kazanta. Wasu kuma suna ba da agajin fasaha ga kananan hukumomi. Ta hanyar rawar da suke takawa wajen gudanar da madatsun ruwa, suna kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da albarkatun ruwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dws.gov.za/io/wsi.aspx|title=Water Boards|accessdate=27 December 2024|publisher=Republic of South Africa, Department of Water and Sanitation|archive-date=27 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227151452/https://www.dws.gov.za/io/wsi.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hukumomin Ruwa suna ba da rahoto ga Ma'aikatar Al'amuran Ruwa (DWA).<ref>{{cite web|last=Republic of South Africa, Department of Water Affairs|title=Water Service Institutions|url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IO/wsi.aspx|accessdate=4 September 2012|archive-date=10 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110105642/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/IO/wsi.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hukumomin Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu (duba lissafin da ke kasa), baki daya sun raba ruwa a fakaice ga mutane sama da miliyan 24 a cikin kananan hukumomi 90 a shekarar 2005, wanda ke daidai da kusan rabin al'ummar Afirka ta Kudu. Manyan Hukumomin Ruwa guda uku - Rand Water a Jihar Gauteng, Umgeni Water a Jihar KwaZulu Natal da Overberg Water – suna yi wa mutane miliyan 10, miliyan 4, da miliyan 2 hidima a fakaice. Wannan ya ninka sau uku (miliyan 18) idan aka kwatanta da duka sauran kananan hukumomin ruwa 12 a hade (miliyan 6).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dbsa.org/Research/Documents/Infrastructure%20Barometer.pdf|title=Infrastructure Barometer|year=2006|page=123|publisher=Development Finance Institution South Africa|access-date=2012-09-04|archive-date=2012-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225121737/http://www.dbsa.org/Research/Documents/Infrastructure%20Barometer.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rand Water tana da tarihin da ya wuce shekaru 100<ref name="tvlguide-88">{{cite book|title=A Guide to the Transvaal|year=1905|publisher=Bartholomew & Lawlor|page=88|chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/aguidetotransva00unkngoog#page/n111/mode/1up/search/water|author=H. T. Montague Bell, C. Arthur Lane, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Meeting, South African Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate=11 August 2010|chapter=The Rand Water Supply}}</ref> a yankin Gauteng, wanda shi ne cibiyar masana'antu ta Afirka ta Kudu. Tana siyan ruwa daga DWA, ta tace shi, sannan ta sayar da shi ga manyan masana'antu, ma'adanai, da kananan hukumomi. ==Lissafin Hukumomin Ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu== <ref>AfDevInfo:[http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_70331.html Water Boards]</ref><ref>[http://www.pmg.org.za/files/docs/090902mpumalanga.ppt Mntambo, 2 Sep 2009. Department of Water Affairs (Mpumalanga) Support and Intervention to Local Government Institutions. Presentation to the Portfolio Committee on Water and Environmental Affairs]</ref> * Amatola Water Board (East London, Eastern Cape) yanzu ya hada da Albany Coast Water Board wanda ya yi wa yankin Boesmansriviermond hidima, Eastern Cape) * Bloem Water (Bloemfontein, Free State) * Lepelle Northern Water (Phalaborwa, Limpopo) * Magalies Water (Tehabane - Rustenburg, North West) * Mhlathuze Water (Richards Bay, KwaZulu Natal)<ref>{{Cite news|author=(Advertorial) |title=Mhlathuze Water in a nutshell |date=21 May 2015 |newspaper=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-05-21-mhlathuze-water-in-a-nutshell/ }}</ref> * Overberg Water (Heidelberg CP, Western Cape) * Rand Water (Johannesburg, Gauteng) * Sedibeng Water (Bothaville, Free State) (da can ana kiranta Goudveld Water)<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://new.sedibengwater.co.za/ | title=Sedibeng Water - Sustaining the Source and Flow of Life Forever | access-date=2026-06-19 | archive-date=2020-12-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202054003/https://new.sedibengwater.co.za/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> * Umgeni Water (Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu Natal) (Ofishin Yanki yana Durban) Wadannan Hukumomin Ruwa na shayar da dabbobi masu zuwa za a canza su zuwa kungiyoyin masu amfani da ruwa (duba Sashe na 98(1) na Dokar Ruwa ta Kasa):<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Policies/NWRS/Sep2004/Chapter3Part5.doc |title=National Water Resource Strategy. 2004. Chapter 3, Part 5 – Water Management Institutions |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2017-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207110123/https://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Policies/NWRS/Sep2004/Chapter3Part5.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/nw_act/NWA.pdf |title=National Water Act |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2018-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219191855/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Legislature/nw_act/NWA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kalahari East Water Board (Upington, Northern Cape) (da can ana kiranta Kalahari-Oos Waterraad) * Kalahari West Water Board (Upington, Northern Cape) * Karos-Geelkoppen Water Board (Joostepan, Northern Cape) == Hukumomin Ruwa da Aka Soke == * Botshelo Water (Mmabatho, North West) (da can ana kiranta Bophuthatswana Water Supply Authority sannan kuma North-West Water Supply Authority Board) (an soke ta ranar 1 Afrilu 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/37503gon239.pdf|title=Disestablishment of Botshelo Water|last=Department of Water Affairs|date=1 April 2014|website=Government Gazette|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> * Bushbuckridge Water Board (Mafmani/Nelspruit, Mpumalanga) (an soke ta ranar 1 Afrilu 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/37503gon241.pdf|title=Disestablishment of Bushbuckridge Water|last=Department of Water Affairs|date=1 April 2014|website=Government Gazette|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> * Namakwa Water (Nababeep, Northern Cape) (an soke ta ranar 8 Afrilu 2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/34185gon312.pdf|title=Disestablishment of Namakwa Water Board|last=Department of Water Affairs|date=8 April 2011|website=Government Gazette|access-date=July 8, 2019}}</ref> * Nkangala Water board (Belfast, Mpumalanga) (an soke ta)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/10535/|title=Department of Water & Environmental Affairs & Water Boards: Water Pricing &Tariffs 2009/10 &#124; PMG}}</ref> * Pelladrift Water Board (Northern Cape) <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dwaf.gov.za/IO/wsiData.aspx |title=South Africa Department of Water and Sanitation |access-date=2026-06-19 |archive-date=2014-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211144147/https://www.dwaf.gov.za/IO/wsiData.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> (an soke ta ranar 30 Oktoba 2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201501/38099gon810.pdf|title=Disestablishment of Pelladrift Water Board|last=Department of Water and Sanitation|date=15 October 2014|website=Government Gazette|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> ==Bayanai na Nuni== {{reflist}} 5afyu53hyk9fgk0hprqs8xpm9szs1sp 0 158893 891871 886894 2026-08-06T05:30:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jirgin Likoni sabis ne na jirgin ruwa a fadin Kilindini Harbour, yana aiki da birnin Kenya na [[Mombasa]] tsakanin Tsibirin Mombasa da yankin Likoni. Jiragen ruwa masu iyaka biyu suna sauyawa a fadin tashar jiragen ruwa, suna ɗaukar hanya da zirga-zirgar ƙafa. Kamfanin Kenya Ferry Services (KFS) ne ke sarrafa jiragen ruwa, kuma shine kawai sauran sabis na jirgin ruwa ta KFS. Jirgin Likoni ya fara aiki a shekara ta 1937. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KFS History |url=https://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/about-us/about-kfs-ltd/kfs-history |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=www.kenyaferry.co.ke}}</ref> Ayyukan fasinja kyauta ne; motoci (ciki har da tuktuks, babura, da manyan motoci) suna biyan kuɗi. Hanyar tana da kimanin mita 500 (1,600 . == Hidima == [[Fayil:Hamburg_Dradenau_MV_Kwale_MV_Likoni_3735.jpg|left|thumb|Sabbin jiragen ruwa na MV ''Kwale'' da MV ''Likoni'' an rataye su a tashar Dradenau a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Hamburg, Jamus.]] Akwai jiragen ruwa guda bakwai da ke aiki. An sayi MV ''Mvita'' da MV ''Pwani'' a cikin 1969 da 1974, bi da bi; An sayiMV ''Nyayo'', MV ''Harambee'', da MV ''Kilindini'' a hannun biyu a cikin 1990. An sayi MV ''Kwale'' da MV ''Likoni'' a watan Yunin 2010. An sayi MV ''Jambo'' daga Türkiye a shekarar 2020. A cikin shekara ta 2010, an cire ''Harambee'', ''Nyayo'', da ''Kilindini'' daga Lloyd's Register saboda rashin cancanta. Har zuwa watan Mayu na shekara ta 2011, MV ''Nyayo'' har yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman jirgin ruwa na taimako. An shirya Hanyar wucewa ta Dongo Kundu don sauƙaƙe jirgin ruwa mai cike da mutane ta hanyar haɗi. Hanyar za ta gudana daga [[Bakin tekun Diani|Diani]] zuwa Miritini, ta wuce Mombasa kanta. An kuma ba da shawarar gada kai tsaye ko rami daga Likoni zuwa tsibirin Mombasa, amma tsadar gina su ya sa waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ba su yiwuwa ba. A cikin 2018, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta gargadi matafiya game da amfani da jirgin ruwa saboda damuwa game da tsaro.<ref name="KTA">{{Cite web |title=Kenya Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=travel.state.gov |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723180913/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/kenya-travel-advisory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == === Bala'in ''Mtongwe'' (1994) === A ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1994, jirgin ruwa na ''Mtongwe'' da ke kan hanyar zuwa babban yankin ya rushe mita 40 (130 daga tashar jiragen ruwa, inda ya kashe 272 daga cikin mutane 400 da ke cikin jirgin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/2560-246764-uuyore/index.html |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=The East African |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan bala'in, an ba da rahoton cewa ƙarfin jirgin ya kai 300. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, KFS ta biya iyalai 81 jimlar [[Shilling na Kenya|KSh]] 36,902,472 (US $ 486,840). === Abin da ya faru a ''Harambee'' (2019) === A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar 2019, Mariam Kighenda mai shekaru 35 da 'yarta mai shekaru 4 Amanda Wambua sun mutu bayan sun shiga ''Harambee'' lokacin da Toyota Isis ta sauka daga baya zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2019 |title=Search and rescue underway in Kenya after car plunges into ocean |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Car-plunges-into-Indian-Ocean/4552908-5292398-view-asAMP-59w0n4z/index.html |website=The East African}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2019 |title=Mother and daughters identified as victims of Likoni Ferry tragedy |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343853/mother-and-daughters-identified-as-victims-of-likoni-ferry-tragedy |website=Standard Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2019 |title=Body of woman and daughter still trapped 60m underwater |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001343916/body-of-woman-and-daughter-still-trapped-60m-underwater |website=Standard Media}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, ƙungiyar ceto ta yi amfani da robots don gano gawarwakin wadanda abin ya shafa da aka makale a cikin mota. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2019 |title=State using robots to locate Likoni Ferry tragedy victims |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001344131/state-use-robots-to-locate-likoni-ferry-tragedy-victims |website=Standard Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2019 |title=Search for Sunday ferry tragedy victims widened to 9 probable locations |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/10/search-for-sunday-0ferry-tragedy-victims-widened-to-9-probable-locations/ |website=Capital FM Kenya }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, motar da gawarwaki sun kasance a zurfin mita 58 (190 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Divers locate car that slid off Kenyan ferry |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Divers-locate-car-that-slid-off-Kenya-ferry/4552908-5305000-view-asAMP-770qj0z/index.html |website=The East African}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Family of Likoni victims left frustrated as retrieval of bodies is delayed |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001345166/family-of-likoni-victims-left-frustrated-as-retrieval-of-bodies-is-delayed |website=Standard Media}}</ref> An dawo da su bayan kwana biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Likoni Ferry Tragedy, Bodies Finally Retrieved [Video] |url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s |website=Kahawa Tungu |access-date=20 June 2026 |archive-date=11 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011175011/https://www.kahawatungu.com/2019/10/11/breaking-ill-fated-vehicle-in-likoni-ferry-tragedy-finally-retrieved/amp/#aoh=15708157660462&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kudin == Motoci suna biyan KSh 50, motocin sedan suna biyan Ksh 120, ƙananan bas suna biyan K Sh 600, kuma bas suna biyan kSh 1,100.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KFS toll charges |url=http://www.kenyaferry.co.ke/index.php/bonus-pages/about-us |access-date=5 March 2019}}</ref> Masu tafiya da masu tuka keke suna hawa kyauta. == Manazarta == lx9zhs99kr3hbeilnhmgfevhxelkyib 0 158971 891716 886586 2026-08-05T15:10:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hukumar Kula da Tsarin Ruwa da Makamashi ( French Autorité de '''Régulation des secteurs de l'Eau''' ) wata hukuma ce mai zaman kanta ta gwamnatin [[Burundi]] wadda aka ba wa alhakin samar da tsarin fasaha da tattalin arziki na wutar lantarki da ayyukan ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=Burundi establishes WSS Regulator - ESAWAS |url=https://www.esawas.org/index.php/news/16-burundi-establishes-wss-regulator |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.esawas.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Tarihi == Gwamnatin Burundi ta hanyar dokar shugaban kasa mai lamba 100/320 na shekarar 2011, ta hukumar kula da makamashi ta French da ake kira hukumar kula da kula da ) a kan 22 Nuwamba 2011. ACR daga baya aka sake masa suna Hukumar Kula da Ruwan Sha, Wutar Lantarki da Ma'adanai ( French ) a ranar 11 ga Disamba 2015 tare da tsawaita wa'adin kula da sassan ma'adinai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Décret N°100/0120 du 11 décembre 2015 portant statuts de l'Agence de Régulation des Secteurs de l'Eau Potable, de l'Electricité et des Mines "AREEM" en sigle |url=https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2015/12/11/decret-n1000120-du-11-decembre-2015-portant-statuts-de-lagence-de-regulation-des-secteurs-de-leau-potable-de-lelectricite-et-des-mines-areem-en-sigle/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=DECRET NO 100/435 DU OCTOBRE 2014 PORTANT NOMINATION DU DIRECTEUR GENERAL DE L'AGENCE DE CONTROLE ET DE REGULATION DU SECTEUR DE L'EAU POTABLE ET DE L'ELECTRICITE DU BURUNDI (ACR) |url=http://www.presidence.gov.bi/archives/IMG/pdf/decret_100-235_du_24-10-2014-2.pdf |access-date=2026-06-20 |archive-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630120339/http://www.presidence.gov.bi/archives/IMG/pdf/decret_100-235_du_24-10-2014-2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya, gwamnatin Burundi ta amince da '''Hukumar Kula da Bangarorin Ruwa da Makamashi''' ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban Kasa Mai Lamba 100/159 ta 2018 tare da takaitaccen umarni na kula da sassan ruwa da makamashi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Décret n°100/0159 du 05 novembre 2018 portant Statuts de l’Autorité de Régulation des secteurs de l’eau potable et de l’énergie (AREEN) |url=https://www.presidence.gov.bi/2018/11/09/decret-n1000159-du-05-novembre-2018-portant-statuts-de-lautorite-de-regulation-des-secteurs-de-leau-potable-et-de-lenergie-areen/}}</ref> == Wuri == Ofisoshin Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Ruwa da Makamashi suna a, Commune Mukaza, Zone Rohero, Ave. de la JRR House 17, Immeuble le savonnier, Rez-de-chaussee, [[Bujumbura]] city. == Hukuma == AREEN tana kula da sassan ruwa, makamashi, tsaftar muhalli, man fetur da man fetur. Hukumar tana da alhakin bayar da lasisin samar da wutar lantarki, amincewa da harajin ruwa da wutar lantarki da sauran izini. Tana kuma ɗaukar matakan ladabtarwa a kan ƙungiyoyin da suka karya sharuɗɗa da ƙa'idojin izinin da aka bayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=areen.bi – Page 2 – areen |url=https://areen.bi/page/2/ |access-date=2022-06-26 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Hakanan memba ne na Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Makamashi ta Gabashin Afirka . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nishirimbere |first=Olivier |date=2022-06-27 |title=Actualités sur le Burundi dans le Renouveau du Burundi |url=https://lerenouveau.digital/areen-14e-assemblee-generale-de-larea-une-occasion-danalyser-le-pas-deja-franchi-en-matiere-de-regulation-de-lenergie-dans-la-sous-region/ |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=Actualités sur le Burundi |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Kamfanonin wutar lantarki === AREEN yana daidaita [[REGIDESO Burundi]] ( French ), masu sarrafa ƙananan grid da kuma masu samar da wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy Sector – GET.invest |url=https://www.get-invest.eu/market-information/burundi/energy-sector/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shugabanci == Hukumar tana ƙarƙashin kulawar kwamitin gudanarwa, wanda Injiniya Gaëthan Nicayenzi ke jagoranta. Babban daraktan hukumar shine Balthazar Nganikiye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=presidence |url=http://www.presidence.gov.bi/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/30.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == bikdwu9ziuodpgug0gbn1ukywt8zodl 0 159174 891800 886772 2026-08-05T22:42:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=International Journal of STD & AIDS|cover=|editor=Prof Daniel Richardson|discipline=Sexual health Medicine|former_names=|abbreviation=Int. J. STD AIDS|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|country=|frequency=13 times per year|history=1990-present|openaccess=|license=|impact=1.3|impact-year=2024|website=https://journals.sagepub.com/home/std|link1=http://std.sagepub.com/content/current|link1-name=Online access|link2=http://std.sagepub.com/content/by/year|link2-name=Online archive|ISSN=0956-4624|eISSN=1758-1052|OCLC=21176258|LCCN=90642504|CODEN=INSAE3}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox hproduct" |+ class="infobox-title" id="6" style="font-size:125%;" |''<span class="fn">Jaridar Duniya ta STD & AIDS</span>'' ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hanyar horo | class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;" |Magungunan Kiwon Lafiya na Jima'i |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Turanci |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An shirya shi ta hanyar&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Farfesa Daniel Richardson |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Bayani game da bugawa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tarihi | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |1990-ya zuwa yanzu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mai bugawa | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[SAGE Publications|Littattafan SAGE]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matsakaicin lokaci | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |Sau 13 a shekara |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; "><span class="nowrap">[[Impact factor|Matsayi na tasiri]]</span></div> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |1.3 (2024) |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Abun taƙaice <span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;">[https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=International_Journal_of_STD_%26_AIDS ISO 4] ([http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/ Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' Bluebook ([https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/ Alt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624095328/https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/ |date=2026-06-24 }}) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0956-4624%5BISSN%5D NLM] ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS%5BJournal%5D Alt]) • [https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf MathSciNet] ([https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=0956-4624&Submit=Search Alt]) &nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;[[File:Lock-red-alt-2.svg|link=|14x14px|Paid subscription required]]</span> <br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ISO 4 (infobox)|ISO 4]] | class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;" |''Int. J. Cutar AIDS'' |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |IndexingCODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM (alt) • Scopus · W&L<br /><span class="infobox-journal-search plainlinks" style="display:none;">CODEN ([https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=1758-1052 Alt] '''&#xB7;''' [https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=International+Journal+of+STD+%26%2338%3B+AIDS][https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' [[jstor:09564624|JSTOR]] ([https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2 Alt]) '''&#xB7;''' [https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=0956-4624&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2 LCCN] ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=International+Journal+of+STD+%26+AIDS%5BJournal%5D Alt]) MIAR '''&#xB7;''' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0956-4624%5BISSN%5D NLM] (alt) • [https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=0956-4624 Scopus] '''&#xB7;''' [https://managementtools4.wlu.edu/LawJournals/ W&L]&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;<br />&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;&nbsp;&#x20;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[CODEN (identifier)|Rashin lafiya]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |[https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=codens&exactMatch=y&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=INSAE3 INSAE3] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |<span class="value">[https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0956-4624 0956-4624]</span> (bugawa) [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1758-1052 1758-1052] (web) &nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[LCCN (identifier)|LCCN]]</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |[https://lccn.loc.gov/90642504 90642504] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="type">[[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] ba.&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;" |[[oclc:21176258|21176258]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;color:#000;" |Haɗin kai |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;" | * <span class="url">[https://journals.sagepub.com/home/std Shafin farko na jarida]</span> * [http://std.sagepub.com/content/current Samun damar kan layi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103223736/http://std.sagepub.com/content/current |date=2016-11-03 }} * [http://std.sagepub.com/content/by/year Tarihin kan layi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202201816/http://std.sagepub.com/content/by/year |date=2016-12-02 }} |} Jaridar International Journal of STD & AIDS wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce ta kowane wata wacce ke rufe fannin rigakafi kamar yadda aka yi amfani da ita ga cututtukan da ake yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i da [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]]. Babban edita shine Farfesa Daniel Richardson likitan asibiti da ke aiki a Brighton da Sussex Medical School. An kafa shi a cikin 1990 kuma SAGE Publications ne suka buga shi. == Abstracting da indexing == An cire mujallar kuma an jera ta a cikin Index Medicus / PubMed / MEDLINE <ref name="MEDLINE">{{Cite web |title=International Journal of STD & AIDS |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9007917 |access-date=2013-12-20 |website=NLM Catalog |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] |format=}}</ref> da kuma Science Citation Index Expanded . <ref name="ISI">{{Cite web |title=Master Journal List |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |archive-date=2017-09-26 |access-date=2013-12-20 |website=Intellectual Property & Science |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]}}</ref> A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, tasirin tasirinsa na 2012 shine 1.000, yana sanya shi na 62 daga cikin mujallu 69 a cikin rukunin "Cutar cututtuka" da 122 daga cikin muhalli 135 a cikin rukunin ""Immunology". == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://journals.sagepub.com/home/std}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gljxmr3qxqx6xwqukjq4kqqp3u2sm8g 0 159409 891861 886456 2026-08-06T05:25:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumar Ruwa da Magudanar Ruwa ta Ƙasa''' (NWSC) kamfani ne na samar da ruwa da tsaftar muhalli a ƙasar [[Uganda]]. Gaba ɗaya kamfanin na mallakar gwamnatin Uganda ne.<ref name="4R">{{cite web |url=http://www.littlegatepublishing.com/2015/04/water-for-all-national-water-and-sewerage-corporation-nwsc/ |title=Water for All: National Water and Sewerage Corporation |access-date=27 October 2016 |date=27 October 2016 |publisher=Little Gate Publishing |author=Little Gate Publishing |archive-date=27 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027150436/http://www.littlegatepublishing.com/2015/04/water-for-all-national-water-and-sewerage-corporation-nwsc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekarar 2023, kamfanin yana samar da mita kubik 730,000,000 na ruwan sha mai tsafta a kullum ga ƙasar. Wannan idan aka kwatanta shi da mita kubik 276,000,000 na ruwan da ake samarwa a kullum shekaru goma da suka gabata a cikin shekarar 2013, yana wakiltar ƙaruwar kashi 85 cikin ɗari a cikin waɗannan shekaru goma. Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, ruwan da hukumar ke samarwa ba tare da samun kuɗaɗen shiga ba (non-revenue water) ya kasance kashi 34 cikin ɗari, tare da tsare-tsaren rage shi zuwa kashi 30 cikin ɗari nan da shekarar 2029. Adadin mutanen da ke amfana da samar da ruwan NWSC a shekarar 2024 an kiyasta su da mutane miliyan 18, tare da manufar ƙara yawan adadin zuwa miliyan 25 nan da shekarar 2029.<ref name="DataR">{{cite web|url=https://chimpreports.com/nwsc-boosts-water-production-capacity-by-85-to-support-ugandas-growing-population/ |date=16 October 2024 |work=ChimpReports |title=NWSC Boosts Water Production Capacity by 85% to Support Uganda’s Growing Population |access-date=29 December 2024 | author=ChimpReports |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> ==Wuri== Kamfanin, ya zuwa watan Yulin 2018, yana cikin matakan ƙarshe na gina sabon ginin helkwatarsa a lamba 3 a kan Titin Nakasero, a kan Dutsen Nakasero, daura da ginin 'Rwenzori House'.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|url=http://eagle.co.ug/2017/09/01/nwsc-unveil-new-state-art-offices.html |title=NWSC to unveil new state-of-the-art offices |access-date=25 July 2018 |date=1 September 2017 |publisher=Eagle Uganda |author=Eagle Reporter |location=Kampala}}</ref><ref name="6R">{{cite web|access-date=25 July 2018 |date=31 March 2018 |publisher=PMLDaily.com | url=http://www.pmldaily.com/news/2018/03/nwsc-reveals-new-plans-to-shift-head-offices.html |title=NWSC reveals plans to shift head offices |last=Ssebwami |first=Javira |location=Kampala}}</ref> Ruhakana Rugunda, wanda shi ne Firayim Ministan Uganda a lokacin, ya ƙaddamar da sabon ginin helkwatar a watan Yulin shekarar 2018.<ref name="7R">{{cite web|access-date=25 July 2018 | url=https://chimpreports.com/rugunda-launches-nwsc-ambitious-corporate-plan/ |title=Rugunda Launches NWSC Ambitious Corporate Plan |date=21 July 2018 |publisher=Chimp Reports Uganda | author=Chimp Corps |location=Kampala}}</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa NWSC ne ta hanyar Dokar lamba 34 a shekarar 1972 don yi wa yankunan biranen [[Kampala]], Entebbe, da Jinja hidima. A shekarar 1995, aka sake tsara NWSC a ƙarƙashin Dokar NWSC. An ba kamfanin ƙarin iko, cin gashin kansa, da kuma ikon yin aiki da ba da sabis na ruwa da magudanar ruwa a yankunan da aka amince da su, a kan ingantaccen tsarin kasuwanci mai dorewa.<ref name="3R"/> Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na shekarar 2016, birane da garuruwa masu zuwa suna samun sabis daga NWSC:<ref name="3R"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+ '''Birane da Garuruwa da NWSC ke Wa Hidima''' ! style="width:2em;" |Birni!!Gari!!Yankin Karamar Hukuma |- | Kampala || Bushenyi || Kateete |- | Kira || Kigumba || Luweero |- | Gulu || Paidha ||Buyanja |- | Jinja || Kitagata || Butogota |- | Entebbe || Wakiso || Kebisoni |- | Mbale || Pader || Kamwenge |- | Masaka || Kaliro || Kajjansi |- | Mbarara || Malaba || Kanyampanga |- | Hoima || Kisoro || Nyakagyeme |- | Kasese || Iganga || Kaberamaido |- | Mukono || Ishaka || Kanungu |- | Arua || Rukungiri || Aduku |- | Masindi || Amuria || Nebbi |- | Soroti || Apac || Kalalisizo |- | Kitgum || Wobulenzi || Kihihi |- | Bombo || Kabwohe || Nyamirama |- | Kabale || Kiryandongo || Kalaki |- | Lira || Lyantonde || Oteboi |- | Tororo || Kalisizo || Kanyantorogo |- | Fort Portal || Kambuga || Atilis |- | Mubende || Ibanda || Rwerere |- | Njeru || Lugazi || Kangyenyi |- | Mityana ||Ssabagabo || Itendero |- |} ==Tsare-tsaren Haɓakawa== A shekarar 2011,<ref name="8R">{{cite web |access-date=25 July 2018 | url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/blending/kampala-water-lake-victoria-water-and-sanitation-sector-watsan_en |last=European Commission |publisher=European Commission |date=25 July 2018 |title=Kampala Water - Lake Victoria Water And Sanitation Sector (WATSAN) |location=Brussels}}</ref> NWSC ta fara aiwatar da wani shiri na inganta samar da ruwa ga yankin babban birnin Kampala wanda ya haɗa da Birnin Kampala, Gundumar Wakiso, Gundumar Mukono, Nansana, Ssabagabo, da Kira. Shirin, wanda zai ci kuɗi dalar Yuro € miliyan 212, gwamnatin Uganda ce ke ɗaukar nauyinsa (€ miliyan 34), da tallafin KfW (€ miliyan 20), da rance daga Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (€ miliyan 75), da rance daga Hukumar Raya Ƙasashe ta Faransa (€ miliyan 75), da kuma tallafi daga Asusun Amintaccen Kayayyakin More Rayuwa na Tarayyar Turai (€ miliyan 8).<ref name="9R">{{cite web |title=Kampala Water: Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Project (Uganda) |date=27 October 2016 |location=Luxembourg | work=European Investment Bank |url=http://www.eib.org/products/blending/mri/kampala-water-lake-victoria-water-and-sanitation-project-uganda.htm |access-date=27 October 2016 |author=European Investment Bank}}</ref> NWSC ta gina sabuwar matataccen ruwa (Katosi Water Works), a Katosi a Gundumar Mukono tare da ikon samar da lita 120,000 na ruwa a kullum. Tsare-tsaren sun kuma haɗa da gyaran rukunin matatun ruwa na Ggaba (Ggaba 1, Ggaba 2 da Ggaba 3). Tushen ruwan na Katosi yana tallafawa sauran madadin wuraren samar da ruwa da ke da ikon samar da lita 160,000 a kullum.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.water-technology.net/news/news116532.html | title=Uganda to Build $306m Water Treatment Plant in Katosi | publisher=Water-technology.net| date=18 April 2011 |author=Water Technology | access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 July 2015 |location=Kampala | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312101430.html | title=Uganda: Kampala in U.S.$280 Million Revamp for City Water | date=10 December 2013 | publisher=East African Business Week (EABW) via AllAfrica.com |last=EABW Staff}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekarar 2015, NWSC ta sanar da shirin fara hidima ga wasu yankunan karkara na Uganda.<ref name="12R">{{cite web |title=NWSC registers heavy profits |first=Stephen |access-date=6 January 2016 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Markets/NWSC-registers-heavy-profits-to-supply-water-to-rural-areas/-/688606/3000628/-/pl6ip3z/-/index.html |location=Kampala | last=Otage |date=18 December 2015 |newspaper=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2018, NWSC ta ba da hidimarta a garuruwan Uganda guda 225 kuma ta tsara haɗa ayyukanta zuwa ƙauyuka 12,000 a cikin yankunan da take yi wa hidima kafikafin shekarar 2020.<ref name="13R">{{cite web| url=https://theugandan.com.ug/nwsc-kicks-off-project-connect-water-12000-villages/ |title=NWSC Kicks Off Project To Connect Water To 12000 Villages |access-date=25 July 2018 |date=21 March 2018 |publisher=The Ugandan |author=The Ugandan | location=Kampala}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun shekarar 2026, tare da tallafin kuɗi daga Hukumar Raya Ƙasashe ta Faransa, KfW da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, NWSC ta fara faɗaɗa hanyoyin rarraba ruwa a arewacin da yammacin Kampala guda ɗaya da sassan maƙwabta na Gundumar Wakiso. Ayyukan sun haɗa da ƙara ƙarfin samar da ruwa a Katosi Water Works da mita kubik 80,000 kowace rana. Ana shimfiɗa sabbin bututun rarraba ruwa kuma ana ci gaba da gina sabbin wuraren adana ruwa a saman ƙasa. Gwamnatin Faransa ta hannun AFD ta zuba jarin dalar Yuro € miliyan 480. Ana sa ran kammala ginin a kashi na biyu (Q2) na shekarar 2027.<ref name="14R">{{cite web| work=Nile Post Uganda | url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/319982/nwsc-expands-katosi-water-network-to-connect-millions-across-north-kampala |title=NWSC Expands Katosi Water Network to Connect Millions Across North Kampala |date=13 February 2026 |author=Jamila Mulindwa |access-date=13 February 2026 | location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> ==Tashar Wutar Lantarki Don Yin Amfani da Matatun Ruwa na Ggaba== A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2014, NWSC ta yi tallar neman abokin tarayya mai zaman kansa don gina, mallaka, da kuma sarrafa tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta ta megawatt 7 don biyan buƙatun makamashi na kamfanin a matatun ruwa na Ggaba I, Ggaba II, da Ggaba III. Wannan zai rage kuɗin wutar lantarki na NWSC, wanda ya kai kusan Shilling na Uganda biliyan 24 (kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 6.5) a shekara, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 35 cikin ɗari na jimillar kuɗaɗen gudanarwa. Idan aka samu abokin tarayya, zai sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar siyan wutar lantarki ta shekaru 20 tare da NWSC, wanda zai ba da damar sayar da duk wani [[rago]] na wutar lantarki ga babban layin wutar lantarki na ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web | title=NWSC eyes own power plant | date=10 November 2014 | access-date=21 July 2015 | url=http://www.independent.co.ug/business/business-news/9485-nwsc-eyes-own-power-plant- | newspaper=The Independent (Uganda) |author=Julius Businge |url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081840/http://www.independent.co.ug/business/business-news/9485-nwsc-eyes-own-power-plant- |archive-date=18 May 2015 }}</ref> ==Tsarin Gudanarwa== NWSC tana da rarrabuwa da yawa, kowanne yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin darekta, babban manaja, babban jami'i mai gudanarwa, ko manaja.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nwsc.co.ug/index.php/about-us/our-structure |title=National Water and Sewerage Corporation: Our Structure |publisher=National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) |last=NWSC |access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> ==Hukumar Gudanarwa== Membobi biyar na hukumar gudanarwa ne ke tafiyar da NWSC. Injiniya Badru Kiggundu shi ne shugaban hukumar, kuma Injiniya Silver Mugisha shi ne babban darekta kuma babban jami'i mai gudanarwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nwsc.co.ug/board-of-directors/ |title= Board of Directors: National Water and Sewerage Corporation |work=National Water and Sewerage Corporation |date=14 July 2022 |author=National Water and Sewerage Corporation |access-date=14 July 2022 |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> ==Nassoshi== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje== * [http://www.nwsc.co.ug Shafi na Gida na NWSC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312034610/http://nwsc.co.ug/ |date=12 March 2009 }} * [http://www.water-technology.net/projects/kampala/ Shirin Faɗaɗa Samar da Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na Kampala, Uganda] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/NWSC-to-restructure-management--team/-/688334/2799660/-/qcl956/-/index.html NWSC Don Sake Tsara Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa] Ya zuwa 20 ga Yuli 2015. * [https://www.independent.co.ug/how-nswc-is-saving-water-securing-ugandas-future/ Yadda NWSC ke adana ruwa, tare da samar da kyakkyawar makoma ga Uganda] Ya zuwa 26 ga Mayu 2026. sistlgndk0yj0781hjxc8bfjn5qosot 0 159758 891869 867659 2026-08-06T05:30:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Borea''''' yana ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa takwas Turbine waɗanda aka gina don {{Lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Italiya) a ƙarshen shekarun 1920. An sanya mata suna ne saboda iska mai ƙarfi daga arewa, Borea, wadda ta kawo iska mai sanyi da bushewa zuwa yankin Italiya. Jirgin ruwan ya taka rawa kaɗan a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain na 1936-1937, yana goyon bayan masu ra'ayin kishin ƙasa . == Zane da bayanin == An faɗaɗa na'urorin lalata ''injin turbine'' kuma an inganta su da kuma nau'ikan SauroSauro na baya. Tsawonsu gaba ɗaya ya kai {{Convert|93.2|m|ft|0}}, katako mai tsawon {{Convert|9.2|m|ftin}} da matsakaicin daftarin {{Convert|3|m|ftin}} . Sun kori {{Convert|1090|t|LT}} na metric ( masu tsayi a kan nauyin da aka saba, da kuma {{Convert|1700|t|LT|-1}} a kan babban nauyin da aka ɗauka . Sauransu sun haɗa da jami'ai 12 da kuma ma'aikata 167 da aka ɗauka aiki. ''Turbines'' guda biyu masu amfani da injinan Parsons, kowannensu yana amfani da injinan propeller guda ɗaya ta amfani da tururin da injinan girki na Thornycroft guda uku ke bayarwa. An ƙididdige injinan a kan ƙarfin dawaki {{Convert|40000|shp}} don gudun ƙwanƙwasa {{Convert|33|kn}} a cikin aiki, kodayake ''Borea'' ya kai gudun {{Convert|36.5|kn}} a lokacin gwajin teku yayin da take da ɗan lodi. Sun ɗauki isasshen man fetur don ba su nisan {{Convert|3200|nmi}} na ruwa a gudun {{Convert|14|kn}} . Babban batirin su ya ƙunshi guda huɗu <nowiki><span about="#mwt33" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Convert&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Samfuri:Convert&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;120&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mm&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;in&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwQQ" typeof="mw:Transclusion">120-millimeter (4.7</span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt33" data-ve-ignore="" typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt33" data-ve-ignore="">a)</span></nowiki> bindigogi a cikin hasumiyoyin bindigogi biyu masu tagwaye, ɗaya a gaba da baya na babban ginin . An samar da kariya daga jiragen ruwa masu amfani da ''injin turbine'' ta hanyar amfani da wani nau'in kariya mai <nowiki><span about="#mwt34" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Convert&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Samfuri:Convert&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;40&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mm&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;in&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwSw" typeof="mw:Transclusion">40-millimeter (1.6</span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt34" data-ve-ignore="" typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt34" data-ve-ignore="">a)</span></nowiki> Bindigogi na AA a cikin jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya da kuma na'urar ɗaukar bindiga biyu mai tsawon <nowiki><span about="#mwt35" data-cx="[{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;partial&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;targetExists&amp;quot;:true,&amp;quot;mandatoryTargetParams&amp;quot;:[],&amp;quot;optionalTargetParams&amp;quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Convert&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Samfuri:Convert&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;13.2&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mm&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwTw" typeof="mw:Transclusion">13.2-millimeter (0.52</span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt35" data-ve-ignore="" typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><span about="#mwt35" data-ve-ignore="">a)</span></nowiki> bindigogin inji . An sanya musu bindigogi shida {{Convert|533|mm|in|0}} bututun torpedo a cikin manyan jiragen ruwa guda uku. Jirgin ''turbine'' zai iya ɗaukar ma'adinai 52. <ref name="f8" /> == Gine-gine da aiki == [[Fayil:Borea_(BR).jpg|thumb|''Borea'' a babban gudu]] An shimfida ''Borea'' ta hannun Gio. Ansaldo &amp;amp; C. a tashar jiragen ruwansu ta [[Genoa]] a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1925, an ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 28 ga Janairu 1927 kuma an kammala ta a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba. Da farko an tura jirgin zuwa ga rundunar halaka ta 5 na ɗan gajeren lokaci. A watan Maris na 1928 ta shiga cikin wani balaguron horo a Tekun Tyrrhenian . <ref name="bor">{{Cite web |title=Destroyer Borea |url=http://digilander.libero.it/carandin/borea.htm |access-date=2018-01-15 |archive-date=2009-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925105816/http://digilander.libero.it/carandin/borea.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan aka tura ''Borea'' tare da Espero, Ostro da Zeffiro zuwa rundunar 1 ta Destroner Flotilla da ke La Spezia . <ref name="rm1">{{Cite web |last=Pier Paolo Ramoino |title=La Regia Marina Tra le due Guerre Mondiali |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/conosciamoci/editoria/marivista/Documents/2011/09_settembre/La_Regia_Marina.pdf |access-date=2017-12-18 |page=74}}</ref> A shekarar 1928, jirgin halaka ya kuma ziyarci Ibiza, sannan aka sake yin balaguron zuwa [[Tripoli]] a shekarar 1929. A lokacin bazara na 1930, ''Borea'' tare da jiragen rundunarta sun shiga balaguron horo a Tekun Aegean suna ziyartar Nafplion, Thessaloniki, Rhodes da sauran tsibiran Dodecanese. <ref name="bor" /> A shekarar 1931, ''Borea'' tare da Turbine, ''Ostro'' da Aquilone da kuma tsohon Daniele Manin, Giovanni Nicotera da Pantera sun kafa Flotilla Mai Rushewa ta 1, wani ɓangare na Rukunin Sojojin Ruwa na II. <ref name="rm2">{{Cite web |last=Pier Paolo Ramoino |title=La Regia Marina Tra le due Guerre Mondiali |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/conosciamoci/editoria/marivista/Documents/2011/09_settembre/La_Regia_Marina.pdf |access-date=2017-12-18 |page=75}}</ref> A shekarar 1934 bayan sake tsara ''Borea'' da kuma Espero, Zeffiro da ''Ostro'' sun sake haɗuwa, yanzu sun kafa Rukunin Rushewa na 4, wani ɓangare na Rukunin Sojojin Ruwa na II. <ref name="rm3">{{Cite web |last=Pier Paolo Ramoino |title=La Regia Marina Tra le due Guerre Mondiali |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/conosciamoci/editoria/marivista/Documents/2011/09_settembre/La_Regia_Marina.pdf |access-date=2017-12-18 |page=84}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain '', Borea'' ta gudanar da ayyukan leƙen asiri guda huɗu a kaka ta 1936 a madadin 'yan kishin ƙasa. A watan Agusta zuwa Satumba na 1937, ta shiga cikin katangar Italiya da aka yi wa 'yan Republican Spain kuma ta yi ayyuka uku da suka tabbatar da katangar. A lokacin bazara na 1938, ta gudanar da ayyukan sintiri da rakiya da dama daga sansaninta na wucin gadi a Tsibirin Balearic . <ref name="bor"/> A ƙarshen shekarar 1938 aka mayar da ita [[Tobruk]], sannan aka sake kiranta a ɗan lokaci a bazara ta 1939 don shiga cikin mamayar Albania kafin ta koma Tobruk a kaka na wannan shekarar. <ref name="bor"/> A lokacin da Italiya ta shiga [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1940, ''Borea'' tare da Espero, ''Ostro'' da ''Zeffiro'' suna cikin rundunar 'yan ta'adda ta 2 da ke Taranto . An ba ''Borea'' aikin rakiya, tare da rakiyar ayarin motoci daga Sicily zuwa Libya. A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 1940, wani babban ayarin jiragen ruwan Italiya ya tashi daga Augusta dauke da sojoji, kayayyaki, harsasai da mai. Tawagar ta kunshi jiragen ruwa guda shida na kaya da fasinjoji kuma jiragen ruwa guda shida masu lalata jiragen ruwa, ciki har da ''Borea'', da jiragen ruwa guda hudu masu linzami. A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1940, akwai jiragen Turbine guda bakwai ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tobruk tare da jiragen ruwa guda hudu masu linzami, jiragen ruwa guda shida da jiragen ruwa masu taimako da dama. <ref name="hg" /> Tsakanin karfe 10:00 zuwa 11:15, wani jirgin sama mai leken asiri na Short Sunderland ya ratsa tashar jiragen ruwa a tsayin mita 1,500-2,000 kuma duk da harbin jiragen sama da aka yi a kanta, ya tabbatar da kasancewar jiragen ruwa da yawa a tashar jiragen ruwa. Da yammacin rana, wata kungiyar jiragen sama guda tara masu harba bama-bamai na Fairey Swordfish guda tara na rundunar sojin ruwa ta 813 ta tashi daga filin jirgin sama da ke Sidi Barrani suka nufi Tobruk. <ref name="db" /> An yi ƙarar ƙararrawa ta iska da ƙarfe 20:06 amma Italiyawa sun kasa gano jiragen yaƙin ƙawancen har sai da suka riga suka wuce tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙarfe 20:20. <ref name="hg" /> Masu lalata jiragen ruwa suna da yawancin ma'aikatansu a cikin jiragen ruwa ''na Liguria'' da ''Sabbia'' ban da ma'aikatan tsaron sama na musamman. Harin ya fara ne bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan, kuma ya ɗauki mintuna bakwai kacal kuma ya haifar da nutsewa ko lalata jiragen ruwa guda biyar na Italiya. <ref name="hg" /> Ba tare da fuskantar wata adawa ta sama ba, jiragen yaƙin torpedo na Burtaniya sun kai hari daga ƙasa mai tsayi (kimanin ƙafa 100), kuma suka saki jiragen yaƙin torpedo ɗinsu daga nisan mita 400-500, kusan babu komai a ciki. Jirgin saman da Nicholas Kennedy ke tuƙawa ne ya fara kai hari ga ''Zeffiro'', wanda torpedo ɗinsa ya bugi jirgin a baka, kusa da mujallar harsasai, tsakanin gadar da 120&nbsp;mm bindigogi. <ref name="pm" /> Fashewar ta raba jirgin gida biyu ta kuma nutsar da shi bayan rabin sa'a. Jirgin jigilar kaya Manzoni shi ma ya buge shi, ya kife ya nutse, yayin da Euro da jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu Serenitas suka buge shi, kuma dole ne a rufe shi da bakin teku, kuma jirgin ruwan teku Liguria ya buge shi ya lalace. Jiragen sama biyu sun kuma kai hari kan wasu jiragen sama masu lalata jiragen, amma sun kasa harba torpedoes dinsu saboda mummunan harbin jiragen sama. == Manazarta == ru4zqurp06dnlxgi192gm3aj6hgpv7r 0 160150 891664 876776 2026-08-05T12:04:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  {{Reflist}}'''Hugh Brewster''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Mayu, shekarar 1950, a [[Landan]], Ingila) <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Brewster, Hugh 1950– |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/brewster-hugh-1950 |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]]}}</ref> marubucin Kanada ne na littattafan yara. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Brewster a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1950, a [[Landan]], Ingila <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=CM Magazine Profile: Hugh Brewster. |url=https://www.cmreviews.ca/cm/profiles/brewster.html |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Review of Materials}}</ref> ga Ormond Macmillan da Anne Brewster. <ref name=":1"/> Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa.<ref name=":3" /> Iyalin sun koma Scotland lokacin da Brewster ke da shekaru biyu, <ref name=":3" /> sannan suka yi hijira zuwa Georgetown, Ontario a 1956. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3" /> Brewster ya sami digiri na farko a Turanci tare da ƙarami a gidan wasan kwaikwayo daga Jami'ar Guelph . <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya kasance marubucin da ya kafa mujallar LGBT The Body Politic . Ya yi aiki a matsayin edita tare da Scholastic Canada daga 1972 zuwa 1981, sannan ya ci gaba a matsayin editan tare da Scholestic a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] daga 1981 zuwa 1984.<ref name=":1" /> Da farko a shekara ta 1984, ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan edita a matsayin Madison Press Books a [[Toronto]] . <ref name=":1" /> Ya wallafa littafinsa na farko na yara, Anastasia's Album, a cikin 1996. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+Kyaututtuka don rubuce-rubucen Brewster !Shekara !Taken !Kyautar !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |1997 | rowspan="3" |''Album din Anastasia'' |ALSC Shahararrun Littattafan Yara |Zaɓin |<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 11, 2010 |title=Anastasia's Album {{!}} Awards & Grants |url=https://www.ala.org/awardsgrants/content/anastasias-album |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=[[American Library Association]]}}</ref> |- |1998 |[[Dajin Karatu|Kyautar Silver Birch]] |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1998 Silver Birch Award Recipient: Hugh Brewster |url=https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/1998_silver_birch_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Children's Book Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021557/https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/1998_silver_birch_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |1999 |Kyautar Littafin Red Cedar |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999 Red Cedar Book Award Recipient: Hugh Brewster |url=https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/1999_red_cedar_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Children's Book Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021552/https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/1999_red_cedar_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2000 |882 1⁄2 Amsoshi Masu ban mamaki ga Tambayoyinku game da Titanic |Zaɓuɓɓuka Masu Saurin Ga Matasa Masu Rashin Ƙaunar |Zaɓin |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2006-09-29 |title=Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers |url=https://www.ala.org/yalsa/booklistsawards/booklists/quickpicks/2000quickpicks |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=[[Young Adult Library Services Association]] (YALSA) |language=en}}</ref> |- |2005 |''A kan Yankin Juno'' |Kyautar Littafin Bayanai |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Information Book Award Recipient: Hugh Brewster |url=https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2005_information_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Children's Book Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021553/https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2005_information_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2007 | rowspan="2" |''Jiki, Lily, Lily, Rose'' |Kyautar Gwamna Janar don wallafe-wallafen yara na Turanci |Wanda ya kammala | |- |2008 |Kyautar wallafe-wallafen yara ta TD |Wanda ya kammala |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Previous TD Canadian Children's Literature Award Winners and Finalists |url=https://bookcentre.ca/td-previous-winners-and-finalists |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208100330/http://bookcentre.ca/td-previous-winners-and-finalists |archive-date=2022-12-08 |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=[[Canadian Children's Book Centre]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2008 |''A Vimy Ridge'' |Kyautar Norma Fleck |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Previous Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction Winners and Finalists |url=https://bookcentre.ca/fleck-previous-winners-and-finalists |access-date=October 3, 2022 |website=The Canadian Children's Book Centre |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206111448/https://bookcentre.ca/fleck-previous-winners-and-finalists |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children's Non-Fiction Recipient: Hugh Brewster |url=https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2008_norma_fleck_award_for_canadian_childrens_non-fiction_recipient_hugh_brewster |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Children's Book Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021551/https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2008_norma_fleck_award_for_canadian_childrens_non-fiction_recipient_hugh_brewster |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2012 |''Fursunoni na Dieppe'' |Kyautar Zaɓin Yara ta Hackmatack don Labarin Ingilishi |'''Wanda ya ci nasara''' |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Winners |url=https://hackmatack.ca/former-winners/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=The Hackmatack Children’s Choice Book Award}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hackmatack Children's Choice Book Award Archives |url=https://bookcentre.ca/awards/hackmatack-childrens-choice-book-award |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=[[Canadian Children's Book Centre]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021644/https://bookcentre.ca/awards/hackmatack-childrens-choice-book-award |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2012 Hackmatack Children's Choice Book Award Recipient: Hugh Brewster |url=https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2012_hackmatack_childrens_choice_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=Canadian Children's Book Centre |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516021553/https://bookcentre.ca/book-review/2012_hackmatack_childrens_choice_book_award_recipient_hugh_brewster |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2015 | rowspan="3" |''Daga Vimy zuwa Victory'' |Kyautar Norma Fleck |Wanda ya kammala |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Becky |date=2015-09-10 |title=Marianne Dubuc, Eric Walters, Cybele Young among 2015 Canadian Children's Book Centre Awards finalists |url=https://quillandquire.com/childrens-publishing/2015/09/10/marianne-dubuc-eric-walters-cybele-young-among-2015-canadian-childrens-book-centre-awards-finalists/ |access-date=2023-05-16 |website=[[Quill and Quire]] |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[Dajin Karatu|Kyautar Silver Birch]] |Wanda aka zaba | |- |Kyautar wallafe-wallafen yara ta TD |Wanda ya kammala |<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2015-09-08 |title=Finalists Announced for the 2015 Canadian Children's Book Centre Awards |url=https://bookcentre.ca/news/finalists_announced_2015_canadian_childrens_book_centre_awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128124753/http://bookcentre.ca/news/finalists_announced_2015_canadian_childrens_book_centre_awards |archive-date=2022-11-28 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=[[Canadian Children's Book Centre]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Littattafai == == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f8jq4q4d1grb75kqryqgwnrl705fqbd 0 160386 892041 878003 2026-08-06T11:00:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bumdes_24_Kebumen_Kedung_Bener.jpg|thumb|BUMDes-run convenience store a Kebumen RegencyRegency na Kebumen]] '''Kamfanin mallakar ƙauye''' (Indonesiya: Badan Usaha Milik Desa), wanda galibi aka taƙaita shi zuwa BUMDes ko BUM Desa, wani nau'in kamfani ne da ƙauyen Indonesiya ke gudanarwa kuma ya kafa. Waɗannan kamfanoni sun ƙunshi masana'antu iri-iri, tun daga noma da hakar ma'adinai zuwa yawon buɗe ido da dillalai. BUMDes wani ci gaba ne na baya-bayan nan a Indonesiya, wanda ya fara bayyana bayan faduwar Suharto da kuma saurin rarraba iko da ya biyo baya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, bisa ga bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Ƙauyuka, Ci gaban Yankuna Marasa Amfani, da Canja Sheka, akwai jimillar BUMDes 74,691 da aka yi wa rijista. Duk da haka, saboda matsalolin gwamnati, kusan kashi 10 cikin 100 (7,902) ne kawai aka ba su takardar shaidar zama ƙungiyoyin shari'a a shekarar 2022. == Tarihi da ma'anar == Tushen doka na farko da aka bai wa ƙauyuka damar gudanar da harkokin kasuwancinsu shine Dokar Lamba ta 22 ta 1999 kan Gwamnatin Yanki, inda babi na 108 ya bayyana cewa "ƙauyuka na iya mallakar kasuwanci bisa ga doka". An sake duba wannan daga baya; a cikin Dokar Lamba ta 32 ta 2004, babi na 213, sashe na 1, ya karanta: "Ƙauye na iya kafa kasuwanci mallakar ƙauyen bisa ga buƙatunsa da yuwuwarsa". An bayyana wanzuwar kamfanonin mallakar ƙauye a sarari tare da Dokar Gwamnati Lamba ta 72 ta 2005, babi na 78, sashe na 1, wanda ya ambaci Badan Usaha Milik Desa ko BUMDes; Dokar Lamba ta 6 ta 2014 kan ƙauyuka; Dokar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida Lamba ta 39 ta 2010 kan ma'anar BUMDes; da Dokar Gwamnati Lamba ta 39 ta 2021 kan BUMDes<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wardani |first=Surti |last2=Yughi |first2=Sheila Ardilla |last3=Widodo |first3=Arif Siaha |date=2022-08-30 |title=Peran BUMDes Dalam Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Bimtek Manajemen Bisnis Di Desa Ciampea Udik Kecamatan Ciampea Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat |url=http://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/ABMAS/article/view/24030 |journal=Jurnal Abdimas Tri Dharma Manajemen |language=en-US |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=67–74 |doi=10.32493/ABMAS.v3i3.p67-74.y2022 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |issn=2716-070X |access-date=2026-06-30 |archive-date=2025-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203000525/https://openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/ABMAS/article/view/24030 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Putry |first=Muthia Anggela Mawadhaty |last2=Danil |first2=Elwi |last3=Oktarina |first3=Neneng |title=Analisis Terhadap Akta Penirian Badan Usaha Milik Desa: Studi Akta Pendirian Badan Usaha Milik Desa Taratak Bancah Sejahtera |url=https://files.core.ac.uk/pdf/645/201449135.pdf |access-date=November 26, 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In Law Number 6 of 2014, BUMDes are mentioned several times in detail. The law specifically defines a BUMDes as an "enterprise whose capital is wholly or partly owned by the village government, derived from the wealth of the village, which is separated through asset management, services, and other business for the welfare of the village's inhabitants".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Landasan Hukum Pendirian Badan Usaha Milik Desa |url=https://dispmd.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/bank_data/landasan-hukum-pendirian-badan-usaha-milik-desa-91 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=dispmd.bulelengkab.go.id |publisher=[[Buleleng Regency|Kabupatén Buléléng]] |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619123817/https://dispmd.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/bank_data/landasan-hukum-pendirian-badan-usaha-milik-desa-91 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IAI Jatim |url=https://www.iaijawatimur.or.id/course/interest/detail/21 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=www.iaijawatimur.or.id |publisher=[[Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountants|Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia]]}}</ref> Details about structures, establishment, and management of BUMDes are explained in chapters 87 through 90.<ref name=":1" /> In chapter 88, it is stated that BUMDes are established through village consultation and village regulation (''Peraturan Desa'').<ref>{{Cite web |title=Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia |url=https://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/UU_2014_6.pdf |access-date=November 26, 2022 |language=id |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031215616/https://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/UU_2014_6.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The establishment of BUMDes is a way for village governments to innovate in rural development.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agunggunanto |first=Edy Yusuf |last2=Arianti |first2=Fitrie |last3=Kushartono |first3=Edi Wibowo |last4=Darwanto |date=March 1, 2016 |title=Pengembangan Desa Mandiri melalui Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Bumdes) |url=https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/293983/pengembangan-desa-mandiri-melalui-pengelolaan-badan-usaha-milik-desa-bumdes#id-section-content |journal=Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi dan Bisnis |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |doi=10.34001/jdeb.v13i1.395 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025}}</ref> == Yankuna == [[Fayil:BUMDes-run_factory.jpg|thumb|BUMDes-run fish pellet factory a West Kotawaringin Regency. BUMDes suna nan a bangarori da yawa.]] An kafa kamfanonin mallakar ƙauyuka a fannoni daban-daban, daga hakar ma'adinai da shuka zuwa siyarwa, yawon bude ido, da sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kopi 7 |date=2019-09-26 |title=BUMDes Mart Sangatta Utara Beroperasi – Retail Konsep Modern Jadi Penyangga Perekonomian |url=https://pro.kutaitimurkab.go.id/2019/09/26/bumdes-mart-sangatta-utara-beroperasi-retail-konsep-modern-jadi-penyangga-perekonomian/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Protokol & Komunikasi Pimpinan Sekretariat Daerah |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hidayat |first=Ali Akhmad Noor |date=2018-08-26 |title=Lamongan Targetkan 462 Badan Usaha Milik Desa Dirikan Toko Ritel |url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1120686/lamongan-targetkan-462-badan-usaha-milik-desa-dirikan-toko-ritel |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Tempo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sedesa |first=Ari |date=2021-04-18 |title=Contoh Unit Usaha BUMDes di Bidang Pelayanan Publik |url=https://sedesa.id/contoh-unit-usaha-bumdes-di-bidang-pelayanan-publik/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=sedesa.id |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=BUMDES Kabupaten Sleman Ini Gandeng ISP Bangun Infrastruktur Internet Desa |url=https://www.merdeka.com/teknologi/bumdes-kabupaten-sleman-ini-gandeng-isp-bangun-infrastruktur-internet-desa.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=merdeka.com |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, Ma'aikatar ƙauyuka, Ci gaban Yankunan Rashin Rashin Ruwa, da Shige da Fice musamman sun bayyana cewa an tsara BUMDes don mayar da hankali kan manyan sassa uku a yankunan karkara na Indonesia, wato kamun kifi, noma, da yawon bude ido.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi |url=https://www.kemendesa.go.id/berita/view/detil/3817/butuh-sdm-mumpuni-bumdes-potensial-besar-di-tiga-sektor-ini |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126195405/https://www.kemendesa.go.id/berita/view/detil/3817/butuh-sdm-mumpuni-bumdes-potensial-besar-di-tiga-sektor-ini |archive-date=2022-11-26 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.kemendesa.go.id}}</ref> == Tasirin == Dangane da bayanai daga 2021, akwai BUMDes 45,223 masu aiki, wanda a cikin duka ya yi amfani da mutane sama da miliyan 20 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga kusan tiriliyan 4.6 ga tattalin arzikin Indonesia a wannan shekarar.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mediatama |first=Grahanusa |date=2021-09-15 |title=Sebanyak 35% BUMDes di Indonesia terdampak pandemi Covid-19 |url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/sebanyak-35-bumdes-di-indonesia-terdampak-pandemi-covid-19 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=kontan.co.id |language=id}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, kusan kashi 35 cikin 100 na BUMDes da ke akwai sun sha wahala sosai daga annobar COVID-19, wanda ya haifar da korar mutane sama da 100,000.<ref name=":2" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ƙalubalen == Masu sukar sun yi jayayya cewa BUMDes ba su da tasiri a matsayin ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci. Kalubale ga BUMDes sun haɗa da matsalolin bureaucratic wajen samun matsayin hukuma ta doka don sabbin BUMDes da aka kafa, rashin sha'awar gwamnatocin ƙauyuka don bunkasa kasuwancin BUMDes, da kuma ƙananan sassa waɗanda za a iya haɓaka su a yankunan karkara.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Aeni |first=Nurul |date=2020-12-17 |title=Gambaran Kinerja Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Di Kabupaten Pati |url=https://ejournal.bappeda.jatengprov.go.id/index.php/jurnaljateng/article/view/826 |journal=Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah |language=en |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=131–146 |doi=10.36762/jurnaljateng.v18i2.826 |issn=2548-463X |s2cid=235084619 |doi-access=free}}</ref> BUMDes sau da yawa ba su da riba, <ref name=":3" /> ba su da kuɗin da ake bukata ko albarkatu don bunkasa kasuwancin su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2021 |title=IRDA Subang Sebut Banyak BUMDES Bermasalah: Dari Mulai Tak Ada Kegiatan, Usaha Rugi Mlulu Hingga Masalah Penggunaan Dana |url=https://www.jabarpress.com/2021/05/16/irda-subang-sebut-banyak-bumdes-bermasalah-dari-mulai-tak-ada-kegiatan-usaha-rugi-mlulu-hingga-masalah-penggunaan-dana/ |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fitria |first=Fitria |date=2020-04-15 |title=Pember Ekonomi Masyarakat Malalui Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) |url=https://ejournal.steialfurqon.ac.id/index.php/adl/article/view/4 |journal=ADL Islamic Economic: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi Islam |language=en |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=13–28 |doi=10.56644/adl.v1i1.4 |issn=2722-2810 |s2cid=229140334 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sau da yawa suna da tsarin ciki mara daidaituwa saboda mazauna ƙauye da jami'an ƙauyen ne ke sarrafa su waɗanda ba su da ilimi a lissafi da kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Posi |first=Sahrul HI |last2=Putra |first2=Sang Putu Angga Mahendra |date=2021-09-02 |title=Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Pemahaman Akuntansi Dan Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Terhadap Pelaporan Keuangan Bumdes Berdasarkan SAK ETAP |url=https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/S1ak/article/view/29591 |journal=JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha |language=en |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=463–469 |doi=10.23887/jimat.v12i2.29591 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumiwang |first=Ringkang |date=16 December 2019 |title=Kenapa Ribuan BUMDes Mangkrak Meski Dana Desa Triliunan Rupiah? |url=https://tirto.id/kenapa-ribuan-bumdes-mangkrak-meski-dana-desa-triliunan-rupiah-enpb |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> Wadannan matsalolin suna haifar da rashin aiki ko rashin ƙarfi na BUMDes a wasu yankuna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulut |first=SKH Media |title=Deprov Kritisi Lemahnya Pengelolaan BUMDes di Sulut |url=https://www.mediasulut.co/berita-5822-deprov-kritisi-lemahnya-pengelolaan-bumdes-di-sulut.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.mediasulut.co |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislator Kotim Kritik Keras BUMDes, Desak Dilakukan Evaluasi |url=https://www.radarsampit.com/berita/legislator-kotim-kritik-keras-bumdes-desak-dilakukan-evaluasi.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=radarsampit.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> Tabbacin shari'a kuma matsala ce ga yawancin BUMDes, saboda yana hana ikon su neman masu saka hannun jari ko buɗe asusun banki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purwanto |first=M. Yusuf |date=2021-12-22 |title=BUMDes Minim Badan Hukum, Kesulitan Akses Perbankan |url=https://radarbojonegoro.jawapos.com/daerah/bojonegoro/22/12/2021/bumdes-minim-badan-hukum-kesulitan-akses-perbankan/ |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Radar Bojonegoro |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ma'arif |first=Nurcholis |title=Mendes Jelaskan Cara BUMDes Bisa Berbadan Hukum |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5283263/mendes-jelaskan-cara-bumdes-bisa-berbadan-hukum |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID |archive-date=2022-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126195510/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5283263/mendes-jelaskan-cara-bumdes-bisa-berbadan-hukum |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da kokarin sauƙaƙe ƙalubalen da ƙauyuka ke fuskanta don kafa BUMDes ɗin su a matsayin ƙungiya ta doka, kawai 7,902 BUMDes, ko kusan kashi 10, an yi rajista a matsayin ƙungiyar doka tun daga shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Percepatan Sertifikasi Badan Hukum BUM Desa, Solusi Konkrit Kebangkitan Ekonomi di Desa |url=https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/percepatan-sertifikasi-badan-hukum-bum-desa-solusi-konkrit-kebangkitan-ekonomi-di-desa |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=www.kemenkopmk.go.id}}</ref>&nbsp; == Dubi kuma == * Kasuwancin gari da ƙauyuka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pi1m5fa0l5toinn5i5oz6qu7782lghq 0 160571 891743 873652 2026-08-05T19:29:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cif James Akwari Iroha''' ( [[Order of the Niger|OON]] ) (12 Oktoba 1942 - 28 Fabrairu 2012) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubucin rubutun Najeriya. <ref name=":2" /> An fi saninsa da '''Giringory''', [[Sunayen Ranaku|sunan]] da ya samu daga rawar da ya taka '''Giringory Akabuogu''' a cikin shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade, wanda ya ƙirƙira. '''Cif James Akwari Iroha''' ( [[Order of the Niger|OON]] ) (12 Oktoba 1942 - 28 Fabrairu 2012) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubucin rubutun Najeriya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Channels Tv |date=February 28, 2012 |title=James Iroha, a.k.a. Gringory, dies at 69 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2012/02/28/james-iroha-a-k-a-gringory-dies-at-69/ |website=channelstv}}</ref> An fi saninsa da '''Giringory''', [[Sunayen Ranaku|sunan]] da ya samu daga rawar da ya taka '''Giringory Akabuogu''' a cikin shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna New Masquerade, wanda ya ƙirƙira. == Rayuwar Farko Da Ilimi == An haifi James a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1942. Ya fito daga Amaba, Amokwe Item a ƙaramar hukumar Bende ta [[Abiya|jihar Abia]], kasancewarsa ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan marigayi Mazi Akwari Iroha. Ya yi karatunsa na farko a Bukuru, jihar Plateau, arewacin Najeriya, sannan ya kammala karatun sakandare a jihar Cross River. Daga baya ya halarci [[jami'ar Ibadan]] don karatunsa na gaba da sakandare inda ya yi karatun Fasahar Wasan Kwaikwayo a shekarar 1966. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE PASSAGE OF GRINGORY |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/84706/the-passage-of-gringory.html |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Sana'a == Aikin James Iroha ya fara ne a shekarar 1967 a Hukumar Yaɗa Labarai ta Gabashin Najeriya (ENBS) da ke [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], inda ya fara a matsayin mai shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin. Bayan lokaci, ya samu ci gaba har ya zama Daraktan Talabijin da Mataimakin Babban Manaja. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Chioma |first=Nelda |date=2012-05-05 |title=PROUDLY ABIAN: LATE JAMES IROHA (AKA GRINGORY) GOES HOME |url=https://abiapost.blogspot.com/2012/05/late-james-iroha-aka-gringory-goes-home.html |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=PROUDLY ABIAN}}</ref> Tafiyarsa zuwa duniyar nishaɗi ta fara ne bayan [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin Biafra]] . Da yake ƙasar tana cikin mawuyacin hali, ya ji nauyin da ke kansa na dawo da farin ciki da dariya ga mutane. Wannan hangen nesa ya haifar da "The Masquerade," wani wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin mai barkwanci wanda da farko ya fara a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na dandamali tare da masu sauraro kai tsaye. Yayin da shahararsa ke ƙaruwa, "The Masquerade" ya koma rediyo kuma daga ƙarshe ya koma talabijin a matsayin shirin abun ciki na gida. Daga nan ya koma [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya (NTA)]], inda aka sake masa suna zuwa " The New Masquerade ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE PASSAGE OF GRINGORY |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/84706/the-passage-of-gringory.html |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == James ya yi aure, yana da ‘ya’ya biyar, wato: Chimela Iroha, James Iroha Uchechukwu, Ugonma Iroha, Kelechi Iroha, da Akwari Iroha. Ya rasu a Onitsha a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2012, inda yake karbar magani kan [[Glaucoma|cutar glaucoma]], wata cuta da ya shafe shekaru yana fama da ita cikin jarumtaka. Ɗansa, Akwari, ya raba wannan labarin mai ban tausayi ta hanyar wani rubutu a shafinsa na Facebook. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-21 |title=New Masquerade creator James Iroha (Giringori) goes blind |url=https://m.lindaikejisblog.com/2011/08/new-masquerade-creator-james-iroha.html.html |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Linda Ikeji's Blog |language=en}}</ref> == Daraja == * A shekarar 1981, a zamanin mulkin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]], an ba shi lambar yabo ta Jami'in Umarnin Nijar (OON). * A shekarar 2017, an karrama shi da lambar yabo ta Rock of Fame bayan rasuwarsa a bikin fina-finai na ZUMA (ZUFF) da ke Abuja. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-04 |title=ZUFF 2017 : Sam Loco-Efe, ‘Giringory’, others honoured with Rock of Fame Awards |url=https://nta.ng/2017/12/04/zuff-2017-sam-loco-efe-giringory-lamoji-ugoji-others-honoured-with-rock-of-fame-awards/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Nigerian Television Authority - Africa's Largest TV Network |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127211544/https://nta.ng/2017/12/04/zuff-2017-sam-loco-efe-giringory-lamoji-ugoji-others-honoured-with-rock-of-fame-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == * Osuofia and the Wise Men 2 (2008) * Osuofia and the Wise Men (2008) * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (fim 1994)|Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawa]] (1994) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2020-02-01 |title=Our #BNMovieFeature is a Throwback Vibe! WATCH 1992 Nollywood Classic “Nneka The Pretty Serpent” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/02/bn-movie-feature/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=James Iroha {{!}} Actor |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4131706/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> === Talabijin === * Sabon Abin Tausayi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] d5dzb6vocn5cc5xpjztvlpysl14y1gm 0 160627 891739 877423 2026-08-05T19:27:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''James Michael Holder''' ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya kuma mai fyade ne, wanda ya kafa alamar kayan ado Superdry &amp;amp; Co. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a Studley, Warwickshire, an haife shi ne a Stratford-upon-Avon kuma ya tafi kwaleji a Leamington Spa inda ya yi karatun zane-zane.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=James Holder on creating fashion brand Superdry – DesignCurial |url=https://www.designcurial.com/news/super-fly-4395135/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=www.designcurial.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake matashi, yana jin daɗin karanta wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name=":1" /> Holder ya fara aikinsa a cikin kayan ado ta hanyar sayar da T-shirts daga bayan motar mahaifiyarsa a abubuwan da suka faru na BMX. <ref name=":0"/> Ya ci gaba da samun lakabin mai tsalle-tsalle Bench . <ref name=":0" /> An yi masa fatarar kuɗi a shekarar 1998.<ref name=":0" /> Yayinda yake gudanar da Bench, Holder ya sadu da Julian Dunkerton, wanda ya yi babban tsari na samfuran Holder.<ref name=":1"/> Daga baya suka yi tafiya zuwa Japan tare kafin su kafa Superdry . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2014 |title=The Superguy from Superdry, James Holder – Textual Conversation |url=https://clothes-make-the-man.com/2014/05/15/the-superguy-from-superdry-james-holden-textual-conversation/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=Clothes Make The Man |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2003, Holder ya kafa Superdry tare da Julian Dunkerton a matsayin kasuwa a Cheltenham . <ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2004, sun bude kantin sayar da kayan gargajiya na farko a Covent Garden, London. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Katie |last2=Hodgson |first2=Camilla |date=27 March 2018 |title=Co-founder of Superdry fashion chain steps down |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5b5e725e-31aa-11e8-ac48-10c6fdc22f03 |url-access=registration |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> Holder ne ke da alhakin ƙirar tufafi da ci gaban alama a kamfanin.<ref name="sportswear-international.com">{{Cite web |title=Resignation: Superdry co-founder James Holder steps down as brand and design director |url=https://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/Resignation-Superdrys-co-founder-James-Holder-steps-down-as-brand-and-design-director-12059 |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=sportswear-international.com |language=en |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214002836/https://www.sportswear-international.com/news/stories/Resignation-Superdrys-co-founder-James-Holder-steps-down-as-brand-and-design-director-12059 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Holder ya ce shi da Dunkerton sun ga "babban rata" a kasuwar maza ta Burtaniya.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The guy behind Superdry |url=https://www.esquireme.com/style/superdry-interview |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=Esquire Middle East |language=en}}</ref> Ya ce wahayi na farko ga alamar shine ƙaunar Dunkerton ga Americana da ƙaunarsa ga Japan da rubutun rubutu.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1"/> A shekara ta 2005, Superdry ta sami lokacin girma bayan an ga [[David Beckham]] yana sanye da alamar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Strachan |first=Ian |date=26 January 2017 |title=Rich List 2017: No.27 – James Holder |url=https://www.birminghampost.co.uk/business/rich-list-2017-no27-james-12444060 |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=birminghampost}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an kwashe kasuwancin. Holder ya jagoranci sashen kirkire-kirkire na Superdry har zuwa 2016.<ref name="Brown">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Harriet |date=23 October 2018 |title=Superdry co-founder weighs in on strategy debate |url=https://www.drapersonline.com/news/superdry-co-founder-weighs-in-on-strategy-debate |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=Drapers |language=en}}</ref> Holder kuma ya jagoranci SuperDesignLab, wanda ke da alhakin ƙaddamar da alamar Superdry Sport.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2017 |title=Q&A with James Holder, Superdry Head of SuperDesign Lab and Co-Founder |url=http://mwb-online.co/james-holder-superdry-head-superdesign-lab-co-founder/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=UK Fashion B2B Magazine |language=en-GB |archive-date=14 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214062956/http://mwb-online.co/james-holder-superdry-head-superdesign-lab-co-founder/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2016, Holder ya yi murabus daga kamfanin, amma tun daga 2018 ya ci gaba da riƙe gungume.<ref name="sportswear-international.com"/> A cikin 2018, Holder ya shiga cikin abokin haɗin gwiwar Julian Dunkerton wajen sukar dabarun kasuwanci na Superdry, yana mai da'awar cewa bai iya yin gasa da ASOS.com ba.<ref name="Brown"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=James Holder Asos Boohoo.com defend Cheltenham-based Julian Dunkerton Superdry warning Times |url=https://www.punchline-gloucester.com/articles/aanews/james-holder-asos-boohoo-com-defend-cheltenham-based-julian-dunkerton-superdry-warning-profits |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=www.punchline-gloucester.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2018 |title=Second Superdry co-founder speaks out against the company's strategy |url=https://www.theindustry.fashion/second-superdry-co-founder-speaks-out-against-the-companys-strategy/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061333/https://www.theindustry.fashion/second-superdry-co-founder-speaks-out-against-the-companys-strategy/ |archive-date=14 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=The Industry |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya zuwa 2017, ya zauna tare da matarsa Charlotte, lauya, da ɗansu da 'yarsu.<ref name=":0"/> === Tabbatar da fyade === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026, Holder ya bayyana a Kotun Gidan Gida ta Gloucester wanda ake tuhuma da fyade a wata mace a Cheltenham a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bullock |first1=Clara |title=Superdry co-founder accused of raping woman |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly7yevvl2wo |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=28 April 2026 |date=27 April 2026}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2026, wani juri na maza bakwai da mata biyar sun same shi da laifin fyade, yayin da suka wanke shi daga wani lamari na kai hari ta hanyar shiga. An ki amincewa da Holder kafin a yanke masa hukunci a kan dalilin cewa yana iya zama haɗarin jirgin sama.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lillywhite |first=Maisie |date=1 May 2026 |title=Superdry co-founder found guilty of rape |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czx2gwpe9evo |access-date=1 May 2026 |work=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2026, an yanke wa Holder hukuncin shekaru takwas a kurkuku.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/may/07/superdry-co-founder-james-holder-jailed-rape |title=Superdry co-founder James Holder jailed for eight years for raping woman |first=Steven |last=Morris |date=7 May 2026 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k8wrbpo2pxlcrmfcqgbrlbauc6y75fi 0 160654 891952 874780 2026-08-06T09:26:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Justius Lowe''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na San Diego State Aztecs . Ya taba buga wa Oregon Ducks wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Lowe ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Lake Oswego da ke Lake Oswego, Oregon . Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin tauraron taurari uku, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Oregon Ducks a kan wasu tayin daga makarantu kamar Arizona, Jihar Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Notre Dame, Jihar Oregon, da USC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nemec |first=Andrew |title=Justius Lowe, Lake Oswego 3-star WR/CB, commits to Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/recruiting/2022/01/justius-lowe-lake-oswego-3-star-wrcb-commits-to-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Oregon === A lokacin lokutan sa na farko na kwaleji a 2022 da 2023, zai yi redshirt yayin da yake fitowa a wasanni hudu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Justius Lowe enters redshirt-sophomore season with ‘a ton of potential,’ vying for role in crowded Oregon receiving corps |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2024/08/justius-lowe-enters-redshirt-sophomore-season-with-a-ton-of-potential-vying-for-role-in-crowded-oregon-receiving-corps.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na bakwai na kakar 2024, Lowe ya buga wasanni 44 kuma ya shiga cikin liyafa daya don yadudduka tara bayan an fitar da Traeshon Holden a cikin nasara a kan Jihar Ohio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon receiver rising to occasion, with bigger role likely against Purdue |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2024/10/oregon-football-receiver-justius-lowe-rising-to-occasion-with-bigger-role-likely-against-purdue.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na takwas, ya fara aikinsa na farko, ya yi wasanni biyu don yadudduka 28 a cikin nasara da Purdue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Chris |date=28 October 2024 |title=Sophomore wide receiver Justius Lowe is emerging for No. 1 Oregon Ducks football |url=https://www.registerguard.com/story/sports/college/football/2024/10/28/a-new-playmaker-is-emerging-for-no-1-oregon-ducks-football/75886086007/ |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=The Register-Guard}}</ref> A cikin mako na tara, Lowe ya fara karbar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na farko a nasarar da ya samu a kan Illinois.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Ryan |title=Lake Oswego alum Justius Lowe breaks out after unique journey with Oregon Ducks |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2024/10/lake-oswego-alum-justius-lowe-breaks-out-after-unique-journey-with-oregon-ducks.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na goma sha biyu, ya sami rauni wanda ya sa ya rasa wasan karshe na kakar wasa ta yau da kullun da kuma wasan zakarun kwallon kafa na Big Ten na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crepea |first=James |title=Oregon football receiver Justius Lowe says he’s healthy entering Rose Bowl after missing 2 games due to rib injury |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/ducks/2024/12/oregon-football-receiver-justius-lowe-says-hes-healthy-entering-rose-bowl-after-missing-2-games-due-to-rib-injury.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharyon |first=Pat |title=Experts release new Ohio State vs. Oregon prediction following reports that key Oregon wide receiver Justius Lowe will play in the Rose Bowl |url=https://www.syracuse.com/betting/2024/12/experts-release-new-ohio-state-vs-oregon-prediction-following-reports-that-key-oregon-wide-receiver-justius-lowe-will-play-in-the-rose-bowl.html |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=Syracuse.com}}</ref> Lowe ya gama kakar 2024, yana wasa a wasanni goma sha ɗaya, yana yin rikodin 21 receptions don 203 yadudduka da kuma touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordi |first=Mario |title=Oregon Ducks Wide Receiver Breakout Candidates After Evan Stewart Injury |url=https://www.si.com/college/oregon/football/oregon-ducks-breakout-candidates-evan-stewart-injury-dakorien-moore-justius-lowe-kyler-kasper-wide-receiver |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2025, Lowe ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai shiga tashar canja wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skopil |first=Erik |date=December 17, 2025 |title=Oregon WR Justius Lowe to enter portal and pursue transfer from Ducks |url=https://247sports.com/college/oregon/article/oregon-wr-justius-lowe-to-enter-portal-and-pursue-transfer-from-ducks-266079721/ |access-date=January 26, 2026 |website=247Sports}}</ref> === Jihar San Diego === A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2026, Lowe ya sanar da cewa zai koma Jihar San Diego.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=justiius|number=2011285214010745191|title=OFFICIAL !|access-date=January 26, 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Twitter|justiius}} * [https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/justius-lowe/17393 Oregon Ducks bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716003232/https://goducks.com/sports/football/roster/justius-lowe/17393 |date=2025-07-16 }} * [https://goaztecs.com/sports/football/roster/player/justius-lowe San Diego Jihar Aztecs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fjsmavmkad89g2qdst47h3nwicak32p 0 160664 891853 886037 2026-08-06T05:21:18Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidauniyar Sanctuary Nature Foundation''' wata gidauniya ce mai zaman kanta ta Indiya wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2015, wadda ta gina a kan aikin mujallar namun daji ta ''Sanctuary Asia'', wacce Bittu Sahgal ta ƙaddamar a shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUST SEE: Amazing award-winning wildlife photos |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-must-see-amazing-award-winning-wildlife-photos/20111205.htm |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Rediff}}</ref> Cibiyarta ta masu kare muhalli, masu nazarin halittu, masana kimiyya, marubuta da masu ɗaukar hoto tana gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a fannin [[manufofin muhalli]], fafutuka, kimiyya, tallafin ƙasa, kula da muhallin namun daji da sauransu. Gidauniyar kuma tana gudanar da kyaututtuka na shekara-shekara don girmama masu kare muhalli da masu ɗaukar hoto na namun daji. == Tarihi == === shekarun 1980 === Bisa wahayi daga Fateh Singh Rathore, wanda ya roƙe shi da ya wayar da kan ɗan ƙasar Indiya kan mahimmancin kiyaye namun daji, Bittu Sahgal ta kafa mujallar Sanctuary Asia a watan Oktoban 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunderbans is a sinking ship: Bittu Sahgal - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sunderbans-is-a-sinking-ship-Bittu-Sahgal/articleshow/49701527.cms |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> An buga bugu na farko a wannan watan. A shekarar 1984, an ƙaddamar da mujalla ta biyu don isa ga matasa masu sauraro, <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Sanctuary Cub</i></nowiki> . A lokaci guda, an kafa Sanctuary Films, kuma an watsa shirye-shiryen kiyaye namun daji guda biyu a cikin harshen [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]], masu suna ' Project Tiger ' da 'Rakshak', a Doordarshan, cibiyar talabijin ta ƙasa ta Indiya. === shekarun 1990 === A farkon shekarun 1990, ƙungiyar Sanctuary ta fara faɗaɗa aikinsu fiye da wallafawa zuwa ayyukan kiyayewa, bayar da shawarwari, bincike, kula da muhalli da sauransu. Ƙungiyar ta fara isa ga mutane da yawa ta hanyar haɗa labaran da marubuta daban-daban suka wallafa kamar Ruskin Bond, Vijaya Venkat, Dilip D'Souza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT Travel: A travel feature on Madagascar, Africa. |url=http://m.rediff.com/travel/dec/16mad1.htm |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> da sauransu a cikin manyan jaridu. A ƙarƙashin tutar Sanctuary Features, ƙungiyar ta gabatar da wasu ra'ayoyi kan batutuwan yanayi, namun daji, kiyayewa da ci gaba yayin da take kuma tattauna batutuwa masu alaƙa kamar tafiye-tafiye, kimiyya da lafiya. An ƙirƙiri ɗakin karatu na Hoto na Sanctuary, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-28 |title=Salim points the way |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/salim-points-the-way/story-4VaE7Yb2ZAswBwF0XXj2wL.html |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> kamfanin ɗaukar hotunan hannun jari, a shekarar 1990 a matsayin wurin adana hotunan tarihin halitta. Yana da cikakken rumbun adana bayanai na namun daji da hotunan shimfidar wuri. === Shekarun 2000 === A shekarar 1999, Sanctuary ta ƙaddamar da shirin Kids for Tigers, wani shiri na ilimin muhalli wanda aka gabatar a makarantu a faɗin Indiya. An haɓaka shirin Kids for Tigers don ƙara wayar da kan yara game da bambancin halittu da kuma buƙatar gaggawa ta ceton damisa da dazuzzuka domin tabbatar da makomarmu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=2007-08-11 |title=Bittu Sahgal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/YH3C64E6E63DtCQG3ipxPN/Bittu-Sahgal.html |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2000, an kafa kyaututtukan namun daji na Sanctuary Wildlife Awards don girmama maza da mata da ke aiki don kare yankunan daji da kuma masu daukar hoto waɗanda suka yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu a matsayin kayan aikin kiyayewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scroll Staff |title=Swooping eagles, duelling cobras and other winners at the Sanctuary Wildlife Photography awards |url=https://scroll.in/article/903231/yawning-leopards-duelling-cobras-and-other-winners-at-the-sanctuary-wildlife-photography-awards |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2015 ne Sanctuary Asia ta kafa Sanctuary Nature Foundation, gidauniyar agaji wadda yanzu ke buga mujallu da wasu wallafe-wallafe da dama, sannan kuma ke kula da ayyukan kiyaye muhalli daban-daban. == Littattafai == === Mujallu === ''Sanctuary Asia'', wanda Bittu Sahgal ta shirya, yana da nufin wayar da kan manya game da mahimmancin kare muhalli, yana kuma ba da labarai masu dacewa game da namun daji da kiyayewa. An buga bugu na farko a watan Oktoba na 1981. A shekarar 1984, gidauniyar ta fara buga mujalla ta biyu, <nowiki><i id="mwSg">Sanctuary Cub</i></nowiki> . A halin yanzu Tara Sahgal ce ke gyara ta. A shekarar 2017, mujallar Cub ta sami matsayi na Runner Up a cikin kyautar Kids Stop Press Award don mafi kyawun jarida/mujalla ga yara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Parenting website, Kids website in India, Activities & Events for children in India |url=https://www.kidsstoppress.com/Awards2017-Result |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Kidsstoppress |language=en |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115105/https://www.kidsstoppress.com/Awards2017-Result |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga mujallu, Gidauniyar Sanctuary Nature Foundation tana buga nau'ikan kayan karatu a yau, ciki har da littattafan teburin kofi, jagororin namun daji da jagororin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa . === Littattafan teburin kofi === An buga littattafan teburin kofi na Sanctuary a cikin jeri biyu da uku daban-daban: * Jerin Gado girmamawa ce ga wasu wurare masu tsarki a Indiya, inda ake nuna hotuna da labarai daga masu kare muhalli, masu daukar hoto da marubuta. Jerin ya ƙunshi littattafai bisa ga waɗannan wurare masu tsarki: Kaziranga, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kaziranga Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-kaziranga-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115121/https://www.nhbs.com/the-kaziranga-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> Periyar, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Periyar Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-periyar-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Corbett, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Corbett Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-corbett-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115122/https://www.nhbs.com/the-corbett-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tadoba, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tadoba Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-tadoba-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Bandhavgarh <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bandhavgarh Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-bandhavgarh-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> da Bharatpur. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatpur Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-bharatpur-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115056/https://www.nhbs.com/the-bharatpur-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An haifi shirin Wild ne daga imani da muhimmancin tattara bayanai kan yanayin muhalli na kowace jiha ta Indiya. Akwai littattafai uku a cikin wannan jerin, waɗanda suka dogara da jihohin [[Maharashtra]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanctuary Asia's Wild Maharashtra |url=https://www.nhbs.com/sanctuary-asias-wild-maharashtra-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Chhattisgarh da [[Madhya Pradesh]]. * Littattafan teburin kofi da gidauniyar ta buga su ne ''India Naturally, Forever Stripes'' da ''Bor Tiger Reserve.'' === Littattafan jagora na wurin shakatawa === A halin yanzu, Sanctuary ta buga jagorori zuwa wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ibada guda 9 na Indiya. === ''Masanin Ilimin Halittu na Asiya'' === Sanctuary ta kuma buga mujallar The Ecologist Asia, bugu na Indiya na mujallar The Ecologist ta Burtaniya, wanda Edward Goldsmith ya kafa. Masanin Ecologist Asia, wanda abokan aikinsa su ne Bittu Sahgal, [[Vandana Shiva]], Claude Alvares da Smitu Kothari, sun sadaukar da kansu wajen yada labaran muhalli da ci gaban da suka shafi yankin. == Ayyuka == A halin yanzu ƙungiyar Sanctuary tana aiki akan waɗannan ayyukan. === Yara ga Tigers === An kafa shirin Kids for Tigers a shekarar 2000, shirin wayar da kan jama'a ne na ilimi wanda ke neman a cusa wa yara soyayya da girmamawa ga yanayi ta hanyar hanyoyi, bita, bukukuwa da sansani. Shirin ya wuce ilimin kiyayewa, an sadaukar da shi ne don 'bar yara da duniya mafi kyau da kuma barin duniya da yara mafi kyau'. An kafa shirin Kids for Tigers a shekarar 2000, ya kai yara sama da miliyan kuma an ba shi takardar shaidar Limca Book of Records saboda ƙirƙirar littafin 'Save The Tiger' mafi girma a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-21 |title=Kids in India Come Together to Save Tigers |url=https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/02/21/kids-in-india-come-together-to-save-tigers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925154341/https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/02/21/kids-in-india-come-together-to-save-tigers/ |archive-date=2020-09-25 |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=National Geographic Society Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Laka a kan Takalma === An ƙaddamar da Mud on Boots a shekarar 2017, kuma yana neman ƙarfafa masu kare muhalli a Indiya. Waɗannan masu kare muhalli galibi sun fito ne daga ƙasƙantattun wurare, kuma suna ganin kansu a matsayin waɗanda ba su da ikon faɗaɗa da kuma ba da kuɗaɗen aikinsu saboda ƙalubalen da ke tattare da shingayen harshe, nesa da kuma ƙarancin damar shiga fasaha da ilimi. Shugabannin kiyaye muhalli masu aminci ne suka gano waɗannan mutane a matsayin Sanctuary. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Homegrown |title=Mud On Boots — An Initiative Empowering Grassroots Conservationists Of India |url=https://homegrown.co.in/article/803329/mud-on-boots-an-initiative-empowering-grassroots-conservationists-of-india |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=homegrown.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Tsawon shekaru biyu, zaɓaɓɓun Shugabannin Ayyuka suna samun tallafin kuɗi da sauran tallafi na dabaru daga Sanctuary. === Gidajen adana kayan COCOON === An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2017, ƙungiyar kiyaye muhalli ta al'umma (COCOON) ta sake tayar da hankali a wajen Cibiyar Kare Muhalli ta Indiya. COCOON tana neman inganta rayuwar manoman Indiya waɗanda ke zaune kusa da filayen daji ta hanyar mayar da gonakinsu da suka gaza zuwa matsayin dazuzzukan halittu daban-daban, da kuma taimaka musu su sami sabbin hanyoyin samun kuɗi, kamar yawon buɗe ido na muhalli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-08 |title=A community-led vision for India's rural future |url=https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/a-community-led-vision-for-india-s-rural-future-93796 |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Devex}}</ref> Tsarin COCOON ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa al'ummomin gida dole ne su zama manyan masu cin gajiyar sabunta bambancin halittu, maimakon a kore su daga muhallinsu, don haka dangantaka tsakanin mutane da wuraren shakatawa za ta iya inganta. COCOON ta mayar da filayen da waɗannan al'ummomi suka mallaka zuwa wuraren shakatawa na muhalli da wuraren kallon namun daji. Kuɗin da yawon buɗe ido ke samu yana zuwa ga manoman da har yanzu ke da ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba wa iyalansu ilimi da kula da lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Here are 20 reasons to feel better about the planet |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/20-reasons-feel-better-planet/ |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ofnjvbslep4c9w7yiveq10lx41vcuu1 0 160795 891824 876240 2026-08-06T01:09:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891824 wikitext text/x-wiki Uwayen gidan gwamnonin nigeria dake a jahohi 36 a Najeriya sune masu ba da shawarwari ga gwamnonin kuma sau da yawa suna taka rawa a cikin fafutukar zamantakewa. Matsayin al'ada ne matar gwamnan jihar ke rike da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojoye |first=Taiwo |date=16 June 2019 |title=With new govs come new First Ladies of style |url=https://punchng.com/with-new-govs-come-new-first-ladies-of-style/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Koyaya, gwamnatin Mohammed Buhari, [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban Najeriya]] tun 2015, ta soke Ofishin Uwargidan Shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwagbuighogu |first=Levinus |date=22 August 2015 |title=Presidency abolishes office of First Lady |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/08/presidency-abolishes-office-of-first-lady/ |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Jerin Mata na farko na jihohi 36 a Najeriya kafin aikin Shugaba Buhari == {| class="wikitable" !State !First Ladies !Governor !Refs |- |Abia State |[[Nkechi Ikpeazu]] |[[Okezie Ikpeazu]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Abia First Lady Builds Market, Gives Grant To Women |url=https://dailytrust.com/abia-first-lady-builds-market-gives-grant-to-women |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Adamawa State |Hajiya Lami Fintiri |[[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] | |- |Akwa Ibom State |Martha Udom |[[Udom Gabriel Emmanuel]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2022 |title=Akwa Ibom First Lady bemoans NASS rejection of gender Bill |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/akwa-ibom-first-lady-bemoans-nass-rejection-of-gender-bill/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Anambra State |Nonye Chukwuma |Charles Chukwuma Soludo |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2022 |title=Nine things to know about Anambra First Lady Nonye |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nine-things-to-know-about-anambra-first-lady-nonye/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Bauchi State |Hajiya Aisha Bala Mohammed |[[Bala Mohammed]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2021 |title=Bauchi First Lady Wants Girl-Child Education Compulsory In Nigeria |url=https://dailytrust.com/bauchi-first-lady-wants-girl-child-education-compulsory-in-nigeria |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Bayelsa State |Gloria Diri |[[Douye Diri]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2021 |title=SGBV: Bayelsa First lady leads campaign in schools |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/sgbv-bayelsa-first-lady-leads-campaign-in-schools/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Benue State |Eunice Erdoo Ortom |[[Samuel Ortom]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2021 |title=2023: Group lauds Benue First Lady, Eunice Ortom for encouraging female aspirants |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/2023-group-lauds-benue-first-lady-eunice-ortom-for-encouraging-female-aspirants/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Borno State |Falmata Babagana Umara Zulum |[[Babagana Umara Zulum]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2022 |title=Borno First Lady loses father |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/04/borno-first-lady-loses-father/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Cross River State |Linda Ayade |[[Benedict Ayade]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Gov Ayade's wife kicks off health insurance scheme |url=https://punchng.com/gov-ayades-wife-kicks-off-health-insurance-scheme/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Delta State |Dame Edith Okowa |[[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi|Ifeanyi Okowa]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2020 |title=Edith Okowa: Standing Out With O5 Initiative |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/edith-okowa-standing-out-with-o5-initiative/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Ebonyi State |Rachael Umahi |[[David Umahi|Dave Umahi]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Ebonyi first lady, Rachel Umahi's heart of gold |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/ebonyi-first-lady-rachel-umahis-heart-of-gold/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Edo State |Betsy Bene Obasek |[[Godwin Obaseki]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2020 |title=Edo First Lady, Betsy, Bagudu, Okei-Odumakin seek collaboration, new strategies to end violence against women |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/edo-first-lady-betsy-bagudu-okei-odumakin-seek-collaboration-new-strategies-to-end-violence-against-women/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Ekiti State |Prof. (Mrs) Oyebanji |[[Biodun Oyebanji]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2018 |title=Meet the Ekiti state First Lady-in-waiting, Bisi Adeleye Fayemi |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/07/meet-the-ekiti-state-first-lady-in-waiting-bisi-adeleye-fayemi/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Enugu State |Monica Ugwuanyi |[[Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Enugu first lady: Monica Ugwuanyị agbapeela akụrụngwa e ji akwọ aka |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-50142434 |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Gombe State |Hajiya Asma'u Inuwa Yahaya |[[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=Gombe First Lady Flags Off Distribution Of Delivery Kits To Pregnant Women |url=https://dailytrust.com/gombe-first-lady-flags-off-distribution-of-delivery-kits-to-pregnant-women |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Imo State |Chioma Uzodinma |[[Hope Uzodinma]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2020 |title=Chioma Ikeaka-Uzodimma: Meet di youngest First Lady of a state for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-51123630 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=bbc}}</ref> |- |Jigawa State |Hajiya Magajiya Badaru Abubakar |[[Mohammed Badaru Abubakar]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2020 |title=In Jigawa: 3 of the Governor's First Ladies To Get Special Assistants |url=https://www.herald.ng/jigawa-governors-first-ladies-assistants/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=herald |archive-date=8 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208180430/https://www.herald.ng/jigawa-governors-first-ladies-assistants/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Kaduna State |[[Hadiza Isma El-Rufai]] |[[Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2020 |title=Endearing Qualities of Kaduna First Lady, Hadiza El-Rufai |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/12/endearing-qualities-of-kaduna-first-lady-hadiza-el-rufai/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=thisday}}</ref> |- |Kano State |[[Hafsat Ganduje]] |[[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |title=Hafsat Ganduje Why di first lady of Kano State govnor Abdullahi Ganduje go EFCC office |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-58799404 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=Thisday}}</ref> |- |Katsina State |Hajiya Zakiyya Aminu Masari |[[Aminu Bello Masari]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Katsina First Lady Empowering Widows, Orphans |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/11/30/katsina-first-lady-empowering-widows-orphans/ |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=thisday}}</ref> |- |Kebbi State |[[Zainab Shinkafi Bagudu]] |[[Abubakar Atiku Bagudu]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2019 |title=Kebbi First Lady Seeks Executive's Endorsement of Law against Gender Violence |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/12/01/kebbi-first-lady-seeks-executives-endorsement-of-law-against-gender-violence/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=thisday}}</ref> |- |Kogi State |[[Rashida Bello]] |[[Yahaya Bello]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2022 |title=Rashida Yahaya Bello shows love, support for underprivileged |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/rashida-yahaya-bello-shows-love-support-for-underprivileged/ |access-date=22 April 2022}}</ref> |- |Kwara State |Olufolake Abdulrazaq, |[[Abdulrahman AbdulRazaq|AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=Kwara First Lady Named Teacher of the Month |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/03/17/kwara-first-lady-named-teacher-of-the-month/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=thisday}}</ref> |- |Lagos State |[[Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu]] |[[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2020 |title=PHOTOS: Sanwo-Olu, Wife Worship Online At Easter |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/04/12/photos-sanwo-olu-wife-worship-online-at-easter/ |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=channels}}</ref> |- |Nasarawa State |Hajiya Silifa |[[Abdullahi Sule]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2019 |title=My eldest wife is the First Lady —Nasarawa Gov |url=https://punchng.com/my-eldest-wife-is-the-first-lady-nasarawa-gov/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=punch}}</ref> |- |Niger State |Amina Abdulsalam |[[Abubakar Sani Bello]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2020 |title=First Lady Of Niger State, AMINA ABUBAKAR BELLO, empowering women, solving the plight of their health concerns |url=https://businessday.ng/women-in-business/article/first-lady-of-niger-state-amina-abubakar-bello-empowering-women-solving-the-plight-of-their-health-concerns/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=businessday}}</ref> |- |Ogun State |[[Bamidele Abiodun]] |[[Dapo Abiodun]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2021 |title=Icons: Bamidele Abiodun (First Lady Of Ogun State, Nigeria) |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/icons-bamidele-abiodun-first-lady-of-ogun-state-nigeria/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=tribune}}</ref> |- |Ondo State |[[Betty Anyanwu-Akeredolu]] |[[Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu|Rotimi Akeredolu]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2021 |title=Ihiagwa Day: Ondo First Lady Gets New Title, 'Nwanyiwuihe' |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/12/31/ihiagwa-day-ondo-first-lady-gets-new-title-nwanyiwuihe/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=thisday}}</ref> |- |Osun State |Kafayat Oyetola |[[Adegboyega Oyetola|Gboyega Oyetola]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-09 |title=Osun First Lady, Kafayat Oyetola emerges SGWF Chairperson |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/osun-first-lady-kafayat-oyetola-emerges-sgwf-chairperson/ |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Oyo State |Tamunominini Makinde |[[Oluwaseyi Makinde|Seyi Makinde]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2021 |title=Oyo First Lady urges assistance for the needy |url=https://punchng.com/oyo-first-lady-urges-assistance-for-the-needy/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=punch}}</ref> |- |Plateau State |Regina Simon Lalong Dako |[[Simon Bako Lalong|Simon Lalong]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2021 |title=Plateau Executive Council, NCPC boss rejoices with First Lady, Regina Lalong |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/plateau-executive-council-ncpc-boss-rejoices-with-first-lady-regina-lalong/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=sunnews}}</ref> |- |Rivers State |[[Eberechi Wike]] |[[Ezenwo Wike|Ezenwo Nyesom Wike]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-24 |title=NASS Rivers State Caucus hails Justice Eberechi Nyesom-Wike as she marks her birthday |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/nass-rivers-state-caucus-hails-justice-eberechi-nyesom-wike-as-she-marks-her-birthday/ |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Sokoto State |Mariya Aminu Waziri |[[Aminu Waziri Tambuwal|Aminu Tambuwal]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sokoto: Mariya wins "Most Performing First Lady" |url=https://dailytrust.com/sokoto-mariya-wins-most-performing-first-lady-3 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=dailytrust}}</ref> |- |Taraba State |[[Anna Darius Ishaku]] |[[Darius Ishaku|Darius Dickson Ishaku]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-11 |title=Taraba First Lady advocates more appointments for women |url=https://guardian.ng/news/taraba-first-lady-advocates-more-appointments-for-women/ |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Yobe State |Gumsu Abacha Buni |[[Mai Mala Buni]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=Yobe's first lady, Gumsu Sanni Abacha Enjoys Quality Vacation with Children |url=https://cityspy.com.ng/yobes-first-lady-gumsu-sanni-abacha-enjoys-quality-vacation-with-children/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=cityspy}}</ref> |- |Zamfara State |Aisha Bello Matawalle |[[Bello Matawalle]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2021 |title=Zamfara First Lady Secures Political Appointment For 20 Miyetti Allah Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2021/04/13/zamfara-first-lady-secures-political-appointment-for-20-miyetti-allah-members/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=channels}}</ref> |- |} * [[Bolanle Ambode]] * [[Abimbola Fashola]] * [[Oluremi Tinubu]] * Rahama Odochi Orji * [[Judith Amaechi]] * [[Mary Odili|Maryamu Odili]] * [[Rose A. George]] 23za0iyqa3p41g7m9luy8lj2vwp24i2 0 161124 891783 879285 2026-08-05T21:39:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'a ta intanet''' (ko '''jami'a ta intanet''' ) tana ba da shirye-shiryen ilimi mafi girma ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki, galibi [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]] . Wasu cibiyoyi ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke ba da koyo ta intanet a matsayin wani ɓangare na darussan jami'o'insu masu tsawo yayin da wasu kuma ke ba da darussan ta intanet kawai. Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin nau'i na ilimin nesa . Manufar jami'o'in intanet ita ce samar da damar shiga ga ɓangaren jama'a waɗanda ba za su iya halartar harabar jami'a ba, saboda dalilai kamar nesa - inda ɗalibai ke zaune nesa da harabar jami'a don halartar azuzuwan yau da kullun; da kuma buƙatar sassauci - wasu ɗalibai suna buƙatar sassauci don yin karatu a gida duk lokacin da ya dace da su. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna wanzuwa ne kawai a matsayin haɗin gwiwa na jami'o'i, cibiyoyi ko sassan da ke da alaƙa da juna waɗanda ke ba da darussa da dama ta Intanet, talabijin ko wasu kafofin watsa labarai, waɗanda suka bambanta da shirye-shiryen da cibiya ɗaya ke bayarwa a wajen haɗin gwiwa. Wasu ƙungiyoyi ne daban-daban waɗanda ke da tsarin shari'a, amma ana kiransu "na kama-da-wane" saboda suna bayyana ne kawai a Intanet, ba tare da wani wuri na zahiri ba banda sassan gudanarwarsu. Duk da haka, sauran jami'o'in kama-da-wane za a iya tsara su ta hanyoyi na musamman ko na zahiri, tare da ko ba tare da harabar jami'o'i na ainihi don karɓar isar da shirye-shirye ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na fasaha waɗanda ake watsawa daga wani wuri inda farfesoshi ke ba da laccoci a talabijin. Ana gudanar da isar da shirye-shirye a jami'a ta hanyar amfani da fasahar sadarwa da bayanai kamar shafukan yanar gizo, imel da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa. Ganin cewa jami'o'in kama-da-wane sababbi ne kuma sun bambanta sosai, har yanzu akwai tambayoyi game da amincewa da takardun shaida da ingancin tantancewa . == Tarihi == Babban siffa ta dukkan nau'o'i da tsararrakin ilimi na nesa ita ce rabuwar ɗalibi da malami a lokaci da sarari. Ana iya ganin ilimin nesa a matsayin abin da ya fi gaban koyo ta yanar gizo. Kafin zuwan jami'o'i na kama-da-wane, cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa suna ba da wasu ilimin nesa ta hanyar kwasa-kwasan wasiƙa bisa ga bugawa. Sau da yawa ana kiran waɗannan darussa da "kwas a cikin akwati". <ref>{{Cite web |title=USF College of Education Home Page |url=http://www.coedu.usf.edu |access-date=2010-06-24 |publisher=Coedu.usf.edu}}</ref> An haɓaka waɗannan don ɗalibai su sami ra'ayoyi kusan nan take daga farfesoshi da masu koyarwa ta yanar gizo ta hanyar imel ko tattaunawa ta yanar gizo. Lokacin da aka fara amfani da kalmar "virtual" a ma'anar lissafi, yana aiki ne ga abubuwan da kwamfuta ta kwaikwayi, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar kama-da-wane . A tsawon lokaci, ana amfani da siffa ga abubuwan da ke wanzuwa a zahiri kuma kwamfutoci ke ƙirƙira ko aiwatarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Can We Talk About "Virtual" English? « f/k/a archives . . . real opinions & real haiku |url=https://archive.blogs.harvard.edu/ethicalesq/2004/02/06/can-we-talk-about-virtual-english/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=archive.blogs.harvard.edu}}</ref> Jami'ar Buɗaɗɗiya da ke [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] ita ce jami'ar koyarwa ta nesa ta farko a duniya da ta yi nasara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2008 |title=Open to Change: An Interview with Leaders of the Open University |url=http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/open-change-interview-leaders-open-university |access-date=12 April 2014 |publisher=[[Educause]]}}</ref> An kafa ta a shekarun 1960 bisa ga imanin cewa fasahar sadarwa za ta iya kawo ingantaccen ilimi na digiri ga mutanen da ba su sami damar halartar jami'o'in harabar jami'a ba. <ref name="open.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Distance Learning Courses and Adult Education - The Open University |url=http://www.open.ac.uk |access-date=2010-06-24 |publisher=Open.ac.uk}}</ref> Masanin ilimi kuma masanin tarihi JC Stobbart ne ya fara tattaunawa kan ra'ayin "jami'a mara waya" a [[BBC]] (British Broadcasting Corporation). Tun daga farkon wannan lokacin, ƙarin ra'ayoyi sun fito har sai da Jam'iyyar Labour a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Harold Wilson ta kafa kwamitin ba da shawara don kafa Jami'ar Buɗaɗɗiya. Da nufin samar da ilimi mai zurfi ga duk waɗanda ke son shiga, kwamitin ya fito da yanayi daban-daban kafin ya amince da sunan ''Open University'' . Tunani na farko da aka fara samu a Burtaniya shine a sami "teleuniversity" wanda zai haɗa laccoci da rubuce-rubucen wasiƙa da ziyara zuwa jami'o'i na yau da kullun. A cikin yanayin "teleuniversity" ana koyar da darussan a rediyo da talabijin kuma a zahiri jami'o'i da yawa sun rungumi amfani da wannan fasaha don darussan ilimin nesa. Sunan "teleuniversity" ya canza zuwa "Jami'ar Air" wanda har yanzu yana da irin wannan burin na isa ga ƙungiyoyin masu ƙarancin kuɗi waɗanda ba su da damar shiga manyan makarantu. Sunan "Jami'ar Air" bai tsaya ba kuma lokacin da aka shigar da ɗaliban farko a watan Janairun 1971 sunan ya zama abin da ake kira "Open University". OU ta tabbatar da cewa yana yiwuwa a koyar da darussan matakin jami'a ga ɗalibai daga nesa. Zuwa shekarar 1980, jimillar ɗaliban da ke karatu a OU sun kai 70,000 kuma kimanin mutane 6,000 ne ke kammala karatunsu kowace shekara. Shekarun 1980 sun ga ƙaruwar faɗaɗa yayin da aka gabatar da ƙarin darussa da fannoni daban-daban; yayin da mahimmancin haɓaka aiki ke ƙaruwa, don haka jami'ar ta fara ba da darussan horo na ƙwararru tare da shirye-shiryenta na ilimi. A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, OU tana amfani da intanet. Ya zuwa shekarar 2008, sama da ɗalibai 180,000 suna mu'amala da OU ta yanar gizo daga gida. An fara buga ra'ayin jami'a ta kama-da-wane a matsayin wata cibiya da ke amfani da kwamfutoci da sadarwa maimakon gine-gine da sufuri don haɗa ɗalibai da malamai don darussan jami'a a cikin ayyukan kamar "Ƙungiyar Kare Makaranta" na Ivan Illich wanda ya gabatar da manufar amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na kwamfuta a matsayin allon sauyawa don koyo, a cikin 1971. A cikin 1971 George Kasey, ƙwararren masanin ɗabi'ar kafofin watsa labarai (mai fafutuka), ya gabatar da jerin laccoci kan "Falsafancin Kare Sadarwa" a ƙarƙashin tallafin Phil Jacklin PhD, farfesa a Jami'ar California San Jose, memba na "Kwamitin Yankin (San Francisco)Bay don Buɗe Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Samun Dama ga Jama'a." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasey |first=George |title=De-Design and the Ethics of Information Architecture |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366876963_De-Design_and_the_Ethics_of_Information_Architecture}}</ref> Laccocin sun ƙunshi ka'idojin amfani da sadarwa da kafofin watsa labarai don rage makaranta da kuma rage ƙira na ilimi na yau da kullun da kuma wani tsarin Jami'ar Kyauta ta Kama-da-wane. A shekarar 1972, George Kasey ya kafa "Media Free Times - Multimedia Random Sampling of Anarchic Communications Art" wani samfuri don koyo daga nesa tare da amfani da "mujallu da yawa na kafofin watsa labarai," waɗanda yanzu ake kira "shafukan yanar gizo". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 1995, John Tiffin da Lalita Rajasingham sun tattauna waɗannan ra'ayoyin a cikin littafinsu mai suna "In Search of the Virtual Class: Education in an Information Society" (London da New York, Routledge). An gina shi ne bisa wani aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa a Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington wanda ya gudana daga 1986-1996. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ana kiransa da Dakin gwaje-gwaje na Ajin Kama-da-wane, yana amfani da tsarin sadarwa na musamman don bai wa ɗalibai damar halartar aji ta hanyar kwamfuta ko ta jiki kuma da farko ƙungiyoyin sadarwa da dama sun tallafa masa. Manufarsa ita ce neman muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da amfani da ICT don ilimin jami'a. A shekarar 1992, dakin gwaje-gwajen ajin kama-da-wane ya koma Intanet. Wasu jami'o'i da dama sun shiga cikin shirye-shiryen farko a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, kuma an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje tsakanin Jami'ar Victoria da ke New Zealand, Jami'ar Hawaii, Jami'ar Jihar Ohio da Jami'ar Waseda don gwada gudanar da darussa da darussa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar sadarwa. Wannan ya haifar da manufar Jami'ar Duniya ta Kama-karya. == Aikin kwas == Samar da damar samun ilimi mai zurfi ga dukkan ɗalibai, musamman manya masu koyo, ya sauƙaƙa ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa yawancin jami'o'in kama-da-wane ba su da buƙatun shiga don darussan digiri na farko. <ref name="open.ac.uk"/> Ana buƙatar buƙatun shiga don darussan da aka yi niyya ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri ko waɗanda ke aiki a takamaiman ayyuka. Karatu a jami'a ta kama-da-wane yana da muhimman bambance-bambance da karatu a jami'ar da ba ta da tsari . Babu gine-gine ko harabar jami'a da za a je domin ɗalibai suna karɓar kayan koyo ta Intanet. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana buƙatar kwamfuta ta mutum da haɗin Intanet kawai waɗanda a al'ada ake buƙatar kasancewar ɗalibai a cikin aji. Kayan karatun na iya haɗawa da littattafai, littattafai, kaset ɗin sauti da bidiyo, shirye-shiryen TV, CD-ROM/software, da shafukan yanar gizo. Ana ba da tallafi ga ɗalibai daga farfesa ko malami ta yanar gizo ta imel idan suna fuskantar matsala da kwas ɗin. Yin kwasa-kwasan ta yanar gizo yana nufin ɗalibai za su koya a lokacinsu ta hanyar karanta kayan kwas, yin aiki a kan ayyukan kwas, rubuta ayyukan da aka ba su, da kuma yin aiki tare da wasu ɗalibai ta hanyar tattaunawa ta wayar tarho. Koyon ta yanar gizo na iya zama abin da ke ware kansu domin ɗalibi yana amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsa yana aiki da kansa. Wasu ɗalibai ba sa damuwa da wannan nau'in koyo shi kaɗai, amma wasu suna ganin babban cikas ne ga kammala kwasa-kwasan cikin nasara. Saboda yuwuwar wahalar kiyaye jadawalin da ake buƙata don samun nasara yayin koyo ta yanar gizo, wasu jami'o'i na kama-da-wane suna amfani da irin wannan tsarin sarrafa lokaci kamar makarantun gargajiya. Darussa da yawa suna aiki bisa ga jadawalin lokaci, wanda ɗalibi ke karɓa tare da kayan kwas ɗin. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da ayyukan da aka tsara don kowane mako na kwas ɗin da kuma kwanakin da za a ɗauka don ayyukan. Idan kwas ɗin yana da jarrabawa, za a sanar da ɗaliban inda za su je don rubuta shi. Misalin jami'a da ke da tsari mai tsauri shine Jami'ar Duniya ta Virtual (VGU) a Jamus. VGU tana ba da shirin digiri na biyu "International Master of Business Informatics " (MBI) - babban shiri a fannin fasahar bayanai da gudanarwa wanda ke ɗaukar matsakaicin zangon karatu huɗu don kammalawa (ga ɗaliban cikakken lokaci). Kowane darasi yana da lacca ko taron aji ta intanet kowane mako. Bayan haka, ɗalibai suna samun aikin gida; misali, dole ne su magance wani darasi, su yi bayani dalla-dalla kan wata matsala, su tattauna nazarin shari'a, ko kuma su yi jarrabawa. Malamai suna ba su ra'ayoyi nan take, kuma bayan mako guda, haka ma ya sake faruwa. Aikin kwas ɗin na iya zama iri ɗaya ga Jami'ar Virtual kamar Jami'ar On-campus a wasu lokuta. Misali, NYU Tandon Online tana ba da aikin kwas iri ɗaya ga ɗalibanta na kan layi kamar ɗaliban da ke kan harabar jami'ar a Makarantar Injiniya ta NYU Tandon . Ana yin wannan ta amfani da fasahohin zamani. == Yanayin koyarwa == Lokacin da aka fara darussa ta yanar gizo, babban hanyar isar da sako ita ce ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta sauti da gani ta hanyoyi biyu. A da, da kuma yanzu, yawancin shirye-shiryen karatun ta yanar gizo galibi sun dogara ne akan takardu na rubutu, amma fasahar multimedia ta ƙara shahara. Ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin isar da sako ta yanar gizo don faɗaɗa damar shiga shirye-shirye da ayyuka waɗanda za a iya bayarwa a kowane lokaci da kuma ko'ina. Tsarin hanyoyin koyarwa a cikin ilimin kama-da-wane ya haɗa da darussa bisa ga hypertext, bidiyo, sauti, imel, da taron bidiyo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanford |first=Michael Ellis |last2=Peters |first2=Sophia |title=On Teaching Modalities Of Virtual Universities & Online Course Providers |url=http://takemyonlineclass.us/taking-online-courses-modalities-universities/ |access-date=25 November 2014 |publisher=Class Consultants}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da koyarwa a yanar gizo ta hanyar kayan aiki kamar WebCT da Blackboard . Duba ilimin kama-da-wane . == Inganci == Ɗaliban da ke ɗaukar darussan "na kama-da-wane" suna yin aiki na gaske don samun digirinsu, kuma masu ilimi suna shirya da koyar da waɗannan darussa suna ɓatar da lokaci a zahiri wajen yin hakan. Wato, ɗalibai suna cika irin wannan matakin na sakamakon koyo na ilimi kuma ana tantance su ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da aka gina bisa ga ƙa'idodin jami'a na yau da kullun. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Can it be asserted that this applies to all virtual universities? (October 2010)">ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ko da yake bai kamata a ɗauka ba, jami'o'in kama-da-wane na iya samun amincewa kamar yadda jami'o'in gargajiya ke samu kuma suna aiki bisa ga irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ilimi. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai tambayoyi game da amincewa da kuma ingancin kimantawa. Ana buƙatar amincewa don tabbatar wa ɗalibai cewa cibiyar yanar gizo tana da ƙwararrun malamai na kan layi waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa da cancantar ilimi don tsarawa da aiwatar da manhajar. Ya kamata a sa ido sosai kan ƙa'idodin kimantawa a jami'o'in kama-da-wane. Misali, waɗanda aka yi wa tambayoyi game da ra'ayoyinsu game da digiri na kan layi za su kimanta digiri na kan layi daga Stanford daidai da digiri na kan harabar jami'a, saboda an san sunan cibiyar bayar da tallafi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=News |url=http://www.onlineuc.net/oucarticle.html |access-date=2010-06-24 |publisher=Online UC |archive-date=2017-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127172351/http://www.onlineuc.net/oucarticle.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Ilimin nesa * Digiri na kan layi * Yanayin ilmantarwa ta yanar gizo * [[Makarantar kan layi|Makarantar kama-da-wane]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9st4a6l7u4g7c4gbmfqey71jzdrk0v1 0 161230 891814 880263 2026-08-06T00:05:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Javier Matías Pastore''' (a Turanci) ; an haife shi a ranar 20 ga Yuni 1989) wakilin ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Argentina kuma tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . [[Mai buga tsakiya|Dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]], Pastore ya fara aikinsa na kulob tare da Talleres sannan Huracán a ƙasarsa ta asali Argentina kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Serie A ta Palermo a 2009 kan kuɗin canja wuri da aka ruwaito na €4.7&nbsp;miliyan. <ref name="Zamparinilegalaction" /> A shekarar 2011, ƙungiyar [[Paris Saint-Germain]] ta Faransa ta saye shi kan kuɗi da aka ruwaito cewa ya kai Yuro 39.8&nbsp;miliyan. Ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama a cikin gida tare da ƙungiyar, ciki har da kofuna biyar [[Ligue 1|na Ligue 1]], kafin ya koma Roma a 2018, kan kuɗin Yuro miliyan 24.7. A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, Pastore ya fara buga wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko a shekarar 2010, kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 20 ga ƙasarsa. Ya wakilci Argentina a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010, da kuma a gasar Copa America sau uku, inda ya kai zagayen ƙarshe a jere a gasar ta ƙarshe a shekarar 2015 da 2016 . == Aikin kulob == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Pastore a Córdoba a cikin dangin Italiya da Argentina, asalinsu daga Volvera, Turin . Ya fara aikinsa a tsarin matasa na ƙungiyar Talleres ta Argentina, kuma a hankali ya yi aiki har zuwa ƙungiyar farko. A shekara ta 2007, ya fara buga wasa a rukuni na biyu na Argentina a ƙarƙashin jagorancin manaja Ricardo Gareca . A shekara ta 2007, ya buga wasanni biyar kacal. === Huracan === A kakar wasa ta 2008, an ba Pastore aro ga Huracán na Argentina Primera . Ya fara buga wasa a Huracán a ranar 24 ga Mayu 2008 a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 da River Plate . A gasar Clausura ta 2009, ya kafa kansa a matsayin dan wasa na farko a kungiyar a karkashin jagorancin Ángel Cappa . Wannan ita ce gasar da ya yi nasara, inda kungiyarsa ta rasa kofin zakarun Turai. An yaba masa musamman a wasan da ya yi da River Plate inda ya fara zura kwallo da bugun yadi 25 sannan ya sake zura kwallo da wani kyakkyawan sakamako wanda ya taimaka wa Huracán lashe 4-0 a babbar nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a kan River Plate cikin sama da shekaru 60. Ya kare a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallo a kungiyar da kwallaye bakwai da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallo uku. Pastore da abokin wasansa Matías De Federico sun taka rawar gani a gasar cin kofin Huracán a wannan kakar. === Palermo === A ranar 11 ga Yulin 2009, Palermo ta sanar da daukar Pastore a hukumance na tsawon shekaru biyar har zuwa 30 ga Yunin 2014, inda aka lissafa kudin canja wurin dan wasan akan kimanin €4.7.&nbsp;miliyan. Kafin ya koma Palermo, an kuma danganta dan wasan da wasu manyan kungiyoyin Turai, ciki har da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], Porto, Milan da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] . Pastore ya fara buga wasa a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta a gasar Coppa Italia, yayin da ya fara buga wasa a gasar Serie A kwanaki takwas bayan haka. Wasansa na farko ya kasance a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba a kan Juventus, lokacin da ya taimaka wa Edinson Cavani ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka ci 2-0, inda ya bayyana a dukkan gidajen yanar gizo da jaridun kasar. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A a ranar 30 ga Janairun 2010 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Bari da ci 2-4. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya buga a Palermo, Pastore ya nuna kansa a matsayin matashi mai kwarin gwiwa amma mara kwarewa, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu a karkashin koci Walter Zenga, daga baya kuma, Delio Rossi . Daga nan Pastore ya kafa kansa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Rossi, inda ya taka rawa a bayan Fabrizio Miccoli da Edinson Cavani. Godiya ga rawar da ya taka, waɗanda magoya baya da masana suka yaba, Palermo ta kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na biyar, don haka ta cancanci shiga gasar UEFA Europa League . A kakar wasa ta 2010-11, a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, Pastore ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan derby da Catania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Palermo 3 - 1 Catania Match report - 11/14/10 Serie A - Goal.com |url=http://www.goal.com/en/match/48771/palermo-vs-catania/report}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2011, shugaban ƙungiyar Palermo Maurizio Zamparini ya bayyana cewa an amince da kuɗin canja wurin Javier Pastore zuwa [[Paris Saint-Germain]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zamparini: Pastore deal done with PSG |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/938479/maurizio-zamparini:-%E2%82%AC43m-javier-pastore-deal-done-with-psg?cc=4716 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026124130/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/938479/maurizio-zamparini:-%E2%82%AC43m-javier-pastore-deal-done-with-psg?cc=4716 |archive-date=26 October 2012 |access-date=30 July 2011}}</ref> === Paris Saint-Germain === [[Fayil:Pastore.png|right|thumb|Pastore tare da PSG a watan Agustan 2011]] [[Fayil:Chelsea_2_PSG_2_(Agg_3-3)_(16801401672).jpg|thumb|Pastore yana wasa da Chelsea a gasar UCL]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2011, Paris Saint-Germain ta sanar da siyan Pastore a hukumance, inda ta ba shi rigar wasa mai lamba 27. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PSG sign Pastore - psg.fr |url=http://www.psg.fr/en/article/003001/article/54532/PSG-sign-Pastore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116050125/http://www.psg.fr/en/article/003001/article/54532/PSG-sign-Pastore |archive-date=16 November 2011 |access-date=6 August 2011}}</ref> Kudin canja wurin a duk tsawon lokacin shine €39.8&nbsp;miliyan. Duk da haka, saboda mallakar wani ɓangare na uku daga wakilinsa Marcelo Simonian, wanda zai karɓi €12.5&nbsp;miliyan (ba a san ko ya haɗa da kuɗin wakili ko a'a ba) <ref name="Zamparinilegalaction" /> Palermo ta sanar ta shafinta na yanar gizo cewa ƙungiyar ta sami €22.8 kacal&nbsp;miliyan na jimillar kuɗin. Shugaban ƙungiyar Palermo Maurizio Zamparini ya fara shari'a kan lamarin, duk da cewa Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Italiya (FIGC) ta hana kowace ƙungiyar Italiya yin yarjejeniyar mallakar wani kamfani da wasu kamfanoni, wanda Zamparini ya amince cewa zai iya fuskantar hukunci a kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2011 |title=Regolamento Agenti dei Calciatori (2011) |trans-title=Football agent regulation |url=http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/54.$plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_3818_Sezioni_lstSezioni_numSezione_0_lstCapitoli_numCapitolo_0_upfFileUpload_it.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709234837/http://www.figc.it/Assets/contentresources_2/ContenutoGenerico/54.%24plit/C_2_ContenutoGenerico_3818_Sezioni_lstSezioni_numSezione_0_lstCapitoli_numCapitolo_0_upfFileUpload_it.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=4 September 2011 |website=FIGC |language=it}}</ref> Pastore ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan [[Ligue 1]] da Brest a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2011. A kakar wasa ta farko a [[Parc des Princes]], Pastore ya zura kwallaye 13 a wasanni 33 na gasar . A shekara mai zuwa, Pastore ya buga wasanni 34 na gasar yayin da PSG ta lashe kofin farko cikin hudu a jere na gasar Ligue 1. Ya kuma zura kwallonsa ta farko a [[UEFA Champions League|gasar UEFA Champions League]] a wasan da suka doke FC Dynamo Kyiv da ci 4-1 a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2012. A shekarar 2014–15, Pastore ya buga wasanni sama da 50 kuma an sanya shi a cikin ƙungiyar UNFP ta kakar wasa ta bana yayin da PSG ta lashe gasar Ligue 1, Coupe de France, Coupe de la Ligue da Trophée des Champions . Kafin kakar wasa ta 2016-17, Pastore ya gaji rigar lamba 10 daga [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] mai barin aiki, inda ya sauya daga rigar lamba 27. Kamar yadda yake a 2015-16, ya rasa babban ɓangare na kakar wasa sakamakon raunuka, amma ya koma cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko na PSG a ''Le Classique'' da abokan hamayyarsa Olympique de Marseille, inda ya taimaka wa Edinson Cavani a wasan da suka ci Ligue 1 da ci 5-1 a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2017. Bayan kwana uku, ya shigo wasa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa kuma ya ci kwallon farko, kafin ya sake taimakawa Cavani yayin da PSG ta doke kulob din Ligue 2 Chamois Niortias 2-0 don isa matakin kwata-kwata na Coupe de France na 2016-17 . A ranar 19 ga Maris 2017, Pastore ya taimaka wa kwallaye biyu na PSG ta hanyar ketare kwallon ga Adrien Rabiot da [[Julian Draxler]] masu zura kwallaye a wasansu na gida da Lyon da ci 2-1 a gasar Ligue 1. A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2017, Pastore ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin [[Julian Draxler]] a minti na 72 yayin da PSG ta doke Angers da ci 1-0 a wasan karshe na Coupe de France na 2017. Kafin fara kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya bar rigarsa mai lamba 10 ga sabon dan wasan da ya saye [[Neymar]] a matsayin kyauta mai kyau sannan ya sake dawo da rigarsa mai lamba 27 a baya. A ranar 8 ga Mayu 2018, ya fito daga benci yayin da PSG ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Les Herbiers VF don lashe gasar Coupe de France ta 2017-18 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2018 |title=French Cup final - PSG beat Les Herbiers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/43949707 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Romawa === A ranar 26 ga Yuni 2018, Pastore ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Roma ta Italiya daga [[Paris Saint-Germain]] kan kuɗin da aka ruwaito na €24.7m. An ba shi rigar lamba 27. <ref name="Pastore signs for Roma">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2018 |title=Javier Pastore signs for AS Roma |url=http://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/6/javier-pastore-signs-for-as-roma |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710030120/http://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/6/javier-pastore-signs-for-as-roma |archive-date=10 July 2018 |access-date=26 June 2018 |website=asroma.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyarsa wasa a wasan da suka doke Torino da ci 1-0 a gasar Serie A a ranar 19 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2018 |title=Torino 0-1 Roma: Match report, reaction and key statistics |url=https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/8/torino-0-1-roma-match-report-reaction-and-key-statistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020020153/https://www.asroma.com/en/news/2018/8/torino-0-1-roma-match-report-reaction-and-key-statistics |archive-date=20 October 2018 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=asroma.com}}</ref> Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga Agusta, inda ya fara zura ƙwallo da ƙwallon da aka ci a minti na biyu na wasan a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 a gida da Atalanta a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2018 |title=Kostas Manolas goal completes comeback in Roma draw against Atalanta |url=http://kwese.espn.com/football/report?gameId=522799 |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2021, ya soke kwangilarsa da Roma. === Elche === A ranar 4 ga Satumba 2021, Pastore ya sanya hannu a kulob din [[La Liga]] na Elche kan kwantiragin shekara guda. A watan Janairun 2023, Pastore ya sanar da cewa an soke kwangilarsa ta Elche bisa amincewar juna kuma zai bar ƙungiyar. === Qatar SC === A ranar 11 ga Janairun 2023, ƙungiyar Qatar Stars League ta Qatar SC ta sanar da siyan Pastore mai zaman kansa. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2024, Pastore ya sanar da cewa zai yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa kafin watan Yuni 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=Javier Pastore tomó la decisión de dejar el fútbol |url=https://studiofutbol.com.ec/2024/11/02/javier-pastore-tomo-la-decision-de-dejar-el-futbol/ |access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2025, a wata hira da ya yi da manema labarai, Pastore ya ce ya yi ritaya kuma yana shirin zama daraktan wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2025 |title=« Il faut redonner goût au football » : avec l'ambition de devenir directeur sportif, Javier Pastore partage sa vision |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Article/-il-faut-redonner-gout-au-football-avec-l-ambition-de-devenir-directeur-sportif-javier-pastore-partage-sa-vision/1591811 |access-date=10 September 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2025 |title=Anciens – Javier Pastore suit une formation pour devenir directeur sportif |url=https://canal-supporters.com/anciens-javier-pastore-suit-une-formation-pour-devenir-directeur-sportif/ |access-date=10 September 2025}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2010, Maradona ya saka Pastore a cikin tawagar Argentina mai 'yan wasa 23 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Fussball-Weltmeisterschaft Russland 2018 |url=http://de.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1255268/index.html#wm%20debut%20pastore%20ki%20beeindruckend |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715172946/http://de.fifa.com/worldcup/awards/bestyoungplayer/news/newsid=1255268/index.html#wm%20debut%20pastore%20ki%20beeindruckend |archive-date=15 July 2010 |language=de}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 22 ga Yuni ta hanyar zuwa filin wasa a minti na 77 da wasa da Girka, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero, wanda ya kare da nasara 2-0. A wasan da suka yi da Mexico a ranar 27 ga Yuni, Pastore ya maye gurbin Maxi Rodríguez a minti na 87. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2010 |title=Argentina vs. Mexico {{!}} Football Match Report |url=http://espnfc.com/report?gameId=264110 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Kocin Argentina Sergio Batista ya saka Pastore a cikin tawagar Argentina mai 'yan wasa 23 da za su fafata a gasar Copa America ta 2011 a gida. Argentina ta sha kashi a hannun zakarun Uruguay a bugun fenariti a wasan kusa da na karshe. A ranar 31 ga Maris 2015, Pastore ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a babban wasan kasa da kasa a wasan sada zumunta da Ecuador a filin wasa na MetLife, New Jersey. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, koci Gerardo Martino ya zabi Pastore a gasar Copa America ta 2015, kuma ya fara wasan farko da kungiyar ta yi da Paraguay a La Serena . A matakin kusa da na karshe, Pastore ya zura kwallo ta biyu a kungiyar sannan ya taimaka wa Ángel Di María a karo na uku yayin da Argentina ta doke Paraguay da ci 6-1 har ta kai ga wasan karshe na gasar . A wasan karshe da Chile mai masaukin baki a ranar 4 ga Yuli, Pastore ya buga wa Éver Banega kwallo a minti na 81; bayan an tashi kunnen doki 0-0 bayan karin lokaci, Chile ta lashe gasar da nasarar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2015 |title=Chile 0 Argentina 0 (4–1 on pens) |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/33085977 |access-date=14 July 2015 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an saka Pastore a cikin tawagar Argentina mai 'yan wasa 23 da za su fafata a gasar Copa América Centenario . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Los 23 para la Copa América |url=http://www.afa.com.ar/4364/los-23-para-la-copa-america |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510033910/http://www.afa.com.ar/4364/los-23-para-la-copa-america |archive-date=10 May 2019 |access-date=23 September 2018 |website=[[Argentina Football Association]] |language=es}}</ref> Argentina ta kai wasan karshe, amma sai ta sha kashi a hannun Chile a bugun fenariti. == Salon wasan == Pastore, ƙwararren ɗan wasa ne, mai hazaka kuma mai hazaka a fannin fasaha, kuma yana da ƙwarewar ƙwallo da kuma iya sarrafa kansa sosai, yana iya buga wasa a wurare da dama na kai hari, saboda iyawarsa ta cin kwallaye da kuma ƙirƙirar kwallaye . Duk da cewa galibi ana sanya shi a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]] saboda hangen nesansa, wucewa da kuma iya buga ƙwallo daga nesa, yana kuma iya yin aiki a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]], mai tallafawa ko ma a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ana sanya shi a matsayin ɗan wasan [[Mai buga tsakiya|tsakiya]] mai ja da baya a wasu lokutan, yana aiki a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya]], a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai zurfi]], ko ma a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]], saboda yawan aikinsa, kerawa, fasaha, da kuma ƙarfinsa, duk da rashin saurinsa. <ref name="Pastore signs for Roma"/> <ref name="Next Generation: Pastore Eleganza e fantasia a Palermo">{{Cite web |last=Stefano Cantalupi |last2=Valerio Clari |date=22 September 2009 |title=Next Generation: Pastore Eleganza e fantasia a Palermo |trans-title=Next Generation: Pastore Elegance and creativity at Palermo |url=http://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/22-09-2009/next-generation-pastore-501370852132.shtml |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Luca Calamai |date=7 June 2010 |title="Dai, Zamparini prendi Amauri" |trans-title=Come on, Zamparini get Amauri |url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2010/giugno/07/Dai_Zamparini_prendi_Amauri__ga_10_100607050.shtml?refresh_ce-cp |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> <ref name="corrieredellosport.it">{{Cite web |last=Stefano Chioffi |date=13 May 2009 |title=Pastore, futuro in Europa per il talento argentino |trans-title=Pastore, a future in Europe for the Argentine talent |url=http://www.corrieredellosport.it/calcio/2009/05/13-68024/Pastore,+futuro+in+Europa+per+il+talento+argentino |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514032452/http://www.corrieredellosport.it/calcio/2009/05/13-68024/Pastore,+futuro+in+Europa+per+il+talento+argentino |archive-date=14 May 2016 |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=Il Corriere dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=James Horncastle |date=22 October 2012 |title=Javier Pastore under pressure to justify his worth at PSG |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/blog/name/93/post/1840026/headline |access-date=30 September 2018 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Johnson |date=10 October 2015 |title=What Is PSG's Strongest Midfield Right Now? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2577775-what-is-psgs-strongest-midfield-right-now |access-date=30 September 2018 |publisher=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2018 |title=Javier Pastore's best moments in Ligue 1 |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en/ligue-1/video/javier-pastores-best-moments-in-ligue-1/894688 |access-date=27 April 2019 |publisher=beinsports.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2019 |title=Foot - ITA - Serie A : l'AS Rome s'impose facilement contre Cagliari, Javier Pastore buteur |url=https://fr.sports.yahoo.com/news/foot-ita-serie-l-apos-175900209.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829013406/https://fr.sports.yahoo.com/news/foot-ita-serie-l-apos-175900209.html |archive-date=29 August 2022 |access-date=27 April 2019 |publisher=[[L'Équipe|L'Equipe.fr]] |language=fr |via=Yahoo!}}</ref> Ɗan wasa mai hazaka, ƙarfi, sauri da aiki tuƙuru, <ref name="corrieredellosport.it" /> salon wasansa ya jawo kwatancen Kaká, [[Zinedine Yazid Zidane|Zinedine Zidane]], [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]] da kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ya fi so a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Enzo Francescoli, kodayake Pastore ya bayyana cewa babban tasirinsa shine ɗan ƙasarsa Juan Román Riquelme . <ref name="Next Generation: Pastore Eleganza e fantasia a Palermo" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2010 |title=Pastore "is new Zidane", claims Palermo chief |url=http://www.espnfc.us/story/826449/javier-pastore-is-new-zidane-claims-palermo-chief |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2014 |title=Pastore : "Riquelme, mon idole" |trans-title=Pastore: "Riquelme, my idol" |url=http://www.beinsports.fr/news/title/pastore--/article/16wwegbvezmze14254bbds7lew |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=Bein Sports |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="Pastore: Messi is the best in the world">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2011 |title=Pastore: Messi is the best in the world |url=https://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/136/605/1/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152956/http://www.fifa.com/world-match-centre/news/newsid/136/605/1/index.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=12 January 2016 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> An yi masa lakabi da " ''El Flaco'' " (kamar Francescoli a gabansa) saboda tsayinsa da siririn jikinsa, an ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai matuƙar kyau a lokacin ƙuruciya, kuma a shekarar 2010, ''Don Balón'' ya sanya shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 100 mafi kyau a duniya waɗanda aka haifa bayan 1988. <ref name="Next Generation: Pastore Eleganza e fantasia a Palermo" /> <ref name="Pastore: Messi is the best in the world" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Don Balón's list of the 100 best young players in the world |url=http://www.thespoiler.co.uk/2010/11/02/don-balons-list-of-the-100-best-young-players-in-the-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023020055/http://www.thespoiler.co.uk/2010/11/02/don-balons-list-of-the-100-best-young-players-in-the-world/ |archive-date=23 October 2013 |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=The Spoiler}}</ref> Duk da baiwar da yake da ita, an san shi da kasancewa mai saurin jin rauni, kuma ya jawo suka a kafofin watsa labarai saboda rashin daidaito. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Matt |date=14 June 2018 |title=PSG Reportedly Keen to Offload Angel Di Maria, Javier Pastore Amid FFP Fears |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2781072-psg-reportedly-keen-to-offload-angel-di-maria-javier-pastore-amid-ffp-fears |access-date=29 June 2020 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Raynor |first=Dominic |date=2 October 2014 |title=Javier Pastor's "genius" is not consistent enough for PSG, says Frank Leboeuf |url=https://www.goal.com/en-au/news/4150/champions-league/2014/10/02/5150520/pastore-genius-too-inconsistent-leboeuf |access-date=29 June 2020 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 9 May 2023}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coppa Italia]], [[Coupe de France]], [[Coupe de la Ligue]] and [[Trophée des Champions]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[Copa Libertadores]], [[Copa Sudamericana]], [[UEFA Champions League]], [[UEFA Europa League]] and [[UEFA Super Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Talleres |2006–07 |Primera B Nacional |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |5 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Huracán |2007–08 |Argentine Primera División |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |2008–09 |Argentine Primera División |30 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |30 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !8 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !31 !8 |- | rowspan="3" |Palermo |2009–10 |Serie A |34 |3 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |37 |3 |- |2010–11 |Serie A |35 |11 |4 |1 |6 |1 |45 |13 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !69 !14 !7 !1 !6 !1 !82 !16 |- | rowspan="8" |[[Paris Saint-Germain]] |2011–12 |[[Ligue 1]] |33 |13 |3 |1 |7 |2 |43 |16 |- |2012–13 |Ligue 1 |34 |4 |4 |2 |10 |3 |48 |9 |- |2013–14 |Ligue 1 |29 |1 |6 |1 |6 |1 |41 |3 |- |2014–15 |Ligue 1 |34 |5 |7 |1 |10 |0 |51 |6 |- |2015–16 |Ligue 1 |16 |2 |4 |1 |6 |0 |26 |3 |- |2016–17 |Ligue 1 |15 |0 |6 |3 |2 |0 |23 |3 |- |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |25 |4 |9 |1 |3 |0 |37 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !186 !29 !39 !10 !44 !6 !269 !45 |- | rowspan="4" |Roma |2018–19 |Serie A |14 |3 |2 |1 |1 |0 |17 |4 |- |2019–20 |Serie A |11 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |15 |0 |- |2020–21 |Serie A |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !3 !2 !1 !5 !0 !37 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Elche |2021–22 |[[La Liga]] |13 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |15 |0 |- |2022–23 |La Liga |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !14 !0 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !16 !0 |- |Qatar SC |2022–23 |Qatar Stars League |7 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |7 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !342 !55 !50 !12 !55 !7 !447 !74 |} {{Notelist}} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta zura da kuma shekarar da ta gabata <ref name="SW">{{Cite web |title=J. Pastore |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/javier-pastore/17757/ |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> <ref name="nft">{{Cite web |title=Javier Pastore |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38155/Javier_Pastore.html |access-date=31 December 2014 |website=National Football Teams}}</ref> ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="8" | Argentina | 2010 | 4 | 0 |- | 2011 | 7 | 0 |- | 2012 | 0 | 0 |- | 2013 | 0 | 0 |- | 2014 | 5 | 0 |- | 2015 | 11 | 2 |- | 2016 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017 | 2 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 29 ! 2 |} : ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun fara nuna adadin kwallayen da Argentina ta ci, ginshiƙin maki yana nuna maki bayan kowace ƙwallo da Pastore ta ci.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallayen da Javier Pastore ya zura a wasannin kasa da kasa <ref name="SW"/> <ref name="nft"/> ! scope="col" | A'a. ! scope="col" | Kwanan wata ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" | Ci ! scope="col" | Sakamako ! scope="col" | Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" | 1 | 31 Maris 2015 | Filin Wasan MetLife, Gabashin Rutherford, Amurka |{{Fb|ECU}} | style="text-align:center" | 2–1 | style="text-align:center" | 2–1 | Aboki |- | style="text-align:center" | 2 | 30 Yuni 2015 | Estadio Municipal de Concepción, [[Concepción (Chile)|Concepción]], Chile |{{Fb|PAR}} | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | style="text-align:center" | 6–1 | Gasar Copa America ta 2015 |} == Daraja == * [[Ligue 1]] : 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2017-18 * Coupe de France : 2016-17, 2017-18 * Coupe de la Ligue : 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 * Trophée des Champions : 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017 '''Argentina''' * Copa América ta zo ta biyu: 2015, 2016 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Matashin Ɗan Wasan Kwallo na Shekara a Serie A : 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2011 |title=La corona dei calciatori A Mourinho l'Oscar 2010 |trans-title=The footballers' crown The 2010 Oscar goes to Mourinho |url=http://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/serie-a/2011/01/24/news/mourinho-11616194/ |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=La Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar UNFP Ligue 1 ta Shekara : 2014–15 <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=6 Parisians in the team of the season |url=http://www.psg.fr/en/News/101001/Breaking-News/71215/6-Parisians-in-the-team-of-the-season |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118124355/https://www.psg.fr/en/News/101001/Breaking-News/71215/6-Parisians-in-the-team-of-the-season |archive-date=18 November 2018 |access-date=10 August 2015 |publisher=PSG}}</ref> * Ɗan wasan UNFP Ligue 1 na Watan : Satumba 2011, Nuwamba 2014, Maris 2015, Afrilu 2015. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Official website * [https://en.psg.fr/teams/first-team/squad/javier-pastore Profile]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} at the Paris Saint-Germain F.C. website * {{FIFA player}} * {{UEFA player}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a6o7qva9dxla1a7spqfmdk8s9vnttwm 0 161684 891866 890401 2026-08-06T05:29:33Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 891866 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:NASA_FIRMS_2025-07-06_Alabuga.png|thumb|Hotunan tauraron ɗan adam na Alabuga SEZ]] Alabuga yanki ne na tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da nau'in samarwa wanda ke nisan kilomita 20 a [[:en:Yelabuzhsky_District|Gundumar Yelabuzhsky]] ta Jamhuriyar [[:en:Tatarstan|Tatarstan]] a cikin yankin masana’antu dake kilomita 10 km daga [[:en:Yelabuga|Yelabuga]], 25 km daga [[:en:Naberezhnye_Chelny|Naberezhnye Chelny]], 40 km daga Nizhnekamsk da 210 km daga cibiyar yankin Kazan. Masu hannun jari na kamfanin gudanarwa na SEZ "Alabuga" sune [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]] ta hanyar JSC "Tattalin Arziki na Musamman" tare da hannun gwamnatin cikin gida 100 bisa 100 (Ma'aikatar ƙasa da Dukiya ta Jamhuriyar Tatarstan). Ya zuwa 2016-2017, masana’antar "Alabuga" ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi nasara yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da samarwa a Rasha, wanda ke da kashi 68% na jimillar kuɗaɗen shiga a (2017) da kashi 42% na tarin haraji daga dukkan SEZs na ƙasar (2016), masana’antar na ba da kashi 54% na saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu a cikin SEZ na Rasha (2016). Cece-kuce ya fara ne  kan masana’anatar saboda iƙirarin cewa an sami yaudara, bautarwa da cutarwa a masana'antun Alabuga inda ake samar da jirage marasa matuka 136 na Shahed don sojojin Rasha. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2025,  Cibiyar yaƙi da laufukan da aka shirya ta fitar da wani rahoto tare da shaidar cewa an ɗauki mata sama da 300 masu shekaru tsakanin 18 zuwa 22 daga sassan duniya, galibi Afirka da Latin Amurka, a ƙarƙashin zargin yaudara da kuma ƙaryar "aiki da karatu," inda daga bisani ka aika su zuwa waɗannan masana'antun ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa a Alabuga Shirin yaudara na "Alabuga" ya ɗauki ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa daga ƙasashe 27 tare da alƙawuran albashi mai kyau, horon aiki, masauki, da samun shaidar zama ‘yan Rasha<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Exploited for Military Drone Production at the Alabuga Special Economic Zone {{!}} ISIS Reports {{!}} Institute For Science And International Security |url=https://isis-online.org/isis-reports/foreign-youth-exploited-for-military-drone-production-at-the-alabuga-specia |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=isis-online.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Alabuga_airview_2017.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Ra'ayi na SEZ "Alabuga", shekara ta 2017]] === Masana’antar kera motoci ta Yelabuga === A cikin shekarun 1980s, gefen dama da kogin [[:en:Kama|Kama]] cibiyar masana'antu mai cike da alamun nasara. A kusa da [[:en:Naberezhnye_Chelny|Naberezhnye Chelny]], an kafa hanyar mota da hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin ƙasa; [[:en:KamAZ|KamAZ]] tana nuna sabbin damar masana'antu; An ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Sufurin kayan Lantarki da Kamfanin Takardu da kuma [[:en:Nizhnekamsk_Hydroelectric_Station|Tashar wutar lantarki ta Nizhnekamsk.]] A shekara ta 1984, Majalisar Ministocin tarayyar Soviet USSR ta yanke shawarar gina kamfanin ƙera motar aikin noma Tanta wato Kamsky Tractor Plant (KamTZ) a yankin Yelabuga, gami da kamfanin samar da Tantan wato tractors ta duniya, dake iya samar da injinina, da sauran kayan aiki, da [[:en:Turbocharger|Turbocharger]], da kayan aikin injin da ke samar da suran injina.{{Sfn|Yakovleva|2013}} === Yankin tattalin arziki kyauta === [[Fayil:Alabuga_Pano_1.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Hoton titin SH-2 daga Gabas]] Domin jawo hankalin masu zuba jari da kuma shawo kan rashin aikin yi a Yelabuga, gwamnatin jamhuriya maida hankali kan wasu dabaru da Rasha tayi amfani da shi a shekarun 1990 na ƙirƙirar yankunan tattalin arziki kyauta waɗanda aka tsara don motsa tattalin arzikin yankin ta hanyar kin karbar haraji da jan hankalin manyan biranen ƙasashen waje. Dokar Jamhuriyar Tatarstan "A kan Yankin Tattalin Arziki" an fara amfani da ita ne a ranar 22 ga Afrilun shekarar 1998, bayan dokar ta sami kuri'u 33 na wakilan [[:en:State_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Tatarstan|Majalisar Jiha ta Jamhuriyar Tatarstan;]] mutum ɗaya mai mukamin mataimaki ya kaɗa ƙuri'ar ƙin amincewa da dokar. An ƙirƙiro ƙa'idojin FEZ tare da Kwamitin Kwastam na Tarayyar Rasha, [[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_(Russia)|Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Tarayyar Russia,]] da [[:en:Property_management|Kwamitin Jiha na Gudanar]] da Dukiya na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan. An dai yafewa mazaunan FEZ biyan haraji, amma banda harajin zamantakewa da [[Haraji|harajin kudin shiga]]. Duk da cewa a cikin shekarar 2001 kamfanin Amurka ya bar hadin gwiwa "ElAZ na General Motors", FEZ ya ci gaba da aikinsa. A shekara ta 2003, kamfanoni 13 sun kasance a cikin FEZ, gami da haɗin gwiwar "Skantat" tare da kamfanin [[:en:Volvo|Volvo,]] wanda ke samar da bas a kan KamAZ chassis; samar da ma'aunin [[:en:Minsk_Tractor_Works|Minski Traktarny Zavod]]; masana'antar sarrafa nama ta "Modul", samar da sinadarai na mota "D Plast-Eftek; mai ƙera kayan aiki na musamman a kan chassis na kaya da  "AutoMaster"; tare da masana'antar kayan aiki na ofis da kayan kasuwanci "ElTons"; da samar da kayan gine-gine "DSK KMK"  da haɗin gwiwar samar da kayan samar da dumi  "Delonghi — ZASS «Alabuga»""K" <ref name="2003.kommersant">{{Cite web |last=Idiattulin |first=Shamil |date=2003-03-24 |title=Век зоны не видать |trans-title=No zone for a century. |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/372667 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=Kommersant |language=ru}}</ref>{{Sfn|Yakovleva|2013}} === Hukunce-hukunce na duniya === Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na Alabuga an sanya shi ta ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na duniya bayan rawar da ya taka wajen samar da jirgi mara matuka don [[Mamayewar Rasha a Ukraine na 2022|Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine]]. Ƙungiyar ta sami izini daga: Amurka ([[:en:Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control|OFAC]]; US [[:en:System_for_Award_Management|SAM sayen warewa]]), Tarayyar Turai ([[:en:European_Union_sanctions|tsarin Tarayyar Tarayyar Tsaro]], Disamba 2023), Ingila ([[:en:Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office|FCDO Sanctions]]), [[Switzerland]] ([[:en:State_Secretariat_for_Economic_Affairs_(Switzerland)|SECO]], Disamba 2024), Ostiraliya ([[:en:Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)|DFAT]] Consolidated List), Faransa, Belgium, [[Monaco]], New Zealand, Ukraine ([[:en:National_Security_and_Defense_Council_of_Ukraine|NSDC]] da [[:en:Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)|GUR]]), [[Japan]] ([[:en:Ministry_of_Finance_(Japan)|MoF]][[:en:Ministry_of_Economy,_Trade_and_Industry|, METI]]), da Taiwan [[:en:Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Taiwan)|(MOEA]] ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint Stock Company Special Economic Zone of Industrial Production Alabuga |url=https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-mP7f6NnzfS8fWMvFYW8Qbg/ |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=OpenSanctions}}</ref> == Wajen ajiye tare da ƙera Shahed-136 == Kasar Rasha ta gina wata ma’ajiya kuma masana’antar ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa na [[:en:Shahed_136|Shahed 136]], a Alabugaa wacce tayi shirin samar da ma’aikata aƙalla 2,400. Shiri na farko a watan Janairun shekarar 2023  shine a ajiye tare da ƙera ko samar da jirage marasa matuƙa100 a wata (a matsayin [[:en:Knock-down_kit|knock-down kit]]). An fara kai jirage marasa  matuƙa da aka ƙera a masana’antar wanda ya haɗa da [[:en:Shahed_131|Shahed 131]] zuwa [[:en:Begishevo_Airport|filin tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Begishevo]]. An dai yi fata da kuma shirin fara ƙera jiragen marasa matuƙa a masana’antar ta Alabuga a watan Afrilun shekarar 2023, tare da fara fitar da jirage 226 a wata zuwa watan Janairun 2024. Rasha na buƙatar ta sauya injunan jirage marasa matuƙa da wanda ta ƙera a cikin gida domin [[:en:Mado_(manufacturer)|kwaikwayon na Iran  Mado]] [[:en:Limbach_L550E|Limbach L550E]]. [[:en:Conflict_Armament_Research|Hukumar nazarin makaman yaƙi]] ta tabbatar da cewa ya zuwa watan Yulin shekarar 2023 Rasha ta fara amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa da ta samar.<ref name="wi">{{Cite news |last1=Bennett |first1=Dalton |last2=Ilyushina |first2=Mary |date=17 August 2023 |title=Inside the Russian effort to build 6,000 attack drones with Iran's help |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2023/08/17/russia-iran-drone-shahed-alabuga/ |access-date=17 August 2023 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Afrilun 2024, wani jirgi maras matuƙi ya faɗa kan wani gini a masana’antar. Daga baya dai an bayyana jirgin da cewa shine [[:en:Aeroprakt_A-22_Foxbat|Aeroprakt A-22 Foxbat]], wanda daga baya aka samar da irinsa wanda zai iya kai hari.<ref name="Newdick">{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2024-04-02 |title=Russia's Shahed-136 Factory Attacked By Light Plane Converted Into A Drone |url=https://www.twz.com/news-features/russias-shahed-136-factory-attacked-by-light-plane-converted-into-a-drone |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref> == Ce-ce-ku-ce da kuma shirin Alabuga == Shirin Alabuga dai wani shirin ɗaukar aiki ne da ƙasar Rasha take gudanarwa a yankin tattalin arziki na Alabuga dake Jamhoriyar Tatarstan. An fara wannan shiri ne a shekarar 2022 domin ɗaukar ‘yan mata tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 22 daga ƙasashe masu tasowa a Afrika, kudancin Asiya, da kuma yankin Latin Amurka. An dai yaɗa tare da tallata shirin da cewa yana bada damar aiki da karatu tare da koyar da su sana’o’in hannu da kuma yiwuwar samun aiki a otel, guraren cin abinci da ma wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alabuga Start |url=https://startworld.alabuga.ru/ |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Alabuga Special Economic Zone}}</ref> Hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa sun nuna damuwa kan shirin tare da zargin cin zarafin ma’aikata da kuma bautar dasu da safarar mutane.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Russia: Women from Africa recruited via Alabuga Start programme on social media to work in weapons factories, including company responses/non-responses |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/russia-women-from-africa-recruited-via-alabuga-start-programme-on-social-media-to-work-in-weapons-factories-incl-cos-responses-non-responses/ |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre}}</ref> === Zargin take haƙƙi da yadda aka dinga ɗaukar ma’akata === Binciken da manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya sukayi da kuma bayanan da hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa suka fitar ya yi zargin cewa an ɗauki ma’aikatan ne ta hanyar yaudara  tare da tura su kamfanin ƙera jirage marasa matuƙa na Shahed 136 waɗanda Rasha ke amfani da su a  mamayar da take yi a ƙasar Ukraine.<ref name=":0" /> Wasu waɗanda suka taba yin aiki a masana’antar  a Alabuga sunyi zargin cewa an ƙyale su cikin yanayi mai hatsari da kuma barazana ga lafiyar su misali, riƙe sinadarai da ka iya haddasa matsala ga fata ba tare da safar hannun ko ababen kariya ba.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Russia recruits African women to build attack drones |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrzdpre058o |access-date=7 September 2025 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Waɗanda suka taɓa aiki a masana’antar sun ce albashin da ake basu bai taka kara ya karya ba, musamman bayan an cire kuɗin matsuguni,  kuɗin sufuri, haraji da kuma kuɗaɗen da ake cirewa idan mutum yayi laifi.<ref name=":1" /> Wasu ma da suka taɓa aiki a kamfanin na Alabuga sun ƙara da yin zargin cewa sai da aka tursasa suka sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar cewa ba zasu fitar da wani bayani ba ko su tattauna irin aikin da suke da ‘yan uwansu ba, sannan shugabannin shirin sun ƙwace Fasfo ɗin su bayan da jirage maras matuƙa na Ukraine suka kai hari kan kamfanin na Alabuga a watan Afrilun shekarar 2024.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ofishin kula da haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya OHCHR ya ce idan har an tabbatar da zargin yaudara da ƙin bin doka wajen ɗaukar ma’aikata wanda ya kai ga zaluntar su, wannan na nuna cewa shirin ya cika sharuɗɗan dokar ƙasa da ƙasa na cewa hakan laifin safarar mutane ne.<ref name=":2">{{cite news |date=10 October 2024 |title=Africans recruited to work in Russia say they were duped into building drones for use in Ukraine |url=https://apnews.com/article/11602ab837f0ff4635926d884b422185 |access-date=24 July 2026 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> === Martanin Alabuga da jami’an Rasha === Yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na Alabuga ya musanta zarge-zargen yaudara da kuma bautar da ma’aikata. [Abinda Alabuga suka ce] Masana’antar tace dukkan ayyukan da sukeyi an bayyana a cikin takardar neman ma’aikata, kuma an baiwa dukkan ma’aikata kayan kariya yayin aiki. Sannan masana’antar ta Alabuga tace albashin da ake biyan ma’aikaci ya danganta da yanayin ƙwazo ko aikin sa kamar yadda yake a dokar guraren ayyuka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Jakadan Rasha a Najeriya Andrey Podelyshev yace ofishin jakadancin bai sami wani ƙorafi daga ‘yan Najeriya da sukai aiki a masana’antar ta Alabuga ba. Ya kuma musanta zargin cewa  an ɗauki ma’aikata daga kasashen wajen wajen ƙera kayan yaƙi, ya ƙara da cawa dokokin Rasha sun haramta wanda ba ɗan ƙasa ba yayi aiki a masana’antun samar da kayan yaƙi.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |title=Nigeria education ministry's website hacked to endorse controversial Russian programme – Official |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/823338-nigeria-education-ministrys-website-hacked-to-endorse-controversial-russian-programme-official.html |access-date=7 September 2025 |work=Premium Times}}</ref> === Hannun gwamnatin Najeriya da kuma abinda tace daga baya === A lokacin da tallan ɗaukar aikin na Alabuga ya fara a shekarun 2022 da 2023 an ga tallan a shafin ma’aikatar ilimi ta Najeriya inda ta bayyana shi a matsayin tallafin karatu da kuma horon sana’ar hannu.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Scholarship Offer from the Special Economic Zone "Alabuga" Republic of Tatarstan |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RUSSIA-2022-SPECIAL-ECONOMIC-ZONE.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date=3 April 2025 |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Federal Ministry of Education |publisher=Federal Scholarship Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2023 |title=2023 Vocational Training Project for Foreign Citizens "Alabuga Start" |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2023-VOCATIONAL-TRAINING-PROJECT-FOR-FOREIGN-CITIZENS-ALABUGA-START.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date=30 May 2025 |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Federal Ministry of Education |publisher=Federal Scholarship Board}}</ref> A shekarar  2025 wani jami’in ma’aikatar ilimi ta Najeriya yace wallafar da akayi a shafin ma’aikatar bai sami sahalewa ba kuma a lokacin masu kutse ne suka karɓi shafin. Daraktar hukumar bada tallafi ta ƙasa Ndajiwo Asta ta ce tallan neman aikin na shirin Alabugan na zamba ne kuma baya cikin yarjejeniya ilimi tsakanin Najeriya da Rasha.<ref name=":3" /> == Kamfanin dake gudanar da kuɗaɗe == === Kamfanin dake gudanarwa === Kamfanin gudanarwa da yankin tattalin arziki na musamman shine JSC "SEZ IPT", wanda masu hannun jari su ne Tarayyar Rasha ta hanyar mallakar JSC "Zones na Tattalin Arziki na Musamman" (66%) da Ma'aikatar kasa da hulɗar kayayyaki na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan (34%). <ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-26 |title=Татарстан компенсирует затраты администраторов особых экономических зон. Цена вопроса&nbsp;— четверть миллиарда рублей |trans-title=Tatarstan will compensate the administrators costs at the special economic zone. The price is a quarter of billion rubles |url=https://kazanfirst.ru/article/327381 |access-date=2017-09-01 |publisher=Kazanfirst |language=ru}}{{Cite news |date=2016-08-26 |title=Татарстан компенсирует затраты администраторов особых экономических зон. Цена вопроса&nbsp;— четверть миллиарда рублей |trans-title=Tatarstan will compensate the administrators costs at the special economic zone. The price is a quarter of billion rubles |url=https://kazanfirst.ru/article/327381 |access-date=2017-09-01 |publisher=Kazanfirst |language=ru}}</ref> A cewar rahotanni na JSC "SEZ IPT Álabuga" na 2014, akwai aƙalla ma'aikata 590 da suke aiki a kamfanin gudanarwa na yankin tattalin arziki na musamman.{{Sfn|Annual report of 2014}} === Yanantin samun kuɗaɗe === Kamfanin "Alabuga" shine mafi girma kuma mafi nasara yankin tattalin arziki na musamman na masana'antu da samarwa a Rasha: yana da asusun 68% na jimillar kuɗaɗen shiga na duk SEZs a cikin ƙasar (kamar na 2017), saka hannun jari ‘yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu a "Alabuga " ya zama 54% na duk kuɗaɗen da aka saka a cikin SEZ a Rasha (kamar na 2016).<ref name="2017.ria">{{Cite web |date=2017-05-15 |title=Экспертный совет ОЭЗ "Алабуга" одобрил проекты на 650 миллионов рублей |trans-title=The SEZ "Alabuga" Expert Council approved projects worth 650 million rubles |url=https://ria.ru/economy/20170515/1494324727.html |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RIA Novosti |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="history.fdi">{{Cite journal |last=Kaczmarski |first=Michal |last2=Bill |first2=Helena |year=2014 |title=Building on firm foundations |url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Special-Reports/2014/SEZ-Alabuga2 |journal=FDi Intelligence |issue=October/November |pages=71–73 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017 Alabuga ya sanya hannu kan kwangila don saka hannun jari na jimlar dala biliyan 4.5 na Amurka, wanda aka yi amfani da biliya 3.1. Manyan masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje sun fito ne daga kasar [[Holand|Netherlands]] da [[Turkiyya]].<ref name="2017.ria" /> Gabaɗaya, kamfanonin sun samar da ayyuka sama da dubu 5.6 a "Alabuga".<ref name="2017.ria" /> A cikin 2016 "Alabuga" ya kai kashi 42% na haraji (ba tare da VAT ba) na duk yankuna na musamman na tattalin arziki na Rasha. Daga farkonta zuwa 2016, mazaunanta sun biya rubles biliyan 9.7 na haraji (ciki har da rubles biliya 2.6, ko dala miliyan 42.42, a cikin 2015). Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov ya kiyasta kudaden shiga na haraji don rufe rubles biliyan 25.7 na saka hannun jari na jihar a cikin ababen more rayuwa na "Alabuga" nan da shekarar 2019. Dangane da shirin, nan da shekara ta 2023 yawan mazauna za su kai 120, yawan kudaden haraji na shekara-shekara - rubles biliyan 32 a shekara (Dola miliyan 476 na Amurka a matsakaicin musayar shekara-sheko na ruble zuwa dala a cikin 2016). <ref name="2017.ria"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Аюпов |first=Ильдар |date=2016-07-11 |title=ОЭЗ «Алабуга» окупит госвложения в инфраструктуру в 2019 году |trans-title=SEZ "Alabuga" will recoup the state investment into its infrastructure in 2019 |url=http://rt.rbc.ru/tatarstan/11/07/2016/57839c1f9a7947fa47e7cfc4 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RBC |language=ru}}</ref>&nbsp; == Mazauna == Hanyar samun gurin gina kamfani ko  matsayin mazauni a bayyane yake a doka: duk wani kamfani dole ne ya yi rajista da hukuma a yankin Yelabuga kuma ya gabatar da shirin kasuwanci tare da saka hannun jari da bai kai ƙasa da rubles miliyan 120. [[:en:Supervisory_board|Kwamitin kula]] da Alabuga ne ke lura da aikace-aikacen. Matsakaicin lokacin samun matsayin mazauni ya kai watanni uku.<ref name="alabuga-rbc">{{Cite web |last=Abdullina |first=Polina |last2=Smirnov |first2=Marina |last3=Belova |first3=Irina |last4=Safronov |first4=Roman A. |last5=Volkov |first5=Ivan |title=ОЭЗ от древности до наших дней |trans-title=SEZ from antiquity to our days |url=http://alabuga.rbc.ru/article/alabuga-about/ |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=RBC |language=ru |archive-date=2017-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025063413/http://alabuga.rbc.ru/article/alabuga-about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa Oktoban shekarar 2017, an yi rajistar kamfanoni 57 a matsayin mazauna, aƙalla masana’antu 23 suka fara aiki, wasu ana cikin gini ko tsarawa a Alabuga.<ref name="fDi2017">{{Cite web |date=2014-10-09 |title="Алабуга" в третий раз подряд признана лучшей ОЭЗ в Европе |trans-title="Alabuga" has become the best SEZ in Europe for the third time |url=https://www.business-gazeta.ru/news/360151 |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Business Online |language=ru}}</ref> === Tsarin haraji === Ana biya ko karɓar haraji  ga mazaunan Alabuga bisa ga dokokin Rasha na yankunan tattalin arziki na musamman. Kamfanonin dake Alabuga zabi hanyoyin da suka fi so da fa'idodi na biyan haraji, waɗanda dokokin tarayya da dokokin Tatarstan suka bayyana'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Налоговые льготы, действующие на территориях ОЭЗ |trans-title=Tax advantages acting on the SEZ territories |url=http://economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/3ba8d28044e5e4b3be42ffaf753c8a7e/Налоговые+льготы+-+новое.doc?MOD=AJPERES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709091220/http://economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/connect/3ba8d28044e5e4b3be42ffaf753c8a7e/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B+-+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5.doc?MOD=AJPERES |archive-date=2017-07-09 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=SEZ "Alabuga" |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="nalog-iz">{{Cite web |title=ОЭЗ Алабуга |trans-title=SEZ "Alabuga" |url=http://nalog-iz.ru/oez-alabuga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220210/http://nalog-iz.ru/oez-alabuga |archive-date=2017-09-14 |access-date=2017-10-26 |publisher=Publishing House "Tax news" |language=ru}}</ref> oma5pus85yysgqrjfdvuw3iyfb0jq1m 0 161759 891847 884552 2026-08-06T04:34:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jimoh Akanni Abdulraman''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1957) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma tsohon mamba na [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kwara]] ta takwas, inda ya wakilci mazabar Share/Oke-Ode. A lokacin da yake mamba a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kwara]], ya kasance shugaban kwamitin ilimi da bunƙasa albarkatun ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Jimoh Akanni Abdulraman |url=https://hoa.kw.gov.ng/hon-jimoh-akanni-abdulraman/ |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Kwara State House of Assembly |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Shehu |first=Sikirat |date=2019-04-10 |title=Kwara Assembly moves to probe Ahmed over alleged mismanagement of infrastructure fund |url=https://businessday.ng/uncategorized/article/kwara-assembly-moves-to-probe-ahmed-over-alleged-mismanagement-of-infrastructure-fund/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-08 |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwara State House of Assembly |url=https://www.kwha.gov.ng/kwha/Pages/_ReleaseoffundForAccreditationOfCourses |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=[www.kwha.gov.ng](http://www.kwha.gov.ng) |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119062530/https://www.kwha.gov.ng/kwha/Pages/_ReleaseoffundForAccreditationOfCourses |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Jimoh Akanni Abdulrahman Archives |url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/hon-jimoh-akanni-abdulrahman/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== brib40kk99c6elh5ayc5jkzpt6kr8yf 0 161818 891710 884630 2026-08-05T14:02:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''IMC Content Studio''' tsarin rubuce-rubuce ne na ilimi, musamman samar da abubuwan da ke cikin fannoni na ilmantarwa ta yanar gizo kamar MOOCs . Kamfanin IMC AG, wani kamfanin [[Jamus]] da ke Saarbrücken ne ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya rarraba shirin. Malaman kwaleji da jami'o'i suna amfani da [[Software|manhajar]] a fannin ilimin manya da ci gaba da ilimi, musamman a cibiyoyin horar da sana'o'i kamar [[Jami'ar kamfanoni|Jami'o'in Kamfanoni]] . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Margaret Snell |date=2 August 2013 |title=IMC Content Studio focuses on ease-of-use |url=http://www.elearningage.co.uk/newsDetail/13-08-02/imc_content_studio_focuses_on_ease-of-use.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212195725/http://www.elearningage.co.uk/newsDetail/13-08-02/imc_content_studio_focuses_on_ease-of-use.aspx |archive-date=12 February 2015 |access-date=2014-12-12 |website=E.learning Age |language=en}}</ref> == Interface da aiki == Kamar yadda yake a tsarin marubuta, masu amfani ba ƙwararru ba ne a fannin software. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birgin, Doris |date=February 11, 2011 |title=Was denkbar ist, ist auch machbar! |url=http://www.checkpoint-elearning.de/article/9051.html |access-date=2014-12-12 |website=Checkpoint E-Learning |archive-date=2015-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212202418/http://www.checkpoint-elearning.de/article/9051.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda haka, an tsara shirye-shiryen rubuta software don su kasance masu fahimta da sauƙin fahimta. <ref name="auto" /> Haɗin IMC Content Studio yana kama da ƙirar samfuran [[Microsoft]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Author unknown |date=April 2014 |title=Corporate Learning News |url=http://www.checkpoint-elearning.com/article/13393.html |access-date=December 12, 2014 |website=Checkpoint E-Learning |language=English }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Misali ɗaya shine ribbon, wanda ake amfani da shi a Microsoft Office tun 2007 da Windows 8. Shirin yana ba da damar shigo da samfuran Microsoft PowerPoint da slides. Baya ga samar da abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su don koyon e-learning, ana iya amfani da manhajar don tsara littattafan zane-zane, littattafai masu hulɗa da gabatarwa. Baya ga abubuwan gani, shirin yana ba da zaɓi na samar da abubuwan sauti ta hanyar [[Speech synthesis|haɗa magana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Author unknown |date=April 2014 |title=Von Alpla bis Zeiss |url=http://www.checkpoint-elearning.de/article/13301.html |access-date=14 December 2014 |website=Checkpoint E-Learning |archive-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212201837/http://www.checkpoint-elearning.de/article/13301.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Software == Manhajar ta dogara ne akan HTML 5, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Williams |date=1 September 2013 |title=IMC Makes Mobile Easy |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3092982881.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329175018/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-3092982881.html |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=4 December 2014 |website=E.learning Age |language=en}}</ref> wanda ke ba ta damar aiki akan kwamfutocin mutum da kuma akan kwamfutocin hannu da wayoyin komai da ruwanka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dahrendorf, Daniel |display-authors=etal |title=Design, Implementierung und Anwendungsfälle... |url=http://www2.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~mschmidt/docs/delfi14.pdf |access-date=4 December 2014 |website=Design, Implementierung und Anwendungsfälle einer Corporate MOOC Software Suite |publisher=Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn, DeLFI Lecture Note der 12. E-Learning Fachtagung 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolf Felser |date=1 July 2013 |title=IMC präsentiert Content Studio |url=http://www.computerwelt.at/news/karriere/aus-weiterbildung/detail/artikel/97100-imc-praesentiert-content-studio/ |access-date=4 December 2014 |website=Computerwelt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Author unknown |date=13 July 2013 |title=IMC launches authoring software for eLearning courses |url=http://www.etrainingpedia.com/imc-launches-authoring-software-for-elearning-courses/ |access-date=14 January 2015 |website=eTrainingPedia |archive-date=12 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212195709/http://www.etrainingpedia.com/imc-launches-authoring-software-for-elearning-courses/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirin ya yi daidai da ƙa'idar SCORM da hukumar Pentagon ADL ta tsara don koyon e-learning, da kuma sabbin ƙa'idojin PENS na Kwamitin AICC, waɗanda masana'antar jiragen sama ta Turai da Amurka suka haɗa kai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Author unknown |date=19 December 2014 |title=Unternehmensmitteilung der IMC AG zum Innovation Pack 4 |url=http://www.im-c.de/aktuelles/imc/presse/pressemitteilungen/single/article/lernen-mit-kontinuitaet-open-social-und-convenient-auch-in-komplexen-unternehmenswelten/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228082032/http://www.im-c.de/aktuelles/imc/presse/pressemitteilungen/single/article/lernen-mit-kontinuitaet-open-social-und-convenient-auch-in-komplexen-unternehmenswelten/ |archive-date=2014-12-28 |access-date=2015-01-06}}</ref> Ana samun hanyar haɗin software a cikin harsuna sama da 30. Yanayin amfani ya bambanta daga horo na asali, sau da yawa tare da gwaje-gwajen zaɓi da yawa, har zuwa hadaddun MOOCs a Jami'o'in Kamfanoni. == Nassoshi == dd4yll5ofix3scjhxdplc8zll5yn7u9 0 162068 891784 885889 2026-08-05T21:49:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jamie Ryan Jellis''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a Rotherham United . == Sana'a == === Farkon aiki da Stevenage === Jellis ya fara aikinsa da Aylesbury United, inda ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko yana da shekaru 16, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi 1-3 a Bedford Town . Ya buga wasanni 10 a Aylesbury kafin cikarsa shekaru 17, kuma bayan ɗan lokaci da ya yi tare da Tring Corinthians, ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar League Two [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] a watan Nuwamba na 2017. <ref name="SFL21a">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2021 |title="Jellis Re-Signs and New Defender Joins Aylesbury" |url=https://southern-football-league.co.uk/news/128725/Jellis-Re-Signs-and-New-Defender-Joins-Aylesbury |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=Southern Football League}}</ref> <ref name="AUA">{{Cite web |title=Jamie Jellis |url=https://www.aylesburyunitedarchive.com/player/jamie-jellis/26479 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=aylesburyunitedarchive.com}}</ref> Bayan raunuka da dama, ciki har da karyewar ƙafa, Jellis ya yi nasarar yin wasannin aro sau biyu a farkon kakar wasa ta 2019-20, a tsohuwar ƙungiyar Aylesbury da Hitchin Town . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2019 |title=Welcome Jamie and Josh |url=https://hitchintownfc.club/welcome-jamie-and-josh/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=hitchintownfc.club}}</ref> <ref name="SFCpro">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2020 |title=Jamie Jellis Signs Pro Deal |url=https://www.stevenagefc.com/news/2020/january/jamie-jellis-signs-professional-contract-deal-monday-13-january-2020-sky-bet-league-two-efl/ |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=www.stevenagefc.com}}</ref> Bayan ya koma Stevenage, ya zama ƙwararre a watan Janairun 2020. <ref name="SFCpro" /> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kwangila da Stevenage, Jellis ya yi wata ɗaya a matsayin aro a Wingate &amp;amp; Finchley . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Jamie Jellis leaves on loan |url=https://www.stevenagefc.com/news/2020/january/jamie-jellis-loan-wingate--finchley-sky-bet-league-two-efl-isthmian-league-transfer-friday-24th-january-2020/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=www.stevenagefc.com}}</ref> <ref name="W&F">{{Cite web |title=Wingate & Finchley &#124; Appearances &#124; Jamie Jellis &#124; 2019–2020 |url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/wingate-and-finchley/appearances/2019-2020/jamie-jellis/852260 |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=www.footballwebpages.co.uk}}</ref> Stevenage ya sallame shi a 2020. <ref name="SFL21a" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ba ta lig ba === Bayan ya bar Stevenage ya koma Aylesbury don yin wa'adi na uku, kafin ya koma Kings Langley a watan Oktoban 2021. <ref name="SFL21b">{{Cite web |date=19 October 2021 |title=Jellis Boost for Kings Langley |url=https://southern-football-league.co.uk/news/129640/Jellis-Boost-for-Kings-Langley |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=Southern Football League}}</ref> Ya yi ɗan gajeren wasa a Hemel Hempstead Town a watan Fabrairun 2022, kafin Jellis ya koma Kings Langley a farkon kakar wasa ta 2022-23. <ref name="AUA"/> Daga baya a shekarar 2022, Jellis ya koma Tamworth a matsayin aro na tsawon wata guda, kafin ya sake komawa a matsayin aro a watan Fabrairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2023 |title=Jamie Jellis back at the Lamb on Loan |url=https://www.tamworthfc.co.uk/tfc-news/20230203-jamie-jellis-back-at-the-lamb-on-loan |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=www.tamworthfc.co.uk |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114062338/https://www.tamworthfc.co.uk/tfc-news/20230203-jamie-jellis-back-at-the-lamb-on-loan |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya koma Tamworth har abada a lokacin bazara na 2023. Jellis yana cikin ƙungiyar ''Lambs'' da ta lashe kofunan lig-lig a jere ta hanyar tabbatar da lashe kofin Southern League Premier Division Central a shekarar 2023 <ref name="SLP2223">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=Tamworth Take The Title |url=https://southern-football-league.co.uk/news/133799/Tamworth-Take-The-Title |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=southern-football-league.co.uk}}</ref> da kuma kofin National League North a shekarar 2024. === Walsall === Jellis ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Walsall a watan Janairun 2024. Bayan ya ji rauni a lokacin da yake wasa da Tamworth, a watan Afrilun 2024, an ce yana kusa da fara wasa a ƙungiyar farko, kuma ya fara buga wasa a ranar 13 ga Afrilun 2024, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Notts County da ci 1-3 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2024 |title=Match Report: Walsall 1–3 Notts County |url=https://www.saddlers.co.uk/news/2024/april/match-report-walsall-1-3-notts-county/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=www.saddlers.co.uk}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan cin kofin EFL da Exeter City a minti na 90, wanda hakan ya bai wa Walsall damar cin nasara a bugun fenariti. Ya lashe Gasar League Two Goal ta watan Oktoban 2024 da ƙwallon raga da Grimsby Town a ranar 19 ga Oktoba a wasan da Walsall ta ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024 |title=Sky Bet Goal of the Month: October winners |url=https://www.efl.com/news/2024/november/15/sky-bet-goal-of-the-month--october-winners/ |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=www.efl.com}}</ref> Walsall ya sake shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2025–26. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2026 |title=Aiden Flint: Walsall release 12 players including centre-back following the end of the League Two season |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c5ye07g75pxo |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === Rotherham United === A watan Yulin 2026 ya sanya hannu a Rotherham United . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2026 |title=Ossama Ashley & Jamie Jellis: Rotherham United sign midfielders |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/c982zy1erpno |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 2 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Aylesbury United |2017–18<ref name="AUA"/> |Southern League<nowiki><br id="mwuQ"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Division One East |4 |2 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[Berks & Bucks Senior Cup]]}} |0 |10 |2 |- |Tring Corinthians |2017–18<ref name="AUA" /> |South Midlands League<nowiki><br id="mw0Q"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Division Two |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |[[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] |2017–18 |League Two |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2018–19 |League Two |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2019–20 |League Two |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |Aylesbury United (loan) |2019–20<ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<nowiki><br id="mwARs"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Division One South |6 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|One appearance and goal in [[Berks & Bucks Senior Cup]] and one appearance in [[FA Trophy]]}} |1 |8 |1 |- |Hitchin Town (loan) |2019–20<ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<nowiki><br id="mwATM"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Premier Central |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |Wingate &amp;amp; Finchley (loan) |2019–20<ref name="W&F"/> |Isthmian League Premier |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|One appearance in [[Middlesex Senior Cup]] and one appearance in [[London Senior Cup]]}} |0 |7 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Aylesbury United |2020–21<ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<nowiki><br id="mwAV0"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Premier South |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1[a] |0 |2 |0 |- |2021–22<ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<br /><br />Premier South |6 |1 |5 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !17 !3 !10 !6 !1 !0 !4 !1 !32 !10 |- |Kings Langley |2021–22<ref name="KL2122">{{Cite web |title=Kings Langley FC First Team Statistics |url=https://www.kingslangleyfc.co.uk/teams/210710/statistics?season=77739 |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=kingslangleyfc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<br /><br />Premier South |27 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|One appearance in [[Hertfordshire Senior Cup]] and one appearance in [[FA Trophy]]}} |0 |29 |5 |- |Hemel Hempstead Town |2021–22<ref name="AUA" /> |National League South |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- |Kings Langley |2022–23<ref name="AUA" /> |Southern League<br /><br />Premier South |12 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Hertfordshire Senior Cup]]}} |1 |15 |2 |- |Tamworth (loan) |2022–23<ref name="TFC2223">{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=1st Team Squad 2022-23 Playing Stats |url=https://www.tamworthfc.co.uk/mens/1st-team-squad-202223-playing-stats |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=tamworthfc.co.uk |archive-date=16 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116144515/https://www.tamworthfc.co.uk/mens/1st-team-squad-202223-playing-stats |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Southern League<br /><br />Premier Central |17 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|One appearance in [[FA Trophy]] and one appearance in [[Birmingham Senior Cup]]}} |0 |19 |1 |- |Tamworth |2023–24 |National League North |27 |4 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[FA Trophy]]}} |0 |31 |5 |- | rowspan="4" |Walsall |2023–24 |League Two |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |2024–25 |League Two |43 |5 |2 |1 |3 |1 |7{{Efn|Four appearances in [[EFL Trophy]], three appearances in the play-offs}} |0 |55 |7 |- |2025–26 |League Two |35 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in the EFL Trophy}} |0 |43 |1 |- |Rotherham United |2026–27 |League Two |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !80 !6 !5 !1 !4 !1 !11 !0 !100 !8 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !191 !21 !20 !8 !5 !1 !23 !2 !239 !32 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Tamworth''' * Ƙungiyar Premier ta Kudu : 2022–23 <ref name="SLP2223"/> * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Arewa : 2023–24 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Arewa ta Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa: 2023–24 [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] == Manazarta == kwf8t9hsgdhw0h5l46xtg5klsqy755p 0 162121 891707 886494 2026-08-05T13:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hussein bin Talal''' (14 Nuwamba 1935 - 7 Fabrairu 1999) ya kasance Sarkin Jordan daga 1952 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1999. Wani memba na daular Hashemite, an dauke shi a matsayin [[Sayyid|zuriyar kai tsaye]] ta 40 ta annabin Musulunci [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] . An haifi Hussein a [[Amman]] a matsayin ɗan fari na Talal bin Abdullah da Zein al-Sharaf bint Jamil . Talal a wannan lokacin shi ne magajin mahaifinsa, [[Abdullah I na Jordan|Sarki Abdullah I]]. Hussein ya fara karatunsa a Amman, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a kasashen waje. Bayan Talal ya zama sarki a 1951, an kira Hussein magaji. Majalisar dokokin Jordan ta tilasta Talal ya yi murabus bayan shekara guda saboda rashin lafiyarsa, (Schizophrenia) kuma an nada majalisa har sai Hussein ya tsufa. An naɗa shi a kan sarauta yana da shekara 17 a 1953. Hussein ya yi aure sau hudu kuma ya haifi 'ya'ya goma sha ɗaya. Hussein, mai mulkin mallaka, ya fara mulkinsa ta hanyar ba da izinin kafa gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a tarihin Jordan a shekarar 1956, wanda ya tilasta masa ya yi murabus bayan 'yan watanni, ya ayyana dokar soja da kuma haramta jam'iyyun siyasa. A karkashin Hussein, Jordan ta yi yaƙi uku da [[Isra'ila]], gami da Yaƙin Kwanaki shida na 1967, wanda ya ƙare da asarar Jordan na West Bank. A cikin 1970, Hussein ya kori mayakan Palasdinawa daga Jordan a cikin abin da aka sani da Black September . Sarki ya yi watsi da dangantakar Jordan da West Bank a shekarar 1988 bayan da aka amince da kungiyar 'yancin Falasdinu a duniya a matsayin wakilin Palasdinawa. Ya ɗaga dokar soja kuma ya sake gabatar da zabe a shekarar 1989 lokacin da tashin hankali kan hauhawar farashi ya bazu a kudancin Jordan. A shekara ta 1994 ya zama shugaban kasar Larabawa na biyu da ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Isra'ila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jordan-Israeli Peace Treaty |url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/peacetreaty.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=www.kinghussein.gov.jo}}</ref> A lokacin da Hussein ya hau mulki a 1953, Jordan sabuwar al'umma ce kuma tana sarrafawa West Bank. Kasar tana da 'yan albarkatun kasa kaɗan, da kuma yawan' yan gudun hijirar Palasdinawa sakamakon [[Yakin Falasdinu na 1948|Yaƙin Falasdinu na 1948]]. Hussein ya jagoranci kasarsa ta hanyar shekaru arba'in na rikice-rikicen Larabawa da Isra'ila da [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]], ya sami nasarar daidaita matsin lamba daga 'Yan kasa na Larabawa, Islama, [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], Kasashen Yamma, da Isra'ilawa, ya canza Jordan a ƙarshen mulkinsa na shekaru 46 zuwa jihar ta zamani mai ɗorewa. Bayan 1967 ya shiga cikin kokarin warware rikicin Isra'ila da Palasdinawa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin matsakaici tsakanin abokan hamayyar Gabas ta Tsakiya daban-daban, kuma an gan shi a matsayin mai zaman lafiya na yankin. An girmama shi saboda ya gafarta wa masu adawa da siyasa da abokan adawar, da kuma ba su manyan mukamai a cikin gwamnati. Hussein, wanda ya tsira daga yunkurin kisan kai da yawa da kuma makirci don hambarar da shi, shine shugaban da ya fi dadewa a yankin. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 63 daga ciwon daji a 1999 kuma ɗansa na fari, Abdullah II ya gaje shi. [[Fayil:Six_years_Hussien_with_Mother_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Hussein (shekara shida) da mahaifiyarsa, Zein al-Sharaf, 1941]] An haifi Hussein a Al-Qasr Al-Sagheer a Fadar Raghadan a [[Amman]] a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1935 ga Yarima Talal da Gimbiya Zein al-Sharaf . <ref name="khbiwa">{{Cite web |title=Biography – King Hussein bin Talal |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/king-hussein-bin-talal |access-date=4 April 2021 |publisher=jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Royal Palaces |url=http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/royal_palaces.html |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.kinghussein.gov.jo}}</ref> Shi ne babba a cikin 'yan uwansa,' yan'uwa maza uku da mata biyu - Gimbiya Asma, Yarima Muhammad, Yarima Hassan, Yarima Muhsin, da Gimbiya Basma . A lokacin sanyi na Ammani, 'yar uwarsa Asma ta mutu daga cutar huhu, alamar yadda iyalinsa suka kasance matalauta a lokacin - ba za su iya samun zafi a gidansu ba.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Spaced en dash}} Hussein shine sunan kakan kakansa na uba, Hussein bin Ali ( Shariff na Makka ), shugaban Tawayen Larabawa na 1916 akan [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2017 |title=Kingdom remembers Sharif Hussein Bin Ali |url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/kingdom-remembers-sharif-hussein-bin-ali |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=The Jordan Times}}</ref> Hussein yayi ikirarin cewa shi zuriyar 'yar [[Muhammad]] [[Fatima|Fatimah]] ce da mijinta [[Aliyu Ibn Abi ɗalib|Ali]], [[Khulafa'hur-Rashidun|khalifa na hudu]], tunda Hussein yana cikin dangin Hashemites, wadanda suka mulki [[Makkah|Makka]] sama da shekaru 700.{{Spaced en dash}} har zuwa lokacin da Gidan Saud ya mamaye ta a shekarar 1925{{Spaced en dash}}kuma yana mulkin [[Jodan|Jordan]] tun daga 1921. {{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hashemites, daular da ta fi dadewa a [[Duniyar Musulunci|duniya]], su ne daular da ta fi tsufa a duniya (bayan Gidan Daular Japan ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2017 |title=Profile: King Abdullah II of Jordan |url=http://themuslim500.com/profile/king-abdullah-ii-jordan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218105901/http://themuslim500.com/profile/king-abdullah-ii-jordan |archive-date=18 December 2016 |access-date=30 June 2017 |website=themuslim500.com}}</ref> Kakar Hussein ta mahaifi, Widjan Hanim, 'yar Shakir Pasha ce wanda shine gwamnan Ottoman na Cyprus. [[Fayil:King_Abdullah_on_Jordan_Independence_day,_25_May_1946.jpg|right|thumb|Hussein (shekara goma sha ɗaya) da aka gani a bayan kakansa [[Abdullah I na Jordan|Sarki Abdullah I]] bayan an ayyana 'yancin Jordan, 25 ga Mayu 1946.]] Yaron ya fara karatun firamare a Amman. Daga nan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Victoria da ke Alexandria, Misira . <ref name="khbiwa" /> Ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Harrow a Ingila, inda ya yi abota da dan uwansa na biyu Faisal II na Iraki, wanda shi ma yake karatu a can.<ref name="khbiwa" /> Faisal ya kasance Sarkin Hashemite Iraki a lokacin, amma yana ƙarƙashin mulki tun lokacin da yake ƙarami.<ref name="khbiwa" /> Kakan Hussein, [[Abdullah I na Jordan|Sarki Abdullah I]], wanda ya kafa Jordan ta zamani, bai ga a cikin 'ya'yansa maza biyu Talal da Nayef damar zama sarki ba, sabili da haka ya mayar da hankali ga kokarinsa wajen renon jikansa Hussein.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Dangantaka ta musamman ta girma tsakanin su biyu. Abdullah ya sanya Hussein mai koyarwa mai zaman kansa don ƙarin darussan Larabci, kuma Hussein ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga kakansa yayin ganawarsa da shugabannin kasashen waje, kamar yadda Abdullah ya fahimci Turanci amma bai iya magana da shi ba.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} A ranar 20 ga Yulin 1951, Yarima Hussein mai shekaru 15 ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] don yin Addu'o'in Jumma'a a [[Dutsen Haikali|Masjid Al-Aqsa]] tare da kakansa.<ref name="khbiwa"/> Wani mai kisan gilla na Palasdinawa ya bude wuta a kan Abdullah da jikansa, a cikin jita-jita cewa Sarki yana shirin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da sabuwar jihar Isra'ila da aka kafa. Abdullah ya mutu, amma Hussein ya tsira daga yunkurin kisan kai kuma, a cewar shaidu, ya bi mai kisan kai.<ref name="CNN1" /> An kuma harbe Hussein, amma an karkatar da harsashi ta hanyar lambar yabo a kan tufafinsa da kakansa ya ba shi.<ref name="CNN1" /> == Sarauta == === Samun dama === An ayyana ɗan fari na Abdullah, Talal, a matsayin Sarkin Jordan . <ref name="ttkhkf">{{Cite web |date=8 February 1999 |title=King Hussein of Jordan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/royalty-obituaries/7136625/King-Hussein-of-Jordan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409092522/https://web.archive.org/web/20190121130237/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/royalty-obituaries/7136625/King-Hussein-of-Jordan.html |archive-date=9 April 2022 |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=The Telegraph }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''The Telegraph''. 8 February 1999. Archived from [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/royalty-obituaries/7136625/King-Hussein-of-Jordan.html the original] on 11 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Talal ya nada ɗansa Hussein a matsayin yarima a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1951. <ref name="ttkhkf" /> Bayan mulkin da bai kai watanni goma sha uku ba, majalisar ta tilasta wa Sarki Talal ya yi murabus saboda yanayin tunaninsa - likitoci sun gano [[Hauka|schizophrenia]].<ref name="ttkhkf" /> A cikin ɗan gajeren mulkinsa, Talal ya gabatar da tsarin mulki na zamani, mai sassaucin ra'ayi a 1952 wanda har yanzu ake amfani dashi a yau.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> An ayyana Hussein a matsayin sarki a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan 1952, ya gaji kursiyin watanni uku kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta 17. <ref name="ttkhkf" /> An kawo sakon waya daga Jordan zuwa Hussein yayin da yake zaune tare da mahaifiyarsa a kasashen waje a Lausanne, Switzerland, wanda aka yi wa 'His Majesty King Hussein'. <ref name="ttkhkf" /> "Ba na buƙatar buɗe shi don sanin cewa kwanakina a matsayin ɗan makaranta sun ƙare, "Hussein daga baya ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Ya koma gida ga taron jama'a masu farin ciki.<ref name="ttkhkf" />{{Spaced en dash}} An nada majalisa mai mutum uku wanda ya kunshi Firayim Minista da shugabannin Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai har sai ya kai 18 (ta [[Hijira kalanda|Kalandar Musulmi]]).{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} A halin yanzu, Hussein ya ci gaba da karatu a Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . <ref name="khbiwa"/> An naɗa shi a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1953, a ranar da dan uwansa Faisal II ya ɗauki ikon tsarin mulki a matsayin sarkin Iraki.<ref name="ttkhkf"/> === Shekaru na farko === [[Fayil:King_Hussein_in_uniform_in_1953.jpg|right|thumb|Sarki Hussein a cikin tufafin bikin sarauta, 1953]] Sarkin matashi ya gaji kursiyin ba kawai na Jordan ba, har ma da na West Bank, wanda Jordan ta kama a lokacin yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila na 1948 kuma An haɗa shi a 1950.<ref name="ttkhkf"/> Kasar ba ta da wadataccen albarkatun kasa, kuma tana da yawan 'yan gudun hijirar [[Falasdinawa|Palasdinawa]] sakamakon yaƙin - mamayewar West Bank ya sanya Palasdinawa kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a, sun fi yawan Jordan.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Bayan ya hau gadon sarauta, ya nada Fawzi Mulki a matsayin Firayim Minista.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Manufofin Mulki masu sassaucin ra'ayi, gami da 'yancin' yan jarida, sun haifar da tashin hankali yayin da kungiyoyin adawa suka fara kamfen ɗin farfaganda a kan mulkin mallaka.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Mayakan Palasdinawa (fedayeen, ma'ana masu sadaukar da kansu) sun yi amfani da yankin da ke karkashin ikon Jordan don kaddamar da hare-hare kan Isra'ila, wani lokacin suna haifar da ramuwar gayya.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan ramuwar gayya da Isra'ila ta yi ya zama sananne da [[Qibya]]_massacre" id="mwATU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Qibya massacre">Kisan kiyashi na Qibya; ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula 66 a ƙauyen Qibya na [[Gaɓar Yamma|Yammacin Kogin]] Yamma.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Lamarin ya haifar da zanga-zangar, kuma a cikin 1954 Hussein ya kori Mulki a cikin tashin hankali kuma ya nada mai tsayin daka Tawfik Abu Al-Huda. <ref name="ttkhkf" /> Kasar ta gudanar da zaben 'yan majalisa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1954, yayin da jam'iyyun kasar ba su riga sun shirya su ba.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Abu Al-Huda ya kasance shekara guda kawai, kuma gwamnati ta fuskanci sauye-sauye sau uku a cikin shekara mai zuwa.<ref name="ttkhkf" />{{Spaced en dash}} Yarjejeniyar Baghdad ta 1955 wani yunkuri ne na Yammacin Turai don kafa kawancen Gabas ta Tsakiya don magance tasirin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet]] da Masar ta [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]. <ref name="ttkhkf"/> Jordan ta sami kanta a tsakiyar tashin hankali na Cold War.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Burtaniya, Turkiyya, da Iraki sun kasance membobin yarjejeniyar, kuma Burtaniya ta matsa wa Jordan don shiga.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Nasserism (akidar gurguzu ta Pan-Arabist) ta mamaye Duniya ta Larabawa a cikin shekarun 1950, kuma shawarar shiga yarjejeniyar ta haifar da manyan rikice-rikice a kasar.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Dokar hana fita da rundunar Larabawa ta sanya ba ta da yawa don sauƙaƙe halin da ake ciki kuma tashin hankali ya cigaba a cikin shekara ta 1955.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Rikicin cikin gida, wanda ke haifar da farfaganda da aka watsa daga rediyo na Masar, an kwantar da shi ne kawai bayan Sarki ya nada sabon Firayim Minista wanda ya yi alkawarin ba zai shiga Yarjejeniyar Baghdad ba.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Saudi Arabia ta sami daidaituwa tare da Masar a cikin zargin da suke yi game da Hashemites, a Jordan da Iraki.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Saudiyya ta tara sojoji a kusa da Aqaba a kan iyakar kudancin Jordan a watan Janairun 1956, kuma kawai ta janye bayan Birtaniya ta yi barazanar shiga tsakani a madadin Jordan.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Hussein ya fahimci cewa yanayin kishin kasa na Larabawa ya mamaye siyasar Larabawa, kuma ya yanke shawarar fara rage dangantakar Jordan da Birtaniya.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> A ranar 1 ga Maris 1956, Hussein ya tabbatar da 'yancin Jordan ta hanyar Arabiya da umarnin sojojin: ya kori Glubb Pasha a matsayin kwamandan rundunar Larabawa kuma ya maye gurbin dukkan manyan jami'an Burtaniya da' yan Jordan, don haka ya sake masa suna zuwa "Jordan Armed Forces-Arab Army". <ref name="ttkhkf" /> Ya soke yarjejeniyar Anglo-Jordanian kuma ya maye gurbin tallafin Burtaniya da taimakon Larabawa.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> An sadu da yanke shawara mai ƙarfin zuciya na Hussein da sha'awa a gida kuma dangantakar da kasashen Larabawa ta inganta.<ref name="ttkhkf" /> Shugaban Masar Nasser ya sami goyon baya daga jama'ar Larabawa bayan an sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar makamai ta Masar da Czechoslovakia a watan Satumbar 1955, kuma shahararsa a Jordan ta tashi bayan da aka sanya [[Suez canal|Suez Canal]] a watan Yulin 1956; an ga ayyukansa a matsayin matsayi mai karfi a kan [[Imperialism|mulkin mallaka]] na Yamma. {{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hussein ya kuma goyi bayan motsi.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Abubuwan da suka faru a Misira sun sa jam'iyyun adawa na hagu na Jordan suka dogara sosai ga Nasser.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}}{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} An rushe majalisar da aka zaba a shekara ta 1954, kuma Hussein ya yi alkawarin zabe mai kyau.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Zaben majalisar dokoki da aka gudanar a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1956 ya ga Jam'iyyar Socialist ta Kasa ta fito a matsayin babbar jam'iyya, ta lashe kujeru 12 daga cikin 40 a Majalisar Wakilai.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hussein daga baya ya nemi Suleiman Nabulsi, shugaban jam'iyyar, ya kafa gwamnati, gwamnati ce kawai da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya a tarihin Jordan.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hussein ya kira wannan "gwaje-gwaje mai sassaucin ra'ayi", don ganin yadda 'yan Jordan za su "yi aiki da alhakin".{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} A ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1956, Rikicin Suez ya ɓarke a Misira, yayin da Burtaniya, Faransa, da Isra'ila suka kaddamar da wani hari na soja don kwace ikon tashar.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hussein ya yi fushi amma Nabulsi ya hana shi shiga tsakani.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Manufofin Nabulsi sau da yawa sun yi karo da na Sarki Hussein, gami da yadda za a magance Koyarwar Eisenhower.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Sarki ya nemi Nabulsi, a matsayinsa na Firayim Minista, ya murkushe Jam'iyyar Kwaminis da kafofin watsa labarai da take sarrafawa.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Nabulsi yana so ya matsa Jordan kusa da mulkin Nasser, amma Hussein yana so ya zauna a sansanin Yamma.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Rashin jituwa tsakanin mulkin mallaka da gwamnatin hagu ya ƙare a watan Maris na shekara ta 1957 lokacin da Nabulsi ya ba Hussein jerin manyan jami'ai a cikin soja da yake so ya kore shi; Hussein da farko ya saurari shawarwarin. Koyaya, Nabulsi ya gabatar da jerin sunayen da aka faɗaɗa, wanda Hussein ya ki yin aiki.{{Sfn|Hiro|2003}} An tilasta gwamnatin Nabulsi ta yi murabus a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.{{Sfn|Hiro|2003}} A ranar 13 ga Afrilu, tashin hankali ya tashi a cikin barikin sojojin Zarqa kuma Hussein mai shekaru 21 ya tafi ya kawo karshen tashin hankali tsakanin rundunonin sojan sarauta da na Larabawa bayan wannan rukuni ya yada jita-jita cewa an kashe Sarki.{{Sfn|Dann|1989}} Sojojin Siriya 3,000 sun fara motsawa kudu zuwa iyakar Jordan don tallafawa abin da suka ɗauka a matsayin yunkurin juyin mulki, amma sun juya bayan sojojin sun nuna amincinsu ga Sarki.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Manyan asusun biyu sun fito game da abubuwan da suka faru a Zarqa, tare da fasalin sarauta wanda ke riƙe da cewa abin da ya faru ya kasance juyin mulki ne da shugaban ma'aikatan soja [[Ali Abu Nuwar]] ya yi wa Sarki Hussein, kuma fasalin mai adawa da ya tabbatar da cewa Hussein ya yi juyin mulki da aka shirya, wanda Amurka ta goyi bayan shi a kan ƙungiyar pan-Arabist a Jordan.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} A kowane hali, Abu Nuwar da sauran manyan jami'an Larabawa sun yi murabus kuma an ba su izinin barin Jordan zuwa Siriya, inda suka tayar da adawa da mulkin mallaka na Jordan.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Hussein ya mayar da martani ta hanyar sanya dokar soja.{{Sfn|Yitzhak|2012}} Kodayake daga ƙarshe ya sassauta wasu daga cikin waɗannan matakan, wato dokar hana fita ta soja da tsananin tantancewa na manema labarai, yunkurin Hussein ya rage tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya na tsarin mulki wanda ya wanzu a Jordan a tsakiyar shekarun 1950.{{Sfn|Pearson|2010}} An yanke wa wadanda ake zargi da makircin shekaru 15 ba tare da halarta ba, amma daga baya Hussein ya gafarta musu a 1964 a matsayin wani ɓangare na kokarin sulhu da ya yi da 'yan adawarsa da ke gudun hijira, kuma an ba su manyan mukamai a cikin gwamnati.{{Sfn|Pearson|2010}} === Tarayyar Larabawa tsakanin Iraki da Jordan === Shekaru na 1950 sun zama sanannun Yakin Cold na Larabawa, saboda rikici tsakanin jihohin da Nasserist Egypt ke jagoranta da masarautun gargajiya da Saudi Arabia ke jagorantar.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Masar da Siriya sun kafa Jamhuriyar Larabawa (UAR) a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1958, tare da shugabancin Jamhuriwar da Nasser ya mamaye.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} A matsayin mai tsayayya, Hussein da dan uwansa, Sarki Faisal II na Hashemite Iraki, sun kafa Tarayyar Larabawa a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1958 a wani bikin Amman.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Kungiyoyin biyu masu adawa sun kaddamar da yaƙe-yaƙe na farfaganda da juna ta hanyar watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Sojojin Jordan da Siriya sun yi fada a watan Maris a kan iyaka.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Makircin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta UAR ya fara fitowa a kan tarayyar Hashemite.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} An kama wani jami'in a Jordan saboda makircin kashe Hussein.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Har ila yau, ya fito a Jordan cewa UAR tana shirin hambarar da masarautun Hashemite a watan Yulin shekara ta 1958.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Jordan ta mayar da martani ta hanyar kama jami'an sojoji 40 da ake zargi, kuma Hussein ya kira shugaban ma'aikatan sojojin Iraqi Rafiq Aref don ya ba shi bayani game da makircin da aka fallasa.{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} Aref ya amsa, "Kuna kula da kanku. Iraki ƙasa ce mai kwanciyar hankali, ba kamar Jordan ba. Idan akwai damuwa Jordan ce ya kamata a damu. " Ko da yake Faisal da Hussein sun ji daɗin dangantaka ta kusa, ƙungiyar Iraqi ta Faisal sun raina Jordan; Hussein ya danganta wannan halin ga yarima na Iraki 'Abd al-Ilah. {{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}}{{Sfn|Shlaim|2009}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0gzubx8k7udav1n25n6csqqtroffdgz 0 162241 891735 887149 2026-08-05T18:31:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jack Velling''' ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun Atlanta Falcons na Ƙungiyar Kwallon Ƙwallaye ta Ƙasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Michigan State Spartans da Oregon State Beavers, kuma Falcons sun sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a 2026. == Rayuwa ta farko == Velling ya halarci makarantar Seattle Prep School a [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]]. A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya kawo 57 kamawa don yadudduka 838 da kuma touchdown hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jack Velling |url=https://osubeavers.com/sports/football/roster/jack-velling/9067 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Oregon State University Athletics}}</ref> Velling ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jihar Oregon a kan wasu makarantu kamar Arizona, Jihar Fresno, Michigan, Minnesota, da Utah.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nemec |first=Andrew |title=Jack Velling, Washington 3-star tight end, commits to Oregon State Beavers |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/recruiting/2021/07/jack-velling-washington-3-star-tight-end-commits-to-oregon-state-beavers.html |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Oregon Live}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Jihar Oregon === Velling ya fara karatun farko a mako na 3 a kan Jihar Montana, inda ya kama daya don yadudduka bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon State downs Montana State 68-28; Nolan throws 4 TDs. |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20220917_MTST@OREGST/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref> A cikin mako na 7 a kan Jihar Washington, ya yi nasara a wasanni hudu don yadudduka 63.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daschel |first=Nick |title=Oregon State and a big finish, future dividends with students: 10 takeaways from 24-10 win over Washington State |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/beavers/2022/10/oregon-state-and-a-big-finish-future-dividends-with-students-10-takeaways-from-24-10-win-over-washington-state.html |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Oregon Live}}</ref> A cikin mako na 8, Velling ya fara buga wasan farko na aikinsa a kan kamawa na 60 a kan Colorado.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahns |first=Carter |title=Oregon State's Top Performers vs Colorado |url=https://247sports.com/longformarticle/oregon-state-beavers-football-2022-top-performers-colorado-buffaloes-196050340/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=247Sports}}</ref>A cikin mako 11 da ya yi da California, ya yi rikodin liyafa biyu don yadudduka 15 da kuma touchdown, yayin da ya taimaka wa Beavers lashe 38-10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulbranson's 3 total TDs help Oregon St. beat Cal 38-10 |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20221112_CAL@OREGST/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref> Bayan mako guda, Velling ya kama kwallaye uku don yadudduka 74 da kuma touchdown a cikin nasarar 31-7 a kan Jihar Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cluff |first=Jeremy |title=Oregon State smothers Arizona State football in Homecoming Game in Tempe |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/college/asu/2022/11/19/oregon-state-arizona-state-football-live-game-updates-analysis-score/69655108007/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Arizona Central}}</ref> A wasan kofin Jihar Oregon, ya yi liyafa biyu don yadudduka 21 a cikin asarar 30-3 ga Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No. 17 Oregon State dominates Florida to win Las Vegas Bowl |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/gametracker/recap/NCAAF_20221217_FLA@OREGST/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=CBS Sports}}</ref> Velling ya gama shekara tare da liyafa 16 don yadudduka 281 da kuma touchdowns uku, yana samun lambar yabo ta Freshman All-American daga College Football News.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jack Velling 2022 Game Logs |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/jack-velling-1/gamelog/2022/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Damien Martinez, Jack Velling Recognized By College Football News |url=https://pac-12.com/news/2022/12/6/damien-martinez-jack-velling-recognized-college-football-news.aspx |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Pac-12.com}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Disamba, 2023, Velling ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai shiga tashar canja wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daschel |first=Nick |date=December 6, 2023 |title=Oregon State record-setting tight end Jack Velling enters transfer portal |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/beavers/2023/12/oregon-state-record-setting-tight-end-jack-velling-enters-transfer-portal.html |access-date=December 18, 2023 |website=OregonLive.com}}</ref> === Jihar Michigan === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2023, Velling ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jihar Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linsner |first=Cory |date=December 18, 2023 |title=Michigan State football lands commitment from elite TE transfer Jack Velling |url=https://spartanswire.usatoday.com/2023/12/18/michigan-state-football-lands-commitment-from-elite-te-transfer-jack-velling/ |access-date=December 18, 2023 |website=Spartans Wire}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3 5/8|weight=242|dash=4.88|ten split=1.75|twenty split=2.88|shuttle=4.64|cone drill=7.19|vertical=31.5|broad ft=9|broad in=7|arm span=32|hand span=9 1/4|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1057742&DraftYear=2026 |title=Jack Velling College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=March 28, 2026}}</ref>}}An sanya hannu kan Velling a matsayin wakilin kyauta wanda ba a tsara shi ba daga Atlanta Falcons bayan kammala shirin NFL na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McElhaney |first=Tori |date=May 7, 2026 |title=Atlanta Falcons sign 14 undrafted free agents |url=https://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/agree-to-terms-14-undrafted-free-agents |access-date=May 8, 2026 |website=AtlantaFalcons.com |publisher=Atlanta Falcons}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://osubeavers.com/sports/football/roster/jack-velling/9835 Rayuwa ta Beavers ta Jihar Oregon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811045502/https://osubeavers.com/sports/football/roster/jack-velling/9835 |date=2023-08-11 }} * [https://msuspartans.com/sports/football/roster/jack-velling/14096 Tarihin Spartans na Jihar Michigan] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] emfhn0b1c0x3cf9rw0fa0shibo35qyc 0 162273 891935 888104 2026-08-06T07:56:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joshua Kipkemboi Whittaker Lelan''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya na tsakiya ko kuma mai tsaron baya na dama]] ga Farnham Town bayan ya yi rajista sau biyu daga Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United . An haife shi a [[Ingila]], yana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Kenya. == Aikin kulob == === Gundumar Derby === An haife shi a Church Broughton, [[Ingila]], Lelann ya fara aikinsa a cikin tsarin matasa na Derby County tun lokacin da ya shiga kulob din lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu kuma yana riƙe da tikitin kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2012 |title=First Test for U21S |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/first-test-for-u21s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226093644/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/first-test-for-u21s |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2012, Lelan ya bayyana a ƙungiyar farko a karon farko, a matsayin wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Peterborough United . Kafin kakar wasa ta Shekarar 2012-13, an ba shi riga mai lamba ashirin da takwas kuma ya bayyana a wasannin farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2012 |title=Revised Squad Numbers |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/revised-squad-numbers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226093653/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2012/08/revised-squad-numbers |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2013, Lelan ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta aiki da Derby County bayan kammala shirye-shiryensa na tallafin karatu na shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2013 |title=Rams Hand Professional Deals To Ten |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/rams-hand-professional-deals-to-ten-754541.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408081843/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/rams-hand-professional-deals-to-ten-754541.aspx |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya fara jin daɗin ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasa ne lokacin da ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Gateshead a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya a ranar 20 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Derby County defender makes loan move |url=http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-County-defender-makes-loan/story-19819898-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809232226/http://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/Derby-County-defender-makes-loan/story-19819898-detail/story.html |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 August 2014 |publisher=Derby Telegraph}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da suka doke Tamworth da ci 1-0 bayan kwana uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2013 |title=Loan Watch: 23/09/13 |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/loan-watch-230913-1070466.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220924/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/loan-watch-230913-1070466.aspx |archive-date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar iyayensa bayan ya buga wasanni huɗu a Gateshead. A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekarar 2014, Lelan ya koma Swindon Town a kan aro na wata ɗaya. Ya fara buga wasa a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2014–15 a gidan Swindon, inda ya yi nasara a kan Scunthorpe United . A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2014, Lelan ya tsawaita zaman aronsa a Swindon da wata guda, wanda hakan zai sa ya ci gaba da zama a kulob din har zuwa 27 ga Satumba 2014. <ref name="Derby County's Josh Lelan Extends His Loan At Swindon Town">{{Cite web |title=Derby County's Josh Lelan Extends His Loan At Swindon Town |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-countys-josh-lelan-extends-his-loan-at-swindon-town-1883121.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129081808/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-countys-josh-lelan-extends-his-loan-at-swindon-town-1883121.aspx |archive-date=29 November 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> Lelan ya buga wasanni biyar a ƙungiyar, kamar yadda ƙungiyar iyayensa ta sake kiransa. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2014-15, ƙungiyar ta sallami Lelan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2015 |title=Derby County Confirm End Of Season Retained List |url=http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-county-confirm-end-of-season-retained-list-2452729.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610221804/http://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/article/derby-county-confirm-end-of-season-retained-list-2452729.aspx |archive-date=10 June 2015 |access-date=10 June 2015 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> === Garin Northampton === Bayan da Derby County ta sallame shi, Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Northampton Town ta Football League Two a kan kwantiragin watanni 12. Da ya shiga ƙungiyar, an ba shi riga mai lamba goma sha biyu. Lelan ya fara buga wasa a Northampton Town, inda ya fara wasan gaba daya a matsayin dan wasan baya na dama, a wasan da suka doke Bristol Rovers da ci 1-0 a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana. Ya taimaka wa kulob din ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yanci a wasanni biyu da za su yi da Blackpool da Exeter City . Duk da haka, a wasan da suka yi da Plymouth Argyle a ranar 22 ga Agusta shekarar 2015, Lelan ya sami katin jan kati na biyu na bugun fenariti, bayan an yi masa katin gargadi sau biyu a cikin mintuna biyu na ƙarshe na wasan, yayin da Northampton Town ta sha kashi da ci 2-0. A wasan da suka yi da Dagenham da Redbridge, ya yi laifin zura kwallo ta farko a wasan, yayin da kungiyar ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. Sakamakon haka, Lelan ya rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama, inda Darnell Furlong da Brendan Moloney suka fi so a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama na Northampton Town. Sai a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 2015 lokacin da ya dawo cikin tawagar farko da Crawley Town, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 62, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1. A wasan da ya biyo baya, Lelan ya fara buga wasa a karon farko a kungiyar cikin watanni biyu da suka fafata da Yeovil Town, kuma ya taimaka wa Northampton Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan teburi, inda suka yi nasara da ci 2-0. Duk da haka, ya sake rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar ga Moloney a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama na tsawon watanni biyar masu zuwa. Bayan ƙungiyar ta haura zuwa League One, Lelan ya fara wasa a sauran wasanni huɗu na kakar wasa, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na dama. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2015–16, ya buga wasanni goma sha uku a dukkan gasa. Bayan haka, Northampton Town ta saki Lelan, yayin da manajan kulob din Rob Page ya nuna nadama bayan yanke shawarar sakin dan wasan, yana mai cewa "yaron ya shiga ya kuma bayar da kyakkyawan bayani game da kansa. Daga ra'ayin magoya baya, yana iya zama abin mamaki, amma mun yanke shawarar [sakin Lelan] a matsayin rukuni kuma abin da muke ganin ya fi dacewa da wannan kulob din kwallon kafa." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Casey |first=Jeremy |date=20 May 2016 |title=Rose offered new Cobblers contract as Lelan and Corry are released |url=http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/sport/football/rose-offered-new-cobblers-contract-as-lelan-and-corry-are-released-1-7393442 |access-date=14 July 2016 |website=Northampton Chronicle & Echo |archive-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917232554/http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/sport/football/rose-offered-new-cobblers-contract-as-lelan-and-corry-are-released-1-7393442 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2016, Lelan, yana neman sabuwar ƙungiya, ya buga wasa a matsayin mai gwada 'yan wasa a ƙungiyar Ligue One Gillingham a wasan da suka doke Concord Rangers da kuma ƙungiyar League Two Plymouth Argyle a wasan da suka doke St Blazey da ci 9-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2016 |title=Former Scunthorpe player Marcus Williams and ex Northampton defender Josh Lelan among the trialists at Gillingham |url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/sport/trial-players-hoping-to-win-99280/? |access-date=2016-07-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa yana halartar shari'a a ƙungiyar Västerås SK ta Sweden a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 2016, amma bai sami kwangila ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Korir |first=Patrick |title=Harambee Stars call up lands Swedish trial |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/harambee-stars-call-up-lands-swedish-trial |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815105854/http://soka.co.ke/news/item/harambee-stars-call-up-lands-swedish-trial |archive-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> Daga nan Lelan ya koma tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa, Derby County U23, inda ya buga wasanni bakwai tsakanin Oktoba 2016 da Janairu 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2016 |title=U23 Report: Derby County 0-2 S.L. Benefica B |url=https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2016/10/u23-report-derby-county-0-2-sl-benifca-b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114333/https://www.dcfc.co.uk/news/2016/10/u23-report-derby-county-0-2-sl-benifca-b |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Derby County F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Disamba 2016, an yi masa gwaji tare da Leyton Orient, ƙungiyar League Two, inda za su fafata da Southend United a wasan sada zumunci na sirri.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Garin Crawley === A ranar 26 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2017, Lelan ya koma ƙungiyar League Two Crawley Town kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da rabi bayan ya yi gwajin ɗan gajeren lokaci a Derby County. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2017, ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a hannun [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage]] . An bai wa Lelan kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan Crawley Town bayan ya fara buga wasa mai ban sha'awa duk da rashin nasara da ya yi. <ref name="Lelan Crawley Observer2" /> Tun lokacin da ya shiga kulob din, ya fara wasa a wasanni hudu masu zuwa, inda ya buga wasa a tsakiya-baya da kuma dama-baya. Duk da haka, a wasan da suka yi da Wycombe Wanderers a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2017, Lelan ya ji rauni kuma an sauya shi a minti na 21, yayin da Crawley Town ta yi nasara da ci 2-1. Bayan ya rasa wasa ɗaya, ya koma cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fara wasa da Doncaster Rovers kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yan wasa marasa sa'a, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0 a ranar 4 ga Maris 2017. Daga nan Lelan ya biyo baya ta hanyar farawa a matsayin dama-baya don wasanni uku masu zuwa ga Crawley Town. Duk da haka, ya sami lokacin wasa, galibi daga benci mai maye gurbinsa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2016-17. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2016–17, Lelan ya ci gaba da buga wasanni ashirin a duk gasannin da ya buga. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2017-18, Lelan ya ci gaba da kafa kansa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, yana wasa a matsayin tsakiya-baya, hagu-baya da kuma matsayin dama-baya. Daga nan ya taimaka wa Crawley Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa a shirye don kare kanta a wasanni biyu tsakanin 26 ga Agusta 2017 da 2 ga Satumba 2017 da Swindon Town da Yeovil Town. Lelan ya taimaka wa kulob din ya kare kwallaye hudu a raga daga cikin wasanni biyar da suka fafata tsakanin 7 ga Oktoba 2017 da 28 ga Oktoba 2017. Tun farkon kakar wasa ta 2017–18, ya fara wasa a kowanne wasa har sai da aka ajiye shi a benci a wasanni biyu masu zuwa tsakanin 21 ga Nuwamba 2017 da 25 ga Nuwamba 2017. Amma Lelan ya dawo cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko da Mansfield Town a ranar 9 ga Disamba 2017 kuma ya taimaka wa Crawley Town ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin 'yan wasa marasa kyau, a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 2-0. Daga nan ya sake samun matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar a wasanni goma masu zuwa ga ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, Lelan ya rasa matsayinsa na farko a ƙungiyar kuma an sanya shi a kan benci na wucin gadi a sauran kakar wasa ta 2017-18. A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2017–18, ya buga wasanni talatin da uku a dukkan gasannin. A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2018, an sanar da cewa Lelan zai bar Crawley a ƙarshen yarjejeniyarsa ta yanzu a watan Yuni. === Garin Aldershot === A ranar 2 ga Watan Yuli shekarar 2018, bayan an sallame shi daga Crawley, Lelan ya amince ya koma ƙungiyar National League ta Aldershot Town . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar, inda ya fara wasan gaba ɗaya a matsayin ɗan baya na dama, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun Solihull Moors a ranar 11 ga Agusta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2018 |title=Report: Solihull Moors 1-0 The Shots |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/report-solihull-moors-1-0-the-shots/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930053140/https://www.theshots.co.uk/report-solihull-moors-1-0-the-shots/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> Tun lokacin da ya koma Aldershot Town, Lelan ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya fara bugawa a ƙungiyar, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan tsakiya-mai baya da kuma a matsayin ɗan baya-mai baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2018 |title=Shots 2-1 Sutton United |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/shots-2-1-sutton-united/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927130739/https://www.theshots.co.uk/shots-2-1-sutton-united/ |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ƙungiyar ta fice daga gasar bayan kunnen doki 1-1 da Hartlepool United a ranar 13 ga Watan Afrilu shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2019 |title=Shots 1-1 Pools – Aldershot Relegated |url=https://www.theshots.co.uk/full-time-shots-1-1-pools-aldershot-relegated/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926134424/https://www.theshots.co.uk/full-time-shots-1-1-pools-aldershot-relegated/ |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=Aldershot Town Official Site}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2018-19, ya buga wasanni ashirin da shida a dukkan gasannin. Bayan haka, an sallami Lelan a ƙarshen kakarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar. === Hayes da Yeading === A farkon shekarar 2023, Lelan ya rattaba hannu kan Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United === Garin Farnham === A ranar 22 ga Watan Satumba shekarar 2023, Lelan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zama ɗan wasa na Farnham Town bayan ya yi rijista sau biyu daga Hayes &amp;amp; Yeading United . <ref>{{Cite tweet|title=📝 Farnham Sign Experienced Defender @FarnhamTownFC are delighted to announce the signing of defender Josh Lelan on a dual-registration from @HYUFC_Official|user=FarnhamTownFC}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A ranar 5 ga Watan Agusta shekarar 2016, Lelan ya sami kiran farko zuwa Kenya a karon farko kuma ya cancanci buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta hannun mahaifinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tracing Harambee Stars callups Jonah Ayunga and Joshua Lelan |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/tracing-harambee-stars-callups-jonah-ayunga-and-joshua-lelan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810024810/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/tracing-harambee-stars-callups-jonah-ayunga-and-joshua-lelan |archive-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa ƙasarsa wasa a ranar 30 ga Watan Agusta Shekarar 2016 a wasan da suka yi da Uganda, inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opiyo |first=Vincent |title=Uganda Cranes, Harambee Stars fire blanks at Namboole |url=http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/uganda-cranes-harambee-stars-fire-blanks-at-namboole |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903082113/http://www.soka.co.ke/news/item/uganda-cranes-harambee-stars-fire-blanks-at-namboole |archive-date=3 September 2016}}</ref> Bayan ya fara buga wa Kenya wasa, Lelan ya yi tunani game da wasansa na farko, yana mai cewa: "Salon ƙwallon ƙafa ne daban-daban wanda na koya abubuwa da yawa daga gare shi kuma ina son yin ƙarin wasanni a wasannin ƙasashen waje. Yin wasa da Victor lokaci ne mai matuƙar alfahari a gare ni da iyalina." == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 15 December 2018.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Gateshead (loan) |2013–14 |Conference Premier |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |4 |0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Swindon Town (loan) |2014–15 |League One |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Northampton Town |2015–16 |League Two |11 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1<ref group="lower-alpha" name="FLT" /> |0 |13 |0 |- | rowspan="3" valign="center" |Crawley Town |2016–17 |League Two |13 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2017–18 |League Two |30 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |32 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !43 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !45 !0 |- | rowspan="1" valign="center" |Aldershot Town |2018–19 |National League |17 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |19 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !80 !0 !2 !0 !1 !0 !4 !0 !87 !0 |} {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Daraja == '''Garin Northampton''' * Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu : 2015–16 == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Josh Lelan at Soccerbase [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] t9zbkmoloxjc0rn6871bws9tkhbq0ll 0 162412 892014 888479 2026-08-06T10:30:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 892014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna''' shine shugaban kakakin na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Kaduna . An zaɓe shi tare da membobin Majalisar, aikin doka na kakakin shine ya jagoranci duk wani zama da tattaunawar Majalisar.<ref>[https://www.leadership.ng/2018/04/21/34-kaduna-lawmakers-sponsor-4-bills-in-3-years "34 Kaduna Lawmakers Sponsor 4 Bills in 3 Years"] ''[[Leadership (newspaper)]]'' Kaduna State.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shagali emerges Kaduna Assembly speaker |date=9 June 2015 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/politics/56647-shagali-emerges-kaduna-assembly-speaker |newspaper=[[Daily Trust]] |access-date=28 July 2026 |archive-date=1 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213024/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/politics/56647-shagali-emerges-kaduna-assembly-speaker |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnati]] [[Rukuni:Gwamnatin Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Najeriya a 1960]] t59gzeahtlotou84esbmyvfmrfdp44p 0 162417 891724 888541 2026-08-05T16:39:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Innocent Mdledle (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba 1985 a Matatiele, Gabashin Cape) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Afirka ta Kudu da ya yi ritaya. a gasar Firimiya da kuma tawagar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu. A ranar 26 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2007, an kara Mdledle a cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu da ke fafatawa a gasar cin Kofin COSAFA na 2007, duk da cewa yana Kafin ya fara buga wa tawagar kasa wasa, Mdledle ya kasance dan wasa ne mai ban sha'awa a tawagar Afirka ta Kudu ta kasa da shekaru 23, wanda aka fi sani da ''Amaglug-glug'' . Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederations ta 2009. Ya taba buga wa Witbank Spurs, Orlando Pirates, da Mamelodi Sundowns wasa. == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|268244|Innocent Mdledle}} * {{NFT player|22693}} * [http://www.orlandopiratesfc.com/playerprofiles.asp?Id=1873 Bayanan mai kunnawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051228/http://www.orlandopiratesfc.com/playerprofiles.asp?Id=1873 |date=2011-07-28 }} An adana shi 28 Yuli 2011 a [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} howb922n4jm1qj6dnd68rpu4i2cney6 0 162543 891727 889468 2026-08-05T17:03:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 891727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kamfanin '''Irish Heritage Trust''' (IHT) wata ƙungiya ce ta tarihi da al'adu wadda ke da nufin kiyayewa, kulawa da fahimtar gine-ginen Irish masu mahimmanci don ba da damar dorewar kuɗi ga kadarorin. An kafa ta ne a shekarar 2006 a matsayin ƙungiyar kadarorin gado ta ƙasa, kuma an yi mata wani ɓangare a cikin [[Amincewa ta Kasa|National Trust]] a Burtaniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://irishheritagetrust.ie/our-story/ |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Irish Heritage Trust}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Heritage Trust |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/14301907-irish-heritage-trust/ |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=www.gov.ie |language=en |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603081115/https://www.gov.ie/en/organisation/14301907-irish-heritage-trust/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki da kuɗi == Duk da cewa hukumomin Jiha ne suka jagoranci tushen asusun, kuma Ministan Muhalli Dick Roche ya fara shi tare da amincewar Majalisar Ministoci, tana da 'yancin gudanar da ayyukanta. An ƙaddamar da asusun ajiyar ne da tallafin gwamnati na Yuro miliyan 5, kuma mafi yawan kuɗaɗen nata sun fito ne daga kafofin jihohi da na jihohi masu zaman kansu, amma ƙungiyar, wacce aka yi wa rijista, tana tara kuɗi daga wasu majiyoyi. An yi tanadin bayar da gudummawar kadarori ga Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Irish Heritage Trust don ta kasance mai tsafta ga haraji <ref name="IHT_Found_FMcD" /> amma wannan matakin bai tallafa wa ayyukan da ake tsammani ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Irish Heritage Trust CLG - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (2021) |url=https://www.vision-net.ie/displayDocument.jsp?repeatCount=9999&effectiveDate=30/09/2022&numPages=36&filedDate=&fileNetID=124142189&comNum=422959&conversionType=pdf&docType=FINANCIAL%20STATEMENT |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=www.vision-net.ie}}</ref> Asusun yana bayar da tsarin zama memba, wanda ke ba wa membobi damar shiga cikin kadarorin sa guda uku na jama'a kyauta. == Tarihi == Hukumar ta kwace kadarorinta na farko, [[Tsibirin Fota|Fota House]] and Gardens, a wajen birnin Cork, a shekarar 2007. An gudanar da gidan tsawon shekaru 14 da suka gabata ta hanyar amintaccen gida da majalisun birni da gundumomi na Cork da kuma Kwalejin Jami'a Cork suka kafa, kuma Ofishin Ayyukan Jama'a ne ke kula da lambunan; an mayar da gidan zuwa ƙarshen 2007, yayin da kewayen zai kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar IHT bayan shekaru biyar. Trust ta kuma sami tarin zane-zane daga AIB . An yi tsammanin ƙarin sayayya, amma babu wanda ya faru tsawon shekaru takwas, saboda ƙarancin kuɗaɗen gwamnati, da kuma rashin gudummawar da ake sa ran samu daga masu zaman kansu. Hukumar ta ƙara wurin shakatawa na Strokestown Park, da kuma gidan adana kayan abinci na ƙasa da ake kira National Famine Museum, a wurin, a cikin tarin kayanta a shekarar 2015, tare da ɗaukar nauyin kula da gidan tarihi na Johnstown Castle da kuma gidan adana kayan tarihi na noma da ke wajen garin Wexford. Tun bayan da ta karɓe ikon Johnstown Castle Estate a shekarar 2019, Estate ta ga adadin baƙi ya ƙaru zuwa kwata miliyan ɗaya a kowace shekara. Ana ci gaba da haɓaka shafin yayin da ake sake saka duk ribar da aka samu a cikin amintaccen. A watan Maris na 2023, an sanar da cewa asusun zai fara aiki kan gyaran da zai bai wa kamfanin kula da muhalli damar kula da muhalli, wanda zai ci Yuro miliyan 5.2, tare da gyara hedikwatarsa da ke 11 Parnell Square . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2023 |title=Minister Launches Irish Heritage Trust's 10-Year Strategy |url=https://www.hospitalityireland.com/general-industry/minister-launches-irish-heritage-trusts-10-year-strategy-198535 |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Hospitality Ireland |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, asusun ya sanar da cewa zai yi haɗin gwiwa da Ƙungiyar ESB don ƙirƙirar gidan tarihi a lamba 12 Lower Fitzwilliam Street a kan mil na Georgian . == Kadarorin Amincewa == [[Fayil:Johnstown_Castle,_Wexford.jpg|thumb| Fadar Johnstown, Wexford]] Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, amintaccen yana da kadarori uku na gado da ake buɗewa ga jama'a akai-akai: * [[Tsibirin Fota|Gidan Fota da Lambuna]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=deLongchamps |first=Kya |date=3 June 2023 |title=Five great houses and gardens of Ireland to visit this summer |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/property/homeandgardens/arid-41146567.html |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=Irish Examiner |language=en}}</ref> * Gidan sarauta na Johnstown <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kane |first=Conor |date=4 April 2023 |title=Rare section of Johnstown Castle opens to public |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/regional/2023/0404/1374125-johnstown-castle/ |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=[[RTÉ.ie]] |language=en}}</ref> * Wurin shakatawa na Strokestown Bugu da ƙari, ginin hedikwatarsa mallakar gado ne, a lamba 11 Parnell Square, kuma za ta yi aiki don haɓaka gidan tarihi a wani gidan Georgian da ke lamba 12 Fitzwilliam Street don maye gurbin gidan tarihi na Lamba Ashirin da Tara: Gidan Georgian da aka rufe a cikin birnin kudu na Dublin. == Martani == A lokacin ƙaddamar da IHT, editan jaridar Irish Times ya yaba wa membobin hukumar sa kai ta asusun amma ya yi tambaya game da matsayinsa, yana mai bayyana ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin "wani aikin 'yan damfara' na siyasa" kuma yana cewa "aikin da aka yi wa wannan kamfanin Irish Heritage Trust mai kyau yana da iyaka sosai har cibiyar ba ta cancanci wannan matsayi ba". Ta kuma yi tsokaci cewa [[Hasken wuta|An Taisce]] yana da dalilin yin korafi game da korarsa daga kwamitin IHT. == Manazarta == fx6f2826itiza9giiy4ksfoxlgvjjg1 0 162784 891672 891660 2026-08-05T12:57:22Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891672 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Francine Estelle Zouga Edoa''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta [[Kamaru]] wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|yar wasan tsakiya]] . A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2012, ta wakilci Kamaru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francine Zouga Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418050417/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=29 May 2017 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|francine-zouga/253459}} * {{FIFA player|265905}} * {{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/zo/francine-zouga-1.html|title=Francine Zouga}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] rxek080thn9q7d0xamy06sywqm04lcj 0 162785 891674 891661 2026-08-05T13:01:59Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891674 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Fatima Sekouane''' (Arabic, an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1983) tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. == Ayyukan kulob din == An kafa Sekouane a cikin AS Intissar Oran, ta taka leda ne ga Intissar da Afak Relizane a Aljeriya. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Sekouane memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a ƙasar Aljeriya . Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar a Gasar Mata ta Afirka ta 2006, a Gasar mata ta Afirka ta 2010, a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Afirka ta 2014 a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar da kuma Gasar Cin kofin Mata ta Afrika ta 2018 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya/Algeria: Starlets On the Verge of Making History After Holding Algeria |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201604140112.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430183539/http://allafrica.com/stories/201604140112.html |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=24 April 2017 |publisher=All Africa}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * CAF player profilea cikinWayback Machine (an adana shi a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2015) * Fatima Sekouanea kanFacebook * Fatima Sekouanea Kooora.com (a cikin Larabci) (an adana shi) a Turanci a Goalzz.com) {{Navboxes|title=Algeria squads|bg=white|fg=#006633|bordercolor=#006633|list1={{Algeria squad 2006 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] hq3wg1h83j3uosnpdsaxsqa2tfxwqj0 0 162786 891670 2026-08-05T12:55:14Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337784807|Elena Obono]]" 891670 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Hatnote|This name uses Fang people from Equatorial Guinea naming customs: her [[surname]] is ''Obono'', her father's surname is ''Nkuadum'' and her mother's surname is ''Oyana''. The surnames are chosen by their respective parents.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Elena Obono Nkuadum Oyana''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1999) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Equatoguinean wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kulob din LINAFF TP Mazembe da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Equatorial Guinea . == Ayyukan kulob din == A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2025, Obono ta zira kwallaye ga M'Sichana a lokacin gasar zakarun mata ta CAF ta 2025 UNIFFAC Qualifiers . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ligue des Champions/Dames : M’Sichana frustré ! |url=https://actualite.cd/2025/09/20/ligue-des-championsdames-msichana-frustre}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Obono ta fara buga wa Equatorial Guinea wasa a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Houssamdine |first=Boina |title=Amical : les Cœlacanthes Dames s'inclinent face au Nzalang Nacional |trans-title=Friendly: Coelacanths Ladies bow to Nzalang Nacional |url=https://comorosfootball.com/amical-coelacanthes-dames-nzalang-nacional/ |access-date=16 August 2019 |publisher=Comoros Football 269 |language=fr}}</ref> Ta fafata a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni uku kuma ta zira kwallaye daya. Ta kuma wakilci kasar a matakin kasa da shekaru 20 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta U-20 ta Afirka ta 2015 da Wasannin Afirka na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Competitions - WWC-Q U20 2016 - Team Details - Player Details |url=http://admin.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/wwc-qu202016/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=%2bxiQut97VWCBYGxuMHGGSLfJQbLtjJX5IyVEZwi%2fk3lTZmSZqB%2bW%2fO6jhFWODz6C |access-date=16 August 2019 |publisher=CAF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=African Games (Football) Athlete Profile : OBONO NKUADUM OYANA Elena |url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027905-obono-nkuadum-oyana-elena.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821013551/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/zb/engzb_football-athlete-profile-n1027905-obono-nkuadum-oyana-elena.htm |archive-date=21 August 2019 |access-date=21 August 2019 |publisher=2019 African Games}}</ref> === Manufofin kasa da kasa === ''Sakamakon da sakamakon sun hada da burin Equatorial Guinea na farko'' {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Sakamakon !Gasar |- | style="text-align: center;" |1 |26 Nuwamba 2017 |[[Malabo]]" id="mwUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nuevo Estadio de Malabo">Filin wasa na Malabo, Malabo, [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]] |{{Fbw|COM}} | style="text-align: center;" |2–0 | style="text-align: center;" |4–0 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align: center;" |2 |21 ga Nuwamba 2018 |Filin wasa na Cape Coast, Cape Coast, [[Ghana]] |{{Fbw|RSA}} | style="text-align: center;" |1–2 | style="text-align: center;" |1–7 |[[Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata na 2018|Kofin Kasashen Mata na Afirka na 2018]] |} == Daraja == '''TP Mazembe''' * [[CAF Women's Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Mata ta CAF]]: 2024 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Elena Obonoa cikin Tarihin Wasanni na Duniya * Elena Obonoa kanInstagram {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}{{UNIFFAC Women's Champions League Top Scorer}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] 5384wq9w7pnx2xtyppegwzqgrhy9vom 0 162787 891671 2026-08-05T12:56:20Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361042775|Luz Milagrosa Obono]]" 891671 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Hatnote|This name uses Fang people from Equatorial Guinea naming customs: his [[surname]] is ''Obono'', his father's surname is ''Obiang'' and his mother's surname is ''Mangue''. The surnames are chosen by their respective parents.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Luz Milagrosa Obono Obiang Mangue (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1996) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Equatoguinean wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar Tercera Federación Valdefierro da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Equatorial Guinea . == Ayyukan kulob din == Obono ya fara ne tare da Intercontinental FC a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Equatoguinean . Ta koma Leones Vegetarianos FC a shekarar 2017. Ta shiga kungiyar Mutanen Espanya El Ejido a cikin hunturu na 2019. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Obono ta fara buga wa Equatorial Guinea wasa a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin rabi na biyu a wasan sada zumunci na gida 4-0 da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Komoros|Comoros]]. Ta kuma taka leda a akalla daya daga cikin wasannin [[Cancantar gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018|cancantar gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018]] da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kenya|Kenya]] da kuma wasannin uku na tawagar a gasar ta karshe. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa kanFacebook * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa FBref.com * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa cikin Tarihin Wasanni na Duniya * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa kanInstagram * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa www.mackolik.com (a cikin Turkiyya) {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 35fuotvns1qlwi4b6s8l9iemvcno6fd 891677 891671 2026-08-05T13:05:16Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891677 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Hatnote|This name uses Fang people from Equatorial Guinea naming customs: his [[surname]] is ''Obono'', his father's surname is ''Obiang'' and his mother's surname is ''Mangue''. The surnames are chosen by their respective parents.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Luz Milagrosa Obono Obiang Mangue (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1996) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Equatoguinean wacce ta taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar Tercera Federación Valdefierro da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Equatorial Guinea . == Ayyukan kulob din == Obono ya fara ne tare da Intercontinental FC a gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Equatoguinean . Ta koma Leones Vegetarianos FC a shekarar 2017. Ta shiga kungiyar Mutanen Espanya El Ejido a cikin hunturu na 2019. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Obono ta fara buga wa Equatorial Guinea wasa a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin rabi na biyu a wasan sada zumunci na gida 4-0 da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Komoros|Comoros]]. Ta kuma taka leda a akalla daya daga cikin wasannin [[Cancantar gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2018|cancantar gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018]] da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kenya|Kenya]] da kuma wasannin uku na tawagar a gasar ta karshe. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa kanFacebook * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa FBref.com * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa cikin Tarihin Wasanni na Duniya * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa kanInstagram * Luz Milagrosa Obonoa www.mackolik.com (a cikin Turkiyya) {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 5q63bnjh1as9uwthhyk0s68z5lmp9p6 0 162788 891696 2026-08-05T13:33:42Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361939264|Christelle Nyepel]]" 891696 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Olive Christelle Ngo Nyepel''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995), wacce aka fi sani da '''Christelle Nyepel''', 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]]. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Kamaru, ta kasance 'yar asalin Equatorial Guinea kuma ta buga wa tawagar mata ta kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar Equatorial Guinea a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2011, inda ta buga wasanni uku. A matakin kulob din ta buga wa Estrellas de E'Waiso Ipola a Equatorial Guinea . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2011 |title=Official squad list 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team=1888631/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712204415/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team%3D1888631/squadlist.html |archive-date=12 July 2011 |access-date=17 June 2011 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olive Christelle Ngo Nyepel |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/olive-christelle-ngo-nyepel/193616/ |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> {{Navboxes|bg=#E32118|fg=white|bordercolor=#0073CE|title=Equatorial Guinea squads|list1={{Equatorial Guinea squad 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2012 African Women's Championship}} {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] ghdnhn48fc2pjjuwsb36rx78irqrggb 891699 891696 2026-08-05T13:38:08Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891699 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Olive Christelle Ngo Nyepel''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1995), wacce aka fi sani da '''Christelle Nyepel''', 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ta taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|yar wasan tsakiya]]. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Kamaru, ta kasance 'yar asalin Equatorial Guinea kuma ta buga wa tawagar mata ta kasa. Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar Equatorial Guinea a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2011, inda ta buga wasanni uku. A matakin kulob din ta buga wa Estrellas de E'Waiso Ipola a Equatorial Guinea . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2011 |title=Official squad list 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team=1888631/squadlist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712204415/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/teams/team%3D1888631/squadlist.html |archive-date=12 July 2011 |access-date=17 June 2011 |website=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olive Christelle Ngo Nyepel |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/olive-christelle-ngo-nyepel/193616/ |access-date=23 September 2018 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> {{Navboxes|bg=#E32118|fg=white|bordercolor=#0073CE|title=Equatorial Guinea squads|list1={{Equatorial Guinea squad 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup}} {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2012 African Women's Championship}} {{Equatorial Guinea squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] mq7qi9rzsf9u47nejyo2lqsryx5wedf 0 162789 891697 2026-08-05T13:34:43Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337197153|Habiba Sadou]]" 891697 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Habiba Sadou''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1986) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga Afak Relizane da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Algeria . Ta fafata a Aljeriya a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyu. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Habiba Sadoua Kooora.com (a cikin Larabci) (an adana shi) a Turanci a Goalzz.com) {{DEFAULTSORT:Sadou, Habiba}}{{Navboxes|bg=white|fg=green|bordercolor=green|title=Algeria squads|list1={{Algeria squad 2006 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 24p1p3lkobwcrg8xmo069dczr49v7vi 891700 891697 2026-08-05T13:39:42Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891700 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Habiba Sadou''' (Arabic; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba 1986) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga Afak Relizane da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Algeria . Ta fafata a Aljeriya a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka a shekarar 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyu. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Habiba Sadoua Kooora.com (a cikin Larabci) (an adana shi) a Turanci a Goalzz.com) {{DEFAULTSORT:Sadou, Habiba}}{{Navboxes|bg=white|fg=green|bordercolor=green|title=Algeria squads|list1={{Algeria squad 2006 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2010 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2014 African Women's Championship}} {{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}}}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] 0nt2gkcscu3gx1e2i2vaks70h8lnkln 0 162790 891698 2026-08-05T13:35:40Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336458806|Assia Sidhoum]]" 891698 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Assia Sidhoum''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin '[[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Algeria . Ta fafata a Aljeriya a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyu. An haife ta ne a [[Tunisiya]] ga iyayen Aljeriya, Sidhoum ta koma Kanada tare da iyalinta lokacin da take da watanni 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |date=April 30, 2020 |title=Sidhoum's Algerian dream comes true |url=https://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/sidhoums-algerian-dreams-come-true}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Walid Z. |date=June 4, 2018 |title=Assia Sidhoum : " L'intérêt pour le foot féminin viendra avec les résultats " |url=https://lagazettedufennec.com/interviews/entretien-exclusif/assia-sidhoum-linteret-foot-feminin-viendra-resultats/ |access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 1qiyw283tfikgc2d9kc55xhm1ep24r2 891701 891698 2026-08-05T13:41:07Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 891701 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Assia Sidhoum''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Aljeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin '[[Mai buga tsakiya|yar wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Algeria . Ta fafata a Aljeriya a gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2018, inda ta buga wasanni biyu. An haife ta ne a [[Tunisiya]] ga iyayen Aljeriya, Sidhoum ta koma Kanada tare da iyalinta lokacin da take da watanni 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |date=April 30, 2020 |title=Sidhoum's Algerian dream comes true |url=https://www.fifa.com/womens-football/news/sidhoums-algerian-dreams-come-true}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Walid Z. |date=June 4, 2018 |title=Assia Sidhoum : " L'intérêt pour le foot féminin viendra avec les résultats " |url=https://lagazettedufennec.com/interviews/entretien-exclusif/assia-sidhoum-linteret-foot-feminin-viendra-resultats/ |access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Algeria squad 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] pw57i89ou6uw4zrl2l2j5ovuivja8e3 0 162791 891728 2026-08-05T17:29:12Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309358659|Gaiserwald]]" 891728 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Gaiserwald</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Municipalities of Switzerland|Garin]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Abtwil_from_Sonnenberg.JPG|250x250px]] |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" |<templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css" /><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell">[[Fayil:Gaiserwald-blazon.svg|100x100px|Coat of arms of Gaiserwald]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Alamar makamai</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe height="200" frameless="1" align="center" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Gaiserwald","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q66781"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Gaiserwald"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q66781"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[9.316666666666666,47.416666666666664],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Gaiserwald","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Wurin Gaiserwald</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Gaiserwald is located in Switzerland]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:22.465%;left:71.776%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Gaiserwald]]</div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div>Gaiserwald</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Switzerland</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar Switzerland</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Reliefkarte_St._Gallen_blank.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|261x261px|Gaiserwald is located in Canton of St. Gallen]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:26.364%;left:50.731%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Gaiserwald]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Gaiserwald</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Canton na St. Gallen</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Nuna taswirar Canton na St. Gallen</span></div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gaiserwald&params=47_25_N_9_19_E_type:city(8389)_region:CH-SG <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.417°N 9.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.417; 9.317</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:9}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gaiserwald&params=47_25_N_9_19_E_type:city(8389)_region:CH-SG <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">9°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.417°N 9.317°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">47.417; 9.317</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin kasashen|Kasar]] | class="infobox-data" |Switzerland |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data" |St. Gallen |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |St. Gallen |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Mai girma&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Andreas Haltinner |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yankin<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |1².64 km2 (4.88 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |650 m (2,130 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Disamba 2020) <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |8,389 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ƙarƙashin jama'a&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |663.7/km² (1,719/sq mi) &nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+01:00 (CET) |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara (DST) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |UTC+02:00 (CEST) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar gidan waya | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">9030</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambar SFOS | class="infobox-data" |3442 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Lambobin ISO 3166 | class="infobox-data nickname" |CH-SG |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kewaye shi da | class="infobox-data" |[Hasiya] An yi amfani da ita a lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi a lokacin da ake amfani da su.Wittenbach |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |www.gaiserwald.ch |} '''Gaiserwald''' wata [[Switzerland]]" >karamar hukuma ce a cikin ''Wahlkreis'' (mazabar) na St. Gallen a cikin canton na St. Gallen a Switzerland . Garin ya kunshi ƙauyukan '''St. Josefen''', '''Abtwil''' da '''Engelburg''' . == Tarihi == An fara ambata Gaiserwald a cikin 1282 a matsayin ''Gaiserwalt'' . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Engelburg-Richtung-Sittertobel.jpg|left|thumb|Garin Engelburg a cikin Gaiserwald]] Gaiserwald yana da yanki, kamar yadda aka saba a shekarar 2006, na tsawon kilomita 12.7 (mita 4.9 sq). Daga cikin wannan yanki, kashi 49.8% ana amfani da su ne don amfanin gona, yayin da kashi 30.2% kuma suna da dazuzzuka. Daga cikin sauran ƙasar, kashi 18.8% suna zaune ne (gine-gine ko hanyoyi) kuma sauran (1.2%) ba sa samar da amfanin gona (koguna ko tafkuna) Garin yana cikin St Gallen ''Wahlkreis'' kuma yana daga cikin unguwanni na St. Gallen . Duk da yake babu ƙauyen Gaiserwald, garin ya ƙunshi ƙauyukan St. Josefen, Abtwil da Engelburg. == Alamar makamai == Alamar makamai ta gari ita ce ''Argent a Pale wavy Azure tsakanin uku Annulets a pale Gules a dexter da Pine Tree da aka kawar da shi a sinister.'' == Yawan jama'a == Gaiserwald yana da yawan jama'a (a ranar 31 ga Disamba 2020) na 8,389. [5]Ya zuwa shekara ta 2007, kimanin kashi 12.1% na yawan jama'a sun hada da 'yan kasashen waje. Daga cikin yawan kasashen waje, (kamar yadda na 2000), 148 daga [[Jamus]] ne, 113 daga [[Italiya]] ne, 284 daga tsohuwar Yugoslavia ne, 57 daga Austria ne, 90 daga [[Turkiyya]] ne, kuma 170 daga wata ƙasa ne.<ref name="SG_kennzahlen">[http://www.statistik.sg.ch/home/publikationen/ksgmz/Ausgabe_2009.html Der Kanton St. Gallen und seine Menschen in Zahlen - Ausgabe 2009] {{In lang|de}} accessed 30 December 2009</ref> A cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata yawan jama'a ya karu da kashi 9.4%. Yawancin jama'a (kamar yadda na 2000) suna magana da Jamusanci (93.4%), tare da Serbo-Croatian na biyu mafi yawanci (1.4%) kuma Albanian na uku (0.9%). Daga cikin yarukan ƙasar Switzerland (kamar yadda na 2000), 7,003 suna magana da [[Jamusanci]], mutane 28 suna magana da [[Faransanci]], mutane 61 suna magana da [[Italiyanci]], kuma mutane 10 suna magana da Romansh. Rarraba shekaru, kamar yadda aka saba a shekarar 2000[sabuntawa], a Gaiserwald shine; Yara 881 ko 11.8% na yawan jama'a suna tsakanin shekaru 0 zuwa 9 kuma matasa 1,167 ko 15.6% suna tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 19. Daga cikin yawan manya, mutane 823 ko 11.0% na yawan jama'a suna tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 29.  Mutane 1,165 ko 15.5% suna tsakanin 30 zuwa 39, mutane 1,236 ko 16.5% suna tsakanin 40 zuwa 49, kuma mutane 1,060 ko 14.1% suna tsakanin 50 zuwa 59. Yawan mutanen da suka tsufa shine mutane 643 ko 8.6% na yawan mutanen suna tsakanin shekaru 60 zuwa 69, mutane 362 ko 4.8% suna tsakanin 70 zuwa 79, akwai mutane 144 ko 1.9% waɗanda ke tsakanin 80 zuwa 89, kuma akwai mutane 14 ko 0.2% waɗanda ke tsakanin 90 zuwa 99.. A shekarar 2000 [sabuntawa] akwai mutane 805 (ko 10.7% na yawan jama'a) waɗanda ke zaune su kaɗai a cikin wani gida mai zaman kansa. Akwai mutane 1,760 (ko 23.5%) waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na ma'aurata (masu aure ko waɗanda suka yi aure) ba tare da yara ba, da kuma 4,366 (ko 58.3%) waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na ma'aurata masu yara. Akwai mutane 408 (ko 5.4%) waɗanda ke zaune a gidan iyaye ɗaya, yayin da akwai mutane 33 waɗanda suka kasance manya yara suna zaune tare da iyaye ɗaya ko duka biyun, mutane 19 waɗanda ke zaune a cikin gida wanda ya ƙunshi dangi, mutane 28 waɗanda ke zaune a gida wanda ya ƙunshi mutane marasa alaƙa, da kuma 76 waɗanda ko dai suna zaune a wani nau'in gidaje na gama gari ko kuma suna zaune a wani nau'in gidaje na gama gari. A cikin Zaben tarayya na 2007 jam'iyyar da ta fi shahara ita ce SVP wacce ta samu kashi 31.6% na kuri'un. Jam'iyyun uku da suka fi shahara sune CVP (21.1%), FDP (15.3%) da [[Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland|SP]] (13.9%). Gabaɗaya al'ummar Switzerland suna da ilimi mai kyau. A Gaiserwald, kimanin kashi 79.1% na al'ummar (tsakanin shekaru 25-64) sun kammala karatun sakandare ba dole ba ko kuma ƙarin ilimi mai zurfi (ko dai jami'a ko kuma Fachhochschule). Daga cikin yawan jama'a a Gaiserwald, tun daga shekara ta 2000, matakin ilimi mafi girma da mutane 1,299 suka kammala (17.3% na yawan jama'ar) ya kasance [[Ilimi a Switzerland|Firamare]], yayin da 3,025 (40.4%) suka kammala [[Ilimi a Switzerland|Sakandare]], 1,085 (14.5%) sun halarci [[Ilimi a Switzerland|Makarantar sakandare]], kuma 274 (3.7%) ba su cikin makaranta. Sauran ba su amsa wannan tambayar ba. An ba da yawan jama'a na tarihi a cikin tebur mai zuwa: {| class="wikitable" !shekara !yawan jama'a |- |1850 |1,269 |- |1900 |2,508 |- |1941 |2,173 |- |1950 |2,396 |- |1960 |2,319 |- |2000 |7,495 |- |} == Wuraren tarihi na muhimmancin ƙasa == [[Fayil:St_Josefh.JPG|thumb|Cocin St. Josef]] Cocin Ikklisiyar [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] na St. Josef an jera shi a matsayin wurin al'adun Switzerland na muhimmancin ƙasa. Cocin St. Josef an gina shi ne a cikin 1904-05 a cikin salon Gothic Revival ta August Hardegger . Ya zuwa shekara ta , Gaiserwald yana da rashin aikin yi na 1.89%. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, akwai mutane 124 da ke aiki a [[Primary sector of the economy|bangaren tattalin arziki na farko]] da kuma kusan kamfanoni 49 da ke cikin wannan bangaren. Mutane 427 suna aiki a [[Tertiary sector of the economy|bangaren sakandare]] kuma akwai kamfanoni 72 a wannan bangaren. Mutane 1,229 suna aiki a bangaren sakandare, tare da kamfanoni 204 a wannan bangaren. Ya zuwa Oktoba matsakaicin rashin aikin yi ya kasance 2.7% .<ref>[http://www.statistik.sg.ch/home/themen/b03/arblos.html St Gallen Canton statistics-Unemployment] {{In lang|de}} accessed 30 December 2009</ref> Akwai kamfanoni 318 a cikin gari wanda 75 suka shiga cikin ɓangaren tattalin arziki na biyu yayin da 204 suka shiga na uku. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000 akwai mazauna 1,014 da suka yi aiki a cikin gari, yayin da mazauna 3,023 suka yi aiki daga waje da Gaiserwald kuma mutane 927 suka shiga cikin gari don aiki. == Addini == Daga ƙidayar shekara ta 2000, 3,772 ko 50.3% [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] ne, yayin da 2,473 ko 33.0% na cikin Ikilisiyar Swiss Reformed. Daga cikin sauran yawan jama'a, akwai mutane 4 (ko kusan 0.05% na yawan jama'ar) waɗanda ke cikin bangaskiyar Katolika na Kirista, akwai mutane 112 (ko kusan 1.49% na yawan jamaʼa) waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Ikilisiyar Orthodox, kuma akwai mutane 201 (ko kusan 2.68% na yawan) waɗanda ke ɗaya daga cikin cocin Kirista. Akwai mutane 6 (ko kusan 0.08% na yawan jama'a) wadanda [[Yahudanci|Yahudawa]] ne, da 249 (ko kusan 3.32% na yawan jamaʼa) wadanda Musulmai ne. Akwai mutane 32 (ko kusan 0.43% na yawan jama'a) waɗanda ke cikin wani coci (ba a lissafa su a ƙidayar ba), 484 (ko kusan 6.46% na yawan jamaʼa) ba su cikin coci ba, ba su da agnostic ko atheist, kuma mutane 162 (ko kusan 2.16% na yawan jama" ba su amsa tambayar ba. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2xnz48m8mushpk2xw0dcwfe87f8nrg0 0 162792 891732 2026-08-05T18:22:13Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350318792|Timothy Shelpidi]]" 891732 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Timothy Mai Shelpidi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 1948 -ya mutu a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2018) ya kasance janar ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Najeriya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Najeriya a [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]] daga shekarar 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ru:Список руководителей дипломатических и консульских представительств зарубежных государств в России |url=http://www.mid.ru/nsite-sv.nsf/mnsdoc/10.02.03 |access-date=2008-07-05 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)]] |language=ru}}</ref> Wani babban janar da ya yi ritaya, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Laberiya]] daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekara ta 1999, kuma ya kasance kwamandan rundunonin kiyaye zaman lafiya na ECOMOG da ke Guinea Bissau a shekarar 1997. An haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 1948, Ya shiga cikin Sojojin Najeriya a shekarar 1967, ya fara horo a [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] kuma an ba shi izinin Jami'in Yaki na yau da kullun a ranar 4 de Maris na shekarar 1970. Tsakanin shekarar 1990 da shekara ta 1992, ya kasance babban jami'in ma'aikata ga Babban Kwamandan Sojoji. Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya shiga siyasa na ɗan lokaci, yana takara a matsayin gwamna na jiharsa ta Gombe a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PANAPRESS - PANAFRICAN News Agency - Official Web Site |url=http://www.panapress.com/Retired-General-Shelpidi-on-life-support-machine--13-497921-18-lang2-index.html}}</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Maris na shekarar 2018, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Abuja, bayan rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, kuma an binne shi a ranar 13 ga Maris na shekara ta 2018, cikin garinsu na Boh, a cikin Karamar Hukumar Shongom ta Jihar Gombe. == cancanta da kayan ado == Shelpidi ya halarci darussan soja daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje. * A shekarar 1971: Koyarwar Dukkanin Makamai * A shekarar 1977 - 1978: Shirin Kwamandan Sojoji da Ma'aikata. * A shekarar 1988: Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa, Indiya * Yana magana da Turanci, [[Harshen Hausa]] da Harshen Tangale. * Ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya. * Kwalejin Ma'aikata (psc) * Nazarin Tsaro na MSC * Tauraron Sabis na Sojoji (fss) * Tauraruwar Sabis Mai Girma (Mss), A cikin shekarar 1973 ya kasance Kwamandan Jami'in Battalion 124 na Sojoji. A shekara ta 1996 ya kasance MAJOR GENERAL (mss, psc, ndc), Babban Bincike da Ci gaba A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance Kwamandan [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|Kungiyar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka]] a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea Bissau]] . Daga 18 ga Satumba 2008 zuwa 14 ga Oktoban shekarar 2011 ya gudanar da Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Moscow. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA of Russia &#124; 10/14/2011 &#124; Deputy Foreign Minister Gennady Gatilov Meets with Nigerian Ambassador to Moscow Timothy Mai Shelpidi |url=http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/1998B5C366B11DE7C325792B0037B4C0}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] soo1l4a7mivadsig1gjvk1r7k9seclh 891733 891732 2026-08-05T18:23:06Z M Bash Ne 12403 891733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Timothy Mai Shelpidi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 1948 -ya mutu a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2018) ya kasance janar ne kuma jami'in diflomasiyya na Najeriya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Jakadan Najeriya a [[Rasha|Tarayyar Rasha]] daga shekarar 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ru:Список руководителей дипломатических и консульских представительств зарубежных государств в России |url=http://www.mid.ru/nsite-sv.nsf/mnsdoc/10.02.03 |access-date=2008-07-05 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)]] |language=ru}}</ref> Wani babban janar da ya yi ritaya, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|ECOMOG]] a [[Laberiya]] daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekara ta 1999, kuma ya kasance kwamandan rundunonin kiyaye zaman lafiya na ECOMOG da ke Guinea Bissau a shekarar 1997. An haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Satumbar shekarar 1948, Ya shiga cikin Sojojin Najeriya a shekarar 1967, ya fara horo a [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] kuma an ba shi izinin Jami'in Yaki na yau da kullun a ranar 4 de Maris na shekarar 1970. Tsakanin shekarar 1990 da shekara ta 1992, ya kasance babban jami'in ma'aikata ga Babban Kwamandan Sojoji. Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya shiga siyasa na ɗan lokaci, yana takara a matsayin gwamna na jiharsa ta Gombe a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PANAPRESS - PANAFRICAN News Agency - Official Web Site |url=http://www.panapress.com/Retired-General-Shelpidi-on-life-support-machine--13-497921-18-lang2-index.html}}</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Maris na shekarar 2018, a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tarayya, Abuja, bayan rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci, kuma an binne shi a ranar 13 ga Maris na shekara ta 2018, cikin garinsu na Boh, a cikin Karamar Hukumar Shongom ta Jihar Gombe. == cancanta da kayan ado == Shelpidi ya halarci darussan soja daban-daban a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje. * A shekarar 1971: Koyarwar Dukkanin Makamai * A shekarar 1977 - 1978: Shirin Kwamandan Sojoji da Ma'aikata. * A shekarar 1988: Kwalejin Tsaro ta Kasa, Indiya * Yana magana da Turanci, [[Harshen Hausa]] da Harshen Tangale. * Ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya. * Kwalejin Ma'aikata (psc) * Nazarin Tsaro na MSC * Tauraron Sabis na Sojoji (fss) * Tauraruwar Sabis Mai Girma (Mss), A cikin shekarar 1973 ya kasance Kwamandan Jami'in Battalion 124 na Sojoji. A shekara ta 1996 ya kasance MAJOR GENERAL (mss, psc, ndc), Babban Bincike da Ci gaba A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance Kwamandan [[Kungiyar sa ido kan tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika|Kungiyar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka]] a [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea Bissau]] . Daga 18 ga Satumba 2008 zuwa 14 ga Oktoban shekarar 2011 ya gudanar da Ofishin Jakadancin Najeriya a Moscow. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MFA of Russia &#124; 10/14/2011 &#124; Deputy Foreign Minister Gennady Gatilov Meets with Nigerian Ambassador to Moscow Timothy Mai Shelpidi |url=http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/1998B5C366B11DE7C325792B0037B4C0}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] sqhkw1iw1hr2l5oqekfuas2aylzki1b 0 162793 891738 2026-08-05T19:26:02Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298883322|Ayam penyet]]" 891738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''My WhatsApp number is the same as the first time I want to see you in the morning and I will be there in a few minutes Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya. == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == The history of Ayam Penyet was originally from Ayam bakar Wong Solo, this menu is present as a variation of the menu at Ayam Bakar Wong Solo.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> But it became more and more famous when [[Surabaya]] people sold this under the name Ayam Penyet Surabaya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet 0j7mn2ydovdfsim993fpep9fdlvobh2 891740 891738 2026-08-05T19:27:14Z Alubaki 30448 891740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya. == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == The history of Ayam Penyet was originally from Ayam bakar Wong Solo, this menu is present as a variation of the menu at Ayam Bakar Wong Solo.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> But it became more and more famous when [[Surabaya]] people sold this under the name Ayam Penyet Surabaya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet ke1zsbrj6nnmiff5uqpwsfgio9ish0l 891741 891740 2026-08-05T19:29:05Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 891741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya. == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == The history of Ayam Penyet was originally from Ayam bakar Wong Solo, this menu is present as a variation of the menu at Ayam Bakar Wong Solo.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. But it became more and more famous when [[Surabaya]] people sold this under the name Ayam Penyet Surabaya. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet 7z1gxi6op3fudi8d5d4qdgq0nrg4niw 891742 891741 2026-08-05T19:29:39Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 891742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya. == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == The history of Ayam Penyet was originally from Ayam bakar Wong Solo, this menu is present as a variation of the menu at Ayam Bakar Wong Solo. This claim needs references to reliable sources. But it became more and more famous when [[Surabaya]] people sold this under the name Ayam Penyet Surabaya. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet iax3yhdw1zt8sse57z6gu077vf80z4j 891744 891742 2026-08-05T19:30:24Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 891744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya. == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ayam Penyet ya samo asali ne daga Ayam bakar Wong Solo, wannan menu yana nan a matsayin wani nau'in menu a Ayam Bakar Wong Solo. Wannan ikirarin yana buƙatar ambato daga majiyoyi masu inganci. Amma ya ƙara shahara lokacin da mutanen Surabaya suka sayar da wannan a ƙarƙashin sunan Ayam Penyet Surabaya. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet bxd47ymo8gddcum9fz5xytb2dhpt9li 891745 891744 2026-08-05T19:32:59Z Alubaki 30448 891745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya.<ref name="Ayam penyet">{{Cite web|url= https://m.kumparan.com/regista-arrizky/ayam-penyet-makanan-khas-jawa-timur-selera-rakyat-indonesia |title= Ayam penyet makanan khas jawa timur}} (Indonesian)</ref> == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ayam Penyet ya samo asali ne daga Ayam bakar Wong Solo, wannan menu yana nan a matsayin wani nau'in menu a Ayam Bakar Wong Solo. Wannan ikirarin yana buƙatar ambato daga majiyoyi masu inganci. Amma ya ƙara shahara lokacin da mutanen Surabaya suka sayar da wannan a ƙarƙashin sunan Ayam Penyet Surabaya. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet 2gi1ed616rz1id8dkq0jmbc7yj3peti 891746 891745 2026-08-05T19:33:31Z Alubaki 30448 891746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox food|name=Ayam penyet|image=Ayam penyet.JPG|caption=A plate of ''ayam penyet'', "squeezed" fried chicken in [[sambal]]}}'''Ayam penyet''' ([[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don naman kaza da aka dafa) abinci ne na Indonesian - mafi mahimmanci [[Abincin Javanese]] na Gabas - abincin kaza da aka yi da naman kaza da ya kunshi kaza da aka niƙa shi tare da pestle a kan turmi don ya zama mai laushi, kuma ana ba da shi tare da sambal, sassan cucumbers, tofu da aka dafa, da tempeh (yawanci cucumber). A Indonesia, abincin ''penyet'' kamar kaza da haƙarƙari suna da alaƙa da [[Surabaya]], babban birnin Gabashin Java. Mafi mashahuriyar bambancin ayam penyet shine ayam penyet Suroboyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferika |date=19 October 2013 |title=Pedas Gurih ala Ayam Penyet Suroboyo |url=http://lampung.tribunnews.com/2013/10/19/pedas-gurih-ala-ayam-penyet-suroboyo |access-date=24 August 2014 |publisher=Tribun News |language=id}}</ref> An san ''Ayam penyet'' da sambal mai ɗanɗano, wanda aka yi da cakuda chilli, Ankovies, [[Tumatir]], shellots, [[tafarnuwa]], shrimp paste, [[Tsamiya|tamarind]] da Ruwan lemun tsami. Kamar sunansa, ana murkushe cakuda sambal a cikin wani paste don a ci tare da tasa. A yau ana samun ayam penyet a [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]]. Kwanan nan ya karu da shahara a duk faɗin Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda sarkar franchises daban-daban suka buɗe sayar da tasa tare da sauran kayan abinci na Indonesiya.<ref name="Ayam penyet">{{Cite web|url= https://m.kumparan.com/regista-arrizky/ayam-penyet-makanan-khas-jawa-timur-selera-rakyat-indonesia |title= Ayam penyet makanan khas jawa timur}} (Indonesian)</ref> == Suna == ''Penyet'' kalma ce ta [[Harshen Javanese|Javanese]] don "ƙuntata" ko "matsawa," don haka ''Ayam Penyet'' yana nufin "ƙuntatawa".Ya yi kama da wani shahararren abincin kaza da aka dafa a Indonesiya, ''Ayam geprek'', saboda duka biyu an dafa kaza da aka ragargaje kuma an gauraye su tare da mai zafi da mai ɗanɗano. Bambancin shi ne ''Ayam Penyet'' na gargajiya na Javanese ''Ayam goreng'' da aka dafa a cikin ''bumbu kuning'' (mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano) sannan a dafa shi sosai a cikin [[Manja|Man dabino]] mai zafi. ''Ayam geprek'' duk da haka, ya fi kama da kaza da aka dafa a yamma (Amurka), wanda shine kaza da aka soya da aka rufe da Batir, ko kuma an san shi a Indonesia da ''ayam goreng tepung'' (kaza da aka gasa). <ref name="Kompas-Ayam-Geprek-2">{{Cite web |last=Agmasari |first=Silvita |date=27 April 2018 |title=Apa Bedanya Ayam Geprek dan Ayam Penyet? |url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2018/04/27/090700527/apa-bedanya-ayam-geprek-dan-ayam-penyet- |access-date=2019-12-30 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Tarihi == Tarihin Ayam Penyet ya samo asali ne daga Ayam bakar Wong Solo, wannan menu yana nan a matsayin wani nau'in menu a Ayam Bakar Wong Solo. Wannan ikirarin yana buƙatar ambato daga majiyoyi masu inganci. Amma ya ƙara shahara lokacin da mutanen Surabaya suka sayar da wannan a ƙarƙashin sunan Ayam Penyet Surabaya. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Ayam_penyet_SG.jpg Fayil:NasiTimbelAyamPenyet.JPG Fayil:Nasi_Ayam_Penyet_2.jpg Fayil:Ayam_penyet_di_Bandung.jpg Fayil:Indomie_Mie_goreng_Penyetan_Cok.jpg|With [[Indomie]] Fayil:Ayam_penyet_keju_mozarella.jpg|With mozzarella cheese </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Iga penyet * Ayam geprek == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "[http://www.maempin.net/2017/05/10-resep-ayam-penyet-dengan-sambal.html 10 Bincike Ayam Penyet Dewan Sambal Istimewa Buatan Sendiri] An adana shi 2020-03-20 a " (Indonesia). Maempin - Resep Ayam Penyet cp0oy67t8wt6l0b4a4qmyukrvjuk2xh 0 162794 891750 2026-08-05T19:54:52Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338451358|Kyrgyz cuisine]]" 891750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}  [[Fayil:A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG|thumb|Wata mace ta Kyrgyz a cikin tufafin kasa tana isar da abincin Kyrgyz a Bishkek.]] [[Fayil:Beshbarmak1.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Beshbarmak]] Abinci na Kyrgyz shine '''Abincin Kyrgyz''', wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan jama'ar Kyrgyzstan. Abincin yana kama da na maƙwabtansu a fannoni da yawa. Abinci na gargajiya na Kyrgyz yana kewaye da ragon, naman sa da naman doki, da kuma kayayyakin madara daban-daban. Hanyoyin shirye-shirye da manyan sinadaran sun sami rinjaye sosai ta hanyar rayuwar nomadic ta al'umma. Don haka, dabaru da yawa na dafa abinci suna da kyau ga adana abinci na dogon lokaci. Mutton da naman sa sune nama da aka fi so, kodayake a zamanin yau yawancin Kyrgyz ba sa iya samun su a kai a kai. Kyrgyzstan gida ce ga kasashe da yawa da kuma abincin su daban-daban. A cikin manyan birane, kamar [[Bishkek]], Osh, Jalal-Abad, da Karakol, ana iya samun abinci daban-daban na kasa da kasa. Abinci da ba na Kyrgyz ba wanda ya zama ruwan dare kuma ya shahara a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da abincin Uighur, Dungan, Uzbek, da Turkiyya, wanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan 'yan tsiraru a kasar. == Abincin nama == Nama a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban koyaushe yana da muhimmiyar ɓangare na abincin Kyrgyz. Daga cikin shahararrun abincin nama sune sausages na naman doki (qazı ko Chuchuk), hanta na tumaki, beshbarmak (abinci da ke dauke da nama da aka dafa da kuma yanka tare da noodles), da sauran kayan lambu da aka yi da naman doki. === Beshbarmak === ''Beshbarmak'' shine abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz, kodayake ya zama ruwan dare a [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] da Xinjiang (inda ake kira narin). Ya ƙunshi nama na doki (ko ragon / naman sa) da aka tafasa a cikin sa'o'i da yawa kuma aka yi amfani da shi a kan noodles na gida da aka yayyafa da parsley. ''Beshbarmak'' yana nufin "ƙafafu biyar" a cikin [[Yaren Kyrgyzstan|Harshen Kyrgyz]], kuma ana kiransa haka mai yiwuwa saboda yawanci ana cin abincin da hannu. Ana yin Beshbarmak sau da yawa a lokacin biki don bikin haihuwar sabon yaro, muhimmiyar ranar haihuwar, ko kuma yin makoki game da mutuwar a cikin iyali, ko dai a jana'izar ko a ranar tunawa. Idan an yi amfani da ragon maimakon nama na doki, ana sanya kan tumaki a kan teburin a gaban baƙon da aka fi girmamawa, wanda ke yanke raguwa da sassa daga kai kuma ya ba da su ga sauran baƙi a teburin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyztan (sic) Cuisine |url=http://www.kyrgyz.net.my/cuisine-kyrgyztan.html |access-date=16 February 2015 |website=Kyrgyzstan.net.my}}</ref> === Dimlama === Dimlama stew ne wanda ya kunshi nama, dankali, albasa, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. === Kuurdak === Kuurdak yana daya daga cikin manyan abincin nama. === Shashlik === Shashlik, sassan tumaki da aka gasa a kan gawayi masu shan sigari waɗanda suka zo tare da albasa da aka yanka, ana ba da su a gidajen cin abinci kuma galibi ana sayar da su a kan titi. Ana yawan yin naman sa'o'i kafin a dafa shi. Hakanan ana iya yin Shashlyk daga naman sa, kaza, da kifi. Kowane shashlik yawanci yana da rabo mai-da-nama na ɗaya-da-daya. === Shorpo === Shorpo (ko ''sorpo'') miya ne na nama. === Laghman === Laghman abinci ne wanda ya kunshi nama, kayan lambu da kuma noodles. === Paloo === [[Fayil:Paloo_cooking_in_a_Kazan.jpg|thumb|Cutar dafa abinci]] Paloo (Kyrgyz: палоо ko күрүч/аш) shine nau'in Kyrgyz na abin da ake kira plov a cikin abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ya ƙunshi guntun nama (galibi naman rago ko naman sa, amma wani lokacin kaza) a soya a cikin babban kasko na qazan (ƙaskon ƙarfe mai siminti) sannan a gauraya da karas da aka soya, jiucai (tafarnuwa chives) da shinkafa da aka dafa. Ana ƙawata abincin da tafarnuwa da aka soya gaba ɗaya da barkono ja mai zafi. Ana yin Uzgen paloo da shinkafar da aka noma a yankin daga gundumar Uzgen ta kudu ta Kyrgyzstan. Shirin paloo, dangi na shirin plov a cikin abincin Azerbaijani abinci ne na masu cin ganyayyaki wanda ake maye gurbin nama da 'ya'yan itatuwa busassu, kamar prunes, apricots, da zabibi. ''Paloo'' (Kyrgyz: палоо or күрүч/аш) is the Kyrgyz version of what is generally referred to as [[Pilaf|plov]] in Central Asian cuisine. It consists of pieces of meat (generally mutton or beef, but sometimes chicken) fried in a large qazan (a cast-iron cauldron) and mixed with fried shredded carrots, ''jiucai'' (garlic chives) and cooked rice. The dish is garnished with whole fried garlic cloves and hot red peppers. ''Uzgen paloo'' is made with locally grown rice from the southern Uzgen District of Kyrgyzstan. ''Shirin paloo'', a close relative of shirin plov in Azerbaijani cuisine,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2012}} is a vegetarian dish in which meat is replaced with dried fruits, such as prunes, apricots, and raisins. Paloo shine nau'in Kyrgyzified na kalmar Farisa ''''polo'''' ko polo, wanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin lissafi zuwa pilaf . A cikin R''ash'' ana kiran abincin ''Plov'' (Russian), a cikin Turkiyya ''pilav'', a cikin yarukan Turkic ash, kuma a cikin Tajik osh. == Noodles da dumplings == [[Fayil:E7869-Dordoy-Bazaar.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gidajen cin abinci da yawa a Bishkek suna tallata "Kayan abinci na Dungan" (Kayan abinci ya Dungan, ''Dunganskaya kukhnya'') ]] ''Manty'' kayan kwalliya ne da aka cika da nama da albasa. ''[[Samsa (abinci)|Samsa]]'' ƙananan aljihu ne tare da nama da kayan lambu da aka lulluɓe a cikin burodi ko burodi, kama da samosas na Indiya. Sau da yawa ana cika su da ragon rago da kitse, amma kuma ana yin su da kaza, cuku, kabewa, naman sa, har ma da kabewa. Ana iya siyan su a yawancin kasuwanni ko a kusurwoyin tituna a manyan birane. ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Lyghman]''(food) Lagman (ko laghman) sanannen abincin noodle ne. Ya ƙunshi noodles masu kauri waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar shimfiɗa gurasar gari mai sauƙi, sannan a rufe shi da albasa da sauran kayan lambu kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin sauce mai ɗanɗano. Ana ba da Lagman a ko'ina a Kyrgyzstan, amma ana ɗaukarsa abincin Dungan ko Uighur. == Gurasa da shayi == [[Fayil:E7870-dordoy-laghman-crop-768.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Abincin mai sauƙi a wani karamin gidan cin abinci na Dungan- (Huizu-) a Dordoy Bazaar, Bishkek. Laghman (abinci na noodle), salatin, burodi, da shayi.]] [[Fayil:Тандырные_лепёшки_на_рынке.jpg|left|thumb|Naan a kasuwa a Osh]] Nau'ikan burodi na yau da kullun (Kyrgyz: нан [{{IPA|nɑn}}]) da ake samu a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da gurasar [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] (), da kuma gurasar Turkiyya mai kauri, mai ƙarfi. Ana dafa gurasar Asiya ta Tsakiya a kan gawayi a cikin tanda na Tandoori (Kyrgyz: тандыр [{{IPA|tɑndɯr}}]) kuma yana da zagaye kuma yana da faɗi. Ƙarin kayan burodi na gargajiya sun haɗa da Катhama da boorsoq, nau'ikan burodi guda biyu. Sau da yawa Kyrgyz suna cin burodi daban-daban ta hanyar tsoma su cikin jam, Kaymak, man shanu, ko makamantansu. Boorsoq wani lokacin ana cinye shi a cikin shayi, ko kuma a tsoma shi cikin zuma. Gurasa tana da daraja a matsayin mai tsarki a al'adun Kyrgyz, kuma mai karɓar bakuncin mai kyau koyaushe yana ba da gurasar baƙo aƙalla (sau da yawa tare da shayi), koda kuwa baƙon yana zaune ne kawai na 'yan lokatai. == Abin sha == [[Fayil:Mare_milking_Suusamyr.jpg|left|thumb|Ana amfani da madarar Mare don yin kymys]] Wani sanannen abin sha na Kyrgyz shine kymys (Kyrgyz), abin sha mai ɗanɗano wanda aka yi ta hanyar fermenting mare. Wannan abin sha ana ɗaukarsa abin sha ne na sa hannu na al'adun makiyaya na Turai da Asiya, kamar yadda ake cinye shi a Kazakhstan da Mongolia. Ana samun sabbin kymys ne kawai a lokacin rani, daga kimanin Mayu har zuwa Agusta, lokacin da za'a iya siyan su a gefen hanya a yankunan tsaunuka. Jarma irin wannan abin sha ne wanda aka samo daga hatsi. An yi shi kusan kamar yadda maksym yake, sai dai maimakon a fermented, an gauraye shi da Ayeran don ya zama dan kadan.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2009}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Bozo abin sha ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka shirya daga alkama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan - popular drinks |url=http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine/drinks.htm |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=Advantour.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine.htm Abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o9grx5gek8wx44irlkwx2r57bicusb2 891751 891750 2026-08-05T19:56:34Z Alubaki 30448 /* Paloo */ 891751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}  [[Fayil:A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG|thumb|Wata mace ta Kyrgyz a cikin tufafin kasa tana isar da abincin Kyrgyz a Bishkek.]] [[Fayil:Beshbarmak1.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Beshbarmak]] Abinci na Kyrgyz shine '''Abincin Kyrgyz''', wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan jama'ar Kyrgyzstan. Abincin yana kama da na maƙwabtansu a fannoni da yawa. Abinci na gargajiya na Kyrgyz yana kewaye da ragon, naman sa da naman doki, da kuma kayayyakin madara daban-daban. Hanyoyin shirye-shirye da manyan sinadaran sun sami rinjaye sosai ta hanyar rayuwar nomadic ta al'umma. Don haka, dabaru da yawa na dafa abinci suna da kyau ga adana abinci na dogon lokaci. Mutton da naman sa sune nama da aka fi so, kodayake a zamanin yau yawancin Kyrgyz ba sa iya samun su a kai a kai. Kyrgyzstan gida ce ga kasashe da yawa da kuma abincin su daban-daban. A cikin manyan birane, kamar [[Bishkek]], Osh, Jalal-Abad, da Karakol, ana iya samun abinci daban-daban na kasa da kasa. Abinci da ba na Kyrgyz ba wanda ya zama ruwan dare kuma ya shahara a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da abincin Uighur, Dungan, Uzbek, da Turkiyya, wanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan 'yan tsiraru a kasar. == Abincin nama == Nama a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban koyaushe yana da muhimmiyar ɓangare na abincin Kyrgyz. Daga cikin shahararrun abincin nama sune sausages na naman doki (qazı ko Chuchuk), hanta na tumaki, beshbarmak (abinci da ke dauke da nama da aka dafa da kuma yanka tare da noodles), da sauran kayan lambu da aka yi da naman doki. === Beshbarmak === ''Beshbarmak'' shine abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz, kodayake ya zama ruwan dare a [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] da Xinjiang (inda ake kira narin). Ya ƙunshi nama na doki (ko ragon / naman sa) da aka tafasa a cikin sa'o'i da yawa kuma aka yi amfani da shi a kan noodles na gida da aka yayyafa da parsley. ''Beshbarmak'' yana nufin "ƙafafu biyar" a cikin [[Yaren Kyrgyzstan|Harshen Kyrgyz]], kuma ana kiransa haka mai yiwuwa saboda yawanci ana cin abincin da hannu. Ana yin Beshbarmak sau da yawa a lokacin biki don bikin haihuwar sabon yaro, muhimmiyar ranar haihuwar, ko kuma yin makoki game da mutuwar a cikin iyali, ko dai a jana'izar ko a ranar tunawa. Idan an yi amfani da ragon maimakon nama na doki, ana sanya kan tumaki a kan teburin a gaban baƙon da aka fi girmamawa, wanda ke yanke raguwa da sassa daga kai kuma ya ba da su ga sauran baƙi a teburin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyztan (sic) Cuisine |url=http://www.kyrgyz.net.my/cuisine-kyrgyztan.html |access-date=16 February 2015 |website=Kyrgyzstan.net.my}}</ref> === Dimlama === Dimlama stew ne wanda ya kunshi nama, dankali, albasa, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. === Kuurdak === Kuurdak yana daya daga cikin manyan abincin nama. === Shashlik === Shashlik, sassan tumaki da aka gasa a kan gawayi masu shan sigari waɗanda suka zo tare da albasa da aka yanka, ana ba da su a gidajen cin abinci kuma galibi ana sayar da su a kan titi. Ana yawan yin naman sa'o'i kafin a dafa shi. Hakanan ana iya yin Shashlyk daga naman sa, kaza, da kifi. Kowane shashlik yawanci yana da rabo mai-da-nama na ɗaya-da-daya. === Shorpo === Shorpo (ko ''sorpo'') miya ne na nama. === Laghman === Laghman abinci ne wanda ya kunshi nama, kayan lambu da kuma noodles. === Paloo === [[Fayil:Paloo_cooking_in_a_Kazan.jpg|thumb|Cutar dafa abinci]] ''Paloo'' (Kyrgyz: палоо ko күрүч/аш) shine nau'in Kyrgyz na abin da ake kira plov a cikin abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ya ƙunshi guntun nama (galibi naman rago ko naman sa, amma wani lokacin kaza) a soya a cikin babban kasko na qazan (ƙaskon ƙarfe mai siminti) sannan a gauraya da karas da aka soya, jiucai (tafarnuwa chives) da shinkafa da aka dafa. Ana ƙawata abincin da tafarnuwa da aka soya gaba ɗaya da barkono ja mai zafi. Ana yin Uzgen paloo da shinkafar da aka noma a yankin daga gundumar Uzgen ta kudu ta Kyrgyzstan. Shirin paloo, dangi na shirin plov a cikin abincin Azerbaijani abinci ne na masu cin ganyayyaki wanda ake maye gurbin nama da 'ya'yan itatuwa busassu, kamar prunes, apricots, da zabibi. Paloo shine nau'in Kyrgyzified na kalmar Farisa ''''polo'''' ko polo, wanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin lissafi zuwa pilaf . A cikin R''ash'' ana kiran abincin ''Plov'' (Russian), a cikin Turkiyya ''pilav'', a cikin yarukan Turkic ash, kuma a cikin Tajik osh. == Noodles da dumplings == [[Fayil:E7869-Dordoy-Bazaar.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gidajen cin abinci da yawa a Bishkek suna tallata "Kayan abinci na Dungan" (Kayan abinci ya Dungan, ''Dunganskaya kukhnya'') ]] ''Manty'' kayan kwalliya ne da aka cika da nama da albasa. ''[[Samsa (abinci)|Samsa]]'' ƙananan aljihu ne tare da nama da kayan lambu da aka lulluɓe a cikin burodi ko burodi, kama da samosas na Indiya. Sau da yawa ana cika su da ragon rago da kitse, amma kuma ana yin su da kaza, cuku, kabewa, naman sa, har ma da kabewa. Ana iya siyan su a yawancin kasuwanni ko a kusurwoyin tituna a manyan birane. ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Lyghman]''(food) Lagman (ko laghman) sanannen abincin noodle ne. Ya ƙunshi noodles masu kauri waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar shimfiɗa gurasar gari mai sauƙi, sannan a rufe shi da albasa da sauran kayan lambu kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin sauce mai ɗanɗano. Ana ba da Lagman a ko'ina a Kyrgyzstan, amma ana ɗaukarsa abincin Dungan ko Uighur. == Gurasa da shayi == [[Fayil:E7870-dordoy-laghman-crop-768.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Abincin mai sauƙi a wani karamin gidan cin abinci na Dungan- (Huizu-) a Dordoy Bazaar, Bishkek. Laghman (abinci na noodle), salatin, burodi, da shayi.]] [[Fayil:Тандырные_лепёшки_на_рынке.jpg|left|thumb|Naan a kasuwa a Osh]] Nau'ikan burodi na yau da kullun (Kyrgyz: нан [{{IPA|nɑn}}]) da ake samu a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da gurasar [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] (), da kuma gurasar Turkiyya mai kauri, mai ƙarfi. Ana dafa gurasar Asiya ta Tsakiya a kan gawayi a cikin tanda na Tandoori (Kyrgyz: тандыр [{{IPA|tɑndɯr}}]) kuma yana da zagaye kuma yana da faɗi. Ƙarin kayan burodi na gargajiya sun haɗa da Катhama da boorsoq, nau'ikan burodi guda biyu. Sau da yawa Kyrgyz suna cin burodi daban-daban ta hanyar tsoma su cikin jam, Kaymak, man shanu, ko makamantansu. Boorsoq wani lokacin ana cinye shi a cikin shayi, ko kuma a tsoma shi cikin zuma. Gurasa tana da daraja a matsayin mai tsarki a al'adun Kyrgyz, kuma mai karɓar bakuncin mai kyau koyaushe yana ba da gurasar baƙo aƙalla (sau da yawa tare da shayi), koda kuwa baƙon yana zaune ne kawai na 'yan lokatai. == Abin sha == [[Fayil:Mare_milking_Suusamyr.jpg|left|thumb|Ana amfani da madarar Mare don yin kymys]] Wani sanannen abin sha na Kyrgyz shine kymys (Kyrgyz), abin sha mai ɗanɗano wanda aka yi ta hanyar fermenting mare. Wannan abin sha ana ɗaukarsa abin sha ne na sa hannu na al'adun makiyaya na Turai da Asiya, kamar yadda ake cinye shi a Kazakhstan da Mongolia. Ana samun sabbin kymys ne kawai a lokacin rani, daga kimanin Mayu har zuwa Agusta, lokacin da za'a iya siyan su a gefen hanya a yankunan tsaunuka. Jarma irin wannan abin sha ne wanda aka samo daga hatsi. An yi shi kusan kamar yadda maksym yake, sai dai maimakon a fermented, an gauraye shi da Ayeran don ya zama dan kadan.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2009}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Bozo abin sha ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka shirya daga alkama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan - popular drinks |url=http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine/drinks.htm |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=Advantour.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine.htm Abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 57xqfpc7kjv2032u4vem5dj7kiw9rti 891752 891751 2026-08-05T19:56:59Z Alubaki 30448 891752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:A_Kyrgyz_woman.JPG|thumb|Wata mace ta Kyrgyz a cikin tufafin kasa tana isar da abincin Kyrgyz a Bishkek.]] [[Fayil:Beshbarmak1.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Beshbarmak]] Abinci na Kyrgyz shine '''Abincin Kyrgyz''', wanda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan jama'ar Kyrgyzstan. Abincin yana kama da na maƙwabtansu a fannoni da yawa. Abinci na gargajiya na Kyrgyz yana kewaye da ragon, naman sa da naman doki, da kuma kayayyakin madara daban-daban. Hanyoyin shirye-shirye da manyan sinadaran sun sami rinjaye sosai ta hanyar rayuwar nomadic ta al'umma. Don haka, dabaru da yawa na dafa abinci suna da kyau ga adana abinci na dogon lokaci. Mutton da naman sa sune nama da aka fi so, kodayake a zamanin yau yawancin Kyrgyz ba sa iya samun su a kai a kai. Kyrgyzstan gida ce ga kasashe da yawa da kuma abincin su daban-daban. A cikin manyan birane, kamar [[Bishkek]], Osh, Jalal-Abad, da Karakol, ana iya samun abinci daban-daban na kasa da kasa. Abinci da ba na Kyrgyz ba wanda ya zama ruwan dare kuma ya shahara a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da abincin Uighur, Dungan, Uzbek, da Turkiyya, wanda ke wakiltar mafi yawan 'yan tsiraru a kasar. == Abincin nama == Nama a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban koyaushe yana da muhimmiyar ɓangare na abincin Kyrgyz. Daga cikin shahararrun abincin nama sune sausages na naman doki (qazı ko Chuchuk), hanta na tumaki, beshbarmak (abinci da ke dauke da nama da aka dafa da kuma yanka tare da noodles), da sauran kayan lambu da aka yi da naman doki. === Beshbarmak === ''Beshbarmak'' shine abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz, kodayake ya zama ruwan dare a [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] da Xinjiang (inda ake kira narin). Ya ƙunshi nama na doki (ko ragon / naman sa) da aka tafasa a cikin sa'o'i da yawa kuma aka yi amfani da shi a kan noodles na gida da aka yayyafa da parsley. ''Beshbarmak'' yana nufin "ƙafafu biyar" a cikin [[Yaren Kyrgyzstan|Harshen Kyrgyz]], kuma ana kiransa haka mai yiwuwa saboda yawanci ana cin abincin da hannu. Ana yin Beshbarmak sau da yawa a lokacin biki don bikin haihuwar sabon yaro, muhimmiyar ranar haihuwar, ko kuma yin makoki game da mutuwar a cikin iyali, ko dai a jana'izar ko a ranar tunawa. Idan an yi amfani da ragon maimakon nama na doki, ana sanya kan tumaki a kan teburin a gaban baƙon da aka fi girmamawa, wanda ke yanke raguwa da sassa daga kai kuma ya ba da su ga sauran baƙi a teburin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyztan (sic) Cuisine |url=http://www.kyrgyz.net.my/cuisine-kyrgyztan.html |access-date=16 February 2015 |website=Kyrgyzstan.net.my}}</ref> === Dimlama === Dimlama stew ne wanda ya kunshi nama, dankali, albasa, kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa. === Kuurdak === Kuurdak yana daya daga cikin manyan abincin nama. === Shashlik === Shashlik, sassan tumaki da aka gasa a kan gawayi masu shan sigari waɗanda suka zo tare da albasa da aka yanka, ana ba da su a gidajen cin abinci kuma galibi ana sayar da su a kan titi. Ana yawan yin naman sa'o'i kafin a dafa shi. Hakanan ana iya yin Shashlyk daga naman sa, kaza, da kifi. Kowane shashlik yawanci yana da rabo mai-da-nama na ɗaya-da-daya. === Shorpo === Shorpo (ko ''sorpo'') miya ne na nama. === Laghman === Laghman abinci ne wanda ya kunshi nama, kayan lambu da kuma noodles. === Paloo === [[Fayil:Paloo_cooking_in_a_Kazan.jpg|thumb|Cutar dafa abinci]] ''Paloo'' (Kyrgyz: палоо ko күрүч/аш) shine nau'in Kyrgyz na abin da ake kira plov a cikin abincin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ya ƙunshi guntun nama (galibi naman rago ko naman sa, amma wani lokacin kaza) a soya a cikin babban kasko na qazan (ƙaskon ƙarfe mai siminti) sannan a gauraya da karas da aka soya, jiucai (tafarnuwa chives) da shinkafa da aka dafa. Ana ƙawata abincin da tafarnuwa da aka soya gaba ɗaya da barkono ja mai zafi. Ana yin Uzgen paloo da shinkafar da aka noma a yankin daga gundumar Uzgen ta kudu ta Kyrgyzstan. Shirin paloo, dangi na shirin plov a cikin abincin Azerbaijani abinci ne na masu cin ganyayyaki wanda ake maye gurbin nama da 'ya'yan itatuwa busassu, kamar prunes, apricots, da zabibi. Paloo shine nau'in Kyrgyzified na kalmar Farisa ''''polo'''' ko polo, wanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin lissafi zuwa pilaf . A cikin R''ash'' ana kiran abincin ''Plov'' (Russian), a cikin Turkiyya ''pilav'', a cikin yarukan Turkic ash, kuma a cikin Tajik osh. == Noodles da dumplings == [[Fayil:E7869-Dordoy-Bazaar.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Gidajen cin abinci da yawa a Bishkek suna tallata "Kayan abinci na Dungan" (Kayan abinci ya Dungan, ''Dunganskaya kukhnya'') ]] ''Manty'' kayan kwalliya ne da aka cika da nama da albasa. ''[[Samsa (abinci)|Samsa]]'' ƙananan aljihu ne tare da nama da kayan lambu da aka lulluɓe a cikin burodi ko burodi, kama da samosas na Indiya. Sau da yawa ana cika su da ragon rago da kitse, amma kuma ana yin su da kaza, cuku, kabewa, naman sa, har ma da kabewa. Ana iya siyan su a yawancin kasuwanni ko a kusurwoyin tituna a manyan birane. ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Lyghman]''(food) Lagman (ko laghman) sanannen abincin noodle ne. Ya ƙunshi noodles masu kauri waɗanda aka kirkira ta hanyar shimfiɗa gurasar gari mai sauƙi, sannan a rufe shi da albasa da sauran kayan lambu kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin sauce mai ɗanɗano. Ana ba da Lagman a ko'ina a Kyrgyzstan, amma ana ɗaukarsa abincin Dungan ko Uighur. == Gurasa da shayi == [[Fayil:E7870-dordoy-laghman-crop-768.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Abincin mai sauƙi a wani karamin gidan cin abinci na Dungan- (Huizu-) a Dordoy Bazaar, Bishkek. Laghman (abinci na noodle), salatin, burodi, da shayi.]] [[Fayil:Тандырные_лепёшки_на_рынке.jpg|left|thumb|Naan a kasuwa a Osh]] Nau'ikan burodi na yau da kullun (Kyrgyz: нан [{{IPA|nɑn}}]) da ake samu a Kyrgyzstan sun haɗa da gurasar [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]] (), da kuma gurasar Turkiyya mai kauri, mai ƙarfi. Ana dafa gurasar Asiya ta Tsakiya a kan gawayi a cikin tanda na Tandoori (Kyrgyz: тандыр [{{IPA|tɑndɯr}}]) kuma yana da zagaye kuma yana da faɗi. Ƙarin kayan burodi na gargajiya sun haɗa da Катhama da boorsoq, nau'ikan burodi guda biyu. Sau da yawa Kyrgyz suna cin burodi daban-daban ta hanyar tsoma su cikin jam, Kaymak, man shanu, ko makamantansu. Boorsoq wani lokacin ana cinye shi a cikin shayi, ko kuma a tsoma shi cikin zuma. Gurasa tana da daraja a matsayin mai tsarki a al'adun Kyrgyz, kuma mai karɓar bakuncin mai kyau koyaushe yana ba da gurasar baƙo aƙalla (sau da yawa tare da shayi), koda kuwa baƙon yana zaune ne kawai na 'yan lokatai. == Abin sha == [[Fayil:Mare_milking_Suusamyr.jpg|left|thumb|Ana amfani da madarar Mare don yin kymys]] Wani sanannen abin sha na Kyrgyz shine kymys (Kyrgyz), abin sha mai ɗanɗano wanda aka yi ta hanyar fermenting mare. Wannan abin sha ana ɗaukarsa abin sha ne na sa hannu na al'adun makiyaya na Turai da Asiya, kamar yadda ake cinye shi a Kazakhstan da Mongolia. Ana samun sabbin kymys ne kawai a lokacin rani, daga kimanin Mayu har zuwa Agusta, lokacin da za'a iya siyan su a gefen hanya a yankunan tsaunuka. Jarma irin wannan abin sha ne wanda aka samo daga hatsi. An yi shi kusan kamar yadda maksym yake, sai dai maimakon a fermented, an gauraye shi da Ayeran don ya zama dan kadan.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2009}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Bozo abin sha ne mai ɗanɗano wanda aka shirya daga alkama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan - popular drinks |url=http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine/drinks.htm |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=Advantour.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.advantour.com/kyrgyzstan/cuisine.htm Abincin ƙasar Kyrgyz] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a388xsy0ua0dy8iqzb8fay7xle2myoq 3 162795 891757 2026-08-05T21:23:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891757 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abelchristian111! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abelchristian111|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5j8952etqxzqnkgpkgwysh4wd8d4e8h 3 162796 891758 2026-08-05T21:23:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891758 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Agloforto! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Agloforto|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) j7crngn57vy61gi17ojprer4bekdbjj 3 162797 891759 2026-08-05T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891759 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Keldara! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Keldara|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) rlo3bdzr1k9b51xl07w7ul8z40rc2sc 3 162798 891760 2026-08-05T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891760 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Omal4love! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Omal4love|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 7sttl8glmxgtp4m8tx92ltfska6taoc 3 162799 891761 2026-08-05T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891761 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Totophili! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Totophili|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) t5l0544jq1qc4fxgt32tgdx3i6lvqzl 3 162800 891762 2026-08-05T21:24:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891762 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Username1753! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Username1753|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5bfjk6sgftypimrvyoqlp2aaxu0lngs 3 162801 891763 2026-08-05T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891763 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hagazin444! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hagazin444|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) hjuzkoxz069pxo6tsgt4223fs732mr7 3 162802 891764 2026-08-05T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891764 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Muryar Ilimi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Muryar Ilimi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 2kzixp39bjukujocj80cnvws2kpw903 3 162803 891765 2026-08-05T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891765 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mayten7! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mayten7|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) isl4vg8fohp2czyrfmn0i9sbdvvkx5y 3 162804 891766 2026-08-05T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891766 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, YASEER EBRAHIM! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/YASEER EBRAHIM|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) n78yza6qjuxp48fccfi1jgjy7n60c2g 3 162805 891767 2026-08-05T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891767 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zaharaddeen Jibrin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zaharaddeen Jibrin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) b1stf5cx5x373qq0asqssbziujwk2wo 3 162806 891768 2026-08-05T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891768 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SunloungerFrog! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SunloungerFrog|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) ltfs4d0bakvbi5g18dlet0cq568zbvl 3 162807 891769 2026-08-05T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891769 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Istiklol07! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Istiklol07|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 7chp1dyeabajso0d62ki58mzx18vo9l 3 162808 891770 2026-08-05T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891770 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bbasharisaad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bbasharisaad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) nw7bk4upu0a1d4mkya8cndigxwj8sqg 3 162809 891771 2026-08-05T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891771 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Arlorecruitz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Arlorecruitz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 17r27v8jvtw4dt32cemmf9sqsmhg1cx 3 162810 891772 2026-08-05T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891772 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Albert SN! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Albert SN|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) azlubgu1o6871hkvlpkmaqcnq4kj5jt 3 162811 891773 2026-08-05T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891773 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Helloiamback! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Helloiamback|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) l0v7otcykwth1qtn5b8juqdv4sza73t 3 162812 891774 2026-08-05T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891774 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JMDAHATMUL2026! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JMDAHATMUL2026|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) q5qyx1mb2rwdofztfe2dl7t4joqj3ul 3 162813 891775 2026-08-05T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891775 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Baballe202! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Baballe202|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) inxcb59006mjgv1olfn2nzik54v2omk 3 162814 891776 2026-08-05T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891776 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Valerie Bohince! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Valerie Bohince|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 5tb3yaimy7kn2rzu5eppz5lej7c71ej 3 162815 891777 2026-08-05T21:26:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891777 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, СоколовМихаил! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/СоколовМихаил|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) noh3to1x3zrl02g01zqlzdju8s8a259 3 162816 891778 2026-08-05T21:26:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891778 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ian7734! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ian7734|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 6d3cdr73wuyae8tciul42j0iquxukbl 3 162817 891779 2026-08-05T21:26:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891779 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mercy Kenneth! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mercy Kenneth|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) rvpj6nv0gwc4mo3ey31afqo7kq00cyg 3 162818 891780 2026-08-05T21:27:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 891780 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AntiImperialPlanetologist! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AntiImperialPlanetologist|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 5 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 8dl1c2ia8uykoxlgwd1nfeiqfbvmayv 0 162819 891830 2026-08-06T02:00:07Z Maryamharha 47627 Harka 891830 wikitext text/x-wiki WhatsApp business oe7e653yq86kdyaoigriyhvdwtzimmc 891950 891830 2026-08-06T09:13:47Z A09 23573 Requesting deletion ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]] v3.1c) 891950 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{delete|1=Test page <small>[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:TenWhile6/XReport|XReport]]</small>}}</noinclude> WhatsApp business 6jxyv81ld42k8zb4895nmfg0butfwy3 0 162820 891886 2026-08-06T05:55:56Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367954337|Tuirini]]" 891886 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Kogin Tuirini |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Tuirini_River.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Tuirini <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2018&#x2009;</span></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Wurin da yake |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[India|Indiya]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Jiha | class="infobox-data" |[[Mizoram]], [[Assam]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Birane | class="infobox-data" |[[Aizawl]], [[Lunglei]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Halayen jiki&nbsp; |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&#x2022; tsawo&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |1,060 m (3,480 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Bakin | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&#x2022; wurin&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |Hmangkawn |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&#x2022; tsawo&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |1,060 m (3,480 ft) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data" |54.5 km (33.9 mi) &nbsp;&nbsp; |} '''Tuirini''' wani kogi ne na [[Mizoram]], arewa maso gabashin [[Indiya]] . Kogin yana da tsawon kimanin kilomita 54.5 (mil 33.9). Ya samo asali ne daga ƙauyen Hmangkawn da ke gundumar Aizawl. Yana kwarara zuwa arewa don shiga Kogin Tuirial a arewa maso yammacin Seling. Yana da nisan kilomita 55 daga Aizawl.<ref>{{Cite web |title=3.1.2 Tuirini watershed |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67992/10/10_chapter%203.pdf |access-date=27 November 2018 |website=Shodhganga}}</ref> &nbsp;Ya zuwa 2018, ana shirin aikin Hydel na 42 MW a Kogin Tuirini . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Independence Day ropui taka lawm a ni |url=http://www.vanglaini.org/tualchhung/87776 |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=Vanglaini}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fz565p2u1g3ytrrovsoccq2cruppwle 0 162821 891902 2026-08-06T06:39:52Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1279676341|Julekake]]" 891902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Julekake_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Julekake tare da 'ya'yan inabi da Sucade]] [[Fayil:Julebrød.jpg|thumb|Julekake a matsayin burodi na Kirsimeti (''julebrød''), abincin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a Norway.]] '''My phone number is the same shi I want you to know what is the best way Julekake''' cake ne na Kirsimeti na Norway. Kayan yisti ne da aka yi da man shanu da sukari, an dafa shi da [[cardamom]], kuma yana dauke da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, da almonds. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "gurasa ta Kirsimeti" maimakon kek. Ana iya cinye shi da dumi, ko kuma a gasa shi kuma a ba shi da man shanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Christmas Bread (Julekake) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/julekake-norwegian-christmas-bread-recipe-305849}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Ana yin kek ɗin ta hanyar haɗa sukari tare da madara mai laushi, gishiri, da cardamom sannan a ƙara yisti zuwa cakuda, sannan oats, man shanu, da kwai. Bayan an ninka garin tare da busassun 'ya'yan itace, ana shafa gurasar da man shanu, sannan a ajiye ta don tashi. Akwai tasowa biyu. == Duba kuma == * 'Ya'yan itace * Gurasar Limpa * Stollen == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} q7uehjlqr9jcbn6dv5q0kvulqacrn8c 891903 891902 2026-08-06T06:40:37Z Alubaki 30448 891903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Julekake_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Julekake tare da 'ya'yan inabi da Sucade]] [[Fayil:Julebrød.jpg|thumb|Julekake a matsayin burodi na Kirsimeti (''julebrød''), abincin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a Norway.]] '''Julekake''' cake ne na Kirsimeti na Norway. Kayan yisti ne da aka yi da man shanu da sukari, an dafa shi da [[cardamom]], kuma yana dauke da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, da almonds. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "gurasa ta Kirsimeti" maimakon kek. Ana iya cinye shi da dumi, ko kuma a gasa shi kuma a ba shi da man shanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Christmas Bread (Julekake) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/julekake-norwegian-christmas-bread-recipe-305849}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Ana yin kek ɗin ta hanyar haɗa sukari tare da madara mai laushi, gishiri, da cardamom sannan a ƙara yisti zuwa cakuda, sannan oats, man shanu, da kwai. Bayan an ninka garin tare da busassun 'ya'yan itace, ana shafa gurasar da man shanu, sannan a ajiye ta don tashi. Akwai tasowa biyu. == Duba kuma == * 'Ya'yan itace * Gurasar Limpa * Stollen == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} c2ro68pke5j43my8o5wangdumduareu 891904 891903 2026-08-06T06:42:50Z Alubaki 30448 /* Shirye-shirye */ 891904 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Julekake_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Julekake tare da 'ya'yan inabi da Sucade]] [[Fayil:Julebrød.jpg|thumb|Julekake a matsayin burodi na Kirsimeti (''julebrød''), abincin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a Norway.]] '''Julekake''' cake ne na Kirsimeti na Norway. Kayan yisti ne da aka yi da man shanu da sukari, an dafa shi da [[cardamom]], kuma yana dauke da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, da almonds. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "gurasa ta Kirsimeti" maimakon kek. Ana iya cinye shi da dumi, ko kuma a gasa shi kuma a ba shi da man shanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Christmas Bread (Julekake) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/julekake-norwegian-christmas-bread-recipe-305849}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Ana yin kek ɗin ta hanyar haɗa sukari tare da madara mai laushi, gishiri, da cardamom sannan a ƙara yisti zuwa cakuda, sannan oats, man shanu, da kwai. Bayan an ninka garin tare da busassun 'ya'yan itace, ana shafa gurasar da man shanu, sannan a ajiye ta don tashi. Akwai tasowa biyu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Julekake, Norwegian Bread Made to Serve at Christmas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60315546/julekake/ |accessdate=1 October 2020 |agency=Casper Morning Star |date=December 18, 1953}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * 'Ya'yan itace * Gurasar Limpa * Stollen == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} g429djp2iavuv98ylvvkwiv9kiog949 891906 891904 2026-08-06T06:44:47Z Alubaki 30448 891906 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Julekake_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Julekake tare da 'ya'yan inabi da Sucade]] [[Fayil:Julebrød.jpg|thumb|Julekake a matsayin burodi na Kirsimeti (''julebrød''), abincin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a Norway.]] '''Julekake''' cake ne na Kirsimeti na Norway. Kayan yisti ne da aka yi da man shanu da sukari, an dafa shi da [[cardamom]], kuma yana dauke da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, da almonds. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "gurasa ta Kirsimeti" maimakon kek.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fieldhouse |first=Paul |title=The World Religions Cookbook |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=36}}</ref> Ana iya cinye shi da dumi, ko kuma a gasa shi kuma a ba shi da man shanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Christmas Bread (Julekake) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/julekake-norwegian-christmas-bread-recipe-305849}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Ana yin kek ɗin ta hanyar haɗa sukari tare da madara mai laushi, gishiri, da cardamom sannan a ƙara yisti zuwa cakuda, sannan oats, man shanu, da kwai. Bayan an ninka garin tare da busassun 'ya'yan itace, ana shafa gurasar da man shanu, sannan a ajiye ta don tashi. Akwai tasowa biyu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Julekake, Norwegian Bread Made to Serve at Christmas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60315546/julekake/ |accessdate=1 October 2020 |agency=Casper Morning Star |date=December 18, 1953}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * 'Ya'yan itace * Gurasar Limpa * Stollen == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cd4jt8anskqf2usgdaxa76br77oboep 891907 891906 2026-08-06T06:45:26Z Alubaki 30448 891907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Julekake_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Julekake tare da 'ya'yan inabi da Sucade]] [[Fayil:Julebrød.jpg|thumb|Julekake a matsayin burodi na Kirsimeti (''julebrød''), abincin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a Norway.]] '''Julekake''' cake ne na Kirsimeti na Norway. Kayan yisti ne da aka yi da man shanu da sukari, an dafa shi da [[cardamom]], kuma yana dauke da 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi, da almonds. Wani lokaci ana kiranta "gurasa ta Kirsimeti" maimakon kek.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fieldhouse |first=Paul |title=The World Religions Cookbook |publisher=Greenwood Press |page=36}}</ref> Ana iya cinye shi da dumi, ko kuma a gasa shi kuma a ba shi da man shanu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norwegian Christmas Bread (Julekake) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/julekake-norwegian-christmas-bread-recipe-305849}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Ana yin kek ɗin ta hanyar haɗa sukari tare da madara mai laushi, gishiri, da cardamom sannan a ƙara yisti zuwa cakuda, sannan oats, man shanu, da kwai. Bayan an ninka garin tare da busassun 'ya'yan itace, ana shafa gurasar da man shanu, sannan a ajiye ta don tashi. Akwai tasowa biyu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Julekake, Norwegian Bread Made to Serve at Christmas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60315546/julekake/ |accessdate=1 October 2020 |agency=Casper Morning Star |date=December 18, 1953}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * 'Ya'yan itace * Gurasar Limpa * Stollen == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} j30l3p5rvoh88ka31nhgav6gwc2j32l 0 162822 891909 2026-08-06T06:56:23Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325707222|Lengua estofado]]" 891909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Lengua estofado|image=[[File:Cafe Roces Lengua.jpg|250px]]<br>[[File:Lengua (Filipino cuisine) 28.jpg|250px]]|caption='''Top:''' Lengua estofado in a tomato-based sauce, with olives, bell peppers, and mushrooms<br>'''Bottom:''' Lengua estofado in a cream-based white sauce, with potatoes, mushrooms, and [[Vienna sausage]]s}}My WhatsApp account din is not working today how are you to draft a brief description of my project titled Building a New York City a yanzu a his wife and I will be there in a few minutes Lengua estofado (lit. "shuka shinkafa" a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]), wani lokacin ana kiranta lengua estofada ko kawai lengua, abinci ne na Filipino wanda ya kunshi '''Harshen''' naman sa a cikin sauce mai dadi tare da saba saba saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya samo asali ne daga irin wannan abincin Mutanen Espanya da Latin Amurka estofado de lengua amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sinadaran. Abincin ya shahara a cikin abincin yankin na mutanen Kapampangan, Ilonggo, da Negrense. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya shi don abincin dare na Kirsimeti da sauran lokatai na musamman. == Bayyanawa == Shirye-shiryen lengua estofado suna da bambanci sosai, daga shirye-shiryen da suka yi kama da na asali na estofado de lengua zuwa nau'ikan da ke amfani da sinadaran musamman ga Philippines. Wani kamanceceniya tsakanin girke-girke daban-daban na lengua estofado a cikin Philippines shine cewa suna amfani da soy sauce, vinegar, da [[sukari]] don soya, waɗanda ba su cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya ba.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Lengua (beef tongue) estofado |url=https://umamidays.com/lengua-beef-tongue-estofado/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Umami Days}}</ref> Mafi bambancin lengua estofado ana samunsa a cikin abincin Ilonggo a tsibirin Yammacin Visayas. Yawanci yana amfani da sauce da aka yi da Muscovado ko launin ruwan kasa, [[Ruwan Kal|ruwan inabi na kwakwa]] (ko ruwan inabi, tubâ), baƙar fata, soya sauce, ganye, ruwan inafi na anisado, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, ban da harshen naman sa, yawanci sun haɗa da dankali, sassan pineapple, da kuma saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]]. Sauran girke-girke na lengua estofado sun fi kusa da fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Maimakon ayaba, yawanci suna ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma karoshi, zaitun, paprika, da kuma zaɓi, farin ruwan inabi. Sauce na iya zama na tumatir, a wannan yanayin shirye-shiryensa ya zama kama da sauran abincin Filipino kamar estofadong baboy da caldera. Za'a iya sauya ɓangaren naman sa tare da nama, gami da naman sa, awaki, naman alade, ko ma kaza.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMerano2016">Merano, Vanjo (December 23, 2016). [https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ "Lengua Estofado Recipe"]. ''Panlasang Pinoy''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Recipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Yummy.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=The Maya Kitchen}}</ref> == Sauran bambance-bambance == Lengua pastel daga Pampanga wani bambanci ne wanda aka dafa shi a cikin farin sauce mai laushi tare da maɓallin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masara.<ref name="ff">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Creamy Lengua Recipe (Pork Tongue) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/pork-lengua-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A cikin Bulacan, lengua Sevillana ko lengua a la Sevillana wani bambanci ne wanda ke ƙara sherry ko jan ruwan inabi zuwa sauce kuma yawanci ana cinye shi tare da bringhe.<ref name="Polistico" /> == Duba kuma == * Yankin Estofadong * Menudo (saki) * Mechado * Caldereta * Kayan kaza == Manazarta == {{Reflist|40em}} av2gisx8tdfjwn67dy6h98avamcxvuy 891911 891909 2026-08-06T07:05:12Z Alubaki 30448 891911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Lengua estofado|image=[[File:Cafe Roces Lengua.jpg|250px]]<br>[[File:Lengua (Filipino cuisine) 28.jpg|250px]]|caption='''Top:''' Lengua estofado in a tomato-based sauce, with olives, bell peppers, and mushrooms<br>'''Bottom:''' Lengua estofado in a cream-based white sauce, with potatoes, mushrooms, and [[Vienna sausage]]s}} Lengua estofado (lit. "shuka shinkafa" a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]), wani lokacin ana kiranta lengua estofada ko kawai lengua, abinci ne na Filipino wanda ya kunshi '''Harshen''' naman sa a cikin sauce mai dadi tare da saba saba saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya samo asali ne daga irin wannan abincin Mutanen Espanya da Latin Amurka estofado de lengua amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sinadaran. Abincin ya shahara a cikin abincin yankin na mutanen Kapampangan, Ilonggo, da Negrense. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya shi don abincin dare na Kirsimeti da sauran lokatai na musamman. == Bayyanawa == Shirye-shiryen lengua estofado suna da bambanci sosai, daga shirye-shiryen da suka yi kama da na asali na estofado de lengua zuwa nau'ikan da ke amfani da sinadaran musamman ga Philippines. Wani kamanceceniya tsakanin girke-girke daban-daban na lengua estofado a cikin Philippines shine cewa suna amfani da soy sauce, vinegar, da [[sukari]] don soya, waɗanda ba su cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya ba.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Lengua (beef tongue) estofado |url=https://umamidays.com/lengua-beef-tongue-estofado/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Umami Days}}</ref> Mafi bambancin lengua estofado ana samunsa a cikin abincin Ilonggo a tsibirin Yammacin Visayas. Yawanci yana amfani da sauce da aka yi da Muscovado ko launin ruwan kasa, [[Ruwan Kal|ruwan inabi na kwakwa]] (ko ruwan inabi, tubâ), baƙar fata, soya sauce, ganye, ruwan inafi na anisado, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, ban da harshen naman sa, yawanci sun haɗa da dankali, sassan pineapple, da kuma saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]]. Sauran girke-girke na lengua estofado sun fi kusa da fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Maimakon ayaba, yawanci suna ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma karoshi, zaitun, paprika, da kuma zaɓi, farin ruwan inabi. Sauce na iya zama na tumatir, a wannan yanayin shirye-shiryensa ya zama kama da sauran abincin Filipino kamar estofadong baboy da caldera. Za'a iya sauya ɓangaren naman sa tare da nama, gami da naman sa, awaki, naman alade, ko ma kaza.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMerano2016">Merano, Vanjo (December 23, 2016). [https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ "Lengua Estofado Recipe"]. ''Panlasang Pinoy''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Recipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Yummy.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=The Maya Kitchen}}</ref> == Sauran bambance-bambance == Lengua pastel daga Pampanga wani bambanci ne wanda aka dafa shi a cikin farin sauce mai laushi tare da maɓallin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masara.<ref name="ff">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Creamy Lengua Recipe (Pork Tongue) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/pork-lengua-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A cikin Bulacan, lengua Sevillana ko lengua a la Sevillana wani bambanci ne wanda ke ƙara sherry ko jan ruwan inabi zuwa sauce kuma yawanci ana cinye shi tare da bringhe.<ref name="Polistico" /> == Duba kuma == * Yankin Estofadong * Menudo (saki) * Mechado * Caldereta * Kayan kaza == Manazarta == {{Reflist|40em}} qfo9iyoijh8saum7xyp8nh1grpj8zi5 891912 891911 2026-08-06T07:08:18Z Alubaki 30448 /* Bayyanawa */ 891912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Lengua estofado|image=[[File:Cafe Roces Lengua.jpg|250px]]<br>[[File:Lengua (Filipino cuisine) 28.jpg|250px]]|caption='''Top:''' Lengua estofado in a tomato-based sauce, with olives, bell peppers, and mushrooms<br>'''Bottom:''' Lengua estofado in a cream-based white sauce, with potatoes, mushrooms, and [[Vienna sausage]]s}} Lengua estofado (lit. "shuka shinkafa" a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]), wani lokacin ana kiranta lengua estofada ko kawai lengua, abinci ne na Filipino wanda ya kunshi '''Harshen''' naman sa a cikin sauce mai dadi tare da saba saba saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya samo asali ne daga irin wannan abincin Mutanen Espanya da Latin Amurka estofado de lengua amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sinadaran. Abincin ya shahara a cikin abincin yankin na mutanen Kapampangan, Ilonggo, da Negrense. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya shi don abincin dare na Kirsimeti da sauran lokatai na musamman. == Bayyanawa == Shirye-shiryen lengua estofado suna da bambanci sosai, daga shirye-shiryen da suka yi kama da na asali na estofado de lengua zuwa nau'ikan da ke amfani da sinadaran musamman ga Philippines. Wani kamanceceniya tsakanin girke-girke daban-daban na lengua estofado a cikin Philippines shine cewa suna amfani da soy sauce, vinegar, da [[sukari]] don soya, waɗanda ba su cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya ba.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Lengua (beef tongue) estofado |url=https://umamidays.com/lengua-beef-tongue-estofado/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Umami Days}}</ref> Mafi bambancin lengua estofado ana samunsa a cikin abincin Ilonggo a tsibirin Yammacin Visayas. Yawanci yana amfani da sauce da aka yi da Muscovado ko launin ruwan kasa, [[Ruwan Kal|ruwan inabi na kwakwa]] (ko ruwan inabi, tubâ), baƙar fata, soya sauce, ganye, ruwan inafi na anisado, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, ban da harshen naman sa, yawanci sun haɗa da dankali, sassan pineapple, da kuma saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]]. Sauran girke-girke na lengua estofado sun fi kusa da fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Maimakon ayaba, yawanci suna ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma karoshi, zaitun, paprika, da kuma zaɓi, farin ruwan inabi. Sauce na iya zama na tumatir, a wannan yanayin shirye-shiryensa ya zama kama da sauran abincin Filipino kamar estofadong baboy da caldera. Za'a iya sauya ɓangaren naman sa tare da nama, gami da naman sa, awaki, naman alade, ko ma kaza.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Recipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Yummy.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=The Maya Kitchen}}</ref> == Sauran bambance-bambance == Lengua pastel daga Pampanga wani bambanci ne wanda aka dafa shi a cikin farin sauce mai laushi tare da maɓallin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masara.<ref name="ff">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Creamy Lengua Recipe (Pork Tongue) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/pork-lengua-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A cikin Bulacan, lengua Sevillana ko lengua a la Sevillana wani bambanci ne wanda ke ƙara sherry ko jan ruwan inabi zuwa sauce kuma yawanci ana cinye shi tare da bringhe.<ref name="Polistico" /> == Duba kuma == * Yankin Estofadong * Menudo (saki) * Mechado * Caldereta * Kayan kaza == Manazarta == {{Reflist|40em}} 97h07a0e4xt1lz3mek5v2wuwu1jjmg5 891913 891912 2026-08-06T07:09:31Z Alubaki 30448 /* Sauran bambance-bambance */ 891913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Lengua estofado|image=[[File:Cafe Roces Lengua.jpg|250px]]<br>[[File:Lengua (Filipino cuisine) 28.jpg|250px]]|caption='''Top:''' Lengua estofado in a tomato-based sauce, with olives, bell peppers, and mushrooms<br>'''Bottom:''' Lengua estofado in a cream-based white sauce, with potatoes, mushrooms, and [[Vienna sausage]]s}} Lengua estofado (lit. "shuka shinkafa" a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]), wani lokacin ana kiranta lengua estofada ko kawai lengua, abinci ne na Filipino wanda ya kunshi '''Harshen''' naman sa a cikin sauce mai dadi tare da saba saba saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya samo asali ne daga irin wannan abincin Mutanen Espanya da Latin Amurka estofado de lengua amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sinadaran. Abincin ya shahara a cikin abincin yankin na mutanen Kapampangan, Ilonggo, da Negrense. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya shi don abincin dare na Kirsimeti da sauran lokatai na musamman. == Bayyanawa == Shirye-shiryen lengua estofado suna da bambanci sosai, daga shirye-shiryen da suka yi kama da na asali na estofado de lengua zuwa nau'ikan da ke amfani da sinadaran musamman ga Philippines. Wani kamanceceniya tsakanin girke-girke daban-daban na lengua estofado a cikin Philippines shine cewa suna amfani da soy sauce, vinegar, da [[sukari]] don soya, waɗanda ba su cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya ba.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Lengua (beef tongue) estofado |url=https://umamidays.com/lengua-beef-tongue-estofado/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Umami Days}}</ref> Mafi bambancin lengua estofado ana samunsa a cikin abincin Ilonggo a tsibirin Yammacin Visayas. Yawanci yana amfani da sauce da aka yi da Muscovado ko launin ruwan kasa, [[Ruwan Kal|ruwan inabi na kwakwa]] (ko ruwan inabi, tubâ), baƙar fata, soya sauce, ganye, ruwan inafi na anisado, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, ban da harshen naman sa, yawanci sun haɗa da dankali, sassan pineapple, da kuma saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]]. Sauran girke-girke na lengua estofado sun fi kusa da fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Maimakon ayaba, yawanci suna ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma karoshi, zaitun, paprika, da kuma zaɓi, farin ruwan inabi. Sauce na iya zama na tumatir, a wannan yanayin shirye-shiryensa ya zama kama da sauran abincin Filipino kamar estofadong baboy da caldera. Za'a iya sauya ɓangaren naman sa tare da nama, gami da naman sa, awaki, naman alade, ko ma kaza.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Recipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Yummy.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=The Maya Kitchen}}</ref> == Sauran bambance-bambance == Lengua pastel daga Pampanga wani bambanci ne wanda aka dafa shi a cikin farin sauce mai laushi tare da maɓallin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masara.<ref name="ff">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Creamy Lengua Recipe (Pork Tongue) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/pork-lengua-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A cikin Bulacan, lengua Sevillana ko lengua a la Sevillana wani bambanci ne wanda ke ƙara sherry ko jan ruwan inabi zuwa sauce kuma yawanci ana cinye shi tare da bringhe.<ref name="Merano"/><ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |website=Recipedia |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alvarez |first1=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |website=Yummy.ph |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="David-Gallardo">{{cite book |last1=David-Gallardo |first1=Blanche |title=The Expat Kitchen A Cookbook for The Global Pinoy |date=2017 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Incorporated |isbn=9786214200740}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |website=The Maya Kitchen |date=November 26, 2020 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Yankin Estofadong * Menudo (saki) * Mechado * Caldereta * Kayan kaza == Manazarta == {{Reflist|40em}} tuv337dfze8zdfiw9cqae3lfjbdaik1 891914 891913 2026-08-06T07:11:06Z Alubaki 30448 891914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Lengua estofado|image=[[File:Cafe Roces Lengua.jpg|250px]]<br>[[File:Lengua (Filipino cuisine) 28.jpg|250px]]|caption='''Top:''' Lengua estofado in a tomato-based sauce, with olives, bell peppers, and mushrooms<br>'''Bottom:''' Lengua estofado in a cream-based white sauce, with potatoes, mushrooms, and [[Vienna sausage]]s}} Lengua estofado (lit. "shuka shinkafa" a cikin [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]]), wani lokacin ana kiranta lengua estofada ko kawai lengua, abinci ne na Filipino wanda ya kunshi '''Harshen''' naman sa a cikin sauce mai dadi tare da saba saba saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]], [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya samo asali ne daga irin wannan abincin Mutanen Espanya da Latin Amurka estofado de lengua amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin sinadaran. Abincin ya shahara a cikin abincin yankin na mutanen Kapampangan, Ilonggo, da Negrense. Yawancin lokaci ana shirya shi don abincin dare na Kirsimeti da sauran lokatai na musamman.<ref name="Basbas">{{cite book |last1=Basbas |first1=Leonora D. |last2=Jamisal |first2=Belen M. |title=Learning & Living in the 21st Century II |date=2007 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712347856 |page=93}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Shirye-shiryen lengua estofado suna da bambanci sosai, daga shirye-shiryen da suka yi kama da na asali na estofado de lengua zuwa nau'ikan da ke amfani da sinadaran musamman ga Philippines. Wani kamanceceniya tsakanin girke-girke daban-daban na lengua estofado a cikin Philippines shine cewa suna amfani da soy sauce, vinegar, da [[sukari]] don soya, waɗanda ba su cikin fassarar Mutanen Espanya ba.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=Lengua (beef tongue) estofado |url=https://umamidays.com/lengua-beef-tongue-estofado/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Umami Days}}</ref> Mafi bambancin lengua estofado ana samunsa a cikin abincin Ilonggo a tsibirin Yammacin Visayas. Yawanci yana amfani da sauce da aka yi da Muscovado ko launin ruwan kasa, [[Ruwan Kal|ruwan inabi na kwakwa]] (ko ruwan inabi, tubâ), baƙar fata, soya sauce, ganye, ruwan inafi na anisado, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Abubuwan da ke ciki, ban da harshen naman sa, yawanci sun haɗa da dankali, sassan pineapple, da kuma saba [[Ayaban Saba|saba ayaba]]. Sauran girke-girke na lengua estofado sun fi kusa da fassarar Mutanen Espanya. Maimakon ayaba, yawanci suna ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma karoshi, zaitun, paprika, da kuma zaɓi, farin ruwan inabi. Sauce na iya zama na tumatir, a wannan yanayin shirye-shiryensa ya zama kama da sauran abincin Filipino kamar estofadong baboy da caldera. Za'a iya sauya ɓangaren naman sa tare da nama, gami da naman sa, awaki, naman alade, ko ma kaza.<ref name="Merano">{{Cite web |last=Merano |first=Vanjo |date=December 23, 2016 |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://panlasangpinoy.com/lengua-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Panlasang Pinoy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Recipedia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Alvarez |first=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Yummy.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2020 |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=The Maya Kitchen}}</ref> == Sauran bambance-bambance == Lengua pastel daga Pampanga wani bambanci ne wanda aka dafa shi a cikin farin sauce mai laushi tare da maɓallin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masara.<ref name="ff">{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2019 |title=Creamy Lengua Recipe (Pork Tongue) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/pork-lengua-recipe/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A cikin Bulacan, lengua Sevillana ko lengua a la Sevillana wani bambanci ne wanda ke ƙara sherry ko jan ruwan inabi zuwa sauce kuma yawanci ana cinye shi tare da bringhe.<ref name="Merano"/><ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Beef Estofado? |url=https://www.recipedia.com/en-ph/articles/beef-estofado-recipe/ |website=Recipedia |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alvarez |first1=Lhas |title=Lengua Estofado Recipe |url=https://www.yummy.ph/recipe/lengua-estofado-recipe |website=Yummy.ph |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref><ref name="David-Gallardo">{{cite book |last1=David-Gallardo |first1=Blanche |title=The Expat Kitchen A Cookbook for The Global Pinoy |date=2017 |publisher=Anvil Publishing, Incorporated |isbn=9786214200740}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lengua Estofada |url=https://themayakitchen.com/lengua-estofada/ |website=The Maya Kitchen |date=November 26, 2020 |access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Yankin Estofadong * Menudo (saki) * Mechado * Caldereta * Kayan kaza == Manazarta == {{Reflist|40em}} k05s50t5am6yonjnt2h690sebke8jk9 0 162823 891926 2026-08-06T07:38:12Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358765273|Álvaro Morte]]" 891926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Álvaro Antonio García Pérez'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=Álvaro Morte, en el punto de mira |url=https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812140410/https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |archive-date=12 August 2022 |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=revistamine |language=es}}</ref> (born 23 February 1975), known professionally as '''Álvaro Morte''', is a Spanish actor. He gained worldwide recognition for playing the role of 'The Professor' in the television series ''Money Heist''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=Is La Casa De Papel aka Money Heist Season 4 the Final Season acc. to the Show Runner? Release Date, Plot, Cast & More |url=https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407150833/https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Union Journalism |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill-Paul |first=Lucas |date=2020-03-06 |title=Money Heist season 4: Berlin's shock return confirmed in all-new Netflix trailer |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813172259/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Express.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Morte briefly played Logain Ablar in the high fantasy series ''The Wheel of Time'' (2021–2023) and Adolfo Suárez in the historical drama miniseries ''The Anatomy of a Moment''. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] s1jgx3blce9eq3wt24w9yzksufg8mn8 891928 891926 2026-08-06T07:38:47Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358765273|Álvaro Morte]]" 891928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Álvaro Antonio García Pérez'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=Álvaro Morte, en el punto de mira |url=https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812140410/https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |archive-date=12 August 2022 |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=revistamine |language=es}}</ref> (born 23 February 1975), known professionally as '''Álvaro Morte''', is a Spanish actor. He gained worldwide recognition for playing the role of 'The Professor' in the television series ''Money Heist''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=Is La Casa De Papel aka Money Heist Season 4 the Final Season acc. to the Show Runner? Release Date, Plot, Cast & More |url=https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407150833/https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Union Journalism |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill-Paul |first=Lucas |date=2020-03-06 |title=Money Heist season 4: Berlin's shock return confirmed in all-new Netflix trailer |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813172259/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Express.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Morte briefly played Logain Ablar in the high fantasy series ''The Wheel of Time'' (2021–2023) and Adolfo Suárez in the historical drama miniseries ''The Anatomy of a Moment''. == Early life == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 1m8jpog30hsop677rmslfcyu630af2a 891929 891928 2026-08-06T07:39:22Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358765273|Álvaro Morte]]" 891929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Álvaro Antonio García Pérez'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-28 |title=Álvaro Morte, en el punto de mira |url=https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812140410/https://revistamine.com/alvaro-morte-en-el-punto-de-mira/ |archive-date=12 August 2022 |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=revistamine |language=es}}</ref> (born 23 February 1975), known professionally as '''Álvaro Morte''', is a Spanish actor. He gained worldwide recognition for playing the role of 'The Professor' in the television series ''Money Heist''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-09 |title=Is La Casa De Papel aka Money Heist Season 4 the Final Season acc. to the Show Runner? Release Date, Plot, Cast & More |url=https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407150833/https://www.unionjournalism.com/2020/02/08/is-la-casa-de-papel-aka-money-heist-season-4-the-final-season-acc-to-the-show-runner-release-date-plot-cast-more/ |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Union Journalism |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill-Paul |first=Lucas |date=2020-03-06 |title=Money Heist season 4: Berlin's shock return confirmed in all-new Netflix trailer |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813172259/https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1251579/Money-Heist-season-4-Berlin-return-trailer-release-date-el-casa-de-papel-Netflix-video |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=Express.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Morte briefly played Logain Ablar in the high fantasy series ''The Wheel of Time'' (2021–2023) and Adolfo Suárez in the historical drama miniseries ''The Anatomy of a Moment''. == Early life == Álvaro Antonio García Pérez<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lakunza |first=Rosana |date=23 October 2020 |title=Diez cosas que (igual) no sabías de... Álvaro Morte |url=https://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.eus/vivir-on/tv-y-cine/2020/10/23/diez-cosas-igual-sabias-alvaro/1063208.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221150814/https://www.noticiasdegipuzkoa.eus/vivir-on/tv-y-cine/2020/10/23/diez-cosas-igual-sabias-alvaro/1063208.html |archive-date=21 December 2021 |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=Noticias de Gipuzkoa}}</ref> was born on 23 February 1975 in Algeciras, province of Cádiz, soon relocating to Bujalance, province of Córdoba, with his family.<ref name="elidrissi">{{Cite web |last=Elidrissi |first=Fátima |date=12 June 2020 |title=El pasado de culebrones y series de Álvaro Morte, el Profesor de 'La casa de papel' |url=https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2020/06/12/5ee270d021efa079538b461e.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025182716/https://www.elmundo.es/loc/famosos/2020/06/12/5ee270d021efa079538b461e.html |archive-date=25 October 2022 |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 827fw0e0kxudh4h74r9xknb9ou42hwz 0 162824 891931 2026-08-06T07:44:13Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1317446666|Druine Condor]]" 891931 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Druine D.60 Condor''' jirgin sama ne mai sauƙi wanda Roger Druine ya tsara a Faransa a cikin shekarun 1950. Babban burin Druine shine tsara jirgin sama mai horarwa don aikin mai son.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}</ref> An yi Condor da yawa a Burtaniya ta hanyar Rollason Aircraft & Engines . == Tarihi == Jirgin Condor F-WBIX na farko ya fara tashi a shekarar 1956. Condor wani juyin halitta ne na Druine Turbi, amma ya ƙunshi fasalin jirgin da aka gyara sosai wanda ya ba matukin jirgin da malamin damar zama tare a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. Norman Jones, wanda ya kafa Tiger Club kuma mai mallakar Rollason Aircraft & Engines, ya riga ya sami wasu Druine Turbulents da kamfaninsa suka gina kuma ya kai ga ra'ayin bunkasa Condor don bukatun jirgin kulob din.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref> Tare da gyare-gyare da yawa ga ƙirar, Rollason Aircraft da Engines sun gudanar da jerin samarwa a Filin jirgin saman Croydon daga 1961 a matsayin '''Rollason Condor''' . Kamar yadda Croydon ya rufe don tashi a 1959, an kai dukkan jiragen sama zuwa Redhill, inda aka sake tara su kuma aka gwada su.<ref name="History" /> Norman Jones yana da sha'awar ci gaban Flying Clubs don haka ya sanya Condors a kan sharuddan rance masu kyau. Don jaddada gaskiyar cewa kamfaninsa gaba ɗaya ne mai zaman kansa kuma ba a ba da tallafi ba, Norman Jones ya zana a kan jirgin sama ɗaya labarin "British Made - Private Enterprise and No Taxpayers Money".<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref> A shekarar 1973, Rollasons ta dakatar da duk wani aikin jiragen sama a Croydon sannan ta koma Shoreham inda aka kammala Condor guda ɗaya. An sayar da wasu jiragen sama marasa kammalawa don a iya kammala su a matsayin jiragen da aka gina da son rai; ɗaya daga cikinsu shine G-BADM, wanda aka yi wa rijista da Rollasons a shekarar 1972 sannan wani mai son ya kammala a shekarar 1994..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/histories/badm.htm}}</ref> Borea a Faransa kuma ta samar da D.61 Condor. == Bambance-bambance == ; D.60 : Misalin Druine tare da 65 hp CNA D.4&nbsp; ; D.61 : Bambancin samar da Druine tare da 65 hp Continental A65&nbsp;Yankin A65 ; D.62 : Druine ko Rollason bambancin tare da 75 hp Continental A75 - 1 wanda Rollason ya gina, daga baya an inganta shi zuwa 90 hp Continental C90 <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; ; D.62A : Bambancin Rollason tare da 100 hp Continental O-200-A - 2 da aka gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; ; D.62B : Bambancin Rollason daga 1964 tare da gajeren fuselage da flaps 4 - 41 an kammala; wasu daga baya sun canza zuwa ma'auni na D.62C <ref name="Jackson548" /> ; D.62C. : Bambancin Rollason tare da 130 hp Continental O-240-A don jan jirgin sama - 4 an gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; == Bayani na musamman (D.62B) == [[Fayil:Condor_Cockpit_small.jpg|right|thumb|Condor Cockpit]] {{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67<ref name="jawa66 p167">{{harvnb|Taylor|1966|p=167}}</ref>|prime units?=met <!-- General characteristics -->|genhide=|crew=1|capacity=1 passenger|length m=6.86|length ft=|length in=|span m=8.38|span ft=|span in=|height m=|height ft=2.36|height in=|wing area sqm=11.13|wing area sqft=|airfoil=|aspect ratio=6.3:1|empty weight kg=417|empty weight lb=|max takeoff weight kg=670|gross weight lb=|fuel capacity={{convert|73|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}} <!-- Powerplant -->|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[Continental O-200|Rolls-Royce Continental 0-200A]]|eng1 type=air-cooled [[flat-four]] engine|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->|eng1 hp=100<!-- prop engines -->|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop name=Airscrew-Weyroc fixed-pitch propeller|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> <!-- Performance -->|perfhide=|max speed kmh=204|max speed mph=|max speed kts=|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->|cruise speed kmh=172|cruise speed mph=|cruise speed note=(econ cruise)|stall speed kmh=74|never exceed speed kmh=272|range km=560|range miles=|range nmi=|ceiling m=3650|ceiling ft=|climb rate ms=|climb rate ftmin=610|more performance=*'''Takeoff distance to 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|177|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass) *'''Landing distance from 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|137|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass)|avionics=}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   cfi9uno0w4rfftttobcyqgxoqw74fjn 891932 891931 2026-08-06T07:46:02Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 891932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Druine D.60 Condor''' jirgin sama ne mai sauƙi wanda Roger Druine ya tsara a Faransa a cikin shekarun 1950. Babban burin Druine shine tsara jirgin sama mai horarwa don aikin mai son.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}</ref> An yi Condor da yawa a Burtaniya ta hanyar Rollason Aircraft & Engines . == Tarihi == Jirgin Condor F-WBIX na farko ya fara tashi a shekarar 1956. Condor wani juyin halitta ne na Druine Turbi, amma ya ƙunshi fasalin jirgin da aka gyara sosai wanda ya ba matukin jirgin da malamin damar zama tare a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. Norman Jones, wanda ya kafa Tiger Club kuma mai mallakar Rollason Aircraft & Engines, ya riga ya sami wasu Druine Turbulents da kamfaninsa suka gina kuma ya kai ga ra'ayin bunkasa Condor don bukatun jirgin kulob din.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref> Tare da gyare-gyare da yawa ga ƙirar, Rollason Aircraft da Engines sun gudanar da jerin samarwa a Filin jirgin saman Croydon daga 1961 a matsayin '''Rollason Condor''' . Kamar yadda Croydon ya rufe don tashi a 1959, an kai dukkan jiragen sama zuwa Redhill, inda aka sake tara su kuma aka gwada su.<ref name="History" /> Norman Jones yana da sha'awar ci gaban Flying Clubs don haka ya sanya Condors a kan sharuddan rance masu kyau. Don jaddada gaskiyar cewa kamfaninsa gaba ɗaya ne mai zaman kansa kuma ba a ba da tallafi ba, Norman Jones ya zana a kan jirgin sama ɗaya labarin "British Made - Private Enterprise and No Taxpayers Money".<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref> A shekarar 1973, Rollasons ta dakatar da duk wani aikin jiragen sama a Croydon sannan ta koma Shoreham inda aka kammala Condor guda ɗaya. An sayar da wasu jiragen sama marasa kammalawa don a iya kammala su a matsayin jiragen da aka gina da son rai; ɗaya daga cikinsu shine G-BADM, wanda aka yi wa rijista da Rollasons a shekarar 1972 sannan wani mai son ya kammala a shekarar 1994..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/histories/badm.htm}}</ref> Borea a Faransa kuma ta samar da D.61 Condor. == Bambance-bambance == ; D.60 : Misalin Druine tare da 65 hp CNA D.4&nbsp; ; D.61 : Bambancin samar da Druine tare da 65 hp Continental A65&nbsp;Yankin A65 ; D.62 : Druine ko Rollason bambancin tare da 75 hp Continental A75 - 1 wanda Rollason ya gina, daga baya an inganta shi zuwa 90 hp Continental C90 <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm "Rollason&#x7C;condor"].</cite></ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; ; D.62A : Bambancin Rollason tare da 100 hp Continental O-200-A - 2 da aka gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; ; D.62B : Bambancin Rollason daga 1964 tare da gajeren fuselage da flaps 4 - 41 an kammala; wasu daga baya sun canza zuwa ma'auni na D.62C <ref name="Jackson548" /> ; D.62C. : Bambancin Rollason tare da 130 hp Continental O-240-A don jan jirgin sama - 4 an gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; == Bayani na musamman (D.62B) == [[Fayil:Condor_Cockpit_small.jpg|right|thumb|Condor Cockpit]] {{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67<ref name="jawa66 p167">{{harvnb|Taylor|1966|p=167}}</ref>|prime units?=met <!-- General characteristics -->|genhide=|crew=1|capacity=1 passenger|length m=6.86|length ft=|length in=|span m=8.38|span ft=|span in=|height m=|height ft=2.36|height in=|wing area sqm=11.13|wing area sqft=|airfoil=|aspect ratio=6.3:1|empty weight kg=417|empty weight lb=|max takeoff weight kg=670|gross weight lb=|fuel capacity={{convert|73|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}} <!-- Powerplant -->|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[Continental O-200|Rolls-Royce Continental 0-200A]]|eng1 type=air-cooled [[flat-four]] engine|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->|eng1 hp=100<!-- prop engines -->|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop name=Airscrew-Weyroc fixed-pitch propeller|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> <!-- Performance -->|perfhide=|max speed kmh=204|max speed mph=|max speed kts=|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->|cruise speed kmh=172|cruise speed mph=|cruise speed note=(econ cruise)|stall speed kmh=74|never exceed speed kmh=272|range km=560|range miles=|range nmi=|ceiling m=3650|ceiling ft=|climb rate ms=|climb rate ftmin=610|more performance=*'''Takeoff distance to 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|177|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass) *'''Landing distance from 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|137|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass)|avionics=}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   ca5o23ijwwov123hr97v9k2c2tw6i3n 0 162825 892023 2026-08-06T10:39:20Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343674121|Franc]]" 892023 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Franc''' ɗaya ce daga cikin nau'ikan kuɗi daban-daban. Yawanci ana raba franc ɗaya zuwa santimita 100. An ce sunan ya samo asali ne daga rubutun [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la|francorum rex}} ( Sarkin Franks ) ana amfani da shi a kan tsabar kuɗin Faransa na farko har zuwa ƙarni na 18, ko kuma daga ''Franc'' na Faransa, ma'ana "frank" (kuma "kyauta" a wasu yanayi, kamar {{Lang|fr|coup franc}}, "kyauta ta bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida"). Kasashen da ke amfani da kudin Franc a yau sun hada da Switzerland, Liechtenstein, da kuma mafi yawan [[Faransanci na Afirka|kasashen Afirka masu amfani da kudin Francophone]] . Swiss franc ita ce babbar hanyar samun kuɗi ta duniya a yau saboda shaharar cibiyoyin kuɗi na Switzerland . Kafin gabatar da kudin Euro a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, an kuma yi amfani da kudin Franc a Faransa, Belgium da Luxembourg, yayin da Andorra da Monaco suka amince da kudin Franc a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a shari'a ( Monégasque franc ). An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc a tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, ciki har da Aljeriya da Cambodia. Ana amfani da Franc a matsayin Italiyanci ko Hispanic a matsayin ''Franco'', misali a Luccan Franco. == Asalin == [[Fayil:Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg|right|thumb| An ƙera faranti na farko da aka taɓa ƙera, ''franc à cheval'', bayan dawowar Jean le Bon daga bauta daga ranar 5 ga Disamba 1360, kuma an nuna hotunan yaƙi. Zinare, karati 24, 3.73&nbsp;g. Ya yi daidai da ƙimar asusun ɗaya na livre tournois .]] Asalin kudin Faransa shine tsabar [[zinare]] ta 3.87&nbsp;an ƙirƙiro shi a shekara ta 1360 a lokacin sakin Sarki John na Biyu ("Nagari"), wanda Turawan Ingila suka riƙe tun lokacin da aka kama shi a Yaƙin Poitiers shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Ya yi daidai da ''livre tournois'' ɗaya (Tours pound). == Faransa Franc == Asalin kuɗin Faransa tsabar zinare ce da aka fitar a Faransa daga 1360 zuwa 1380, [1] sannan tsabar azurfa da aka fitar tsakanin 1575 da 1641. [2] Daga ƙarshe, kuɗin Faransa ya zama kuɗin ƙasa daga 1795 zuwa 1999 [3] (tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na Faransa an yi musu rangwame bisa doka har zuwa 2002). Duk da cewa Sarki Louis XIII ya soke shi a matsayin tsabar kuɗi ta doka a shekara ta 1641 don maye gurbin zinariya louis da azurfa écu, kalmar franc ta ci gaba da amfani da ita a cikin harshen gama gari don livre tournois . An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc ga tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, kamar Morocco, Aljeriya, Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa, da sauransu. A yau, bayan samun 'yancin kai, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe suna ci gaba da amfani da kuɗin franc a matsayin ma'aunin da suka saba amfani da shi. An kulle darajar kudin Faransa zuwa Yuro a Yuro 1 = 6.55957 FRF a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1998, kuma bayan gabatar da takardun kuɗi da tsabar kuɗi na Yuro, an daina biyan kuɗin bisa doka bayan 28 ga Fabrairu 2002, kodayake har yanzu ana iya musayar su a bankuna har zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Elinor |date=April 20, 1954 |title=The Value of the French Franc |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/rfd/1954/235/rfd235.pdf |website=[[Federal Reserve]]}}</ref> == CFA da CFP francs == Kasashe goma sha hudu na Afirka suna amfani da [[CFA franc ( sefar yammaci Afirka)|CFA franc]] (a yammacin Afirka, ''Communauté financière africaine'' ; a cikin equatorial Africa, ''Coopération financière en Afrique centrale'' ), asali (1945) darajar 1.7 Faransa francs sa'an nan daga 1948, 2 francs (daga 1960: franc 0.92 kawai). 0.01 Faransa Franc. Saboda haka, daga Janairu 1999, 1 CFA franc yayi daidai da €0.00152449. <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN1YQ0BN-OZABS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222193703/https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN1YQ0BN-OZABS |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Wani nau'in kuɗi daban (cFP ) yana yaɗuwa a yankunan Pacific na Faransa, wanda darajarsa ta kai €0.0084 (wanda a da ake kira 0.055 franc na Faransa). == Comoran Franc == A shekarar 1981, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta kafa wani shiri da gwamnatin Faransa kamar na CFA franc. Asali, darajar [[Comoran Franc|Francs 50 na Comoran]] ya kai fransa 1. A watan Janairun 1994, an canza farashin zuwa Franc na Comoran 75 zuwa Franc na Faransa. Tun daga shekarar 1999, an haɗa kuɗin zuwa Yuro. == Franc na Belgium da Luxembourg == Mamayar da Faransa mai juyin juya hali da Napoleon ta yi wa yawancin yammacin Turai ya haifar da yaɗuwar kuɗin franc. Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Daular Netherlands, sabuwar Daular Belgium a shekarar 1832 ta amince da nata kudin Faransa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Faransa, sai kuma Luxembourg ta amince da kudin Luxembourg a shekarar 1848 da kuma Switzerland a shekarar 1850. Sabuwar ƙasar Italiya da aka haɗa kai ta karɓi lira bisa irin wannan tushe a shekarar 1862. A shekarar 1865, Faransa, Belgium, Switzerland da Italiya suka kafa [[Ƙungiyar Kuɗi ta Latin]] (wadda Spain da Girka suka haɗa kai a shekarar 1868): kowannensu zai mallaki kuɗin ƙasa (franc, lira, peseta, drachma) wanda darajarsa ta kai 4.5.&nbsp;g na azurfa ko {{Val|0.290322}} na zinariya (mai kyau), duk ana iya musanya su da yardar kaina a cikin adadin 1: 1. A shekarun 1870, an sanya darajar zinare a matsayin mizani mai ɗorewa, yanayin da zai ci gaba har zuwa 1914. A shekarar 1926, Belgium da Faransa sun fuskanci raguwar darajar kuɗi da kuma raguwar kwarin gwiwa kwatsam, wanda ya haifar da ''gabatar'' da sabuwar kuɗin zinare don mu'amalar ƙasashen duniya, da kuma ficewar ƙasar daga ƙungiyar kuɗi, wadda ta daina wanzuwa a ƙarshen shekara. Haɗin gwiwar kuɗi na Belgium da Luxembourg na 1921 ya tsira kuma ya kafa tushen cikakken haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki a 1932. Kamar Faransa, Faransawan Belgian da Luxembourg sun daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, lokacin da suka tsaya cak a 1.&nbsp;EUR = 40.3399&nbsp;BEF/LUF, don haka franc na Belgium ko Luxembourg ya kai darajar €0.024789. Tsoffin tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na franc sun rasa matsayinsu na doka a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2002. Franc ɗaya na Luxembourg ya yi daidai da Franc ɗaya na Belgium. An yi cinikin franc na Belgium bisa doka a cikin Luxembourg, kuma franc na Luxembourg bisa doka a duk faɗin Belgium. (A zahiri, shaguna da kasuwanci a lardin Luxembourg na Belgium sun karɓi kuɗin Luxembourg a matsayin hanyar biyan kuɗi ne kawai, kusa da Grand Duchy na Luxembourg mai zaman kansa, wannan saboda dalilai na tarihi.) Sunan franc na ƙasar Belgium daidai yake da na ƙasar Holland da Jamusanci, sauran harsunan hukuma na ƙasar Belgium, an yi shi ne {{Lang|nl|frank}} . A Luxembourg ana kiran franc {{Lang|lb|Frang}} (jam'i na {{Lang|lb|Frangen}} ) a cikin harshen Luxembourgish . == Franc na Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein == Swiss franc ( lambar ISO : CHF ko 756; German ; Italian ), wanda ya yi tasiri sosai idan aka kwatanta da sabon kuɗin Turai daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba 2000, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a duniya, wanda darajarsa {{As of|2023|8}} sama da Yuro ɗaya kawai. Ana amfani da kuɗin Swiss franc a Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein tana da ikon sarrafa kuɗinta, wato Liechtenstein franc, wanda take yi lokaci zuwa lokaci don tunawa ko dalilai na gaggawa. Sunan ƙasar "Ƙungiyar Swiss" yana cikin wasu tsabar kuɗi a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ( ''Confoederatio Helvetica'' ), domin Switzerland tana da harsuna huɗu na hukuma, waɗanda duk ana amfani da su a kan takardun kuɗi. An taƙaita sunan "Fr." a kan tsabar kuɗi wanda shine taƙaitaccen bayani a cikin dukkan harsuna huɗu. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 83hxvyjv80vrnq26azuem9glny60fqz 892025 892023 2026-08-06T10:40:19Z Abusule dankofa 24259 892025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Franc''' ɗaya ce daga cikin nau'ikan kuɗi daban-daban. Yawanci ana raba franc ɗaya zuwa santimita 100. An ce sunan ya samo asali ne daga rubutun [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] {{Lang|la|francorum rex}} ( Sarkin Franks ) ana amfani da shi a kan tsabar kuɗin Faransa na farko har zuwa ƙarni na 18, ko kuma daga ''Franc'' na Faransa, ma'ana "frank" (kuma "kyauta" a wasu yanayi, kamar {{Lang|fr|coup franc}}, "kyauta ta bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida"). Kasashen da ke amfani da kudin Franc a yau sun hada da Switzerland, Liechtenstein, da kuma mafi yawan [[Faransanci na Afirka|kasashen Afirka masu amfani da kudin Francophone]] . Swiss franc ita ce babbar hanyar samun kuɗi ta duniya a yau saboda shaharar cibiyoyin kuɗi na Switzerland . Kafin gabatar da kudin Euro a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, an kuma yi amfani da kudin Franc a Faransa, Belgium da Luxembourg, yayin da Andorra da Monaco suka amince da kudin Franc a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a matsayin kudin da aka amince da shi a shari'a ( Monégasque franc ). An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc a tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, ciki har da Aljeriya da Cambodia. Ana amfani da Franc a matsayin Italiyanci ko Hispanic a matsayin ''Franco'', misali a Luccan Franco. == Asalin == [[Fayil:Franc_a_cheval_de_Jean_le_Bon_5_decembre_1360_or_3730mg.jpg|right|thumb| An ƙera faranti na farko da aka taɓa ƙera, ''franc à cheval'', bayan dawowar Jean le Bon daga bauta daga ranar 5 ga Disamba 1360, kuma an nuna hotunan yaƙi. Zinare, karati 24, 3.73&nbsp;g. Ya yi daidai da ƙimar asusun ɗaya na livre tournois .]] Asalin kudin Faransa shine tsabar [[zinare]] ta 3.87&nbsp;an ƙirƙiro shi a shekara ta 1360 a lokacin sakin Sarki John na Biyu ("Nagari"), wanda Turawan Ingila suka riƙe tun lokacin da aka kama shi a Yaƙin Poitiers shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Ya yi daidai da ''livre tournois'' ɗaya (Tours pound). == Faransa Franc == Asalin kuɗin Faransa tsabar zinare ce da aka fitar a Faransa daga 1360 zuwa 1380, [1] sannan tsabar azurfa da aka fitar tsakanin 1575 da 1641. [2] Daga ƙarshe, kuɗin Faransa ya zama kuɗin ƙasa daga 1795 zuwa 1999 [3] (tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na Faransa an yi musu rangwame bisa doka har zuwa 2002). Duk da cewa Sarki Louis XIII ya soke shi a matsayin tsabar kuɗi ta doka a shekara ta 1641 don maye gurbin zinariya louis da azurfa écu, kalmar franc ta ci gaba da amfani da ita a cikin harshen gama gari don livre tournois . An kuma yi amfani da kudin franc ga tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka na Faransa, kamar Morocco, Aljeriya, Afirka ta Yamma ta Faransa, da sauransu. A yau, bayan samun 'yancin kai, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe suna ci gaba da amfani da kuɗin franc a matsayin ma'aunin da suka saba amfani da shi. An kulle darajar kudin Faransa zuwa Yuro a Yuro 1 = 6.55957 FRF a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1998, kuma bayan gabatar da takardun kuɗi da tsabar kuɗi na Yuro, an daina biyan kuɗin bisa doka bayan 28 ga Fabrairu 2002, kodayake har yanzu ana iya musayar su a bankuna har zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Elinor |date=April 20, 1954 |title=The Value of the French Franc |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/rfd/1954/235/rfd235.pdf |website=[[Federal Reserve]]}}</ref> == CFA da CFP francs == Kasashe goma sha hudu na Afirka suna amfani da [[CFA franc ( sefar yammaci Afirka)|CFA franc]] (a yammacin Afirka, ''Communauté financière africaine'' ; a cikin equatorial Africa, ''Coopération financière en Afrique centrale'' ), asali (1945) darajar 1.7 Faransa francs sa'an nan daga 1948, 2 francs (daga 1960: franc 0.92 kawai). 0.01 Faransa Franc. Saboda haka, daga Janairu 1999, 1 CFA franc yayi daidai da €0.00152449. <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Africa renames CFA franc but keeps it pegged to euro |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN1YQ0BN-OZABS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222193703/https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKBN1YQ0BN-OZABS |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=22 December 2019 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Wani nau'in kuɗi daban (cFP ) yana yaɗuwa a yankunan Pacific na Faransa, wanda darajarsa ta kai €0.0084 (wanda a da ake kira 0.055 franc na Faransa). == Comoran Franc == A shekarar 1981, [[Komoros|Comoros]] ta kafa wani shiri da gwamnatin Faransa kamar na CFA franc. Asali, darajar [[Comoran Franc|Francs 50 na Comoran]] ya kai fransa 1. A watan Janairun 1994, an canza farashin zuwa Franc na Comoran 75 zuwa Franc na Faransa. Tun daga shekarar 1999, an haɗa kuɗin zuwa Yuro. == Franc na Belgium da Luxembourg == Mamayar da Faransa mai juyin juya hali da Napoleon ta yi wa yawancin yammacin Turai ya haifar da yaɗuwar kuɗin franc. Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Daular Netherlands, sabuwar Daular Belgium a shekarar 1832 ta amince da nata kudin Faransa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Faransa, sai kuma Luxembourg ta amince da kudin Luxembourg a shekarar 1848 da kuma Switzerland a shekarar 1850. Sabuwar ƙasar Italiya da aka haɗa kai ta karɓi lira bisa irin wannan tushe a shekarar 1862. A shekarar 1865, Faransa, Belgium, Switzerland da Italiya suka kafa [[Ƙungiyar Kuɗi ta Latin]] (wadda Spain da Girka suka haɗa kai a shekarar 1868): kowannensu zai mallaki kuɗin ƙasa (franc, lira, peseta, drachma) wanda darajarsa ta kai 4.5.&nbsp;g na azurfa ko {{Val|0.290322}} na zinariya (mai kyau), duk ana iya musanya su da yardar kaina a cikin adadin 1: 1. A shekarun 1870, an sanya darajar zinare a matsayin mizani mai ɗorewa, yanayin da zai ci gaba har zuwa 1914. A shekarar 1926, Belgium da Faransa sun fuskanci raguwar darajar kuɗi da kuma raguwar kwarin gwiwa kwatsam, wanda ya haifar da ''gabatar'' da sabuwar kuɗin zinare don mu'amalar ƙasashen duniya, da kuma ficewar ƙasar daga ƙungiyar kuɗi, wadda ta daina wanzuwa a ƙarshen shekara. Haɗin gwiwar kuɗi na Belgium da Luxembourg na 1921 ya tsira kuma ya kafa tushen cikakken haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki a 1932. Kamar Faransa, Faransawan Belgian da Luxembourg sun daina wanzuwa a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1999, lokacin da suka tsaya cak a 1.&nbsp;EUR = 40.3399&nbsp;BEF/LUF, don haka franc na Belgium ko Luxembourg ya kai darajar €0.024789. Tsoffin tsabar kuɗi da takardun kuɗi na franc sun rasa matsayinsu na doka a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2002. Franc ɗaya na Luxembourg ya yi daidai da Franc ɗaya na Belgium. An yi cinikin franc na Belgium bisa doka a cikin Luxembourg, kuma franc na Luxembourg bisa doka a duk faɗin Belgium. (A zahiri, shaguna da kasuwanci a lardin Luxembourg na Belgium sun karɓi kuɗin Luxembourg a matsayin hanyar biyan kuɗi ne kawai, kusa da Grand Duchy na Luxembourg mai zaman kansa, wannan saboda dalilai na tarihi.) Sunan franc na ƙasar Belgium daidai yake da na ƙasar Holland da Jamusanci, sauran harsunan hukuma na ƙasar Belgium, an yi shi ne {{Lang|nl|frank}} . A Luxembourg ana kiran franc {{Lang|lb|Frang}} (jam'i na {{Lang|lb|Frangen}} ) a cikin harshen Luxembourgish . == Franc na Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein == Swiss franc ( lambar ISO : CHF ko 756; German ; Italian ), wanda ya yi tasiri sosai idan aka kwatanta da sabon kuɗin Turai daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba 2000, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarfi a duniya, wanda darajarsa {{As of|2023|8}} sama da Yuro ɗaya kawai. Ana amfani da kuɗin Swiss franc a Switzerland da kuma Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein tana da ikon sarrafa kuɗinta, wato Liechtenstein franc, wanda take yi lokaci zuwa lokaci don tunawa ko dalilai na gaggawa. Sunan ƙasar "Ƙungiyar Swiss" yana cikin wasu tsabar kuɗi a cikin [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ( ''Confoederatio Helvetica'' ), domin Switzerland tana da harsuna huɗu na hukuma, waɗanda duk ana amfani da su a kan takardun kuɗi. An taƙaita sunan "Fr." a kan tsabar kuɗi wanda shine taƙaitaccen bayani a cikin dukkan harsuna huɗu. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 3q7y8ktyhc12ethl66donubbqz757wa 0 162826 892031 2026-08-06T10:41:36Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1139738013|Franco Borsi]]" 892031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Borsi''' (1925-2008) wani masanin gine-gine ne kuma masanin tarihin gine-gine na Italiya. Farfesa ne a fannin tarihin gine-gine a Jami'ar Florence, kuma ya yi rubutu kan Giovanni Michelucci, Leon Battista Alberti, Gian Lorenzo Bernini da Donato Bramante . == Rayuwa == Franco Borsi ya yi karatun gine-gine a Jami'ar Florence . Bayan ya yi aikin horar da gine-gine a ƙasar Norway, sai ya koma Roma . A matsayinsa na mai zane-zane, ya ƙware a fannin gine-ginen cikin gida, musamman gidajen rawa na dare a yankin Via Veneto . A shekarun 1960 ya fara koyarwa a Faculty of Architecture a Jami'ar Florence, inda ya zama farfesa a tarihin gine-gine. == Ayyuka == * (tare da GK Koenig) ''Architettura dell'espressionismo'' . Genoa: Vitali e Ghianda; Paris: Vincent, Fréal & Cie, 1967. * ''La chiesa di S. Andrea al Quirinale'', 1967 * (tare da Paulo Portoghesi) ''Victor Horta'', 1969 * (tare da Robert-L. Delevoy da H. Wieser-Benedetti) ''Bruxelles 1900'' . Romawa: Officina, 1972. * (ed.) ''Leon Battista Alberti: cikakkun ayyukan'' . Rudolf G. Carpanini ne ya fassara. Landan: Faber da Faber, 1973 * ''Firenze del Cinquecento'' . Roma: Editalia, 1974 * (ed. tare da Geno Pampaloni) ''Le Piazze'' . Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 1975. * ''L'architettura del principe'' . Florence: Giunti-Martello, 1980. * ''Bernini'' . An fassara daga ''gidan tarihi na Bernini'' na Italiya ta Robert Erich Wolf. New York: Rizzoli, 1984. * (ed.) ''Fortuna degli Etruschi'' . Milan: Electa, 1985 * (tare da Ezio Godoli) ''Vienna 1900: gine-gine da zane'' . An fassara daga ''Vienne ta Italiya a shekarar 1900'' . New York: Rizzoli, 1986. * ''Zamanin tarihi: Gine-gine da ƙira na Turai, 1929-1939'' . An fassara daga ''L'ordre monumental'' ta Pamela Marwood. New York: Rizzoli, 1987. * ''Bramante'' . Milan : Electa, 1989 * (tare da Ezio Godoli) ''Paris 1900'' . An fassara daga Italiyanci ta JC Palmes. New York: Rizzoli, 1991. * (tare da Stefano Borsi) ''Paolo Uccello'' . An fassara daga Italiyanci ta hanyar Elfreda Powell. New York, NY: HN Abrams, 1994. * ''Tsarin Gine-gine da Utopia'' . Deke Dusinberre ne ya fassara. Editan Hazan, 1997. [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] kooi2c2r05fnwidwilj8m78b3ikpxli 892034 892031 2026-08-06T10:42:18Z Abusule dankofa 24259 892034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Franco Borsi''' (1925-2008) wani masanin gine-gine ne kuma masanin tarihin gine-gine na Italiya. Farfesa ne a fannin tarihin gine-gine a Jami'ar Florence, kuma ya yi rubutu kan Giovanni Michelucci, Leon Battista Alberti, Gian Lorenzo Bernini da Donato Bramante . == Rayuwa == Franco Borsi ya yi karatun gine-gine a Jami'ar Florence . Bayan ya yi aikin horar da gine-gine a ƙasar Norway, sai ya koma Roma . A matsayinsa na mai zane-zane, ya ƙware a fannin gine-ginen cikin gida, musamman gidajen rawa na dare a yankin Via Veneto . A shekarun 1960 ya fara koyarwa a Faculty of Architecture a Jami'ar Florence, inda ya zama farfesa a tarihin gine-gine. == Ayyuka == * (tare da GK Koenig) ''Architettura dell'espressionismo'' . Genoa: Vitali e Ghianda; Paris: Vincent, Fréal & Cie, 1967. * ''La chiesa di S. Andrea al Quirinale'', 1967 * (tare da Paulo Portoghesi) ''Victor Horta'', 1969 * (tare da Robert-L. Delevoy da H. Wieser-Benedetti) ''Bruxelles 1900'' . Romawa: Officina, 1972. * (ed.) ''Leon Battista Alberti: cikakkun ayyukan'' . Rudolf G. Carpanini ne ya fassara. Landan: Faber da Faber, 1973 * ''Firenze del Cinquecento'' . Roma: Editalia, 1974 * (ed. tare da Geno Pampaloni) ''Le Piazze'' . Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 1975. * ''L'architettura del principe'' . Florence: Giunti-Martello, 1980. * ''Bernini'' . An fassara daga ''gidan tarihi na Bernini'' na Italiya ta Robert Erich Wolf. New York: Rizzoli, 1984. * (ed.) ''Fortuna degli Etruschi'' . Milan: Electa, 1985 * (tare da Ezio Godoli) ''Vienna 1900: gine-gine da zane'' . An fassara daga ''Vienne ta Italiya a shekarar 1900'' . New York: Rizzoli, 1986. * ''Zamanin tarihi: Gine-gine da ƙira na Turai, 1929-1939'' . An fassara daga ''L'ordre monumental'' ta Pamela Marwood. New York: Rizzoli, 1987. * ''Bramante'' . Milan : Electa, 1989 * (tare da Ezio Godoli) ''Paris 1900'' . An fassara daga Italiyanci ta JC Palmes. New York: Rizzoli, 1991. * (tare da Stefano Borsi) ''Paolo Uccello'' . An fassara daga Italiyanci ta hanyar Elfreda Powell. New York, NY: HN Abrams, 1994. * ''Tsarin Gine-gine da Utopia'' . Deke Dusinberre ne ya fassara. Editan Hazan, 1997. [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] ===manazarta=== ochz7x8s1ecjy5xz8asvi4u1b3urt7r 0 162827 892039 2026-08-06T10:45:00Z Abusule dankofa 24259 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366317710|Franco Parisi (soccer)]]" 892039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franco Parisi''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1983) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. <ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|493481}}</ref> A yanzu haka shi ne Babban Kocin kulob din NPL NSW APIA Leichhardt . An dauke shi a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasa a kulob, Parisi ya buga wasanni sama da 300 a lokacin da yake ɗan wasa a APIA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavroulakis |first=Mark |date=6 April 2020 |title=Maestro Parisi challenged by COVID-19 heartbreak |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2020/04/06/maestro-parisi-challenged-by-covid-19-heartbreak/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === Tun tana ƙarama, Parisi ta yi wasa da APIA Leichhardt tun daga shekarar 1994 kuma ta fara sha'awar ƙungiyar tun tana ƙarama. A shekara ta 2000, Parisi ta buga wasa da AIS kafin Sydney Olympics ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Olympics ta Sydney === Parisi ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Canberra Cosmos . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2000 |title=2000 National Soccer League results |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/NSL/20002001/Round10.html |publisher=OzFootball}}</ref> Bayan ya shafe shekara guda tare da SC Telstar, Parisi ta koma gasar Olympics a kakar wasa ta 2002-03. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2002 |title=Clubs want to go it alone, with a little help |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/clubs-want-to-go-it-alone-with-a-little-help-20020912-gdfmjr.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2002 |title=Angry D'Avray feels pain as window closes |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/angry-davray-feels-pain-as-window-closes-20020914-gdfmsy.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Duk da wasu matsaloli na rashin kyau da rauni, Parisi ya sami salon wasansa kuma ya kammala kakar wasa da kyau, wanda ya taimaka wa gasar Olympics ta lashe gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2003 |title=Bullish Sharks prove they're too good to fall in a heap |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/bullish-sharks-prove-theyre-too-good-to-fall-in-a-heap-20030203-gdg7lc.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2003 |title=Hungry Sharks show appetite for goal and title |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/hungry-sharks-show-appetite-for-goal-and-title-20030301-gdgcqh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyarsa ta gida Sydney United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2003 |title=Short-handed United conjure up enough tricks to trump distracted Kingz |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/short-handed-united-conjure-up-enough-tricks-to-trump-distracted-kingz-20030929-gdhhc9.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Sydney United === Parisi ta buga wa Sydney United wasa a kakar wasan ƙarshe ta gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa . United ta sha wahala wajen samun kwallon duk da cewa Parisi ta yi wa kungiyarsa damammaki da dama na zura kwallo a raga, kuma ta kasa karya matsalar rashin zura kwallo a raga a farkon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2003 |title=Sydney United scoreless again |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/sydney-united-scoreless-again-20031026-gdhnwh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya zura kwallo daya tilo da ya ci a gasar a wasan da suka doke Brisbane Strikers da ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya lashe bugun fenariti ga kungiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2003 |title=United rediscover lost art of putting the ball in the net |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/united-rediscover-lost-art-of-putting-the-ball-in-the-net-20031110-gdhr2o.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Jirgin saman Newcastle === Parisi ta shiga Newcastle Jets don buga wasa a sabuwar ƙungiyar A-League . Parisi ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Perth Glory da ci 4-1, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2005 |title=Mori-bund Jets can't handle dean of NSL |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/mori-bund-jets-cant-handle-dean-of-nsl-20051009-gdm7wv.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan F3 Derby inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa kungiyar nasara a minti na 88, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe 1-0 a cikakken lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Jets' most memorable F3 Derby victories |url=https://www.newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/jets-most-memorable-f3-derby-victories |website=KEEPUP |publisher=Newcastle Jets}}</ref> === Mawakan New Zealand === Parisi ta buga wasa na ɗan lokaci ga [[New Zealand Knights FC|ƙungiyar New Zealand Knights]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2006 |title=Soccer: Knights sign Parisi – Sport News |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/soccer-knights-sign-parisi/XDZFEJJRSSUZQFSD2LPYPFCKEY/ |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Wasansa kawai da zai buga wa ƙungiyar zai kasance ne da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Newcastle inda ya buga mintuna 14 kacal a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle Jets vs New Zealand Knights. Round 4, 2005–06 |url=https://www.ultimatealeague.com/match/?match_id=31 |publisher=Ultimate A-League |language=en}}</ref> === APIA Leichhardt === A shekara ta 2007, Parisi ta koma APIA Leichhardt bayan ta sha wahala wajen samun lokacin wasa. Bayan shekaru uku inda ƙungiyar ta kammala a rabin ƙasa na gasar, ƙungiyar Parisi ta samu ci gaba a kakar wasa ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2010 |title=Franco Parisi strike keeps Tigers roaring |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/07/18/franco-parisi-strike-keeps-tigers-roaring/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Yana taimaka wa APIA ta kai ga zagayen ƙarshe, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta yi nasara a kan Marconi a matakin farko kafin Sydney United ta fitar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2010 |title=Parisi magic separates both sides in a thriller |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/08/parisi-magic-separates-both-sides-in-a-thriller/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=Sydney United ends APIA's dream run |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/15/sydney-united-ends-a-p-i-as-dream-run/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2013, Franco Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da APIA ta samu a gasar Waratah Cup, wadda ta kasance nasarar farko a gasar cin kofin cikin gida cikin shekaru 21. An zaɓe shi gwarzon ɗan wasa saboda rawar da ya taka, wanda ya haɗa da zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wasu biyu wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai su ga nasara. [1] [2] Wannan kuma ya sa suka zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar NSW ta farko da ta buga sabon Kofin FFA . A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2015, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa tawagarsa ta yi kunnen doki 4-4 da Blacktown Spartans a zagaye na karshe, inda ta ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu da aka ci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2015 |title=Eight goal thriller at Lambert Park in final round |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/08/16/eight-goal-thriller-at-lambert-park-in-final-round/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Sakamakon rawar da ya taka a duk tsawon kakar wasa, an karrama Parisi da kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2015, inda ya samu ƙuri'u 13 a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2015 |title=Winners galore at NPL Gala Dinner |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/09/11/winners-galore-at-npl-gala-dinner/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2017, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da lashe gasar Premier, yayin da kungiyarsa ta samu nasara a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Manly United . Wannan nasarar ta kawo ƙarshen rashin nasarar lashe gasar zakarun Turai na tsawon shekaru 30, kuma gudunmawar Parisi tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasarar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned 2017 Premiers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/08/16/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-2017-premiers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt end 30-year wait! |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/apia-leichhardt-end-30-year-wait-470757 |publisher=FTBL}}</ref> Kwarewar da APIA ta samu a gasar ta sa ta samu gurbi a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda Parisi ta buga wasa mai kyau da ci 5-0 a kan Rockdale City . Duk da haka, sun rasa kofin zakarun Turai, domin Manly United ta sha kashi a wasan karshe bayan da ta sha kashi da ci 4-3 a bugun fenariti a gaban taron jama'a 3500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Grand Final awaits red-hot APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/13/grand-final-awaits-red-hot-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=Manly United crowned Champions |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/14/manly-united-crowned-champions/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2018, an yaba wa Parisi saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan inda ya fara a cikin tawagar da ta yi nasara a kan Melbourne Victory da ci 3-2 a gasar cin kofin FFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2018 |title=Tigers stalwart Parisi hails FFA Cup heroes after stunning Victory |url=https://www.myfootball.com.au/news/tigers-stalwart-parisi-hails-ffa-cup-heroes-after-stunning-victory |publisher=MyFootball}}</ref> A lokacin wata hira da aka yi da shi bayan wasan, Parisi ta yi magana da kwarin gwiwa game da ingancin tawagar, inda ta ambaci zurfin ƙungiyar da kuma baiwar da take da ita a matsayin dalilan da suka sa ta samu nasara a wani mataki mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Parisi: Our whole team could play A-League |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/parisi-our-whole-team-could-play-a-league-500664 |publisher=FTBL}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2018, Parisi ta sake fitowa a gasar Grand Final, inda ta fafata da tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Sydney Olympic . APIA na Parisi ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a jere a shekara ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2018 |title=APIA Legend Franco Parisi ready for battle on Sunday |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/09/03/apia-legend-francos-parisi-ready-for-battle-on-sunday/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Duk da haka, Parisi ya sami damar ɗaga kofin Waratah na biyu ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned TAFE NSW Waratah Cup Champions |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/07/14/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-tafe-nsw-waratah-cup-champions/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2019, Parisi ya nuna inganci da gogewarsa ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa nasara 5-1 akan Rockdale da kuma nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2019 |title=Parisi brilliance shines once again as Tigers defeat Hakoah |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/30/parisi-brilliance-shines-once-again-as-tigers-defeat-hakoah/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2019 |title=Parisi magic eclipses hapless Suns |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/23/parisi-magic-eclipses-hapless-suns/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title="Too easy" Parisi keeping up his legendary status at APIA |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/26/too-easy-parisi-keeping-up-his-legendary-status-at-apia/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2019, Parisi, a wasansa na uku na Grand Final, ta lashe gasar APIA ta hanyar doke Sydney United da ci 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, wanda ya kawo karshen rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a gasar tsawon shekaru 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=Championship finally comes home to APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/09/01/championship-finally-comes-home-to-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2021, Parisi tana cikin tawagar da ta doke Wanderers 2-1 a gasar cin kofin FFA ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=APIA Leichhardt FC vs Western Sydney Wanderers, Australia Cup, Round of 16, 7th Dec 2021 |url=https://www.australiacup.com.au/match/apia-leichhardt-fc-v-western-sydney-wanderers-australia-cup-08-12-2021/2259165#!/match-report |publisher=Australia Cup |language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasa, Parisi ya buga wasanni 25 a ƙungiyarsa, waɗanda suka kare a matsayi na biyar a gasar kuma suka kai ga zagayen ƙarshe. Bayan sun doke Marconi a matakin farko, Blacktown City ta kawar da ƙungiyar Parisi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara kiran Parisi cikin tawagar ' yan kasa da shekara 20 ta Australia a shekarar 2001. Ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 20 wasa a wasan da suka fafata da Japan a minti na 46. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Socceroos 2001 Matches |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/U20/2001.html |publisher=Ozfootball}}</ref> An zaɓi Parisi don ta buga wasa a gasar cin kofin matasa ta OFC ta 2002, amma ta ji rauni kafin a fara gasar rukuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2002 |title=McDonald leads Young Socceroos |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/mcdonald-leads-young-socceroos-20021207-gdfxeg.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya murmure, ya buga wasanni biyu na wasan ƙarshe da Fiji, inda ya zura kwallaye a kowanne wasa kuma ya taimaka wa Australia ta sami gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2002 |title=Young Socceroos thump Fiji |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/young-socceroos-thump-fiji-20021224-gdg0f2.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2003, an ƙara shi cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Australiya don gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2003 |title=Young Socceroos named for World Youth Champs |url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/archives-9717/ |publisher=Oceania Football Confederation}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == An naɗa Parisi a matsayin Babban Kocin APIA bayan kakar wasa ta 2022, tare da abokin wasansa kuma fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar David D'Apuzzo wanda zai zama Mataimakin Koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT, 1ST GRADE MEN'S HEAD COACH. APIA is delighted to announce Franco Parisi will be our Men's 1st Grade coach this season. |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=5619587488109174 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0zdp3gh3fvp0ah1pmlp3ij3iaziod2w 892040 892039 2026-08-06T10:45:52Z Abusule dankofa 24259 892040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Franco Parisi''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1983) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. <ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|493481}}</ref> A yanzu haka shi ne Babban Kocin kulob din NPL NSW APIA Leichhardt . An dauke shi a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasa a kulob, Parisi ya buga wasanni sama da 300 a lokacin da yake ɗan wasa a APIA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavroulakis |first=Mark |date=6 April 2020 |title=Maestro Parisi challenged by COVID-19 heartbreak |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2020/04/06/maestro-parisi-challenged-by-covid-19-heartbreak/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === Tun tana ƙarama, Parisi ta yi wasa da APIA Leichhardt tun daga shekarar 1994 kuma ta fara sha'awar ƙungiyar tun tana ƙarama. A shekara ta 2000, Parisi ta buga wasa da AIS kafin Sydney Olympics ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Olympics ta Sydney === Parisi ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Canberra Cosmos . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2000 |title=2000 National Soccer League results |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/NSL/20002001/Round10.html |publisher=OzFootball}}</ref> Bayan ya shafe shekara guda tare da SC Telstar, Parisi ta koma gasar Olympics a kakar wasa ta 2002-03. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2002 |title=Clubs want to go it alone, with a little help |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/clubs-want-to-go-it-alone-with-a-little-help-20020912-gdfmjr.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2002 |title=Angry D'Avray feels pain as window closes |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/angry-davray-feels-pain-as-window-closes-20020914-gdfmsy.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Duk da wasu matsaloli na rashin kyau da rauni, Parisi ya sami salon wasansa kuma ya kammala kakar wasa da kyau, wanda ya taimaka wa gasar Olympics ta lashe gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2003 |title=Bullish Sharks prove they're too good to fall in a heap |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/bullish-sharks-prove-theyre-too-good-to-fall-in-a-heap-20030203-gdg7lc.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2003 |title=Hungry Sharks show appetite for goal and title |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/hungry-sharks-show-appetite-for-goal-and-title-20030301-gdgcqh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyarsa ta gida Sydney United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2003 |title=Short-handed United conjure up enough tricks to trump distracted Kingz |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/short-handed-united-conjure-up-enough-tricks-to-trump-distracted-kingz-20030929-gdhhc9.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Sydney United === Parisi ta buga wa Sydney United wasa a kakar wasan ƙarshe ta gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa . United ta sha wahala wajen samun kwallon duk da cewa Parisi ta yi wa kungiyarsa damammaki da dama na zura kwallo a raga, kuma ta kasa karya matsalar rashin zura kwallo a raga a farkon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2003 |title=Sydney United scoreless again |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/sydney-united-scoreless-again-20031026-gdhnwh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya zura kwallo daya tilo da ya ci a gasar a wasan da suka doke Brisbane Strikers da ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya lashe bugun fenariti ga kungiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2003 |title=United rediscover lost art of putting the ball in the net |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/united-rediscover-lost-art-of-putting-the-ball-in-the-net-20031110-gdhr2o.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Jirgin saman Newcastle === Parisi ta shiga Newcastle Jets don buga wasa a sabuwar ƙungiyar A-League . Parisi ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Perth Glory da ci 4-1, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2005 |title=Mori-bund Jets can't handle dean of NSL |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/mori-bund-jets-cant-handle-dean-of-nsl-20051009-gdm7wv.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan F3 Derby inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa kungiyar nasara a minti na 88, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe 1-0 a cikakken lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Jets' most memorable F3 Derby victories |url=https://www.newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/jets-most-memorable-f3-derby-victories |website=KEEPUP |publisher=Newcastle Jets}}</ref> === Mawakan New Zealand === Parisi ta buga wasa na ɗan lokaci ga [[New Zealand Knights FC|ƙungiyar New Zealand Knights]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2006 |title=Soccer: Knights sign Parisi – Sport News |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/soccer-knights-sign-parisi/XDZFEJJRSSUZQFSD2LPYPFCKEY/ |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |language=en-NZ}}</ref> Wasansa kawai da zai buga wa ƙungiyar zai kasance ne da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Newcastle inda ya buga mintuna 14 kacal a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle Jets vs New Zealand Knights. Round 4, 2005–06 |url=https://www.ultimatealeague.com/match/?match_id=31 |publisher=Ultimate A-League |language=en}}</ref> === APIA Leichhardt === A shekara ta 2007, Parisi ta koma APIA Leichhardt bayan ta sha wahala wajen samun lokacin wasa. Bayan shekaru uku inda ƙungiyar ta kammala a rabin ƙasa na gasar, ƙungiyar Parisi ta samu ci gaba a kakar wasa ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2010 |title=Franco Parisi strike keeps Tigers roaring |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/07/18/franco-parisi-strike-keeps-tigers-roaring/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Yana taimaka wa APIA ta kai ga zagayen ƙarshe, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta yi nasara a kan Marconi a matakin farko kafin Sydney United ta fitar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2010 |title=Parisi magic separates both sides in a thriller |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/08/parisi-magic-separates-both-sides-in-a-thriller/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=Sydney United ends APIA's dream run |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/15/sydney-united-ends-a-p-i-as-dream-run/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2013, Franco Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da APIA ta samu a gasar Waratah Cup, wadda ta kasance nasarar farko a gasar cin kofin cikin gida cikin shekaru 21. An zaɓe shi gwarzon ɗan wasa saboda rawar da ya taka, wanda ya haɗa da zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wasu biyu wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai su ga nasara. [1] [2] Wannan kuma ya sa suka zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar NSW ta farko da ta buga sabon Kofin FFA . A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2015, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa tawagarsa ta yi kunnen doki 4-4 da Blacktown Spartans a zagaye na karshe, inda ta ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu da aka ci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2015 |title=Eight goal thriller at Lambert Park in final round |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/08/16/eight-goal-thriller-at-lambert-park-in-final-round/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Sakamakon rawar da ya taka a duk tsawon kakar wasa, an karrama Parisi da kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2015, inda ya samu ƙuri'u 13 a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2015 |title=Winners galore at NPL Gala Dinner |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/09/11/winners-galore-at-npl-gala-dinner/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2017, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da lashe gasar Premier, yayin da kungiyarsa ta samu nasara a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Manly United . Wannan nasarar ta kawo ƙarshen rashin nasarar lashe gasar zakarun Turai na tsawon shekaru 30, kuma gudunmawar Parisi tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasarar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned 2017 Premiers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/08/16/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-2017-premiers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt end 30-year wait! |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/apia-leichhardt-end-30-year-wait-470757 |publisher=FTBL}}</ref> Kwarewar da APIA ta samu a gasar ta sa ta samu gurbi a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda Parisi ta buga wasa mai kyau da ci 5-0 a kan Rockdale City . Duk da haka, sun rasa kofin zakarun Turai, domin Manly United ta sha kashi a wasan karshe bayan da ta sha kashi da ci 4-3 a bugun fenariti a gaban taron jama'a 3500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Grand Final awaits red-hot APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/13/grand-final-awaits-red-hot-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=Manly United crowned Champions |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/14/manly-united-crowned-champions/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2018, an yaba wa Parisi saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan inda ya fara a cikin tawagar da ta yi nasara a kan Melbourne Victory da ci 3-2 a gasar cin kofin FFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2018 |title=Tigers stalwart Parisi hails FFA Cup heroes after stunning Victory |url=https://www.myfootball.com.au/news/tigers-stalwart-parisi-hails-ffa-cup-heroes-after-stunning-victory |publisher=MyFootball}}</ref> A lokacin wata hira da aka yi da shi bayan wasan, Parisi ta yi magana da kwarin gwiwa game da ingancin tawagar, inda ta ambaci zurfin ƙungiyar da kuma baiwar da take da ita a matsayin dalilan da suka sa ta samu nasara a wani mataki mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Parisi: Our whole team could play A-League |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/parisi-our-whole-team-could-play-a-league-500664 |publisher=FTBL}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2018, Parisi ta sake fitowa a gasar Grand Final, inda ta fafata da tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Sydney Olympic . APIA na Parisi ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a jere a shekara ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2018 |title=APIA Legend Franco Parisi ready for battle on Sunday |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/09/03/apia-legend-francos-parisi-ready-for-battle-on-sunday/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Duk da haka, Parisi ya sami damar ɗaga kofin Waratah na biyu ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned TAFE NSW Waratah Cup Champions |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/07/14/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-tafe-nsw-waratah-cup-champions/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2019, Parisi ya nuna inganci da gogewarsa ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa nasara 5-1 akan Rockdale da kuma nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2019 |title=Parisi brilliance shines once again as Tigers defeat Hakoah |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/30/parisi-brilliance-shines-once-again-as-tigers-defeat-hakoah/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2019 |title=Parisi magic eclipses hapless Suns |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/23/parisi-magic-eclipses-hapless-suns/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title="Too easy" Parisi keeping up his legendary status at APIA |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/26/too-easy-parisi-keeping-up-his-legendary-status-at-apia/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2019, Parisi, a wasansa na uku na Grand Final, ta lashe gasar APIA ta hanyar doke Sydney United da ci 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, wanda ya kawo karshen rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a gasar tsawon shekaru 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=Championship finally comes home to APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/09/01/championship-finally-comes-home-to-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2021, Parisi tana cikin tawagar da ta doke Wanderers 2-1 a gasar cin kofin FFA ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=APIA Leichhardt FC vs Western Sydney Wanderers, Australia Cup, Round of 16, 7th Dec 2021 |url=https://www.australiacup.com.au/match/apia-leichhardt-fc-v-western-sydney-wanderers-australia-cup-08-12-2021/2259165#!/match-report |publisher=Australia Cup |language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasa, Parisi ya buga wasanni 25 a ƙungiyarsa, waɗanda suka kare a matsayi na biyar a gasar kuma suka kai ga zagayen ƙarshe. Bayan sun doke Marconi a matakin farko, Blacktown City ta kawar da ƙungiyar Parisi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara kiran Parisi cikin tawagar ' yan kasa da shekara 20 ta Australia a shekarar 2001. Ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 20 wasa a wasan da suka fafata da Japan a minti na 46. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Socceroos 2001 Matches |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/U20/2001.html |publisher=Ozfootball}}</ref> An zaɓi Parisi don ta buga wasa a gasar cin kofin matasa ta OFC ta 2002, amma ta ji rauni kafin a fara gasar rukuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2002 |title=McDonald leads Young Socceroos |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/mcdonald-leads-young-socceroos-20021207-gdfxeg.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya murmure, ya buga wasanni biyu na wasan ƙarshe da Fiji, inda ya zura kwallaye a kowanne wasa kuma ya taimaka wa Australia ta sami gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2002 |title=Young Socceroos thump Fiji |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/young-socceroos-thump-fiji-20021224-gdg0f2.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2003, an ƙara shi cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Australiya don gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2003 |title=Young Socceroos named for World Youth Champs |url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/archives-9717/ |publisher=Oceania Football Confederation}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == An naɗa Parisi a matsayin Babban Kocin APIA bayan kakar wasa ta 2022, tare da abokin wasansa kuma fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar David D'Apuzzo wanda zai zama Mataimakin Koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT, 1ST GRADE MEN'S HEAD COACH. APIA is delighted to announce Franco Parisi will be our Men's 1st Grade coach this season. |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=5619587488109174 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== 8ts9mwyv80d3dc4uxg9jnvxx009oglv